FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM HENDERSHOT, EF LOTT, TJ AF BLUMBERG, HM HENDERSHOT, EF LOTT, TJ TI PERSISTENCE OF THE SAME CANDIDA-ALBICANS STRAIN DESPITE FLUCONAZOLE THERAPY - DOCUMENTATION BY PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Note ID YEASTS AB Candida albicans and other Candida species have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with a high mortality. Therapeutic options for fungal infections are limited. Amphotericin B has been the mainstay of treatment for serious systemic candidal infections, but it is relatively toxic and associated with a variety of side effects. Fluconazole has been proposed as alternative therapy for the treatment of systemic candidiasis including candidemia. We report the case of a patient with fungemia in whom fluconazole failed to eradicate C. albicans and C. tropicalis. These pathogens were recovered from sputum and urine cultures, respectively, on day 12 of intravenous fluconazole therapy. Molecular epidemiologic techniques employing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the persistence of the same C. albicans strain. Susceptibility studies showed a marked change in MICs of fluconazole between 24 and 48 hr, with an increase from less-than-or-equal-to 1.25 to >80-mu-g/ml. Controlled trials will be needed to delineate the role of fluconazole in the treatment of disseminated candidiasis and its efficacy in comparison with amphotericin B. Amphotericin B should remain the drug of choice for such infections until data from controlled trials are available. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BLUMBERG, HM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 545 EP 547 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(92)90106-4 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JG245 UT WOS:A1992JG24500010 PM 1424508 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, MJ BRADLEY, DW KUO, G DIBISCEGLIE, AM HOUGHTON, M REYES, GR KIM, JP CHOO, QL ALTER, MJ AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, MJ BRADLEY, DW KUO, G DIBISCEGLIE, AM HOUGHTON, M REYES, GR KIM, JP CHOO, QL ALTER, MJ TI HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-ANTIGEN IN HEPATOCYTES - IMMUNOMORPHOLOGICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; EXPERIMENTAL NON-A; TRANSMITTED NON-A; VIRAL SEQUENCES; CHIMPANZEES; ANTIBODIES; INTERFERON; GENOME; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; THERAPY C1 CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA. NIDDKD,LIVER DIS SECT,BETHESDA,MD. GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. RP KRAWCZYNSKI, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,BLDG 6,ROOM 192,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 103 IS 2 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JF014 UT WOS:A1992JF01400035 PM 1378804 ER PT J AU MILLET, P CHIZZOLINI, C PIENIAZEK, NJ CHAROENVIT, Y NAKAMURA, K AIKAWA, M JONES, TR HOFFMAN, SL COLLINS, WE AF MILLET, P CHIZZOLINI, C PIENIAZEK, NJ CHAROENVIT, Y NAKAMURA, K AIKAWA, M JONES, TR HOFFMAN, SL COLLINS, WE TI A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY DIRECTED AGAINST THE SPOROZOITE STAGE OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX BINDS TO LIVER PARENCHYMAL-CELLS SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS-I; HEPATOCYTE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; GENE AB The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of malaria parasites is a major surface protein of the sporozoite stage. In the process of investigating the immunogenicity of this protein in the Plasmodium vivax complex, we found that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the CS protein of isolates of P. vivax recognizes New World monkey hepatocytes and human hepatoma cells HepG2A16 in Western blot and by immunoelectron microscopy. The mAb NVS3 binds to the amino acid sequence AGDR, which is also shared with the alpha3 domain of the human and primate major histocompatibility complex class I. In addition, in vitro experiments suggest that the binding of the mAb NVS3 to hepatocytes from Saimiri monkey enhances the invasion or development of malaria sporozoites. These results form the basis for investigating the relationships between parasite surface proteins and host-cell receptors. C1 USN,MED RES INST,DEPT INFECT DIS,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20814. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 33 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90075-Y PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA JP579 UT WOS:A1992JP57900012 PM 1428005 ER PT J AU DIETZ, V LEZANA, M SANCHO, CG MONTESANO, R AF DIETZ, V LEZANA, M SANCHO, CG MONTESANO, R TI PREDICTORS OF POLIOMYELITIS CASE CONFIRMATION AT INITIAL CLINICAL-EVALUATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION IN THE AMERICA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 1985, the Pan American Health Organization adopted the goal of eradication of poliomyelitis from the Americas by 1990. Strategies to accomplish this included high vaccination coverage, aggressive outbreak control, and active surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Although the sensitivity of AFP surveillance for detecting paralytic poliomyelitis cases is high, studies have shown the specificity to be low. In 1990, 2497 notified cases of AFP were investigated in the Americas of which 2146 had stool specimens collected. However, only 18 were confirmed as poliomyelitis by isolation of wild poliovirus from stool specimens, 71 were classified as being compatible with poliomyelitis. Cases of AFP due to causes other than poliomyelitis result in extensive but unnecessary outbreak control measures. To predict, at initial clinical evaluation, the likelihood of future confirmation as a case of poliomyelitis, likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated for different combinations of clinical characteristics of AFP cases (249) from Mexico in 1989 and 1990. The best predictors in a child with AFP were proximal muscle involvement which progressed '4 days together with fever at onset of paralysis, and proximal and unilateral involvement with either fever at onset or paralysis which progressed '4 days. The odds would increase by 12 that the child would eventually be confirmed as poliomyelitis (19), based on a stool culture positive for wild poliovirus (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6-55.9). A guide for use in the field is proposed whereby local health officials, often with little training in neurological evaluation, can predict at initial clinical examination the likelihood that an AFP case will subsequently be confirmed as poliomyelitis. Such a guide can aid in both the rapid determination of appropriate outbreak control measures and in prioritizing limited national resources. C1 SECRETARIAT HLTH,GEN DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL,DIRECT INFORMAT & EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DIETZ, V (reprint author), PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZAT,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 800 EP 806 DI 10.1093/ije/21.4.800 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KP531 UT WOS:A1992KP53100024 PM 1521986 ER PT J AU CONWAY, GA AMBROSE, TJ CHASE, E HOOPER, EY HELGERSON, SD JOHANNES, P EPSTEIN, MR MCRAE, BA MUNN, VP KEEVAMA, L RAYMOND, SA SCHABLE, CA SATTEN, GA PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ AF CONWAY, GA AMBROSE, TJ CHASE, E HOOPER, EY HELGERSON, SD JOHANNES, P EPSTEIN, MR MCRAE, BA MUNN, VP KEEVAMA, L RAYMOND, SA SCHABLE, CA SATTEN, GA PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ TI HIV-INFECTION IN AMERICAN-INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES - SURVEYS IN THE INDIAN HEALTH-SERVICE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; AMERICAN INDIANS; ALASKA NATIVES ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASES; PREVALENCE; SYPHILIS; EPIDEMIC; WOMEN AB A network of surveys of HIV seroprevalence in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) was begun in 1989. From July 1, 1989 through June 30, 1991, 37,681 serologic specimens were collected from prenatal and sexually transmitted disease patients in 58 facilities operated or funded by the Indian Health Service. Specimens from AI/AN women receiving initial prenatal care showed an overall HIV prevalence of 0.3/1,000, while specimens obtained during the third trimester of pregnancy showed an overall prevalence of 1.0/1,000. The rate for rural third trimester prenatal patients (0.9/1,000) was similar to that for urban patients (1.1/1,000). HIV rates among third trimester AI/AN patients in three western states were 4 to 8 times higher than rates observed in childbearing women of all races in those states. The overall HIV seroprevalence in AI/AN seeking care for sexually transmitted diseases was 4.5/1,000 for males (urban 10.8/1,000; rural 2.0/1,000) and 0.7/1,000 for females (urban 0.9/1,000; rural 0.6/1,000). Approximately 1,210 to 4,250 (midpoint of range = 2,730) AI/AN in the U.S. are projected from survey findings to be currently infected with HIV. The presence of HIV in multiple specimens from rural areas and the similarity of HIV infection rates for female patients from rural and urban locations provides evidence of diffusion of the HIV epidemic to rural AI/AN, and emphasizes the need for effective HIV prevention for this population. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,CTR CLIN SUPPORT,PHOENIX,AZ. INDIAN HLTH SERV,AIDS PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. INDIAN HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. PHOENIX INDIAN MED CTR,CLIN LAB,PHOENIX,AZ. RP CONWAY, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 8 BP 803 EP 809 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JE582 UT WOS:A1992JE58200006 PM 1517965 ER PT J AU MCCOMBS, SB MCCRAY, E WENDELL, DA SWEENEY, PA ONORATO, IM AF MCCOMBS, SB MCCRAY, E WENDELL, DA SWEENEY, PA ONORATO, IM TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV-1 INFECTION IN BISEXUAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION; VIRUS; AIDS RP MCCOMBS, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 8 BP 850 EP 852 DI 10.1097/00126334-199208000-00016 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JE582 UT WOS:A1992JE58200016 PM 1517973 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL JORGENSEN, JH HARDY, DJ ALLEN, SD BAKER, CN AF BARRY, AL JORGENSEN, JH HARDY, DJ ALLEN, SD BAKER, CN TI HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE ATCC-49766, AN ALTERNATIVE QUALITY-CONTROL STRAIN FOR MONITORING BROTH MICRODILUTION SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS WITH SELECTED BETA-LACTAMS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae is currently used for quality control of broth microdilution tests performed with Haemophilus test medium (HTM). Studies with eight lots of HTM broth documented the fact that MIC limits for some antimicrobial agents are unrealistically stringent; i.e., only three of eight lots of HTM broth were satisfactory for testing cefaclor. An alternative, ampicillin-susceptible strain of H. influenzae (ATCC 49766) was found to provide much more reproducible results with five problematic drugs (cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefamandole, loracarbef, and cefonicid). Multilaboratory studies defined MIC control limits for both control strains tested against 12 antimicrobial agents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ANTIMICROB INVEST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46223. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2033 EP 2037 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JD594 UT WOS:A1992JD59400024 PM 1500511 ER PT J AU FIELDS, PI POPOVIC, T WACHSMUTH, K OLSVIK, O AF FIELDS, PI POPOVIC, T WACHSMUTH, K OLSVIK, O TI USE OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DETECTION OF TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE 01 STRAINS FROM THE LATIN-AMERICAN CHOLERA EPIDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY; AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOXIN GENES; DNA AB In January 1991, an outbreak of cholera started in Peru and spread throughout most of Latin America within 8 months. As of March 1992, over 450,000 cases and approximately 4,000 deaths have been reported to the Pan American Health Organization. The causative organism is toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 of the El Tor biotype and is distinct from the U.S. Gulf Coast strains. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that amplifies a 564-bp fragment of the cholera toxin A subunit gene (ctxA) was used to identify toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains. A total of 150 V. cholerae O1 isolates were tested. They were of unknown toxin status, were associated with recent outbreaks, and were isolated from patients, food, and water. One hundred forty isolates were found to be toxigenic both by PCR and the routine diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirty-eight known toxigenic strains isolated worldwide from 1921 to 1991 were also positive in the PCR. A collection of 18 nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains, 35 Escherichia coli heat-labile-enterotoxin-I-producing strains, 26 Campylobacter strains, and 8 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, previously reported to produce cholera toxin-like toxin, were all negative in the ctxA PCR. We conclude that this PCR is a diagnostic method that specifically detects toxin genes in V. cholerae O1 strains in a reference laboratory. It is more rapid and less cumbersome than other diagnostic methods for detection of toxicity in these strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 159 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2118 EP 2121 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JD594 UT WOS:A1992JD59400041 PM 1500520 ER PT J AU FUCHS, PC BARRY, AL BAKER, CN MURRAY, PR WASHINGTON, JA AF FUCHS, PC BARRY, AL BAKER, CN MURRAY, PR WASHINGTON, JA TI PROPOSED INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR TESTING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO BETA-LACTAM CLAVULANATE COMBINATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PROCAINE PENICILLIN; AMOXYCILLIN; AUGMENTIN; ACID; MEN AB To support future clinical studies, in vitro susceptibility tests were examined to determine whether Neisseria gonorrhoeae could be tested reliably against two 13-lactam-clavulanate combinations. All isolates that were tested appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin and ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid. In the absence of resistant isolates, only a breakpoint for a susceptible category could be defined for agar dilution tests with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (MIC of less-than-or-equal-to 2.0/1.0-mu-g/ml is tentatively proposed). For disk diffusion tests, a corresponding breakpoint zone diameter of greater-than-or-equal-to 28 mm is suggested. The validity of the breakpoints for penicillinase-negative penicillin-resistant strains awaits clinical data. Proposed quality control limits for testing amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by agar dilution and disk diffusion methods are a MIC of 0.25/0.125 to 1.0/0.5-mu-g/ml and zones of 30 to 40 mm in diameter for N. gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226, a MIC of 0.125/0.06 to 0.5/0.25-mu-g/ml for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and zones of 30 to 38 mm for S. aureus ATCC 25923. Ticarcillin-clavulanate is currently tested against other species by preparing doubling dilutions of ticarcillin with a constant 2-mu-g of clavulanate per ml. By that method, all gonococci were susceptible to low concentrations. However, the amount of clavulanic acid that is included (2-mu-g/ml) will, by itself, inhibit many strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Consequently, the role of ticarcillin in the combination cannot be determined, and such tests are not recommended. C1 CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,TUALATIN,OR 97062. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. RP FUCHS, PC (reprint author), ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2191 EP 2194 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JD594 UT WOS:A1992JD59400057 PM 1500533 ER PT J AU HJELLE, B MILLS, R GOLDSMITH, C SWENSON, SG CYRUS, S AF HJELLE, B MILLS, R GOLDSMITH, C SWENSON, SG CYRUS, S TI PRIMARY ISOLATION OF HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II - USE FOR CONFIRMING INFECTION IN SEROINDETERMINATE BLOOD-DONORS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE MYELOPATHY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INDIVIDUALS; ANTIBODIES; PATIENT AB We describe the use of an immunofluorescence assay and coculture to confirm human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 of 32 seropositive donors were positive in the immunofluorescence assay, and 63% of their cocultures produced p24 antigen. Specific antibodies distinguished HTLV type I (HTLV-I) from HTLV-II. HTLV-I or HTLV-II was isolated from donors with indeterminate serologic test results. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNITED BLOOD SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BLOOD SYST CENT LAB,SCOTTSDALE,AZ 85257. RP HJELLE, B (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [IRO1 CA55840] NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2195 EP 2199 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JD594 UT WOS:A1992JD59400058 PM 1500534 ER PT J AU DUNN, BE MONSON, TP DUMLER, JS MORRIS, CC WESTBROOK, AB DUNCAN, JL DAWSON, JE SIMS, KG ANDERSON, BE AF DUNN, BE MONSON, TP DUMLER, JS MORRIS, CC WESTBROOK, AB DUNCAN, JL DAWSON, JE SIMS, KG ANDERSON, BE TI IDENTIFICATION OF EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS MORULAE IN CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID MONONUCLEAR-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; HUMANS; CANIS AB We report a case of ehrlichiosis in a 72-year-old man who developed extreme lethargy, acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis, and respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation. Lumbar puncture performed on the second day of hospitalization revealed significant cellular pleocytosis. Ehrlichia morulae were tentatively identified in mononuclear cells in routinely processed Wright-stained cytospin preparations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Identification was confirmed by a specific immunocytochemical staining procedure. Subsequent identification specifically as Ehrlichia chaffeensis morulae was established by polymerase chain reaction analysis, which revealed E. chaffeensis-specific DNA in CSF, bone marrow, and blood samples; by indirect fluorescent-antibody analysis, the patient developed an antibody titer of 32,768 against E. chaffeensis antigen. The patient responded to intravenous therapy with doxycycline and dexamethasone. Subsequently, neurologic, hematologic, renal, and pulmonary status had returned to baseline at follow-up 12 weeks after admission. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of E. chaffeensis morulae in CSF cells in an infected patient. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,JOHN L MCCLELLAM MEM VET HOSP,INFECT DIS SECT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT MED,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,GALVESTON,TX 77550. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DEPT VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DUNN, BE (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,JOHN L MCCLELLAM MEM VET HOSP,LAB SERV,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 15 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2207 EP 2210 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JD594 UT WOS:A1992JD59400061 PM 1500537 ER PT J AU SMITH, JS ORCIARI, LA YAGER, PA SEIDEL, HD WARNER, CK AF SMITH, JS ORCIARI, LA YAGER, PA SEIDEL, HD WARNER, CK TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG 87 RABIES VIRUS ISOLATES AS DETERMINED BY LIMITED SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; ANTIBODY; GENOME AB Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 200-bp region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene of rabies virus differentiated unique genetic groups of rabies virus from samples collected in areas where dog rabies is enzootic in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Patterns of nucleotide sequence identified for an outbreak area were conserved in samples collected over three decades. Epidemiologic relationships among isolates were determined by patterns of conserved nucleotide sequence, and the degree of sequence divergence between samples from separate outbreak areas were measured. This approach suggested that a historical reconstruction of events leading to the introduction of rabies into an area would be possible. In this broader view of rabies epidemiology, the cultural legacy of European exploration and colonization may have also included zoonotic disease. RP SMITH, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RABIES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 202 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 166 IS 2 BP 296 EP 307 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JE578 UT WOS:A1992JE57800011 PM 1634801 ER PT J AU PINNER, RW ONYANGO, F PERKINS, BA MIRZA, NB NGACHA, DM REEVES, M DEWITT, W NJERU, E AGATA, NN BROOME, CV AF PINNER, RW ONYANGO, F PERKINS, BA MIRZA, NB NGACHA, DM REEVES, M DEWITT, W NJERU, E AGATA, NN BROOME, CV TI EPIDEMIC MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN NAIROBI, KENYA, 1989 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS AB An epidemic of meningococcal disease occurred in Nairobi, Kenya, during 1989, outside the "meningitis belt" of sub-Saharan Africa. About 3800 cases occurred between April and November (250/100,000 population). The case-fatality rate was 9.4% among hospitalized patients. Areas that included Nairobi's largest slums had particularly high attack rates. The epidemic displayed an unusual age distribution, with high attack rates among those 20-29 years old. A vaccination campaign was conducted. By early January, the weekly case count had fallen to 25 from a high of 272 (in September). A case-control study estimated the vaccine efficacy to be 87% (95% confidence interval, 67%-95%). A model estimated that the vaccination campaign reduced the number of cases by at least 20%. Multilocus enzyme electrophoretic typing demonstrated that the strain responsible for this large epidemic is closely related to strains that caused other recent epidemics, documenting further spread of what may be a particularly virulent clonal complex of group A Neisseria meningitidis. C1 UNIV NAIROBI,COLL HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV NAIROBI,COLL HLTH SCI,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,NAIROBI,KENYA. KENYATTA NATL HOSP,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP PINNER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 166 IS 2 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JE578 UT WOS:A1992JE57800019 PM 1634807 ER PT J AU BOULOS, R RUFF, AJ NAHMIAS, A HOLT, E HARRISON, L MAGDER, L WIKTOR, SZ QUINN, TC MARGOLIS, H HALSEY, NA AF BOULOS, R RUFF, AJ NAHMIAS, A HOLT, E HARRISON, L MAGDER, L WIKTOR, SZ QUINN, TC MARGOLIS, H HALSEY, NA TI HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-2 INFECTION, SYPHILIS, AND HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION IN HAITIAN WOMEN WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 AND HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; HIV-1; AIDS AB Antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc), and VDRL antibodies (serologic evidence of syphilis) were evaluated in women known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (n = 95) or human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)(n = 45) and controls (n = 89). HIV-1-seropositive women were more likely than controls to have antibodies to HSV-2 (88% vs. 54%; P < .001), anti-HBc (67% vs. 43%; P = .008), and VDRL antibodies (21% vs. 8%; P = .02). Similarly, HTLV-I-seropositive women were more likely than controls to have antibodies to HSV-2 (82% vs. 54%; P = .003) and anti-HBc (67% vs. 43%; P = .008). There was no evidence that HIV-1 or HTLV-I predisposed to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The stronger associations between HIV-1 and HTLV-I with HSV-2 than the associations with syphilis or HBV are consistent with the hypothesis that recurrent disruptions of mucous membranes caused by HSV-2 infections predispose to sexual transmission of HIV-1 and HTLV-I. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT INT HLTH, 615 N WOLFE ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. NIAID, IMMUNOREGULAT LAB, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NCI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. EMORY UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26521] NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 166 IS 2 BP 418 EP 420 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JE578 UT WOS:A1992JE57800027 PM 1321862 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA SCHUCHAT, A AF JACKSON, LA SCHUCHAT, A TI REPORTING OF TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID SURVEILLANCE RP JACKSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 166 IS 2 BP 445 EP 445 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JE578 UT WOS:A1992JE57800034 PM 1321864 ER PT J AU HYAMS, KC MCCARTHY, MC KAUR, M PURDY, MA BRADLEY, DW MANSOUR, MM GRAY, S WATTS, DM CARL, M AF HYAMS, KC MCCARTHY, MC KAUR, M PURDY, MA BRADLEY, DW MANSOUR, MM GRAY, S WATTS, DM CARL, M TI ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS-E IN CHILDREN LIVING IN CAIRO, EGYPT SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRAL HEPATITIS; ACUTE HEPATITIS; NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS-E ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; EPIDEMIC NON-A; TRANSMITTED NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VIRUS; ETIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; ADULTS; WATER AB Seventy-three pediatric patients with acute hepatitis and 19 control patients without liver disease living in Cairo, Egypt, were evaluated with a newly developed Western blot assay for IgM antibody to hepatitis E virus (IgM anti-HEV). The mean age of acute hepatitis patients was 6.4 years (range, 1-13 years); 56% were male. Among the 73 acute cases, hepatitis A was diagnosed in 30 (41%), possible acute hepatitis B in three (4%), hepatitis E in nine (12%), and by exclusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis in 29 (40%). Two additional acute cases were positive for both IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV. None of the 19 control subjects had IgM anti-HEV. Parenteral risk factors were associated with cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis but were not associated with acute hepatitis E. Contact with a family member with jaundice was associated with acute hepatitis A. In contrast to prior epidemics of enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis, HEV was found to be a common cause of acute hepatitis in a pediatric population. This study provides additional evidence that HEV may be a frequent cause of acute sporadic hepatitis among children living in some developing countries. C1 NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. USN, MED RES UNIT 3, CAIRO, EGYPT. CTR DIS CONTROL, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP HYAMS, KC (reprint author), USN, MED RES INST, DIV EPIDEMIOL, 12300 WASHINGTON AVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 37 IS 4 BP 274 EP 277 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890370407 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA JG922 UT WOS:A1992JG92200006 PM 1402826 ER PT J AU GROEN, J DALRYMPLE, J FISHERHOCH, S JORDANS, JGM CLEMENT, JP OSTERHAUS, ADME AF GROEN, J DALRYMPLE, J FISHERHOCH, S JORDANS, JGM CLEMENT, JP OSTERHAUS, ADME TI SERUM ANTIBODIES TO STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF HANTAVIRUS ARISE AT DIFFERENT TIMES AFTER INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PUUMALA VIRUS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; IGM AND IGG IN HFRS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VIRUS; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; SEROTYPES; HANTAAN AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantification of serum antibodies against group-specific epitopes of the glycoproteins (G1, G2) and nucleoprotein (NP) of the genus Hantavirus. This assay was used to study the kinetics of the development of serum antibodies after natural infection with Puumala-like virus in humans. To this end a panel of 34 serum samples collected from individuals at different times after natural infection was tested by the ELISA. The samples were also tested for specific IgM and IgG levels against Puumala-like virus, which provided confirmatory data about the presumed timing of infection. It was shown that serum antibodies against the G1 epitope were present in the acute and early convalescent period just before antibodies to the NP epitope could be demonstrated. In contrast, antibodies to two G2 epitopes were present not earlier than in the convalescent and late convalescent period. Since all these categories of antibodies seem to persist for long periods, antibodies against the G1 epitope and the NP epitope may be of specific diagnostic value. Furthermore, levels of G1-specific antibodies and antibodies to either NP or G2 may allow estimation of the time elapsed following initial infection. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,IMMUNOL LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. MED SPECTRUM TWENTE,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ENSCHEDE,NETHERLANDS. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT VIRAL BIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. MIL HOSP BRUSSELS,B-1120 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 37 IS 4 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890370409 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA JG922 UT WOS:A1992JG92200008 PM 1357082 ER PT J AU ROSCOE, RJ STEENLAND, K MCCAMMON, CS SCHOBER, SE ROBINSON, CF HALPERIN, WE FINGERHUT, MA AF ROSCOE, RJ STEENLAND, K MCCAMMON, CS SCHOBER, SE ROBINSON, CF HALPERIN, WE FINGERHUT, MA TI COLON AND STOMACH-CANCER MORTALITY AMONG AUTOMOTIVE WOOD MODEL MAKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; COLORECTAL-CANCER; RISK; PATTERN; WOODWORKERS; STATISTICS; WORKERS; POLYPS; COHORT AB Automotive wood model makers have been reported to be at excess risk for colon and other cancers in recent epidemiologic studies. To further explore these risks, we conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study, with follow-up from 1940 through 1984, of 2294 white male wood model makers employed at any time until 1980 by three US auto makers. Using US mortality rates for comparison, we found elevated standardized mortality ratios of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8-1.9) for colon cancer and 1.6 (95% CI, 0.9-2.6) for stomach cancer. We also conducted nested case-control studies for 20 colon and 17 stomach cancer cases and 543 age-matched controls. We found no trend of increased risk for colon or stomach cancer mortality with increased exposure to wood dust or to duration employed in wood model making. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DENVER,CO. NIDA,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP ROSCOE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,R-15,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 8 BP 759 EP 768 DI 10.1097/00043764-199208000-00007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JJ219 UT WOS:A1992JJ21900003 ER PT J AU EMONT, SL CUMMINGS, KM AF EMONT, SL CUMMINGS, KM TI USING A LOW-COST, PRIZE-DRAWING INCENTIVE TO IMPROVE RECRUITMENT RATE AT A WORK-SITE SMOKING CESSATION CLINIC SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPACT; COMPETITION; PROGRAMS AB A major obstacle in promoting smoking cessation programs through work sites is recruiting adequate numbers of smokers. We used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effect of a low-cost incentive (a prize drawing) for attracting participants to a smoking cessation clinic offered at multiple work sites. Sixty-eight automobile dealerships were randomized to either a "prize" or control group. Smokers employed at work sites in the prize group were offered a chance to win a dinner for two for participating in a smoking cessation clinic. In November 1986, a questionnaire assessing tobacco use habits was sent to 3432 employees of the 68 work sites. A cohort of 844 smokers was identified from a total of 1986 employees who returned surveys. All smokers received registration materials to participate, free of charge, in one of three smoking cessation programs held in June 1987. The overall employee participation rate in the smoking cessation program was 6.6% (n = 56) with an overall work-site participation rate of 37.3% (n = 25). The rate was nearly identical in the "prize" and control groups (employee rate. 6.3% versus 6.7%; work-site rate: 39.4% versus 35.3%, respectively). C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ROSWELL PK MEM INST,DEPT CANC CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL,BUFFALO,NY 14263. RP EMONT, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 8 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1097/00043764-199208000-00009 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JJ219 UT WOS:A1992JJ21900005 PM 1506933 ER PT J AU ORGEL, DL MILLIRON, MJ FREDERICK, LJ AF ORGEL, DL MILLIRON, MJ FREDERICK, LJ TI MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORT IN GROCERY EXPRESS CHECKSTAND WORKERS - AN ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION STUDY SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB An intervention study of cashiers at a large grocery store was begun in response to employee symptoms of musculoskeletal discomfort, primarily shoulder, neck, and upper back pain, after introduction of a new express checkstand. The grocery company then instituted workplace changes directed at reducing stressful postures and the discomfort in the anatomical sites of primary concern. These changes were placement of a physical barrier to reduce trunk flexion from overreaching, installation of an adjustable keyboard to reduce static shoulder stress, and education of employees about good workplace practices to reduce musculoskeletal stress and fatigue. There was a statistically significant reduction in neck, upper back, or shoulder discomfort but not arm, forearm, or wrist discomfort. There was also a significant reduction in employee use of medication and days to recovery from discomfort but not in overall number of employees with symptoms or in hours able to operate the checkstand without discomfort. We found that ergonomic interventions, directed to the anatomical site of greatest employee concern, are likely to be effective, that employees were a good source of information on the ergonomic problems and solutions in their workplace, but that the overall approach must be iterative to achieve the maximum effect. C1 NIOSH,DEPT BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SURVELLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV BIOCHEM,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 34 IS 8 BP 815 EP 818 DI 10.1097/00043764-199208000-00017 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JJ219 UT WOS:A1992JJ21900013 PM 1506940 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF ROWE, T MURPHEYCORB, M HENEINE, WM SCHABLE, CA GEORGE, JR PAU, CP PAREKH, BS LAIRMORE, MD CURRAN, JW KAPLAN, JE SCHOCHETMAN, G FOLKS, TM AF KHABBAZ, RF ROWE, T MURPHEYCORB, M HENEINE, WM SCHABLE, CA GEORGE, JR PAU, CP PAREKH, BS LAIRMORE, MD CURRAN, JW KAPLAN, JE SCHOCHETMAN, G FOLKS, TM TI SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS NEEDLESTICK ACCIDENT IN A LABORATORY WORKER SO LANCET LA English DT Note AB The macaque monkey infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is an animal model of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We investigated a laboratory worker who was exposed by needlestick accident to blood from an SIV-infected macaque. Seroreactivity to SIV developed within 3 months of exposure, with antibody titres peaking from the third to the fifth month and declining thereafter. Polymerase chain reaction for SIV sequences and cultures of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells failed to show infection. Inoculation of an SIV-negative monkey with blood from the worker did not cause infection. Animal-care and laboratory workers should adhere strictly to recommended procedures to avoid accidental exposures when working with SIV-infected animals or specimens. C1 TULANE UNIV,DELTA REG PRIMATE RES CTR,COVINGTON,LA 70433. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MS-G03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 1 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8814 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92358-M PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JG665 UT WOS:A1992JG66500005 PM 1353193 ER PT J AU RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH WILD, DK REASONER, DJ AF RICE, EW JOHNSON, CH WILD, DK REASONER, DJ TI SURVIVAL OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157 - H7 IN DRINKING-WATER ASSOCIATED WITH A WATERBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK OF HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Survival characteristics were similar for two strains of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and a typical indicator strain of E. coli in a portable ground water source. Die-off was more rapid at 20-degrees-C than at 5-degrees-C. There was no significant difference among the rates of survival for the strains examined. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 7 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 15 IS 2 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1992.tb00719.x PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JG791 UT WOS:A1992JG79100002 ER PT J AU DHINGRA, K KURZROCK, R KANTARJIAN, H BAINE, R EASTMAN, PS KU, S GUTTERMAN, JU TALPAZ, M AF DHINGRA, K KURZROCK, R KANTARJIAN, H BAINE, R EASTMAN, PS KU, S GUTTERMAN, JU TALPAZ, M TI MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN INTERFERON-TREATED CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA - RESULTS AND PITFALLS OF ANALYSIS BASED ON POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; CHROMOSOME-POSITIVE LEUKEMIAS; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; PHILADELPHIA-CHROMOSOME; BCR/ABL TRANSCRIPTS; DNA-SEQUENCE; REMISSION; ASSAY AB Therapy with interferon-alpha results in complete cytogenetic remission in 15-20% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Even during prolonged clinical follow-up, most of these patients do not relapse. However, because of the limited sensitivity of cytogenetic techniques (almost-equal-to 5%) and Southern blots (almost-equal-to 1 %), it is uncertain whether the residual malignant clone becomes extinct or persists below the limit of detection in these patients. We used polymerase chain reaction to amplify the chimeric BCR-ABL transcripts in 18 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia who became Ph1 chromosome negative while receiving treatment with interferon-alpha, either alone or in combination with interferon-gamma. At the time of study, these patients had been Ph1-negative for a median of 22+ months. Fifteen patients were positive for residual BCR-ABL transcripts. No residual BCR-ABL message was detected on analysis of multiple serial samples in three patients. In order to confirm these results, the samples from these three patients, along with positive and negative controls, were analyzed by two independent laboratories in a blinded fashion. In the first laboratory, RNA specimens from all three patients were considered negative using chemiluminescent acidinium-ester-labeled probes. In the second laboratory, samples from all three patients were also negative by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, when a second round of amplification was carried out on the amplified samples using a different combination of primers, samples from two of the three patients were positive. The results confirm the presence of a small proportion of BCR-ABL-positive cells in the majority of patients who are in complete remission and highlight some of the potential problems of PCR-based analysis. There is a need to standardize PCR methodology and potential confounding factors need to be addressed before PCR can be generally applied to analysis of minimal residual disease in CML. The implications of BCR-ABL positivity for these patients are discussed. C1 GEN PROBE INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,DEPT CLIN IMMUNOL & BIOL THERAPY,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,DEPT HEMATOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DHINGRA, K (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,DEPT MED ONCOL,1515 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD AUG PY 1992 VL 6 IS 8 BP 754 EP 760 PG 7 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA JJ507 UT WOS:A1992JJ50700002 PM 1640725 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, RS NWANYANWU, OC SELIK, RM STEHRGREEN, JK AF JANSSEN, RS NWANYANWU, OC SELIK, RM STEHRGREEN, JK TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; CLINICAL-FEATURES; INFECTION; MANIFESTATIONS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB To investigate the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, we analyzed cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) from September 1, 1987, through August 31, 1991. Of 144,184 persons with AIDS (PWAs), 10,553 (7.3%) were reported to have HIV encephalopathy. The proportion of PWAs with HIV encephalopathy was highest at the extremes of age: in PWAs <15 years old the proportion was 13%, and in PWAs greater-than-or-equal-to 15 years old the proportion progressively increased with age, from 6% in PWAs 15 to 34 years old to 19% in PWAs greater-than-or-equal-to 75 years old (p = 0.00001, chi-2 test for linear trend in proportions). The reported annual incidence of HIV encephalopathy per 100,000 population aged 20 to 59 years was 1.4 in 1988, 1.5 in 1989, and 1.9 in 1990. This analysis best provides estimates for HIV encephalopathy as the initial manifestation of AIDS because thc CDC AIDS reporting system often does not ascertain diagnoses after the initial AIDS report. These data suggest that age (very young or old) is associated with the development of HIV encephalopathy and that HIV encephalopathy is a common cause of dementia in adults <60 years old in the United States. RP JANSSEN, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS E46,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 177 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG PY 1992 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1472 EP 1476 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JH221 UT WOS:A1992JH22100006 PM 1641138 ER PT J AU LENNON, D GELLIN, B HOOD, D VOSS, L HEFFERNAN, H THAKUR, S AF LENNON, D GELLIN, B HOOD, D VOSS, L HEFFERNAN, H THAKUR, S TI SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTION IN A GROUP-A MENINGOCOCCAL OUTBREAK IN AUCKLAND, NEW-ZEALAND SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GROUP-A MENINGOCOCCAL OUTBREAK; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; NEW-ZEALAND; VACCINE INTERVENTION; VACCINE EFFICACY IN INFANTS ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; EPIDEMIC; MENINGITIS; DISEASE; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; INFANTS; FEATURES; SUDAN; AGE AB During two consecutive winter seasons (1985 and 1986) Auckland, New Zealand, experienced epidemic rates of Group A meningococcal disease, a pattern not previously recognized in New Zealand. The overall rate was 8.3/100 000/year. The highest annual rate (64.7) occurred in children 0 to 23 months of age. A city-wide vaccine campaign commencing in May, 1987, was conducted over 6 weeks among children 3 months to 13 years of age with special emphasis on reaching populations at highest risk (Maori and Pacific Island Polynesian children in certain geographic regions of Auckland). Children from 2 to 13 years of age received a single dose of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine. Children ages 3 to 23 months received two doses at least 1 month apart. Overall almost-equal-to 130 000 doses were delivered; coverage was approximately 90% in the single dose target group. Among the younger children approximately 89% received the primary dose. Only approximately 26% received the recommended "booster" dose. After 2 1/2 years of active surveillance (1987 to 1989) there were no cases of invasive Group A meningococcal disease in children appropriately vaccinated for age. In contrast to this 100% efficacy the efficacy of a single dose of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine to prevent illness in the youngest children during the 1987 epidemic period was 52% (95% confidence interval (-330%, 95%)) falling to 16% (95% confidence interval, (-538%, 90%)) after 1 year. Four cases that occurred in infants 3 to 7 weeks before the scheduled "booster" campaign supports limited true efficacy. However, the prescribed 1 to 3-month interval between the two doses in infants may be too long. Disease persisted in the unvaccinated population through 1988. The vaccine program seems to be the most likely reason the epidemic subsided especially in the population most at risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AUCKLAND AREA HLTH BOARD,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. NEW ZEALAND COMMUN DIS CTR,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP LENNON, D (reprint author), SCH MED,DEPT PAEDIAT,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 617 EP 623 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JH967 UT WOS:A1992JH96700005 PM 1523071 ER PT J AU NESHEIM, S LEE, F SAWYER, M JONES, D LINDSAY, M SLADE, B SHAFFER, N HOLMES, R ASHBY, R GRIMES, V ROGERS, M CZERKINSKY, C NAHMIAS, A AF NESHEIM, S LEE, F SAWYER, M JONES, D LINDSAY, M SLADE, B SHAFFER, N HOLMES, R ASHBY, R GRIMES, V ROGERS, M CZERKINSKY, C NAHMIAS, A TI DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION BY ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSPOT ASSAYS IN A PROSPECTIVELY FOLLOWED COHORT OF INFANTS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSPOT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFANTS; DIAGNOSIS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TYPE-1 ANTIGENEMIA; CHILDREN; LYMPHOCYTES; MOTHERS AB The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), a method for quantifying specific and total antibody-secreting cells, was used for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a prospectively followed cohort of infants born to HIV-infected women. From July 1, 1987, to June 1, 1990, 127 infants with known HIV infection status were studied. Seventeen of 22 HIV-infected infants had specific HIV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Among the infected infants rates of ASC positivity increased during the first year of life, from 25% in the first 5 days of life to 78% after 6 months. Two of the five ASC-negative infected infants were further characterized as hypo- or dysgammaglobulinemic by an adjunct ELISPOT assay for total immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Excluding hypo- or dysgammaglobulinemic infants from the analysis, the rate of ASC positivity among infected infants was 85% (17 of 20) after the age of 6 months. None of the 95 uninfected infants had a positive ELISPOT assay, including 55 who were tested in the first 3 months of life. Thus in this series the specificity was 100%. ELISPOT methodology can be a useful technique for the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants of HIV-seropositive mothers. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP NESHEIM, S (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. RI CZERKINSKY, CECIL/G-6520-2015 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03-AI30963]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-7-2925]; PHS HHS [646/CCU404456-02] NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 635 EP 639 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JH967 UT WOS:A1992JH96700008 PM 1523074 ER PT J AU SLOAS, MM BARRETT, FF CHESNEY, PJ ENGLISH, BK HILL, BC TENOVER, FC LEGGIADRO, RJ AF SLOAS, MM BARRETT, FF CHESNEY, PJ ENGLISH, BK HILL, BC TENOVER, FC LEGGIADRO, RJ TI CEPHALOSPORIN TREATMENT FAILURE IN PENICILLIN-RESISTANT AND CEPHALOSPORIN-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE MENINGITIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; THERAPY; CHLORAMPHENICOL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTICS; ORGANISM; PATTERNS C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, LEBONHEUR CHILDRENS MED CTR, DIV INFECT DIS, 848 ADAMS, MEMPHIS, TN 38103 USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38101 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA 21775] NR 39 TC 246 Z9 248 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 8 BP 662 EP 666 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JH967 UT WOS:A1992JH96700013 PM 1523079 ER PT J AU CHOO, QL KUO, G WEINER, A WANG, KS OVERBY, L BRADLEY, D HOUGHTON, M AF CHOO, QL KUO, G WEINER, A WANG, KS OVERBY, L BRADLEY, D HOUGHTON, M TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAJOR, PARENTERAL NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS AGENT (HEPATITIS-C VIRUS) USING A RECOMBINANT CDNA APPROACH SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CHIMPANZEES; POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CROSS-CHALLENGE; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES C1 CHIRON CORP,4560 HORTON ST,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 115 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1007399 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JU162 UT WOS:A1992JU16200006 PM 1332193 ER PT J AU REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW LOVETT, M AF REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW LOVETT, M TI NEW STRATEGIES FOR ISOLATION OF LOW ABUNDANCE VIRAL AND HOST CDNAS - APPLICATION TO CLONING OF THE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS AND ANALYSIS OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; C VIRUS; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MESSENGER-RNA; GENOME; DNA; SEQUENCES; LIBRARY C1 GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA. GENELABS INC,DEPT HUMAN GENET,REDWOOD CITY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R44 HG00508, R01 HG00368] NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1055/s-2008-1040398 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JU162 UT WOS:A1992JU16200007 PM 1439880 ER PT J AU CLIFF, AD HAGGETT, P STROUP, DF CHENEY, E AF CLIFF, AD HAGGETT, P STROUP, DF CHENEY, E TI THE CHANGING GEOGRAPHICAL COHERENCE OF MEASLES MORBIDITY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1962-88 SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Geographical coherence may be defined as the degree to which the behaviour of a time series in one geographical area corresponds with the time series behaviour in another. This paper illustrates the concept using the epidemiological time series of reported monthly measles morbidity for the states of the United States for the 27 years from January 1962 to December 1988. Over this period, as measles morbidity has declined in response to vaccination campaigns, and as the seasonal peaking of the disease in late spring has become less pronounced, the geographical coherence has altered at the national, divisional, regional and state levels. There was a steady decline in coherence from 1962 to 1980. In 1981, a dramatic reduction occurred, but there has been some recovery since. The implications for spatial forecasting models of these reducing levels of coherence are discussed. C1 UNIV BRISTOL,DEPT GEOG,BRISTOL BS8 1SS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP CLIFF, AD (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT GEOG,DOWNING PL,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EN,ENGLAND. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1409 EP 1424 DI 10.1002/sim.4780111102 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA JN614 UT WOS:A1992JN61400001 PM 1410957 ER PT J AU SMITH, PJ HADGU, A AF SMITH, PJ HADGU, A TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY FOR CORRELATED OBSERVATIONS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS AB A general estimating equation approach is used to obtain estimates of sensitivity and specificity when the data consist of correlated binary outcomes. First order approximations to the variances of estimated sensitivity and specificity for prospective and retrospective studies are given. Data from a dental study are used to motivate and illustrate the methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SMITH, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,STAT SECT,MAIL STOP K-10,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1002/sim.4780111108 PG 7 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA JN614 UT WOS:A1992JN61400007 PM 1410962 ER PT J AU YANG, CF DE, LN YANG, SJ GOMEZ, JR CRUZ, JR HOLLOWAY, BP PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM AF YANG, CF DE, LN YANG, SJ GOMEZ, JR CRUZ, JR HOLLOWAY, BP PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM TI GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC INVITRO AMPLIFICATION OF SEQUENCES OF THE WILD TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUSES FROM MEXICO AND GUATEMALA SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE WILD POLIOVIRUSES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; INVITRO AMPLIFICATION; WILD GENOTYPE DETECTION AB The extensive nucleotide sequence heterogeneity among independent genotypes of wild polioviruses permits the systematic design of genotype-specific molecular reagents. We have prepared two sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs specific for the genotype of wild poliovirus type 3 recently endemic to Mexico and Guatemala. Nucleotide sequences of a representative wild type 3 virus isolated in Mexico in 1989 differed from the corresponding Sabin 3 (Leon 12 a1b) sequences at 167 of 900 positions within the VP1 region. From the sequence data, wild virus-specific primer pairs were designed to complement regions of high mismatch (> 33%) with Sabin 3 templates. Primer binding sites were spaced along the genome so that the predicted amplification products (142 bp and 163 bp) could be easily resolved electrophoretically from the products generated with our Sabin strain-specific primers (Sabin 1: 97 bp; Sabin 2: 71 bp; Sabin 3: 53 bp). RNAs of all wild type 3 poliovirus isolates from Mexico and Guatemala obtained over a 13-year period (1977-1990) served as efficient templates for amplification of the 142-bp and 163-bp products. Genomic templates derived from vaccine-related polioviruses and most heterologous wild polioviruses were inactive under equivalent reaction conditions. Amplifications generating a 114-bp product with a broadly reacting primer pair, matching highly conserved sequences in the 5'-noncoding region, provided a positive control for the presence in samples of poliovirus (or enterovirus) RNAs. Selective amplification of wild Mexico-Guatemala type 3 poliovirus Sequences was obtained with either primer set in reactions containing large stoichiometric excesses (up to 10(6)-fold) of vaccine-related RNAs. We have used wild genotype-specific PCR primer sets to facilitate identification of wild polioviruses present in both clinical and environmental samples. C1 LAB NACL SALUD PUBL, DEPT VIROL, MEXICO CITY, MEXICO. INST NUTR CENT AMER & PANAMA, VIROL LAB, PROGRAMA INFECC NUTR & IMMUNOL, GUATEMALA CITY, GUATEMALA. RP YANG, CF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS G17, RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 277 EP 296 PG 20 WC Virology SC Virology GA JM451 UT WOS:A1992JM45100004 PM 1329370 ER PT J AU GELDREICH, EE FOX, KR GOODRICH, JA RICE, EW CLARK, RM SWERDLOW, DL AF GELDREICH, EE FOX, KR GOODRICH, JA RICE, EW CLARK, RM SWERDLOW, DL TI SEARCHING FOR A WATER-SUPPLY CONNECTION IN THE CABOOL, MISSOURI DISEASE OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OUTBREAK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MODEL; PUBLIC SUPPLY; UNTREATED GROUNDWATER ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; O157-H7 AB A recent disease outbreak resulting in 4 deaths, 32 hospitalizations and a total of 243 documented cases of diarrhea was linked epidemiologically and by on-site data gathering supported by the use of a distribution system model to the public water supply. The pathogenic agent, Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7, was isolated from patients' feces in tests conducted by the Centers for Disease Control. Illness was restricted to people using public water supply. Untreated groundwater quality was not a factor but some disturbances in the distribution system, possibly 43 water meter replacements and 2 line breaks, may have allowed contaminants to enter the water supply. This is the first time a distribution system model has been used to show that the pattern of illness occurrences in a waterborne outbreak study could be related to water movement patterns in the distribution network. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ENTER DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP GELDREICH, EE (reprint author), US EPA, RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB, DIV DRINKING WATER RES, CINCINNATI, OH 45268 USA. NR 28 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1127 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90150-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA JD048 UT WOS:A1992JD04800015 ER PT J AU ELIXHAUSER, A AF ELIXHAUSER, A TI PUBLIC-HEALTH FOCUS - MAMMOGRAPHY (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 454-459, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP ELIXHAUSER, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 4 BP 452 EP 453 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JD472 UT WOS:A1992JD47200008 ER PT J AU TOKARS, JI CHAMBERLAND, ME SCHABLE, CA CULVER, DH JONES, M MCKIBBEN, PS BELL, DM AF TOKARS, JI CHAMBERLAND, ME SCHABLE, CA CULVER, DH JONES, M MCKIBBEN, PS BELL, DM TI A SURVEY OF OCCUPATIONAL BLOOD CONTACT AND HIV-INFECTION AMONG ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK; TRANSMISSION AB Objective.-To study the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among orthopedic surgeons, and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. Orthopedic surgeons are one of several groups of health care workers at risk for occupationally acquired HIV infection; however, few HIV seroprevalence studies in health care workers, and none in surgeons, have been performed to assist in estimating the extent of occupational risk. Design.-A voluntary, anonymous HIV serosurvey at an annual meeting. To assess the representativeness of participants, a mail survey of orthopedic surgeons was conducted 5 months prior to the annual meeting. Setting.-The 1991 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons held in Anaheim, Calif. Participants.-United States or Canadian orthopedic surgeons in training, in practice, or retired from practice who attended the annual meeting. Main Outcome Measures.-Participants' HIV serostatus and reporting of occupational and nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection. Results.-Of 7147 eligible orthopedists at the annual meeting, 3420 (47.9%) participated. Compared with the 10411 orthopedic surgeons responding to the mail survey, serosurvey participants had at least as many opportunities for occupational contact with blood and with HIV-infected patients. Among participants, 87.4% reported a blood-skin contact and 39.2% reported a percutaneous blood contact in the previous month. Among 3267 participants without reported nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection, none was positive for HIV antibody (0%; upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09%); among 108 participants with reported nonoccupational HIV risk factors, two were positive for HIV antibody (1.9%; upper limit of the 95% CI = 5.7%). Conclusion.-Although these findings may not be generalizable to all orthopedic surgeons, we found no evidence of HIV infection among serosurvey participants without nonoccupational risk factors. The high rates of self-reported blood contact underscore the importance of compliance with infection control precautions and of development of new techniques and equipment to minimize the risk of exposures to blood during surgical procedures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TOKARS, JI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 4 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1001/jama.268.4.489 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JD472 UT WOS:A1992JD47200023 PM 1619740 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, PS LEVY, ME BRUNDAGE, JF PETERSEN, LR KARON, JM FEARS, TR GARDNER, LI GAIL, MH GOEDERT, JJ BLATTNER, WA RYAN, CC VERMUND, SH BIGGAR, RJ AF ROSENBERG, PS LEVY, ME BRUNDAGE, JF PETERSEN, LR KARON, JM FEARS, TR GARDNER, LI GAIL, MH GOEDERT, JJ BLATTNER, WA RYAN, CC VERMUND, SH BIGGAR, RJ TI POPULATION-BASED MONITORING OF AN URBAN HIV AIDS EPIDEMIC - MAGNITUDE AND TRENDS IN THE DISTRICT-OF-COLUMBIA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHORT-TERM PROJECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; SENTINEL HOSPITALS; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; SPREAD; SIZE AB Objective.-To assess the extent of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in the District of Columbia and demonstrate an approach to monitoring HIV infection and projecting AIDS incidence at a community level. Design.-Backcalculation methods to reconstruct HIV incidence from AIDS incidence in subgroups. Results were compared with directly measured HIV seroprevalence in selected sentinel populations: childbearing women, civilian applicants for military service, and hospital patients admitted for conditions unrelated to HIV infection. Results.-Between the start of the epidemic in 1980 and January 1, 1991, one in 57 District of Columbia men aged 20 to 64 years was diagnosed with AIDS. Unlike the plateau projected for the nation, AIDS incidence for the District of Columbia was projected to increase by 34% between 1990 and 1994. Models of HIV infection incidence suggested two broad epidemic waves of approximately equal size. The first occurred in men who have sex with men and peaked during the period from 1982 through 1983. The second began in the mid-1980s in injecting drug users and heterosexuals. We estimated that among District of Columbia residents aged 20 to 64 years, 0.3% of white women, 2.9% of white men, 1.6% of black women, and 4.9% of black men were living with HIV infection as of January 1, 1991. These estimates are broadly consistent with survey data: among black childbearing women in their 20s, HIV prevalence doubled to 2% between the fall of 1989 and the spring of 1991; from military applicant data, we estimated that over 5% of black men born from 1951 through 1967 were HIV-positive; in the sentinel hospital, HIV prevalence rates among male patients aged 25 to 34 years were 11.3% in white men and 16.9% in black men. Conclusion.-Backcalculation and surveys yielded quantitatively consistent estimates of HIV prevalence. Many injecting drug users and heterosexuals in the District of Columbia were infected after January 1, 1986. Similar monitoring of the epidemic in other localities is needed to focus efforts to reduce the incidence of HIV transmission. C1 NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,POPULAT STUDIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,STAT & DATA MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,AGCY HIV AIDS,WASHINGTON,DC. NIAID,DIV AIDS,VACCINE TRIALS EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,PREVENT HLTH SERV ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. RP ROSENBERG, PS (reprint author), NCI,BIOSTAT BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL METHODS SECT,6130 EXECUT BLVD,EPN 403,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892, USA. OI Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 4 BP 495 EP 503 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JD472 UT WOS:A1992JD47200024 PM 1619741 ER PT J AU GUINAN, ME AF GUINAN, ME TI HIV, HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION, AND WOMEN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP GUINAN, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,MAILSTOP D-21,EXECUT PK 26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 4 BP 520 EP 521 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JD472 UT WOS:A1992JD47200028 PM 1320134 ER PT J AU STONE, KM PETERSON, HB AF STONE, KM PETERSON, HB TI SPERMICIDES, HIV, AND THE VAGINAL SPONGE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLINICAL-TRIAL; CANDIDIASIS; NONOXYNOL-9 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP STONE, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 4 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.1001/jama.268.4.521 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JD472 UT WOS:A1992JD47200029 PM 1320135 ER PT J AU FINE, PEM CHEN, RT AF FINE, PEM CHEN, RT TI CONFOUNDING IN STUDIES OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO VACCINES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); IMMUNIZATION; PERTUSSIS VACCINE; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH; VACCINATION ID INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; TETANUS-PERTUSSIS IMMUNIZATION; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; VACCINATION AB Several social and medical attributes are associated with both avoidance or delay of vaccination and an increased risk of adverse events such as sudden infant death syndrome or childhood encephalopathy. Studies that fail to control adequately for such confounding factors are likely to underestimate the risks of adverse events attributable to vaccination. This paper reviews the literature on studies of severe adverse events after the administration of pertussis antigen-containing vaccines, with particular attention to the measures taken by different investigators to avoid this problem. Most published studies have reported a deficit of sudden infant death syndrome among vaccinees, which may reflect confounding in their study designs. An expression is derived to explore the extent of underestimation that may be introduced in such studies, under different sets of conditions. Confounding of this sort is a general problem for studies of adverse reactions to prophylactic interventions, as they may be withheld from some individuals precisely because they are already at high risk of the adverse event. RP FINE, PEM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,INFORMAT SERV MS-E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN541 UT WOS:A1992JN54100001 PM 1415136 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE BRODINE, SK ROBERTS, CR AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE BRODINE, SK ROBERTS, CR TI FAILURE TO DETECT EVIDENCE OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS (HTLV) TYPE-I AND TYPE-II IN BLOOD-DONORS WITH ISOLATED GAG ANTIBODIES TO HTLV-I/II SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN; PROTEINS; HOMOLOGY; DEFINES; REGION C1 NIAID,BIOL RESOURCE BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USN HOSP,HLTH RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT DIAGNOST RETROVIROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 80 IS 2 BP 544 EP 550 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA JD588 UT WOS:A1992JD58800033 PM 1627806 ER PT J AU VEGEGA, ME KLEIN, TM AF VEGEGA, ME KLEIN, TM TI TRENDS IN ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC FATALITIES, BY SEX UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 189, 195-197, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VEGEGA, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,TRAFF SAFETY PROGRAMS,OFF ALCOHOL & STATE PROGRAMS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 3 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JC352 UT WOS:A1992JC35200012 ER PT J AU MICHAEL, J NICHOL, J AF MICHAEL, J NICHOL, J TI INCREASED SAFETY-BELT USE - UNITED-STATES, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 421-423, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP MICHAEL, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 3 BP 318 EP 318 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JC352 UT WOS:A1992JC35200015 ER PT J AU POTTER, ME AF POTTER, ME TI THE CHANGING FACE OF FOODBORNE DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; MILK RP POTTER, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 2 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JD679 UT WOS:A1992JD67900014 PM 1500318 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG TI FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TESTING FOR DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HANZLICK, R (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 8 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 2 BP 200 EP 200 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JB279 UT WOS:A1992JB27900022 PM 1608138 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL MINTZ, ED RODRIGUEZ, M TEJADA, E OCAMPO, C ESPEJO, L GREENE, KD SALDANA, W SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV WELLS, JG BEAN, NH RIES, AA POLLACK, M VERTIZ, B BLAKE, PA AF SWERDLOW, DL MINTZ, ED RODRIGUEZ, M TEJADA, E OCAMPO, C ESPEJO, L GREENE, KD SALDANA, W SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV WELLS, JG BEAN, NH RIES, AA POLLACK, M VERTIZ, B BLAKE, PA TI WATERBORNE TRANSMISSION OF EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN TRUJILLO, PERU - LESSONS FOR A CONTINENT AT RISK SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID BIOTYPE EL-TOR; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; UNITED-STATES; SLUMS AB The epidemic of cholera that began in Peru in January, 1991, marked the first such epidemic in South America this century. Subsequently, over 533 000 cases and 4700 deaths have been reported from nineteen countries in that hemisphere. We investigated the epidemic in Trujillo, the second largest city in Peru. Trujillo's water supply was unchlorinated and water contamination was common. Suspect cholera cases were defined as persons presenting to a health facility with acute diarrhoea between Feb 1, and March 31, 1991. We studied a cohort of 150 patients who had been admitted to hospital and conducted a matched case-control study with 46 cases and 65 symptom-free and serologically uninfected controls; we also carried out a water quality study. By March 31, 1991, 16 400 cases of suspected cholera (attack rate 2.6%), 6673 hospital admissions, and 71 deaths (case-fatality rate 0.4%) had been reported in the province of Trujillo. 79% of stool cultures of patients with diarrhoea presenting to a single hospital yielded Vibrio cholerae O1. In the case-control study, drinking unboiled water (odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-7.3), drinking water from a household water storage container in which hands had been introduced into the water (4.2, 1.2-14.9), and going to a fiesta (social event) (3.6, 1.1-11.1) were associated with illness. The water quality study showed progressive contamination during distribution and storage in the home: faecal coliform counts were highest in water from household storage containers and lowest in city well water. V cholerae 01, biotype El Tor, serotype Inaba, was isolated from three city water samples. Cholera control measures in Trujillo should focus on treatment of water and prevention of contamination during distribution and in the home. Trujillo's water and sanitation problems are common in South America; similar control measures are needed throughout the continent to prevent spread of epidemic cholera. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIDADE DEPT SALUD,TRUJILLO,PERU. NATL UNIV TRUJILLO,TRUJILLO,PERU. MINIST HLTH,GEN OFF EPIDEMIOL,LIMA,PERU. HOSP BELEN,TRUJILLO,PERU. RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 4 PY 1992 VL 340 IS 8810 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92432-F PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JC354 UT WOS:A1992JC35400012 PM 1351608 ER PT J AU HEITBRINK, WA BARON, PA AF HEITBRINK, WA BARON, PA TI AN APPROACH TO EVALUATING AND CORRECTING AERODYNAMIC PARTICLE SIZER MEASUREMENTS FOR PHANTOM PARTICLE COUNT CREATION SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID APS 3300 AB An aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) can be used to make real-time measurements of the aerodynamic particle size distribution over the range of 0.5 to 32-mu-m. This instrument is very useful in conducting health-related aerosol measurements involving aerosol generation, respirator efficiency, and particulate sampling efficiency. One of the two signal processors within the APS can create spurious or phantom particle counts that can significantly affect relative measurements and calculated mass distributions. In the APS, particle size measurement is based upon a particle's transit time between two laser beams that are perpendicular to an accelerating airflow. The signal processors measure each particle's transit from the time between the two pulses of scattered light that are generated as the particle passes through the two laser beams. When only a single pulse from a particle is detected, another pulse can cause the recording of a randomly sized phantom particle. The small particle processor (SPP), which measures particle transit from the times in digital increments of 4 nanoseconds, can create phantom particles; the large particle processor (LPP), which measures particle transit times in digital increments of 66.67 nanoseconds, is designed to prevent the creation of phantom particles. These two processors overlap in the range of 5.2 to 15.4-mu-m. The difference in particle counts in this overlap region can be used to estimate an upper limit to the number of phantom particles in each channel of data from the SPP. The user needs to exercise some caution in using this correction because the LPP of the APS responds to coincidence by understimating the particulate concentration. Furthermore, this correction does not cleanse the data of the statistical noise caused by phantom particle creation. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP HEITBRINK, WA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 53 IS 7 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1992)053<0427:AATEAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JC904 UT WOS:A1992JC90400005 PM 1496933 ER PT J AU NIU, MT TARGONSKI, PV STOLL, BJ ALBERT, GP MARGOLIS, HS AF NIU, MT TARGONSKI, PV STOLL, BJ ALBERT, GP MARGOLIS, HS TI PREVENTION OF PERINATAL TRANSMISSION OF THE HEPATITIS-B VIRUS - OUTCOME OF INFANTS IN A COMMUNITY PREVENTION PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE CARRIER MOTHERS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; DOUBLE-BLIND; EFFICACY; VACCINE; BORN; POPULATION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Objective.-To assess the outcome of infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (Hbsag)-positive mothers who received prenatal and infant care in a large, public health care system. Design.-Follow-up of a cohort of infants born to Hbsag-positive mothers. Setting.-Large, urban hospital providing prenatal care and obstetric services to county health departments. Participants.-Forty-two infants born to Hbsag-positive women. Interventions.-Prenatal testing of women and immunoprophylaxis of infants with hepatitis B immune globulin at birth and hepatitis B vaccine at birth and ages 1 and 6 months. Results.-All 42 infants received hepatitis B immune globulin and the first dose of vaccine. Of forty-one infants (98%) who received the second dose of vaccine, 37 received it by age 4 months. Thirty-two infants (76%) completed the three-dose vaccine series by age 12 months, and 34 infants (81%) completed the series by age 18 months. The rate of completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series was comparable to that of infants receiving the third dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. Of 26 infants who completed the hepatitis B vaccine series and had follow-up serologic testing 24 (92%) had adequate levels of antibody to HBsAg. Only one infant who did not complete the vaccine series had serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. No infant was HBsAg-positive. Conclusions.-Public programs serving urban populations can effectively deliver hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis to infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 146 IS 7 BP 793 EP 796 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JC525 UT WOS:A1992JC52500011 PM 1496944 ER PT J AU YEN, IH KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD JAMES, LM WATERS, GD BERRY, RJ AF YEN, IH KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD JAMES, LM WATERS, GD BERRY, RJ TI THE CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS - UNITED-STATES, 1968-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN MEASUREMENT; SPINA-BIFIDA; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; SUPPLEMENT USE; PREVALENCE; VITAMIN; PREVENTION; TRENDS; BIRTH AB Objective.-To describe the recent trends and epidemiologic characteristics of neural tube defects in the United States. Research Design.-Ongoing surveillance data. Setting.-Two birth defect surveillance systems: the nationwide Birth Defects Monitoring Program and the Metropolitan Atlanta (Ga) Congenital Defects Program for 1970 through 1989 and 1968 through 1989, respectively. Participants.-Between 1970 and 1989, using discharge diagnoses of approximately 1 million live-born and stillborn infants per year, the Birth Defects Monitoring Program identified 15 503 cases of spina bifida and anencephaly. Between 1968 and 1989, using discharge diagnoses and clinical records until age 1 year of 38 000 infants per year, the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program identified 800 cases of spina bifida and anencephaly. Interventions.-None. Measurements/Main Results.-Nationwide, neural tube defect rates have declined from 1.3 per 1000 births in 1970 to 0.6 per 1000 births in 1989. In Atlanta, neural tube defect rates have declined from 2.0 per 1000 births in 1968 to 0.6 per 1000 births in 1989. Several changes in the epidemiologic characteristics of neural tube defects were observed: (1) the proportion of spina bifida cases has increased; (2) the proportion of neural tube defect cases compared with the proportion of other unrelated defects has increased; (3) the race ratio of whites to other races for isolated neural tube defect cases has declined in Atlanta; and (4) the rate of isolated neural tube defects in females has also decreased. Conclusions.-The declining rates of neural tube defects can be partially explained by increased widespread prenatal diagnostic techniques, strongly suggesting the role of environmental factors in neural tube defects. In particular, the use of multivitamins and folic acid to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects needs further evaluation. Nevertheless, the changing clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of cases over time points to the etiologic heterogeneity of these conditions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 34 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 146 IS 7 BP 857 EP 861 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JC525 UT WOS:A1992JC52500027 PM 1496959 ER PT J AU JASON, J COLCLOUGH, G GENTRY, EM AF JASON, J COLCLOUGH, G GENTRY, EM TI THE PEDIATRICIANS ROLE IN ENCOURAGING PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION ABOUT THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID AIDS; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES AB Objective.-We explored whether communication from pediatrician to parent to child might assist in education about and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by comparing parents of children aged 10 through 17 years who did discuss acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with their children with parents of children aged 10 through 17 years who did not discuss AIDS with their children. Research Design.-Secondary analyses of the National Health Interview Survey, a general population survey with items on AIDS. We compared the relative importance of various characteristics in distinguishing parents who did discuss AIDS from those who did not. Variables included whether the parents had received an informational brochure about AIDS from a health care provider. Results.-Twenty percent of respondents had at least one child between ages 10 and 17 years; 62% of these parents had discussed AIDS with their children. This percentage was greater for parents living in metropolitan statistical areas with fewer than 100 000 persons compared with parents living in larger cities (73.6% vs 62.7%). Seventy-four percent of women (n = 4745) had spoken to their children about Al DS; only 49% of men (n = 3271) had done so. This gender difference was present in both one- and two-parent households. Hispanics were significantly less likely than non-Hispanics to have discussed AIDS with their children (men, 38.9% vs 49.9%; women, 62.6% vs 74.2%). Gender by far was most strongly associated with talking to children about AIDS, followed by self-assessed knowledge, knowing someone infected with the HIV, and actual knowledge about HIV and AIDS. Parents who reported reading an AIDS-related brochure were significantly more likely to have spoken with their children than were parents who had not read such a brochure (76.2% vs 57.4%). Thirty-seven percent of parents receiving a brochure received one from a health care provider. Conclusions.-Pediatricians can assist in efforts to prevent HIV infection and AIDS by educating parents, especially mothers, about AIDS; by providing them with well-designed brochures about AIDS; and by encouraging them to discuss HIV with their children in a developmentally appropriate manner. RP JASON, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 146 IS 7 BP 869 EP 875 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JC525 UT WOS:A1992JC52500029 PM 1496961 ER PT J AU GROSS, TP SCHLESSELMAN, JJ STADEL, BV YU, W LEE, NC AF GROSS, TP SCHLESSELMAN, JJ STADEL, BV YU, W LEE, NC TI THE RISK OF EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER IN SHORT-TERM USERS OF ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS ID INCESSANT OVULATION; DETERMINANTS; NEOPLASIA; EVENTS; CYSTS AB Short-term use (less than 1 year) of oral contraceptives has been associated with increased to slightly decreased risks of epithelial ovarian cancer in several studies. To determine what might account for a statistically significant 40% reduction in risk associated with as little as 3 to 6 months of use, a finding previously reported from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, and to consider the implications for mechanisms of pathogenesis, the authors compared numerous characteristics of short-term users of oral contraceptives (41 cases, 412 controls) with those of never users (242 cases, 1,517 controls). The reduced risk among short-term users was consistently restricted to women who stopped using oral contraceptives for medical reasons, which were essentially side effects; there was little evidence of a protective effect among women who stopped for nonmedical reasons. Factors such as age, parity, family history of ovarian cancer, estrogen dose, history of sterilization, and latency (interval from first use) could not account for the finding. These analyses suggest that short-term use of oral contraceptives has little to no effect per se on reducing the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and that side effects resulting in cessation of oral contraceptive use shortly after it was begun may be indicative of factors that are protective against the disease. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,BETHESDA,MD 20814. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GROSS, TP (reprint author), US FDA,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50913] NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 136 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN538 UT WOS:A1992JN53800005 PM 1415131 ER PT J AU HOUCK, P NEBEL, D MILHAM, S AF HOUCK, P NEBEL, D MILHAM, S TI ORGANIC-SOLVENT ENCEPHALOPATHY - AN OLD HAZARD REVISITED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS; ENCLOSED SPACE; DIOXINS; DIBENZOFURANS; REACTIVE AIRWAY DYSFUNCTION; SOLVENT EXPOSURES ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; WORKERS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; SAFETY; PCBS AB This report describes neurologic and respiratory symptoms among 26 engineers and contract laborers who used organic solvents and detergents to remove polychlorinated biphenyl contamination from a poorly ventilated factory basement. Neurologic symptoms included persistent central nervous system deficits; these developed in one worker after only 3 days. Respiratory symptoms included cough that persisted for more than 2 years. Laborers were more likely to report symptoms than were engineers. Appropriate ventilation or respirator use might have prevented the workers' morbidity. This incident serves as a reminder that organic solvent-related occupational illness continues to occur despite worker-health regulations and knowledge of preventive measures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ENVIRONM HLTH OFF,SPOKANE CTY HLTH DIST,SPOKANE,WA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA. RP HOUCK, P (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV,2201 6TH AVE,ROOM 300,SEATTLE,WA 98121, USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700220110 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JC667 UT WOS:A1992JC66700008 PM 1415271 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS STROGATZ, DS WILLIAMSON, DF AUBERT, RE AF FREEDMAN, DS STROGATZ, DS WILLIAMSON, DF AUBERT, RE TI EDUCATION, RACE, AND HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AMONG UNITED-STATES ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIAL-CLASS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; BLACK POPULATIONS; PREVENTION; HEALTH; WHITES; CARE AB Objectives. Although educational achievement is positively related to levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among White adults, there is an inverse association among Blacks. We assessed whether this interaction could be attributed to differences in the relation of education to correlates of HDL-C. Methods. Cross-sectional analyses were based on data from 8391 White and 995 Black adults who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results. Associations between education and HDL-C levels varied from negative (Black men), to nearly nonexistent (White men and Black women), to positive (White women). Mean HDL-C levels were higher among Blacks than among Whites, but differences varied according to educational achievement. Among adults with less than 9 years of education, mean levels were 6 to 10 mg/dL higher among Blacks, but the racial difference was less than 1 mg/dL among adults with at least 16 years of education. About 20% to 40% of these differences could be accounted for by obesity, alcohol consumption, and other characteristics. Conclusions. Because of the implications for coronary heart disease risk, consideration should be given to behavioral characteristics associated with the interaction between race and educational achievement. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,K-26,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1992 VL 82 IS 7 BP 999 EP 1006 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.7.999 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JB539 UT WOS:A1992JB53900012 PM 1609919 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, LE MERCY, JA RHODES, PH AF SALTZMAN, LE MERCY, JA RHODES, PH TI IDENTIFICATION OF NONFATAL FAMILY AND INTIMATE ASSAULT INCIDENTS IN POLICE DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB We examined different strategies for identifying nonfatal family and intimate assaults (FIAs) in police data. Police most often classify such incidents in the "assault" category, but they also use other crime categories. We estimated that, during 1984, 3300 FIAs (or 837 per 100 000 population) occurred in Atlanta. Of those, 77% were classified as assaults; 23% were classified in nonassault categories. Research measuring the magnitude of FIAs should take into account incidents classified in nonassault crime categories. RP SALTZMAN, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS-F-36,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU400931-01-1] NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1992 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1018 EP 1020 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.7.1018 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JB539 UT WOS:A1992JB53900016 PM 1609902 ER PT J AU SISKA, M JASON, J MURDOCH, P YANG, WS DONOVAN, RJ AF SISKA, M JASON, J MURDOCH, P YANG, WS DONOVAN, RJ TI RECALL OF AIDS PUBLIC-SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE RANKING OF AIDS AS A NATIONAL PROBLEM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB The efficacy of two public service announcements from Phase V of the "America Responds to AIDS" (ARTA) campaign was assessed at two sites, Participants were randomly assigned to view a local news program, one with an ARTA public service announcement appearing six times and the other with no AIDS public service announcements. During telephone interviews with 907 participants 1 to 3 nights after viewing, 21% at Site A and 59% at Site B could correctly recall the ARTA public service announcements. Absolute mentions of AIDS as an important national issue increased. C1 OGILVY & MATHER ADVERTISING,ATLANTA,GA. RP SISKA, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,APPL COMMUN RES & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1992 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1032 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.7.1029 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JB539 UT WOS:A1992JB53900020 PM 1609906 ER PT J AU BINDER, S AF BINDER, S TI HAZARDS OF LOW-LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE RECOGNIZED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP BINDER, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1992 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1043 EP 1044 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.7.1043-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JB539 UT WOS:A1992JB53900024 PM 1319118 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP ROBERTS, JM MAST, EE AF ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP ROBERTS, JM MAST, EE TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GIARDIASIS IN WISCONSIN - INCREASING INCIDENCE OF REPORTED CASES AND UNEXPLAINED SEASONAL TRENDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; CIRCANNUAL INCIDENCE; LAMBLIA; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS AB Giardia lamblia is the most commonly reported enteric pathogen in Wisconsin. Since giardiasis became a notifiable disease, the annual number of cases reported to the Wisconsin Division of Health has increased more than 20-fold, from 2.2 cases per 100,000 population in 1981 to 49.1 cases per 100,000 population in 1988. To better understand the nature of this increasing trend, we reviewed records of G. lamblia infections reported to the Wisconsin Division of Health from 1981 to 1988. Although the increase in reported cases was a general phenomenon that was not limited to a few high-risk groups, the highest annual incidence and greatest increase occurred in children 1-4 years old; 34% of the cases in this age group occurred in children who attended day care centers. A remarkably consistent late summer (August) increase was observed across all demographic and risk groups, suggesting that G. lamblia may be more common in the environment during late summer, or that risk factors for transmission may differ during these months. Additional studies are needed to further explain the increasing incidence and seasonal nature of reported giardiasis and to identify opportunities for prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,MADISON,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PREVENT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JF669 UT WOS:A1992JF66900004 PM 1636878 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB RAOULT, D AF FISHBEIN, DB RAOULT, D TI A CLUSTER OF COXIELLA-BURNETII INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO VACCINATED GOATS AND THEIR UNPASTEURIZED DAIRY-PRODUCTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID Q-FEVER; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; URBAN AB An outbreak of Q fever occurred among patients and staff of a psychiatric institution in southern France. Some of the patients and staff left the institution daily to work on a farm where goats were raised for raw milk and cheese production. The goats had all been vaccinated annually with a commercial vaccine containing phase II Coxiella burnetii antigen. A serologic survey revealed that 40 (66%) of the 61 patients and staff had elevated titers to C burnetii. Seropositive persons were more likely to report an acute illness (P = 0.001), fever (P = 0.04), weakness (P = 0.04), arthralgia (P = 0.04), and headaches (P = 0.06) in the preceding year than were seronegative persons. Seropositivity rates were significantly higher among persons who worked on the farm and consumed unpasteurized milk products (69% [22 of 32]; P = 0.007), those who only had worked on the farm (75% [9 of 12]; P = 0.009), and those who only had consumed unpasteurized milk products (75% [9 of 12]; P = 0.009), compared with those who had not worked with the goats or consumed unpasteurized milk products (0 of 5). Despite vaccination against Q fever, no antibodies to C. burnetii were detectable in 17 (59%) of 29 goats. All 12 seropositive goats had antibodies to both phase I and phase II antigens, indicating that they were naturally infected, and two of three goats examined were shedding C. burnetii in their milk. Vaccination of this herd did not prevent the outbreak and might have increased shedding of C. burnetii in the dairy products. C1 CHU TIMONE,CTR NATL REFERENCE RICKETTSIES,F-13385 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 47 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JF669 UT WOS:A1992JF66900007 PM 1636881 ER PT J AU CAUDILL, SP SMITH, SJ PIRKLE, JL ASHLEY, DL AF CAUDILL, SP SMITH, SJ PIRKLE, JL ASHLEY, DL TI PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPOSITE MULTIVARIATE QUALITY-CONTROL SYSTEM SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB We present the results of an evaluation of the performance characteristics of a composite multivariate quality control (CMQC) system that incorporates quality control rules for univariate, multivariate, and correlation conditions. The CMQC system evaluated is designed to help analysts detect unacceptable trends and systematic error in one or more variables, unacceptable random error in one or more variables, and unacceptable changes in the correlation structure of any pair of variables. It is also designed to be tolerant of missing data, to allow analysts to reject as few as one or as many as all variables in a run, and to provide analysts with control statistics and graphics that logically relate to sources of analytical error. We show that the various components of the CMQC system have adequate statistical power to detect systematic errors, random errors, and correlation changes under the conditions likely to be encountered with multivariate analytical measurement systems: (1) a single variable with increased systematic or random error; (2) all variables or a subgroup of variables affected by a common problem that increases systematic or random error: and (3) missing data for one or more variables in a run. We also show that the power of the multivariate component of the CMQC system to detect systematic and random errors is higher than the power of an alternative multivariate test criterion. RP CAUDILL, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 13 BP 1390 EP 1395 DI 10.1021/ac00037a016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JB313 UT WOS:A1992JB31300018 PM 1503216 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC MCDOUGAL, LK AF TENOVER, FC MCDOUGAL, LK TI DETECTING METHICILLIN RESISTANCE IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1585 EP 1586 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JC894 UT WOS:A1992JC89400046 PM 1510460 ER PT J AU JENSEN, HE BLOCH, B HENRIKSEN, P DIETZ, HH SCHONHEYDER, H KAUFMAN, L AF JENSEN, HE BLOCH, B HENRIKSEN, P DIETZ, HH SCHONHEYDER, H KAUFMAN, L TI DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS IN A BADGER (MELES-MELES) IN DENMARK SO APMIS LA English DT Article DE MELES-MELES; BADGER; HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM VAR CAPSULATUM; HISTOPLASMOSIS; EUROPE ID CAPSULATUM; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT; AIDS AB We report the first case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an animal in Scandinavia. Yeast cells compatible with those of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum were found in the skin, liver, spleen, a kidney, and a lymph node of a wild badger (Meles meles). The diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining of the yeast cells in tissue sections. C1 NATL VET LAB,AARHUS,DENMARK. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STATENS SERUM INST,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,DK-1870 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. ROYAL VET & AGR UNIV,DEPT PHARMACOL & PATHOBIOL,DK-1870 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD JUL PY 1992 VL 100 IS 7 BP 586 EP 592 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA JH172 UT WOS:A1992JH17200002 PM 1642845 ER PT J AU DICK, RB AF DICK, RB TI ACUTE EXPOSURE RESEARCH WITH ORGANIC-SOLVENTS - THE NIOSH EXPERIENCE SO APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE LA English DT Article ID METHYL ETHYL KETONE; PERFORMANCE; CHLORIDE AB Research on the acute effects of solvent exposures in humans has been supported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health since the establishment of the Institute in 1970. Both extramural and intramural laboratory and field research has been undertaken, and there have also been extensive efforts to disseminate resultant information about the acute effects of solvent exposures. Information dissemination has included conference and workshop proceedings, current intelligence bulletins, criteria documents, and journal publications of research experiments. NIOSH intramural research has concentrated primarily on the subclinical neurobehavioural effects that may occur in workers in response to workplace exposures. The experiments have studied solvent combinations, and solvents combined with drugs, caffeine, and alcohol. Future research on the acute effects of solvent exposures should concentrate not only on basic pharmacokinetic, physiological, and neurobehavioural characterisations of effects, but on other variables that may be of consequence in assessing workplace risks. These variables include: physical workload, exposures to combinations of solvents, combined exposures to chemical and physical agents, and interactions between chemical exposures and medications used to treat chronic medical problems. RP DICK, RB (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH RD, HOVE, EAST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN3 2FA SN 0269-994X J9 APPL PSYCHOL-INT REV JI Appl. Psychol.-Int. Rev.-Psychol. Appl.-Rev. Int. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1992.tb00700.x PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA JE695 UT WOS:A1992JE69500003 ER PT J AU MUELLER, PW PASCHAL, DC HAMMEL, RR KLINCEWICZ, SL MACNEIL, ML SPIERTO, B STEINBERG, KK AF MUELLER, PW PASCHAL, DC HAMMEL, RR KLINCEWICZ, SL MACNEIL, ML SPIERTO, B STEINBERG, KK TI CHRONIC RENAL EFFECTS IN 3 STUDIES OF MEN AND WOMEN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO CADMIUM SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALANINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; BIOLOGICAL INDEXES; URINARY ALBUMIN; WORKERS; KIDNEY; PROTEINURIA; DYSFUNCTION; ENZYMES; RESPECT; FURNACE AB We measured sensitive indicators of renal damage in three different populations occupationally exposed to cadmium, and examined the degree of variation in damage and the relative sensitivity of different types of indicators. The three studies included (1) men exposed in a cadmium recovery plant, (2) men exposed in a nickel/cadmium battery plant, and (3) women exposed in the latter plant. The indicators of renal damage were urinary proteins in three categories: (1) the high molecular weight enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), (2) the intermediate molecular weight protein albumin (ALB), and (3) the low molecular weight proteins retinol-binding protein (RBP) and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). These tests indicate that exposed groups with higher urine cadmium levels had varying degrees of renal damage. All exposed groups showed evidence of renal damage when compared with their respective control groups. A higher percentage of elevated protein levels was noted in the exposed group of Study 1 than in the exposed groups of Studies 2 and 3. In Study 1, the means of all five protein levels and ALB, RBP, and B2M fractional clearances were significantly elevated in the group with higher urine cadmium concentrations when compared with the groups with lower urine cadmium concentrations. Highly significant dose-response relationships for all of the urinary protein tests, including fractional clearances, were found. All of the tests were more sensitive in detecting evidence of subclinical renal damage than serum creatinine, a commonly used indicator of renal function. The order of test sensitivity in men was determined by considering three factors: (1) the magnitude of the correlation coefficient between the test and the urine cadmium concentration in the study with the most advanced damage, (2) the relative cadmium level predicted by the dose-response model at which there is a 10% chance of observing an elevated test value, and (3) the ability of the tests to detect renal effects in the population with less advanced damage. The tests in order of decreasing sensitivity in men are ALB, AAP, NAG, RBP almost-equal-to B2M. The women with higher urine cadmium levels in Study 3 had a higher percentage of elevated AAP and NAG values when compared with the control group. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MUELLER, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 125 EP 136 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY127 UT WOS:A1992HY12700018 PM 1637191 ER PT J AU TANGERMANN, RH ETZEL, RA MORTIMER, L PENNER, GD PASCHAL, DC AF TANGERMANN, RH ETZEL, RA MORTIMER, L PENNER, GD PASCHAL, DC TI AN OUTBREAK OF A FOOD-RELATED ILLNESS RESEMBLING BORIC-ACID POISONING SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of an illness suggestive of boric acid poisoning occurred among 51 persons who had eaten lunch at the cafeteria of the United States Agency for International Development in Islamabad, Pakistan, on February 11, 1990. Affected patients had headache and severe myalgias 2 to 4 hours after eating lunch. Fever, nausea and vomiting, red eyes, and photophobia were also reported. Among 25 patients (49%), a sunburn-like inflammation of the skin of the face developed, which subsequently desquamated. One patient required hospitalization for 1 day because of dehydration. Among all patients, the only symptoms remaining 72 hours after the meal were mild headache, fatigue, and peeling skin. Those persons who became ill were more likely to have eaten one particular food item (minestrone soup) for lunch than were those who did not become ill. A similar illness has been described following ingestion of boric acid. However, the results of an analysis of serum samples collected 3 days after the lunch from 24 patients did not show boron above normal background levels. Because of boron's short half-life, however, these data do not rule out the possibility that patients may have had higher boron levels at the onset of the illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MAILSTOP F28,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US EMBASSY,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 142 EP 144 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HY127 UT WOS:A1992HY12700020 PM 1637194 ER PT J AU BOONE, DJ AF BOONE, DJ TI LITERATURE-REVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE CLINICAL LABORATORY IMPROVEMENT AMENDMENTS OF 1988 SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROFICIENCY-TESTING PROGRAMS; PHYSICIANS OFFICE LABORATORIES; OF-AMERICAN-PATHOLOGISTS; DISEASE-CONTROL; QUALITY-CONTROL; INTRALABORATORY PERFORMANCE; CYTOLOGY LABORATORIES; PATIENT SPECIMENS; NEW-YORK; ACCURACY AB In conjunction with a 1990 Report to Congress on the studies required by the Clinical Laboratory improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88), the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, prepared a summary of the existing scientific literature related to the five studies listed in Section 4 of the Act. Over 800 articles were identified that, by title, seemed to deal with subjects that have been assumed to be associated with the quality of clinical laboratory testing. Although our search was not exhaustive, we believe that the articles included in our search are representative of the scientific evidence that exists. Most of the articles collected in our initial search were later eliminated from additional review because they were determined to be evaluations of laboratory analytic methods, contained only anecdotal evidence, were primarily descriptions of methods or programs, or were opinion articles without specific scientific data to support the opinions. This review reports the conclusions drawn by the research investigators of the 90 referenced articles; it does not analyze each article to assess the scientific validity of the research nor does it critique each article that is included. The review points to the need for additional research to answer questions raised by CLIA '88. RP BOONE, DJ (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 89 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 116 IS 7 BP 681 EP 693 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA JC198 UT WOS:A1992JC19800002 PM 1497439 ER PT J AU CALVERT, G SWEENEY, M FINGERHUT, M HALPERIN, W AF CALVERT, G SWEENEY, M FINGERHUT, M HALPERIN, W TI A REVIEW OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS FROM EXPOSURE TO SUBSTANCES CONTAMINATED WITH 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID GLUCARIC ACID EXCRETION; P-DIOXIN; SEVESO; HEALTH; CHILDREN; AREA AB Although there is concern regarding the effects of TCDD exposure on the liver and gastrointestinal system, this concern has not been consistently supported by the epidemiologic studies of TCDD-exposed individuals. We have reviewed this epidemiologic evidence. RP CALVERT, G (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90524-U PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN851 UT WOS:A1992JN85100059 ER PT J AU ALDERFER, R SWEENEY, M FINGERHUT, M HORNUNG, R WILLE, K FIDLER, A AF ALDERFER, R SWEENEY, M FINGERHUT, M HORNUNG, R WILLE, K FIDLER, A TI MEASURES OF DEPRESSED MOOD IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID DIOXIN; COMMUNITIES AB Previous studies of workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) contaminated substances report symptoms associated with depressed mood. The effects of exposure to TCDD on measures of current symptoms of depression were evaluated as part of a cross-sectional medical study of 281 production workers and 260 unexposed age, race and community matched referents. Exposure occurred during the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and its derivative products. Symptoms of depressed mood were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory and the depression subscale of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory-Revised-90 (SCL-90-R). Exposure to TCDD was assessed by measuring serum TCDD levels at the time of the medical study. Based on both logistic and multiple regression analyses, neither status as a worker, nor serum TCDD levels were related to either measure of depressed mood. RP ALDERFER, R (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90525-V PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN851 UT WOS:A1992JN85100060 ER PT J AU PIACITELLI, LA SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA PATTERSON, DG TURNER, WE CONNALLY, LB WILLE, KK TOMPKINS, B AF PIACITELLI, LA SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA PATTERSON, DG TURNER, WE CONNALLY, LB WILLE, KK TOMPKINS, B TI SERUM LEVELS OF PCDDS AND PCDFS AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO 2,3,7,8-TCDD CONTAMINATED CHEMICALS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC ID MEASURING 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; WHOLE-BLOOD AB The National Institute for occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) collected serum from workers exposed to chemicals contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and from unexposed referents. A subset of serum samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). In addition to a marked difference in serum levels between workers and referents for 2,3,7,8-TCDD, there was a small but significant difference for 2,3,7,8-PnCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF. Funding was received for this study from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PIACITELLI, LA (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90526-W PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN851 UT WOS:A1992JN85100061 ER PT J AU CRANDALL, MS KINNES, GM HARTLE, RW AF CRANDALL, MS KINNES, GM HARTLE, RW TI LEVELS OF CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND FURANS IN 3 OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY SEP 23-27, 1991 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC AB Air samples for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) and chlorinated dibenzofuran (CDF) were collected in three different Occupational environments: a Municipal incinerator; a Polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated metals reclamation plant; and a paper mill. Surface concentration samples for CDD and CDF were also collected at the incinerator and metals reclamation plant. After applying 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalent factors (TEFS), air results ranged from 0.01 to 20.4 picograms per cubic meter (pg/m3) for the incinerator, from 0.1 to 6.2 pg/m3 for the metals reclamation plant, and from 0.01 to 0.06 pg/m3 for the paper mill. Surface concentrations at the incinerator ranged from 0.4 to 43.5 nanograms per square meter (ng/m3), and at the metals reclamation plant from 2.7 to 28.3 ng/m2. RP CRANDALL, MS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90527-X PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN851 UT WOS:A1992JN85100062 ER PT J AU HIERHOLZER, JC AF HIERHOLZER, JC TI ADENOVIRUSES IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB Adenoviruses are among the many pathogens and opportunistic agents that cause serious infection in the congenitally immunocompromised, in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for organ and tissue transplants and for cancers, and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Adenovirus infections in these patients tend to become disseminated and severe, and the serotypes involved are clustered according to the age of the patient and the nature of the immunosuppression. Over 300 adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients, with an overall case fatality rate of 48%, are reviewed in this paper. Children with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome and other primary immunodeficiencies are exposed to the serotypes of subgroups B and C that commonly infect young children, and thus their infections are due to types 1 to 7 and 31 of subgenus A. Children with bone marrow and liver transplants often have lung and liver adenovirus infections that are due to an expanded set of subgenus A, B, C, and E serotypes. Adults with kidney transplants have viruses of subgenus B, mostly types 11, 34, and 35, which cause cystitis. This review indicates that 11% of transplant recipients become infected with adenoviruses, with case fatality rates from 60% for bone marrow transplant patients to 18% for renal transplant patients. Patients with AIDS become infected with a diversity of serotypes of all subgenera because their adult age and life-style expose them to many adenoviruses, possibly resulting in antigenically intermediate strains that are not found elsewhere. Interestingly, isolates from the urine of AIDS patients are generally of subgenus B and comprise types 11, 21, 34, 35, and intermediate strains of these types, whereas isolates from stool are of subgenus D and comprise many rare, new, and intermediate strains that are untypeable for practical purposes. It has been estimated that adenoviruses cause active infection in 12% of AIDS patients and that 45% of these infections terminate in death within 2 months. In all immunocompromised patients, generalized illness involving the central nervous system, respiratory system, hepatitis, and gastro-enteritis usually have a fulminant course and result in death. Treatments for adenovirus infections are of little proven value, although certain purine and pyrimidine analogs have shown beneficial effects in vitro and may be promising drugs. RP HIERHOLZER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 331 Z9 342 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 262 EP 274 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JD781 UT WOS:A1992JD78100004 PM 1323383 ER PT J AU BAKER, CN AF BAKER, CN TI THE E-TEST AND CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The E-Test is a recently introduced method for performing antimicrobial susceptibility tests. We compared the E-Test to the broth microdilution test and to the standard agar dilution test by using five antimicrobial agents tested against 55 clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from 11 locations in USA (group 1). Later, we selected 30 strains (group 2), which were more resistant than the original survey isolates. Erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were tested on both groups of organisms. When the three test methods were compared with each other at +/- 1 log2 dilution, the E-test gave the best overall agreement, with 85% of all strains being within acceptable limits. Category interpretation of erythromycin (drug of choice) results was a problem using current NCCLS guideline breakpoints. For the E-Test and the agar dilution method, 82% of the strains were in the intermediate category; but with the broth microdilution method, only 16.4% of the isolates were interpreted as intermediate. If the susceptible category breakpoint was raised to less-than-or-equal-to 2-mu-g/ml, then only 3% of the C. jejuni isolates would be interpreted as intermediate by any of the three methods. Our preference for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni is either E-Test or agar dilution at 42-degrees-C for 16 hr. RP BAKER, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,BLDG 5,ROOM 237,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 15 IS 5 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(92)90092-8 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JB383 UT WOS:A1992JB38300015 PM 1643827 ER PT J AU LASKER, BA PAGE, LS LOTT, TJ KOBAYASHI, GS AF LASKER, BA PAGE, LS LOTT, TJ KOBAYASHI, GS TI ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SEQUENCING OF CANDIDA-ALBICANS REPETITIVE ELEMENT-2 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE PATHOGENIC YEAST; SOUTHERN BLOT; GENOME ORGANIZATION; INTERSPERSED REPEAT; TRANSVERSE ALTERNATING-FIELD ELECTROPHORESIS; DIGOXIGENIN ID DNA; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENT; STRAINS AB A 1059-bp Sau3A fragment, designated Candida albicans repetitive element 2 (CARE-2), was isolated from the genome of the pathogenic yeast, C. albicans. CARE-2 DNA was detected on several C. albicans chromosomes separated by transverse alternating-field electrophoresis. A high degree of interstrain variation in the pattern of hybridizing bands were observed by Southern blot analysis, with a minimum of 10-14 copies of CARE-2 per strain. A low frequency of new CARE-2 polymorphisms was observed over time for three strains grown at 25-degrees-C or 37-degrees-C. No new CARE-2 polymorphisms were observed from two naturally occurring switch phenotypes. To localize repeated DNA, oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes, each representing a different region of CARE-2, were hybridized to genomic blots. A lower number of copies were observed 5' and 3' to a 600-bp region of CARE-2. Nucleotide (nt) sequence analysis of CARE-2 DNA shows the element is characterized by six perfect direct repeats 6 bp in length and shows no significant DNA similarity with any known nt sequence. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. RP LASKER, BA (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP G-11,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07015, AI-16228] NR 23 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90628-3 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JD840 UT WOS:A1992JD84000008 PM 1628844 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DR LOVEDIXON, MA BROWN, WJ LEVINE, DP DOWNES, FP HALL, WN AF JOHNSON, DR LOVEDIXON, MA BROWN, WJ LEVINE, DP DOWNES, FP HALL, WN TI DELAYED DETECTION OF AN INCREASE IN RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER AT A DETROIT HOSPITAL SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; CALCOACETICUS SUBSPECIES ANITRATUS; PLASMID DNA; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION; BAUMANNII; STRAIN; SPREAD AB OBJECTIVE: To study an increase of antimicrobial-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and to assess reasons for the delayed detection of this increase. DESIGN: Review of medical, laboratory, and infection control records. Plasmid profile analysis of available A baumannii isolates. SETTING: A 340-bed trauma and intensive care hospital in Detroit, Michigan. RESULTS: The number of hospitalized patients with resistant A baumannii increased during late 1989 and early 1990: 4 in September, 10 in October, 12 in November, 18 in December, and 23 in January (chi square for trend= 14.6, p=.0001). Forty-four (66%) of the 67 patients culture-positive for resistant A baumannii had respiratory tract colonization or infection. Of 11 resistant isolates, 6 had a similar plasmid profile and 5 had no plasmids. Under the hospital's targeted surveillance system, only positive cultures from blood or wounds were investigated; this largely respiratory increase of resistant A baumannii went unrecognized until January 1990. CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial resistance in A baumannii is an important concern. Such resistance is not necessarily plasmid mediated. Targeted surveillance for this and other agents of nosocomial infection should be used with caution, particularly in hospitals with many debilitated patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CITY DETROIT HLTH DEPT,DETROIT,MI. WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DETROIT,MI 48202. DETROIT MED CTR,DETROIT,MI. RP JOHNSON, DR (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR INFECT DIS CONTROL,3500 N LOGAN,POB 30035,LANSING,MI 48909, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 13 IS 7 BP 394 EP 398 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA JD573 UT WOS:A1992JD57300005 PM 1640096 ER PT J AU VERMA, UK BRENNER, DJ THACKER, WL BENSON, RF VESEY, G KURTZ, JB DENNIS, PJL STEIGERWALT, AG ROBINSON, JS MOSS, CW AF VERMA, UK BRENNER, DJ THACKER, WL BENSON, RF VESEY, G KURTZ, JB DENNIS, PJL STEIGERWALT, AG ROBINSON, JS MOSS, CW TI LEGIONELLA-SHAKESPEAREI SP-NOV, ISOLATED FROM COOLING-TOWER WATER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; PNEUMOPHILA; AEROSOLS; TRANSMISSION; SAMPLES; CITIES AB A Legionella-like organism (strain 214T [T = type strain]) was isolated from a cooling tower in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. This strain required L-cysteine and contained cellular branched-chain fatty acids that are typical of the genus Legionella. Strain 214T produced pink colonies on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. Ubiquinone Q-12 was the major quinone. Strain 214T was serologically distinct from other legionellae as determined by a slide agglutination test. The results of DNA hybridization studies showed that strain 214T (= ATCC 49655T) is a member of a new Legionella species, Legionella shakespearei. C1 HOUSEMAN LTD,SLOUGH SL1 7LS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,CTR APPL MICROBIOL & RES,SALISBURY SP4 0JG,WILTS,ENGLAND. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT VIROL,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JE083 UT WOS:A1992JE08300010 PM 1503972 ER PT J AU RYAN, C LEVY, ME JACKSON, J HOPKINS, RS AUERBACH, J DEMARIA, A GREIFINGER, R ONG, K MORSE, DL WOOD, L HUTCHESON, R VERGERONT, J DAVIS, JP AF RYAN, C LEVY, ME JACKSON, J HOPKINS, RS AUERBACH, J DEMARIA, A GREIFINGER, R ONG, K MORSE, DL WOOD, L HUTCHESON, R VERGERONT, J DAVIS, JP TI HIV PREVENTION IN UNITED-STATES CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 389-391, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEPATITIS-B; PRISONERS C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,AIDS PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02130. NEW YORK STATE DEPT CORRECT,BEDFORD HILLS,NY. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,WISCONSIN AIDS HIV PROGRAM,MADISON,WI. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RYAN, C (reprint author), DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,OFF AIDS ACT,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 1 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JA165 UT WOS:A1992JA16500005 ER PT J AU SISCOVICK, D COBB, L COPASS, M WICKLUND, K HANDSFIELD, H AF SISCOVICK, D COBB, L COPASS, M WICKLUND, K HANDSFIELD, H TI HIV SEROPREVALENCE AMONG ADULTS TREATED FOR CARDIAC-ARREST BEFORE REACHING A MEDICAL FACILITY (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 381-383, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; EMERGENCY C1 SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98104. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SISCOVICK, D (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 268 IS 1 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JA165 UT WOS:A1992JA16500006 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, JA OTTEN, MW DOEBBERT, G KIZER, KW AF SINGLETON, JA OTTEN, MW DOEBBERT, G KIZER, KW TI PREMATURE MORTALITY RELATED TO HIV-INFECTION IN CALIFORNIA 1981-1993 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEATH CERTIFICATES; YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST; CALIFORNIA; HIV; IMMUNODEFICIENCY ID SAN-FRANCISCO; AIDS; SURVIVAL; IMPACT AB The number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) before age 65 was used to compare the effects of HIV on premature mortality versus other causes of death in California from 1981 to 1993. Using California AIDS case surveillance data, YPLL associated with HIV rose from 629 in 1981 to 120,721 in 1989, and is projected to reach 188,000 in 1993 (plausible range, 155,000-285,000). In 1989, HIV ranked fourth in YPLL behind all malignant neoplasms, traffic-related motor vehicle accidents, and all heart diseases. By 1993, if current mortality trends continue, HIV is projected to be the leading single cause of YPLL in California ahead of all malignant neoplasms (184,597 in 1989), motor vehicle-related YPLL (163,038 in 1989), and all heart diseases. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,HLTH DATA & STAT BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP SINGLETON, JA (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,OFF AIDS,714 P ST,POB 942732,SACRAMENTO,CA 94234, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 5 IS 7 BP 688 EP 693 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JB263 UT WOS:A1992JB26300007 PM 1613667 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, M CHAN, DKS OREILLY, K SCHNELL, D WOOD, R BEEKER, C COHN, D AF FISHBEIN, M CHAN, DKS OREILLY, K SCHNELL, D WOOD, R BEEKER, C COHN, D TI ATTITUDINAL AND NORMATIVE FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF GAY MENS INTENTIONS TO PERFORM AIDS-RELATED SEXUAL BEHAVIORS - A MULTISITE ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of the theory of reasoned action as a basis for understanding and predicting py men's intentions to perform AIDS-related sexual behaviors. A total of 314 self-identified gay or bisexual men from Seattle, Denver, and Albany participated in the study. They were asked to indicate their intentions to perform 15 specific sexual behaviors chosen to represent different degrees of risk of contracting AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they were asked to respond to items measuring the attitudinal and normative considerations regarding each behavior. As expected, the results showed that the gay men's intentions were significantly predicted by the two factors. More interesting, it was found that, although attitudes are consistently the more important determinants of intentions for all the respondents, the importance of normative considerations varies across cities. This difference in normative considerations is interpreted in light of the differences in the structure of the three gay communities. Implications for designing sample-specific intervention programs are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SEATTLE DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,INST AIDS,NEW YORK,NY. RP FISHBEIN, M (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,603 E DANIEL ST,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 22 IS 13 BP 999 EP 1011 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00938.x PG 13 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA JH177 UT WOS:A1992JH17700001 ER PT J AU BERNERT, JT BELL, CJ MCGUFFEY, JE WAYMACK, PP AF BERNERT, JT BELL, CJ MCGUFFEY, JE WAYMACK, PP TI DETERMINATION OF FREE GLYCEROL IN HUMAN SERUM REFERENCE MATERIALS BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRIGLYCERIDES; BLANKING AB Serum free glycerol analyses are an important part of the preparation and evaluation of human serum reference materials used for the quality assurance of triglyceride assays. However, enzymatic kits for free glycerol analysis obtained from different vendors have, on occasion, provided different results for a given sample. In an effort to establish the target" glycerol content of selected reference materials, we have established a method for the analysis of serum free glycerol by using isotope-dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry, incorporating [1,3-C-13(2)]glycerol as the internal standard. The use of a simplified serum extraction and clean-up procedure resulted in (uncorrected) recoveries of glycerol averaging about 90% before derivatization, and in estimated concentrations for spiked serum pools that corresponded closely to the expected values. A comparison of enzymatic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric results for several reference serum pools suggest that the latter method is of value in evaluating and validating routine enzymatic methods for free glycerol analysis. RP BERNERT, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 578 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80218-F PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JF122 UT WOS:A1992JF12200001 PM 1400773 ER PT J AU CHU, SY AF CHU, SY TI BODY-MASS AND BREAST-CANCER - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV HIV AIDS, SURVEILLANCE BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-4356 EI 1878-5921 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 7 BP 807 EP 807 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90061-Q PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JC603 UT WOS:A1992JC60300014 ER PT J AU WONG, KH SKELTON, SK CHAN, YK AF WONG, KH SKELTON, SK CHAN, YK TI EFFICIENT CULTURE OF CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE WITH CELL-LINES DERIVED FROM THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-TWAR; HL CELLS AB Two established cell lines, H 292 and HEp-2, originating from the human respiratory tract, were found to be significantly more efficient and practical than the currently used HeLa 229 cells for growth of Chlamydia pneumoniae. Six strains of C. pneumoniae recently isolated from patients with respiratory ailments were used as test cultures. The H 292 and HEp-2 cells yielded much higher inclusion counts for all the test strains than did HeLa 229 cells. When they were compared with each other, H 292 cells yielded more inclusions than did HEp-2 cells, and the differences were statistically significant in 10 of 18 test sets. A simple system with these two cell lines appeared to be very efficient for culturing C. pneumoniae. It does not require treatment of tissue cells with DEAE-dextran before infection, and it may eliminate the need for serial subpassages of specimens to increase culture sensitivity. Monolayers of these cells remained intact and viable in the Chlamydia growth medium so that reinfection could take place, resulting in greatly increased inclusion counts for specimens containing few infectious units. This system may make it more practical for laboratories to culture for C. pneumoniae for treatment of infections and outbreak intervention and will facilitate studies on this recently recognized pathogen. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,COOPERAT STUDIES PROGRAM,W HAVEN,CT 06516. RP WONG, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1625 EP 1630 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HZ759 UT WOS:A1992HZ75900002 PM 1629316 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BB PLIKAYTIS, BD YAKRUS, MA BUTLER, WR WOODLEY, CL SILCOX, VA SHINNICK, TM AF PLIKAYTIS, BB PLIKAYTIS, BD YAKRUS, MA BUTLER, WR WOODLEY, CL SILCOX, VA SHINNICK, TM TI DIFFERENTIATION OF SLOWLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES, INCLUDING MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS, BY GENE AMPLIFICATION AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BOVIS BCG; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN; ANTIGEN; LEPRAE AB A two-step assay combining a gene amplification step and a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was developed to differentiate the Mycobacterium species that account for >90% of potentially pathogenic isolates and >86% of all isolates in clinical laboratories in the United States. These species are M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium, M. intrtracellulare, M. kansasii, and M. gordonae. With lysates of pure cultures as the template, two oligonucleotide primers that amplified an approximately 1,380-bp portion of the hsp65 gene from all 139 strains of 19 Mycobacterium species tested, but not from the 19 non-Mycobacterium species tested, were identified. Digestion of the amplicons from 126 strains of the six most commonly isolated Mycobacterium species with the restriction enzymes BstNI and XhoI in separate reactions generated restriction fragment patterns that were distinctive for each of these species, except for those of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, which were not distinguishable. By including size standards in each sample, the restriction fragment profiles could be normalized to a fixed distance and the similarities of patterns could be calculated by using a computer-aided comparison program. The availability of this data base should enable the identification of an unknown Mycobacterium strain to the species level by a comparison of the restriction fragment pattern of the unknown with the data base of known patterns. RP PLIKAYTIS, BB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1815 EP 1822 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HZ759 UT WOS:A1992HZ75900035 PM 1352786 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI A PRECIS ON EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The measurement or estimation of human exposure to toxic substances is a vital component of risk assessment. Yet because of data and methodological limitations, exposure assessment is often the weakest link in conducting risk assessments. For many toxic substances found in the environment, analytical methods do not exist to measure biological uptake. Moreover, national databases on human exposure are limited. The future direction of exposure assessment is toward a dose concept. Determination of human exposure and uptake to toxic substances by multiple routes of relevant exposure will be the goal. Health and environmental officials are increasingly being asked by the public to collect and explain exposure data and to relate them to personal and public health concerns. This paper provides a summary of kev concepts and issues on exposure assessment. RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 55 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JB310 UT WOS:A1992JB31000002 ER PT J AU MINTZ, CS FIELDS, BS ZOU, CH AF MINTZ, CS FIELDS, BS ZOU, CH TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CONJUGATIVE PLASMID FROM LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; VIRULENCE PLASMIDS; DETERMINANTS; MOBILIZATION; SEROGROUP-1; STRAIN; AMEBAS; CELLS AB The conjugative properties of an indigenous 85 MDa plasmid (designated pCH1) from Legionella pneumophila were studied. To determine if pCH1 was transmissible by conjugation, mating experiments were performed between legionellae that harboured pCH1 and several plasmid-less recipients. Plasmid transfer was monitored by colony hybridization, using a cloned 21 -0 kb SalI restriction fragment from pCH1 as a probe. The results from these experiments showed that pCH1 could be conjugatively transferred into several strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 but not into strain Bloomington-2 (serogroup 3) or Escherichia coli. Southern hybridization experiments in which pCH1 DNA was used as a probe showed that pCH1 does not share homology with other indigenous L. pneumophila plasmids. There was no detectable DNA homology between pCH1 and L. pneumophila chromosomal DNA. Additional mating experiments revealed that pCH1 was unable to mobilize the L. pneumophila chromosome. The conjugative transfer of pCH1 into plasmid-less avirulent or virulent serogroup 1 strains did not alter the intracellular growth characteristics of these strains in U937 cells, a human-monocyte-like cell line, or in the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis. These results suggest that pCH1 does not contribute to the ability of L. pneumophila to enter or grow within eukaryotic cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MINTZ, CS (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MIAMI,FL 33101, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 138 BP 1379 EP 1386 PN 7 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JF081 UT WOS:A1992JF08100011 PM 1512568 ER PT J AU MARKOWITZ, LE ALBRECHT, P ORENSTEIN, WA LETT, SM PUGLIESE, TJ FARRELL, D AF MARKOWITZ, LE ALBRECHT, P ORENSTEIN, WA LETT, SM PUGLIESE, TJ FARRELL, D TI PERSISTENCE OF MEASLES ANTIBODY AFTER REVACCINATION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZATION TEST; VACCINE; VIRUS AB To evaluate persistence of measles antibody after revaccination, antibody levels were measured 6 years after revaccination of 40 hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) antibody-negative students who had participated in a serosurvey in Massachusetts. Twelve subjects who had been HAI antibody-positive and were not revaccinated were included as a comparison group. Before revaccination, 7 revaccinees had no detectable plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) antibody (group 1) and 33 had low levels of PRN antibody (group 2). Three weeks after revaccination, all in group 1 and 30 (90%) of 33 in group 2 had developed a fourfold or greater rise in PRN antibody. Six years after revaccination, all subjects had PRN-detectable antibody. However, 12 in group 2 (36%) had antibody titers less-than-or-equal-to 1:120 compared with none in group 1 (P < .01). Persons without PRN antibody will respond to revaccination and maintain protective antibody titers. In contrast, persons with low levels of PRN antibody may respond initially to revaccination, but their antibody titers may fall again to low levels. C1 US FDA,DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD 20014. MASSACHUSETTS STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA. RP MARKOWITZ, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 166 IS 1 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HZ746 UT WOS:A1992HZ74600036 PM 1607699 ER PT J AU PERRY, GS BYERS, T YIP, R MARGEN, S AF PERRY, GS BYERS, T YIP, R MARGEN, S TI IRON NUTRITION DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR THE HEMOGLOBIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE NHANES-II; HEMOGLOBIN; RACE; IRON DEFICIENCY; SERUM FERRITIN ID UNITED-STATES; ANEMIA; DEFICIENCY; VALUES; CHILDREN; CRITERIA; INFANTS; WOMEN AB Many researchers have reported lower hemoglobin concentrations in blacks than in whites, but the reason for this difference is unknown. Data for 2515 persons (in 3-12 y and 18-45 y age groups) from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) were evaluated to investigate the roles of iron intake and biochemical iron status indicators in explaining black and white differences in hemoglobin concentration. Dietary iron intake was estimated from one 24-h food recall, and hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin were measured by standard laboratory methods. Hemoglobin levels were substantially lower in black children (120.3 g/L) than in white children (126.8 g/L). Hemoglobin concentrations were also lower in black women (128.4 g/L) than in white women (133.9 g/L), and in black men (144.8 g/L) than in white men (153.2 g/L). Blacks had lower hemoglobin concentration than whites at most levels of dietary iron intake, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Despite their lower hemoglobin levels, blacks had higher serum ferritin levels than whites. These results suggest that the difference in hemoglobin concentrations between blacks and whites in the United States is the result of factors other than iron intake and iron status. More specific investigations of both the genetic and environmental determinants of iron utilization in blacks are needed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,NUTR PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP PERRY, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 122 IS 7 BP 1417 EP 1424 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB436 UT WOS:A1992JB43600009 PM 1619469 ER PT J AU BURG, J GIST, GL AF BURG, J GIST, GL TI CHRONIC LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE TO BENZENE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP BURG, J (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST,EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 34 IS 7 BP 681 EP 682 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JC633 UT WOS:A1992JC63300003 PM 1494958 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE SATTIN, RW LANGLOIS, JA DEVITO, CA STEVENS, JA AF NELSON, DE SATTIN, RW LANGLOIS, JA DEVITO, CA STEVENS, JA TI ALCOHOL AS A RISK FACTOR FOR FALL INJURY EVENTS AMONG ELDERLY PERSONS LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STATE AB Objective: To determine if alcohol use is a risk factor for fall injury events among community-dwelling older persons. Design: Case-control study. Setting: South Miami Beach, Florida. Participants: 320 persons 65 or older who sought treatment at six area hospitals for injuries resulting from falls; 609 controls, matched for sex and age, selected randomly from Health Care Financing Administration (Medicare) files. Main Independent Variables: Self-reported current alcohol use. Results: No association was found between fall injury events and average weekly alcohol use. Conclusions: Further efforts at reducing injuries to older persons from falls should concentrate on other modifiable risk factors, including adequate treatment of underlying medical conditions, reducing inappropriate psychotropic medication use, and installing safety devices in the home. C1 UNIV OTAGO,DEPT PREVENT & SOCIAL MED,INJURY PREVENT RES UNIT,DUNEDIN,NEW ZEALAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MIAMI,FL. UNIV MIAMI,DEPT FAMILY MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,MIAMI,FL 33152. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NAT CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 40 IS 7 BP 658 EP 661 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA JC370 UT WOS:A1992JC37000002 PM 1607580 ER PT J AU SAWYER, TK NERAD, TA VISVESVARA, GS AF SAWYER, TK NERAD, TA VISVESVARA, GS TI ACANTHAMOEBA-JACOBSI SP-N (PROTOZOA, ACANTHAMOEBIDAE) FROM SEWAGE CONTAMINATED OCEAN SEDIMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE ACANTHAMOEBA; PROTOZOA; SEWAGE WASTES AB A temperature-tolerant strain of Acanthamoeba, isolated from sewage contaminated ocean sediments, was characterized by isoenzyme analysis, mouse pathogenicity tests, and phase contrast microscopy and found to represent a new species. Intranasal inoculation of 10-g weanling mice killed 3/10 of them, and amebae were cultured from brain tissue. The new isolate, Acanthamoeba jacobsi sp. n., is described. C1 AMER TYPE CULTURE COLLECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SAWYER, TK (reprint author), RESCON ASSOCIATES INC,BOX 206,TURTLE COVE,ROYAL OAK,MD 21662, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA JG464 UT WOS:A1992JG46400015 ER PT J AU FRIEDELL, GH TUCKER, TC MCMANMON, E MOSER, M HERNANDEZ, C NADEL, M AF FRIEDELL, GH TUCKER, TC MCMANMON, E MOSER, M HERNANDEZ, C NADEL, M TI INCIDENCE OF DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE CERVIX IN AN APPALACHIAN POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID CANCER AB Background: Cervical cancer mortality rates in the Appalachian population of southeastern Kentucky have been shown to be unusually high. To better understand the high cervical cancer death rate in this area, we developed a population-based cervical disease registry. Purpose: This study describes the incidence of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cervical cancer in 1986 and 1987 among White women in a 36-county area of Appalachian Kentucky based on histologic diagnoses. Methods: We compared average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer in the study area with those for women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Results: The incidence rate of invasive cervical cancer for women in the study area (14.9 per 100 000) was nearly twice that for White women in the SEER population (7.8 per 100 000), but it was similar to that for Black women in the SEER population (15.3 per 100 000). The incidence of carcinoma in situ for women in the study population (38.2 per 100 000) was 21% higher than that for White women (31.5 per 100 000) or for Black women (31.2 per 100 000) in the SEER population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate for all grades of dysplasia among women in the study population was 194.6 per 100 000. No comparable population-based incidence rates for dysplasia could be identified. Conclusions: Cervical cancer incidence rates are higher in Appalachian Kentucky than in the SEER population. Poverty appears to be a factor associated with these rates. Implications: Low-density populations such as those in rural Appalachia deserve greater attention in cancer control research. The population-based cervical dysplasia rates reported here may be useful for comparisons in future investigations. C1 KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,CABINET HUMAN RESOURCES,FRANKFORT,KY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FRIEDELL, GH (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,LUCILLE PARKER MARKEY CANC CTR,DIV CANC CONTROL,800 ROSE ST,LEXINGTON,KY 40536, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50-CCU401077] NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 1 PY 1992 VL 84 IS 13 BP 1030 EP 1032 DI 10.1093/jnci/84.13.1030 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JA762 UT WOS:A1992JA76200015 PM 1608055 ER PT J AU KELLERMANN, AL MERCY, JA AF KELLERMANN, AL MERCY, JA TI MEN, WOMEN, AND MURDER - GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF FATAL VIOLENCE AND VICTIMIZATION SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID OWNERSHIP AB To study the potential differences that distinguish homicides involving women as victims or offenders from those involving men, we analyzed Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports data on homicides that occurred in the United States between 1976 and 1987. Only cases that involved victims aged 15 years or older were included. Persons killed during law enforcement activity and cases in which the victim's gender was not recorded were excluded. A total of 215,273 homicides were studied, 77% of which involved male victims and 23% female victims. Although the overall risk of homicide for women was substantially lower than that of men (rate ratio [RR] = 0.27), their risk of being killed by a spouse or intimate acquaintance was higher (RR = 1.23). In contrast to men, the killing of a woman by a stranger was rare (RR = 0.18). More than twice as many women were shot and killed by their husband or intimate acquaintance than were murdered by strangers using guns, knives, or any other means. Although women comprise more than half the U.S. population, they committed only 14.7% of the homicides noted during the study interval. In contrast to men, who killed nonintimate acquaintances, strangers, or victims of undetermined relationship in 80% of cases, women killed their spouse, an intimate acquaintance, or a family member in 60% of cases. When men killed with a gun, they most commonly shot a stranger or a non-family acquaintance. When women killed with a gun, the victim was five times more likely to be their spouse, an intimate acquaintance, or a member of their family than to be a stranger or a person of undetermined relationship. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY EPIDEMIOL & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KELLERMANN, AL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MED,DIV EMERGENCY MED,877 JEFFERSON,ROOM G164,MEMPHIS,TN 38103, USA. NR 35 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1097/00005373-199207000-00001 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA JF936 UT WOS:A1992JF93600001 PM 1635092 ER PT J AU AGUIRRE, AA MCLEAN, RG COOK, RS QUAN, TJ AF AGUIRRE, AA MCLEAN, RG COOK, RS QUAN, TJ TI SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR SELECTED ARBOVIRUSES AND OTHER POTENTIAL PATHOGENS IN WILDLIFE FROM MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE ARBOVIRUSES; AVIAN CHOLERA; DISEASE SURVEY; NEWCASTLE DISEASE; TULAREMIA; WILDLIFE ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; DUCKS AB During 1988 and 1989, a serologic survey of wildlife was conducted in northeastern Mexico to determine the presence, prevalence, and distribution of arboviruses and other selected disease agents. Eighty mammal specimens were tested. Antibodies to vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, Venezuelan equine encephalitis-Mena II, Rio Grande virus, and vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey were detected predominately in small mammals. Deer and mouflon (Ovis musimon) had antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. Two species had serologic evidence of recent exposure to Francisella tularensis. A white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) had antibodies to Anaplasma marginale. All specimens tested for antibodies against Yersinia pestis and Brucella abortus were negative. Sera from 315 birds were tested for antibody against five equine encephalitis viruses and six avian pathogens. During 1988, antibodies to Venezuelan equine encephalitis-Mena II, Venezuelan equine encephalitis-TC83, St. Louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis were detected in birds of several species. Antibodies to Pasteurella multocida and Newcastle disease virus were also detected. Birds from five species presented antibodies to Mycoplasma meleagridis. Specimens tested for M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and Chlamydia psittaci were negative. To the best of our knowledge, this survey represents the first serologic evidence of bluetongue, Cache Valley virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, jamestown Canyon virus, vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey, Rio Grande virus, and tularemia reported among wildlife in Mexico. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF485 UT WOS:A1992JF48500014 PM 1512876 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK RAE, R AF SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK RAE, R TI EVALUATION OF THE PRO-LAB ID RING-SYSTEM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT YEASTS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CANDIDA; CRYPTOCOCCUS; GEOTRICHUM; RHODOTURULA; SACCHAROMYCES; TORULOPSIS SPP; PRO-LAB ID RING SYSTEM AB We evaluated 151 coded isolates of medically important yeast species belonging to the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Rhodoturula, Saccharomyces and Torulopsis using the newly developed rapid Pro-Lab Identification Ring, PL 960 system (PLID-Ring). All isolates were concurrently identified by the API 20C and conventional procedures comprising macro- and micromorphology, assimilation and fermentation of various carbon and nitrogen compounds. The PLID-Ring system identified isolates of Candida albicans, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra, and Torulopsis glabrata with 100% accuracy in 24 h. This system identified C guilliermondii and S. cerevisiae isolates with an accuracy of 90% and 86%, respectively, while those belonging to Cr. neoformans, T. candida (= C. famata), C. rugosa and C. tropicalis were identified with 38.4%, 50%, 12.5% and 50% accuracy, respectively. Three isolates of Cr. laurentii were not identified by the PLID-Ring system. The overall accuracy of the PLID-Ring system was 81.45% (123 of 151 isolates). However, the system does not include species such as Cr. laurentii in its data base. When these three Cr. laurentii isolates were excluded from the evaluation, the accuracy of the PLID-Ring system increased from 81.45% to 83.1%. C1 PROLAB INC,RICHMOND HILL,ONTARIO,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,PROV LAB PUBL HLTH,NATL REF CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,EDMONTON T6G 2J2,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 1992 VL 119 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JK299 UT WOS:A1992JK29900002 PM 1406902 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, B AF ANDERSON, B TI ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE EHRLICHIOSIS; MOLECULAR TAXONOMY RP ANDERSON, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 11 IS 7 BP 597 EP 598 DI 10.1097/00006454-199207000-00021 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA JC746 UT WOS:A1992JC74600022 PM 1528656 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS BYERS, T SELL, K KUESTER, S NEWELL, E LEE, S AF FREEDMAN, DS BYERS, T SELL, K KUESTER, S NEWELL, E LEE, S TI TRACKING OF SERUM-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN A MULTIRACIAL SAMPLE OF PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; TRACKING; MEASUREMENT ERROR ID RISK FACTOR VARIABLES; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; EDUCATION-PROGRAM GUIDELINES; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN; ADULT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; VARIABILITY; MORTALITY; MUSCATINE; CHILDHOOD AB The relation of an initial measurement of serum total cholesterol to subsequent levels over a (mean) 13-month interval was examined in a multiracial (white, Hispanic, American Indian, and black) sample of 1680 one- to four-year-olds. Although the relation of the initial level to the final measurement (r = .54) did not vary by race, sex, relative weight, or changes in relative weight, the association increased with age at the time of the initial measurement (eg, r = .64 among 4-year-olds). Based on the initial and final total cholesterol determinations, the within-person standard deviation was 21 mg/dL and the coefficient of variation was 13%. Although the final total cholesterol level was within 5 mg/dL of the initial level for 18% of the children, the two determinations differed by greater-than-or-equal-to 25 mg/dL for about 35% of the children and by greater-than-or-equal-to 50 mg/dL for about 8%. Of the 149 children who had an initial cholesterol level greater-than-or-equal-to 200 mg/dL, 34% (about five times the expected number) had a follow-up level that was similarly elevated whereas 25% had a subsequent measurement below 170 mg/dL. The results indicate that although an initial cholesterol level in early life is moderately predictive of subsequent levels, it may be difficult to interpret a single total cholesterol determination because of substantial within-person variability. C1 ARIZONA STATE DEPT HLTH SERV,OFF NUTR SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. ARIZONA STATE HOSP,PHOENIX,AZ. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,K-26,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 PN 1 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JA854 UT WOS:A1992JA85400017 PM 1614785 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, C GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, G BENNETT, DR CORDERO, JF TOMICH, P LICATA, SA KAUFMAN, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ SNODGRASS, W TEMPLE, AR AF KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, C GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, G BENNETT, DR CORDERO, JF TOMICH, P LICATA, SA KAUFMAN, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ SNODGRASS, W TEMPLE, AR TI RETINOID THERAPY FOR SEVERE DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC. PHARMACEUT MANUFACTURERS ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 119 EP 120 PN 1 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JA854 UT WOS:A1992JA85400030 ER PT J AU HALL, CB EASTON, JG GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, CV HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE AF HALL, CB EASTON, JG GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, CV HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE TI ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINES - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE AS THE 4TH-DOSE AND 5TH-DOSE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TETANUS TOXOIDS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; CHILDREN; DIPHTHERIA; INFANTS; BOOSTER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. AMER THORAC SOC,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 121 EP 123 PN 1 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JA854 UT WOS:A1992JA85400031 ER PT J AU HEALY, A ERENBERG, G KAMINER, RK LACAMERA, R NACKASHI, JA PONCHER, JR RANDALL, V WACHTEL, RC ZIRING, PR GARNER, C HAYS, R HOLLOWELL, JG NELSON, J GEWANTER, H AF HEALY, A ERENBERG, G KAMINER, RK LACAMERA, R NACKASHI, JA PONCHER, JR RANDALL, V WACHTEL, RC ZIRING, PR GARNER, C HAYS, R HOLLOWELL, JG NELSON, J GEWANTER, H TI LEARNING-DISABILITIES, DYSLEXIA, AND VISION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; CHILDREN; LENSES C1 US DEPT EDUC PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ASSOC RETARDED CITIZENS AMER,RHEUMATOL SECT,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1992 VL 90 IS 1 BP 124 EP 126 PN 1 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JA854 UT WOS:A1992JA85400032 ER PT J AU SUGARMAN, JR WARREN, CW OGE, L HELGERSON, SD AF SUGARMAN, JR WARREN, CW OGE, L HELGERSON, SD TI USING THE BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM TO MONITOR YEAR 2000 OBJECTIVES AMONG AMERICAN-INDIANS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a data set based on telephone surveys that have been conducted by States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control, has been used to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for adults in the United States so health objectives can be set and progress towards accomplishing them measured. Data for adult American Indians in this regard have not been available generally. The use of these data to estimate behavioral risk prevalence for American Indians by geographic region was examined and the results compared with those for white Americans. In addition, data from the system were compared with other data sets, including the results of selected surveys in American Indian communities, to explore the validity of the system as a tool for evaluating the behavioral risks of Indians. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for the period 1985 to 1988 were used. During this Period, the 1,055 American Indian respondents constituted 0.63 percent of those responding under the system and 0.70 percent of the population of the participating States. Separate (sex-specific) behavioral risk prevalence estimates were derived for Indians and whites for four geographic regions-Southwest, Plains, West Coast, and Other States. The system's behavioral risk estimates for the Plains region were compared with available data from behavioral risk surveys done in three American Indian communities in Montana (Blackfeet, Fort Peck, and Great Falls) from 1987 to 1989. The behavioral risk factors compared include use of automobile seatbelts, current smoking, current use of smokeless tobacco, heavy drinking, drinking and driving, overweight, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle. Although large regional differences in the prevalence of these risk factors were found, the magnitude and direction of the differences are frequently similar among American Indians and whites living in the same geographic regions. The findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System among American Indians are largely consistent with independently collected data from more resource-intensive household surveys, at least when surveys in Montana are compared with system data from the Plains. These data are generally consistent with other epidemiologic studies. When they are used in conjunction with community-specific surveys, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data may be useful for monitoring the progress of American Indians towards the Year 2000 national health objectives. The value of the surveillance system for monitoring trends in behavioral risk factors among Indians would be enhanced if States attempted to oversample regions (such as Indian reservations) with a high proportion of Indian residents. It appears that aggressive health promotion and disease prevention efforts will be needed if these objectives are to be achieved. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIAN HLTH SERV,BILLINGS AREA OFF,BILLINGS,MT. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM REG X,SEATTLE,WA. RP SUGARMAN, JR (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,2201 6TH AVE,ROOM 300,SEATTLE,WA 98121, USA. NR 13 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 107 IS 4 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JH966 UT WOS:A1992JH96600011 PM 1641442 ER PT J AU SCHINKE, SP ORLANDI, MA FORGEY, MA RUGG, DL DOUGLAS, KA AF SCHINKE, SP ORLANDI, MA FORGEY, MA RUGG, DL DOUGLAS, KA TI MULTICOMPONENT, SCHOOL-BASED STRATEGIES TO PREVENT HIV-INFECTION AND SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG ADOLESCENTS - THEORY AND RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE SO RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID SMOKING PREVENTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SKILLS INTERVENTION; HISPANIC YOUTH; DRUG-ABUSE; FOLLOW-UP; COMMUNITY; TRANSITION; EDUCATION AB American adolescents are at high risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-the virus that causes AIDS-and for the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Given the seriousness of these health problems, interventions for preventing HIV and other STD infections among adolescents are needed. Although behavioral science theories offer promise, effective interventions for preventing HIV and other STD infections have not been developed. To fill gaps in scientific knowledge and foster the development of preventive interventions, new strategies are needed to reach, attract, and intervene with adolescents. Such strategies must be sensitive to the differences between adult and adolescent populations, target adolescents in school settings, and involve youths' families and communities. We address the need for such multicomponent, school-based interventions to prevent HIV and other STD infections. Drawing from our own and others' work, we review theory and empirical knowledge to support preventive interventions for youth at risk for HIV and other STD infections. We then detail a school-based intervention that is being empirically tested to determine its effectiveness in preventing HIV and other STD infections among students. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1049-7315 J9 RES SOCIAL WORK PRAC JI Res. Soc. Work. Pract. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 364 EP 379 PG 16 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA JC242 UT WOS:A1992JC24200013 ER PT J AU WESTROM, L JOESOEF, R REYNOLDS, G HAGDU, A THOMPSON, SE AF WESTROM, L JOESOEF, R REYNOLDS, G HAGDU, A THOMPSON, SE TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND FERTILITY - A COHORT STUDY OF 1,844 WOMEN WITH LAPAROSCOPICALLY VERIFIED DISEASE AND 657 CONTROL WOMEN WITH NORMAL LAPAROSCOPIC RESULTS SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE SALPINGITIS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; CONTRACEPTIVES; TRENDS AB From 1960 10 1984, 2,501 women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy (index laparoscopy) because of a clinical suspicion of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Of these women, 1,844 had abnormal laparoscopic findings (patients) and 657 had normal findings (control subjects). The reproductive events after index laparoscopy of 1.732 patients and 601 control subjects were followed. The patients and control subjects were followed for a total of 13,400 and 3,958 woman-years, respectively. During the follow-up period, 1.309 (75.6%) of the patients and 451 (75.0%) of the control subjects attempted to conceive. Of these women, 209 (16.0% of the patients and 12 (2.7%) of the control subjects failed to conceive. A total of 141 (10.8%) of the patients and 0 (0%) of the control subjects had confirmed tubal factor infertility, 21 (1.6%) of the patients and 3 (0.7%) control subjects had other causes of infertility, and 47 (3.6%) patients and 9 (2.0%) control subjects did not have a complete infertility evaluation. Additional information on tubal morphology (hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, or laparotomy) in women from couples for whom evaluation was incomplete indicated that 165 (12.2%) patients and 4 (0.9%) of the control subjects had abnormal tubal function or morphology after index laparoscopy. Tubal factor infertility after PID was associated with number and severity of PID episodes. The ectopic pregnancy. rate for first pregnancy after index laparoscopy was 9.1% among the patients and 1.4% among control subjects. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP WESTROM, L (reprint author), UNIV LUND HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,S-22185 LUND,SWEDEN. NR 16 TC 427 Z9 434 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1097/00007435-199207000-00001 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA JE766 UT WOS:A1992JE76600001 PM 1411832 ER PT J AU MCCRAY, E ONORATO, IM AF MCCRAY, E ONORATO, IM TI SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; HIV INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; MEN AB From April 1988 through December 1989, sera obtained for syphilis testing from consecutive patients attending 98 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in 37 metropolitan areas were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an unlinked (blinded) survey. HIV seroprevalence in STD clinics ranged from 0 to 38.5% (median, 2.3%), with the highest rates found in the Mid-Atlantic states, Florida, and Puerto Rico. The highest median rates were found in men who have sex with men (36.1%) and heterosexual intravenous (IV) drug users (4.1%). For heterosexual persons who do not report IV drug use, median rates were highest in the 35- to 39-year-old age group for men (6.4%) and the 30- to 34-year-old age group for women (0.9%). Among persons who do not report risk behaviors for HIV infection, men had substantially higher median rates of HIV infection than women (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test), and rates were positively correlated with HIV infection rates in IV drug users in the same clinic (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.8; P < 0.001). Among heterosexual STD clinic patients who do not report IV drug use, the median HIV infection rate for blacks (1.8%) was at least 2 times higher than the median infection rates for hispanics (0.9%) and whites (0.7%). The results of this study show that HIV infection in STD clinic patients varies by geographic area, sex, race and ethnic group, and risk behavior. Patients who do not report but do use IV drugs and patients who are sexual partners of IV drug users may account for some of the HIV infections among both male and female patients who reported no high-risk behavior. RP MCCRAY, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1097/00007435-199207000-00010 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA JE766 UT WOS:A1992JE76600010 PM 1411839 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ JAMES, LM FLANDERS, WD ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ JAMES, LM FLANDERS, WD ERICKSON, JD TI INTERPRETATION OF RECURRING WEAK ASSOCIATIONS OBTAINED FROM EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF SUSPECTED HUMAN TERATOGENS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; FETAL HYDANTOIN SYNDROME; CLEFT-LIP; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; OVULATION INDUCTION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK; PALATE; DESIGN AB Epidemiological studies of suspected human teratogens not infrequently lead to recurring weak or moderate associations (relative risks or odds ratios ranging from >1 to 3 for adverse effects and from 1/3 to <1 for protective effects) between specific defects and prenatal exposures. Examples of such associations include cigarette smoking and oral clefts (odds ratios between 1 and 2) and periconceptional multivitamin/folic acid supplementation and neural tube defects (odds ratios from 1/3 to 1). In this paper, we illustrate that low relative risk recurring in well-designed studies may reflect underlying biologic mechanisms and should not be readily dismissed. Low relative risks could be the result of a combination of the following factors: 1) unmeasured confounding, 2) exposure misclassification (often related to the inability to pinpoint relevant dose and timing), 3) outcome misclassification (related to the etiologic heterogeneity of birth defects), 4) biologic interactions (related to teratogenic effects in population subgroups defined by genetic susceptibility or the presence of other exposures), and 5) differential prenatal survival (related to the combined impact of the exposure and the defect on prenatal survival). These issues can be addressed in epidemiologic studies by using biological markers of exposure and susceptibility, dysmorphologic evaluation of affected infants, subgroup analysis for etiologic heterogeneity, a search for biologic interactions, and the use of prospective cohort studies. Finally, low relative risks in the face of common exposures can reflect an important public health contribution of the exposure to the occurrence of the defect in the population. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1002/tera.1420460110 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA HY969 UT WOS:A1992HY96900009 PM 1641813 ER PT J AU GITHEKO, AK BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD BEIER, M ATIELI, F OWAGA, M COLLINS, FH AF GITHEKO, AK BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD BEIER, M ATIELI, F OWAGA, M COLLINS, FH TI THE RESERVOIR OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN A HOLOENDEMIC AREA OF WESTERN KENYA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; MOSQUITOS; TRANSMISSION; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION; SPOROZOITES AB The reservoir of infectious Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in a population living in an area of holoendemic malaria in western Kenya was estimated by directly feeding mosquitoes on volunteers. Resulting mosquito infections were assessed both by midgut examination for oocysts and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for P. falciparum circumsporozoite antigen. Calculations based on the age structure of the population and the resulting rates of mosquito infections indicated that children under 10 years of age were responsible for 72% of mosquito infections, individuals between 10 and 21 years of age contributed 12%, and those over 21 years of age accounted for 16%. No infection resulted in mosquitoes fed on infants less than 1 year of age. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 22 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90216-Y PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JM180 UT WOS:A1992JM18000002 PM 1359683 ER PT J AU MORO, PL GILMAN, RH WILSON, M SCHANTZ, PM VERASTEGUI, M GARCIA, HH MIRANDA, E AF MORO, PL GILMAN, RH WILSON, M SCHANTZ, PM VERASTEGUI, M GARCIA, HH MIRANDA, E TI IMMUNOBLOT (WESTERN-BLOT) AND DOUBLE DIFFUSION (DD5) TESTS FOR HYDATID-DISEASE CROSS-REACT WITH SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH CYSTICERCOSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 JOHNS HOPKINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MORO, PL (reprint author), UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,PARASITOL,LIMA,PERU. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 86 IS 4 BP 422 EP 423 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90250-G PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JM180 UT WOS:A1992JM18000028 PM 1440824 ER PT J AU BENNETT, CL CHANG, H SHLIAN, D DAWSON, JA EDLIN, BR AF BENNETT, CL CHANG, H SHLIAN, D DAWSON, JA EDLIN, BR TI HEALTH-CARE USE BY HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED STUDENTS AT A CALIFORNIA STUDENT HEALTH-SERVICE SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EARLY INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE; WOMEN AB We report characteristics of 16 college students with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who received care at a student health center at a major university in California. Sociodemographic and clinical data and medical expenditures were obtained retrospectively from medical charts and computerized billing records. All 16 students were men who had sex with men, and 3 had also used intravenous drugs. Dermatologic conditions, upper respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal conditions, anemia, lymphadenopathy, sexually transmitted diseases, and ophthalmologic conditions were more frequent among HIV-infected students than among the general student population using the health center. On average, HIV-infected students visited the student health service about 3 times more often and incurred charges about 10 times higher than the general population of students visiting the health center. Student health centers, which have been at the forefront of developing strategies for HIV prevention, education, and counseling, must also develop treatment programs for HIV-infected students. C1 DUKE UNIV,CTR HLTH POLICY RES,DURHAM,NC 27706. DUKE UNIV,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,DURHAM,NC 27706. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BENNETT, CL (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HLTH SERV RES & DEV,508 FULTON ST,DURHAM,NC 27705, USA. RI Bennett, Charles/C-2050-2008; OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 157 IS 1 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JD516 UT WOS:A1992JD51600003 PM 1413741 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF ONORATO, IM KAPLAN, JE AF KHABBAZ, RF ONORATO, IM KAPLAN, JE TI SEROPREVALENCE OF HTLV-I AND HTLV-II - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 25 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 26 BP 1783 EP 1784 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HZ894 UT WOS:A1992HZ89400030 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE SACKS, JJ CHORBA, TL AF NELSON, DE SACKS, JJ CHORBA, TL TI REQUIRED VISION TESTING FOR OLDER DRIVERS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID AGE RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 25 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 26 BP 1784 EP 1785 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HZ894 UT WOS:A1992HZ89400032 PM 1594032 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K AF STEENLAND, K TI ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE AND HEART-DISEASE - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 24 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 24 BP 3285 EP 3286 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HY944 UT WOS:A1992HY94400018 ER PT J AU NOVELLO, AC ROSENBERG, M SALTZMAN, L SHOSKY, J AF NOVELLO, AC ROSENBERG, M SALTZMAN, L SHOSKY, J TI A MEDICAL RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 1 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 23 BP 3132 EP 3132 DI 10.1001/jama.267.23.3132 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HX918 UT WOS:A1992HX91800004 PM 1593724 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA MULINARE, J TEUTSCH, SM AF HAHN, RA MULINARE, J TEUTSCH, SM TI INCONSISTENT CODING OF RACE AND ETHNICITY IN INFANTS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 23 BP 3152 EP 3152 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HX918 UT WOS:A1992HX91800013 ER PT J AU WASHINGTON, AE CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN AF WASHINGTON, AE CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN TI PREVENTING PID - TRY MONOGAMY - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WASHINGTON, AE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 17 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 23 BP 3153 EP 3153 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HX918 UT WOS:A1992HX91800017 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS MARTINEZSCHELL, B PETERSON, HB WARE, JH HUGHES, JM AF WILCOX, LS MARTINEZSCHELL, B PETERSON, HB WARE, JH HUGHES, JM TI MENSTRUAL FUNCTION AFTER TUBAL-STERILIZATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MENSTRUATION; MENSTRUATION DISORDERS; STERILIZATION, TUBAL ID LAPAROSCOPIC STERILIZATION; OCCLUSION TECHNIQUES; PATTERN CHANGE; RISK AB More than 10 million women in the United States have undergone tubal sterilization. There has been concern that this procedure may increase the risk of later menstrual dysfunction. The Collaborative Review of Sterilization (CREST) is a large, multicenter, prospective study of tubal sterilization in the United States. This report describes CREST participants who were interviewed immediately before sterilization and again in annual poststerilization interviews for up to 5 years between 1978 and 1988. The authors analyzed reported changes in six menstrual cycle characteristics for 5,070 women undergoing interval sterilizations. Longitudinal, multivariate regression was used to adjust for baseline menstrual function and other potential confounders. Five years after sterilization, 35% of the CREST participants reported high levels of menstrual pain, 49% reported heavy or very heavy menstrual flow, and 10% reported spotting between periods. In contrast to the fifth year, the first year of follow-up was similar to presterilization menstrual function; in the first year, 27% of participants reported high menstrual pain, 41% reported heavy menstrual flow, and 7% reported spotting. These findings may be affected by aging of the cohort and other study limitations, but they suggest that if tubal sterilization leads to changes in menstrual function, such changes may take some time to develop. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP WILCOX, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y01-HD-41075] NR 27 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 12 BP 1368 EP 1381 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KT259 UT WOS:A1992KT25900006 PM 1510083 ER PT J AU MCAULEY, JB MICHELSON, MK HIGHTOWER, AW ENGERAN, S WINTERMEYER, LA SCHANTZ, PM AF MCAULEY, JB MICHELSON, MK HIGHTOWER, AW ENGERAN, S WINTERMEYER, LA SCHANTZ, PM TI A TRICHINOSIS OUTBREAK AMONG SOUTHEAST-ASIAN REFUGEES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASIAN AMERICANS; TRICHINELLA; TRICHINOSIS AB The number of cases of trichinosis reported to Centers for Disease Control has declined steadily, with an average of only 44 cases per year from 1984 through 1988. This decline was almost entirely due to a reduction in cases acquired from ingestion of fresh commercial pork. However, from July 21 through September 3, 1990, 90 (72%) of 125 Southeast Asian refugees from six states and Canada developed trichinosis after attending or eating pork sausage taken from a wedding held in Des Moines, Iowa, on July 14, 1990. Eating uncooked sausage prepared at home from commercially obtained pork was associated with the development of this illness (odds ratio = 34.0, p < 0.001). Analysis by amount of pork consumed was significant (Mann-Whitney U rank sum test, p < 0.001). This outbreak of trichinosis in Iowa is the fourth reported within the last 15 years among the 900,000 Southeast Asian refugees resident in the United States and one of the largest reported outbreaks in US history. The continued presence of Trichinella spiralis in commercial pork emphasizes the need for further education and control measures for persons whose dietary habits place them at risk for developing trichinosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,CHAMBLEE 23,ATLANTA,GA 30333. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 12 BP 1404 EP 1410 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KT259 UT WOS:A1992KT25900009 PM 1510086 ER PT J AU HANDLER, A KISTIN, N DAVIS, F FERRE, C AF HANDLER, A KISTIN, N DAVIS, F FERRE, C TI COCAINE USE DURING PREGNANCY - PERINATAL OUTCOMES - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HANDLER, A (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH SERV RES MC 922,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 12 BP 1426 EP 1427 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KT259 UT WOS:A1992KT25900014 ER PT J AU LIFSON, AR HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP OMALLEY, PM BARNHART, L SEGAL, M KATZ, MH HOLMBERG, SD AF LIFSON, AR HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP OMALLEY, PM BARNHART, L SEGAL, M KATZ, MH HOLMBERG, SD TI SERUM BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN AND PREDICTION OF PROGRESSION TO AIDS IN HIV-INFECTION SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; ACTIVATION; MARKERS; ANTIGEN; FOLLOW; COHORT; TYPE-1; COUNT; LEVEL AB Identification of laboratory tests that can help predict progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important for clinical management and counselling. We have assessed the usefulness of CD4 lymphocyte count, serum beta-2-microglobulin concentration, and the presence of p24 antigen as predictors of AIDS. We studied 214 homosexual and bisexual men with well-defined dates of HIV seroconversion. For each participant we defined the baseline date as the earliest date before the development of AIDS on which the three laboratory tests were done. beta-2-microglobulin concentration at baseline was in all analyses an independent predictor of AIDS, even after stratification by baseline CD4 count, duration of HIV infection, or use of zidovudine before or at baseline. For example, among men with at least 0.5 x 10(9)/l CD4 cells who were negative for p24 antigen, the risks of AIDS at 12 months and 24 months were 1% and 5%, respectively, for those whose beta-2-microglobulin concentrations were below 4.0 mg/l, compared with 17% and 27%, respectively for those with beta-2-microglobulin concentrations above that cut-off point (p<0.001). Among men with an estimated duration of infection of 5 years or less, beta-2-microglobulin concentration was the strongest independent predictor of AIDS. Measurement of serum beta-2-microglobulin adds important prognostic information to CD4 count in determining the risk of progression to AIDS in HIV-infected subjects, including those whose CD4 cell count has not yet fallen. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LIFSON, AR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOX 0560,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU900523-03-5] NR 25 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 13 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8807 BP 1436 EP 1440 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92030-J PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HY317 UT WOS:A1992HY31700003 PM 1351128 ER PT J AU REGNERY, RL OLSON, JG PERKINS, BA BIBB, W AF REGNERY, RL OLSON, JG PERKINS, BA BIBB, W TI SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE ANTIGEN IN SUSPECTED CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE SO LANCET LA English DT Note ID ANGIOMATOSIS; AGENT AB There are no generally accepted diagnostic tests for cat-scratch disease (CSD), the cause of which is unknown. During the development of an indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test for detection of antibodies to "Rochalimaea henselae", sera from patients with CSD were found to have high titres to R henselae antigens. Further tests with this assay showed that 36 (88%) of 41 patients with suspected CSD had serum titres of 64 or more to R henselae antigen, that there was a low prevalence (3%) of substantial titres to R henselae in healthy controls (n = 107), and that the immune responses to R henselae antigens were specific. These data suggest that the R henselae IFA test, or other serological assays based on R henselae, may be useful for diagnosis of CSD. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP REGNERY, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 425 Z9 437 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 13 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8807 BP 1443 EP 1445 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92032-B PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HY317 UT WOS:A1992HY31700005 PM 1351130 ER PT J AU GLASS, RI LIBEL, M BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD AF GLASS, RI LIBEL, M BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN THE AMERICA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 PAN AMER HLTH ORG,HLTH SITUAT & TREND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC. RP GLASS, RI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 12 PY 1992 VL 256 IS 5063 BP 1524 EP 1525 DI 10.1126/science.1598586 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HY075 UT WOS:A1992HY07500019 PM 1598586 ER PT J AU SALTZMAN, LE MERCY, JA OCARROLL, PW ROSENBERG, ML RHODES, PH AF SALTZMAN, LE MERCY, JA OCARROLL, PW ROSENBERG, ML RHODES, PH TI WEAPON INVOLVEMENT AND INJURY OUTCOMES IN FAMILY AND INTIMATE ASSAULTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; HOMICIDE; WOMEN; GUNS AB Objective. - To compare the risk of death and the risk of nonfatal injury during firearm-associated family and intimate assaults (FIAs) with the risks during non-firearm-associated FiAs. Design. - Records review of police incident reports of FIAs that occurred in 1984. Victim outcomes (death, nonfatal injury, no injury) and weapon involvement were examined for incidents involving only one perpetrator. Setting. - City of Atlanta, Ga, within Fulton County. Participants. - Stratified sample (n = 142) of victims of nonfatal FIAs, drawn from seven nonfatal crime categories, plus all fatal victims (n = 23) of FIAs. Main Outcome Measures.-Risk of death (vs nonfatal injury or no injury) during FIAs involving firearms, relative to other types of weapons; risk of nonfatal injury (vs all other outcomes, including death) during FIAs involving firearms, relative to other types of weapons. Results. - Firearm-associated FIAs were 3.O times (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 10.0) more likely to result in death than FIAs involving knives or other cutting instruments and 23.4 times (95% confidence interval, 7.0 to 78.6) more likely to result in death than FIAs involving other weapons or bodily force. Overall, firearm-associated FIAs were 12.0 times (95% confidence interval, 4.6 to 31.5) more likely to result in death than non-firearm-associated FIAs. Conclusions. - Strategies for limiting the number of deaths and injuries resulting from FIAs include reducing the access of potential FIA assailants to firearms, modifying firearm lethality through redesign, and establishing programs for primary prevention of violence among intimates. RP SALTZMAN, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU400931-01-1] NR 45 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 22 BP 3043 EP 3047 DI 10.1001/jama.267.22.3043 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW970 UT WOS:A1992HW97000024 PM 1588718 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML OCARROLL, PW POWELL, KE AF ROSENBERG, ML OCARROLL, PW POWELL, KE TI LETS BE CLEAR - VIOLENCE IS A PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 10 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 22 BP 3071 EP 3072 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW970 UT WOS:A1992HW97000030 PM 1588723 ER PT J AU ROBSON, SC ADAMS, S BRINK, N WOODRUFF, B BRADLEY, D AF ROBSON, SC ADAMS, S BRINK, N WOODRUFF, B BRADLEY, D TI HOSPITAL OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-E SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A C1 UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,DIV VIROL,LONDON W1P 6DB,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ROBSON, SC (reprint author), UNIV CAPE TOWN,MRC,CTR LIVER,CAPE TOWN,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 6 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 6 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8806 BP 1424 EP 1425 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91250-C PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HX636 UT WOS:A1992HX63600055 PM 1350840 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR TOKARS, JI GRIECO, MH CRAWFORD, JT WILLIAMS, J SORDILLO, EM ONG, KR KILBURN, JO DOOLEY, SW CASTRO, KG JARVIS, WR HOLMBERG, SD AF EDLIN, BR TOKARS, JI GRIECO, MH CRAWFORD, JT WILLIAMS, J SORDILLO, EM ONG, KR KILBURN, JO DOOLEY, SW CASTRO, KG JARVIS, WR HOLMBERG, SD TI AN OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS WITH THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; SHELTER AB Background. Since 1990 several clusters of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have been identified among hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We investigated one such cluster in a voluntary hospital in New York. Methods. We compared exposures among 18 patients with AIDS in whom tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin was diagnosed from January 1989 through April 1990 (the case patients) with exposures among 30 control patients who had AIDS and tuberculosis susceptible to isoniazid, streptomycin, or both. We also compared exposures among the 14 case patients hospitalized during the six months before the diagnosis of tuberculosis (the exposure period) with those among 44 control patients with AIDS matched for duration of hospitalization. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were typed with analysis of restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). Results. Case patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis were significantly more likely than controls with drug-susceptible tuberculosis to have been hospitalized during their exposure periods (14 of 18 vs. 10 of 30) (odds ratio, 7.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 36; P = 0.006). Case patients hospitalized during their exposure periods were significantly more likely to have been hospitalized on the same ward as a patient with infectious drug-resistant tuberculosis than were either controls with drug-susceptible tuberculosis hospitalized during their exposure periods or controls matched for duration of hospitalization (13 of 14 vs. 2 of 10 and 23 of 44) (odds ratio, 52; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.1 to 2474; P < 0.001; and odds ratio, infinity; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to infinity; P = 0.005, respectively). Among those hospitalized on the same ward, the rooms of case patients were closer to that of the nearest patient with infectious tuberculosis than were the rooms of controls matched for duration of hospitalization. M. tuberculosis isolates from 15 of 16 case patients had identical patterns on RFLP analysis. Of 16 patients' rooms tested with air-flow studies, only 1 had the recommended negative-pressure ventilation. Conclusions. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is readily transmitted among hospitalized patients with AIDS. Physicians must be alert to this danger and must enforce adherence to the measures recommended to prevent nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 23 TC 705 Z9 718 U1 1 U2 13 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 4 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 23 BP 1514 EP 1521 DI 10.1056/NEJM199206043262302 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW972 UT WOS:A1992HW97200002 PM 1304721 ER PT J AU SCHOENDORF, KC HOGUE, CJR KLEINMAN, JC ROWLEY, D AF SCHOENDORF, KC HOGUE, CJR KLEINMAN, JC ROWLEY, D TI MORTALITY AMONG INFANTS OF BLACK AS COMPARED WITH WHITE COLLEGE-EDUCATED PARENTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; POSTNEONATAL MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; PRETERM LABOR AB Background. In the United States, black infants are twice as likely to die as white infants; this difference reflects both black infants' higher rates of low birth weight and the higher mortality among black infants of normal birth weight. We studied mortality in infants born to college-educated parents in order to investigate this gap while controlling for sociodemographic variables. Methods. We used the National Linked Birth and Infant Death Files for 1983 through 1985 to calculate infant mortality rates for children born to college-educated parents. The study population consisted of 865,128 white infants and 42,230 black infants. A separate effect of birth weight was assessed by examining mortality rates before and after the exclusion of infants weighing less than 2500 g at birth (low-birth-weight infants). Results. In this population, the infant mortality rate was 10.2 per 1000 live births for black infants and 5.4 per 1000 live births for white infants; the adjusted odds ratio for death among black infants was 1.82 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.64 to 2.01). The rate of low birth weight was more than twice as high among blacks (7 percent) as among whites (3 percent), although the mortality rate in this group was not higher among blacks than among whites. Black infants were three times as likely as white infants die of causes attributable to perinatal events, including prematurity. They were no more likely to die of the sudden infant death syndrome. After the exclusion of low-birth-weight infants, the mortality rates for black and white infants were equal. Conclusions. In contrast to black infants in the general population, black infants born to college-educated parents have higher mortality rates than similar white infants only because of their higher rates of low birth weight. Black and white infants of normal birth weight have equivalent mortality rates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHOENDORF, KC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV ANAL,RM 1080,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 22 TC 221 Z9 223 U1 0 U2 7 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 4 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 23 BP 1522 EP 1526 DI 10.1056/NEJM199206043262303 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW972 UT WOS:A1992HW97200003 PM 1579135 ER PT J AU MCMILLAN, NS MARTIN, SA SOBSEY, MD WAIT, DA MERIWETHER, RA MACCORMACK, JN AF MCMILLAN, NS MARTIN, SA SOBSEY, MD WAIT, DA MERIWETHER, RA MACCORMACK, JN TI OUTBREAK OF PHARYNGOCONJUNCTIVAL FEVER AT A SUMMER CAMP - NORTH-CAROLINA, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 342-344, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCMILLAN, NS (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 21 BP 2867 EP 2868 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW133 UT WOS:A1992HW13300007 ER PT J AU SHORTER, NA WOODELL, JP COLE, TB HAYES, JA MACCORMACK, JN AF SHORTER, NA WOODELL, JP COLE, TB HAYES, JA MACCORMACK, JN TI SUCTION-DRAIN INJURY IN A PUBLIC WADING POOL - NORTH-CAROLINA, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 333-335, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 DURHAM CTY HLTH DEPT,DURHAM,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SHORTER, NA (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,PEDIAT SURG SECT,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 21 BP 2868 EP 2868 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW133 UT WOS:A1992HW13300008 ER PT J AU TOKARS, JI BELL, DM CULVER, DH MARCUS, R MENDELSON, MH SLOAN, EP FARBER, BF FLIGNER, D CHAMBERLAND, ME MCKIBBEN, PS MARTONE, WJ AF TOKARS, JI BELL, DM CULVER, DH MARCUS, R MENDELSON, MH SLOAN, EP FARBER, BF FLIGNER, D CHAMBERLAND, ME MCKIBBEN, PS MARTONE, WJ TI PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES DURING SURGICAL-PROCEDURES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B; RISK; TRANSMISSION; OPERATIONS; INFECTION; SURGEONS AB Objective. --To study the numbers and circumstances of percutaneous injuries (eg, needle sticks, cuts) that occur during surgical procedures. Surgical personnel risk infection with blood-borne pathogens from percutaneous injuries; some injuries might also place patients at risk by exposing them to a health care worker's blood. Design. --Observers present at 1382 surgical procedures recorded information about the procedure, the personnel present, and percutaneous injuries that occurred. Setting. --Four US teaching hospitals during 1990. Participants. --Operating room personnel in five surgical specialties. Main Outcome Measures. --Numbers and circumstances of percutaneous injuries among surgical personnel and instances in which surgical instruments that had injured a worker recontacted the patient's surgical wound. Results. --Ninety-nine injuries occurred during 95 (6.9%) of the 1382 procedures. Seventy-six injuries (77%) were caused by suture needles and affected the nondominant hand (62 injuries [63%]), especially the distal forefinger. The risk of injury adjusted for confounding variables by logistic regression was higher during vaginal hysterectomy (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.6 to 7.5) and lower during certain orthopedic procedures (OR, 0.2; Cl, 0.1 to 0.7) than during 11 other types of procedures (reference group; OR, 1.0). Use of fingers rather than an instrument to hold the tissue being sutured was associated with 35 injuries (35%). Eighty-eight injuries (89%) were sustained by resident or attending surgeons; in 28 (32%) of the 88 injuries in surgeons, the sharp object that caused the injury recontacted the patient. Conclusion. --Percutaneous injuries occur regularly during surgery, placing surgical personnel and, to a lesser extent, patients at risk for infection with blood-borne pathogens. Many such injuries may be preventable with changes in devices, techniques, or protective equipment; all such measures require careful evaluation to determine their efficacy in reducing injury and their effect on patient care. C1 N SHORE UNIV HOSP,CORNELL UNIV MED COLL,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,MANHASSET,NY 11030. CHRIST HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,OAK LAWN,IL. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. COOK CTY HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RP TOKARS, JI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 184 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 3 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 21 BP 2899 EP 2904 DI 10.1001/jama.267.21.2899 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HW133 UT WOS:A1992HW13300026 PM 1583758 ER PT J AU DIALLO, MO ACKAH, AN LAFONTAINE, MF DOORLY, R ROUX, R KANGA, JM HEROIN, P DECOCK, KM AF DIALLO, MO ACKAH, AN LAFONTAINE, MF DOORLY, R ROUX, R KANGA, JM HEROIN, P DECOCK, KM TI HIV-1 AND HIV-2 INFECTIONS IN MEN ATTENDING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; COTE-DIVOIRE; AFRICA; WEST-AFRICA ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; GENITAL ULCERS; NAIROBI PROSTITUTES; AFRICA; AIDS AB Objective: (1) To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and associated risk factors in men attending Abidjan's three sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics; (2) to examine the use of such sites for epidemiological surveillance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Abidjan's two main STD clinics (Clinics A and T), and the University Hospital Dermatology outpatients clinic. Patients: Consecutive patients with genitourinary symptoms. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of reactivity to HIV-1, HIV-2, and both viruses; descriptive characteristics of clinic attenders; clinical diagnoses of STD; risk factors associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 positivity. Results: The overall prevalence of HIV (HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) infection was 21% (250 out of 1169; 16% HIV-1, 2% HIV-2, 3% dual reactivity). Overall prevalence varied by clinic: University Hospital Dermatology outpatients clinic, 39%; Clinic T, 19%; Clinic A, 10%. Men with STD had an overall prevalence of 31% (155 out of 506), compared with 14% in men without physical signs of STD (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.6). The highest prevalence, 46%, was in men with genital ulcer disease. Risk factors associated with HIV-1 as well as with HIV-2 infection after multivariate analysis were a history of sex with prostitutes, lack of circumcision, being unskilled, and a history of prior genital ulcer. Current genital ulcer, current STD and positive Treponema pallidum haemagluttination assay were associated with HIV-1 and dual reactivity. Conclusions: Risk factors for HIV-2 infection in men attending Abidjan STD clinics were broadly similar to those for HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 infection was more strongly associated with current STD. Important differences between the three clinics were observed in STD prevalence and type, and HIV seroprevalence. Such differences should be taken into account in the planning of HIV serosurveillance in STD clinics. C1 PROJECT RETRO CI,01 BP 1712,ABIDJAN 01,COTE IVOIRE. INST HYG,DISPENSAIRE ANTIVENERIENE,TREICHVILLE,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV COTE IVOIRE,CHU TREICHVILLE,CTR DERMATOL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 6 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1097/00002030-199206000-00010 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HW533 UT WOS:A1992HW53300010 PM 1326994 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST FOLKS, TM TI APPLICATION OF LATENT HIV-1 INFECTED CELLULAR-MODELS TO THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; NORMAL HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; T-CELL; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; GENE-EXPRESSION; HTLV-III/LAV AB The 10-year period of clinical latency following infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 remains as a tremendous opportunity for therapeutic intervention. To decipher the viral and cellular mechanisms involved in controlling active and nonproductive viral expression, chromically infected cell lines have been developed which mimic in vivo latency at a cellular level. This review compares these models of chronic infection, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of this approach to the understanding of AIDS progression. In addition, it accentuates the utility of these models of chronic infection in the development and testing of novel drugs aimed at altering the efferent component of the HIV-1 fife cycle. It is this component of the viral life cycle that has remained largely unexplored and open to novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of lethal immunosuppression. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 6 BP 991 EP 995 DI 10.1089/aid.1992.8.991 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JG873 UT WOS:A1992JG87300002 PM 1503831 ER PT J AU GIDEON, JA CARMODY, TW AF GIDEON, JA CARMODY, TW TI PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT - RESOURCES FROM THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL-ENGINEERS FOR USE BY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Industrial hygienists often work closely with engineers to control occupational safety and health hazards. This working relationship involves an educational process in which both engineers and industrial hygienists learn from one another. The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is expanding the opportunity for interdisciplinary cooperation and education by producing a series of guidelines publications on the technical and scientific issues critical to preventing and mitigating major releases of toxic materials. Examples of these guidelines include Hazard Evaluation Procedures; Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety; Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis; and Safe Storage and Handling of Highly Toxic Hazardous Materials. Additional topics are addressed in the 8 guidelines in print and the 15 others in preparation. Several guidelines contain specific examples that illustrate how industrial hygienists, engineers, and other readers can use the guidelines to help address chemical process safety problems. Another CCPS activity involves an effort to include an awareness of health, safety, and loss prevention as an integral part of undergraduate chemical engineering education. For practicing engineers and industrial hygienists, a number of continuing education courses on topics such as process hazard analysis, process risk assessment, and process safety are offered by the AIChE. All of these resources are particularly timely in light of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's recently enacted rule on Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. C1 CTR CHEM PROC SAFETY,NEW YORK,NY 10017. RP GIDEON, JA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 6 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HX735 UT WOS:A1992HX73500012 PM 1605114 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K SILVERMAN, D ZAEBST, D AF STEENLAND, K SILVERMAN, D ZAEBST, D TI EXPOSURE TO DIESEL EXHAUST IN THE TRUCKING INDUSTRY AND POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS WITH LUNG-CANCER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE DIESEL EXPOSURES; TRUCKING; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DATA; LUNG CANCER ID WORKERS AB We previously reported that long-term truck drivers and mechanics in the Teamsters Union had higher lung cancer risks than Teamsters outside the trucking industry. We now summarize results from an industrial hygiene survey of current exposures to diesel exhaust in the trucking industry, and relate these to our prior results pertaining to lung cancer risk. C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,MAILSTOP R13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700210612 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HV345 UT WOS:A1992HV34500011 PM 1621697 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR JUDD, R COFFIELD, LM GREER, P ROLSTON, F EVATT, BL AF ZAKI, SR JUDD, R COFFIELD, LM GREER, P ROLSTON, F EVATT, BL TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND ANAL CARCINOMA - RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS BY INSITU HYBRIDIZATION AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; CERVICAL-CARCINOMA; REACTION PERMITS; UTERINE CERVIX; GENE-PRODUCT; DNA; CANCER; SEQUENCES; AMPLIFICATION; CONDYLOMA AB To examine the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with anal squamous cell carcinoma, the authors applied the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques to detect HPV DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 18 patients. The presence of HPV types 16/18 in 3 (16.7%) of 18 patients with anal carcinoma was found, using a colorimetric ISH technique for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 35, and 51. Results from one of these three patients were also positive for HPV 31, 35, 51 by ISH techniques. When the same series was analyzed using the PCR and consensus primers to the L1 open reading frame of the HPV genomes, the frequency of positive patients rose to 14 (77.8%) of 18. PCR analysis of the 14 lesions containing HPV DNA using type-specific primers and probes for HPV 6 11,16,18, and 33, showed that 1 contained HPV 6, 1 contained HPV 11, 4 contained HPV 16, 1 contained HPV 18, 1 contained HPV 33, 5 contained HPV of unclassified type(s), and 1 contained a mixture of three HPV types There was concordance between typing of cases that were positive by ISH and PCR methods. These data agree with the concept that HPV, in particular type 16, is implicated in the pathogenesis of anal cancer. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,MED LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP ZAKI, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,G-32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1355 PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA HY135 UT WOS:A1992HY13500009 PM 1318640 ER PT J AU HENNING, KJ POLLACK, DM FRIEDMAN, SM AF HENNING, KJ POLLACK, DM FRIEDMAN, SM TI A NEONATAL HEPATITIS-B SURVEILLANCE AND VACCINATION PROGRAM - NEW-YORK-CITY, 1987 TO 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; MOTHERS AB From July 1987 to June 1988, 1030 pregnant women with hepatitis B were reported to a New York City surveillance program. Among 832 infants under follow-up, the coverage rates for combined hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine doses 1, 2, and 3 were 84%, 77%, and 59%, respectively. Infants covered by Medicaid and uninsured Black and Hispanic infants were significantly less likely to be completely vaccinated. An estimated 160 cases of chronic hepatitis B infection were prevented among infants enrolled in the program. Strategies are needed to improve vaccine coverage among hard-to-reach groups. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR IMMUNIZAT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT SERV,125 WORTH ST,BOX 21,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 885 EP 888 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.6.885 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HW165 UT WOS:A1992HW16500023 PM 1585970 ER PT J AU KAISER, RL AF KAISER, RL TI INTRODUCTION OF THE SOPER LECTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article RP KAISER, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 625 EP 625 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JD142 UT WOS:A1992JD14200001 PM 1621886 ER PT J AU HERRERABASTO, E PREVOTS, DR LUISAZARATE, J SILVA, L SEPULVEDAAMOR, J AF HERRERABASTO, E PREVOTS, DR LUISAZARATE, J SILVA, L SEPULVEDAAMOR, J TI 1ST REPORTED OUTBREAK OF CLASSICAL DENGUE FEVER AT 1,700 METERS ABOVE SEA-LEVEL IN GUERRERO STATE, MEXICO, JUNE 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES AB An outbreak of classical dengue fever occurred from March to August 1988 in the city of Taxco, Guerrero State, Mexico. Taxco is at an elevation of 1,700 meters above sea level, and this study represents the highest altitude at which an outbreak of dengue has been documented. An investigation was conducted to obtain serologic confirmation of dengue infection, determine the extent of the outbreak, and identify risk factors for dengue illness. Toxorhynchites cell lines were used for viral isolation, and hemagglutination inhibition was used to measure anti-dengue antibody titers. The case definition used in the investigation was any person with fever, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias, or rash or retroocular pain. Dengue virus type 1 was isolated from five acute cases. Of 1,686 persons living in the affected area, 42% (715) met the case definition. Large (200-liter) water containers were significantly associated with infection (relative risk = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.5-1.9). The effect of altitude on epidemic transmission is most likely modulated by seasonal temperatures. The epidemiologic and serologic confirmation of a dengue outbreak at 1,700 meters above sea level represents the capability of Aedes aegypti to adapt to new environments, and the potential for epidemic spread in cities at comparable altitudes or higher. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL EPIDEMIOL & REFERENCE LAB,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. COORDINATED HLTH SERV,GUERNERO,MEXICO. MINIST HLTH,SUBSECRETARY HLTH,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. RP HERRERABASTO, E (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 649 EP 653 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JD142 UT WOS:A1992JD14200005 PM 1621889 ER PT J AU SARTI, E SCHANTZ, PM PLANCARTE, A WILSON, M GUTIERREZ, IO LOPEZ, AS ROBERTS, J FLISSER, A AF SARTI, E SCHANTZ, PM PLANCARTE, A WILSON, M GUTIERREZ, IO LOPEZ, AS ROBERTS, J FLISSER, A TI PREVALENCE AND RISK-FACTORS FOR TAENIA-SOLIUM TAENIASIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN HUMANS AND PIGS IN A VILLAGE IN MORELOS, MEXICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; SAGINATA AB In a Mexican village in which Taenia solium infection was known to be endemic, we selected a cluster sample of 368 households (21% of the total) for demographic, environmental, and diagnostic surveys, and medical histories for taeniasis and cysticercosis. Coproparasitologic studies of 1, 531 participants revealed infection by Taenia sp. in four (0.3%) individuals; however, 5.8% of the respondents reported a history of having passed tapeworm proglottids in feces. Of 1, 552 human serum specimens, 10.8% tested positive in the cysticercosis immunoblot assay. Seropositivity increased with age and reached a maximum in subjects ages 46-55 years. Risk factors associated with seropositivity included a history of passing tapeworm proglottids, frequent consumption of pork, and poor personal and household hygiene (P < 0.05). A history of seizures was also significantly associated with seropositivity (P < 0.05); approximately one-third of persons with such histories were seropositive. Of 571 pigs examined by tongue inspection, 23 (4.0%) had cysticerci; infection rates increased with the age of pigs, and were higher in pigs that habitually ran loose or were fed human feces (P < 0.05). Goodness of fit analysis confirmed that seropositive persons (but not infected pigs) were significantly clustered within households, particularly, in households in which a member reported a history of having passed tapeworm proglottids. The results of this study have identified community behavioral and environmental practices that must be modified to prevent continued transmission of cysticercosis and taeniasis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST INVEST BIOMED,DEPT IMMUNOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP SARTI, E (reprint author), SECRETARIA SALUD MEXICO,DIRECC GEN EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NR 33 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 677 EP 685 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JD142 UT WOS:A1992JD14200009 PM 1621892 ER PT J AU SHARMA, P RUEBUSH, TK CAMPBELL, GH RICHMAN, SJ WILKINS, PP BRODERSON, JR ARDESHIR, F GROSS, M SILVERMAN, C SKINNER, JC FILIPSKI, V WILSON, C ROBERTS, JM MA, NSF STANFILL, PS REESE, RT COLLINS, WE AF SHARMA, P RUEBUSH, TK CAMPBELL, GH RICHMAN, SJ WILKINS, PP BRODERSON, JR ARDESHIR, F GROSS, M SILVERMAN, C SKINNER, JC FILIPSKI, V WILSON, C ROBERTS, JM MA, NSF STANFILL, PS REESE, RT COLLINS, WE TI IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY TRIALS IN AOTUS-NANCYMAI MONKEYS WITH MODEL COMPOUNDS REPRESENTING PARTS OF A 75-KD MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MALARIA; IMMUNIZATION; ADJUVANT; TRANSLOCATION; VACCINATION AB We tested the ability of a recombinant DNA-encoded fragment (C7Ag) of a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite protein (p75) and of two carrier-free peptide models (28-mer and 76-mer) to stimulate boostable antibody responses in Aotus nancymai monkeys. In addition, we evaluated protection against challenge with the Uganda Palo Alto (FUP) strain of this parasite. The data indicate that C7Ag elicited a strong and boostable IgG antibody response in all the monkeys immunized. However, studies with the peptide models demonstrated that various animals produce antibodies to different portions of this structure. When the post-boost sera from monkeys immunized with C7Ag were analyzed for reactivity against two major portions of C7Ag, most of the antibody response was observed against the disulfide-bonded 76-residue region that forms a conformational immunogenic epitope. In the same sera, antibody levels against the charged helical region modeled with a 28-mer were generally low. Immunization with synthetic peptides revealed that the 76-mer stimulated an antibody response almost as strong as C7Ag, with substantial cross-reactivity against the parasite antigen. The 28-mer evoked a response that was not efficient or uniform, and showed little reactivity with the authentic parasite antigen. Aotus nancymai was shown to be susceptible to infection with the Uganda Palo Alto strain of P. falciparum; however, maximum parasitemia varied markedly in both immunized and control monkeys. Statistical analysis failed to recognize differences in maximum parasitemia between the vaccine and control groups. The variation in maximum parasitemia suggests that the FUP strain in this species of Aotus is a poor model for the detection of differences in efficacy based on maximum parasitemia. This initial study with structures based on parts of the 7 5-kD merozoite surface antigen of P. falciparum indicated that both the recombinant-produced protein C7 and the 76-mer synthetic peptide, when combined with a Syntex adjuvant formulation, were safe and immunogenic in A. nancymai monkeys. However, the data emphasize the problems of using animal models to evaluate the potential effects of immunogens in humans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. SK F LABS, DEPT MOLEC GENET, KING OF PRUSSIA, PA USA. HARVARD UNIV, NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE RES CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. RP SHARMA, P (reprint author), AGOURON INST, LA JOLLA, CA USA. OI Sharma, Pawan/0000-0002-2525-5451 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 691 EP 707 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JD142 UT WOS:A1992JD14200011 PM 1621894 ER PT J AU SANDEN, GN MORRILL, WE FIELDS, BS BREIMAN, RF BARBAREE, JM AF SANDEN, GN MORRILL, WE FIELDS, BS BREIMAN, RF BARBAREE, JM TI INCUBATION OF WATER SAMPLES CONTAINING AMEBAS IMPROVES DETECTION OF LEGIONELLAE BY THE CULTURE METHOD SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION; GUINEA-PIG; PNEUMOPHILA; AMEBAS; MEDIA; ASSOCIATION; PROTOZOAN; OUTBREAK; MICDADEI AB Some protozoans isolated from aquatic habitats, including domestic water supplies, can support the intracellular replication of autochthonous legionellae in vitro. We studied the effect of incubating water samples containing amoebae on the sensitivity of culture for legionellae. Samples collected during investigations of legionellosis epidemics and shown by conventional culture procedures to contain amoebae, but not legionellae, were incubated at 35-degrees-C and replated. Legionellae were recovered from 59 of 144 such samples. Species isolated included L. pneumophila, L. anisa, L. bozemanii, L. gormanii, L. micdadei, L. rubrilucens, L. sainthelensi, L. steigerwaltii, and an unnamed species. Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba hatchetti, a Rosculus sp., Hartmannella vermiformis, and Vahlkampfia spp. were among the autochthonous amoebae identified. Legionellae were recovered by this procedure from only 3 of 63 samples that were negative for amoebae by conventional culture procedures. These results show that water samples negative for legionellae, but positive for amoebae, by standard culture techniques should be incubated and replated to maximize the sensitivity of culture for legionellae. RP SANDEN, GN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 58 IS 6 BP 2001 EP 2004 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HX945 UT WOS:A1992HX94500032 PM 1622278 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA BRYAN, RT HEWANLOWE, KO VISVESVARA, GS WEBER, R CALI, A ANGRITT, P AF SCHWARTZ, DA BRYAN, RT HEWANLOWE, KO VISVESVARA, GS WEBER, R CALI, A ANGRITT, P TI DISSEMINATED MICROSPORIDIOSIS (ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM) AND ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME - AUTOPSY EVIDENCE FOR RESPIRATORY ACQUISITION SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; AIDS; PATIENT; DIAGNOSIS; CUNICULI AB Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites that infect a variety of cell types in a broad range of invertebrates and vertebrates. They have recently come to medical attention due to the increased frequency with which members of two microsporidian genera, Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon, are being diagnosed in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The majority of published reports of human microsporidiosis describe Enterocytozoon infection of small intestinal enterocytes. In addition, a growing number of AIDS patients have been identified with infection due to the two species of Encephalitozoon-Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem, observed in conjunctival, corneal, and, recently, sinonasal tissues. However, there are scant data regarding the systemic pathology and epidemiology of these infections. This article describes a patient with AIDS who died with systemic Encephalitozoon infection. The etiologic microsporidian was found to be E hellem by using antemortem biochemical and antigenic analyses. A complete autopsy, the first to be reported in a patient with this infection, revealed organisms in the eyes, urinary tract, and respiratory tract. A surprising observation was the occurrence of numerous organisms within the lining epithelium of almost the entire length of the tracheobronchial tree, suggestive of respiratory acquisition. Detailed light and electron microscopic findings and the biological and diagnostic features of microsporidiosis are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS PATHOL,DIV AIDS PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEWARK,NJ 07102. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP SCHWARTZ, DA (reprint author), GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,80 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30335, USA. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 41 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 116 IS 6 BP 660 EP 668 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HX009 UT WOS:A1992HX00900027 PM 1616428 ER PT J AU WEY, HE BREITENSTEIN, MJ TORAASON, MA AF WEY, HE BREITENSTEIN, MJ TORAASON, MA TI INHIBITION OF INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES BY FRACTIONATED ASPHALT FUME CONDENSATES SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Note ID INTER-CELLULAR COMMUNICATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE CONDENSATE; METABOLIC COOPERATION; TUMOR PROMOTION; GROWTH; CELLS; ASSAY AB Asphalt fume condensate (AFC) and chromatographically separated fractions have been shown to cause cancer in mouse skin. The levels of known carcinogenic initiators in these complex mixtures, however, are considered too low to account for their carcinogenic potency. It has been proposed that AFC may contain co-carcinogenic or tumor-promoting agents in addition to carcinogenic initiators. Modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been implicated as an important effect of tumor promoters. In this study, we examined the effect of rive chromatographically generated fractions of AFC on GJIC in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). HEK cells were exposed overnight to medium containing DMSO extracts of AFC fractions. GJIC was evaluated by dye-coupling of micro-injected Lucifer Yellow CH. All AFC fractions produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of GJIC. The apparent potency of each fraction correlated with its relative polarity based on HPLC elution characteristics. Cells with reduced GJIC as a result of AFC fraction exposure were found to exclude propidium iodide, suggesting that inhibition of GJIC occurred in the absence of cell killing. However, significantly reduced culture DNA content was found following the overnight exposure to the highest concentrations of AFC fractions C, D and E. RP WEY, HE (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1050 DI 10.1093/carcin/13.6.1047 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HZ880 UT WOS:A1992HZ88000024 PM 1600610 ER PT J AU BINKIN, N SULLIVAN, K STAEHLING, N NIEBURG, P AF BINKIN, N SULLIVAN, K STAEHLING, N NIEBURG, P TI RAPID NUTRITION SURVEYS - HOW MANY CLUSTERS ARE ENOUGH SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB On the basis of theoretical considerations, population-based nutrition surveys of 30 clusters of 30 children should provide reasonably valid estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition with at least 95 per cent confidence that the estimated prevalence differs from the true value by no more than 5 per cent. In areas of famine in Africa, where an urgent need often exists for rapid nutritional assessment to determine the extent and severity of the problem, visiting 30 sites is often logistically difficult. To determine the effects of using fewer than 30 clusters on the validity and precision of the estimated level of undernutrition, we used data from the 1983 Swaziland National Nutrition Survey and from rapid nutrition surveys performed in 1984 and 1985 in Burkina Faso, Guinea, and Niger. Fewer than 30 clusters may result in point prevalence estimates that differ dramatically from the true prevalence and, in most instances, are less precise. In contrast, little is gained by collecting more than 30 clusters. In summary, around 30 clusters provides relatively valid and precise estimates of the prevalence of undernutrition, and every effort should be made to obtain the logistic support required to study this number of clusters. RP BINKIN, N (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00383.x PG 7 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA HX128 UT WOS:A1992HX12800001 PM 20958740 ER PT J AU NOJI, E AF NOJI, E TI CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL - DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES SO DISASTERS LA English DT Note ID EARTHQUAKE RP NOJI, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 175 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00392.x PG 3 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA HX128 UT WOS:A1992HX12800011 ER PT J AU VANDYCK, E SAMB, N SARR, AD VANDEVELDEN, L MORAN, J MBOUP, S NDOYE, I LAMBORAY, JL MEHEUS, A PIOT, P AF VANDYCK, E SAMB, N SARR, AD VANDEVELDEN, L MORAN, J MBOUP, S NDOYE, I LAMBORAY, JL MEHEUS, A PIOT, P TI ACCURACY OF 2 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS AND CELL-CULTURE IN THE DETECTION OF CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS IN LOW AND HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS IN SENEGAL SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MUCOPURULENT CERVICITIS; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GENITAL-TRACT; SPECIMENS; INFECTION; WOMEN; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS; RECOVERY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AB Two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), Chlamydiazyme (CZ; Abbott Laboratories) and Pathfinder (PF; Kallestadt), were compared with a cell culture technique in the detection of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 670 women in urban settings in Senegal (377 pregnant women and 293 prostitutes). Positive CZ and positive PF specimens were tested a second time using a monoclonal antibody blocking technique. True positive specimens were defined as those positive on culture or positive on EIA with confirmation of the result after blocking. Using this definition, the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection was 14.6 % and 14.3 % in pregnant women and prostitutes respectively. An important difference between the two populations was that the pregnant women were younger than the prostitutes, which might explain the fact that the prevalence of infection among the pregnant women was as high as that among the prostitutes, although the age-adjusted prevalence was higher among prostitutes than among pregnant women. The chlamydial detection rates of cell culture, CZ and PF were 62 % (26/42),69 % (29/42) and 86 % (36/42) respectively in prostitutes and 76 % (42/55), 40 % (22/55) and 53 % (29/55) respectively in pregnant women. Agreement between the tests was 89 %, 85 % and 88 % for culture/CZ, culture/PF and CZ/PF respectively. However, when data were adjusted for chance agreement, kappa coefficients were 0.40 for culture/CZ, 0.34 for culture/PF and 0.48 for CZ/PE These results indicate that the accuracy of the EIAs and cell culture may vary greatly in different populations: both EIAs showed a distinctly higher detection rate than culture in prostitutes and a significantly lower detection rate in pregnant women. Confirmation of positive EIA results with a blocking assay greatly enhanced the specificity of the antigen detection tests and should be obtained when using the EIAs in a clinical setting. C1 HOP ARISTIDE LE DANTEC,BACTERIOL & VIROL LAB,DAKAR,SENEGAMBIA. COOPERAT MED BELGE,PROJET PIKINE,DAKAR,SENEGAMBIA. BUR NATL MST,DAKAR,SENEGAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WORLD BANK,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. WHO,STD VTD PROGRAMME,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP VANDYCK, E (reprint author), INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,DEPT MICROBIOL,NATIONALESTR 155,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA JJ179 UT WOS:A1992JJ17900007 PM 1526236 ER PT J AU FINNEGAN, JR ROONEY, B VISWANATH, K ELMER, P GRAVES, K BAXTER, J HERTOG, J MULLIS, R POTTER, J AF FINNEGAN, JR ROONEY, B VISWANATH, K ELMER, P GRAVES, K BAXTER, J HERTOG, J MULLIS, R POTTER, J TI PROCESS EVALUATION OF A HOME-BASED PROGRAM TO REDUCE DIET-RELATED CANCER RISK - THE WIN AT HOME SERIES SO HEALTH EDUCATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR AB A random mailed survey (response N = 226; 75.3%) of participants in diet-related home-based learning evaluated exposure to recruitment channels and impact on salience, utility, level of participation, sharing the course with others, knowledge, and performing recommended behaviors. A post-only design, the study was conducted in a small Minnesota city (population = 20,000), part of the Cancer and Diet Intervention (CANDI) project. About 18.5% of residents (3,711) enrolled during an 8-week media campaign; women, college graduates, and those over 44 years old were overrepresented. Participants learned about the program through mass media (97%); small media (41.9%); and interpersonal sources (50%). Women were more likely to learn about the course through interpersonal sources. In analysis of variance (ANOVA) modeling, salience and utility predicted level of participation in course activities. Level of participation in turn predicted nutrition knowledge and with salience predicted performance of recommended behaviors. Although the course appealed to individuals who needed it less, there was evidence of diffusion to the unenrolled. About 57% of responding participants reported sharing it with spouses; about 67% reported sharing it with someone outside their households. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH JOURNALISM,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV KENTUCKY,SCH JOURNALISM,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FINNEGAN, JR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,SUITE 300,1300 2ND ST S,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. OI Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 46013] NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0195-8402 J9 HEALTH EDUC QUART JI Health Educ. Q. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 233 EP 248 DI 10.1177/109019819201900207 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HR050 UT WOS:A1992HR05000007 PM 1618630 ER PT J AU BRYCE, J TOOLE, MJ WALDMAN, RJ VOIGT, A AF BRYCE, J TOOLE, MJ WALDMAN, RJ VOIGT, A TI ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF FACILITY-BASED CHILD SURVIVAL SERVICES SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB The facility-based assessment (FBA) method is a co-ordinated set of data collection activities, designed to determine the extent to which children are properly diagnosed and effectively treated at health facilities. Eleven African countries have conducted facility-based assessments since 1986, with support from the African Child Survival Initiative-Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases project. Components of the FBA include observations of health worker performance; exit interviews with caretakers; interviews with health service personnel; reviews of clinic records; and inventories of available equipment and supplies. Data resulting from applications of the method can be used to identify training needs among health personnel, and logistic problems that limit the quality of service delivery. Repeated surveys can be used to assess the impact of training and other interventions designed to improve service quality. RP BRYCE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,F-03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 7 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1093/heapol/7.2.155 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA JA837 UT WOS:A1992JA83700006 ER PT J AU REIDY, JA WHEELER, VA AF REIDY, JA WHEELER, VA TI SAMPLE AGE AND EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS TRANSFORMATION OF CRYOPRESERVED LYMPHOCYTES SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Letter RP REIDY, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH MSF24,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DR,STE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 28A IS 6 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA JE072 UT WOS:A1992JE07200003 ER PT J AU UDEZULU, IA VISVESVARA, GS MOSS, DM LEITCH, GJ AF UDEZULU, IA VISVESVARA, GS MOSS, DM LEITCH, GJ TI ISOLATION OF 2 GIARDIA-LAMBLIA (WB STRAIN) CLONES WITH DISTINCT SURFACE PROTEIN AND ANTIGENIC PROFILES AND DIFFERING INFECTIVITY AND VIRULENCE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GERBILS MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; EXCRETORY-SECRETORY PRODUCTS; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; ANIMAL-MODEL; MICE AB To determine the relationship between antigenic profiles and pathogenicity among Giardia lamblia clones (WB strain), trophozoites were cloned by the technique of limiting dilution. The phenotype of each clone was determined by an indirect immunofluorescence test using a polyclonal rabbit anti-G. lamblia trophozoite serum made against the parent strain. Two clones were chosen for further studies: a highly fluorescent clone, F+, in which more than 95% of the trophozoites fluoresced, and a low-fluorescence clone, F-, in which fewer than 5% fluoresced. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunotransfer blot studies of the membrane fractions of the two clones and parent strain revealed differences in both the total protein and antigenic profiles. A serum cytotoxicity test with the polyclonal serum showed that the F+ clones were more susceptible to immobilization and killing, while the majority of cells of the F- clones were resistant to such killing. Assessment of the infectivity of the two clones in the Mongolian gerbil animal model indicated that the F- clone more readily initiated infections, produced more cysts, had a higher intestinal trophozoite load, and produced a more severe clinical syndrome, while the F+ clone was less phenotypically stable in vivo and in some cases took longer to be cleared from the intestine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 60 IS 6 BP 2274 EP 2280 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HX421 UT WOS:A1992HX42100019 PM 1587594 ER PT J AU BIRKNESS, KA GEORGE, VG WHITE, EH STEPHENS, DS QUINN, FD AF BIRKNESS, KA GEORGE, VG WHITE, EH STEPHENS, DS QUINN, FD TI INTRACELLULAR GROWTH OF AFIPIA-FELIS, A PUTATIVE ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF CAT SCRATCH DISEASE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-INFECTION; PROTEINS; CELLS; INVASION AB The organism Afipia felis, which is thought to be an etiologic agent of cat scratch disease, is a gram-negative rod that is clearly seen in infected tissue but is very difficult to isolate from clinical specimens; there has been only one report to date of the successful isolation and maintenance of the bacterium on artificial medium. We have found that A. felis will attach, invade via phagocytosis, and multiply intracellularly within the phagosomes of primary human monocytes and HeLa cells. Once in the cell, the bacterium appears to change morphologically, becoming longer and more pleomorphic, and loses its ability to grow on an artificial medium. Unique proteins have been identified in both the intra- and extracellular variants of A. felis. Convalescent-phase sera from patients with cat scratch disease react poorly with intracellular and extracellular bacteria, suggesting a poor humoral response. The tissue culture protocol presented has been used to isolate 14 new strains of A. felis and has for the first time permitted study of the pathogenesis of this unique organism. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 60 IS 6 BP 2281 EP 2287 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HX421 UT WOS:A1992HX42100020 PM 1587595 ER PT J AU GERSHMAN, KA ROLFS, RT LARSEN, SA ZAIDI, A PALAFOX, NA AF GERSHMAN, KA ROLFS, RT LARSEN, SA ZAIDI, A PALAFOX, NA TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SYPHILIS EPIDEMIC IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS, FORMERLY A YAWS ENDEMIC AREA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TREPONEMATOSES; INFECTION AB The annual numbers of reported cases of syphilis in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) increased from none in 1983 to more than 600 in 1989, suggesting a large outbreak of syphilis. Much of the increase resulted from expanded serological screening. The apparent outbreak of syphilis, therefore, may have been partly the result of increased surveillance or, since the RMI was formerly a yaws endemic area, possibly due to a resurgence of yaws. To address this problem and better characterize the epidemic, we analysed results from a 1989/90 Ministry of Health Services mass serological screening on Majuro Atoll, the main population centre. Serum specimens from 9160 people (86% of residents aged 15-44 years) on Majuro were screened with the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) Gard test; we repeated the RPR and performed a confirmatory microhaemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum-specific antibodies (MHA-TP) on a sample of serum specimens. To estimate the seroprevalence of syphilis, we also tested a sample of RPR nonreactive specimens by MHA-TP. Among people less than 45 years of age, total (11.5%) and high-titre (5.2%) seropositivity rates were highest in the 20-24 year age group, as was MHA-TP seroprevalence (15.9%). These results suggested that a large outbreak of syphilis was responsible for the observed seroreactivity. Cumulative incidence modelling and comparisons with the results of a previous serosurvey conducted in 1985 suggested that the duration of the syphilis epidemic was approximately 10 years and that incidence had not increased appreciably since 1985. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GERSHMAN, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1093/ije/21.3.599 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JB408 UT WOS:A1992JB40800024 PM 1634324 ER PT J AU GREEN, TA KARON, JM NWANYANWU, OC AF GREEN, TA KARON, JM NWANYANWU, OC TI CHANGES IN AIDS INCIDENCE TRENDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES ID INFECTION; EPIDEMIC AB Estimating the current prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and projecting the future incidence of AIDS require that trends in incidence be analyzed and interpreted. We analyzed AIDS incidence trends in the United States by exposure category and selected demographic factors. In 1987, the trend in United States AIDS incidence changed as growth in the number of cases diagnosed per quarter began to decline. The slowing in growth is due in large part to a plateau in quarterly incidence in men who have sex with men in the New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and in injecting drug users in the New York City MSA and New Jersey. Incidence has also reached a plateau in both adult/adolescent and pediatric blood and blood product recipients. Quarterly U.S. AIDS incidence was roughly constant during 1990, but appears to have increased to a higher level during the first half of 1991. The variation in incidence trends among subgroups suggests that several factors have affected the trend in total incidence and that the burden of severe symptomatic HIV disease may be shifting. RP GREEN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE M-S-E48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 547 EP 555 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HV368 UT WOS:A1992HV36800002 PM 1588489 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE SPIRA, TJ FISHBEIN, DB LYNN, HS AF KAPLAN, JE SPIRA, TJ FISHBEIN, DB LYNN, HS TI 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF HIV-INFECTED HOMOSEXUAL MEN WITH LYMPHADENOPATHY SYNDROME - EVIDENCE FOR CONTINUING RISK OF DEVELOPING AIDS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; LYMPHADENOPATHY; THRUSH ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INCUBATION PERIOD; SAN-FRANCISCO; PROGRESSION; COHORT; PREDICTORS; TYPE-1; SEROCONVERSION; MARKERS; COUNTS AB Seventy-five homosexual men with lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS), subsequently shown to be seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were enrolled in a prospective study in Atlanta in 1982 and 1983. Subjects have been followed up at 3- to 6-month intervals with clinical and immunologic evaluations, including analysis of T-cell subsets. As of February 28, 1991, AIDS had developed in 36 (48%) of the 75 men. The AIDS cases continued to occur through the 10th year after onset of LAS; the 10-year cumulative incidence of AIDS was 56.6% (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis). Six-year incidence rates following the first observation of a T-helper cell count greater-than-or-equal-to 500/mm3, 400-499/mm3, 300-399/mm3, 200-299/mm3, and < 200/mm3 were 29, 35, 50, 58, and 88%, respectively. Among individual symptoms and signs, only thrush conferred a poorer prognosis (odds ratio = 5.80; 95% confidence interval, 2.93, 11.39, p < 0.001, Mantel-Byar analysis). The risk of AIDS persists 10 years after the onset of LAS. The AIDS incidence is related directly to T-helper cell depletion; with the exception of thrush, the presence or absence of symptoms and signs appears to be of lesser prognostic significance. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BLDG 6,RM 279,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HV368 UT WOS:A1992HV36800005 PM 1588492 ER PT J AU LAL, RB POVOA, M LAL, AA AF LAL, RB POVOA, M LAL, AA TI SEROPREVALENCE OF HTLV-II IN PARAGAMINOS, STATE OF PARA, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RETROVIRUSES; INFECTION C1 INST EVANDRO CHAGAS FUNDACAO SESP,BELEM,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 5 IS 6 BP 634 EP 636 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HV368 UT WOS:A1992HV36800016 PM 1588498 ER PT J AU SANTELLI, J ALEXANDER, M FARMER, M PAPA, P JOHNSON, T ROSENTHAL, B HOTRA, D AF SANTELLI, J ALEXANDER, M FARMER, M PAPA, P JOHNSON, T ROSENTHAL, B HOTRA, D TI BRINGING PARENTS INTO SCHOOL CLINICS - PARENT ATTITUDES TOWARD SCHOOL CLINICS AND CONTRACEPTION SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE CONTRACEPTION; SCHOOL-BASED CLINICS; PARENTS ID ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION; TEENAGERS; SERVICES; WOMEN AB Prior to implementing a change in school clinic policy to allow dispensing of contraceptives, parents of school-based clinic (SBC) enrollees were surveyed regarding attitudes toward clinic quality of care, desired services, and contraceptive distribution. Telephone interviews were conducted with a systematic sample of 262 parents who normally are in charge of the adolescent's health care. Parental opinion was felt to be crucial in shaping Baltimore SBC contraception policy. Parents overwhelmingly endorsed current clinic services including family planning for sexually active teens, annual physicals, and drug and alcohol counseling. Most parents rated the SBC as excellent (25%) or very good (36%), although a substantial minority found it difficult to rate the clinics (27%, "don't know"). Parents with prior verbal contact (45%) were more likely to rate the clinic as excellent (35% versus 16%) and less likely to respond "don't know" (13% versus 38%, p < 0.001). Parent attitudes toward contraception was context specific: 63% endorsed and 27-30% opposed prescribing and dispensing. If a boy (or girl) was already having sex, 76% (or 75%) of parents supported and 14% (or 17%) opposed providing birth control pills or condoms. With parental permission, 93% supported contraception and only 3% were opposed. No differences were found by age, race, gender, or grade of student. Prior verbal communication with the clinic did not affect parent attitudes toward contraception. Consideration of parent attitudes was critical to changing SBC contraceptive dispensing policy in Baltimore. Contraceptive distribution, after counseling and necessary medical care, was initiated in September 1990. The parent and community response has been very supportive. C1 BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,COMPREHENS SCH HLTH SERV PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD. RP SANTELLI, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,HIVP,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(92)90158-8 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA HZ899 UT WOS:A1992HZ89900005 PM 1610841 ER PT J AU GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI WOODS, P GOUVEA, V GORZIGLIA, M FLORES, J DAS, BK BHAN, MK AF GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI WOODS, P GOUVEA, V GORZIGLIA, M FLORES, J DAS, BK BHAN, MK TI IDENTIFICATION OF GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS GENE-4 TYPES BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE; RNA; NEUTRALIZATION; HYBRIDIZATION; SPECIFICITIES; SPECIMENS; PATTERNS; PROBES; VP7 AB Five genetically distinct human rotavirus (HRV) gene 4 groups have been described on the basis of comparative nucleotide sequencing and the predicted amino acid sequences, and at least four of them represent distinct VP4 antigenic types. To identify each gene 4 type and investigate its distribution in HRV isolates from patients with diarrhea, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing method using sequence information available for four genetically distinct gene 4 types. Rotavirus double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) isolated from stool samples were first reverse transcribed and amplified by PCR by using two oligonucleotide primers that correspond to regions that are highly conserved among all known HRV gene 4 types. The 876-bp dsDNA products were then reamplified by PCR in the presence of a cocktail containing one conserved plus-sense primer and four type-specific minus-sense primers (selected from the hypervariable region of gene 4), resulting in products of 345, 483, 267, and 391 bp corresponding to gene 4 types 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. This method reliably identified the gene 4 types of 16 well-characterized HRV isolates. Our results were independently confirmed for all 16 strains by reverse transcription and PCR amplification of HRV dsRNA in the presence of alternate type-specific primer pairs. For direct gene 4 typing of HRV in stool samples, we developed a method to extract rotavirus dsRNA from stool specimens by using glass powder. Our results suggest that gene 4 typing will be useful in providing more a complete characterization of HRV strains of epidemiologic or vaccine-related interest. C1 US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP GENTSCH, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 939 Z9 971 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1373 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300001 PM 1320625 ER PT J AU YAKRUS, MA REEVES, MW HUNTER, SB AF YAKRUS, MA REEVES, MW HUNTER, SB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATES OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM SEROTYPE-4 AND SEROTYPE-8 FROM PATIENTS WITH AIDS BY MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; DNA PROBES; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-GENETICS; INTRACELLULARE; COMPLEX; INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB Isolates of Mycobacterium avium serotypes 4 and 8 originating from patients with AIDS in New York City, Los Angeles, or San Francisco were further characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Reference strains used to produce typing antisera were also examined. Thirty-one electrophoretic types (ETs) were found among 58 isolates of serotype 4, while 10 ETs were identified among 21 isolates of serotype 8. One major was found within each serotype, and these two ETs were closely related, separated by a genetic distance of only 0.05. Six ETs were found in more than one city. In four cases, isolates of serotypes 4 and 8 shared the same ET. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis in combination with serotyping should be helpful in locating the specific infection sources of these commonly isolated opportunistic pathogens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP YAKRUS, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1474 EP 1478 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300020 PM 1624566 ER PT J AU SCHOONMAKER, D HEIMBERGER, T BIRKHEAD, G AF SCHOONMAKER, D HEIMBERGER, T BIRKHEAD, G TI COMPARISON OF RIBOTYPING AND RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS USING PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS FOR DISTINGUISHING LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA ISOLATES OBTAINED DURING A NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; POTABLE WATER; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEROGROUP-1; ENDONUCLEASES; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; PNEUMONIA; CLUSTER AB Because of the ubiquity of Legionella isolates in aquatic habitats, epidemiologic evaluation of Legionella pneumophila strains is important in the investigation and subsequent control of nosocomial outbreaks legionellosis. In this study, ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to compare isolates of L. pneumophila obtained from patients and the environment during a nosocomial outbreak with unrelated control strains. Restriction enzyme analysis by PFGE resolved 14 different patterns among the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and L. pneumophila serogroup 6 isolates involved in the study. Two of the patterns were observed in the three L. pneumophila serogroup 6 isolates from patients with confirmed nosocomial infections and environmental isolates from the potable water supply, which was, therefore, believed to be the source of the patients' infections. Three more patterns that were not present in isolates from patients with legionellosis were seen in isolates from the hospital environment, demonstrating the presence of multiple strains in the hospital environment. In the outbreak, one distinct pattern occurred among the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients with nosocomial infections, suggesting a common source; however, the source could not be determined. By comparison, ribotyping generated five patterns. However, some control strains of both L. pneumophila serogroups 1 and 6 possessed the same ribotypes as were present in the outbreak isolates. Both techniques were used successfully to subtype the isolates obtained during the investigation of the outbreak. Furthermore, restriction enzyme analysis by PFGE was useful for subdividing ribotypes and for distinguishing strains involved in the outbreak from epidemiologically unrelated strains. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHOONMAKER, D (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,BACTERIOL LABS,BOX 509,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 34 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1491 EP 1498 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300023 PM 1320629 ER PT J AU OHARA, CM MILLER, JM AF OHARA, CM MILLER, JM TI EVALUATION OF THE AUTOSCAN-W/A SYSTEM FOR RAPID (2-HOUR) IDENTIFICATION OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; MICROSCAN AB We evaluated the ability of the Baxter autoSCAN-W/A System (MicroScan Division, Baxter Diagnostics, Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.) to use the rapid (2-h) gram-negative identification panel for accurate identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. At 2 h, 353 of 467 (75.6%) strains in a challenge set of biochemically typical and atypical stock cultures were correctly identified to genus and species. Another 76 (16.3%) strains were correctly identified to genus and species after the performance of recommended additional biochemical testing. Thus, at 24 h, 91.9% of the 467 strains were correctly identified. Twenty two strains (4.7%) were identified to the correct genus but the incorrect species, and 16 strains (3.4%) were misidentified. Of these 16 strains, 9 were incorrect at 2 h, and 7 were incorrect after the additional testing. Because the system is based on fluorogenic substrates, no conventional tests were readily available with which to compare aberrant reactions. These results suggest that the autoSCAN-W/A with its rapid gram-negative panels is acceptable for the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae, in a clinical microbiology laboratory. RP OHARA, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1543 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300032 PM 1624573 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF LAL, RB KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF LAL, RB KAPLAN, JE TI SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION ASSAYS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) AND HTLV-II INFECTIONS IN HTLV-I/II-SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BLOOD-DONORS; DRUG-ABUSERS; PREVALENCE; SEQUENCE; PCR AB To confirm and differentiate between human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and HTLV-II infections, we analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 98 individuals seropositive for HTLV-I/II using pol (SK110/111) and tax (SK43/44) consensus primer pairs. A total of 96 samples (97.9%) were positive by the tax generic probe, while 95 were typed by the HTLV-I and HTLV-II pol probes. The three pol-negative samples were successfully amplified and typed by nested PCR with primers internal to SK110 and SK111. Results of PCR with a lysate of leukocyte nuclei obtained by whole blood lysis were comparable to those obtained with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 HTLV-seropositive subjects. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1605 EP 1607 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300050 PM 1624585 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BH JANSEN, RW KHANNA, B TOTSUKA, A NAINAN, OV SIEGL, G WIDELL, A MARGOLIS, HS ISOMURA, S ITO, K ISHIZU, T MORITSUGU, Y LEMON, SM AF ROBERTSON, BH JANSEN, RW KHANNA, B TOTSUKA, A NAINAN, OV SIEGL, G WIDELL, A MARGOLIS, HS ISOMURA, S ITO, K ISHIZU, T MORITSUGU, Y LEMON, SM TI GENETIC RELATEDNESS OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS-STRAINS RECOVERED FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TYPE-1; IMMUNODOMINANT; CLASSIFICATION; PROTEINS; ANTIGEN AB A pairwise comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of 168 bases from 152 wild-type or unique cell culture-adapted strains of hepatitis A virus (HAV) revealed that HAV strains can be differentiated genetically into seven unique genotypes (I to VII). In general, the nucleotide sequence of viruses in different genotypes differs at 15 to 25 % of positions within this segment of the genome. Viruses from four of the genotypes (I, II, III and VII) were recovered from cases of hepatitis A in humans, whereas viruses from the other three genotypes (IV, V and VI) were isolated only from simian species developing a hepatitis A-like illness during captivity. Among non-epidemiologically related human HAV strains, 81 were characterized as genotype I, and 19 as genotype III. Within each of these major genotypes, there were two distinct groups (subgenotypes), which differed in sequence at approximately 7.5 % of base positions. Each genotype and subgenotype has a characteristic amino acid sequence in this region of the polyprotein, with the most divergent genotypes differing at 10 of 56 residues. Strains recovered from some geographical regions belonged to a common (endemic) genotype, whereas strains from other regions belonged to several, probably imported, genotypes. Thus, HAV strains recovered in North America were for the most part closely related at the nucleotide sequence level, whereas in other regions, such as Japan and Western Europe, HAV strains were derived from multiple genotypes or sub-genotypes. These data indicate that patterns of endemic transmission can be differentiated from situations in which infections are imported due to travel. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. INST CLIN MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CH-9000 ST GALLEN,SWITZERLAND. AICHI PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH,KITA KU,NAGOYA 462,JAPAN. SHIZUOKA PREFECTURAL INST PUBL & ENVIRONM HLTH,SHIZUOKA 420,JAPAN. MIE PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH,TSU 514,JAPAN. NATL INST HLTH,MUSASHIMURAYAMA,TOKYO 208,JAPAN. UNIV LUND,MALMO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,S-21401 MALMO,SWEDEN. RP ROBERTSON, BH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR RES & REF VIRAL HEPATITIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 313 Z9 341 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 73 BP 1365 EP 1377 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-73-6-1365 PN 6 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA HY566 UT WOS:A1992HY56600006 PM 1318940 ER PT J AU HYAMS, KC PURDY, MA KAUR, M MCCARTHY, MC HUSSAIN, MAM ELTIGANI, A KRAWCZYNSKI, K BRADLEY, DW CARL, M AF HYAMS, KC PURDY, MA KAUR, M MCCARTHY, MC HUSSAIN, MAM ELTIGANI, A KRAWCZYNSKI, K BRADLEY, DW CARL, M TI ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS-E IN SUDANESE CHILDREN - ANALYSIS BASED ON A NEW WESTERN-BLOT ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; INDIA; WATER AB A newly developed Western blot assay for antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) was used to evaluate 39 cases of acute pediatric hepatitis and 39 control patients in Khartoum, Sudan. The mean age of cases was 6.5 years (range, 2-14); 64% were male. Acute hepatitis A (IgM anti-HAV-positive) was diagnosed in 13 cases, acute hepatitis B (IgM anti-HBc-positive) in 1, and acute hepatitis E (positive for IgM anti-HEV) in 23 (59%). None of the cases with IgM anti-HAV or IgM anti-HBc had IgM anti-HEV; 3 controls had IgM anti-HEV. Acute hepatitis E was associated with recent contact with a family member or acquaintance with jaundice and the presence of indoor plumbing. The newly developed hepatitis E assay appeared to be specific for the diagnosis of acute icteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. Hepatitis E was found to be the most common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children living in an urban area of Africa. C1 NATL NAVAL MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV KHARTOUM, TEACHING HOSP, DEPT PEDIAT, KHARTOUM, SUDAN. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB, DEPT VIROL, KHARTOUM, SUDAN. NR 21 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HV960 UT WOS:A1992HV96000003 PM 1583317 ER PT J AU ROMPALO, AM CANNON, RO QUINN, TC HOOK, EW AF ROMPALO, AM CANNON, RO QUINN, TC HOOK, EW TI ASSOCIATION OF BIOLOGIC FALSE-POSITIVE REACTIONS FOR SYPHILIS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SECONDARY SYPHILIS; RISK AB The prevalence of biologic false-positive (BFP) reactions for syphilis (reactive rapid plasma reagin [RPR] test, nonreactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption [FTA-ABS] test) among patients attending two sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics was evaluated to assess relationships between BFP reactions and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among 4863 patients, 357 (7.3%) had serologic evidence of syphilis and 4.9% had HIV infection. Only 40 patients (0.8% of total patients, 11% of those with reactive RPR tests) had BFP serologic tests for syphilis. There were no demographic differences between true syphilis and BFP patients as to sex, age, or intravenous drug use. BFP patients tended to have lower RPR titers (less-than-or-equal-to 1:4) than did true syphilis patients. After excluding 317 patients with reactive FTA-ABS tests, BFP RPR tests were seen in 6 (4%) of 159 HIV-seropositive patients and 34 (0.8%) of 4387 HIV-seronegative patients (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-12.7). Although more common among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected patients, BFP reactions are relatively rare among STD clinic patients, and 89% of patients with reactive RPR or VDRL serologic tests for syphilis had current or prior syphilis infection. The RPR test remains useful for guiding decisions regarding therapy for syphilis. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27727] NR 10 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1124 EP 1126 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HV960 UT WOS:A1992HV96000023 PM 1583332 ER PT J AU WAMAE, CN ROBERTS, JM EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ AF WAMAE, CN ROBERTS, JM EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ TI KINETICS OF CIRCULATING HUMAN IGG4 AFTER DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE AND IVERMECTIN TREATMENT OF BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ANTIBODY AB Patent filarial infections are associated with elevated levels of parasite-specific IgG4. This study investigated the shifts of filarial-specific human IgG and IgG4 antibodies after diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Thirty adult Haitians were treated first with a 1-mg clearing dose of ivermectin and then with either one or two 200-mu-g/kg doses of ivermectin or with 12 daily 6-mg/kg doses of diethylcarbamazine. Posttreatment levels of antifilarial IgG4 were dependent on both treatment group and time of follow-up. IgG4 increased markedly to a maximum by day 30 in all treatment groups and then began to decrease; the greatest decrease was among diethylcarbamazine-treated patients. Posttreatment microfilaremia was inversely correlated with the decrease in IgG4; thus, shifts in IgG4 were associated with treatment response for all groups. Antifilarial IgG levels were not correlated with drug treatment and did not change to the same degree as did IgG4 responses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TULANE UNIV,DEPT PARASITOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CTR MICROBIOL RES,NAIROBI,KENYA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005] NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 IS 6 BP 1158 EP 1160 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HV960 UT WOS:A1992HV96000032 PM 1583340 ER PT J AU FARLEY, MM WHITNEY, AM SPELLMAN, P QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS MAYER, L STEPHENS, DS AF FARLEY, MM WHITNEY, AM SPELLMAN, P QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS MAYER, L STEPHENS, DS TI ANALYSIS OF THE ATTACHMENT AND INVASION OF HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS BY HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER; STRAINS C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARLEY, MM (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,RES SERV 151,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-05364] NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 SU 1 BP S111 EP S114 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HW745 UT WOS:A1992HW74500037 PM 1588140 ER PT J AU FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS HARVEY, RC SIKES, RK WENGER, JD AF FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS HARVEY, RC SIKES, RK WENGER, JD TI INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE DISEASE IN ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PNEUMONIA C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. RP FARLEY, MM (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,RES SERV 151,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 SU 1 BP S42 EP S43 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HW745 UT WOS:A1992HW74500013 PM 1588175 ER PT J AU PERKINS, BA BROOME, CV AF PERKINS, BA BROOME, CV TI BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER IDENTIFIED IN A NEW REGION OF BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND PREVENTION OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE DISEASE CY SEP 24-28, 1990 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP MERCK SHARP & DOHME, PRAXIS BIOLOGICS, CONNAUGHT LABS, PASTEUR MERIEUX SERUMS & VACCINS, HOECHST ROUSSEL PHARM, MENINGITIS TRUST GREAT BRITAIN, UPJOHN, BAYER PHARM, GLAXO PHARM, ELI LILLY ID INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUSTRALIA AB Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a life-threatening pediatric infection that is preceded by conjunctivitis and caused by Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. BPF was first recognized during 1984 in the state of Sao Paulo. BPF was not reported in Brazil outside of Sao Paulo and the neighboring state of Parana until December 1989, when children with BPF were identified in the state of Mato Grosso. By April 1990, 10 children with confirmed BPF were identified from six widely separated cities in Mato Grosso. The overall attack rate for the combined population was 6/100,000 children < 10 years of age. Six (60%) of the 10 children with BPF died. The recognition of BPF in Mato Grosso suggests that the H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strain responsible for BPF has a wider geographic distribution than previously appreciated or may be capable of spreading. RP PERKINS, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 SU 1 BP S16 EP S19 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HW745 UT WOS:A1992HW74500005 ER PT J AU WENGER, JD PIERCE, R DEAVER, K FRANKLIN, R BOSLEY, G PIGOTT, N BROOME, CV AF WENGER, JD PIERCE, R DEAVER, K FRANKLIN, R BOSLEY, G PIGOTT, N BROOME, CV TI INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE DISEASE - A POPULATION-BASED EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE SEROTYPE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV RHEUMATOL,RESP & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WENGER, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SOCIOL,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,BLDG 1,RM 4413,C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 165 SU 1 BP S34 EP S35 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HW745 UT WOS:A1992HW74500010 PM 1588172 ER PT J AU HOFFMANN, P BREITENSTEIN, M TORAASON, M AF HOFFMANN, P BREITENSTEIN, M TORAASON, M TI CALCIUM TRANSIENTS IN ISOLATED CARDIAC MYOCYTES ARE ALTERED BY 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYOCYTES; CA TRANSIENT; FURA-2; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE ID NA-CA EXCHANGE; VOLATILE ANESTHETICS; RAT; INHALATION; HALOTHANE; MUSCLE; CONTRACTION; TENSION; DEATH C1 NIOSH, CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT, CTR DIS CONTROL, 4676 COLUMBIA PKWY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. MARTIN LUTHER UNIV, INST IND TOXICOL, O-4010 HALLE, GERMANY. NIOSH, CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT, NATL RES COUNCIL RES ASSOCIATE, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1016/0022-2828(92)91046-8 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA JE247 UT WOS:A1992JE24700006 PM 1518078 ER PT J AU JARVIS, JQ HAMMOND, E MEIER, R ROBINSON, C AF JARVIS, JQ HAMMOND, E MEIER, R ROBINSON, C TI COBALT CARDIOMYOPATHY - A REPORT OF 2 CASES FROM MINERAL ASSAY LABORATORIES AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HEART-FAILURE; EXPOSURE AB Two young men employed in the mineral assay industry developed non-inflammatory cardiomyopathy. By review of clinical findings, elicitation of occupational and environmental histories, work-site evaluations, and ascertainment of tissue cobalt levels, Nevada Public Health authorities confirmed these cases to be due to occupational cobalt exposure. Hair and heart cobalt levels were elevated for the cases, but control samples had no detectable cobalt. Excess ischemic heart disease mortality among cobalt-exposed workers may reflect misdiagnosis of cardiomyopathy. C1 NEVADA DEPT IND RELAT,DIV OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,RENO,NV. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. LATTER DAY ST HOSP,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84143. RP JARVIS, JQ (reprint author), NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DIV OCCUPAT ENVIRONM MED,1400 JACKSON ST,DENVER,CO 80206, USA. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 34 IS 6 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HY133 UT WOS:A1992HY13300013 PM 1619493 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE SATTABONGKOT, J WIRTZ, RA SKINNER, JC BRODERSON, JR MILLET, PG MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB SULLIVAN, J FILIPSKI, VK AF COLLINS, WE SATTABONGKOT, J WIRTZ, RA SKINNER, JC BRODERSON, JR MILLET, PG MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB SULLIVAN, J FILIPSKI, VK TI DEVELOPMENT OF A POLYMORPHIC STRAIN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX IN MONKEYS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE AB A strain of Plasmodium vivax from Thailand with a polymorphic repeat unit of the circumsporozoite protein was established in Saimiri sciureus boliviensis and 3 species of Aotus monkeys. All 11 attempts to transmit infection via sporozoite inoculation, 4 times to splenectomized S. sciureus boliviensis, 2 times to splenectomized Aotus nancymai, and 5 times to intact Saimiri monkeys, were successful. Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles dirus, and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were infected by feeding on parasitemic blood from a chimpanzee and an Aotus azarae boliviensis monkey. Our results indicate that this strain may be useful in antisporozoite vaccine trials. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 78 IS 3 BP 485 EP 491 DI 10.2307/3283649 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HX997 UT WOS:A1992HX99700018 PM 1597793 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE SKINNER, JC BRODERSON, JR FILIPSKI, VK MORRIS, CM STANFILL, PS WARREN, M AF COLLINS, WE SKINNER, JC BRODERSON, JR FILIPSKI, VK MORRIS, CM STANFILL, PS WARREN, M TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MACACA-FASCICULARIS MONKEYS FROM MAURITIUS TO DIFFERENT SPECIES OF PLASMODIUM SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Macaca fascicular is monkeys from Mauritius were shown to be susceptible via sporozoite inoculation to 7 species of Plasmodium (P. fragile, P. coatneyi, P. gonderi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. knowlesi, and P. fieldi), indigenous to macaques in southeastern Asia. Four monkeys were sequentially infected with different species of Plasmodium to determine maximum and course of parasitemia. In 2 nonsplenectomized monkeys, P. fragile developed maximum parasite counts of only 134 and 155/mu-l. For Plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that is life-threatening to rhesus monkeys, maximum parasite counts were 4,278 and 7,440/mu-l. Plasmodium coatneyi developed to what must be considered as moderate levels. After animals underwent splenectomy, parasite counts of P. coatneyi were 58,280, 89,094, 4,464, and 43,524/mu-l. The maximum parasite counts for P. gonderi (13,508 and 21,576/mu-l) and P. fieldi (1,767 and 17,836/mu-l) were lower than would be expected in M. mulatta. In 2 monkeys that developed patent parasitemia with P. inui, the maximum parasite counts (95,046 and 728,748/mu-l) indicated that this parasite may be the best adapted species for development in these animals once infection is established. Finally, the reinfection of 2 monkeys with P. cynomolgi suggested that some animals may be basically more resistant than others, whether splenectomized or not, to the production of high-density parasitemia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 78 IS 3 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.2307/3283652 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HX997 UT WOS:A1992HX99700021 PM 1597796 ER PT J AU STARKE, JR JACOBS, RF JEREB, J AF STARKE, JR JACOBS, RF JEREB, J TI RESURGENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SOUTHEAST ASIAN REFUGEES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; SKIN-TEST; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72204 USA. ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72202 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV TB ELIMINAT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP STARKE, JR (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, 1 BAYLOR PLAZA, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 109 TC 188 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 6 BP 839 EP 855 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81949-3 PG 17 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HY116 UT WOS:A1992HY11600001 PM 1593343 ER PT J AU BARTON, LL RATHORE, MH DAWSON, JE AF BARTON, LL RATHORE, MH DAWSON, JE TI INFECTION WITH EHRLICHIA IN CHILDHOOD SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANIS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TICKS; DOGS; DISEASE; HUMANS C1 UNIV FLORIDA, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, JACKSONVILLE, FL 32209 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, VIRAL & RICKETTSIA ZOONOSES BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP BARTON, LL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 6 BP 998 EP 1001 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81978-X PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HY116 UT WOS:A1992HY11600028 PM 1593364 ER PT J AU HOUK, VN ROSENBERG, ML MILLAR, JD WAXWEILER, RJ AF HOUK, VN ROSENBERG, ML MILLAR, JD WAXWEILER, RJ TI POSITION PAPERS FROM THE 3RD NATIONAL INJURY CONTROL CONFERENCE - SETTING THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR INJURY CONTROL IN THE 1990S - FOREWORD SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 109 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0022-4375(92)90027-7 PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA HV253 UT WOS:A1992HV25300006 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, J WALLER, P CHORBA, T AMONI, M BENNETT, RC CAMPBELL, BJ DIGGES, K FINKELSTEIN, M HALL, T HANNA, H HITCHCOCK, R LAND, G MARINE, WM MUNSON, R NICHOLSON, R ONEILL, B PIKE, J STONE, JL THIGPEN, R VIANO, D WALLACE, D LANDEN, DD RUSSELL, J LEZIN, N AF GRAHAM, J WALLER, P CHORBA, T AMONI, M BENNETT, RC CAMPBELL, BJ DIGGES, K FINKELSTEIN, M HALL, T HANNA, H HITCHCOCK, R LAND, G MARINE, WM MUNSON, R NICHOLSON, R ONEILL, B PIKE, J STONE, JL THIGPEN, R VIANO, D WALLACE, D LANDEN, DD RUSSELL, J LEZIN, N TI MOTOR-VEHICLE INJURY PREVENTION SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MICHIGAN,TRANSPORTAT RES INST,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM,TRAFF SAFETY PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC. FED HIGHWAY ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20591. UNIV N CAROLINA,HIGHWAY SAFETY RES CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV VIRGINIA,AUTOMOBILE SAFETY PROGRAM,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DENVER,CO 80202. FORD MOTOR CO,DEARBORN,MI 48121. INSURANCE INST HIGHWAY SAFETY,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. GM CORP,RES LABS,WARREN,MI 48090. ADVOCATES AUTO & HIGHWAY SAFETY,WASHINGTON,DC. GOVERNORS REPRESENTAT HIGHWAY SAFETY,JACKSON,MS. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,MORGANTOWN,WV. MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA. RP GRAHAM, J (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA HV253 UT WOS:A1992HV25300007 ER PT J AU EARLS, FT SLABY, RG SPIRITO, A SALTZMAN, LE THORNTON, T BERMAN, A DAVIDSON, L FAGAN, J GOODMAN, A HAWKINS, D KRAUS, JF LOFTIN, C MOSCICKI, E MUEHRER, P OCARROLL, P SUDAK, H VISHER, C WIDOM, CS WINTEMUTE, G BAER, K AF EARLS, FT SLABY, RG SPIRITO, A SALTZMAN, LE THORNTON, T BERMAN, A DAVIDSON, L FAGAN, J GOODMAN, A HAWKINS, D KRAUS, JF LOFTIN, C MOSCICKI, E MUEHRER, P OCARROLL, P SUDAK, H VISHER, C WIDOM, CS WINTEMUTE, G BAER, K TI PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AND INJURIES DUE TO VIOLENCE SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 EDUC DEV CTR,NEWTON,MA. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON PSYCHOL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. UNIV ILLINOIS,BLACK STUDIES PROGRAM,CHICAGO,IL 60680. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NIMH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NATL INST JUSTICE,WASHINGTON,DC. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA. RP EARLS, FT (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA HV253 UT WOS:A1992HV25300008 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, L STALLONES, L BRANCHEDORSEY, CM NOWAK, N BAKER, S BENDER, TR DUFOUR, M LUMPKIN, J MCLOUGHLIN, E MICIK, S ORY, M PLANEK, TW RIVARA, F RUTHERFORD, GW SCHEIDT, PC WIDOME, M LEZIN, N AF ROBERTSON, L STALLONES, L BRANCHEDORSEY, CM NOWAK, N BAKER, S BENDER, TR DUFOUR, M LUMPKIN, J MCLOUGHLIN, E MICIK, S ORY, M PLANEK, TW RIVARA, F RUTHERFORD, GW SCHEIDT, PC WIDOME, M LEZIN, N TI HOME AND LEISURE INJURY PREVENTION .1. SELECTED INJURIES SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,MORGANTOWN,WV. NIAAA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL. SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. NORTH CTY HLTH SERV,SAN MARCOS,CA. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL SAFETY COUNCIL,CHICAGO,IL. HARBORVIEW INJURY PREVENT & RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA. CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD. NICHHD,ROCKVILLE,MD. PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,COLL MED,HERSHEY,PA 17033. MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA. RP ROBERTSON, L (reprint author), NANLEE RES,BRANFORD,CT 06405, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA HV253 UT WOS:A1992HV25300009 ER PT J AU BAKER, SP CONROY, C JOHNSTON, JJ BENDER, TR CATTLEDGE, G CHU, GST DEJOY, D DUFFY, R EISENBERG, WM ELISBURG, D FELL, JC FINE, LJ GERBERICH, SG KINNEY, JA KRAUS, JF MARINE, W MCDOUGALL, V POLLACK, E REEVE, GR ROETTGER, RH RUNYAN, CW SEYMOUR, T SMITH, GS SPIELER, E STALLONES, L TRAVNICK, J WEEKS, JL ZWERLING, C FENLEY, MA AF BAKER, SP CONROY, C JOHNSTON, JJ BENDER, TR CATTLEDGE, G CHU, GST DEJOY, D DUFFY, R EISENBERG, WM ELISBURG, D FELL, JC FINE, LJ GERBERICH, SG KINNEY, JA KRAUS, JF MARINE, W MCDOUGALL, V POLLACK, E REEVE, GR ROETTGER, RH RUNYAN, CW SEYMOUR, T SMITH, GS SPIELER, E STALLONES, L TRAVNICK, J WEEKS, JL ZWERLING, C FENLEY, MA TI OCCUPATIONAL INJURY PREVENTION SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 CALIF PUBL HLTH FDN,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV. CALIF OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. AFL CIO,CLC,INT ASSOC FIREFIGHTERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20006. US BUR LABOR STAT,DEPT LABOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20214. CTR PROTECT WORKERS RIGHTS,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NATL SAFE WORKPL INST,CHICAGO,IL. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80202. INT BROTHERHOOD TEAMSTERS,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,ROCKVILLE,MD. FORD MOTOR CO,DEARBORN,MI 48121. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. W VIRGINIA UNIV,COLL LAW,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. KEMPER INSURANCE,LONG GROVE,IL. LABORERS HLTH & SAFETY FUND N AMERICA,WASHINGTON,DC. MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA. USAF,MED CTR,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP BAKER, SP (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA HV253 UT WOS:A1992HV25300011 ER PT J AU HAINES, PS HUNGERFORD, DW POPKIN, BM GUILKEY, DK AF HAINES, PS HUNGERFORD, DW POPKIN, BM GUILKEY, DK TI EATING PATTERNS AND ENERGY AND NUTRIENT INTAKES OF UNITED-STATES WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; NUTRITION; TRENDS AB A longitudinal multivariate analysis was used to determine whether differences in energy and nutrient intakes were present for women classified into different eating patterns. Ten multidimensional eating patterns were created based on the proportion of energy consumed at home and at seven away-from-home locations. Data were from 1,120 women aged 19 through 50 years who were surveyed up to six times over a 1-year period as part of the 1985 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, US Department of Agriculture. Data from 5,993 days were analyzed. To examine differences in energy and nutrient intakes, longitudinal multivariate analyses were used to control for eating pattern and factors such as demographics, season, and day of week. Younger women in the Fast Food eating pattern consumed the greatest intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Well-educated, higher-income women in the Restaurant pattern consumed diets with the highest overall fat density. Nutrient densities for dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin C, and folacin were particularly low in away-from-home eating patterns. In contrast, moderately educated, middle-aged and middle-income women in the Home Mixed eating pattern (70% at home, 30% away from home) consumed the most healthful diets. We conclude that knowledge of demographics such as income and education is not enough to target dietary interventions. Rather, educational efforts must consider both demographics and the location of away-from-home eating. This will allow development of behavioral change strategies that consider food choices dictated by the eating environment as well as personal knowledge and attitude factors related to adoption of healthful food choices. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ECON,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. RP HAINES, PS (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 92 IS 6 BP 698 EP & PG 0 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HY825 UT WOS:A1992HY82500016 PM 1607566 ER PT J AU COLES, FB BALZANO, GJ MORSE, DL AF COLES, FB BALZANO, GJ MORSE, DL TI AN OUTBREAK OF INFLUENZA-A (H3N2) IN A WELL IMMUNIZED NURSING-HOME POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMANTADINE PROPHYLAXIS; VACCINE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; REDUCTION; ILLNESS; ROLES AB Objective: To describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of influenza A that occurred in a skilled nursing home although over 90 percent of the resident population had previously received influenza vaccine. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Skilled nursing home facility in western New York State. Patients: Nursing home residents and patient-care staff. Main Outcome Measure: Incidence of influenza-like illness among vaccinated versus unvaccinated nursing home residents and staff. Results: Thirty-seven of 124 residents (attack rate = 30%) and 18 of 146 staff (attack rate = 12%) had an influenza-like illness. Staff illness began 16 days prior to onset among residents. Six cases of pneumonia and three influenza-related deaths occurred, all among the vaccinated residents. Ninety percent of the nursing home residents and 10% of the staff received the influenza vaccine prior to the outbreak. The calculated vaccine efficacies were minus 21% and plus 45% for residents and staff, respectively. Conclusion: While antigenic drift of the circulating influenza virus was the major factor in the apparent vaccine failure, the observed poor staff immunization rate (10%) and absence of surveillance which precluded the use of amantadine chemoprophylaxis suggest that the use of these strategies may be of importance in controlling influenza outbreaks in nursing homes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLES, FB (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,EMPIRE STATE PLAZA,CORNING TOWER BLDG,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 34 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 589 EP 592 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA HX649 UT WOS:A1992HX64900008 PM 1587976 ER PT J AU SMITH, DK AF SMITH, DK TI HIV DISEASE AS A CAUSE OF DEATH FOR AFRICAN-AMERICANS IN 1987 AND 1990 SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN AMERICAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME AB Using death certificate data for 1987 and 1988 from the National Center for Health Statistics, combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance data through December 1990 from the Centers for Disease Control, this article reports ranked mortality causes as a measure of the impact of the HIV epidemic within the African-American community. In 1987, while HIV/AIDS ranked 15th as a cause of death for all Americans, for African Americans the disease ranked 10th overall (third for African-American men, fifth for African-American women between 25 and 34 years of age, and ninth for African-American children ages 0 to 14). By 1990, it can be estimated that for all Americans HIV disease was the eighth leading cause of death, but for African-Americans it ranked sixth overall. For African-American men between the ages of 35 and 44, HIV disease became the leading cause of death, accounting for 23.5% of all deaths. This disease was the second leading cause of death for African-American men and women between the ages of 25 and 35, and the eighth leading cause of death for African-American children ages 0 to 14. The implications of these findings are discussed. RP SMITH, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 6 BP 481 EP 487 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HY329 UT WOS:A1992HY32900002 PM 1608059 ER PT J AU CUMMINS, D BENNETT, D FISHERHOCH, SP FARRAR, B MACHIN, SJ MCCORMICK, JB AF CUMMINS, D BENNETT, D FISHERHOCH, SP FARRAR, B MACHIN, SJ MCCORMICK, JB TI LASSA FEVER ENCEPHALOPATHY - CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PATHOLOGY; PLASMA AB Clinical and laboratory findings are reported in nine patients who developed acute encephalopathy during the course of Lassa fever. The encephalopathy manifested 3-17 days after disease onset with confusion, followed rapidly by tremor (seven patients), grand mal convulsions (seven), abnormal posturing (three) and coma (eight); focal neurological signs and evidence of raised intracranial pressure were not seen. Eight patients died, most commonly from respiratory arrest following a protracted fit. Development of encephalopathy did not correlate with the presence of virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nor with virus antibodies in CSF and/or serum; thus, neither direct cytopathic nor immune-mediated mechanisms seem to be involved in its pathogenesis. C1 UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,DEPT HAEMATOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU Wellcome Trust NR 17 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-5304 J9 J TROP MED HYG JI J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 95 IS 3 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HY340 UT WOS:A1992HY34000006 PM 1597876 ER PT J AU TORFASON, EG PALLANSCH, M REIMER, CB WICKLIFFE, C KEYSERLING, HL AF TORFASON, EG PALLANSCH, M REIMER, CB WICKLIFFE, C KEYSERLING, HL TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS AND SUBCLASS-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SANDWICH ELISA FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST COXSACKIEVIRUS-B, TYPES-1-5 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE COXSACKIEVIRUSES; ELISA; MONOCLONAL; SUBCLASS ID REVERSE RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS; IGM AB Immunoglobulin subclass-specific ELISAs were developed for human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA(total), and IgM directed against Coxsackie B (CB) virus types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In all the assays the solid phase was coated with immunoglobulin class/subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies, followed by an incubation with the serum specimens. Incubation with one of the CB viruses, as well as an incubation with biotinylated serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies to the same virus type provided the virus specificity. Finally, there were incubations with peroxidase labeled Extravidin and the substrate-chromogen system. This ELISA method eliminated the competition between the immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. IgG3 and/or IgG1 were seen most frequently of the IgG subclasses, but IgG2 and IgG4 were also present infrequently. The viral specificity of the antibody subclass assays seems to be predominantly at the enterovirus group level, but this remains to be evaluated in a larger study. IgA and IgM were seen almost exclusively in specimens from patients with acute enteroviral infections, except in the assays with the crude CB5 antigen. This indicates the possible suitability of the IgA and IgM assays as diagnostic tests for enteroviral infections. A larger study is necessary to confirm this finding. C1 UNIV ICELAND,DEPT MED VIROL,REYKJAVIK,ICELAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TORFASON, EG (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 289 EP 304 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90030-H PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA HZ715 UT WOS:A1992HZ71500005 PM 1321835 ER PT J AU BARANOWSKI, T BOUCHARD, C BAROR, O BRICKER, T HEATH, G KIMM, SYS MALINA, R OBARZANEK, E PATE, R STRONG, WB TRUMAN, B WASHINGTON, R AF BARANOWSKI, T BOUCHARD, C BAROR, O BRICKER, T HEATH, G KIMM, SYS MALINA, R OBARZANEK, E PATE, R STRONG, WB TRUMAN, B WASHINGTON, R TI ASSESSMENT, PREVALENCE, AND CARDIOVASCULAR BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND FITNESS IN YOUTH SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Review ID WHITE MALE-ADOLESCENTS; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; COLD PRESSOR TEST; SERUM-LIPIDS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; HYPERTENSIVE ADOLESCENTS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; BLACK-CHILDREN; COLLEGE ALUMNI C1 UNIV LAVAL, QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4, QUEBEC, CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV, HAMILTON L8S 4L8, ONTARIO, CANADA. BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, SCH MED, PITTSBURGH, PA 15261 USA. UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA. COLORADO CHILDRENS HOSP, DENVER, CO USA. RP BARANOWSKI, T (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA, GEORGIA PREVENT INST, DEPT PEDIAT, MAIL STOP HS 1640, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. RI Bouchard, Claude/A-7637-2009 NR 108 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 SU S BP S237 EP S247 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA HX754 UT WOS:A1992HX75400006 PM 1625549 ER PT J AU HASKELL, WL LEON, AS CASPERSEN, CJ FROELICHER, VF HAGBERG, JM HARLAN, W HOLLOSZY, JO REGENSTEINER, JG THOMPSON, PD WASHBURN, RA WILSON, PWF AF HASKELL, WL LEON, AS CASPERSEN, CJ FROELICHER, VF HAGBERG, JM HARLAN, W HOLLOSZY, JO REGENSTEINER, JG THOMPSON, PD WASHBURN, RA WILSON, PWF TI CARDIOVASCULAR BENEFITS AND ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL-FITNESS IN ADULTS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LEISURE-TIME; SELF-REPORT; CARDIAC REHABILITATION C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. MERIAM HOSP,CLEVELAND,OH. NEW ENGLAND RES INST,WATERTOWN,MA. NHLBI,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HASKELL, WL (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,730 WELCH RD,PALO ALTO,CA 94304, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 197 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 SU S BP S201 EP S220 DI 10.1249/00005768-199206001-00004 PG 20 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA HX754 UT WOS:A1992HX75400004 PM 1625547 ER PT J AU LOUCKS, AB VAITUKAITIS, J CAMERON, JL ROGOL, AD SKRINAR, G WARREN, MP KENDRICK, J LIMACHER, MC AF LOUCKS, AB VAITUKAITIS, J CAMERON, JL ROGOL, AD SKRINAR, G WARREN, MP KENDRICK, J LIMACHER, MC TI THE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM AND EXERCISE IN WOMEN SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE RUNNERS; FEMALE RATS; ATHLETIC AMENORRHEA; LORDOSIS BEHAVIOR; EATING DISORDERS; ESTROUS CYCLES; BODY-FAT; VOLUNTARY; RESPONSES; SECRETION C1 NIH,NATL CTR RES RESOURCES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT PEDIAT,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT PHARMACOL,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT HLTH SCI,BOSTON,MA 02215. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,DEPT MED & OBSTET GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY 10019. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV FLORIDA,J HILLIS MILLER HLTH CTR,DIV CARDIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. RP LOUCKS, AB (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 SU S BP S288 EP S293 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA HX754 UT WOS:A1992HX75400011 PM 1625553 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ PURDY, MA AF BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ PURDY, MA TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MOLECULAR-CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-E VIRUSES SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Review DE HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-E; CLONING; GENOME ORGANIZATION; CONSENSUS SEQUENCES; SEQUENCE VARIATION, CONSERVATION, DIVERGENCE; SEROLOGIC AND DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; PUTATIVE HELICASES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; VIRAL-RNA; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; PESTIVIRUSES; FLAVIVIRUSES; REPLICATION RP BRADLEY, DW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1016/0882-4010(92)90001-5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA JK001 UT WOS:A1992JK00100001 PM 1326075 ER PT J AU MOYENUDDIN, M WACHSMUTH, K RICHARDSON, SH COOK, WL AF MOYENUDDIN, M WACHSMUTH, K RICHARDSON, SH COOK, WL TI ENTEROPATHOGENICITY OF NONTOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 FOR ADULT MICE SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Note DE VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; NONTOXIGENIC; ENTEROPATHOGENIC; ENTEROTOXIGENIC; MOUSE MODEL; DNA PROBES ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTERO-TOXIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FLUID ACCUMULATION; INFANT MICE; ASSAY; PATIENT; GENE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,BIOL SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27157. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-17840]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-38783] NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1016/0882-4010(92)90008-C PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA JK001 UT WOS:A1992JK00100008 PM 1522800 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ COLLINS, FH AF BESANSKY, NJ COLLINS, FH TI THE MOSQUITO GENOME - ORGANIZATION, EVOLUTION AND MANIPULATION SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Review ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; HIGHLY REPEATED DNA; AEDES-SCUTELLARIS DIPTERA; INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; CULICIDAE SUBGROUP; WORLD POPULATIONS; ALBOPICTUS SKUSE; P ELEMENTS AB Apart from the genetic flexibility of the vectors, impediments to the control of vector-borne diseases include the rapid spread of drug resistance throughout parasite populations, the increasing movement of people to and from disease-endemic regions and the limited funds and public health infrastructures of most developing countries. The widely used residual insecticides and antiparasitic drugs have been inadequate solutions to the problem of vector-borne disease control. New approaches are needed. The enormous impact of recent developments in molecular genetics on the understanding of basic biology and human disease has stimulated a re-examination of the prospects for genetic manipulation of vector populations as a means for reducing or eliminating vector-borne diseases, especially malaria 1. Although control scenarios that exploit this technology may never be realized, Nora Besansky and Frank Collins emphasize that the increase in knowledge of basic mosquito biology on which these ideas depend will inevitably stimulate novel approaches to the control of mosquito-borne diseases. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP BESANSKY, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 66 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 6 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(92)90262-Z PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HW561 UT WOS:A1992HW56100004 PM 15463614 ER PT J AU NAIMOLI, JF PARKER, K DOUTIZONGA, R ENDSLEY, S AF NAIMOLI, JF PARKER, K DOUTIZONGA, R ENDSLEY, S TI INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TRAINING FOR HEALTH-WORKERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA IN THE CENTRAL-AFRICAN-REPUBLIC SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 3 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JA344 UT WOS:A1992JA34400025 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF CAUTHEN, GM GEITER, LJ OBRIEN, RJ AF HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF CAUTHEN, GM GEITER, LJ OBRIEN, RJ TI USEFULNESS OF SKIN TESTING WITH MYCOBACTERIAL ANTIGENS IN CHILDREN WITH CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE TUBERCULIN; MYCOBACTERIA; SKIN TESTING; CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY ID UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; DISEASES AB One hundred twenty-three children with chronic cervical lymphadenopathy were skin-tested with purified protein derivative (PPD)-B (Mycobacterium intracellulare), PPD-Y (Mycobacterium kansasii), PPD-G (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum) (nontuberculous mycobacterial antigens (NTMags)) and PPD-T (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Children with culture-confirmed mycobacterial disease had significantly larger reactions to NTMags and were 6 times more likely to have PPD-B responses of greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mm than those with negative microscopy/culture results. Children with acid-fast bacilli present in clinical specimens but with negative culture results were 3 times more likely to have greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mm induration to PPD-B than those with negative microscopy/culture results. In all groups except those with culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis, responses to PPD-T were significantly smaller than those to the NTMags. We conclude that NTMags, particularly PPD-B, may be useful in diagnosing childhood mycobacterial cervical adenopathy; however, their usefulness in distinguishing disease caused by M. tuberculosis from that resulting from other mycobacteria is unknown. RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,CLIN RES BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON ROAD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 450 EP 456 DI 10.1097/00006454-199206000-00006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA HY530 UT WOS:A1992HY53000006 PM 1608681 ER PT J AU MCNEILL, MM GERBER, AR MCLAUGHLIN, DW VEGA, RA WINN, K KAUFMANN, L KEYSERLING, HL JARVIS, WR AF MCNEILL, MM GERBER, AR MCLAUGHLIN, DW VEGA, RA WINN, K KAUFMANN, L KEYSERLING, HL JARVIS, WR TI MANNAN ANTIGENEMIA DURING INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS CAUSED BY CANDIDA-TROPICALIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE MANNAN ANTIGENEMIA; CANDIDA-TROPICALIS ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTIONS C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP MCNEILL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,BLDG 1,ROOM 4044,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA HY530 UT WOS:A1992HY53000014 PM 1608689 ER PT J AU KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J FORD, C HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, A YIP, R LAUER, RM AF KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J FORD, C HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, A YIP, R LAUER, RM TI THE USE OF WHOLE COWS MILK IN INFANCY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IRON NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; DECLINING PREVALENCE; OLDER INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-LOSS; FORMULA; DEFICIENCY; ANEMIA; RATS; ABSORPTION C1 BUR NUTR SCI,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. USDA,ATHENS,GA 30601. NIDDKD,PHOENIX,AZ. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,CARDIOL SECT,EVANSTON,IL 60204. RP KLEINMAN, RE (reprint author), AMER ACAD PEDIAT,COMM NUTR,EVANSTON,IL 60204, USA. NR 45 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1109 PN 1 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HX376 UT WOS:A1992HX37600024 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, CM BLUMER, JL GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, GS BENNETT, DR CORDERO, JF COTE, CJ TOMICH, P LICATA, SA KAUFFMAN, P TROENDLE, G YRFFE, SJ MORTENSEN, ME AF KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, CM BLUMER, JL GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, GS BENNETT, DR CORDERO, JF COTE, CJ TOMICH, P LICATA, SA KAUFFMAN, P TROENDLE, G YRFFE, SJ MORTENSEN, ME TI GUIDELINES FOR MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS DURING AND AFTER SEDATION FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID KETAMINE SEDATION; CHILDREN; EMERGENCY; ANESTHESIA; MIDAZOLAM; COCAINE; SAFETY; BLIND C1 AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,ANESTHESIOL SECT,EVANSTON,IL 60204. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC. BUR DRUG RES,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP KAUFFMAN, RE (reprint author), AMER ACAD PEDIAT,COMM DRUGS,EVANSTON,IL 60204, USA. NR 47 TC 429 Z9 434 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1110 EP 1115 PN 1 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HX376 UT WOS:A1992HX37600025 ER PT J AU COTE, TR SACKS, JJ LAMBERTHUBER, DA DANNENBERG, AL KRESNOW, MJ LIPSITZ, CM SCHMIDT, ER AF COTE, TR SACKS, JJ LAMBERTHUBER, DA DANNENBERG, AL KRESNOW, MJ LIPSITZ, CM SCHMIDT, ER TI BICYCLE HELMET USE AMONG MARYLAND CHILDREN - EFFECT OF LEGISLATION AND EDUCATION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BICYCLE HELMETS; INJURY PREVENTION; LEGISLATION; EDUCATION ID SAFETY HELMETS; HEAD-INJURIES AB Although bicycle helmets are effective in preventing head injuries, use of helmets among children remains infrequent. In response to the bicycling deaths of two children, Howard County, Maryland, became the first US jurisdiction to mandate use of bicycle helmets for children. Schoolchildren were lectured by police about the law before its enactment. Prelaw and postlaw helmet use was observed in Howard County and two control counties: Montgomery (which sponsored a community education program) and Baltimore County (no helmet activities). Prelaw crude helmet use rates for children were 4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0% to 10%) for Howard, 8% (95% CI 3% to 13%) for Montgomery, and 19% (95% CI 5% to 33%) for Baltimore. Postlaw rates were 47% (95% CI 32% to 62%), 19% (95% CI 11% to 27%), and 4% (95% CI 0 to 11%), respectively. The rate of bicycle helmet use by Howard County children is now the highest documented for US children. A similar increase in helmet use among children younger than 16 years nationwide could prevent about 100 deaths and 56 000 emergency-department-treated head injuries annually. Physicians and other health professionals should consider proposing and supporting the Howard County approach in their communities. C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,DIV INJURY PREVENT & REHABIL INFORMAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY PREVENT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. HOWARD CTY HLTH DEPT,COLUMBIA,MD. RP COTE, TR (reprint author), MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,DIV EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,6130 EXECUT BLVD,EPN-434,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. FU PHS HHS [H28/CCH 301 618-02] NR 14 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1220 PN 2 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HX377 UT WOS:A1992HX37700016 PM 1594379 ER PT J AU BECERRA, JE ROWLEY, DL ATRASH, HK AF BECERRA, JE ROWLEY, DL ATRASH, HK TI CASE FATALITY RATES ASSOCIATED WITH CONDITIONS ORIGINATING IN THE PERINATAL-PERIOD - UNITED-STATES, 1986 THROUGH 1987 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note ID INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE; INFANT RP BECERRA, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPRODUCT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1256 EP 1259 PN 2 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HX377 UT WOS:A1992HX37700025 PM 1594385 ER PT J AU CIANCIOTTO, NP FIELDS, BS AF CIANCIOTTO, NP FIELDS, BS TI LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA-MIP GENE POTENTIATES INTRACELLULAR INFECTION OF PROTOZOA AND HUMAN MACROPHAGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE INTRACELLULAR PARASITISM; EVOLUTION; HARTMANNELLA; TETRAHYMENA; FK506-BINDING PROTEINS ID FK506-BINDING PROTEIN; AMEBAS; WATER; MULTIPLICATION; ACANTHAMOEBA; VIRULENCE; PARASITE; SEQUENCE; CLONING; GROWTH AB Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular parasite of freshwater protozoa and human macrophages. Recent studies determined that the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) surface protein, a prokaryotic homolog of the FK506-binding proteins, is required for optimal infection of macrophages. To determine whether Mip is also involved in L. pneumophila infection of protozoa, we examined the ability of a strain lacking Mip to parasitize Hartmannella amoebae and Tetrahymena ciliates. After 3 days of incubation, almost-equal-to 1000-fold fewer bacteria were recovered from protozoan cocultures infected with the Mip- strain than from those cocultures infected with an isogenic Mip+ strain. The mip mutant was, however, not impaired in its ability to bind to amoebae cell surfaces, indicating that Mip is involved in bacterial resistance to intracellular killing and/or intracellular multiplication. These data suggest that L. pneumophila employs similar genes and mechanisms to infect human cells and protozoa. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that the ability of L. pneumophila to parasitize macrophages and hence to cause human disease is a consequence of its prior adaptation to intracellular growth within protozoa. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CIANCIOTTO, NP (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,303 E CHICAGO AVE,SEARLE BLDG,ROOM 6-541,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30064-02] NR 39 TC 211 Z9 218 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 11 BP 5188 EP 5191 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.11.5188 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HX168 UT WOS:A1992HX16800085 PM 1594630 ER PT J AU MATAR, GM BIBB, WF HELSEL, L DEWITT, W SWAMINATHAN, B AF MATAR, GM BIBB, WF HELSEL, L DEWITT, W SWAMINATHAN, B TI IMMUNOAFFINITY PURIFICATION, STABILIZATION AND COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIOLYSIN-O FROM LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SEROTYPE-1/2A AND SEROTYPE-4B SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LISTERIOLYSIN-O, VIRULENCE, LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SEROTYPE-1/2A AND SEROTYPE-4B, HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; VIRULENCE; GENE; TEMPERATURE; DESORPTION; ACTIN AB We developed a simple and highly effective procedure for stabilizing the haemolytic activity of listeriolysin O (LLO) from Listeria monocytogenes after immunoaffinity purification. The haemolytic activity of LLO was stabilized by eluting it directly into tubes containing an alkaline buffer (5 mM lysine, 140 mM KCl, 50 % ethylene glycol, pH 11.5). The purified LLO retained 100 % of its haemolytic activity after 6 weeks of storage at - 20-degrees-C. LLO purified from a strain of L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (ATCC 43249) and LLO purified from a strain of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b (F 2365) isolated from a Mexican-style cheese, showed no significant differences in pH and temperature stability. When incubated in buffers at pH values from 4 to 12 at 4-degrees-C and 25-degrees-C, LLO from serotypes 1/2a and 4b retained maximal haemolytic activity at pH 8 after 4 h of incubation. LLO from both serotypes lost their haemolytic activity after incubation at 50-degrees-C for 25 min. RP MATAR, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 143 IS 5 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90095-6 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JC564 UT WOS:A1992JC56400007 PM 1448624 ER PT J AU BROWN, DP AF BROWN, DP TI MORTALITY OF WORKERS EMPLOYED AT ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING PLANTS - AN UPDATE SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ALDRIN, CANCER; CHLORDANE; DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE; DIELDRIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEPTACHLOR; LIVER CANCER; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ID COHORT AB A previous mortality study among four organochlorine pesticide manufacturers was updated through 1987. The organochlorine pesticides included chlordane; heptachlor and endrin; aldrin, dieldrin and endrin; and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. The mortality for all causes and all malignant neoplasms at each of the plants was lower than expected. There was a statistically significant increase in liver and biliary tract cancer among workers at plant 3 (5 observed, standardized mortality ratio 393, 95% confidence interval 1.27-9.20). These results are somewhat consistent with experimental animal findings showing benign and malignant tumors of the liver after exposure to aldrin and dieldrin. However, the deaths were due to a mixture of intra- and extra-hepatic tumors, and the dose-response analysis was limited because of the small number of deaths and lack of exposure data. Additional study of this group should include continued follow-up of the total cohort and a case-referent analysis of the deaths from liver and biliary tract cancer. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BROWN, DP (reprint author), NIEHS,OFF OCCUPAT HLTH & TECH SERV,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 4 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ558 UT WOS:A1992HZ55800002 PM 1615289 ER PT J AU WINKLER, WG BOGEL, K AF WINKLER, WG BOGEL, K TI CONTROL OF RABIES IN WILDLIFE SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MUNICH,VET MICROBIOL & EPIDEMIOL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WINKLER, WG (reprint author), WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 6 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 266 IS 6 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HU855 UT WOS:A1992HU85500013 PM 1585150 ER PT J AU MARTIN, ML KHOURY, MJ CORDERO, JF WATERS, GD AF MARTIN, ML KHOURY, MJ CORDERO, JF WATERS, GD TI TRENDS IN RATES OF MULTIPLE VASCULAR DISRUPTION DEFECTS, ATLANTA, 1968-1989 - IS THERE EVIDENCE OF A COCAINE TERATOGENIC EPIDEMIC SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; PATHOGENESIS AB Research suggests that, perhaps through mechanisms initiated by vasoconstriction and leading to vessel thrombosis or embolism, cocaine causes vascular disruption defects, and that frequent cocaine use during early pregnancy could disrupt multiple organ systems in the fetus. We hypothesized that if cocaine is an important cause of multiple vascular disruption defects, a rising prevalence of cocaine use by mothers during pregnancy should be accompanied by rising rates of these defects in their offspring. Using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, we identified all infants born in Atlanta from 1968 through 1989 who had nonsyndromic, provisional vascular disruption defects affecting more than one organ system: 61 infants (78%) had gastrointestinal and genitourinary defects, 7 (9%) had gastrointestinal and abdominal wall defects, 2 (3%) had gastrointestinal and limb reduction defects, 2 (3%) had limb reduction and abdominal wall defects, 2 (3%) had central nervous system and gastrointestinal defects, 2 (3%) had genitourinary and limb reduction defects, 1 (1%) had genitourinary and abdominal wall defects, and 1 (1%) had central nervous system and genitourinary defects. The prevalence of Atlanta infants with more than one vascular disruption defect is 0.13 per 1,000 live births. Chi-square analysis for trends showed no increase in prevalence during the study period. Our data are from one of the first population-based studies in which trends for defects potentially caused by maternal cocaine use are examined; the results of our study show no significant change in the prevalence of multiple vascular disruption defects over time. We suspect that if cocaine is a teratogen, its teratogenicity is weak or is associated with a small subset of birth defects that are yet to be identified. RP MARTIN, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1002/tera.1420450609 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA HU664 UT WOS:A1992HU66400008 PM 1412057 ER PT J AU FELDMANN, H MUHLBERGER, E RANDOLF, A WILL, C KILEY, MP SANCHEZ, A KLENK, HD AF FELDMANN, H MUHLBERGER, E RANDOLF, A WILL, C KILEY, MP SANCHEZ, A KLENK, HD TI MARBURG VIRUS, A FILOVIRUS - MESSENGER-RNAS, GENE ORDER, AND REGULATORY ELEMENTS OF THE REPLICATION CYCLE SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NEGATIVE STRAND VIRUSES CY SEP 15-20, 1991 CL CHARLESTON, SC DE MARBURG VIRUS; FILOVIRUS; SUBGENOMIC RNAS; GENE ORDER; REGULATORY ELEMENTS IN TRANSCRIPTION AND REPLICATION; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP TO PARAMYXOVIRUSES AND RHABDOVIRUSES ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; EBOLA VIRUS; CONSERVED DOMAINS; SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE; HEMAGGLUTININ; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; TRANSLATION AB The genome of Marburg virus (MBG), a filovirus, is 19.1 kb in length and thus the largest one found with negative-strand RNA viruses. The gene order - 3' untranslated region-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L-5' untranslated region-resembles that of other non-segmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses. Six species of polyadenylated subgenomic RNAs, isolated from MBG-infected cells, are complementary to the negative-strand RNA genome. They can be translated in vitro into the known structural proteins NP, GP (non-glycosylated form), VP40, VP35, VP30 and VP24. At the gene boundaries conserved transcriptional start (3'-NNCUNCNUNUAAUU-5') and stop signals (3'-UAAUUCUUUUU5') are located containing the highly conserved pentamer 3'-UAAUU-5'. Comparison with other NNS RNA viruses shows conservation primarily in the termination signals, whereas the start signals are more variable. The intergenic regions vary in length and nucleotide composition. All genes have relatively long 3' and 5' end non-coding regions. The putative 3' and 5' leader RNA sequences of the MBG genome resemble those of other NNS RNA viruses in length, conservation at the 3' and 5' ends, and in being complementary at their extremities. The data support the concept of a common taxonomic order Mononegavirales comprising the Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae families. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FELDMANN, H (reprint author), UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL,ROBERT KOCH STR 17,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. NR 41 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90027-7 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA HZ836 UT WOS:A1992HZ83600001 PM 1626422 ER PT J AU BELLER, M AF BELLER, M TI HEPATITIS-A OUTBREAK IN ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, TRACED TO ICE SLUSH BEVERAGES SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Alaska Department of Health and Social Services investigated a community outbreak of hepatitis A in Anchorage. A total of 57 persons who had hepatitis A between June and September 1988 were studied. Patients ranged from 1 to 54 years of age. A market was implicated as the source of the outbreak. An employee who prepared beverage mixtures in a bathroom was a contact of a person who had had hepatitis A 2 months before the outbreak; the employee was reported to have been jaundiced 3 to 4 weeks before the peak of the outbreak. The administration of immune globulin had an efficacy of 100% (95% confidence limits 69, 100%) in preventing hepatitis A among household contacts of primary cases. Similar beverages are sold by convenience markets and many other businesses nationwide. It is important to ensure that safe food-handling practices are followed by such establishments. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 156 IS 6 BP 624 EP 627 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HZ396 UT WOS:A1992HZ39600002 PM 1319626 ER PT J AU PRUKSANANONDA, P HALL, CB INSEL, RA MCINTYRE, K PELLETT, PE LONG, CE SCHNABEL, KC PINCUS, PH STAMEY, FR DAMBAUGH, TR STEWART, JA AF PRUKSANANONDA, P HALL, CB INSEL, RA MCINTYRE, K PELLETT, PE LONG, CE SCHNABEL, KC PINCUS, PH STAMEY, FR DAMBAUGH, TR STEWART, JA TI PRIMARY HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 INFECTION IN YOUNG-CHILDREN SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXANTHEM-SUBITUM; ANTIBODY; PREVALENCE; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES; INFANTS; HBLV; RASH AB Background. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently discovered virus that, on the basis of serologic evidence, appears to infect most children by the age of three years. However, the clinical manifestations of primary HHV-6 infection have not been well defined. Methods. We studied consecutive children two years old or younger who presented to an emergency ward with febrile illnesses. Our evaluation included the isolation of HHV-6 from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, an immunofluorescent-antibody assay, the detection of HHV-6 by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction-endonuclease-fragment profiles of HHV-6 isolates. Results. HHV-6 was isolated from 34 of 243 acutely ill children (14 percent). The children with viremia had irritability, high temperatures (mean, 39.7-degrees-C), and inflammation of tympanic membranes (in 21), but few other localizing signs. Two children were hospitalized, but all 34 recovered after an average of four days of fever. The rash characteristic of roseola, which has been associated with HHV-6 infection, was noted in only three children. In 29 children (85 percent), serum samples obtained during convalescence had at least a fourfold increase in IgG antibody titers; 4 infants less than three months old who presumably had maternal antibody did not have this increase. HHV-6 was isolated from blood obtained during convalescence in only one child, but in two thirds of the children the virus could be detected by PCR. The isolates had genomic heterogeneity, indicating the presence of multiple strains. Conclusions. Primary infection with HHV-6 is a major cause of acute febrile illness in young children. Such infection is associated with varied clinical manifestations, viremia, and the frequent persistence of the viral genome in mononuclear cells. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,601 ELMWOOD AVE,BOX 689,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT,WILMINGTON,DE. NR 24 TC 199 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 28 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 22 BP 1445 EP 1450 DI 10.1056/NEJM199205283262201 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV469 UT WOS:A1992HV46900001 PM 1315416 ER PT J AU CONLEY, LJ HOLMBERG, SD AF CONLEY, LJ HOLMBERG, SD TI TRANSMISSION OF AIDS FROM BLOOD SCREENED NEGATIVE FOR ANTIBODY TO THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRANSFUSION; HIV RP CONLEY, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 28 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 22 BP 1499 EP 1500 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV469 UT WOS:A1992HV46900021 PM 1574103 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, L WELLS, D SCHONBERGER, L DAVIS, JP IDTSE, F HINSHAW, V EASTERDAY, BC AF CHAPMAN, L WELLS, D SCHONBERGER, L DAVIS, JP IDTSE, F HINSHAW, V EASTERDAY, BC TI SWINE INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE, WISCONSIN AGRICULTURAL FAIRS, 1989 AND 1990 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI. WISCONSIN DEPT AGR TRADE & CONSUMER PROTECT,MADISON,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH VET MED,MADISON,WI 53706. RP CHAPMAN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 20 BP 2741 EP 2741 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV265 UT WOS:A1992HV26500018 PM 1315876 ER PT J AU ONORATO, IM WASSILAK, SG MEADE, B AF ONORATO, IM WASSILAK, SG MEADE, B TI EFFICACY OF WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS-VACCINE IN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURE; DIPHTHERIA; ANTIBODY; DTP AB Objective.-To evaluate the efficacy of currently used whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Design.-Active surveillance to detect pertussis cases in Baltimore, Md, Denver, Colo, and Milwaukee, Wis, and investigation of secondary attack rates in 347 household contacts, aged 1 through 4 years, to estimate vaccine efficacy. Outcome Measure.-Vaccine efficacy was estimated using different case definitions for pertussis. Results.-Vaccine efficacy was 64%, 81%, and 95% for case definitions of mild cough, paroxysmal cough, and severe clinical illness, respectively. Requiring laboratory confirmation increased efficacy to 95% to 98% for culture-positive children and to 77% to 95% for culture- or serology-confirmed cases, depending on disease severity. Vaccine efficacy for typical paroxysmal cough increased from 44% for one diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine dose to 80% for four or more doses. Conclusions.-The trend toward increasing vaccine efficacy with different case definitions may be due to improved efficacy in preventing severe illness and to case definitions that are more specific for pertussis. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine was highly effective in preventing pertussis in preschool children exposed to infection within their households. Direct side-by-side efficacy studies of whole-cell vaccine and the recently licensed acellular vaccine will be necessary to assure that comparable protection is afforded by the new vaccines if they are to be used for immunization of infants. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20014. RP ONORATO, IM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,TECH INFORMAT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 20 BP 2745 EP 2749 DI 10.1001/jama.267.20.2745 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV265 UT WOS:A1992HV26500020 PM 1578592 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DJ OBRIEN, TR POLITCH, JA MARTINEZ, A SEAGE, GR PADIAN, N HORSBURGH, CR MAYER, KH AF ANDERSON, DJ OBRIEN, TR POLITCH, JA MARTINEZ, A SEAGE, GR PADIAN, N HORSBURGH, CR MAYER, KH TI EFFECTS OF DISEASE STAGE AND ZIDOVUDINE THERAPY ON THE DETECTION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 IN SEMEN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HIV INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; AIDS; QUANTITATION; ANTIBODY; CELLS; BLOOD; MEN AB Objective.-To determine the prevalence and temporal expression of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the semen of HIV-1 seropositive men and to determine whether the detection of HIV-1 in semen is associated with disease stage, zidovudine treatment status, or other clinical factors. Design.-A microculture technique was used to detect infectious HIV-1 in semen from a cohort of 95 seropositive men. In addition, semen cultures were performed monthly for at least 6 months for 14 of the men. information was obtained by interview and extracted from medical records to identify clinical variables associated with HIV-1 in semen. Patients.-Sixty HIV-1 seropositive homosexual men participating in clinical studies at the Fenway Community Health Center, Boston, Mass, and 35 HIV seropositive bisexual or heterosexual men participating in the California Partner Study of the University of California, San Francisco. Main Outcome Measures.-Semen HIV-1 culture results, seminal leukocyte counts, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) disease stage, peripheral CD4+ cell counts, zidovudine therapy, HIV risk category. Results.-In the cross-sectional study, HIV-1 was cultured from the semen of nine (9%) of 95 men. Factors associated with detection of HIV-1 in semen were peripheral CD4+ cell counts of 0.20 X 10(9)/L (200/mu-L) or less (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 23.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 175.63); symptomatic (CDC class IV) disease (adjusted OR, 6.56; 95% CI, 1.02 to 66.76); and seminal leukocytosis (> 1 x 10(9) white blood cells per liter of semen) (adjusted OR, 7.02; 95% CI, 1.28 to 39.29). Zidovudine therapy was associated with decreased detection of HIV-1 in semen (adjusted OR, 0.04; 95% Cl, 0.00 to 0.63). In the longitudinal study of 14 men who had neither peripheral CD4+ cells counts of 0.20 X 10(9)/L or less nor seminal leukocytosis, seminal HIV-1 was detected in at least one sample from six men (43%). Conclusion.-HIV-1 is more commonly found in semen from men with advanced HIV-1 infection and seminal leukocytosis but can also be cultured from semen of men with neither of these conditions. Zidovudine therapy may decrease the prevalence and/or titer of seminal HIV-1. However, all HIV-1-infected persons should continue to assume that they are potentially infectious through sexual contact. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,INST URBAN HLTH RES,BOSTON,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02215. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. MEM HOSP,INFECT DIS BRANCH,PAWTUCKET,RI 02860. FENWAY COMMUNITY HLTH CTR,BOSTON,MA. RP ANDERSON, DJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD BIOL,FEARING RES LAB,ROOM 204,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI25305]; PHS HHS [CCR903266, U62/CCU100607] NR 31 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 20 BP 2769 EP 2774 DI 10.1001/jama.267.20.2769 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV265 UT WOS:A1992HV26500025 PM 1349654 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, TR GEORGE, JR HOLMBERG, SD AF OBRIEN, TR GEORGE, JR HOLMBERG, SD TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2 INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES - EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HIV-2 INFECTION; WEST-AFRICA; BLOOD-DONORS; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNOASSAY; FRANCE RP OBRIEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 55 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 27 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 20 BP 2775 EP 2779 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HV265 UT WOS:A1992HV26500026 PM 1578597 ER PT J AU OU, CY CIESIELSKI, CA MYERS, G BANDEA, CI LUO, CC KORBER, BTM MULLINS, JI SCHOCHETMAN, G BERKELMAN, RL ECONOMOU, AN WITTE, JJ FURMAN, LJ SATTEN, GA MACINNES, KA CURRAN, JW JAFFE, HW AF OU, CY CIESIELSKI, CA MYERS, G BANDEA, CI LUO, CC KORBER, BTM MULLINS, JI SCHOCHETMAN, G BERKELMAN, RL ECONOMOU, AN WITTE, JJ FURMAN, LJ SATTEN, GA MACINNES, KA CURRAN, JW JAFFE, HW TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV TRANSMISSION IN A DENTAL PRACTICE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B; TYPE-1; AIDS; SENSITIVITY; PHYLOGENIES; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; THERAPY; RISK AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission from infected patients to health-care workers has been well documented, but transmission from an infected health-care worker to a patient has not been reported. After identification of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient who had no known risk factors for HIV infection but who had undergone an invasive procedure performed by a dentist with AIDS, six other patients of this dentist were found to be HIV-infected. Molecular biologic studies were conducted to complement the epidemiologic investigation. Portions of the HIV proviral envelope gene from each of the seven patients, the dentist, and 35 HIV-infected persons from the local geographic area were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Three separate comparative genetic analyses-genetic distance measurements, phylogenetic tree analysis, and amino acid signature pattern analysis-showed that the viruses from the dentist and five dental patients were closely related. These data, together with the epidemiologic investigation, indicated that these patients became infected with HIV while receiving care from a dentist with AIDS. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OU, CY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 57 TC 340 Z9 353 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 22 PY 1992 VL 256 IS 5060 BP 1165 EP 1171 DI 10.1126/science.256.5060.1165 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HV192 UT WOS:A1992HV19200025 PM 1589796 ER PT J AU WILEY, R WOLFE, D FLAHART, R KONIGSBERG, C SILVERMAN, PR AF WILEY, R WOLFE, D FLAHART, R KONIGSBERG, C SILVERMAN, PR TI CERCARIAL DERMATITIS OUTBREAK AT A STATE-PARK - DELAWARE, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 225-228, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 20 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 19 BP 2581 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT823 UT WOS:A1992HT82300005 ER PT J AU DOOLEY, SW VILLARINO, ME LAWRENCE, M SALINAS, L AMIL, S RULLAN, JV JARVIS, WR BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM AF DOOLEY, SW VILLARINO, ME LAWRENCE, M SALINAS, L AMIL, S RULLAN, JV JARVIS, WR BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN A HOSPITAL UNIT FOR HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID EPIDEMIC AB Objective. - To assess nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB). Design. - A historical cohort study of hospitalized patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test survey of health care workers (HCWs). Setting. - A large public teaching hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Patients. - For the cohort study, a case patient was defined as any patient in the HIV unit at the hospital who developed culture-positive TB from 31 days or more after admission through December 31, 1989. For the PPD survey, of 1420 HCWs from the hospital, 908 agreed to participate and had sufficient data for analysis. Main Outcome Measures. - For the cohort study, to compare the risk of developing active TB among patients who were exposed to hospital roommates with infectious TB and the risk among nonexposed patients. For the HCW PPD survey, to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculous infection. Results. - Eight of 48 (9.7/10 000 person-days) exposed case patients vs four of 192 (0.8/10 000 person-days) nonexposed case patients developed active TB (relative risk [RR] = 11; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 2.3, 50.3). Positive PPDs (greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mm of induration) in HCWs were associated with older age (P = .0001) and with history of community TB exposure (P = .0002). In a multivariable logistic model that adjusted for these variables, HIV unit nurses (nine of 19) and nurses in the internal medicine ward (45 of 90) had a higher proportion of positive PPDs than the reference group (clerical personnel on other floors: 35 of 188, P = .0005). Conclusions. - These data suggest that patient-to-patient transmission of TB in HIV units can occur and that HCWs are at risk of acquiring TB infection. C1 HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL,SAN JUAN,PR. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DOOLEY, SW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 187 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 20 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 19 BP 2632 EP 2634 DI 10.1001/jama.267.19.2632 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT823 UT WOS:A1992HT82300031 PM 1573751 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ AF TOOLE, MJ TI MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN REFUGEES SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 16 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8803 BP 1214 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91143-V PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HU684 UT WOS:A1992HU68400013 PM 1349947 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, C MARIANOS, D OU, CY DUMBAUGH, R WITTE, J BERKELMAN, R GOOCH, B MYERS, G LUO, CC SCHOCHETMAN, G HOWELL, J LASCH, A BELL, K ECONOMOU, N SCOTT, B FURMAN, L CURRAN, J JAFFE, H AF CIESIELSKI, C MARIANOS, D OU, CY DUMBAUGH, R WITTE, J BERKELMAN, R GOOCH, B MYERS, G LUO, CC SCHOCHETMAN, G HOWELL, J LASCH, A BELL, K ECONOMOU, N SCOTT, B FURMAN, L CURRAN, J JAFFE, H TI TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS IN A DENTAL PRACTICE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HEALTH PERSONNEL; INFECTION CONTROL; DENTISTS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ID HEPATITIS-B TRANSMISSION; ORAL SURGEON; OUTBREAK; TYPE-1; AIDS; PROFESSIONALS; INFECTION; BLOOD; RISK AB Objective: To determine if patients of a dentist with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) became infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during their dental care and, if so, to identify possible mechanisms of transmission. Design: Retrospective epidemiologic follow-up of the dentist, his office practice, and his former patients. Setting: The practice of a dentist with AIDS in Florida. Participants: A dentist with AIDS, his health care providers and employees, and former patients of the dentist, including eight HIV-infected patients. Measurements: Identification of risks for HIV transmission (if present), degree of genetic relatedness of the viruses, and identification of infection control and other office practices. Results: Five of the eight HIV-infected patients had no confirmed exposures to HIV other than the dental practice and were infected with HIV strains that were closely related to those of the dentist. Each of the five had invasive dental procedures, done by the dentist after he was diagnosed with AIDS. Four of these five patients shared visit days (P > 0.2). Breaches in infection control and other dental office practices to explain these transmissions could not be identified. Conclusion: Although the specific incident that resulted in HIV transmission to these patients remains uncertain, the epidemiologic evidence supports direct dentist-to-patient transmission rather than a patient-to-patient route. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,W PALM BEACH,FL 33401. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301. UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS SCI LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP CIESIELSKI, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 170 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 10 BP 798 EP 805 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT802 UT WOS:A1992HT80200003 PM 1567094 ER PT J AU FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS BRACHMAN, PS HARVEY, RC SMITH, JD WENGER, JD AF FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS BRACHMAN, PS HARVEY, RC SMITH, JD WENGER, JD TI INVASIVE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE DISEASE IN ADULTS - A PROSPECTIVE, POPULATION-BASED SURVEILLANCE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PNEUMONIA; LUNG DISEASES; PREGNANCY; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; AMPICILLIN ID NONTYPABLE HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; GENITOURINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; OLIGOSACCHARIDE PORTION; PNEUMONIA; AMPICILLIN; SPECTRUM; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; EPIGLOTTITIS; MENINGITIS AB Objective: To define the incidence of and possible risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. Design: Prospective, population-based surveillance of hospital and referral bacteriology laboratories. Setting: Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia community. Patients: All patients with H. influenzae isolated from normally sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint, pleura) from 1 December 1988 through 31 May 1990. Measurements: Isolates of H. influenzae were analyzed for serotype and biotype status, outer membrane proteins, lipooligosaccharide phenotypes, ribotyping patterns and 13-lactamase production. Results: A total of 194 cases of invasive H. influenzae occurred (annual incidence of 5.6 cases/100 000 population), of which 47 (24%) were in adults 18 years old or older (annual incidence 1.7 cases/100 000 adults). Adults with invasive H. influenzae ranged from 18 to 96 years; 79% were women. Bacteremic pneumonia accounted for 70% of the adult cases. Other sources for invasive H. influenzae in adults were obstetric infections, epiglottitis, and tracheobronchitis; one patient had meningitis. Underlying conditions were noted in 92% of the patients. Chronic lung disease was the most common risk factor, but pregnancy (annual incidence, 4.9/100 000 pregnant women), HIV infection (annual incidence, 41/100 000 known HIV-infected adults), and malignancy were also important. Overall mortality was 28% in adults, and over half of pregnancy-related infections resulted in fetal death. Fifty percent of the 40 isolates available for testing were serotype b; 47.5%, nontypable; and 2.5%, serotype f. Sixteen of the 45 isolates (36%) were ampicillin-resistant. Based on biotypes, outer membrane protein profiles, lipooligosaccharide phenotypes, and ribotyping patterns, the type b isolates showed less heterogeneity than the nontypable isolates but were distinguishable from one another. Conclusions: Adult cases currently represent one quarter of all cases of invasive H. influenzae disease. Half of the reported adult cases were caused by type b H. influenzae, and the rate of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae isolates from adults was higher than previously reported. Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of bacteremia in compromised adults. C1 OFF EPIDEMIOL,DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA 30309. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARLEY, MM (reprint author), ATLANTA DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV 151,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 42 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 10 BP 806 EP 812 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT802 UT WOS:A1992HT80200004 PM 1314530 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAND, ME BELL, DM AF CHAMBERLAND, ME BELL, DM TI HIV TRANSMISSION FROM HEALTH-CARE WORKER TO PATIENT - WHAT IS THE RISK SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; DENTISTS; INFECTION CONTROL; HEALTH PERSONNEL ID SURGEON AB The only recognized instance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and most recognized instances of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from infected health care workers have involved clusters of patients. Investigations of HBV clusters have shown transmission to be associated with the degree of invasiveness of procedures, techniques or instruments, infection-control practices, titer of the infecting virus in the health care worker, the medical condition of health care worker, and the susceptibility of the patients to infection. Mathematic modeling techniques, developed to estimate the average risk for sporadic HIV transmission from an infected surgeon to a patient during an invasive procedure, place the risk, in the range of 0.24% to 0.024% for a surgeon who tests positive for hepatitis B antigen (HbeAg) and 0.0024% to 0.00024% for an HIV-infected surgeon. To reduce this small risk further, preventive measures should be undertaken to protect both the health care worker and the patient from contact with blood, particularly through percutaneous injuries RP CHAMBERLAND, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 10 BP 871 EP 873 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT802 UT WOS:A1992HT80200016 PM 1567103 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, G MASCOLA, L RUTHERFORD, GW RADOS, MS HUTCHESON, R ARCHER, P ZENKER, P HARVEY, C SMITH, JD AF ANDERSON, G MASCOLA, L RUTHERFORD, GW RADOS, MS HUTCHESON, R ARCHER, P ZENKER, P HARVEY, C SMITH, JD TI FOODBORNE LISTERIOSIS - UNITED-STATES, 1988-1990 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 251, 257-258, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS C1 CONTRA COSTA CTY HLTH DEPT,MARTINEZ,CA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,NASHVILLE,TN. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDERSON, G (reprint author), ALAMEDA CTY HLTH DEPT,SAN LEANDRO,CA, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 18 BP 2447 EP 2448 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT068 UT WOS:A1992HT06800008 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, L DARROW, W WITTE, J COHEN, J FRENCH, J GILL, PS POTTERAT, J SIKES, K REICH, R HADLER, S AF ROSENBLUM, L DARROW, W WITTE, J COHEN, J FRENCH, J GILL, PS POTTERAT, J SIKES, K REICH, R HADLER, S TI SEXUAL PRACTICES IN THE TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS AND PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS-DELTA VIRUS-INFECTION IN FEMALE PROSTITUTES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SALIVA; ANTIGEN; SEMEN; NONOXYNOL-9; OUTBREAK; CONTACTS; MARKERS AB Objective.- To evaluate heterosexual transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in female prostitutes. Design.-Survey. Setting. - Sexually transmitted disease clinics, drug treatment programs, detention centers, and/or outreach efforts in eight areas in the United States. Participants. - A total of 1368 female prostitutes 18 years of age or older. Outcome Measures. - Seropositivity for HBV and HDV infection. Results. - The overall prevalence of past or present HBV infection was 56%: 74% in women who were injecting-drug users (IDUs), 38% in women reporting no history of injecting-drug use (non-IDUs), 51% in whites, 55% in blacks, and 67% in Hispanics. Of 21 HBV carrier IDUs, 21% had HDV infection; of 18 HBV carrier non-IDUs, 6% had HDV infection. In non-IDUs (49%), risk factors for HBV infection were a history of having penile-anal intercourse (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence limits [CL], 1.3, 7.3) and seropositivity for syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In IDUs, factors associated with an increased risk of infection, in addition to behaviors related to injecting-drug use, were the number of lifetime sexual partners, having sexual partners from groups at high risk for HBV infection, and seropositivity for syphilis and HIV infection; spermicide and/or diaphragm use was associated with a markedly decreased risk of HBV infection among blacks (OR, 0.1; 95% CL, 0.03, 0.4) and Hispanics (OR, 0.2; 95% CL, 0.06, 0.9). Conclusion. - This is the first study to suggest that having anal intercourse and failing to use vaginal contraceptives may facilitate transmission of HBV to women. Our data support guidelines that recommend hepatitis B vaccination for prostitutes and persons with a history of sexually transmitted diseases or multiple sexual partners. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. EL PASO CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. CLARK CTY HLTH DIST,LAS VEGAS,NV. RP ROSENBLUM, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 13 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 18 BP 2477 EP 2481 DI 10.1001/jama.267.18.2477 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT068 UT WOS:A1992HT06800026 PM 1573724 ER PT J AU PIERCE, JP ANDERSON, DM ROMANO, RM MEISSNER, HI ODENKIRCHEN, JC AF PIERCE, JP ANDERSON, DM ROMANO, RM MEISSNER, HI ODENKIRCHEN, JC TI PROMOTING SMOKING CESSATION IN THE UNITED-STATES - EFFECT OF PUBLIC-SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS ON THE CANCER-INFORMATION-SERVICE TELEPHONE LINE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; QUIT SMOKING; TRENDS; CAMPAIGN AB Background: Although many smokers report making attempts to quit, few seek help or are successful in their attempts. Some of the barriers to seeking help can be overcome by a telephone counseling and information service like that offered by the Cancer Information Service of the National Cancer Institute. This service has been promoted by antismoking public service announcements produced by the Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Purpose: We determined whether such nationally televised public service announcements were associated with increased use of the Cancer Information Service. We assessed the importance of specifically promoting the telephone line and identified the characteristics of the individuals who responded to such promotion. Methods: We combined the frequency-of-call data from the Cancer Information Service with the data on the frequency and reach of the television spots. Results: During this 5-year study (1983-1987), the Cancer Information Service received a notably disproportionate number of calls in 3 specific months (August 1983, January 1985, and January 1987). In each case, more than 20% of all calls in that year were received in that month (expected percentage = 8% if the calls had been evenly distributed). These peak periods were associated with the showing of the three public service announcements that mentioned the telephone number of the Cancer Information Service. These promotions were particularly effective in increasing the percentage of callers who were male, who were under the age of 40 years, or who had received a high school education or less. Conclusions: Television is an effective medium for supporting antismoking goals by motivating more smokers to seek help to quit. Implications: It is important to identify whether the aid offered by the Cancer Information Service hotline is effective in helping the caller to quit. Future work must concentrate on the most effective strategies for using this initial contact to provide aid to prevent relapse, thus maximizing the potential impact of the public service announcement campaigns. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR CANC,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD MAY 6 PY 1992 VL 84 IS 9 BP 677 EP 683 DI 10.1093/jnci/84.9.677 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HR763 UT WOS:A1992HR76300013 PM 1569601 ER PT J AU BUTTKE, TM FOLKS, TM AF BUTTKE, TM FOLKS, TM TI COMPLETE REPLACEMENT OF MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL WITH 4,4',14-TRIMETHYL STEROLS IN A HUMAN T-CELL LINE DEFECTIVE IN LANOSTEROL DEMETHYLATION SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID YEAST MUTANT STRAIN-GL7; METABOLISM; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS; CYCLOARTENOL; REQUIREMENT; LYMPHOCYTES; INHIBITION; RETROVIRUS AB A3.01 is a hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine-sensitive, human immunodeficiency virus-susceptible, human T cell line derived by Folks et al. (Folks, T., Benn, S., Rabson, A., Theodore, T., Hoggan, M. D., Martin, M., Lightfoote, M., and Sell, K. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 4539-4543) following exposure of CEM cells to 8-azaguanine. In the present study, it is shown that A3.01 also contains a heretofore unrecognized mutation in cholesterol biosynthesis. A3.01 cells grown in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) contain primarily cholesterol in their membranes, but based on [C-14]acetate labeling, synthesize only lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol. Reduction in the amount of FBS provided resulted in decreased cellular levels of cholesterol with corresponding increases in the two 4,4',14-trimethyl sterols. In A3.01 cells cultured in 1% FBS medium, lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol accounted for 7 and 45%, respectively, of total cellular sterols. Following dilution of the 1% FBS-grown cells into serum-free media, the level of membrane cholesterol gradually declined, such that after three passages it became virtually undetectable, whereas the proportions of lanosterol and 24,25-dihydrolanosterol rose to 25 and 75%, respectively. Even after eight passages in the serum-free media, A3.01 cells displayed a complete absence of cholesterol with no obvious effect on cell growth. Membranes isolated from A3.01 cells grown in the presence or absence of 10-mu-g/ml of cholesterol displayed similar phospholipid:sterol ratios, but membranes from the unsupplemented cells contained only approximately 5% as much cholesterol as the supplemented cell membranes. Finally, A3.01 cells grown in the absence of cholesterol were extremely resistant to the cytotoxic effectS of amphotericin B, whereas cells cultured in the combined presence of 1% FCS and 10-mu-g/ml of cholesterol were sensitive to the drug. Collectively, these results demonstrate that 4,4', 14-trimethyl sterols can effectively replace cholesterol in a human T cell lineage, indicating that not all mammalian cells have a requirement for cholesterol, per se. The A3.01 T cell lineage should prove useful in defining the role of cholesterol in membrane fusion and human immunodeficiency virus-mediated syncitia formation and cytopathic effects. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUTTKE, TM (reprint author), E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858, USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 5 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 13 BP 8819 EP 8826 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HR854 UT WOS:A1992HR85400021 PM 1577721 ER PT J AU MARTI, GE FAGUET, G BERTIN, P AGEE, J WASHINGTON, G RUIZ, S CARTER, P ZENGER, V VOGT, R NOGUCHI, P AF MARTI, GE FAGUET, G BERTIN, P AGEE, J WASHINGTON, G RUIZ, S CARTER, P ZENGER, V VOGT, R NOGUCHI, P TI CD20 AND CD5 EXPRESSION IN B-CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CELLS C1 MED COLL GEORGIA, VET ADM MED CTR, DEPT MED, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. MED COLL GEORGIA, VET ADM MED CTR, DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP MARTI, GE (reprint author), NIH, US FDA, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DIV BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 1992 VL 651 BP 480 EP 483 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM219 UT WOS:A1992JM21900064 ER PT J AU IBEGBU, CC NAHMIAS, AJ SPIRA, TJ STOLL, BJ JONES, B SYMBAS, N NESHEIM, S MENDEZ, H KEYSERLING, H LEE, FK AF IBEGBU, CC NAHMIAS, AJ SPIRA, TJ STOLL, BJ JONES, B SYMBAS, N NESHEIM, S MENDEZ, H KEYSERLING, H LEE, FK TI CD5+ B-CELLS IN NORMAL NEWBORNS AND INFANTS, AND IN THOSE WITH HIV AND INTRAUTERINE INFECTIONS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. SUNY DOWNSTATE MED CTR, SCH MED, BROOKLYN, NY USA. RP IBEGBU, CC (reprint author), EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, 69 BUTLER ST, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 1992 VL 651 BP 572 EP 575 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM219 UT WOS:A1992JM21900078 ER PT J AU SPIRA, TJ JONES, B IBEGBU, C LEE, F HOLMES, R NAHMIAS, AJ AF SPIRA, TJ JONES, B IBEGBU, C LEE, F HOLMES, R NAHMIAS, AJ TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CD5+ AND CD5- B-CELLS, IMMUNOGLOBULIN-SECRETING CELLS (IGSC), AND CD4 T-CELLS IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. RP SPIRA, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD MAY 4 PY 1992 VL 651 BP 591 EP 593 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM219 UT WOS:A1992JM21900085 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR METCHOCK, BG MCGOWAN, JE THOMPSON, SE AF HORSBURGH, CR METCHOCK, BG MCGOWAN, JE THOMPSON, SE TI CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF RECOVERY OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX FROM THE STOOL OR RESPIRATORY-TRACT OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS; DIAGNOSIS C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 512 EP 514 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HT197 UT WOS:A1992HT19700015 PM 1616660 ER PT J AU CHU, SY HAMMETT, TA BUEHLER, JW AF CHU, SY HAMMETT, TA BUEHLER, JW TI UPDATE - EPIDEMIOLOGY OF REPORTED CASES OF AIDS IN WOMEN WHO REPORT SEX ONLY WITH OTHER WOMEN, UNITED-STATES, 1980-1991 SO AIDS LA English DT Letter RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 518 EP 519 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HT197 UT WOS:A1992HT19700019 PM 1616663 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DW AF BRADLEY, DW TI NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS - TOWARD THE DISCOVERY OF HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-E VIRUSES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 8 IS 5 BP 883 EP 883 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JA513 UT WOS:A1992JA51300130 ER PT J AU PELLETT, PE LINDQUESTER, GJ STAMEY, FR DANOVITCH, RM SCHIRMER, EG FRENKEL, N ANTON, ED GREENAMOYER, CA OBRIAN, JJ STACK, S DAMBAUGH, TR AF PELLETT, PE LINDQUESTER, GJ STAMEY, FR DANOVITCH, RM SCHIRMER, EG FRENKEL, N ANTON, ED GREENAMOYER, CA OBRIAN, JJ STACK, S DAMBAUGH, TR TI GENOMIC AND GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RHODES COLL,MEMPHIS,TN 38112. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 8 IS 5 BP 886 EP 886 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA JA513 UT WOS:A1992JA51300138 ER PT J AU NOBMANN, ED BYERS, T LANIER, AP HANKIN, JH JACKSON, MY AF NOBMANN, ED BYERS, T LANIER, AP HANKIN, JH JACKSON, MY TI THE DIET OF ALASKA NATIVE ADULTS - 1987-1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; ALASKA NATIVE; DIET; CHRONIC DISEASE; SURVEY ID NHANES-II SURVEY; QUANTITATIVE DATA; NUTRIENT SOURCES; AMERICAN DIET; ESKIMOS; INDIANS; ALEUTS AB Although in the past, rates of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes were lower in Alaska Natives than in US whites, these diseases are now increasing. The rate of iron-deficiency anemia for Alaska Natives continues to be higher than that in the general population. To understand the role of diet in these chronic diseases, seasonal dietary intakes of 351 Alaska Native adults from 11 communities were assessed during 1987-1988. Alaska Natives consumed more energy (19%), protein (39%), fat (21%), carbohydrate (13%), iron (25%), vitamin A (53%), and vitamin C (31%), but less calcium (19%) than did the general US adult population [National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II (NHANES II)]; Alaska Natives consumed six times more fish but less fruits and vegetables. Results suggest that energy and protein intakes decreased in the last 30 y but the proportion of energy from fat (37%) remained unchanged. High fish consumption and large seasonal dietary variations persisted, which may protect against chronic diseases. However, excess energy and fat and low calcium, fruit, and vegetable intakes may be contributing to recent increases in chronic diseases. Dietary guidelines are proposed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV HAWAII,CANC RES CTR HAWAII,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,HONOLULU,HI 96822. US ADM AGING,ALASKA NATIVE PROGRAM,OFF AMER INDIAN,WASHINGTON,DC. US ADM AGING,NATIVE HAWAIIAN PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC. RP NOBMANN, ED (reprint author), ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SERV,NUTR SERV,250 GAMBELL ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 34 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1024 EP 1032 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HR468 UT WOS:A1992HR46800020 PM 1570796 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE BIXBYHAMMETT, D AF NELSON, DE BIXBYHAMMETT, D TI EQUESTRIAN INJURIES IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG-ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Review ID HORSE-RIDING INJURIES; ACCIDENTS; SPORTS AB We reviewed the English language scientific literature about equestrian injuries among children and young adults. All studies showed that more females than males were injured, with falls from horses being the most common cause of injury. Fractures were common, and head injuries were associated with the vast majority of deaths (72% to 78%) and hospitalizations (55% to 100%). Although the overall injury rate was low, equestrian athletes are at risk for serious injuries. Pediatricians should know the medical contraindications for participation in equestrian sports and encourage riders to obtain horse safety training and use protective headgear (helmets) approved by the American Society for Testing Materials when riding or working around horses. Pediatricians can play an active role in increasing public awareness of equestrian injuries and in reducing risk of injury. C1 AMER MED EQUESTRIAN ASSOC,WAYNESVILLE,NC. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 146 IS 5 BP 611 EP 614 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HT558 UT WOS:A1992HT55800021 PM 1621666 ER PT J AU DLUGOSZ, L VENA, J BYERS, T SEVER, L BRACKEN, M MARSHALL, E AF DLUGOSZ, L VENA, J BYERS, T SEVER, L BRACKEN, M MARSHALL, E TI CONGENITAL-DEFECTS AND ELECTRIC BED HEATING IN NEW-YORK-STATE - A REGISTER-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; ELECTROMAGNETICS; NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; PREGNANCY ID FREQUENCY MAGNETIC-FIELDS; VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CLEFT-LIP; EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREGNANCY AB Exposure to 60-cycle electromagnetic fields has been hypothesized to be a cause of childhood cancer and congenital defects. Because electric bed heaters are a major source of variation in electromagnetic field exposure in the population, the authors conducted a case-control study in 1988-1989 to examine the relations between congenital defects and the use of electric blankets and heated waterbeds. Cases were identified by the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry as babies with cleft palate (n = 121), cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n = 197), born in 1983-1984, and anencephalus and spina bifida (n = 224), born in 1983-1986, all to upstate New York residents. Controls were selected at random from birth registrations individually matched to cases by maternal race, age, home county, month of last menses, and child's sex. Information on periconceptional electric blanket and heated waterbed use as well as known and suspected risk factors for defects was obtained from questionnaires mailed to the mothers. Matched odds ratio estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for electric blanket use relative to nonuse were 0.8 (95% CI 0.3-2.1) for cleft palate, 0.7 (95% CI 0.3-1.3) for cleft lip, and 0.9 (95% CI 0.5-1.6) for neural tube defects. The respective odds ratios for heated waterbed use were nearly identical to these. Adjustment for potential confounding factors (maternal education, vitamin use, smoking) and stratification by season of conception and bed heat control setting had no meaningful effect on odds ratios. These results suggest that 60-cycle fields do not cause neural tube and oral cleft defects. C1 SUNY BUFFALO, SCH MED, DEPT SOCIAL & PREVENT MED, BUFFALO, NY 14214 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV NUTR, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, BUR ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & OCCUPAT HLTH, ALBANY, NY 12201 USA. RP DLUGOSZ, L (reprint author), YALE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH, 60 COLL ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 9 BP 1000 EP 1011 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HY092 UT WOS:A1992HY09200006 PM 1595686 ER PT J AU FRANKS, AL KENDRICK, JS OLSON, DR ATRASH, HK SAFTLAS, AF MOIEN, M AF FRANKS, AL KENDRICK, JS OLSON, DR ATRASH, HK SAFTLAS, AF MOIEN, M TI HOSPITALIZATION FOR PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, UNITED-STATES, 1986 AND 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MATERNAL MORBIDITY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; HOSPITALIZATION; RACE ID RACE; TRANSPLANTATION; DISEASE; ACCESS; CARE AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our analysis was to provide a national overview of the magnitude of the public health burden associated with inpatient care for pregnancy complications. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1986 and 1987. We calculated ratios of hospitalizations for pregnancy complications for every 100 hospitalizations involving a birth. Standard errors for these ratios were calculated with RATIOEST, and relative ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for subgroups of interest. RESULTS: We found that for every 100 hospitalizations involving birth, there were 22.2 nondelivery hospitalizations for pregnancy complications (14.6 antenatal complications, 7.6 pregnancy loss complications). These ratios were higher for black than for white women (relative ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 1.6). The effects of marital status, age, and insurance coverage differed between black and white women, and mean length of stay was longer for black than for white women. CONCLUSION: Hospitalization for pregnancy complications is far more common than is widely appreciated and is more frequent among black than white women. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH CARE STAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP FRANKS, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 166 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1344 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA HU954 UT WOS:A1992HU95400007 PM 1595788 ER PT J AU SORVILLO, FJ FUJIOKA, K NAHLEN, B TORMEY, MP KEBABJIAN, R MASCOLA, L AF SORVILLO, FJ FUJIOKA, K NAHLEN, B TORMEY, MP KEBABJIAN, R MASCOLA, L TI SWIMMING-ASSOCIATED CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; WATER; POOL; INFECTION AB In July and August 1988, an outbreak of gastroenteritis affected 44 of 60 (73%) persons from 5 separate swimming groups who bad used the same swimming pool in Los Angeles. Cryptosporidium was identified in 5 of 8 (63%) stool specimens, and the clinical picture was consistent with Cryptosporidium infection. Resistance of Cryptosporidium to chlorine, an inadequately maintained pool filtration system, repeated exposure to pool water, and possible continuing pool contamination may have contributed to ongoing transmission. Cryptosporidium should be considered a potential etiologic agent of gastroenteritis associated with recreational water use. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 742 EP 744 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.5.742 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT247 UT WOS:A1992HT24700023 PM 1566957 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, G MORALES, E BEUTELSPACHER, C VILLANUEVA, A RUIZ, C STETLER, HC AF FERNANDEZ, G MORALES, E BEUTELSPACHER, C VILLANUEVA, A RUIZ, C STETLER, HC TI EPIDEMIC DERMATITIS DUE TO CONTACT WITH A MOTH IN COZUMEL, MEXICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HYLESIA MOTHS AB In early December 1989, an outbreak that was initially thought to be scabies was investigated among employees of tourist hotels in Cozumel, Mexico. Of 417 employees interviewed, only 19 (4.6%) met a case definition for scabies dermatitis, while 91 (21.8%) reported a nonspecific dermatitis of less than one-week's duration. Persons with nonspecific dermatitis related the onset of their dermatitis to skin contact with a moth that had been present in large numbers in November. At the time of the initial investigation in December, there were no active cases of dermatitis and the moth was no longer present. During early January 1990, numerous cases of dermatitis again began to be reported. Using a case definition for nonspecific dermatitis, a survey of Cozumel's resident population showed an attack rate of 12.1%. A case-control study revealed the only significant risk factor to be skin contact with the suspect moth (P < 0.01), which had returned in large numbers. Six health workers volunteered to have the moth rubbed on their skin; within 5 min, five of six developed an intense pruritus followed by an erythematous rash. The moth was classified as Hylesia alinda Druce. This species has nettling hairs on its abdomen that excrete a histamine-like substance. Although this moth is normally present in small numbers in Cozumel, the passage of hurricane Gilbert killed most of its natural predators (wasps and bees), allowing its population to overgrow. No control measures were undertaken because the moth's natural predators returned that spring and dramatically reduced the moth population. No further outbreaks of dermatitis occurred. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,GLOBAL EIS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,NATL INST BIOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RP FERNANDEZ, G (reprint author), SECRETARIAT HLTH,DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL,RESIDENCY PROGRAM APPL EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY 03100,DF,MEXICO. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 560 EP 563 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HX463 UT WOS:A1992HX46300009 PM 1599050 ER PT J AU HILLYER, GV DEGALANES, MS RODRIGUEZPEREZ, J BJORLAND, J DELAGRAVA, MS GUZMAN, SR BRYAN, RT AF HILLYER, GV DEGALANES, MS RODRIGUEZPEREZ, J BJORLAND, J DELAGRAVA, MS GUZMAN, SR BRYAN, RT TI USE OF THE FALCON(TM) ASSAY SCREENING-TEST ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY (FAST-ELISA) AND THE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT (EITB) TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE OF HUMAN FASCIOLIASIS IN THE BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; ANTIGEN AB A collaborative study between the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control, the Bolivian Ministry of Health, and private voluntary organizations (Foster Parents Plan International and Danchurchaid) working in Bolivia has identified a region in the northwestern Altiplano of Bolivia near Lake Titicaca as harboring the highest prevalence of human fascioliasis in the world reported to date. Two serologic techniques (the Falcon(TM) assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [FAST-ELISA] and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotranfer blot [EITB]) were used in the determination of its prevalence. One hundred serum samples and 73 stool samples were obtained from Aymara Indians from Corapata, Bolivia. Antibody absorbance levels to Fasciola hepatica excretion-secretion antigens were compared with EITB banding patterns using the same antigen preparation. A positive FAST-ELISA result was defined as an absorbance value greater than the mean plus three standard deviations of two sets of normal negative controls (Puerto Rican and Bolivian). Using this criterion, 53 of 100 sera tested were found positive by this technique. Within this group, 19 (95%) of 20 individuals who were parasite positive were also positive by FAST-ELISA. An additional 24 individuals who were negative for F. hepatica eggs and 10 individuals for whom no specimens were received were also positive by FAST-ELISA. Among the 53 individuals negative for F. hepatica eggs, 29 were also negative by FAST-ELISA. The EITB analysis of the sera from confirmed infected individuals revealed at least three F. hepatica (Fh) bands with molecular weights of 12, 17, and 63 kD, respectively. All 20 sera from infected individuals recognized the Fh12 band; the Fh17 and Fh63 bands were only observed in those individuals with the highest FAST-ELISA absorbances, which suggests that they may be markers for acute infection, in which antibody levels tend to be high. Additional serum samples from six individuals that were negative by coprology and FAST-ELISA did not recognize any of the above markers. Using EITB. 42 (79%) of the 53 persons who were positive by FAST-ELISA were confirmed. These studies support the use of immunologic techniques in the determination of prevalence in epidemiologic studies of human fascioliasis. C1 DANCHURCHAID,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. MINIST PREVIS SOCIAL & SALUD PUBL,INST NACL LABS SALUD,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HILLYER, GV (reprint author), UNIV PUERTO RICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,PARASITE IMMUNOL & PATHOL LAB,SAN JUAN,PR 00936, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22906] NR 12 TC 106 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 603 EP 609 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HX463 UT WOS:A1992HX46300015 PM 1599055 ER PT J AU DIAZ, JF VERASTEGUI, M GILMAN, RH TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB GALLO, C GARCIA, HH TORRES, P MONTENEGRO, T MIRANDA, E AF DIAZ, JF VERASTEGUI, M GILMAN, RH TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB GALLO, C GARCIA, HH TORRES, P MONTENEGRO, T MIRANDA, E TI IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN CYSTICERCOSIS (TAENIA-SOLIUM) - A FIELD COMPARISON OF AN ANTIBODY-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY (ELISA), AN ANTIGEN-ELISA, AND AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT (EITB) ASSAY IN PERU SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DIAGNOSIS AB We compared results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an enzyme-linked immmunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay for the diagnosis of cysticercosis in sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Sera from 34 patients with confirmed cysticercosis were tested by both ELISA and EITB assays. Cerebrospinal fluid from some of these patients was also tested by ELISA for the presence of antibody (AB-ELISA) (n = 21) and antigen (AG-ELISA) (n = 15). Specificity in sera was examined by testing 51 serum samples from Bangladesh, where cysticercosis is not endemic. Cross-reactivity was evaluated in sera from patients with Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid) and Hymenolepis nana infections. Sensitivity in detecting cysticercosis in sera was 94% by EITB and 65% by AB-ELISA (P < 0.01). Sensitivities in the CSF tested by EITB, AB-ELISA, and AG-ELISA were 86%, 62%, and 67%, respectively. The specificity of the EITB was 100%, while that of AB-ELISA was 63% (P < 0.01). Cross-reactions occurred in the AB-ELISA with 11% and 20% of sera from hydatid and H. nana patients, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the EITB is the best assay available for the diagnosis of cysticercosis in both sera and CSF. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 12 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 46 IS 5 BP 610 EP 615 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HX463 UT WOS:A1992HX46300016 PM 1599056 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF CAUTHEN, GM GEITER, LJ SELIN, MJ GOOD, RC OBRIEN, RJ AF HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF CAUTHEN, GM GEITER, LJ SELIN, MJ GOOD, RC OBRIEN, RJ TI EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF MYCOBACTERIAL SKIN-TEST ANTIGENS IN ADULTS WITH PULMONARY MYCOBACTERIOSES SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A double-blind, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of mycobacterial skin test antigens for the specific diagnosis of adult pulmonary mycobacterial disease. The skin test antigens used were PPD-T (M. bovis) and PPD-8 (M. intracellulare), made bioequivalent to 5 TU PPD-S through bioassay in human subjects. Of the 192 adults (18 yr of age or older), those with disease caused by M. tuberculosis (MTB) had significantly larger reactions to PPD-T than did those with disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or those with negative culture results (NEG) (13.41 mm versus 4.87 and 4.96 mm, respectively, p < 0.001). The mean induration to PPD-B in NTM was not different from that in MTB or NEG. Defining a "positive" to be greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mm induration and a size difference of greater-than-or-equal-to 3 mm between PPD-T and PPD-B, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) for PPD-T in diagnosing MTB versus NTM was 29, 90, and 75%. Corresponding values for PPD-B and NTM disease were 70, 61, and 64%. Dual testing was less useful in distinguishing disease caused by any of the mycobacteria from NEG. Although the sensitivity of PPD-B, made bioequivalent to PPD-S, was high, the specificity and PPV were low. We conclude that this preparation of PPD-B is no more useful in distinguishing adult pulmonary disease caused by NTM than Is PPD-T alone. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 145 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1166 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA HU614 UT WOS:A1992HU61400031 PM 1586061 ER PT J AU ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM HOLLER, JS NEEDHAM, LL PATTERSON, DG AF ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM HOLLER, JS NEEDHAM, LL PATTERSON, DG TI DETERMINING VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN BLOOD FROM A LARGE SAMPLE-POPULATION BY USING PURGE AND TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; DRINKING-WATER; BREATH; EXPOSURE; BENZENE; AIR AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major public health concern, because of their ubiquitous nature and the possible health effects associated with exposure to them. An analytical method has been developed that enabled the determination of parts per trillion levels of 32 VOCs in 10 mL of blood. Special efforts toward reducing blank levels and improving measurement sensitivity have resulted in an anatytical method that shows excellent reproducibility and recovery even at these ultratrace levels. Results on normal human blood indicate that quantifiable levels of eleven VOCs can be found in virtually all whole blood samples. In a fraction of the samples, six other VOCs can also be determined at levels above detection limits. This method shows promise as a technique for estimating the normal baseline level of VOCs in human blood and may haver future applications in cases of exposure. RP ASHLEY, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 24 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1021 EP 1029 DI 10.1021/ac00033a011 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HR209 UT WOS:A1992HR20900012 PM 1590585 ER PT J AU AUERBACH, SB SCHWARTZ, B WILLIAMS, D FIORILLI, MG ADIMORA, AA BREIMAN, RF JARVIS, WR AF AUERBACH, SB SCHWARTZ, B WILLIAMS, D FIORILLI, MG ADIMORA, AA BREIMAN, RF JARVIS, WR TI OUTBREAK OF INVASIVE GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN A NURSING-HOME - LESSONS ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; PYOGENES BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; CARE FACILITIES AB Objective. - Nine outbreaks of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections in nursing homes were reported to the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, Ga) during the past two winters. We conducted an intensive epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of one of these outbreaks to determine clinical characteristics, risk factors for transmission and infection, and methods of control and prevention. Methods. - Cases were detected using cultures and serologic tests. Matched case-control and retrospective cohort studies were performed to determine risk factors for infection. Results. - Between December 13, 1989, and January 31, 1990, 16 (20%) of 80 residents, and three (7%) of 45 staff, were infected with GAS. Eleven of the residents had invasive disease and four died. Isolates were available from four persons; all were serotype M-1, T-1. There was strong spatial clustering of cases within the nursing home; having a roommate with prior infection was the most important risk factor. Residents with preexisting decubiti had a reduced risk of infection, perhaps because of stricter infection control practices in their care. No evidence was found for common-source transmission of infection. No further cases occurred after improvement of infection control practices and administration of prophylactic antimicrobials to all residents and staff. Conclusions. - Invasive GAS disease is increasing nationwide, and is a potentially serious problem in the growing and high-risk setting of nursing homes. These data suggest that, in this outbreak, a virulent GAS strain was introduced, with subsequent person-to-person transmission. Adherence to infection control practices can prevent or control GAS outbreaks. Prophylactic antimicrobials may be an effective adjunct to control severe or ongoing outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HALIFAX MEM HOSP,ROANOKE RAPIDS,NC. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 152 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1001/archinte.152.5.1017 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HU616 UT WOS:A1992HU61600019 PM 1580705 ER PT J AU RAFII, F BUTLER, WR CERNIGLIA, CE AF RAFII, F BUTLER, WR CERNIGLIA, CE TI DIFFERENTIATION OF A RAPIDLY GROWING, SCOTOCHROMOGENIC, POLYCYCLIC-AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON-METABOLIZING STRAIN OF MYCOBACTERIUM SP FROM OTHER KNOWN MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIUM; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; MYCOLIC ACIDS; POLYPEPTIDE FINGERPRINTS; RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN BLOTS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; MYCOLIC ACIDS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENUS MYCOBACTERIUM; IDENTIFICATION; FORTUITUM; CHELONAE; DNA AB A rapidly-growing, acid-alcohol fast, scotochromogenic, polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading Mycobacterium sp. isolate, Pyr-1, which was different from known Mycobacterium species based on biochemical tests, was further analyzed to compare its mycolic acids, cellular proteins, and nucleic acids with those of known species. Mass spectral analysis of the mycolic acids of Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1 indicated that its mycolic acids were C60H120O3 and C62H124O3. The mycolic acid pattern from this bacterium was compared to those of 29 rapidly-growing, scotochromogenic species and 31 other species of Mycobacterium by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mycolic acid pattern was unique, most closely resembling M. austroafricanum but also resembling M. parafortuitum and M. gilvum. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of soluble cellular proteins also readily differentiated this isolate from other species. The polypeptide pattern of Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1 most closely resembled that of M. austroafricanum. Restriction enzyme analysis and Southern blot hybridization, however, revealed differences between the chromosomal DNA of our isolate and that of M. austroafricanum. The unique biochemical characteristics, mycolic acid pattern, polypeptide fingerprints, DNA restriction digest patterns, and DNA homology indicate that this strain is different from previously known species of mycobacteria. Since this bacterium is efficient in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, its characteristics and relationships to other Mycobacterium species are reported here. C1 NATL CTR NERVOUS MENTAL & MUSCULAR DISORDERS,DIV MICROBIOL,KODAIRA,TOKYO 187,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 157 IS 6 BP 512 EP 520 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JN095 UT WOS:A1992JN09500007 ER PT J AU BLUMER, SO HEARN, TL SCHALLA, WO CROSS, GD VALDISERRI, RO AF BLUMER, SO HEARN, TL SCHALLA, WO CROSS, GD VALDISERRI, RO TI HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I/II - STATUS OF ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AND WESTERN-BLOT TESTING IN THE UNITED-STATES IN 1989 AND 1990 SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-ABUSERS; CELL LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA; HTLV-II; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; CONFIRMATION; ANTIBODIES; DONORS AB In three performance evaluation surveys, panels that consisted of human T-lymphotropic virus type I or type II (HTLV-I/II) antibody-positive and -negative plasma samples were mailed to laboratories that voluntarily participated in the Centers for Disease Control Model Performance Evaluation Program. Donor samples were identical among surveys. In each survey, more than 98% of the laboratories reported enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results; about 11% also reported results of Western blot (WB) testing. Variation in analytic sensitivity (96.7% to 99.4%) and specificity (98.3% to 99.5%) of EIA tests was noted in the three surveys. For WB testing, no nonreactive interpretations were reported for HTLV-I/II antibody-positive samples in any survey; however, indeterminate interpretations were reported for 35.2% to 40.7% of the WB tests that were performed on HTLV-I/II antibody-positive samples. More than 95% of these indeterminate WB test interpretations were reported for HTLV-II antibody-positive samples. Although HTLV-I/II antibody tests are generally sensitive and specific, their accuracy could be further improved by increasing the specificity of EIA test and the sensitivity of WB tests. RP BLUMER, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM,DIV LAB SYST,MS G23,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 116 IS 5 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HR880 UT WOS:A1992HR88000006 PM 1316110 ER PT J AU CROSS, GD SCHALLA, WO HANCOCK, JS HEARN, TL BLUMER, SO TAYLOR, RN VALDISERRI, RO AF CROSS, GD SCHALLA, WO HANCOCK, JS HEARN, TL BLUMER, SO TAYLOR, RN VALDISERRI, RO TI ANALYTIC SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY RESULTS IN TESTING FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 ANTIBODY SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE EVALUATION PROGRAM; HIV; CENTERS AB In 1986, a performance evaluation program at the Centers for Disease Control was implemented to assess the quality of performance of laboratories testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody and to identify problems that occur during the testing process. Laboratories participating in the Centers for Disease Control Model Performance Evaluation Program for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody testing furnished enzyme immunoassay results after they tested performance evaluation panels that were sent to them in August and November 1989. The panels consisted of 10 individual samples containing antibody-negative and antibody-positive samples, some of which were duplicates. Not all laboratories received the same panel of samples. Low false-negative and false-positive rates, as well as high intrashipment and intershipment reproducibility, indicate that most laboratories did not experience difficulty in testing performance evaluation samples sent to them in August and November 1989. RP CROSS, GD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 116 IS 5 BP 477 EP 481 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA HR880 UT WOS:A1992HR88000007 PM 1580749 ER PT J AU DRISKELL, WJ ASHLEY, DL GRAINGER, J SIRIMANNE, SR MAZZOLA, EP PAGE, SW NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH AF DRISKELL, WJ ASHLEY, DL GRAINGER, J SIRIMANNE, SR MAZZOLA, EP PAGE, SW NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH TI IDENTIFICATION OF DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS OF 1,1'-ETHYLIDENEBIS [L-TRYPTOPHAN], A COMPOUND ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP DRISKELL, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 48 IS 5 BP 679 EP 687 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA HM758 UT WOS:A1992HM75800007 PM 1504513 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK HAMIR, Z AF SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK HAMIR, Z TI EFFECTS OF CULTURE MEDIA ON THE INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SELECTED OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI TO FLUCONAZOLE AND ITRACONAZOLE SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; ASPERGILLUS SPP; PSEUDALLESCHERIA-BOYDII; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA; XYLOHYPHA-BANTIANA ID MYCOSES AB The sensitivity of 23 isolates of opportunistic fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus (5), A. flavus (5), A. niger (5), Pseudallescheria boydii (5), Alternaria alternata (2) and Xylohypha bantiana (1), was investigated against fluconazole and itraconazole, using Sabouraud's dextrose broth (SD) and a high-resolution (HR) medium (Pfizer, Inc.). The procedure followed was a standard tube dilution (1 ml/tube) method. Candida albicans YO1 09 was included as reference strain to monitor quality and reproducibility. Results indicated that the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole for all Aspergillus spp. and C albicans were greater-than-or-equal-to 100-mu-g/ml in SD medium, whereas, for P. boydi, A. alternata and X bantiana, the MICs were 50-mu-g/l. The MICs of itraconazole in SD medium were < 0.195-1.56-mu-g/ml for the fungi tested. In HR medium, the MICs of fluconazole for the Aspergillus spp, were greater-than-or-equal-to 100-mu-g/ml, and those for P. boydii, A. alternata and X. bantiana were 0.78,50 and 50-mu-g/ml, respectively. The MICs of itraconazole for all fungi ranged from < 0.198 to 0.78-mu-g/ml in the HR medium. The values for the reference strain were 1.56 and 100-mu-g/ml in the HR medium for fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. The HR medium was more suitable for testing P boydii against fluconazole. This culture medium did not appear to significantly affect the MICs of itraconazole as compared to those of fluconazole, for the fungi investigated. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH NO ALBERTA,NATL REFERENCE CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,EDMONTON T6G 2J2,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JF469 UT WOS:A1992JF46900005 PM 1324830 ER PT J AU AUERBACH, SB MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA JARVIS, WR AF AUERBACH, SB MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA JARVIS, WR TI OUTBREAK OF PSEUDOINFECTION WITH TSUKAMURELLA-PAUROMETABOLUM TRACED TO LABORATORY CONTAMINATION - EFFICACY OF JOINT EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GORDONA-AURANTIACA RHODOCOCCUS; IDENTIFICATION; NOV AB From January 1988 to May 1989, one hospital in South Carolina reported 12 isolates of Tsukamurella paurometabolum from 10 patients. There were no common risk factors among the patients. Case-control studies revealed that the positive specimens were significantly more likely to have been processed in the TB/fungal room, to have been tissue samples, and to have been handled by one technician. Typing on the basis of biochemical, antimicrobial resistance, Southern blot, and ribotype profiles showed that the isolates from the outbreak were essentially identical and that they were distinguishable from each of two isolates obtained after the outbreak and from two type strains. These findings support the hypothesis of a common-source outbreak of pseudoinfection. There are reasons to believe that T. paurometabolum is present both in the environment and as a culture contaminant more often than has been recognized and that it is very rarely the true cause of infection in humans. Typing results show differences between one type strain and all of the other isolates studied in terms of colonial morphology, biochemistry, antimicrobial susceptibility, and ribotyping; these differences suggest that the nomenclature of T. paurometabolum may require further clarification. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP AUERBACH, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1022 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ569 UT WOS:A1992HQ56900004 PM 1318084 ER PT J AU PANLILIO, AL BECKSAGUE, CM SIEGEL, JD ANDERSON, RL YETTS, SY CLARK, NC DUER, PN THOMASSEN, KA VESS, RW HILL, BC TABLAN, OC JARVIS, WR AF PANLILIO, AL BECKSAGUE, CM SIEGEL, JD ANDERSON, RL YETTS, SY CLARK, NC DUER, PN THOMASSEN, KA VESS, RW HILL, BC TABLAN, OC JARVIS, WR TI INFECTIONS AND PSEUDOINFECTIONS DUE TO POVIDONE-IODINE SOLUTION CONTAMINATED WITH PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLOXAMER-IODINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AERUGINOSA; BACTERIA AB In 1989 we investigated the first instance of Pseudomonas cepacia infections due to intrinsic contamination of a povidone-iodine product. Six patients in a Texas pediatric facility had P. cepacia infection or pseudoinfection (three, peritonitis; one, pseudoperitonitis; and two, pseudobacteremia). Epidemiological studies showed one risk factor for infection of peritoneal fluid with P. cepacia: performance of peritoneal dialysis in the dialysis unit with use of one lot of povidone-iodine later found to be intrinsically contaminated (4/5 vs. 0/16, P = .001). Blood cultures yielded P. cepacia after nurses wiped the tops of blood culture bottles with the povidone-iodine solution before inoculation. P. cepacia was cultured from three povidone-iodine containers used at the hospital and from four containers of the same lot obtained from other health-care facilities in Texas and California. Isolates from patients and the povidone-iodine had similar antibiograms, identical plasmid profiles, and identical DNA banding patterns on the basis of results of ribonucleotide typing. This investigation demonstrates that intrinsic contamination of povidone-iodine solution with P. cepacia can result in infections in addition to colonization and/or pseudoinfection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,HOSP ENVIRONM LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,SW REG OFF,DALLAS,TX. CHILDRENS MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75235. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,AUSTIN,TX. RP PANLILIO, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1078 EP 1083 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ569 UT WOS:A1992HQ56900015 PM 1376156 ER PT J AU PERINE, PL CHANDLER, BP KRAUSE, DK MCCARDLE, P AWOKE, S HABTEGABR, E WISSEMAN, CL MCDADE, JE AF PERINE, PL CHANDLER, BP KRAUSE, DK MCCARDLE, P AWOKE, S HABTEGABR, E WISSEMAN, CL MCDADE, JE TI A CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF EPIDEMIC TYPHUS IN AFRICA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED-FEVER; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; FLYING SQUIRRELS; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; UNITED-STATES; BODY LICE; INFECTION; MURINE AB Epidemic, louse-borne typhus persists in the rugged, mountainous areas of Ethiopia and much of northeastern and central Africa as well as in the rural highlands of Central and South America, where the conditions of living favor the harboring of body lice and where antibiotic treatment and effective louse-control measures are unavailable. The historical significance and current epidemiology of typhus, including the reservoir of Rickettsia prowazekii in flying squirrels in the United States, are reviewed, and the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and hospital course in the cases of 60 patients admitted with epidemic, louse-borne typhus to the St. Paul's Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are described. Treatment of this disease with oral doxycycline, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol prevents complications and results in prompt resolution of symptoms. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,HURLEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,FLINT,MI. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP PERINE, PL (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DIV TROP PUBL HLTH,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 51 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1158 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ569 UT WOS:A1992HQ56900026 PM 1600020 ER PT J AU MCAULEY, JB JURANEK, DD AF MCAULEY, JB JURANEK, DD TI LUMINAL AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF AMEBIASIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP MCAULEY, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1162 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ569 UT WOS:A1992HQ56900029 PM 1600023 ER PT J AU MAZER, RB LEINFELDER, KF RUSSELL, CM AF MAZER, RB LEINFELDER, KF RUSSELL, CM TI DEGRADATION OF MICROFILLED POSTERIOR COMPOSITE SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DENTAL COMPOSITES; WEAR; RESINS; INVIVO AB The substantial improvement in the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of posterior composites has contributed to their increased use in recent years. However, some troubling characteristics of these materials are their susceptibility to wear, marginal leakage, and recurrent caries. Numerous studies have dealt with the wear resistance of posterior composites. Only a few have investigated the mechanisms of failure, particularly those containing submicron-sized fillers. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to analyze the clinical characteristics of a posterior composite to determine the mechanisms responsible for marginal degradation. Using a series of optical standards, it was determined that the generalized wear-rate was linear, averaging 8-mu-m/year. Furthermore, it was shown that the marginal defect was cohesive in nature and that this type of defect, which is inherent in submicron-type posterior composites, was probably due to tensile fatigue failure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MAZER, RB (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,SCH DENT,BOX 49,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(92)90080-V PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA JD541 UT WOS:A1992JD54100010 PM 1521708 ER PT J AU LIEBLER, EM KLUVER, S POHLENZ, J KOOPMANS, M AF LIEBLER, EM KLUVER, S POHLENZ, J KOOPMANS, M TI DETECTION OF BREDAVIRUS IN FECAL SAMPLES OF CALVES FROM HERDS IN LOWER SAXONY SO DEUTSCHE TIERARZTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA German DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DIARRHEIC CALVES; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; CALF DIARRHEA; BERNE VIRUS; DIAGNOSIS; TOROVIRUS; GERMANY; ANIMALS; CATTLE AB The objective of this investigation was to determine the distribution of Bredavirus in cattle herds in Lower Saxony and to evaluate its significance as potential cause of diarrhea in calves. Fecal samples and paired blood samples of 119 diarrheic and 46 healthy calves up to two months of age were collected from herds where diarrhea of calves was a problem. Fecal samples were examined for Breda-, rota- and coronavirus by solid phase immune electron microscopy and by ELISA, for K99-positive E. coli and salmonella by microbiological methods, and for cryptosporidia in smears. Antibody titers against Bredavirus, total serum protein and serum gamma globulin content were evaluated in the blood samples. Bredavirus was found in fecal samples from 5 % (n = 6) of diarrheic calves which came from four different herds, but not in healthy calves. Rotavirus (31,9 %), coronavirus (18,5 %) and cryptosporidia (29,9 %) were detected more frequently in fecal samples than Bredavirus. In this investigation rotavirus, coronavirus and cryptosporidia were present in addition in all herds where Bredavirus was found. In contrast to the low percentage of fecal samples containing Bredavirus, antibody titers in 75 % of calves confirmed the high prevalence of Bredavirus infection in the cattle population of Lower Saxony. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LIEBLER, EM (reprint author), TIERARZTL HSCH HANNOVER,INST PATHOL,BUNTEWEG 17,W-3000 HANNOVER 71,GERMANY. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG PI ALFELD PA POSTFACH 16 42 16 52 KALANDSTRASSE 4, W-3220 ALFELD, GERMANY SN 0341-6593 J9 DEUT TIERARZTL WOCH JI Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 99 IS 5 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KB708 UT WOS:A1992KB70800008 PM 1322268 ER PT J AU DROTMAN, DP HAVERKOS, HW AF DROTMAN, DP HAVERKOS, HW TI WHAT CAUSES KAPOSIS-SARCOMA - INQUIRING EPIDEMIOLOGISTS WANT TO KNOW SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP DROTMAN, DP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 3 IS 3 BP 191 EP 193 DI 10.1097/00001648-199205000-00002 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT912 UT WOS:A1992HT91200002 PM 1591316 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA KHOURY, MJ KATZ, DF ANNEST, JL KRESNOW, M DESTEFANO, F SCHRADER, SM AF BOYLE, CA KHOURY, MJ KATZ, DF ANNEST, JL KRESNOW, M DESTEFANO, F SCHRADER, SM TI THE RELATION OF COMPUTER-BASED MEASURES OF SPERM MORPHOLOGY AND MOTILITY TO MALE-INFERTILITY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALE INFERTILITY; SPERM MORPHOLOGY; SPERM MOTILITY; BIOMARKER; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS AB We investigated the relation between various sperm characteristics, including morphometric parameters, and impaired fertility among 596 men who participated in a national study. Semen was collected and processed by using a standardized protocol, and sperm measurements were made using a computer-aided sperm analysis instrument. We defined infertility in two ways: (1) the inability to father a child after trying for a year or longer, and (2) the number of children fathered. We found that all measures of sperm motion were decreased among men with impaired fertility. After adjustment for the other motion parameters and various potential confounders, however, only the percentage of progressive cells was associated with infertility, One morphometric parameter, the mean length/width ratio, was consistently associated with both measures of infertility, even after adjustment for potential covariates. This measure was also strongly associated with infertility among various subgroups defined by poor sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. The sperm length/width ratio appears to be an important correlate of infertility in males. RP BOYLE, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,MAILSTOP F-37,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03614, ES04699] NR 0 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 3 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1097/00001648-199205000-00009 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT912 UT WOS:A1992HT91200009 PM 1591323 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, L AF KAUFMAN, L TI IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF SYSTEMIC MYCOSES - AN UPDATE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; MYCOSES AB Fluorescent antibody, immunoperoxidase and gold-silver staining methods for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of systemic mycotic infections are currently performed in a few specialized laboratories. These methods have proved applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and are reliable for identifying therein antigens of infectious dimorphic, monomorphic filamentous, and yeast-like fungal pathogens, i.e., Aspergillus spp., Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida spp., Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Pseudallescheria boydii, and Sporothrix schenckii. Most of the available reagents are derived from multiple adsorbed polyclonal antisera. However, problems occur in the production of uniform and standardized species- or genus- specific antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies, although promising, have to date not eliminated these problems. Immunohistologic methods will become more routinely used in clinical laboratories as these problems are resolved and more sensitive and specific reagents become commercially available. RP KAUFMAN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1007/BF00158571 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN157 UT WOS:A1992JN15700010 PM 1397200 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM AF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM TI DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Rhodococcus equi, an unusual gram positive aerobic actinomycete, was first described as a respiratory pathogen of livestock in 1923. Reports of human clinical illness have emphasized R. equi as a cause of invasive pulmonary infection in severely immunocompromised patients and, recently, have implicated it as a cause of pneumonia, bacteremia and disseminated infection in HIV-infected patients. To determine the distribution of R. equi we evaluated 107 isolates referred to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) during the period January 1973 through December 1990. The sites of these 107 isolates (101 patient and 6 animal isolates) were: blood (32 isolates), sputum (30), lung tissue (13) and other site (32). Before 1983, when the first R. equi isolate from an HIV-infected patient was received, CDC received a total of 52 patient isolates. In addition, during this 10 year period, R. equi isolates were received from more than one site from only one patient. However, during the two year period 1989 - 1990, we identified 8 patients with underlying HIV infection and R. equi pneumonia who accounted for 29 of 35 (83%) R. equi patient isolates; 6 of these patients also had bacteremia and three died with disseminated R. equi infection. No isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, gentamicin or imipenem, and few (< 5%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results suggest that HIV-infected patients, in particular, are predisposed to develop invasive pulmonary, fatal disseminated R. equi infection (or both), and appropriate antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates may improve the effectiveness of therapy of R. equi-infected patients. RP MCNEIL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1007/BF00158580 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA JN157 UT WOS:A1992JN15700019 PM 1397208 ER PT J AU QUAYLE, AJ WILSON, KB LI, SG KJELDSENKRAGH, J OFTUNG, F SHINNICK, T SIOUD, M FORRE, O CAPRA, JD NATVIG, JB AF QUAYLE, AJ WILSON, KB LI, SG KJELDSENKRAGH, J OFTUNG, F SHINNICK, T SIOUD, M FORRE, O CAPRA, JD NATVIG, JB TI PEPTIDE RECOGNITION, T-CELL RECEPTOR USAGE AND HLA RESTRICTION ELEMENTS OF HUMAN HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN (HSP)-60 AND MYCOBACTERIAL 65-KDA HSP-REACTIVE T-CELL CLONES FROM RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL-FLUID SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH ANTIGEN REACTIVITY; LYMPHOCYTES-T; CHRONIC INFLAMMATION; ARTHRITIS PATIENTS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; TUBERCULOSIS; EPITOPES; STIMULATION; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION AB A commonly held postulate regarding the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is that of antigenic mimicry. Recent interest has focused on the mycobacterial 65-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp) as a putative causal agent. The 65-kDa hsp has over 40% sequence homology with the human hsp 60, and elevated synovial T cell responses to both antigens have been demonstrated in RA and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients. Such T cells should, therefore, be specific for shared epitopes on the two antigens. To investigate this, we screened synovial fluid mononuclear cells from two early RA patients with peptides of the 65-kDa hsp which have the greatest homology with the human hsp 60. We also raised a panel of T cell clones from one of the patients with the 65-kDa hsp. The synovial T cell population from both patients and one of the T cell clones recognized a peptide representing the amino-acid sequence 241-255. This clone also responded to the peptide of the equivalent human sequence, and was restricted by HLA-DQ. A second T cell clone recognized an adjacent epitope (amino acid sequence 251-265) which is also highly homologous with the human sequence, but this clone was restricted by HLA-DR. The clones utilized different V(beta) gene segments but the same D(beta) and J(beta) gene elements, and both exhibited specific cytotoxicity against autologous antigen-pulsed macrophages. Our findings, therefore, do not disagree with the postulate that autoimmune disease could possibly be triggered by bacterial epitopes with homology to self protein. However, it is also noted that there are alternative interpretations of this data. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75230. NORWEGIAN RADIUM HOSP,IMMUNOL LAB,OSLO 3,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OSLO SANITETSFORENINGS HOSP,OSLO,NORWAY. RP QUAYLE, AJ (reprint author), UNIV OSLO,INST IMMUNOL & RHEUMATOL,FR QUAMS GATE 1,N-0172 OSLO 1,NORWAY. RI Kjeldsen-Kragh, Jens/A-4472-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI23271]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK42582] NR 34 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1322 DI 10.1002/eji.1830220529 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA HV817 UT WOS:A1992HV81700028 PM 1577070 ER PT J AU WINTON, EF JACOBS, PC ROZMIAREK, SK STAHL, CP MYERS, LA LIEHL, E STOLL, RE ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM AF WINTON, EF JACOBS, PC ROZMIAREK, SK STAHL, CP MYERS, LA LIEHL, E STOLL, RE ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM TI STUDIES OF AN IMPROVED RHESUS HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR-CELL ASSAY SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLONY-FORMING CELL; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; MEGAKARYOCYTE ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTORS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; MEGAKARYOCYTES AB We have improved Rhesus monkey marrow cell growth in semisolid media by means of substituting supplemented calf serum for fetal bovine serum. The cloning efficiency of light-density marrow cells separated on 60% Percoll was 126 (+/- 54)/10(5) (n = 12, +/- SD), and for light-density peripheral blood cells 60 (+/- 46)/10(6) (n = 11). Thirty-five percent of the colonies were multilineage, whereas the remainder were unilineage colonies composed of erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, and neutrophilic or monocytic granulocytes. Unilineage megakaryocyte colonies comprised 12% of the total marrow progenitor cells. The [H-3]TdR suicide index of marrow progenitor cells was 47% +/- 9% (n = 12). This progenitor cell assay should prove useful in preclinical studies of the effect of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors on the number and cycling status of Rhesus hematopoietic progenitor cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SANDOZ INC,RES INST,E HANOVER,NJ 07936. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL & ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CETUS CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. SANDOZ AG,RES CTR,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA HT028 UT WOS:A1992HT02800006 PM 1568458 ER PT J AU CATES, W STONE, KM AF CATES, W STONE, KM TI FAMILY-PLANNING, SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE - A LITERATURE UPDATE .2. SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE USE; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; CURETTAGE ABORTION; TUBAL INFERTILITY; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; LEGAL-ABORTION; HIV-INFECTION AB Part I of this article, which appeared in the previous issue of Family Planning Perspectives, reviewed the scientific literature on the effects of barrier methods and spermicides (used alone or in combination with a barrier method) on infection with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In general, recent studies have concluded that condoms used alone, spermicides used alone and methods combining mechanical barriers with spermicides all provide protection against STDs. Part II reviews what is known about the effects of the pill, the IUD, tubal sterilization and abortion on the risks of upper reproductive tract infections. A discussion of the trade-offs involved in choosing a contraceptive is illustrated by estimates of the first-year rates of unplanned pregnancy and gonorrhea infection (given an infected partner) among women using various contraceptive methods. As in part I, studies summarized in the tables are arranged by increasing strength of study design. In general, descriptive or cross-sectional designs are the most vulnerable to methodologic problems; case-control studies, cohort investigations and randomized clinical trials follow, in ascending order of strength. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 106 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 3 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.2307/2135542 PG 7 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA HX821 UT WOS:A1992HX82100005 PM 1628715 ER PT J AU CHEEVER, KL DEBORD, DG SWEARENGIN, TF BOOTHJONES, AD AF CHEEVER, KL DEBORD, DG SWEARENGIN, TF BOOTHJONES, AD TI ORTHO-TOLUIDINE BLOOD PROTEIN ADDUCTS - HPLC ANALYSIS WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AFTER A SINGLE DOSE IN THE ADULT MALE-RAT SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-AMINES; HEMOGLOBIN BINDING; ALKYLATING-AGENTS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; COVALENT BINDING; GENETIC RISKS; DNA; MUTAGENICITY; DERIVATIVES; ANILINE RP CHEEVER, KL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 18 IS 4 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90111-T PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HU393 UT WOS:A1992HU39300006 PM 1526364 ER PT J AU PILTINGSRUD, HV ROBERSON, PL AF PILTINGSRUD, HV ROBERSON, PL TI PERSONNEL DOSIMETER ANGULAR RESPONSE PROPERTIES AND THE ADOPTION OF ICRU REPORT-39 QUANTITIES SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE DOSIMETRY, PERSONNEL; PHANTOM; DOSE EQUIVALENT; INTERNATIONAL-COMMISSION-ON-RADIOLOGICAL-PROTECTION AB A new set of quantities for applied health physics has been proposed by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements with the recommendation that they be based on the ICRU sphere phantom model. The quantities proposed for individual monitoring, which incorporate specific nonisotropic angular response properties, are designed to provide an estimate of an individual's H(E) and are the individual dose equivalent, both superficial [effective dose equivalent, H(s)(d))] and penetrating [penetrating effective dose equivalent, H(p)(d)]. Our study of typical dosimeter wearing practices indicated that there were no consistent locations on or angular orientations of dosimeters to the wearer's body. This demonstrated a difficulty in the practical implementation of personnel dosimeters having an angular response approximating H(p)(d) for a specifically selected point on a body, rather than the traditionally assumed design goal of dosimeters using an isotropic response. It also indicated that it is important for dosimeters using a H(p)(d) response to have an adequate means of mounting the dosimeter to assure the required dosimeter orientation to the body under a wide range of conditions of application. Questions remain as to how the specified ICRU sphere reference phantom (or an approximation thereof) can be used as a practical testing laboratory phantom. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT RADIAT ONCOL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP PILTINGSRUD, HV (reprint author), NIOSH, DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 62 IS 5 BP 385 EP 394 DI 10.1097/00004032-199205000-00001 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HP673 UT WOS:A1992HP67300001 PM 1559806 ER PT J AU VILLARINO, ME GORDON, SM VALDON, C POTTS, D FISH, K UYEDA, C MCCARTHY, PM BLAND, LA ANDERSON, RL JARVIS, WR AF VILLARINO, ME GORDON, SM VALDON, C POTTS, D FISH, K UYEDA, C MCCARTHY, PM BLAND, LA ANDERSON, RL JARVIS, WR TI A CLUSTER OF SEVERE POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING FOLLOWING OPEN-HEART-SURGERY SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY SURGERY; HYDROXYETHYL STARCH; CARDIAC-SURGERY; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; BLOOD-COAGULATION; COAGULOPATHY; OPERATIONS; HETASTARCH; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate a cluster of postoperative bleeding following open heart surgery. DESIGN: A cohort and case/control study. SETTING: Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center, Palo Alto, California. PARTICIPANTS: Six (21.4%) of 28 patients undergoing open heart surgery who developed severe, nonsurgical postoperative bleeding from July 1 through August 30, 1988 (outbreak period). All case-patients had chest tube drainage of greater-than-or-equal-to 1000 ml within 4 hours of surgery but did not have identifiable bleeding vessel(s) on exploration. RESULTS: Upon comparison of the pre-outbreak (January 1986 through June 1988) and the outbreak period, a significant increase was found in the incidence of postoperative nonsurgical bleeding (5/440 versus 6/28, p = .0006), but not of postoperative surgical bleeding (8/440 versus 0/28, p = 1.0). Of all patients undergoing open heart surgery during the outbreak period, case patients were found to be older (67.8 versus 60.6, p = .02) and to have received a larger volume of hetastarch (HES), a synthetic colloidal plasma-volume expander (mean = 19.4 ml/kg versus 14.1 ml/kg, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the use of large volumes of HES during surgery in the elderly open heart surgery patient may increase the risk for severe, nonsurgical postoperative bleeding, probably caused by alterations of the coagulation system. As the incidence of open heart surgery increases among the elderly, surgeons and anesthesiologists should be alert to possible adverse reactions from exposures not associated with adverse reactions in younger patients. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP VILLARINO, ME (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 13 IS 5 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HU432 UT WOS:A1992HU43200007 PM 1375613 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, LS BUEHLER, JW MORGAN, M MOIEN, M AF ROSENBLUM, LS BUEHLER, JW MORGAN, M MOIEN, M TI INCREASING IMPACT OF HIV-INFECTION ON HOSPITALIZATIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1983-1988 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; HOSPITALIZATION; MORBIDITY ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; VIRUS EPIDEMIC; MEDICAL-CARE; AIDS; MORTALITY; PNEUMONIA; DISEASE; TRENDS AB During 1983-1988, hospitalizations of patients with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increased from 1.3 to 33.7 per 100,000 persons. We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey, which is based on a representative sample of discharges from nonfederal short-stay hospitals, to describe illnesses among hospitalized patients with HIV infection. Of 222,200 such hospitalizations during 1983-1988, most occurred among persons who were 25-44 years of age (79%), white (66%). and male (90%). Among men 25-44 years of age, HIV admissions increased from 8.5 to 148.6 per 100,000 persons during 1983-1988, among black men 25-44 years of age. HIV hospitalizations increased from 43.1 to 387.4 per 100,000 persons. Among women, hospitalizations increased 3.4-fold. Frequently listed illnesses in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) AIDS case definition were Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (30%). candidiasis (20%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (13%). Other frequently listed illnesses included infections (39%) such as pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections; blood dyscrasias (30%) such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis; metabolic (17%), gastrointestinal (16%), and respiratory disorders (12%); and drug abuse (9%). These data provide a minimum estimate of HIV hospitalizations because for some patients HIV infection may not be specified on the discharge record. HIV hospitalizations are increasing markedly and are associated with a broad spectrum of severe morbidity. Key Words: HIV infection-Hospitalization-Morbidity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF CTR DIRECTOR,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP ROSENBLUM, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 5 IS 5 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HP068 UT WOS:A1992HP06800011 PM 1560347 ER PT J AU GWINN, M REDUS, MA GRANADE, TC HANNON, WH GEORGE, JR AF GWINN, M REDUS, MA GRANADE, TC HANNON, WH GEORGE, JR TI HIV-1 SEROLOGIC TEST-RESULTS FOR ONE MILLION NEWBORN DRIED-BLOOD SPECIMENS - ASSAY PERFORMANCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SCREENING SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; WESTERN BLOT; BLOOD SPOTS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; SCREENING ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT PROCEDURE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; TYPE-1; SAMPLES; PROGRAM; DONORS AB In a population-based national survey conducted in 1988-90, more than one million neonatal dried-blood specimens were tested for maternal antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and Western blot tests were performed in 20 state laboratories following standardized procedures. The observed predictive value of a repeatedly reactive EIA result closely coincided with that expected on the basis of manufacturer's estimates of test sensitivity and specificity for dried-blood specimens. Of the 2,845 EIA-reactive specimens tested by Western blot, 1,323 (47%) were positive, 1,270 (45%) were negative, and 252 (9%) were indeterminate. False-positive EIA and indeterminate Western blot results occurred at rates independent of seroprevalence. These data help characterize the results to be expected from screening of similar low-seroprevalence populations and constitute a base line for the detection of systematic testing errors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GWINN, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-46,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 5 IS 5 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HP068 UT WOS:A1992HP06800012 PM 1560348 ER PT J AU GAYLE, HD GNAORE, E ADJORLOLO, G EKPINI, E COULIBALY, R PORTER, A BRAUN, MM ZABBAN, MLK ANDOU, J TIMITE, A ASSIADOU, J DECOCK, KM AF GAYLE, HD GNAORE, E ADJORLOLO, G EKPINI, E COULIBALY, R PORTER, A BRAUN, MM ZABBAN, MLK ANDOU, J TIMITE, A ASSIADOU, J DECOCK, KM TI HIV-1 AND HIV-2 INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; CHILDREN; WEST-AFRICA; RISK FACTORS; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-2; WEST-AFRICA; IVORY-COAST; BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS; GUINEA-BISSAU; AIDS; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; KINSHASA; ZAIRE AB We conducted a study of 1,003 well and hospitalized children, birth to 5 years old, in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection, evaluate risk factors for infection. and describe associated clinical characteristics. The overall seroprevalence was significantly higher for children in the hospital (10.8%) than for those attending the clinic (3.6%). HIV-1 was the predominant virus in both populations, comprising 87% (hospital) and 77% (clinic) of the seroreactive blood specimens. Ninety-two percent of seroreactive children of all ages had a mother who was HIV positive; 77% of seroreactive children greater-than-or-equal-to 15 months old had an HIV-infected mother. The remaining seropositive children had a history of receiving blood transfusions. Hospitalized children who were HIV-1 positive or dually seroreactive were more likely to have HIV-related clinical signs and symptoms than HIV-negative children. These findings suggest that HIV infection is an important cause of morbidity for children in Abidjan and that maternal infection is the primary risk factor for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in children. Further evaluation and attention should be given to transmission, clinical characteristics, and the impact of HIV infection in children in West Africa, where both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are present. C1 PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. MINIST PUBL HLTH & POPULAT,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV ABIDJAN,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP GAYLE, HD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MS E50,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 5 IS 5 BP 513 EP 517 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HP068 UT WOS:A1992HP06800013 PM 1313865 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA HOLMAN, RC JONES, BM MCDOUGAL, JS SPRAUER, MA MARKOWITZ, LE AF NICHOLSON, JKA HOLMAN, RC JONES, BM MCDOUGAL, JS SPRAUER, MA MARKOWITZ, LE TI THE EFFECT OF MEASLES-RUBELLA VACCINATION ON LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS AND SUBPOPULATIONS IN HIV-INFECTED AND HEALTHY-INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; VIRUS INFECTION; T-HELPER; SUBSETS; AIDS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NICHOLSON, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 5 IS 5 BP 528 EP 529 DI 10.1097/00126334-199205000-00016 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HP068 UT WOS:A1992HP06800016 PM 1560351 ER PT J AU SCHLESSELMAN, JJ STADEL, BV KORPER, M WEI, Y WINGO, PA AF SCHLESSELMAN, JJ STADEL, BV KORPER, M WEI, Y WINGO, PA TI BREAST-CANCER DETECTION IN RELATION TO ORAL CONTRACEPTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIAS; BREAST CANCER; LEAD-TIME; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES; TUMOR SIZE; TUMOR STAGE ID YOUNG-WOMEN; FINAL REPORT; SWEDEN; RISK; NORWAY AB Analyses of tumor size and breast cancer stage were used to determine whether biased detection of breast cancer could have materially influenced estimates of risk associated with use of oral contraceptives. In a population-based case-control study conducted from 1980-1982, surveillance for breast cancer by breast exams, but not mammography, was found to be strongly linked to use of oral contraceptives. Tumors were slightly smaller and less likely to be late-stage (TNM stage III or IV) in patients who had used oral contraceptives. The net effect of any diagnostic bias on advancing the date of cancer diagnosis, whether from breast exams or other sources, was estimated to be less than 8 weeks. This corresponds to spuriously increasing the risk of early-occurring breast cancer in oral contraceptive users by at most 2.4% (relative risk = 1.024). C1 US FDA,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHLESSELMAN, JJ (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50193] NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 449 EP 459 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90094-4 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HW200 UT WOS:A1992HW20000002 PM 1588351 ER PT J AU RICE, EW SOWERS, EG JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME STROCKBINE, NA EDBERG, SC AF RICE, EW SOWERS, EG JOHNSON, CH DUNNIGAN, ME STROCKBINE, NA EDBERG, SC TI SEROLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIONS BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157 AND OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS ESCHERICHIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FALSE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATIONS; STRAINS AB The antigenic relatedness of Escherichia coli O157 and four sorbitol-negative species of the genus Escherichia was examined. Isolates of Escherichia hermannii, E. fergusonii, E. vulneris, and E. blattae were tested in the tube agglutination assay by using polyclonal antisera and in the slide agglutination assay by using latex reagents. Only four isolates (17%) of E. hermannii exhibited serological cross-reactivity. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RICE, EW (reprint author), US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1316 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HP828 UT WOS:A1992HP82800053 PM 1583138 ER PT J AU FLOYD, MM SILCOX, VA JONES, WD BUTLER, WR KILBURN, JO AF FLOYD, MM SILCOX, VA JONES, WD BUTLER, WR KILBURN, JO TI SEPARATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS BCG FROM MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AND MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS BY USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF MYCOLIC ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS AB Profile analysis of mycolic acid ester patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) using high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that separation of BCG from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis by elution and relative retention times is possible. Mycolic acid patterns of BCG eluted from the column 0.5 min before M. tuberculosis or M. bovis, resulting in relative retention times for two peaks not seen in the pattern of M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. Identification was confirmed by phage typing, which has been the standard procedure for confirmation of BCG strains. These results showed that high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of mycolic acid esters can be used in the mycobacterial reference laboratory for separation of BCG from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. RP FLOYD, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1330 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HP828 UT WOS:A1992HP82800057 PM 1583141 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, JE CHAPINROBERTSON, K WAYCOTT, S FARREL, P MCGEER, A MCNEIL, MM EDBERG, SC AF PATTERSON, JE CHAPINROBERTSON, K WAYCOTT, S FARREL, P MCGEER, A MCNEIL, MM EDBERG, SC TI PSEUDOEPIDEMIC OF NOCARDIA-ASTEROIDES ASSOCIATED WITH A MYCOBACTERIAL CULTURE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; ANALYZER AB Nocardia isolations increased from 0.7 to 11.7/1,000 acid-fast bacillus and mycological cultures (P < 0.000001). Only three isolations from one patient represented infection. Pseudoepidemic strain identity was confirmed by DNA fingerprinting; the isolate causing infection was distinct. The end of the pseudoepidemic was associated with changing the needle sterilizer and prolonging needle sterilization time on the BACTEC 460 machine. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Nocardia asteroides pseudoepidemic. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PATTERSON, JE (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1357 EP 1360 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HP828 UT WOS:A1992HP82800066 PM 1583150 ER PT J AU SMITH, SM MOLLOY, BK WINICK, HJ GRAITCER, PL AF SMITH, SM MOLLOY, BK WINICK, HJ GRAITCER, PL TI RURAL AMERICAN-INDIAN INJURY PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Termed the number one public health problem in the United States, injuries are even more devastating to rural Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives. As part of an increased public health focus on injuries, the Centers for Disease Control and the Indian Health Service are developing model injury control programs in three Service Units. Epidemiologic analysis of existing data from these three units offered a unique opportunity to evaluate population-based injury mortality and morbidity and to compare fatal and nonfatal injury patterns. Unintentional and intentional (suicide and homicide) injuries accounted for from 19.4 percent to 23 percent of deaths in fiscal year 1985. During FY 81-85, from 10.4 percent to 20.7 percent of hospitalizations and from 5 percent to 6.4 percent of outpatient visits resulted from injuries. At one site, age-adjusted injury hospitalization rates exceeded the estimated U.S. rate by almost 200 percent. Motor vehicle-related injuries were the leading external cause of death at each site; falls and motor vehicle-related injuries ranked highest as causes for hospitalization. The reported proportion of alcohol-associated injuries requiring hospitalization ranged from 8.8 percent to 18.4 percent. These data suggest an urgent need to develop intervention programs targeted to local problems. RP SMITH, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 54 IS 6 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT850 UT WOS:A1992HT85000004 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR WEINSTEIN, RA WHALING, SM OU, CY CONNOLLY, PJ MOORE, JL BITRAN, JD AF EDLIN, BR WEINSTEIN, RA WHALING, SM OU, CY CONNOLLY, PJ MOORE, JL BITRAN, JD TI ZIDOVUDINE INTERFERON-ALPHA COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION - BIPHASIC RESPONSE OF P24-ANTIGEN AND QUANTITATIVE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; ANTIGEN LEVELS; HIV-INFECTION; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; AZIDOTHYMIDINE AZT; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; DOUBLE-BLIND; P24 ANTIGEN AB In an open-label dose-ranging pilot trial, 13 homosexual men with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigenemia after at least 6 weeks of zidovudine monotherapy were continued on zidovudine and given interferon-alpha, 1.25-7.5 x 10(6) units/m2 subcutaneously three times/week. Plasma p24 antigen levels demonstrated a biphasic response, falling initially in 11 patients by a mean of 50% (95% confidence interval, 36%-64%; P = .001) at a median of 11 weeks, but rising steadily thereafter (P = .001). CD4+ cell counts fell by a mean of 7.1 cells/mm3/week (P = .01). Higher initial CD4+ counts predicted greater p24 antigen reductions. At higher interferon doses no greater reductions in p24 antigen occurred, but side effects were more severe and CD4+ lymphocyte counts fell faster. Polymerase chain reaction quantification of HIV-1 DNA in 3 patients showed a biphasic pattern paralleling the p24 antigen response. In sum, although evidence of short-term effects was found, the combination showed no evidence of lasting antiviral activity beyond that achieved with zidovudine alone in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection. C1 MICHAEL REESE HOSP & MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,CHICAGO,IL 60616. MICHAEL REESE HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,CHICAGO,IL 60616. MICHAEL REESE HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,CHICAGO,IL 60616. MICHAEL REESE HOSP & MED CTR,AIDS CLIN,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 49 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 165 IS 5 BP 793 EP 798 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ275 UT WOS:A1992HQ27500001 PM 1349031 ER PT J AU TICEHURST, J RHODES, LL KRAWCZYNSKI, K ASHER, LVS ENGLER, WF MENSING, TL CAUDILL, JD SJOGREN, MH HOKE, CH LEDUC, JW BRADLEY, DW BINN, LN AF TICEHURST, J RHODES, LL KRAWCZYNSKI, K ASHER, LVS ENGLER, WF MENSING, TL CAUDILL, JD SJOGREN, MH HOKE, CH LEDUC, JW BRADLEY, DW BINN, LN TI INFECTION OF OWL MONKEYS (AOTUS-TRIVIRGATUS) AND CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS (MACACA-FASCICULARIS) WITH HEPATITIS-E VIRUS FROM MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PUTATIVE CAUSATIVE VIRUS; EPIDEMIC NON-A; TRANSMISSION; PARTICLES; MORPHOLOGY; MARMOSETS; MACAQUES AB Owl and cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) to compare disease models and produce antibody and virus. By immune electron microscopy (IEM), all six owl monkeys were shown to have serologic responses manifested by unusually high levels of anti-HEV at 6 months, but only three developed hepatitis. Virus-related antigen in liver (HEVAg) was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy of biopsies from two of four owl monkeys; one with HEVAg also had HEV in acute-phase bile (detected by IEM) and feces (detected by infecting another owl monkey). In contrast, cynomolgus monkeys propagated HEV to higher levels and all five had hepatitis. Moderate-to-high levels of HEVAg correlated with detectable HEV in bile for both species. Thus, the value of using HEV-infected cynomolgus was confirmed. Owl monkeys were shown to be HEV-susceptible and sources of high-level anti-HEV; Sustained anti-HEV in these monkeys may also be useful for understanding immune responses. C1 ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,AMER REGISTRY PATHOL,DEPT CELLULAR PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV IMMUNOL,DEPT VIRAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV PATHOL,DEPT VIRAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV DIS ASSESSMENT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV ANIM RESOURCES,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP TICEHURST, J (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,DEPT VIRAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. RI Ticehurst, John/I-7532-2012 NR 48 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 165 IS 5 BP 835 EP 845 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ275 UT WOS:A1992HQ27500008 PM 1569334 ER PT J AU WIKTOR, SZ CANNON, RO ATKINSON, WL LUTZ, B HOOK, EW BLATTNER, WA QUINN, TC AF WIKTOR, SZ CANNON, RO ATKINSON, WL LUTZ, B HOOK, EW BLATTNER, WA QUINN, TC TI INFECTION WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II IN SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS IN BALTIMORE AND NEW-ORLEANS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HTLV-I; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; DRUG-ABUSERS; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; TRINIDAD; USA; HIV AB Patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Baltimore (n = 4880) and New Orleans (n = 1054) were surveyed in 1987 to estimate the prevalence of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I/II infection. In Baltimore, 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-1.1) were HTLV-I/II-seropositive and 4.9% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-positive. In New Orleans, 1.8% (CI, 1.2-2.9) of sera were HTLV-I/II-seropositive and 5.1% were HIV-1-seropositive. In both cities, HTLV-I/II prevalence increased significantly with age, and the New Orleans age- and sex-adjusted HTLV-I/II prevalence was significantly higher than that of Baltimore (P <.001). In Baltimore, almost all HTLV-I/II seropositivity was associated with a history of parenteral drug use or sexual contact with partners who were drug users or male homosexuals. In addition, individuals in both cities who were seropositive for HIV-1 or syphilis were significantly more likely to be HTLV-I/II-seropositive. C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CITY HLTH DEPT,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. NEW ORLEANS DEPT HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 165 IS 5 BP 920 EP 924 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ275 UT WOS:A1992HQ27500022 PM 1569344 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL KAYE, ET LEPORE, TJ BERMAN, JD BADEN, HP AF HERWALDT, BL KAYE, ET LEPORE, TJ BERMAN, JD BADEN, HP TI SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE (PENTOSTAM) OVERDOSE DURING TREATMENT OF AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID MUCOSAL LEISHMANIASIS; ANTIMONY; EFFICACY AB A 27-year-old woman who acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central America was inadvertently treated with 10 times the intended daily dose of the pentavalent antimonial compound sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam): 8500 mg (143 mg/kg) instead of 850 mg. The patient felt "wiped out" during the 4-h infusion of the drug. After the mistake in dosing was discovered, she was vigorously hydrated and carefully monitored in an intensive care unit for > 48 h. Her vital signs were stable, and no arrhythmias were noted. Her alanine aminotransferase level rose briefly to 2.4 times the upper limit of normal, and her white blood cell count briefly fell 43% to a low of 3700/mu-l. Her skin lesions subsequently healed without further therapy. Although sodium stibogluconate has been associated with a variety of side effects, in this case, a single high dose of the drug was tolerated without serious toxicity. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02114. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NANTUCKET COTTAGE HOSP,NANTUCKET,MA. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 165 IS 5 BP 968 EP 971 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ275 UT WOS:A1992HQ27500034 PM 1314873 ER PT J AU BARRETT, TJ KAPER, JB JERSE, AE WACHSMUTH, IK AF BARRETT, TJ KAPER, JB JERSE, AE WACHSMUTH, IK TI VIRULENCE FACTORS IN SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA-COLI ISOLATED FROM HUMANS AND CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION; O157-H7; PLASMID C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP BARRETT, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Kaper, James/0000-0003-0715-2907 NR 10 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 165 IS 5 BP 979 EP 980 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HQ275 UT WOS:A1992HQ27500042 PM 1569356 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, JB MITCHELL, SW KILEY, MP RUO, S FISHERHOCH, SP AF MCCORMICK, JB MITCHELL, SW KILEY, MP RUO, S FISHERHOCH, SP TI INACTIVATED LASSA VIRUS ELICITS A NONPROTECTIVE IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN RHESUS-MONKEYS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE LASSA FEVER; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; LASSA VACCINATION ID MASTOMYS-NATALENSIS; GUINEA-PIGS; FEVER; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PROTEINS; AFRICA; LIVE AB We attempted to protect three rhesus monkeys from Lassa fever by vaccination with a preparation of purified whole Lassa virus which had been inactivated by gamma irradiation. The vaccinated monkeys developed antibodies against the three major viral proteins of Lassa virus demonstrated by radioimmunoprecipitation. When the three vaccinated monkeys and two unvaccinated control monkeys were challenged all five became severely ill and died. Prior to death a secondary, high-titer antibody response to Lassa virus was observed in the three vaccinated monkeys, whereas the two unvaccinated monkeys developed a primary, low-titer antibody response. Though titers of Lassa virus in serum reached peak levels earlier following challenge in the non vaccinated, at the time of death serum and organ virus titers did not differ significantly. Changes in platelet aggregation, leukocyte counts, and liver enzymes, abnormalities of which have been associated with severity of Lassa fever, were found to be comparable in the two groups. The humoral antibody response measured in these animals following vaccination, although of the same magnitude as found in humans recovered from Lassa fever, was insufficient to protect the animals from this fatal disease. Evidence is now accumulating that the cell-mediated immune response must be activated in order to protect against challenge with arenaviruses. RP MCCORMICK, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MS F 12,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890370102 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HM688 UT WOS:A1992HM68800001 PM 1619397 ER PT J AU VODKIN, MH HOWE, DK VISVESVARA, GS MCLAUGHLIN, GL AF VODKIN, MH HOWE, DK VISVESVARA, GS MCLAUGHLIN, GL TI IDENTIFICATION OF ACANTHAMOEBA AT THE GENERIC AND SPECIFIC LEVELS USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMEBA; NAEGLERIA; HUMAN PATHOGEN; REPETITIVE DNA; RIBOSOMAL DNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; SEQUENCES; POLYMORPHISMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CASTELLANII; MARKERS AB We have adapted the polymerase chain reaction to identify strains of Acanthamoeba. Using computer-assisted analysis, primers were designed from an anonymous repetitive sequence and from published sequences of 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes of A. castellanii. Amplification of a short ribosomal DNA target (272 base pairs) at restrictive annealing conditions (> 50-degrees-C) resulted in a single band that was unique for the genus and distinguished Acanthamoeba from Naegleria. This assay functioned with fresh and formalin-fixed cells as starting material. Amplification of longer targets (400-700 base pairs) at less restrictive annealing conditions (< 47-degrees-C) led to more than one band. This multiple banding pattern could reproducibly classify Acanthamoeba at the strain level and was, in certain cases, diagnostic for known pathogenic strains. However, these assays need to be further refined to make them relevant for clinical purposes. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EYO8205] NR 25 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 39 IS 3 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01467.x PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HW631 UT WOS:A1992HW63100003 PM 1640385 ER PT J AU MACERA, CA SUN, RKP YEAGER, KK BRANDES, DA AF MACERA, CA SUN, RKP YEAGER, KK BRANDES, DA TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF DEATH CERTIFICATE DIAGNOSES FOR DEMENTING ILLNESSES, 1988-1990 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Objective: To evaluate the extent to which mortality data, which is often used to track secular trends for specific diseases, underestimates the prevalence of dementia. Design: Retrospective analysis of existing data. Setting: Department of Mental Health inpatient facilities in South Carolina. Subjects: Inpatients at Department of Mental Health facilities who were listed in the South Carolina Statewide Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Registry and who died between 1988 and 1990 (n = 450). Main Outcome Measures: Sensitivity and specificity of dementia diagnoses on death certificates compared to medical record diagnoses for inpatients with a pre-mortem dementia diagnosis. Results: Twenty-three percent of death certificates contained any dementia diagnosis (104/450). The sensitivity of death certificates varied by type of dementia (28 percent for Alzheimer's disease; 8 percent for multi-infarct dementia) as well as by race, sex, and age. Conclusions: Mortality statistics substantially underestimate the prevalence of dementing illnesses and do not fully represent the public health burden of dementia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MACERA, CA (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 12 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 479 EP 481 PG 3 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA HT856 UT WOS:A1992HT85600009 PM 1634701 ER PT J AU FEKADU, M SUMNER, JW SHADDOCK, JH SANDERLIN, DW BAER, GM AF FEKADU, M SUMNER, JW SHADDOCK, JH SANDERLIN, DW BAER, GM TI SICKNESS AND RECOVERY OF DOGS CHALLENGED WITH A STREET RABIES VIRUS AFTER VACCINATION WITH A VACCINIA VIRUS RECOMBINANT EXPRESSING RABIES VIRUS N-PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; SUBUNIT VACCINES; HEPATITIS-B; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTION; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; RACCOONS; EXPOSURE AB Dogs were vaccinated intradermally with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (G protein) or nucleoprotein (N protein) or a combination of both proteins. The dogs vaccinated with either the G or G plus N proteins developed virus-neutralizing antibody titers, whereas those vaccinated with only the N protein did not. All dogs were then challenged with a lethal dose of a street rabies virus, which killed all control dogs. Dogs vaccinated with the G or G plus N proteins were protected. Five (71%) of seven dogs vaccinated with the N protein sickened, with incubation periods 3 to 7 days shorter than that of the control dogs; however, three (60%) of the five rabid dogs recovered without supportive treatment. Thus, five (71%) of seven vaccinated with the rabies N protein were protected against a street rabies challenge. Our data indicate that rabies virus N protein may be involved in reducing the incubation period in dogs primed with rabies virus N protein and then challenged with a street rabies virus and, of more importance, in subsequent sickness and recovery. RP FEKADU, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 66 IS 5 BP 2601 EP 2604 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA HP817 UT WOS:A1992HP81700001 PM 1560518 ER PT J AU ELLENBERGER, DL PIENIAZEK, NJ MIAN, IS EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ AF ELLENBERGER, DL PIENIAZEK, NJ MIAN, IS EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI S15 RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note DE FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; BRUGIA-PAHANGI; RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S15; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID ARCHAEBACTERIUM HALOBACTERIUM-MARISMORTUI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; GENE ORGANIZATION; DNA; RNA; S6 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SINSHEIMER LAB,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-17129]; PHS HHS [Y02-00007.01, Y02-00005.01] NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 52 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90043-J PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA HR598 UT WOS:A1992HR59800013 PM 1625701 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L AF SLUTSKER, L TI RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH COCAINE USE DURING PREGNANCY SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MATERNAL COCAINE; PERINATAL COCAINE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; PRENATAL-CARE; HAIR ANALYSIS; EXPOSURE; DRUG; PREVALENCE; INFANTS; WOMEN AB Prenatal cocaine use has become an increasingly important public health problem in the last decade. Interpretation of epidemiologic studies designed to assess the association between cocaine use and adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited by inaccurate measurement of cocaine use, misclassification of users as non-users, confounding by socioeconomic factors, and reporting bias. Studies have consistently documented placental abruption as a maternal reproductive risk associated with cocaine use. Although suggested, less evidence is available to link cocaine use with premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, pregnancy-induced hypertension, precipitate delivery, or fetal death. Infant outcomes consistently associated with prenatal cocaine use include decreased birth weight, prematurity, and decreased fetal growth. Data on the relationship between prenatal cocaine use and congenital anomalies are limited, but one large retrospective study has documented an association between maternal cocaine use and congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. Evidence linking prenatal cocaine use and an increased incidence of perinatal cerebral infarction or sudden infant death syndrome is lacking. Future studies should focus on the effect of maternal cocaine use on pregnancy outcome in diverse socioeconomic groups, longitudinal follow-up of exposed children, and the relationship between cocaine use and maternal behaviors that may affect access to prenatal care. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 61 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 79 IS 5 BP 778 EP 789 PN 1 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA HQ290 UT WOS:A1992HQ29000030 PM 1565365 ER PT J AU GORDON, SL CORBIN, SB AF GORDON, SL CORBIN, SB TI SUMMARY OF WORKSHOP ON DRINKING-WATER FLUORIDE INFLUENCE ON HIP FRACTURE ON BONE HEALTH - (NATIONAL-INSTITUTES-OF-HEALTH, 10 APRIL, 1991) SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SODIUM-FLUORIDE; OSTEOPOROSIS; WOMEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GORDON, SL (reprint author), NIAMSD,MUSCULOSKELETAL DIS BRANCH,WESTWOOD BLDG,ROOM 407,5333 WESTBARD AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 3DJ SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF01623816 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HR558 UT WOS:A1992HR55800001 PM 1627897 ER PT J AU FRIEDLAND, LR RAPHAEL, SA DEUTSCH, ES JOHAL, J MARTYN, LJ VISVESVARA, GS LISCHNER, HW AF FRIEDLAND, LR RAPHAEL, SA DEUTSCH, ES JOHAL, J MARTYN, LJ VISVESVARA, GS LISCHNER, HW TI DISSEMINATED ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION IN A CHILD WITH SYMPTOMATIC HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION; CHILD ID MENINGOENCEPHALITIS C1 ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,DEPT PEDIAT,EMERGENCY MED SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,DEPT PEDIAT,IMMUNOL & RHEUMATOL SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,DEPT SURG,OTORHINOLARYNGOL SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,DEPT SURG,OPHTHALMOL SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,DEPT PATHOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. TEMPLE UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 11 IS 5 BP 404 EP 407 DI 10.1097/00006454-199205000-00012 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA HU657 UT WOS:A1992HU65700013 PM 1630862 ER PT J AU GATTI, JE BRYANT, CJ NOONE, RB MURPHY, JB AF GATTI, JE BRYANT, CJ NOONE, RB MURPHY, JB TI THE MUTAGENICITY OF ELECTROCAUTERY SMOKE SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Careful analysis of electrocautery smoke produced during breast surgery has found organic compounds that are unidentifiable with current analytical techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential mutagenicity of the smoke produced by the electrocautery knife during reduction mammaplasty. Multiple air samples were collected in the operating room during two reduction mammaplasty procedures. Airborne smoke particles were tested for mutagenic potential in both tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100) using the standard Salmonella microsomal test (Ames test). All testing was performed by the Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. The smoke produced with the electrocautery knife during reduction mammaplasty was found to be mutagenic to the TA98 strain. The Ames test, an established technique for evaluating the mutagenicity of a substance, was convincingly positive for the smoke collected during the breast surgery. Whether the smoke represents a serious health risk to operating room personnel is not known. Development of techniques to limit electrocautery smoke exposure in the operating room appears to be needed, and surgeons should attempt to minimize their exposure. C1 BRYN MAWR HOSP,W JERSEY HLTH SYST,DIV PLAST SURG,BRYN MAWR,PA. NIOSH,DIV PLAST SURG,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 6 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 89 IS 5 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1097/00006534-199205000-00001 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA HQ718 UT WOS:A1992HQ71800001 PM 1561248 ER PT J AU KAUR, M HYAMS, KC PURDY, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K CHING, WM FRY, KE REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW CARL, M AF KAUR, M HYAMS, KC PURDY, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K CHING, WM FRY, KE REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW CARL, M TI HUMAN LINEAR B-CELL EPITOPES ENCODED BY THE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS INCLUDE DETERMINANTS IN THE RNA-DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; B-CELL EPITOPES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; RECOVERY AB Hepatitis E virus is responsible for both sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries. The nonenveloped virus is 27-34 nm in diameter and has been shown to contain a single-strand, positive-sense, polyadenylylated RNA genome of almost-equal-to 7.5 kilobases. The nucleotide sequence of the Burma strain of hepatitis E virus has been reported and three open reading frames (ORFs) have been identified. The deduced amino acid sequence from each of these ORFs was used to synthesize overlapping peptides (decamers overlapping at every fourth amino acid) on a solid phase. These peptides were then tested in an ELISA with pooled acute-phase sera from known cases of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis collected in the Sudan. Linear B-cell epitopes were identified in all three ORFs. Epitopes were identified throughout the polyprotein encoded by ORF1, but they appeared to be particularly concentrated in the region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Distinct epitopes were identified in the presumed structural protein encoded by ORF2, and one epitope was identified close to the carboxyl terminus of the protein encoded by ORF3. These data precisely pinpoint linear B-cell epitopes recognized by antibodies from patients with acute hepatitis E and identify an antibody response directed against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. C1 USN,MED RES INST,ACCELERATED PROD DEV & INFECT DIS THREAT ASSESSMENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 9 BP 3855 EP 3858 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3855 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HR853 UT WOS:A1992HR85300038 PM 1373890 ER PT J AU NAGASHUNMUGAM, T VELPANDI, A GOLDSMITH, CS ZAKI, SR KALYANARAMAN, VS SRINIVASAN, A AF NAGASHUNMUGAM, T VELPANDI, A GOLDSMITH, CS ZAKI, SR KALYANARAMAN, VS SRINIVASAN, A TI MUTATION IN THE PRIMER BINDING-SITE OF THE TYPE-1 HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS GENOME AFFECTS VIRUS PRODUCTION AND INFECTIVITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; TRANSFER-RNA; RETROVIRUS; EXPRESSION; AIDS; DNA; RECOMBINATION; REPLICATION AB In an effort to understand the contribution of the primer-binding site (PBS) region to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, we have constructed a mutant HIV proviral DNA with an alteration in the 5' end of the PBS. The PBS mutant proviral DNA was characterized by transfection of the viral DNA into CD4+ and non-CD4+ target cells. The results indicate that mutation in the PBS reduced the level of viral particles released into the medium of transfected cells in comparison to wild-type proviral DNA. The viral particles were noninfectious upon transmission to established CD4+ cell lines and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Electron microscopic analysis of the transfected cells revealed no abnormalities in the structure of the virion directed by the mutant proviral DNA. Also, the protein and RNA contents of the mutant virions were similar to the wild type. The quantitation of intracellular viral structural protein in the transfected cells, however, indicated that the PBS mutation may have an effect on the assembly of viral particles in addition to completely abolishing reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA. These results provide evidence that the PBS region of the viral genome has multiple functions in HIV-1 replication. C1 WISTAR INST,3601 SPRUCE ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ADV BIOSCI LABS INC,KENSINGTON,MD 20805. OI Ayyavoo, Velpandi/0000-0002-9043-0885 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI29306, AI25380] NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 9 BP 4114 EP 4118 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.9.4114 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HR853 UT WOS:A1992HR85300092 PM 1373895 ER PT J AU WOODS, DR MASON, DD AF WOODS, DR MASON, DD TI 6 AREAS LEAD NATIONAL EARLY IMMUNIZATION DRIVE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB On June 13, 1991, President George Bush announced in a White House ceremony a local planning effort to break down barriers and provide better access to immunization in six representative localities "to solve the problem of late immunization." (children need to be immunized appropriately by their second birthday, not just in time for school). The community "Immunization Action Plans" (IAP) are one of several Federal, State, and local responses to an outbreak of measles that produced 27,600 cases and 89 deaths in 1990. The community effort and subsequent early childhood immunization plans around the country are also part of a much broader effort initiated by Secretary Sullivan as a Healthy People Year 2000 goal to increase immunization levels to at least 90 percent for the nation's children by their second birthday. These efforts also respond to 13 recommendations for improving immunization availability made by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee in January 1991. The recommendations focused on improvements in the management of immunization delivery and in methods for measuring immunization status, increasing appropriate consumer demand, and other prevention needs. Although measles prompted the action, the immunization initiative is aimed also at eight other communicable childhood diseases-diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis or whooping cough, poliomyelitis, mumps, rubella, and Haemophilus influenza type b that causes bacterial meningitis, and hepatitis B. Details are described of the immunization action plans developed by Dallas, TX; Maricopa County (Phoenix), AZ; South Dakota; Detroit, MI; San Diego, CA; and Philadelphia, PA, to ensure that children are fully immunized not just by the time they enter school but by age 2 years. The six were chosen by the Centers for Disease Control as representative of many without adequate childhood immunization coverage. RP WOODS, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,MAIL STOP E05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 107 IS 3 BP 252 EP 256 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HX556 UT WOS:A1992HX55600003 PM 1594733 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR AF HORSBURGH, CR TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES IN AIDS SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TUBERCULOSIS; SEROVARS C1 EMORY UNIV,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 143 IS 4 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90048-S PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HW941 UT WOS:A1992HW94100004 PM 1455063 ER PT J AU PERTOWSKI, CA RUTHERFORD, GW AF PERTOWSKI, CA RUTHERFORD, GW TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AND THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HTLV-III/LAV INFECTION; NEW-YORK-CITY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; CELLULAR IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIV SEROPREVALENCE C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,INFECT DIS BRANCH,2151 BERKELEY WAY,ROOM 703,BERKELEY,CA 94707. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 111 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 12 IS 2 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1007383 PG 13 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA JE346 UT WOS:A1992JE34600003 PM 1636116 ER PT J AU EICEMAN, GA GARCIAGONZALEZ, L WANG, YF PITTMAN, B BURROUGHS, GE AF EICEMAN, GA GARCIAGONZALEZ, L WANG, YF PITTMAN, B BURROUGHS, GE TI ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY AS FLOW-INJECTION DETECTOR AND CONTINUOUS-FLOW MONITOR FOR ANILINE IN HEXANE AND WATER SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOXICITY; AIR AB Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was used as a flow-injection detector to quantitatively examine the ionization chemistry of aniline in hexane. A 5-mu-l sample was vaporized at 15-90-sec intervals in a flowing air stream and analyzed with an IMS equipped with acetone reactant ion chemistry, ambient temperature drift tube and membrane-based inlet. Precision was 3-11% relative standard deviation for 1-100 ppm aniline in hexane with 90-sec injection intervals and detection limits were ca. 0.5 ppm with 5-mu-l injections. Matrix effects with amine and organic solvent mixtures were observed and corrected for low and medium proton affinity interferences with standard addition methods. Pronounced fouling of the IMS occurred when a continuous water flow was introduced for aqueous flow injection-IMS. Continuous water monitoring without degraded IMS performance was possible by sampling air flow through a Silastic tube immersed in an aqueous sample. C1 NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP EICEMAN, GA (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY PY 1992 VL 39 IS 5 BP 459 EP 467 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(92)80165-A PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HN286 UT WOS:A1992HN28600001 PM 18965401 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML HIGHTOWER, AW MCNEELEY, DF LAMMIE, PJ AF EBERHARD, ML HIGHTOWER, AW MCNEELEY, DF LAMMIE, PJ TI LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION OF MICROFILAREMIA FOLLOWING IVERMECTIN TREATMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; FILARIASIS AB Lymphatic filariasis has been difficult to control until recently because of the lack of a suitable drug for treatment. Ivermectin has proven safe and effective at reducing levels of circulating microfilariae. However, the apparent need to administer the drug every 6 to 9 months to keep microfilaraemia levels sufficiently suppressed to reduce transmission has been a major drawback to using ivermectin in community-based intervention programmes. In a study conducted in Haiti, we have found that high doses of ivermectin suppress microfilaraemia levels for 2 years. Our findings suggest that a single dose of ivermectin can reduce transmission of lymphatic filariasis for extended periods of time, thus eliminating the need for costly biannual treatment. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP F13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005-01] NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 86 IS 3 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90312-Z PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JD304 UT WOS:A1992JD30400022 PM 1412655 ER PT J AU SANCHEZ, JL CANDLER, WH FISHBEIN, DB GREENE, CR COTE, TR KELLY, DJ DRIGGERS, DP JOHNSON, BJB AF SANCHEZ, JL CANDLER, WH FISHBEIN, DB GREENE, CR COTE, TR KELLY, DJ DRIGGERS, DP JOHNSON, BJB TI A CLUSTER OF TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS - ASSOCIATION WITH MILITARY TRAINING AND ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS DUE TO RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LYME-DISEASE; EHRLICHIOSIS AB During the spring of 1989, 86 members of a military unit from the state of Maryland, USA, participated in two-week-long training manoeuvres in the states of Arkansas (location FC) and Virginia (location FAPD). Acute febrile illnesses due to infections with two tick-borne pathogens, Rickettsia rickettsii and Ehrlichia sp., were confirmed serologically in 2 initial cases who were admitted to the hospital. A seroepidemiological investigation among unit members found an additional 17 of 109 individuals (16%) with elevated post-exposure indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) titres to R. rickettsii (16 cases) and/or E. canis (2 cases). The seropositivity rate of personnel who trained at FC was 38% (15 of 40), compared to only 13% (4 of 31) and 8% (3 of 38) of personnel who trained at FAPH or who did not train in the field, respectively (P<0.001). Seropositivity was associated with symptoms suggestive of a tick-borne illness. Only 4 (22%) and 6 (33%) of the 18 personnel seropositive for R. rickettsii reported an erythematous or petechial type of rash or a febrile illness, respectively, within 4 weeks of exposure; 5 of 18 (28%) personnel infected with R. rickettsii reported no symptoms and only 8 of 18 (44%) received medical treatment. Mild infections with R. rickettsii, or a closely related spotted fever group agent, may have accounted for the high infection rate experienced by this group. C1 MARYLAND STATE HLTH DEPT,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USN,MED RES INST,RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889. OFF ARMY SURGEON GEN,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22041. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SANCHEZ, JL (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV PREVENT MED,DEPT FIELD STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 1992 VL 86 IS 3 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90330-F PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JD304 UT WOS:A1992JD30400036 PM 1412666 ER PT J AU ROTA, JS HUMMEL, KB ROTA, PA BELLINI, WJ AF ROTA, JS HUMMEL, KB ROTA, PA BELLINI, WJ TI GENETIC-VARIABILITY OF THE GLYCOPROTEIN GENES OF CURRENT WILD-TYPE MEASLES ISOLATES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRUS HEMAGGLUTININ; RINDERPEST VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; F-PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUSES; ACID; CLONING RP ROTA, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 159 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1992 VL 188 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90742-8 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA HN251 UT WOS:A1992HN25100014 PM 1566568 ER PT J AU LINDBLAD, P ZACK, M ADAMI, HO ERICSON, A AF LINDBLAD, P ZACK, M ADAMI, HO ERICSON, A TI MATERNAL AND PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS FOR WILMS-TUMOR - A NATIONWIDE NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN SWEDEN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD-CANCER; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ANESTHETICS; OCCUPATION; CHILDREN; FATHERS AB This report describes maternal and perinatal risk factors for Wilms' tumor analyzed in a case-control study nested in a nationwide cohort in Sweden. The Swedish National Cancer Registry ascertained 110 cases from among successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1984, identified by the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, the latter based on medical records. From the Birth Registry, we matched 5 controls without cancer to each case by sex and date of birth. Wilms'-tumor children were more likely to have mothers who had been exposed to penthrane (methoxyflurane) anesthesia during delivery than mothers of controls (odds ratio (OR) = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 5.1); this excess risk was higher in females than males and increased with age at diagnosis. Wilms'tumor cases were also more likely to have had physiologic jaundice (OR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0). Higher parity of the mother decreased the risk of Wilms' tumor among females (OR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0). We were unable to confirm the reported increased risks of Wilms' tumor for those with high birth weights or with a maternal history of hypertension or fluid retention during pregnancy, nor did we find any association with mother's age at delivery, previous stillbirth, previous live birth, gestational length or height of the child. C1 UNIV HOSP,CANC EPIDEMIOL,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NATL BOARD HLTH & WELF,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT UROL,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD APR 22 PY 1992 VL 51 IS 1 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910510108 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HQ417 UT WOS:A1992HQ41700007 PM 1314230 ER PT J AU CONSORTE, A DIPAOLO, G IANNETTI, AR TORO, GM VEDOVELLI, C CURIA, LR PORCARO, A MOLESE, F NASTI, G CORRADI, MP DEGIORGI, S GRECI, M MANZONI, N ACCURSO, V BRUSAFERRO, S TOMINZ, R AGRESTI, MG ALLIEGRO, B GABBUTI, A MONTIROLI, PM NAPOLI, P GALLO, P SAITTO, C SCUDERI, G SULIGOI, B MATTEELLI, A AMICO, S AQUILINO, ED VASSALLO, L LAZZERI, V MELI, M VIRGONE, E DELLEFOGLIE, P SAPORI, L MORO, G TOZZI, AE SALMASO, S GIANZI, FP BERTINATO, L AF CONSORTE, A DIPAOLO, G IANNETTI, AR TORO, GM VEDOVELLI, C CURIA, LR PORCARO, A MOLESE, F NASTI, G CORRADI, MP DEGIORGI, S GRECI, M MANZONI, N ACCURSO, V BRUSAFERRO, S TOMINZ, R AGRESTI, MG ALLIEGRO, B GABBUTI, A MONTIROLI, PM NAPOLI, P GALLO, P SAITTO, C SCUDERI, G SULIGOI, B MATTEELLI, A AMICO, S AQUILINO, ED VASSALLO, L LAZZERI, V MELI, M VIRGONE, E DELLEFOGLIE, P SAPORI, L MORO, G TOZZI, AE SALMASO, S GIANZI, FP BERTINATO, L TI ATTITUDES OF PARENTS OF HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS ABOUT AIDS, DRUG, AND SEX-EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS - ROME, ITALY, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 201-203, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD PROGRAM,INT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CONSORTE, A (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,ROME,ITALY. RI Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio/F-9494-2012; Matteelli, Alberto/M-8784-2015; GALLO, PIETRO/C-7719-2016; SULIGOI, BARBARA/C-6494-2016 OI Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio/0000-0002-6884-984X; Matteelli, Alberto/0000-0001-5109-9248; GALLO, PIETRO/0000-0002-9256-1088; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 22 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 16 BP 2160 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HN841 UT WOS:A1992HN84100005 ER PT J AU GRACIA, F CASTILLO, L ARMIEN, B GIUSTI, RM LEVINE, PH BLATTNER, WA AF GRACIA, F CASTILLO, L ARMIEN, B GIUSTI, RM LEVINE, PH BLATTNER, WA TI HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II AMONG GUAYMI INDIANS - PANAMA (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 209-211, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GRACIA, F (reprint author), NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 22 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 16 BP 2163 EP 2164 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HN841 UT WOS:A1992HN84100006 ER PT J AU CALVERT, GM HORNUNG, RW SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE AF CALVERT, GM HORNUNG, RW SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE TI HEPATIC AND GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS IN AN OCCUPATIONAL COHORT EXPOSED TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GLUCARIC ACID EXCRETION; HUMAN HEALTH; P-DIOXIN; SEVESO; TCDD; WORKERS; CHILDREN; AREA AB Objective. - To examine the effect of occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) on the liver and gastrointestinal system. Design. - A medical survey. Participants. - The exposed participants were employed at two chemical plants more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The reference group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and who lived within the communities of the workers. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated in the medical study. Measurements and Main Results. - The workers had substantial exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD, as evidenced by a mean serum TCDD level, lipid adjusted, of 220 pg per gram of lipid compared with a mean of 7 pg per gram of lipid in the referents. Compared with the unexposed reference group, workers had a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 4.39 [unadjusted for confounders]). In multivariate analyses run with logistic regression, a statistically significant interaction was found between TCDD exposure and lifetime alcohol consumption, indicating that the elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT was confined to those workers with a history of alcohol consumption and that the risk among the alcohol-consuming workers for an out-of-range GGT increased with increasing TCDD level. No difference was found between workers and referents for any of the other liver and gastrointestinal outcomes of interest. Conclusions. - This study found no evidence of an elevated risk for clinical hepatic or gastrointestinal disease in a group of workers with high exposure to TCDD. However, TCDD-exposed workers with a history of sufficient alcohol consumption were found to have a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT compared with referents. RP CALVERT, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,INDUSTRWIDE,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 22 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 16 BP 2209 EP 2214 DI 10.1001/jama.267.16.2209 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HN841 UT WOS:A1992HN84100031 PM 1348289 ER PT J AU EAKER, ED PINSKY, J CASTELLI, WP AF EAKER, ED PINSKY, J CASTELLI, WP TI MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AND CORONARY DEATH AMONG WOMEN - PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS FROM A 20-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF WOMEN IN THE FRAMINGHAM-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; CORONARY DISEASE; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIOLOGY; WOMEN ID HEART-DISEASE; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB This study investigates the relation of psychosocial variables to the 20-year incidence of myocardial infarction or coronary death among women in the Framingham Study. In 1965-1967, a psychosocial interview was given along with the collection of other coronary risk factor data. This study includes 749 women aged 45-64 years who were free of coronary disease at this baseline examination. Demographic variables, psychosocial scales (such as tension and reactions of anger), and individual interview items (such as attitudes toward children, money, and religion) were measured. When age, systolic blood pressure, the ratio of serum total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, cigarette smoking, and body mass index were controlled for in multivariate proportional hazards models, the predictors of the 20-year incidence of myocardial infarction or coronary death were as follows: among employed women, perceived financial status only; among homemakers, symptoms of tension and anxiety, being lonely during the day, difficulty falling asleep, infrequent vacations, housework affecting health, and believing one is prone to heart disease (p < 0.05 for all variables); and among both groups of women combined, low educational level, tension, and lack of vacations. These results are discussed in relation to previous findings from the Framingham Study. C1 NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP EAKER, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 228 Z9 230 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 8 BP 854 EP 864 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HY448 UT WOS:A1992HY44800003 PM 1585898 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, JD VANLOON, FFPL RAO, M SACK, DA AHMED, F CHAKRABORTY, J KHAN, MR YUNUS, M HARRIS, JR SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J AF CLEMENS, JD VANLOON, FFPL RAO, M SACK, DA AHMED, F CHAKRABORTY, J KHAN, MR YUNUS, M HARRIS, JR SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J TI NONPARTICIPATION AS A DETERMINANT OF ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN A FIELD TRIAL OF ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHOLERA; CLINICAL TRIALS; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; VACCINES ID BANGLADESH; EFFICACY AB The authors estimated the incidence rates of cholera and death between 1985 and 1988 for 32,642 age- and sex-eligible persons who did not participate in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of killed oral cholera vaccines in rural Bangladesh. As compared with 20,744 placebo recipients, the relative risk of cholera for all nonparticipants, adjusted for potentially confounding demographic variables, was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.41); this adjusted relative risk reflected elevated adjusted relative risks in nonparticipants who were medically ineligible (RR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.22-2.22) or refused to participate (RR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.01-1.41), but not in persons absent at the time of vaccination (RR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.78-1.28). The adjusted relative risk of death was also elevated in nonparticipants as compared with placebo recipients (RR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.10-1.48), with the same pattern of adjusted relative risks for different categories of nonparticipants: for ineligible subjects, 2.64 (95% CI 2.12-3.29); for refusers, 1.20 (95% CI 1.02-1.41); and for absentees, 0.95 (95% CI 0.75-1.22). The authors concluded that nonparticipation was associated with clinically cogent adverse health outcomes, but that the magnitude of these associations varied according to the reason for nonparticipation. These findings underscore the caution required in assessing vaccine efficacy with controls who are not vaccinated because of choices made by patients or vaccinators. C1 NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. INT CTR DIARRHOEL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 8 BP 865 EP 874 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HY448 UT WOS:A1992HY44800004 PM 1585899 ER PT J AU DIAZ, F GARCIA, HH GILMAN, RH GONZALES, AE CASTRO, M TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB VASQUEZ, LE LESCANO, M CARCAMO, C MADICO, G MIRANDA, E AF DIAZ, F GARCIA, HH GILMAN, RH GONZALES, AE CASTRO, M TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB VASQUEZ, LE LESCANO, M CARCAMO, C MADICO, G MIRANDA, E TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TAENIASIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN A PERUVIAN VILLAGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYSTICERCOSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; IMMUNOBLOTTING; SWINE; TAENIA; TOILET FACILITIES; TRANSFER BLOT ID ANTIGENS; SOLIUM AB To determine the prevalence of cysticercosis in a rural area where the disease is endemic, the authors studied the seroepidemiology of human and porcine cysticercosis in a Peruvian jungle community (Maceda, Peru) in 1988 using an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Of the 371 sampled inhabitants, 30 (8%) were seropositive, most of whom were asymptomatic. After niclosamide therapy, four Taenia species worms were identified in the seropositive group, compared with one in the control group (p = 0.06). Pigs were frequently infected: 44 of 133 (33%) were found positive for Taenia by tongue examination and 57 of 133 (43%) were positive by EITB. In 69% of the sampled households that had pigs, there was at least one seropositive pig. The number of pigs diagnosed positive by the tongue examination was significantly greater in households that had latrines than in those that did not. Cysticercosis is a common but usually asymptomatic infection that affects both humans and pigs in the high jungle areas of Peru. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT PARASITOL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,FAC MED VET,LIMA,PERU. INST MED TROP SAN MARTIN,TARAPOTO,PERU. FU Wellcome Trust [057434] NR 25 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 8 BP 875 EP 882 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HY448 UT WOS:A1992HY44800005 PM 1585900 ER PT J AU FLANDERS, WD LIN, L PIRKLE, JL CAUDILL, SP AF FLANDERS, WD LIN, L PIRKLE, JL CAUDILL, SP TI ASSESSING THE DIRECTION OF CAUSALITY IN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAUSALITY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; PUBLIC HEALTH; OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ID HUMAN-SERUM; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; WEIGHT; DIOXIN AB Interpretation of observational studies is difficult, particularly in cross-sectional studies, because the direction of cause and effect may be difficult to assess: Did the "outcome" affect the measured exposure level, or did the exposure affect the outcome? In this paper, the authors describe a pattern, the "checkmark pattern," which can arise in cross-sectional studies. This pattern is characterized by higher levels of the outcome in an unexposed comparison group than in some subgroups of the exposed. The pattern, if seen in certain types of observational studies, suggests that the "outcome" variable may have affected the measured exposure level. Recognition of the pattern may help the epidemiologist to decipher the causal sequence. Two examples illustrate the issues involved. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FLANDERS, WD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 8 BP 926 EP 935 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HY448 UT WOS:A1992HY44800010 PM 1585905 ER PT J AU SVITLIK, C CARTTER, M MCCARTER, Y HADLER, JL GOELLER, D GROVES, C DWYER, D TILGHMAN, D ISRAEL, E HOUSENECHT, R YEAGER, S TAVRIS, DR AF SVITLIK, C CARTTER, M MCCARTER, Y HADLER, JL GOELLER, D GROVES, C DWYER, D TILGHMAN, D ISRAEL, E HOUSENECHT, R YEAGER, S TAVRIS, DR TI SALMONELLA-HADAR ASSOCIATED WITH PET DUCKLINGS - CONNECTICUT, MARYLAND, AND PENNSYLVANIA, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 185-187, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP SVITLIK, C (reprint author), WATERBURY HLTH DEPT LAB,WATERBURY,CT, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 2011 EP 2011 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HM650 UT WOS:A1992HM65000004 ER PT J AU WEMMER, M MEYERS, Z BORGER, C TOSH, T KONIGSBERG, C TAYLOR, D WOOD, C AF WEMMER, M MEYERS, Z BORGER, C TOSH, T KONIGSBERG, C TAYLOR, D WOOD, C TI TORNADO DISASTER KANSAS, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 181-183, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,TOPEKA,KS. RP WEMMER, M (reprint author), AMER RED CROSS,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 2012 EP 2013 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HM650 UT WOS:A1992HM65000006 ER PT J AU RAEMISCH, RF LISTUG, DL NORWICK, JM BLACK, J LOVELAND, R KRAUSE, H ANDERSON, HA REMINGTON, P AF RAEMISCH, RF LISTUG, DL NORWICK, JM BLACK, J LOVELAND, R KRAUSE, H ANDERSON, HA REMINGTON, P TI CIGARETTE-SMOKING BANS IN COUNTY JAILS (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 101-103, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 2013 EP 2014 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HM650 UT WOS:A1992HM65000007 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A DEAVER, KA WENGER, JD PLIKAYTIS, BD MASCOLA, L PINNER, RW REINGOLD, AL BROOME, CV AF SCHUCHAT, A DEAVER, KA WENGER, JD PLIKAYTIS, BD MASCOLA, L PINNER, RW REINGOLD, AL BROOME, CV TI ROLE OF FOODS IN SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS .1. CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF DIETARY RISK-FACTORS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Objective. - To identify dietary risk factors for sporadic listeriosis. Design. - Case-control study with blinded telephone interviews. Setting. - Multistate population of 18 million persons, November 1988 through December 1990. Participants. - One hundred sixty-five patients with culture-confirmed listeriosis and 376 control subjects matched for age, health care provider, and immunosuppressive condition. Results. - The annual incidence of invasive listeriosis was 7.4 cases per million population; 23% of the infections were fatal. Cases were more likely than matched controls to have eaten soft cheeses (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.4 to 4.8; P = .002) or food purchased from store delicatessen counters (OR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 1.0 to 2.5; P = .04); 32% of sporadic disease could be attributed to eating these foods. Sixty-nine percent of cases in men and nonpregnant women occurred in cancer patients, persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, organ transplant recipients, or those receiving corticosteroid therapy. Among these immunosuppressed patients, eating undercooked chicken also increased the risk of listeriosis (OR, 3.3; 95% Cl, 1.2 to 9.2; P = .02). Conclusions. - Foodborne transmission may account for a substantial portion of sporadic listeriosis. Prevention efforts should include dietary counseling of high-risk patients and continued monitoring of food production. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT BIOMED & ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-88-2456] NR 22 TC 238 Z9 241 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 2041 EP 2045 DI 10.1001/jama.267.15.2041 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HM650 UT WOS:A1992HM65000028 PM 1552639 ER PT J AU PINNER, RW SCHUCHAT, A SWAMINATHAN, B HAYES, PS DEAVER, KA WEAVER, RE PLIKAYTIS, BD REEVES, M BROOME, CV WENGER, JD AF PINNER, RW SCHUCHAT, A SWAMINATHAN, B HAYES, PS DEAVER, KA WEAVER, RE PLIKAYTIS, BD REEVES, M BROOME, CV WENGER, JD TI ROLE OF FOODS IN SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS .2. MICROBIOLOGIC AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; MONOCYTOGENES; MEDIA; MILK AB Objective. - To evaluate the role of foods in sporadic listeriosis. Design. - Microbiologic survey of foods collected from refrigerators of patients with listeriosis identified through active laboratory-based surveillance. Patient and food Listeria monocytogenes isolates were subtyped to identify foods contaminated with the same strain of L monocytogenes that caused illness in the patient; samples of these foods were obtained from the retail source. Setting. - Multistate population-based study conducted between 1988 and 1990. Results. - Listeria monocytogenes grew from at least one food specimen in the refrigerators of 79 (64%) of 1 23 listeriosis patients; 11 % of more than 2000 food specimens collected in the study contained L monocytogenes. Twenty-six (33%) of 79 refrigerators with foods that grew L monocytogenes contained at least one food isolate of the same strain as that in the corresponding patient, a frequency much higher than would be expected by chance (P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that of the food specimens that grew L monocytogenes, foods that were ready-to-eat, foods that grew L monocytogenes by a direct-plating method (a measure of the level of contamination), and foods that contained serotype 4b isolates were independently associated with an increased likelihood of containing the patient-matching strain. Conclusion. - We identified specific food and L monocytogenes isolate characteristics-ready-to-eat foods, foods containing higher concentrations of L monocytogenes, and foods containing serotype 4b-which were associated with disease-causing strains. These results can provide guidance to industry and regulatory agencies in developing strategies to prevent listeriosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PINNER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-88-2456] NR 21 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 2046 EP 2050 DI 10.1001/jama.267.15.2046 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HM650 UT WOS:A1992HM65000029 PM 1552640 ER PT J AU CHING, WM WYCHOWSKI, C BEACH, MJ WANG, H DAVIES, CL CARL, M BRADLEY, DW ALTER, HJ FEINSTONE, SM SHIH, JWK AF CHING, WM WYCHOWSKI, C BEACH, MJ WANG, H DAVIES, CL CARL, M BRADLEY, DW ALTER, HJ FEINSTONE, SM SHIH, JWK TI INTERACTION OF IMMUNE SERA WITH SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES CORRESPONDING TO THE STRUCTURAL PROTEIN REGION OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE EPITOPE SCAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; AMINO-ACID; CHIMPANZEES; SEQUENCE; GENOME; ASSAY AB Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence from the structural region of the Hutchinson strain of hepatitis C virus (HCV-H) with four other HCV isolates clearly divides the five isolates into two groups based on sequence homology. The first group includes HCV-H, HCV-1, and HC-J1, while the second includes HCV-J1 and HC-J4. Among the five isolates the first 190 residues (putative nucleocapsid) are highly conserved whereas residues 196-513 exhibit significant diversity and include a hypervariable region encompassing residues 386-404. A series of overlapping decapeptides were synthesized by solid-phase pin technology according to sequence from HCV-H (amino acids 1-513), HC-J4 (amino acids 181-513), and regions from the three other isolates which exhibited sequence variation. A modified ELISA was used to measure immunoreactivity of sera from clinical posttransfusion cases and experimentally infected chimpanzees. Comparison of pre- and postinfection samples revealed 16 clusters of immunoreactive peptides within the structural region, none of which was found in the hypervariable region. Only one cluster (amino acids 73-89) was recognized by all human and chimpanzee sera. Clear variation in the immune response was observed between individuals, although no obvious difference in reactivity between acute and chronic cases was observed. Within individual profiles, the reactivity to each peptide cluster and the total number of reactive clusters increased over time. C1 NIH,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BLDG 10,ROOM 1C711,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20889. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20760. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 8 BP 3190 EP 3194 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3190 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HP043 UT WOS:A1992HP04300006 PM 1373489 ER PT J AU TONDELLA, MLC MATAR, GM PERKINS, BA AF TONDELLA, MLC MATAR, GM PERKINS, BA TI PCR FOR CONFIRMATION OF BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TONDELLA, MLC (reprint author), ADOLFO LUTZ INST,DIV BACTERIOL,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 11 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8798 BP 936 EP 937 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90983-A PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HN483 UT WOS:A1992HN48300052 PM 1348336 ER PT J AU HERSH, BS MARKOWITZ, LE MAES, EF FUNKHOUSER, AW BAUGHMAN, AL SIROTKIN, BI HADLER, SC AF HERSH, BS MARKOWITZ, LE MAES, EF FUNKHOUSER, AW BAUGHMAN, AL SIROTKIN, BI HADLER, SC TI THE GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION OF MEASLES IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1980 THROUGH 1989 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY VACCINATED POPULATION; RISK-FACTORS; SCHOOL POPULATION; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE; FAILURE; CARE AB Objective. - To describe the geographic distribution of measles cases in the United States by county for the 10-year period from 1980 through 1989. Design. - Ecological analysis of national measles surveillance data. Methods. - Measles cases reported to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from 1980 through 1989 were analyzed. Data from the 1980 and 1990 US censuses were used to produce demographic profiles for each of the 3137 counties. Outcome variables examined included mean annual incidence and number of years reporting measles, with use of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to examine the association between the demographic and the two outcome variables. Results. - A total of 56 775 measles cases were reported during the decade. Of the nation's 3137 counties, 1690 (53.9%) did not report any cases; only 17 (0.5%) reported measles in all 10 years. Counties reporting measles more frequently during the decade had higher median populations, population densities, and percentage of black and Hispanic populations than those counties reporting less frequently. Population size, Population density, and percentage of Hispanic population were associated with number of years reporting measles and mean annual measles incidence rate. Measles cases in counties reporting measles every year predominately occurred in unvaccinated preschoolers; cases in counties reporting less frequently predominately occurred in vaccinated school-aged children. Conclusions. - This analysis illustrates the focal nature of measles in the United States during the past decade. Most counties have not reported a single case of measles during the entire decade, and only 17 counties reported measles every year. Targeted strategies are needed to improve age-appropriate immunization levels among preschool-aged children living in large inner-city areas. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 14 BP 1936 EP 1941 DI 10.1001/jama.267.14.1936 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HL677 UT WOS:A1992HL67700027 PM 1548826 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT ZELL, ER MASON, D BERNIER, RH DINI, EF ORENSTEIN, WA AF CUTTS, FT ZELL, ER MASON, D BERNIER, RH DINI, EF ORENSTEIN, WA TI MONITORING PROGRESS TOWARD UNITED-STATES PRESCHOOL IMMUNIZATION GOALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ERADICATION; CHILDREN AB The United States has achieved over 97% immunization of children by school age and has reduced the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90% since the prevaccination era. However, children often do not receive immunizations at the recommended age, and in densely populated urban areas this delay in immunization has led to epidemics of measles. Correctable deficiencies of the immunization delivery system have been identified in these areas. To respond to needs, the public health infrastructure must be strengthened, and active participation from the private sector must be obtained, both in delivery of immunizations and in assessment of performance. Appropriate action must be stimulated by the provision of timely information on immunization coverage and on indicators of program performance at the local level. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 31 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 8 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 14 BP 1952 EP 1955 DI 10.1001/jama.267.14.1952 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HL677 UT WOS:A1992HL67700030 PM 1548828 ER PT J AU BIRCH, ME AF BIRCH, ME TI A SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR AIRBORNE DIESEL-EXHAUST PARTICLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 37 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101395 ER PT J AU CASSINELLI, ME AF CASSINELLI, ME TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LONG-TERM MONITORING METHOD FOR HYDROGEN-SULFIDE IN AIR WITH DETERMINATION BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 43 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16101401 ER PT J AU WACHSMUTH, IK AF WACHSMUTH, IK TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE TIME OF CHOLERA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 114 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16100113 ER PT J AU HOUK, VN AF HOUK, VN TI ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL RISK - SCIENTIFICALLY DEFENSIBLE OR FANTASY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL F29,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 169 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102102 ER PT J AU NEEDHAM, LL AF NEEDHAM, LL TI COMPARISONS OF INTERNAL DOSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 195 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102128 ER PT J AU STERN, FB HALPERIN, WE HORNUNG, RW RINGENBURG, VL MCCAMMON, CS AF STERN, FB HALPERIN, WE HORNUNG, RW RINGENBURG, VL MCCAMMON, CS TI HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY AMONG BRIDGE AND TUNNEL OFFICERS EXPOSED TO CARBON-MONOXIDE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 5 PY 1992 VL 203 BP 295 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HK161 UT WOS:A1992HK16102228 ER PT J AU SCHWARTLANDER, B HORSBURGH, CR HAMOUDA, O SKARABIS, H KOCH, MA AF SCHWARTLANDER, B HORSBURGH, CR HAMOUDA, O SKARABIS, H KOCH, MA TI CHANGES IN THE SPECTRUM OF AIDS-DEFINING CONDITIONS AND DECREASE IN CD4+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS AT AIDS MANIFESTATION IN GERMANY FROM 1986 TO 1991 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; CD4+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; TRENDS; COMPLEX; PNEUMONIA; THERAPY; RISK AB Objectives: Analysis of changes in the spectrum of AIDS-defining conditions and their correlation with CD4+ lymphocyte counts in different risk groups associated with HIV transmission. Methods: Review of data from all adult AIDS cases reported in Germany between 1986 and 1991. Results: Among AIDS cases diagnosed between 1986 and 1991, the proportion of cases with lymphoma and wasting syndrome increased, while the proportion of Kaposi's sarcoma decreased. Homosexual men, but not intravenous drug users, showed a decrease in the proportion of cases in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and an increase in the proportions with toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection. The median CD4+ lymphocyte count at time of AIDS diagnosis decreased from 73 x 10(6)/I in 1986 (25 and 75 percentiles, 28 and 212) to 47 x 10(6)/I in 1990 (25 and 75 percentiles, 20 and 120; P < 0.01). This decrease was the result of reduced CD4+ lymphocyte counts of individuals presenting with opportunistic infections; there was no corresponding change for individuals with non-infectious AIDS-defining conditions. Conclusions: AIDS diagnosis is now occurring at a later time in the natural history of HIV infection than in 1986, and the relative frequency of specific AIDS-defining conditions has changed. Most pronounced is a decrease of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Changes in the natural history of HIV infection due to therapeutic and prophylactic interventions must be considered when interpreting epidemiological data in the course of the AIDS epidemic. These changes also have implications for the planning and execution of medical care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FREE UNIV BERLIN,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. RP SCHWARTLANDER, B (reprint author), CTR AIDS,FED HLTH OFF,REICHPIETSCHUFER 74-76,W-1000 BERLIN 30,GERMANY. NR 28 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1097/00002030-199204000-00009 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HR142 UT WOS:A1992HR14200009 PM 1352106 ER PT J AU CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW AF CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW TI DIFFERENCES IN MARITAL-STATUS AMONG MEN REPORTED WITH AIDS SO AIDS LA English DT Letter RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS E47,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 436 EP 437 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HR142 UT WOS:A1992HR14200018 PM 1616645 ER PT J AU TOEDTER, G PEARLMAN, S HOFHEINZ, D BLAKESLEE, J COCKERELL, G DEZZUTTI, C YEE, J LAL, RB LAIRMORE, M AF TOEDTER, G PEARLMAN, S HOFHEINZ, D BLAKESLEE, J COCKERELL, G DEZZUTTI, C YEE, J LAL, RB LAIRMORE, M TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED P24 CAPSID ANTIGEN-DETECTION ASSAY FOR HTLV-I, HTLV-II, AND STLV-I INFECTION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL LEUKEMIA; VIRUS TYPE-I; RETROVIRUS; MACAQUES; PROTEINS AB A monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and employed to detect p24 capsid antigen from human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I and II (HTLV-I, HTLV-II), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) -infected cell lines, and from mononuclear cell cocultures of HTLV-infected humans and STLV-I infected monkeys. A monoclonal antibody specific for HTLV p24 and p53 capsid antigens was coated onto 96-well microtiter plates to capture HTLV/STLV antigen. Captured antigen was then detected by the addition of a polyclonal, biotinylated human anti-HTLV-I antibody, and color developed with tetramethyl benzidine/H2O2 substrate. As little as 15 pg/ml of HTLV-1 p24 antigen could be detected in this assay. Culture supernatants from HTLV-I-infected cell lines (HUT-102, MT-2, C5/MJ), HTLV-II-infected cell lines (Mo-T, Mo-B, PanG 12.1, NRA) and STLV-I-infected cell lines (Matsu, NEPC M39) were all positive in the assay. In addition, p24 was detected from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cocultures of 8 of 8 (100%) HTLV-I diseased patients, 14 of 20 (70%) HTLV-I and HTLV-II-infected, asymptomatic persons, and 8 of 8 (100%) STLV-I-infected, asymptomatic monkeys. Culture supernatants of cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Chlamydia trachomatis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex I and II (HSV), feline leukemia virus (FELV), bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) were all negative. Similarly, normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and uninfected, transformed human T cells, were also negative in the assay. The antigen assay is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and STLV-I p24 capsid antigen and can replace reverse transcriptase assays in the confirmation of tissue cultures for these retroviruses. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MED PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TOEDTER, G (reprint author), COULTER IMMUNOL,440 W 20TH ST,HIALEAH,FL 33010, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-40714] NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1992 VL 8 IS 4 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1089/aid.1992.8.527 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HR877 UT WOS:A1992HR87700015 PM 1318063 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, RC RHODES, PH CHORBA, TL EVATT, BL AF HOLMAN, RC RHODES, PH CHORBA, TL EVATT, BL TI SURVIVAL OF HEMOPHILIC MALES WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME WITH AND WITHOUT RISK-FACTORS FOR AIDS OTHER THAN HEMOPHILIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; HEMOPHILIA; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID HTLV-III; INCUBATION PERIOD; UNITED-STATES; EXPERIENCE; ANTIBODIES; COHORTS AB Between January 1, 1981, and June 30, 1990, 1,514 hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in males were diagnosed in the United States. In 1,394, hemophilia was reported as the sole risk factor. For an additional 120, other risk factors were reported: of 101 ot these, 40 had homosexual/bisexual activity, 53 had a history of intravenous drug use, and 8 had both of these risk factors. We examined the demographic data and the survival data of two principal groups: males for whom hemophilia was the sole reported risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure. and hemophilic males for whom homosexual/bisexual activity, intravenous drug use, or both of these additional risk factors were reported. The survival curves showed marginal differences between the hemophilia-only and the multiple risk groups; the median survival times were 13.1 and 14.6 months, with the cumulative probability of survival at 1 year as 52.7% and 54.0%, respectively. Kaposi's sarcoma was among AIDS indicator diseases more commonly found in the multiple risk factor group. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the sole reported diagnosis indicative of AIDS for 34.4% of those in the hemophilia-only group, compared with 20.8% of those with multiple risk factors. The principal demographic difference between the two groups was the age distribution; those in the multiple risk factor group were primarily between 20 and 44 years of age. Restricting the analysis to those between 20 and 44 years resulted in a slightly longer survival time in the hemophilia-only group and no appreciable difference between the disease distributions and survival curves of the two groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. RP HOLMAN, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 39 IS 4 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830390408 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA HL035 UT WOS:A1992HL03500007 PM 1553956 ER PT J AU BEAUMONT, JJ SINGLETON, JA DOEBBERT, G RIEDMILLER, KR BRACKBILL, RM KIZER, KW AF BEAUMONT, JJ SINGLETON, JA DOEBBERT, G RIEDMILLER, KR BRACKBILL, RM KIZER, KW TI ADJUSTMENT FOR SMOKING, ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION, AND SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS IN THE CALIFORNIA OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; ALCOHOL USE; CENSUS DATA; OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY; SURVEILLANCE; AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS; DEATH CERTIFICATES; BLACKS; NHIS ID UNITED-STATES; POISSON REGRESSION; RATES; SURVEILLANCE; STATISTICS; DISEASE; RATIOS AB This paper presents methods for adjusting for smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status in death certificate-based occupational mortality surveillance. The methods were applied in the California Occupational Mortality Study, a statewide study of rates based on 180,000 deaths and census estimates of occupations. For each occupation, levels of smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status were estimated using National Health Interview Survey and U.S. Census data, and an empirical Bayes procedure was used to improve the stability of smoking and alcohol estimates for small occupations. Expected death rates for occupations were calculated by modeling rates as a function of age, smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status with Poisson regression. The effect of adjustment was usually moderate and in the expected direction, and the adjusted mortality ratios were generally closer to 1.0. Full data on agricultural occupations are presented for illustration. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BEAUMONT, JJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,DIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 491 EP 506 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700210405 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL056 UT WOS:A1992HL05600004 PM 1580254 ER PT J AU NIU, MT ALTER, MJ KRISTENSEN, C MARGOLIS, HS AF NIU, MT ALTER, MJ KRISTENSEN, C MARGOLIS, HS TI OUTBREAK OF HEMODIALYSIS-ASSOCIATED NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS AND CORRELATION WITH ANTIBODY TO HEPATITIS C VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS C; HEMODIALYSIS; OUTBREAK ID INTRAFAMILIAL TRANSMISSION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; DIALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; RISK C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT NEPHROL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP NIU, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 345 EP 352 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA HN293 UT WOS:A1992HN29300007 PM 1562024 ER PT J AU ALLEN, DM ONORATO, IM GREEN, TA BLEDSOE, G COLLIE, D CONNELL, T DEPPE, D EDGAR, G EFIRD, J FORRESTER, W MEEK, B RUBERTI, D SANDERS, R SLOANE, S AF ALLEN, DM ONORATO, IM GREEN, TA BLEDSOE, G COLLIE, D CONNELL, T DEPPE, D EDGAR, G EFIRD, J FORRESTER, W MEEK, B RUBERTI, D SANDERS, R SLOANE, S TI HIV-INFECTION IN INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS ENTERING DRUG-TREATMENT, UNITED-STATES, 1988 TO 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AB Background. Intravenous drug use has played a key role in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Standardized surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) is needed to determine HIV prevalence rates, to monitor changes in prevalence over time, and to describe behaviors associated with HIV infection. Methods. In 1987, the Centers for Disease Control began collaborating with state and local health departments to conduct a national program of HIV seroprevalence surveys in a variety of populations and settings. This program includes unlinked HIV seroprevalence surveys in IVDUs entering sentinel drug treatment programs. Results. From April 1988 through December 1989, annual studies were completed in 59 drug treatment centers in 33 US cities. Center-specific seroprevalence rates ranged from 0% to 48.2%, with a median of 4.6%. HIV seroprevalence rates varied widely by geographic area, with rates highest in the Northeast, intermediate in the Middle Atlantic cities of Baltimore and Washington, DC, and lower in other parts of the country. Median rates were 15.6% among African Americans, 3.2% among Hispanics, and 3.3% among Whites. Conclusions. Intravenous drug use is likely to remain an important factor in HIV transmission. This study supports the need to develop or expand programs to prevent the further introduction and spread of HIV among IVDUs and to prevent HIV transmission to their sexual partners. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,STAT & DATA MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALLEN, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.4.541 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT246 UT WOS:A1992HT24600007 PM 1312310 ER PT J AU HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP COLBERT, D SCHEER, S UNDERWOOD, R BARNHART, JL OMALLEY, PM DOLL, LS LIFSON, AR AF HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP COLBERT, D SCHEER, S UNDERWOOD, R BARNHART, JL OMALLEY, PM DOLL, LS LIFSON, AR TI IMPACT OF HIV-INFECTION ON MORTALITY AND ACCURACY OF AIDS REPORTING ON DEATH CERTIFICATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID NEW-YORK-CITY; BISEXUAL MEN; EPIDEMIC; TRENDS AB To assess the impact of HIV infection on mortality and the accuracy of AIDS reporting on death certificates, we analyzed data from 670.4 homosexual and bisexual men in the San Francisco City Clinic cohort. Identification of AIDS cases and deaths in the cohort was determined through multiple sources, including the national AIDS surveillance registry and the National Death Index. Through 1990, 1518 deaths had been reported in the cohort and 1292 death certificates obtained. Of the 1292 death certificates, 1162 were for known AIDS cases, but 9% of the AIDS cases did not have HIV infection or AIDS noted on the death certificate. Only 0.7% of the decedents had AIDS listed as a cause of death and had not been reported to AIDS surveillance. AIDS and HIV infection was the leading cause of death in the cohort, with the highest proportionate mortality ratio (85%) and standardized mortality ratio (153 in 1987), and the largest number of years of potential life lost (32 008 years). The devastating impact of HIV infection on mortality is increasing and will require continued efforts to prevent and treat HIV infection. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HESSOL, NA (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-06] NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.4.561 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT246 UT WOS:A1992HT24600011 PM 1546772 ER PT J AU FRONGILLO, EA RAUSCHENBACH, BS ROE, DA WILLIAMSON, DF AF FRONGILLO, EA RAUSCHENBACH, BS ROE, DA WILLIAMSON, DF TI CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO ELDERLY PERSONS NOT EATING FOR 1 OR MORE DAYS - IMPLICATIONS FOR MEAL PROGRAMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB We examined how social, economic, location, health, and food need characteristics are related to elderly persons' not eating for 1 or more days. The following variables were positively related to not eating: ethnicity, location, receipt of Medicaid, living alone, health problems, mobility, age less than 80 years, cancer, nausea, difficulty swallowing, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and receipt of food from a food pantry. These results have implications for allocating meal program funds, screening clients, and monitoring whether clients eat regularly. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR CHRON DIS & HLTH PREVENT, DIV NUTR, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, BUR NUTR, ALBANY, NY 12201 USA. RP FRONGILLO, EA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV, DIV NUTR SCI, B36 SAVAGE HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 600 EP 602 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.4.600 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT246 UT WOS:A1992HT24600025 PM 1546786 ER PT J AU RIVO, ML GRAY, K AF RIVO, ML GRAY, K TI HEALTH CORNERS - REDUCING CHRONIC DISEASE RISKS AMONG BLACK PUBLIC-HOUSING RESIDENTS IN THE NATIONS CAPITAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU303210] NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 4 BP 611 EP 612 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT246 UT WOS:A1992HT24600030 PM 1546790 ER PT J AU AIKAWA, M BROWN, A SMITH, CD TEGOSHI, T HOWARD, RJ HASLER, TH ITO, Y PERRY, G COLLINS, WE WEBSTER, K AF AIKAWA, M BROWN, A SMITH, CD TEGOSHI, T HOWARD, RJ HASLER, TH ITO, Y PERRY, G COLLINS, WE WEBSTER, K TI A PRIMATE MODEL FOR HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA - PLASMODIUM-COATNEYI-INFECTED RHESUS-MONKEYS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM; ERYTHROCYTES; CYTOADHERENCE; RECEPTOR; PROTEINS; INVITRO AB A major factor in the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria is blockage of cerebral microvessels by the sequestration of parasitized human red blood cells (PRBC). In vitro studies indicate that sequestration of PRBC in the microvessels is mediated by the attachment of knobs on PRBC to receptors on the endothelial cell surface such as CD36, thrombospondin (TSP), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). However, it is difficult to test this theory in vivo because fresh human brain tissues from cerebral malarial autopsy cases are not easy to obtain. Although several animal models for human cerebral malaria have been proposed, none have shown pathologic findings that are similar to those seen in humans. In order to develop an animal model for human cerebral malaria, we studied brains of rhesus monkeys infected with the primate malaria parasite, Plasmodium coatneyi. Our study demonstrated PRBC sequestration and cytoadherence of knobs on PRBC to endothelial cells in the cerebral microvessels of these monkeys. Cerebral microvessels with sequestered PRBC were shown by immunohistochemical analysis to possess CD36, TSP, and ICAM-1. These proteins were not evident in the cerebral microvessels of uninfected control monkeys. Thus, our study indicates, for the first time, that rhesus monkeys infected with P. coatneyi can be used as a primate model to study human cerebral malaria. By using this animal model, we may be able to evaluate strategies for the development of vaccines to prevent human cerebral malaria. C1 ARMED FORCES INST MED SCI,BANGKOK,THAILAND. DNAX RES INST MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL INC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,OFF SCI SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP AIKAWA, M (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,2085 ADELBERT RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. RI Perry, George/A-8611-2009 OI Perry, George/0000-0002-6547-0172 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 17 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HT819 UT WOS:A1992HT81900004 PM 1374220 ER PT J AU RUEBUSH, TK WELLER, SC KLEIN, RE AF RUEBUSH, TK WELLER, SC KLEIN, RE TI KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS ABOUT MALARIA ON THE PACIFIC COASTAL-PLAIN OF GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN AB Surveys of residents of the Pacific coast of Guatemala revealed a lack of knowledge and many misconceptions about the transmission and treatment of malaria, which could adversely affect malaria control measures and antimalarial therapy. Although mosquitoes are known to play an important role in malaria transmission and are thought to become infected by biting individuals with malaria. 75% of people interviewed believe that the mosquitoes can also acquire infections from contaminated water or by biting snakes and frogs. Furthermore, most residents believe that malaria can be acquired in other ways, such as by bathing too frequently or by drinking unboiled water. Although self-treatment of malaria with oral and injectable drugs purchased at stores and pharmacies is very common, less than 10% of the respondents were aware of the correct curative dose of chloroquine. Chloroquine injections are preferred to tablets and believed to be approximately three times as potent as tablets of the same concentration. Nearly two-thirds of the interviewees believed that pregnant and lactating women with malaria should avoid the use of chloroquine because it may cause a spontaneous abortion or dry up breast milk. Similar surveys of National Malaria Service workers and village malaria workers revealed higher levels of knowledge, although the village workers had many misconceptions about malaria transmission. An educational campaign directed at correcting some of these misconceptions should result in more appropriate self-treatment of malaria and greater acceptance by residents of personal protection methods and vector control and drug treatment programs. C1 UNIV VALLE,CTR RES & TRAINING TROP DIS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV PENN,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP RUEBUSH, TK (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HT819 UT WOS:A1992HT81900013 PM 1349462 ER PT J AU ROWTON, ED DEMATA, M RIZZO, N PORTER, CH NAVIN, TR AF ROWTON, ED DEMATA, M RIZZO, N PORTER, CH NAVIN, TR TI ISOLATION OF LEISHMANIA-BRAZILIENSIS FROM LUTZOMYIA-OVALLESI (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) IN GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ISOENZYME CHARACTERIZATION; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS AB Leishmania brailiensis is endemic in Guatemala and Belize in Central America. To help identify the vector(s) of this parasite in Guatemala, phlebotomine sand flies that were aspirated from the clothing of collectors at Tikal National Park in the Department of the Peten were examined for flagellates. Lutzomyia ovallesi was found infected with flagellates that were identified as L. braziliensis by isoenzyme electrophoresis. The isoenzyme profile of this isolate matched those from humans from the same area. C1 UNIV VALLE,CIET,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ROWTON, ED (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 4 BP 465 EP 468 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HT819 UT WOS:A1992HT81900015 PM 1575293 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ AF TOOLE, MJ TI COMMUNICABLE DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY FOLLOWING DISASTERS SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)82662-9 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA HL853 UT WOS:A1992HL85300014 PM 1554181 ER PT J AU PLATEK, SF RILEY, RD SIMON, SD AF PLATEK, SF RILEY, RD SIMON, SD TI THE CLASSIFICATION OF ASBESTOS FIBERS BY SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY AND COMPUTER-DIGITIZING TABLET SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FIBERS; SIZE; PATHOGENICITY; INHALATION; LONG; RATS AB Because of the need to completely and accurately size asbestos bulk samples for toxicity studies, a method was developed to classify asbestos fibres using enlarged micrographs originally produced on the scanning electron Microscope (SEM). Individual fibre length and width measurements were performed on a computer-assisted, digitizing tablet. This method, though time consuming, permitted the sizing of all fibres (length and width) and particles (area) in selected fields of view at SEM magnifications of x 100 and x 2500. Final enlargement of the micrographs permitted sizing magnifications of x 10000. Seven distinct asbestos samples were classified including five chrysotile and two crocidolite samples. Statistical analyses showed good interfilter fibre size correlation for all types of asbestos. In addition. it was determined that a representative sizing of all fibres and non-fibrous particles on a filter preparation could be performed using five sets of micrographs taken at a magnification of x 2500 and enlarged to x 10000: an inverse square root transformation (-0.5 power) is needed to normalize the distributions of length and width. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 2 BP 155 EP 171 DI 10.1093/annhyg/36.2.155 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA HR676 UT WOS:A1992HR67600004 PM 1326908 ER PT J AU KIEHLBAUCH, JA BAKER, CN WACHSMUTH, IK AF KIEHLBAUCH, JA BAKER, CN WACHSMUTH, IK TI INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER ISOLATES TO 22 ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS; FETUS SUBSP JEJUNI; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-FREE; COLI; ORGANISMS; ENTERITIS; CIPROFLOXACIN; RESISTANCE AB We evaluated the in vitro activities of 22 antimicrobial agents against 78 human and animal isolates belonging to two aerotolerant Campylobacter species, C. cryaerophila and C. butzleri, using a broth microdilution technique. An additional 10 antimicrobial agents were included at concentrations found in selective Campylobacter media. Strains of C. cryaerophila belonged to two DNA hybridization groups: DNA hybridization group 1A, which includes the type strain of C. cryaerophila, and DNA hybridization group 1B. The aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and one tetracycline (minocycline) demonstrated the most activity against all DNA hybridization groups (C. cryaerophila DNA groups 1A and 1B and C. butzleri). Most isolates were resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics, with the exception of cefotaxime, and were variably susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. C. cryaerophila DNA hybridization group 1A isolates were generally susceptible to the tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin and moderately susceptible to clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam. The MICs of tetracyclines were higher for C. butzleri and C. cryaerophila DNA hybridization group 1B isolates than for C. cryaerophila DNA hybridization group 1A isolates, but most strains were still susceptible to doxycycline and tetracycline; all isolates were susceptible to minocycline. C. butzleri and C. cryaerophila DNA hybridization group 1B isolates were generally resistant to the macrolide antibiotics (including erythromycin), chloramphenicol, clindamycin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between aerotolerant Campylobacter species and more common Campylobacter species, e.g., C. jejuni, suggest that different treatment strategies may be necessary. Strains of all three DNA hybridization groups of aerotolerant Campylobacter isolates were susceptible to colistin, polymyxin B, and rifampin at concentrations commonly used in selective media. These results suggest that primary isolation methods for Campylobacter species may need to be modified to include aerotolerant Campylobacter strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ANTIMICROB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 717 EP 722 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HM687 UT WOS:A1992HM68700004 PM 1503434 ER PT J AU ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF ESCOBEDO, LG REMINGTON, PL MAST, EE MADANS, JH AF ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF ESCOBEDO, LG REMINGTON, PL MAST, EE MADANS, JH TI SELF-PERCEIVED STRESS AND THE RISK OF PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE - A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF UNITED-STATES ADULTS SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC GASTRIC-ULCER; LIFE EVENTS STRESS; DUODENAL-ULCER; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; MEN AB Background. - Although many physicians and laypersons believe that stress plays a role in the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease, the importance of stress in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers remains controversial. Methods. - To investigate the relationship between perceived stress and peptic ulcer disease we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study - a nationally representative cohort study of US adults. This analysis included 4511 persons who had not previously been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. Results. - At baseline, 68% of the cohort perceived themselves as stressed. During 13 years of follow-up, 208 persons developed ulcers; the cumulative incidence of ulcers was 7.2% for persons who were stressed and 4.0% for persons who were not. After we adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, and regular aspirin use, persons who perceived themselves as stressed were 1.8 times more likely to develop ulcers than those who did not (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.5). We also found a graded relationship between the perceived amount of stress and the incidence of peptic ulcers; relative to nonstressed persons, the relative risk of developing an ulcer was 1.4, 1.9, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.9 at five increasing levels of stress. Conclusions. - These findings suggest that persons who perceive their lives as stressful may be at increased risk for the development of peptic ulcer disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ANAL,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 1992 VL 152 IS 4 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1001/archinte.152.4.829 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HN278 UT WOS:A1992HN27800023 PM 1558442 ER PT J AU DEBORD, DG SWEARENGIN, TF CHEEVER, KL BOOTHJONES, AD WISSINGER, LA AF DEBORD, DG SWEARENGIN, TF CHEEVER, KL BOOTHJONES, AD WISSINGER, LA TI BINDING CHARACTERISTICS OF ORTHO-TOLUIDINE TO RAT HEMOGLOBIN AND ALBUMIN SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; HEMOGLOBIN; ALBUMIN; AROMATIC AMINES ID AROMATIC-AMINES; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; DOSIMETRY; 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; ADDUCTS; INVIVO AB The binding characteristics of [C-14]ortho-toluidine (OT), a suspect human carcinogen, were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were administered [C-14]OT i.p. at 10, 20, 40, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight, then sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 18, 24, 48, or 72 h, or 7, 14, or 28 days. Hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) were isolated from blood, and OT binding was determined by liquid scintillation counting. For Alb, peak binding occurred at 50 mg/kg at the 4-h time point (15.6 ng OT/mg Alb), while for Hb peak binding was observed at 24 h at the 100 mg/kg dose (23.0 +/- 5.1 ng OT/mg Hb). OT-Alb binding was not linear; however, OT-Hb binding appeared to increase linearly in a dose-dependent manner. Biological half-lives of OT bound to Alb or Hb were observed to be 2.6 and 12.3 days, respectively, after rats were administered a single dose of [C-14]OT and sacrificed after 4 h to 28 days. The effect of route of administration on OT-Hb adduct formation was investigated, and approximately a two-fold increase in radioactivity bound to Hb was observed after i.p. administration of 100 mg/kg [C-14]OT versus oral intubation. Additional studies were carried out to investigate the effect of microsomal enzyme induction. An increase in OT-Hb binding was seen in rats pretreated with phenobarbital compared to rats pretreated with beta-naphthoflavone or without pretreatment; however, this increase was not statistically significant. These results suggest that OT-Hb and OT-Alb adduct formation may be a valuable biomarker for assessing workplace exposure. RP DEBORD, DG (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 66 IS 4 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1007/BF02307167 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HM103 UT WOS:A1992HM10300001 PM 1514920 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW ARDUINO, MJ GARRARD, M PEGUES, DA MCALLISTER, S MOONE, T AGUERO, S FAVERO, MS AF OLIVER, JC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW ARDUINO, MJ GARRARD, M PEGUES, DA MCALLISTER, S MOONE, T AGUERO, S FAVERO, MS TI BACTERIA AND ENDOTOXIN REMOVAL FROM BICARBONATE DIALYSIS FLUIDS FOR USE IN CONVENTIONAL, HIGH-EFFICIENCY, AND HIGH-FLUX HEMODIALYSIS SO ARTIFICIAL ORGANS LA English DT Article DE ULTRAFILTRATION; BICARBONATE; HEMODIALYSIS; ENDOTOXIN; BACTERIA; HOLLOW FIBER DIALYZER ID MEMBRANES AB The use of bicarbonate-based dialysis fluids in hemodialysis centers in the United States has increased with the advent of high-efficiency and high-flux hemodialysis. However, bicarbonate dialysis fluids can support rapid bacterial growth and high endotoxin concentrations. This study determined the efficacy of an ultrafiltration device in reducing the bacterial and endotoxin concentrations in bicarbonate dialysis fluids. A polysulfone hollow fiber dialyzer was used to ultrafilter bicarbonate concentrate before entering the central proportioner and bicarbonate dialysate after exiting the proportioner in single patient dialysis machines. Pre- and post-ultrafilter samples were collected for bacterial and endotoxin assay over 10 months. Ultrafiltration of bicarbonate concentrate reduced bacterial and endotoxin concentrations from 288,330 colony forming units (CFU)/ml and 42,804 pg/ml to 0.47 CFU/ml and 109 pg/ml, respectively. Ultrafiltration of the dialysate in single patient systems decreased bacterial and endotoxin concentrations from 15,889 CFU/ml and 1,746 pg/ml to 0.003 CFU/ml and 0.109 pg/ml, respectively. These results demonstrate that ultrafiltration of bicarbonate dialysis fluids is effective in reducing bacterial and endotoxin contamination inherently associated with the use of bicarbonate-based dialysates. C1 US DEPT HHS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OLIVER, JC (reprint author), DIALYSIS CLIN INC,CLIN RES,820 W PEACHTREE ST NW,ATLANTA,GA 30308, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0160-564X J9 ARTIF ORGANS JI Artif. Organs PD APR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA HQ828 UT WOS:A1992HQ82800005 PM 10078235 ER PT J AU KETTERER, PJ KELLY, MA CONNOLE, MD AJELLO, L AF KETTERER, PJ KELLY, MA CONNOLE, MD AJELLO, L TI RHINOCEREBRAL AND NASAL ZYGOMYCOSIS IN SHEEP CAUSED BY CONIDIOBOLUS-INCONGRUUS SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYCOMYCOSIS; INFECTION AB The clinical findings, pathology and mycology of a cluster of 5 ovine cases of rhinocerebral and nasal zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus incongruus are described. All cases were in Border Leicester or Merino x Border Leicester ewes from a flock pastured in a low-lying paddock adjoining a small tidal river in subtropical Queensland (latitude 28-degrees-S). These cases of zygomycosis are believed to be the first infections due to C incongruus recorded in animals other than humans. The disease was subacute In 4 animals with a course of up to several weeks. In these, the primary site of Infection was the posterior nasal cavity. The lesions extended to the dorsum of the face between the eyes, to the orbital cavity and to the anterior brain and meninges in the cranial cavity. In one animal, where the anterior nasal cavity was affected and iodine treatment used, the course was longer. The fungal granulomas had numerous foreign body giant cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. Fungal hyphae were thin walled, 6 to 8-mu-m in diameter, with occasional septa and irregular branching. They were cuffed with a wide zone of necrotic cell coagulum, or with homogeneous eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli granules. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KETTERER, PJ (reprint author), QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,INST ANIM RES,665 FAIRFIELD RD,YEERONGPILLY,QLD 4105,AUSTRALIA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI VICTORIA PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, VICTORIA 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD APR PY 1992 VL 69 IS 4 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb15556.x PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HP957 UT WOS:A1992HP95700004 PM 1605789 ER PT J AU EGELAND, GM BURKHART, GA SCHNORR, TM HORNUNG, RW FAJEN, JM LEE, ST AF EGELAND, GM BURKHART, GA SCHNORR, TM HORNUNG, RW FAJEN, JM LEE, ST TI EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO CARBON-DISULFIDE ON LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD-PRESSURE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FOLLOW-UP; DISULFIDE; MORTALITY; LEAD; MEN; INTERVENTION; REGRESSION; THERAPY; DISEASE AB The relation of carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure to risk factors for ischaemic heart disease was recently examined using data from a 1979 cross sectional study of 410 male textile workers, of whom 165 were exposed and 245 were unexposed to CS2. Average eight hour CS2 exposure concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 11.8 ppm by job title category among the exposed workers. A significant and positive linear trend in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (LDL(c)) and diastolic blood pressure with increasing CS2 exposure was found after adjustment for potential confounders. When exposure was examined as a categorical variable (none, low, moderate, and high), the high exposure group had an adjusted mean LDL(c) that was 0.32 mmol/l greater than the non-exposed group (p = 0.02), and an adjusted mean diastolic blood pressure that was 3.16 mm Hg greater than the non-exposed group (p = 0.09). The effect of CS2 on diastolic blood pressure was strengthened in analyses limited to exposed workers: the high exposure group had an adjusted mean diastolic blood pressure that was 5 mm Hg greater than that of the low exposed group (p = 0.03). Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose concentration, and systolic blood pressure were not affected by exposure. Blood lead concentration was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results indicate that relatively modest exposure to CS2 may raise LDL(c) concentration and diastolic blood pressure and suggest mechanisms by which exposure to CS2 may influence risk of ischaemic heart disease. Also the results provide further support for the hypothesis of a possible association between blood lead concentration and blood pressure. RP EGELAND, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 42 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0007-1072 J9 BRIT J IND MED PD APR PY 1992 VL 49 IS 4 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HM868 UT WOS:A1992HM86800012 PM 1571299 ER PT J AU SMITH, RA HAYNES, S AF SMITH, RA HAYNES, S TI BARRIERS TO SCREENING FOR BREAST-CANCER SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON GUIDELINES AND SCREENING FOR BREAST CANCER CY OCT 11-13, 1991 CL PASADENA, CA SP AMER CANC SOC ID MAMMOGRAPHY; PHYSICIANS; REMINDERS; WOMEN; GUIDELINES; PROJECT; TRIAL; CARE AB Despite strong epidemiologic evidence that screening for breast cancer with mammography and clinical breast examination results in mortality reductions, and the considerable effort to communicate this message to women and health-care providers, most US women are not screened according to recommended guidelines, Recent investigations have focused on trends in use, and factors associated with physicians' and women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with mammography. Even as use of mammography has increased, the literature suggests that a number of significant impediments to participation in routine screening will need to be addressed to achieve high rates of screening among US women according to recommended guidelines. C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SMITH, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CANC BRANCH MS-K52,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 64 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD APR 1 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 7 SU S BP 1968 EP 1978 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19920401)69:7+<1968::AID-CNCR2820691718>3.0.CO;2-J PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HL795 UT WOS:A1992HL79500017 PM 1544102 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, TB KAUFMAN, L COOK, JL AF CAMPBELL, TB KAUFMAN, L COOK, JL TI ASPERGILLOSIS OF THE PROSTATE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INDWELLING BLADDER CATHETER - CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB Fungal prostatitis is an uncommon disease whose presentation is usually similar to that of benign prostatic hypertrophy and is usually diagnosed unexpectedly after surgery for relief of prostatic obstruction. To our knowledge, we report the first case of prostatic aspergillosis that developed as a complication of indwelling bladder catheterization. This unusual manifestation of invasive aspergillosis occurred in a patient at risk for invasive fungal disease because of chronic corticosteroid use and recent administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The previously reported cases of prostatic aspergillosis are reviewed. C1 NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DENVER,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CAMPBELL, TB (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CAMPUS BOX B168,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 942 EP 944 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HL304 UT WOS:A1992HL30400022 PM 1576290 ER PT J AU TSEGA, E HANSSON, BG KRAWCZYNSKI, K NORDENFELT, E AF TSEGA, E HANSSON, BG KRAWCZYNSKI, K NORDENFELT, E TI ACUTE SPORADIC VIRAL-HEPATITIS IN ETHIOPIA - CAUSES, RISK-FACTORS, AND EFFECTS ON PREGNANCY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; VIRUS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; ANTIBODY AB One hundred and ten consecutive cases of acute sporadic hepatitis among Ethiopian patients were studied to define viral causes, identify risk factors, and analyze demographic and clinical data. IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus were found in nine patients (8%), and hepatitis B surface antigen and IgM antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen were found in 22 (20%); these findings were considered evidence of acute hepatitis A and hepatitis B, respectively. Sera from the remaining 79 patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis E virus by a blocking fluorescent antibody test. Thirty-six (33%) of these patients were seropositive, as compared to 4 (7%) of 59 healthy control subjects; for 43 patients (39%), the cause of the acute sporadic hepatitis was unidentified. Twenty-one (19%) of the patients had antibodies to hepatitis C virus, as determined by ELISA. Demographic, biochemical, and clinical data (except in regard to sequelae) were comparable for the different types of infections. The study subjects included 32 pregnant women, 19 (59%) of whom had hepatitis E virus infection; these infections caused death in eight of the women (mostly in the third trimester) and 10 fetal complications. Thus, hepatitis E virus is a common cause of acute sporadic viral hepatitis in Ethiopian patients, and its occurrence during pregnancy is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. C1 UNIV LUND,MALMO GEN HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,VIROL SECT,S-21401 MALMO,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TSEGA, E (reprint author), UNIV ADDIS ABABA,FAC MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,POB 1170,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 15 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 961 EP 965 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HL304 UT WOS:A1992HL30400028 PM 1576296 ER PT J AU JURADO, RL PEREIRA, E HARVEY, RC SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, J FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS AF JURADO, RL PEREIRA, E HARVEY, RC SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, J FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS TI POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES MENINGITIS AND BACTEREMIA IN METROPOLITAN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A218 EP A218 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74100468 ER PT J AU KATZ, MH CHANG, S BUCHBINDER, SP HESSOL, NA OMALLEY, P DOLL, LS AF KATZ, MH CHANG, S BUCHBINDER, SP HESSOL, NA OMALLEY, P DOLL, LS TI HEALTH-INSURANCE FOR MEN INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) - WHAT IS THE BEST POLICY SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A585 EP A585 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102588 ER PT J AU KIM, I SERDULA, MK TROWBRIDGE, FL AF KIM, I SERDULA, MK TROWBRIDGE, FL TI ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF PREPREGNANCY WEIGHT STATUS ON THE INCIDENCE OF LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A631 EP A631 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102859 ER PT J AU MURTAGH, JJ HUDSON, J HODGE, T AF MURTAGH, JJ HUDSON, J HODGE, T TI RAPID HLA GENOTYPING BY A POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SEQUENCING STRATEGY EMPLOYING A NOVEL OVERHANG CLONING VEHICLE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RES GENET,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35801. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A260 EP A260 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74100712 ER PT J AU POMMERENKE, F ACKERMAN, S AF POMMERENKE, F ACKERMAN, S TI THE USE OF LOCAL MORTALITY STATISTICS TO TARGET CANCER CONTROL SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A609 EP A609 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74102737 ER PT J AU SMULIAN, AG SULLIVAN, D LINKE, MJ HALSEY, N QUINN, T MACPHAIL, AP KREISS, J BRYAN, RT HERNANDEZ, MA HONG, ST WALZER, PD AF SMULIAN, AG SULLIVAN, D LINKE, MJ HALSEY, N QUINN, T MACPHAIL, AP KREISS, J BRYAN, RT HERNANDEZ, MA HONG, ST WALZER, PD TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45220. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. UNIV WITWATERSRAND,JOHANNESBURG 2001,SOUTH AFRICA. SEOUL NATL UNIV,SEOUL 151,SOUTH KOREA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A355 EP A355 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74101242 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW MOHLEBOETANI, J KOEHLER, J SWAMINATHAN, B BERGER, T WENGER, J REINGOLD, A AF TAPPERO, JW MOHLEBOETANI, J KOEHLER, J SWAMINATHAN, B BERGER, T WENGER, J REINGOLD, A TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DBMD,MSPB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A463 EP A463 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74101864 ER PT J AU XU, Y SUMMERS, S SWERLICK, R SEPP, N ADES, E CANDAL, F LAWLEY, T AF XU, Y SUMMERS, S SWERLICK, R SEPP, N ADES, E CANDAL, F LAWLEY, T TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1992 VL 40 IS 2 BP A447 EP A447 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HN741 UT WOS:A1992HN74101767 ER PT J AU VILLARINO, ME SCHULTE, JM AF VILLARINO, ME SCHULTE, JM TI DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY FOR COMMON SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article RP VILLARINO, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV OFF,MAIL STOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD APR PY 1992 VL 10 IS 2 BP 459 EP 468 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HN082 UT WOS:A1992HN08200016 PM 1606771 ER PT J AU SCHABLE, B RHODEN, DL JARVIS, WR MILLER, JM AF SCHABLE, B RHODEN, DL JARVIS, WR MILLER, JM TI PREVALENCE OF SEROTYPES OF XANTHOMONAS-MALTOPHILIA FROM WORLDWIDE SOURCES SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-MALTOPHILIA; INFECTIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BACILLI AB Since its development in 1988, a serologic typing scheme for Xanthomonas maltophilia, based on 31 O antigens, has been successfully used to serotype isolates involved in nosocomial outbreaks in the United States. To determine if this serotyping scheme would be useful in typing X. maltophilia isolates from world-wide sources, we obtained additional isolates from 10 countries; of 900 isolates tested, 795 (88.3%) were typable. ln order of predominance. the three most common serotypes were 10, and 19. These three serotypes were most frequently associated with respiratory and blood isolates. This serotyping system is useful as an epidemiologic screening method for universal typing of outbreaks of X. maltophilia infections. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 1992 VL 108 IS 2 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HV389 UT WOS:A1992HV38900012 PM 1582474 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, L EKBOM, A ZACK, M AF HOLMBERG, L EKBOM, A ZACK, M TI DO SCREENING-DETECTED INVASIVE BREAST CANCERS HAVE A NATURAL-HISTORY OF THEIR OWN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BREAST CANCER WORKING CONF CY SEP 03-06, 1991 CL LOUVAIN, BELGIUM SP EUROPEAN ORG RES & TREATMENT CANC ID TRIAL; MAMMOGRAPHY; MORTALITY; INTERVAL; REDUCTION; PROJECT; PROGRAM C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLMBERG, L (reprint author), UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD APR-MAY PY 1992 VL 28A IS 4-5 BP 920 EP 923 DI 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90151-Q PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HV130 UT WOS:A1992HV13000053 PM 1524924 ER PT J AU LESSE, AJ GHEESLING, LL BITTNER, WE MYERS, SD CARLONE, GM AF LESSE, AJ GHEESLING, LL BITTNER, WE MYERS, SD CARLONE, GM TI STABLE, CONSERVED OUTER-MEMBRANE EPITOPE OF STRAINS OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS ASSOCIATED WITH BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; FADL GENE-PRODUCT; INFANT RAT MODEL; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; TRANSPORT; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Brazilian purpuric fever is a rapidly fatal childhood disease associated with a clonal strain of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. We describe a conserved, surface-exposed epitope present on 95% of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius isolates that are associated with Brazilian purpuric fever. This epitope, defined by reaction with the monoclonal antibody 8G3, is on or associated with the 48-kDa heat-modifiable P1 protein. The epitope is absent on strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius that are not associated with Brazilian purpuric fever but is present on one strain of H. influenzae biotype II. None of 81 other Haemophilus strains tested reacted with 8G3. The sensitivity and specificity of the 8G3 monoclonal antibody in detecting Brazilian case-clone strains of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius associated with Brazilian purpuric fever are 95 and 99%, respectively. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the epitope is surface exposed, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of an 8G3-reactive P1 protein from a strain of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius showed 100% correlation with the published N-terminal amino acid sequence of a P1 protein of H. influenzae type b. The virulence of the organism in an infant rat model of bacteremia was not dependent on the expression of this epitope. C1 SUNY BUFFALO, DEPT MED, BUFFALO, NY 14215 USA. SUNY BUFFALO, DEPT PHARMACOL & THERAPEUT, BUFFALO, NY 14215 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, MOLEC BIOL LAB, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP LESSE, AJ (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, DIV INFECT DIS, BUFFALO, NY 14215 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 S10RR05554-01, 1 S10RR05758-01] NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1351 EP 1357 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HK753 UT WOS:A1992HK75300013 PM 1372293 ER PT J AU GENCO, CA KAPCZYNSKI, DR CUTLER, CW ARKO, RJ ARNOLD, RR AF GENCO, CA KAPCZYNSKI, DR CUTLER, CW ARKO, RJ ARNOLD, RR TI INFLUENCE OF IMMUNIZATION ON PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS COLONIZATION AND INVASION IN THE MOUSE CHAMBER MODEL SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBE BACTEROIDES-GINGIVALIS; SERUM ANTIBODIES; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; ORAL MICROORGANISMS; PROTEINS; STRAINS; IGG; IDENTIFICATION; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS AB The effects of immunization with invasive or noninvasive Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis strains on the pathogenesis of infection in a mouse chamber model were examined. BALB/c mice were immunized by a single injection of heat-killed P. gingivalis invasive strain A7436 or W83 or noninvasive strain 33277, HG405, or 381 directly into subcutaneous chambers. P. gingivalis-specific antibody was detected in chamber fluid 21 days postimmunization, and mice were subsequently challenged by injection of exponential-phase P. gingivalis into chambers. Immunization with A7436 or W83 followed by challenge with A7436 protected mice against secondary abscess formation and death; however, P. gingivalis persisted in chambers for up to 14 days postchallenge. Immunization with noninvasive strain 33277, HG405, or 381 followed by challenge with invasive strain A7436 or W83 protected mice against secondary lesion formation and death. P. gingivalis was cultured from 33277- or HG405-immunized and nonimmunized animals to day 14. All P. gingivalis strains induced an immunoglobulin G response, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western immunoblotting of P. gingivalis whole-cell and outer membrane protein preparations. Western blot analyses indicated that sera from mice immunized with different invasive and noninvasive strains recognized common P. gingivalis antigens. In summary, immunization with invasive P. gingivalis A7436 and W83 or noninvasive P. gingivalis 33277, HG405, and 381 protected mice from secondary lesion formation and death after challenge with invasive P. gingivalis A7436 or W83. P. gingivalis-specific antibody did not, however, inhibit the colonization of P. gingivalis within chambers. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT ORAL BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE07808, DE09368] NR 51 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1447 EP 1454 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HK753 UT WOS:A1992HK75300027 PM 1312515 ER PT J AU KARANFIL, LV MURPHY, M JOSEPHSON, A GAYNES, R MANDEL, L HILL, BC SWENSON, JM AF KARANFIL, LV MURPHY, M JOSEPHSON, A GAYNES, R MANDEL, L HILL, BC SWENSON, JM TI A CLUSTER OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM IN AN INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEICOPLANIN; INFECTION AB OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of a cluster of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VAREC) in a cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit. DESIGN: A case series of patients identified through review of surveillance data on nosocomial infections, review of microbiologic records, and culture survey of patients in the unit. RESULTS: Six patients in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit had VAREC with identical antimicrobic susceptibility patterns over a 6-month period. Four patients were identified with VAREC through prospective surveillance and 2 through retrospective review. Prior vancomycin use was seen more commonly in patients with VAREC (6/6,100%) than in those without VAREC (3/12, 25%) (Fisher's exact test, p = .01). Six of the 7 patients with prior infection developed VAREC (85.7%). A prior nosocomial infection and prior exposure to vancomycin were found to be important variables in a logistic regression analysis. VAREC also was isolated from the environment. A combination of cohorting of patients and staff, and modifications of standard contact isolation practices eliminated the presence of VAREC from the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that prior administration of vancomycin, especially in the patient who develops nosocomial infection, can influence the acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and that VAREC may be transmitted from patient to patient. Using a modification of the standard infection control practice of isolation, we were able to control the spread of this resistant strain of E faecium. C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BROOKLYN,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SUNY HOSP,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BROOKLYN,NY. NR 20 TC 209 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HN783 UT WOS:A1992HN78300004 PM 1593099 ER PT J AU VILLARINO, ME STEVENS, LE SCHABLE, B MAYERS, G MILLER, JM BURKE, JP JARVIS, WR AF VILLARINO, ME STEVENS, LE SCHABLE, B MAYERS, G MILLER, JM BURKE, JP JARVIS, WR TI RISK-FACTORS FOR EPIDEMIC XANTHOMONAS-MALTOPHILIA INFECTION COLONIZATION IN INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT PATIENTS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-MALTOPHILIA; PNEUMONIA AB OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for and modes of transmission of Xanthomonas maltophilia infection/colonization. DESIGN: Surveillance and cohort study. SETTING: A 470-bed tertiary trauma-referral community hospital. PATIENTS: From January 1, 1988 to March 17,1989, 106 intensive care unit patients developed X maltophilia infection/colonization. We defined a case as any intensive care unit patient who, from July 15, 1988, through March 17, 1989 (epidemic period), had X maltophilia infection/colonization greater-than-or-equal-to 48 hours after intensive care unit admission. We identified 45 case patients and 103 control patients (persons in the shock-trauma intensive care unit for greater-than-or-equal-to 72 hours during the epidemic period who had no X maltophilia-positive culture). RESULTS: Cases were significantly more likely to occur in the shock-trauma intensive care unit than in all other intensive care units combined. Mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, being transported to the hospital by airplane, and receipt of a higher mean number of antimicrobials were risk factors for X maltophilia infection/colonization. Risk of X maltophilia infection/colonization was significantly greater among cases exposed to a patient with a X maltophilia surgical wound infection than among those without such exposure (relative risk = 1.3, p = .03). Animate and inanimate cultures revealed X maltophilia contamination of the hospital room of a patient with an X maltophilia surgical wound infection, of respiratory therapy equipment in this patient's room, of respirometers shared between patients, and of shock-trauma intensive care unit personnel's hands. Related environmental and clinical isolates were serotype 10. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanically ventilated patients receiving antimicrobials in the shock-trauma intensive care unit were at increased risk of X maltophilia infection/colonization. Patients with draining X maltophilia surgical wound infections served as reservoirs for X maltophilia, and contamination of the respirometers and the hands of shock-trauma intensive care unit personnel resulted in patient-to-patient transmission of X maltophilia. C1 LATTER DAY ST HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84143. RP VILLARINO, ME (reprint author), US PHS,CTRS DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 4 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HN783 UT WOS:A1992HN78300005 PM 1593100 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, BE GREENE, CE JONES, DC DAWSON, JE AF ANDERSON, BE GREENE, CE JONES, DC DAWSON, JE TI EHRLICHIA-EWINGII SP-NOV, THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF CANINE GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; POLYARTHRITIS; DOGS; DNA AB The 16S rRNA gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from the blood of two dogs that were experimentally infected with the etiologic agent of canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. The 16S rRNA sequence was found to be unique when it was compared with the sequences of other members of the genus Ehrlichia. The most closely related species were Ehrlichia canis (98.0% related) and the human ehrlichiosis agent (Ehrlichia chaffeensis) (98.1% related); all other species in the genus were found to be phylogenetically much more distant. Our results, coupled with previous serologic data, provide conclusive evidence that the canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent is a new species of the genus Ehrlichia that is related to, but is distinct from, E. canis and all other members of the genus. We propose the name Ehrlichia ewingii sp. nov.; the Stillwater strain is the type strain. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT SMALL ANIM MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP ANDERSON, BE (reprint author), NCID,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 22 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HN405 UT WOS:A1992HN40500016 PM 1581189 ER PT J AU FARIZO, KM BUEHLER, JW CHAMBERLAND, ME WHYTE, BM FROELICHER, ES HOPKINS, SG REED, CM MOKOTOFF, ED COHN, DL TROXLER, S PHELPS, AF BERKELMAN, RL AF FARIZO, KM BUEHLER, JW CHAMBERLAND, ME WHYTE, BM FROELICHER, ES HOPKINS, SG REED, CM MOKOTOFF, ED COHN, DL TROXLER, S PHELPS, AF BERKELMAN, RL TI SPECTRUM OF DISEASE IN PERSONS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; SYNDROME AIDS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV INFECTION; RISK; EPIDEMIC; TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERIAL AB Objective. - To describe the spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design. - Retrospective survey of medical records. Setting. - More than 50 clinics, hospitals, and private medical practices in nine US cities. Patients. - A total of 626 women and 7008 men 13 years of age or older with HIV infection who received medical care from January 1990 through March 1991 were consecutively enrolled. Main Outcome Measures. - Any history of diseases in the 1987 case definition for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and during the 12-month period preceding enrollment (baseline period), the occurrence of other major diseases, hospitalizations, and results of CD4+ lymphocyte counts. Results. - Thirty-two percent of persons met the 1987 case definition for AIDS. The occurrence of an AIDS-indicator disease during the baseline period ranged from 3% (33/1011) to 46% (1254/2748) among persons with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 0.50 x 10(9)/L or greater and fewer than 0.20 x 10(9)/L (greater-than-or-equal-to 500 and < 200 CD4+ lymphocytes per microliter), respectively, and, at comparable CD4+ lymphocyte levels, was similar among women compared with men, and among persons who reported intravenous drug use compared with men who reported male-to-male sex. The frequency of one or more other major infectious diseases (eg, other pneumonias, bacterial sepsis, pulmonary tuberculosis) ranged from 6% to 16% among persons with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 0.50 x 10(9)/L or greater and fewer than 0.20 x 10(9)/L, respectively; these illnesses were also associated with a history of intravenous drug use. Among persons who did not meet the 1987 AIDS case definition, 30% of those with an available CD4+ lymphocyte count had fewer CD4+ cells than 0.20 x 10(9)/L, 8% had one or more major infectious diseases, and 14% had one or more hospital admissions. Conclusions.-For every person with AIDS at these sites, two additional persons with HIV infection were receiving medical care, many of whom had severe immunosuppression and a broad spectrum of serious HIV-related disease. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98104. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. HLTH & HUMAN SERV DEPT,HOUSTON,TX. RP FARIZO, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 47 TC 268 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 13 BP 1798 EP 1805 DI 10.1001/jama.267.13.1798 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HK672 UT WOS:A1992HK67200030 PM 1347573 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL CRAUN, GF STOKES, SL JURANEK, DD AF HERWALDT, BL CRAUN, GF STOKES, SL JURANEK, DD TI OUTBREAKS OF WATERBORNE DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES - 1989-90 SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA AB For the two-year period 1989-90, 16 states reported 26 outbreaks of water-borne disease from water intended for drinking. These outbreaks resulted in illness in an estimated 4,288 people. Giardia lamblia was implicated as the etiologic agent for seven of the twelve outbreaks in which an agent was identified. The outbreaks of giardiasis were all associated with ingestion of unfiltered surface water or groundwater influenced by a surface water. An outbreak with four deaths was attributed to Escherichia coli O157:H7, the only bacterial pathogen implicated in any of the outbreak investigations. An outbreak of remitting, relapsing diarrhea was associated with cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)-like bodies, whose role in causing diarrheal illness is being studied. Two outbreaks caused by hepatitis A and one caused by a Norwalk-like agent were associated with use of well water. National surveillance of outbreaks of waterborne disease, which has been conducted for two decades, continues to be a useful means for characterizing the epidemiology of water-borne diseases. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 1992 VL 84 IS 4 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HN470 UT WOS:A1992HN47000008 ER PT J AU PERRIENS, JH MUSSA, M LUABEYA, MK KAYEMBE, K KAPITA, B BROWN, C PIOT, P JANSSEN, R AF PERRIENS, JH MUSSA, M LUABEYA, MK KAYEMBE, K KAPITA, B BROWN, C PIOT, P JANSSEN, R TI NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF HIV-1-SEROPOSITIVE INTERNAL-MEDICINE INPATIENTS IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV-1 INFECTION; NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS; CNS DISEASE; HIV-1-ASSOCIATED DEMENTIA; AFRICA ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS AB Because little was known about the prevalence of neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in Africa, we conducted a cross-sectional study among consecutive admissions to the internal medicine wards of Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Of the 196 patients studied, 104 (53%) were HIV-1 seropositive, of whom 50 (48%) had stage 3 and 49 (47%) had stage 4 HIV-1 infection according to the provisional WHO staging criteria for HIV infection. Neuropsychiatric abnormalities were present in 43 (41%) of 104 HIV-1-seropositive patients. Of the HIV-1-seropositive patients, 9 (8.7%; 95% confidence interval, 4-16%) were diagnosed as having possible HIV-1-associated dementia complex, 1 (1%) as having possible HIV-1 myelopathy, and 3 (12.7%) as having possible HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Definitive diagnoses could not be made because there were no facilities for neuroimaging and neuropathology. Meningitis caused by cryptococcus was diagnosed in six (5.6%) and by Mycobacterium avium in two (2%) of the HIV-1 seropositive patients. Acute onset hemiplegia, believed to be due to stroke, was present in four(4%) of the HIV-1-seropositive patients. The prevalence of other central nervous system opportunistic infections and mass lesions, especially toxoplasmic encephalitis, could not be assessed. In this population of Zairian inpatients, the prevalence of neurological complications of HIV-1 infection was similar to that observed in industrialized countries among patients with advanced HIV disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS E46,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. MAMA YEMO HOSP,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. UNIV KINSHASA,CTR NEUROPSYCHOPATHOL,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. AGENCE GEN COOPERAT DEV,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 333 EP 340 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HK430 UT WOS:A1992HK43000002 PM 1312594 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF HENEINE, W GRINDON, A HARTLEY, TM SHULMAN, G KAPLAN, J AF KHABBAZ, RF HENEINE, W GRINDON, A HARTLEY, TM SHULMAN, G KAPLAN, J TI INDETERMINATE HTLV SEROLOGIC RESULTS IN UNITED-STATES BLOOD-DONORS - ARE THEY DUE TO HTLV-I OR HTLV-II SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE INDETERMINATE HTLV SEROLOGY; BLOOD DONORS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; INFECTION; TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; REACTIVITY; SEQUENCE AB Current screening tests to detect human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in volunteer blood donors commonly yield indeterminate HTLV serologic results (mostly isolated gag reactors). To assess the significance of indeterminate HTLV serologic results in U.S. blood donors, we compared 56 persons who had such serologic patterns with 30 HTLV seropositive blood donors and with HTLV seronegative controls. Polymerase chain reaction assays showed that none of the 56 individuals with indeterminate HTLV serologic results were infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II, while all 30 HTLV seropositive blood donors were infected with either HTLV-I (in 15 ) or HTLV-II (in the other 15). The seroindeterminate blood donors were also different from the HTLV seropositive blood donors and more like HTLV seronegative controls in their demographic characteristics and the presence of HTLV risk factors. These results are evidence that volunteer blood donors with isolated and persistent gag seroreactivity in the United States are unlikely to be infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II. C1 AMER RED CROSS METROPOLITAN ATLANTA REG,ATLANTA,GA. RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 400 EP 404 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HK430 UT WOS:A1992HK43000011 PM 1548575 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ AF JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ TI PREDOMINANT PATHOGENS IN HOSPITAL INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CHEMOTHERAPY - CEFPIROME : A NOVEL EXTENDED SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORIN CY JUN 23-28, 1991 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 351 Z9 360 U1 0 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD APR PY 1992 VL 29 SU A BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA HT051 UT WOS:A1992HT05100005 PM 1601752 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, BE SUMNER, JW DAWSON, JE TZIANABOS, T GREENE, CR OLSON, JG FISHBEIN, DB OLSENRASMUSSEN, M HOLLOWAY, BP GEORGE, EH AZAD, AF AF ANDERSON, BE SUMNER, JW DAWSON, JE TZIANABOS, T GREENE, CR OLSON, JG FISHBEIN, DB OLSENRASMUSSEN, M HOLLOWAY, BP GEORGE, EH AZAD, AF TI DETECTION OF THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers derived from a variable region of the 16S rRNA gene sequence were used to amplify DNA specifically from Ehrlichia chaffeensis (the recently proposed name for the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis). The 389-bp product defined by the specific primers was not detected when DNA samples from any of the other recognized species of Ehrlichia were used as amplification templates. When the PCR was applied to five suitable blood specimens obtained from patients subsequently shown to be serologically positive for E. chaffeensis, all five were positive. The same technique was applied to a total of six control blood specimens, three from febrile patients who had no serologic evidence of infection with Ehrlichia or Rickettsia species and three from patients diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and all six were negative. A chemiluminescent, group-specific oligonucleotide probe was shown to hybridize only with the PCR products obtained upon amplification of the five blood specimens from patients serologically diagnosed as having human ehrlichiosis. The results indicate that PCR, coupled with a nonisotopic method of confirming the identity of the PCR product, is a highly specific and efficient method of detecting the agent of human ehrlichiosis in blood. The results also suggest that E. chaffeensis is the sole etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis in the United States. The technique was also applied to four ticks that were positive by direct immunofluorescence for Ehrlichia species, and one tick was PCR positive, indicating that E. chaffeensis DNA can be detected in ticks harboring this organism, although the sensitivity may be low. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. RP ANDERSON, BE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 15 TC 201 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 775 EP 780 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700004 PM 1374076 ER PT J AU WOODS, PA GENTSCH, J GOUVEA, V MATA, L SIMHON, A SANTOSHAM, M BAI, ZS URASAWA, S GLASS, RI AF WOODS, PA GENTSCH, J GOUVEA, V MATA, L SIMHON, A SANTOSHAM, M BAI, ZS URASAWA, S GLASS, RI TI DISTRIBUTION OF SEROTYPES OF HUMAN ROTAVIRUS IN DIFFERENT POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES; DAY-CARE-CENTERS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS; IDENTIFICATION; SUBGROUP AB Serotyping is a useful tool to study the epidemiologic characteristics of rotaviruses in large populations and to assess the need for a vaccine to protect against all strains. By using an enzyme immunoassay with serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies to the four most common rotavirus serotypes, we analyzed 1,183 rotavirus-positive specimens from 16 stool collections in eight countries on four continents that were obtained from 1978 to 1989. Of the 926 strains (78%) that could be serotyped, 48% were serotype 1, 8% were serotype 2, 15% were serotype 3, and 7% were serotype 4. Twenty-two percent had insufficient numbers of double-shelled virus particles to react with the monoclonal antibody of the VP4 rotavirus protein and therefore could not be serotyped. Our results indicate that vaccines being developed must provide the greatest coverage against serotype 1 and that the serotype distribution cannot be predicted currently by the geographic area or prevalence in the preceding year. C1 UNIV COSTA RICA,CLUDAD UNIV RODRIGO FACIO,INST INVEST SALUD,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. LANZHOU INST BIOMED PROD,LANZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. SAPPORO MED COLL,DEPT HYG & EPIDEMIOL,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. RP WOODS, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 44 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 781 EP 785 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700005 PM 1315333 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL COHEN, MA SESNIE, JC FUCHS, PC WASHINGTON, JA MURRAY, PR BAKER, C AF BARRY, AL COHEN, MA SESNIE, JC FUCHS, PC WASHINGTON, JA MURRAY, PR BAKER, C TI INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL LIMITS FOR TESTING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO ENOXACIN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISK DIFFUSION AB For testing the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to enoxacin, a proposed susceptibility category includes strains for which MICs are less-than-or-equal-to 0.5-mu-g/ml and zones of inhibition are greater-than-or-equal-to 32 mm in diameter. Because of the sparcity of resistant gonococci, a resistance category was not defined, but laboratory-selected resistant mutants were appropriately categorized by the proposed criteria. A review of clinical data confirmed the utility of a single 400-mg oral dose of enoxacin for treating gonorrhea caused by strains judged to be susceptible by the proposed criteria. For quality control purposes, for N. gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 MICs should be 0.016 to 0.06-mu-g/ml and zones of inhibition should be 43 to 51 mm in diameter. C1 WARNER LAMBERT PARKE DAVIS,PARKE DAVIS PHARMACEUT RES DIV,ANN ARBOR,MI 48106. ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700011 PM 1572967 ER PT J AU ITO, F HUNTER, EF GEORGE, RW POPE, V LARSEN, SA AF ITO, F HUNTER, EF GEORGE, RW POPE, V LARSEN, SA TI SPECIFIC IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STAINING OF PATHOGENIC TREPONEMES WITH A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALLIDUM NICHOLS; PROTEIN ANTIGENS; SURFACE; SYPHILIS; IMMUNODOMINANT; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES; HUMANS AB Two hybrid cell lines which produced mouse monoclonal antibody to the DAL-1 street strain of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were established. These monoclonal antibodies strongly reacted with T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nicholas strain, DAL-1, and two other street strains, strains MN-1 and MN-3) and T. pallidum subsp. pertenue by indirect microimmunofluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, but they did not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue. These monoclonal antibodies did not react with nonpathogenic treponemes, such as T. phagedenis Reiter, T. denticola MRB, T. refringens Noguchi, or other spirochetes, such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in microimmunofluorescent antibody smear slides or in Western blots (immunoblots). While unlabeled antibodies are useful for investigating the antigenic structures of T. pallidum, we labeled these monoclonal antibodies with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used them for diagnosing syphilis by direct staining of lesion exudate or T. pallidum subsp. pallidum in formalin-fixed tissues from patients suspected of having syphilis. Both monoclonal antibodies were directed against antigens of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum with a molecular weight of 37,000 as determined by the Western blotting technique. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIPPON MED COLL,HOSP 2,DEPT DERMATOL,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 831 EP 838 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700014 PM 1374079 ER PT J AU RODRIGUE, DC CAMERON, DN PUHR, ND BRENNER, FW STLOUIS, ME WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV AF RODRIGUE, DC CAMERON, DN PUHR, ND BRENNER, FW STLOUIS, ME WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV TI COMPARISON OF PLASMID PROFILES, PHAGE TYPES, AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS ISOLATES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EGGS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAKS; HENS AB To evaluate the laboratory techniques for subtyping isolates of Salmonella enteritidis, we compared the plasmid profiles (PP), phage types (PT), and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (AS) of two nationally representative samples of sporadic human S. enteritidis isolates from 1979 (n = 28) and 1984 (n = 37), 43 isolates from 20 outbreaks of S. enteritidis infections between 1983 and 1987, and 46 animal isolates selected from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Veterinary Services Laboratory in 1986 and 1987. Sporadic and outbreak isolates from humans showed similar rates of resistance to at least one of a panel of antimicrobial drugs (23 and 14%, respectively), PT (91 and 98%, respectively), and PP (97 and 100%, respectively). Sixteen different PP were identified in sporadic, outbreak, and animal isolates; two PP accounted for 76% of sporadic and outbreak isolates. Sporadic human isolates were of PT 8 (42%), of PT 13a (37%), nontypeable (9%), of PT 14b (8%), of PT 9a (3%), and of PT 13 (2%). Outbreak human isolates had similar distributions of PT. PT 8 was associated with poultry: 58% (7 of 12) of the poultry isolates but only 24% (8 of 34) of the isolates from other animals were of PT 8 (P < 0.04). Although antimicrobial susceptibility patterns do not appear as useful as an epidemiologic marker, PP and PT effectively subtyped S. enteritidis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 854 EP 857 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700017 PM 1572970 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL YEE, J MONE, J FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, JJ REYES, GR HADLOCK, K CHAN, L VILLINGER, F LAIRMORE, MD SINHA, S LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL YEE, J MONE, J FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, JJ REYES, GR HADLOCK, K CHAN, L VILLINGER, F LAIRMORE, MD SINHA, S LAL, RB TI SEROLOGIC CONFIRMATION OF SIMIAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I INFECTION BY USING IMMUNOASSAYS DEVELOPED FOR HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS-ANTIBODY DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; NON-HUMAN PRIMATES; STLV-I; REACTIVITY; MONKEYS; IMMUNOBLOT; LYMPHOMA; MACAQUES; SEQUENCE; DISEASE AB Serum specimens from diverse species of Old World monkeys, categorized as seropositive (n = 97) or seronegative (n = 23) for human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection, were tested by using recombinant env-spiked Western immunoblot assays and synthetic peptide assays for simultaneous detection and discrimination of simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) infection. Of the 97 seropositive specimens, 93 reacted with the recombinant transmembrane (r21env) protein and 90 reacted with a recombinant, MTA-1, derived from the central region of the external glycoprotein of HTLV-I (rgp46env), thus yielding test sensitivities of 96 and 93%, respectively. While 1 of the 23 negative monkey specimens reacted with r21env, none reacted with rgp46env, for overall specificities of 96 and 100%, respectively. Analysis of synthetic peptide-based immunoassays demonstrated that while 85 of 97 (88%) seropositive specimens reacted with HTLV-I-specific epitope (p19gag), none of the specimens reacted with HTLV-II-specific epitope (gp52env). These results show that recombinant envelope-spiked Western blots provide a simple means for serologic confirmation of STLV-I infection and that type-specific synthetic peptides can be used to confirm the virus type in seropositive monkey specimens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,SIMIAN RETROVIRUS REFERENCE LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT VIROL & IMMUNOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. DIAGNOST BIOTECHNOL,SINGAPORE SCI PK,SINGAPORE. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-33811]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06596] NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 858 EP 861 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700018 PM 1349306 ER PT J AU JORGENSEN, JH DOERN, GV FERRARO, MJ KNAPP, CC SWENSON, JM WASHINGTON, JA AF JORGENSEN, JH DOERN, GV FERRARO, MJ KNAPP, CC SWENSON, JM WASHINGTON, JA TI MULTICENTER EVALUATION OF THE USE OF HAEMOPHILUS TEST MEDIUM FOR BROTH MICRODILUTION ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AND DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY-CONTROL LIMITS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PNEUMOCOCCI; CHLORAMPHENICOL; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; ADULTS AB A five-laboratory collaborative study was undertaken to determine the precision and accuracy of broth microdilution susceptibility tests of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates performed with Haemophilus test medium (HTM) compared with tests performed with lysed horse blood-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth (LHB). The intra- and interlaboratory reproducibilities of MICs of 10 antimicrobial agents determined with the two media were found to be quite similar and highly reproducible in both media. On the basis of favorable performance in this study, S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 is recommended as a quality control strain to assess the performance of HTM when this medium is used for testing of pneumococci. Testing of 293 unique clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae with both media in the respective participant laboratories allowed a direct comparison of MIC results and a calculation of interpretive error rates. Although there were some slight differences between MICs determined with HTM and MICs determined with LHB, few very major or major errors resulted from testing the clinical isolates against the 10 antimicrobial agents. However, MIC-interpretive criteria specific for S. pneumoniae should be developed and promulgated through a national consensus mechanism. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02114. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ANTIMICROB INVEST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JORGENSEN, JH (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78184, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 961 EP 966 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700038 PM 1572984 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM SCALISE, G PIERSIMONI, C AF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM SCALISE, G PIERSIMONI, C TI NONMYCETOMIC ACTINOMADURA-MADURAE INFECTION IN A PATIENT WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NOCARDIOPSIS AB Actinomadura madurae is an aerobic actinomycete which is best known worldwide as the cause of actinomycotic mycetomas. It has not previously been reported to have caused invasive pulmonary or disseminated infection in humans. We describe an AIDS patient with opportunistic A. madurae-induced pneumonia and bacteremia. The isolate from the patient's blood was subjected to dilutional antimicrobial susceptibility tests with 12 antimicrobial agents and was found to have a wide spectrum of susceptibility. This unusual microorganism may be a cause of infections in severely immunosuppressed patients. C1 UNIV ANCONA,GEN HOSP UMBERTO I TORRETTE,INST INFECT DIS,I-60021 ANCONA,ITALY. GEN HOSP UMBERTO I TORRETTE,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,I-60020 ANCONA,ITALY. RP MCNEIL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1010 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700047 PM 1572956 ER PT J AU FUCHS, PC BARRY, AL BAKER, C MURRAY, PR WASHINGTON, JA AF FUCHS, PC BARRY, AL BAKER, C MURRAY, PR WASHINGTON, JA TI PROPOSED INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR OFLOXACIN SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A multilaboratory study designed to determine the in vitro susceptibility criteria and quality control parameters for ofloxacin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae was conducted according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Proposed susceptibility breakpoints are MICs of less-than-or-equal-to 0.25-mu-g/ml for the agar dilution test and greater-than-or-equal-to 31 mm for the disk diffusion test. A category for resistance could not be defined. Proposed acceptable quality control MICs for N. gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 range from 0.004 to 0.03-mu-g/ml and 0.25 to 1.0-mu-g/ml, respectively. With 5-mu-g ofloxacin disks, acceptable inhibitory zone diameters for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and the N. gonorrhoeae control strains range from 22 to 27 mm and 43 to 51 mm, respectively. C1 CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,TUALATIN,OR 97062. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON UNIV,BARNES HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP FUCHS, PC (reprint author), ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1024 EP 1026 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HJ487 UT WOS:A1992HJ48700053 PM 1572960 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, FJ FARLEY, TA KELSO, KY WILSON, SA HORAN, JM MCFARLAND, LM AF MAHONEY, FJ FARLEY, TA KELSO, KY WILSON, SA HORAN, JM MCFARLAND, LM TI AN OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-A ASSOCIATED WITH SWIMMING IN A PUBLIC POOL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTEROVIRUS-LIKE ILLNESS; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; RECREATIONAL LAKE; WATER; VIRUS; SHIGELLOSIS; PROPORTIONS; RECOVERY; COUNTY; WELL AB A multistate outbreak of hepatitis A was traced to a campground in Louisiana. Among 822 campers during one weekend, 20 developed hepatitis A. Case-patients ranged in age from 4 to 36 years; the highest attack rate (6.4%) was for children aged 5-9 years. A case-control study revealed that case-patients were more likely than controls to have swum in a public swimming pool on Saturday afternoon (19/19 vs 26/38; odds ratio [OR], undefined; lower 95% confidence limit, 1.7). Case-patients were more likely than controls to have swum in the jacuzzi pool (16/19 vs. 10/26; OR, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-47.1) or adult pool A (19/19 vs. 15/26; OR, undefined; lower 95% confidence limit, 2.6). Case-patients were also more likely to have swum for > 1 h and to have put their heads under the water. Because of the design of the filtering system of adult pool A, a cross-connection between a sewage line and the pool water intake line was possible. This outbreak may have been caused by transmission of hepatitis A through swimming; thus, swimming may serve as a mode of transmission of hepatitis A virus, especially among small children. C1 LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP MAHONEY, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 4 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HJ642 UT WOS:A1992HJ64200001 PM 1552192 ER PT J AU WALTMAN, WD TALKINGTON, DF LIPINSKI, AE CRAIN, MJ DIXON, JMS BRILES, DE AF WALTMAN, WD TALKINGTON, DF LIPINSKI, AE CRAIN, MJ DIXON, JMS BRILES, DE TI EVIDENCE FOR A CLONAL ORIGIN OF RELATIVE PENICILLIN RESISTANCE AMONG TYPE-9L PNEUMOCOCCI IN NORTHWESTERN CANADA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-A; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PSPA; PREVALENCE; SEROTYPES; VACCINE AB The relationships among capsular type, protein type, and penicillin resistance for capsular group 9 Streptococcus pneumoniae collected in northwestern Canada between 1974 and 1987 were examined. The group 9 relatively penicillin-resistant (RPR) isolates were of the rare 9L capsular type. Of 47 penicillin-susceptible (PS) group 9 isolates that were typed for capsule, only 1 was 9L. Among 29 PS group 9 isolates that were protein typed, 9 protein types were observed. Of the 70 RPR isolates, 51 were protein type P23, 1 was P19, and 18 could not be typed (P0). Protein types P23 differed from P0 by a single epitope on pneumococal surface protein A. These results suggest that the Canadian P23 and P0 capsular group 9 isolates are likely subclones of a primordial 9L RPR strain. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL,801 SDB,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALBERTA,EDMONTON T6G 2E1,ALBERTA,CANADA. GEORGIA POULTRY LAB,OAKWOOD,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07051, AI-21548, T32 AI007051]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-17812] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 4 BP 671 EP 675 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HJ642 UT WOS:A1992HJ64200010 PM 1552195 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, FJ HOGE, CW FARLEY, TA BARBAREE, JM BREIMAN, RF BENSON, RF MCFARLAND, LM AF MAHONEY, FJ HOGE, CW FARLEY, TA BARBAREE, JM BREIMAN, RF BENSON, RF MCFARLAND, LM TI COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK OF LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH A GROCERY STORE MIST MACHINE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; COOLING-TOWER; ANTIBODIES AB From 10 October through 13 November 1989, 33 patients were hospitalized with legionnaires' disease in Bogalusa, Louisiana. A case-control study revealed case-patients were more likely than controls to have shopped at grocery store A (93% vs. 52%; odds ratio [OR], 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-78.7) in the 10 days before illness. Among those who shopped at grocery store A, case-patients were more likely to shop for > 30 min (OR, 18.0; CI, 2.0-407.8) and to buy produce items located close to an ultrasonic mist machine (OR, 7.4; CI, 1.3-56.2). Employees of grocery store A were more likely than employees of other grocery stores in Bogalusa to have antibody titers of greater-than-or-equal-to 1:128 to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp-1; relative risk, 2.9; CI, 1.3-6.8). Lp-1 was isolated from water in the reservoir of the mist machine. The monoclonal antibody subtype of the isolate was identical to organisms identified in two patients. Viable Lp-1 was isolated from mist produced by the machine. Aerosols from a grocery store mist machine were the source of this outbreak. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MAHONEY, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 4 BP 736 EP 739 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HJ642 UT WOS:A1992HJ64200022 PM 1552203 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW MOHLEBOETANI, J KOEHLER, J SWAMINATHAN, B BERGER, T WENGER, J REINGOLD, A AF TAPPERO, JW MOHLEBOETANI, J KOEHLER, J SWAMINATHAN, B BERGER, T WENGER, J REINGOLD, A TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,CID,DBMD,MSPB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 567 EP 567 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HL846 UT WOS:A1992HL84600362 ER PT J AU XU, Y SUMMERS, S SWERLICK, R SEPP, N ADES, E CANDAL, F LAWLEY, T AF XU, Y SUMMERS, S SWERLICK, R SEPP, N ADES, E CANDAL, F LAWLEY, T TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HL846 UT WOS:A1992HL84600458 ER PT J AU FAVOROV, MO FIELDS, HA PURDY, MA YASHINA, TL ALEKSANDROV, AG ALTER, MJ YARASHEVA, DM BRADLEY, DW MARGOLIS, HS AF FAVOROV, MO FIELDS, HA PURDY, MA YASHINA, TL ALEKSANDROV, AG ALTER, MJ YARASHEVA, DM BRADLEY, DW MARGOLIS, HS TI SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTIONS IN EPIDEMIC AND ENDEMIC SETTINGS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RECOMBINANT CHIMERIC PROTEIN; SDS-PAGE; ACUTE HEPATITIS NANBNC ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; TRANSMISSION AB Recombinant chimeric protein C2 containing the N-terminal region of trpE (37 kilodaltons [kDa]) and the C-terminal half (46.8 kDa) of the polypeptide encoded by ORF2 of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome was used for the construction of a Western blot diagnostic test for IgG and IgM antibodies to the virus (anti-HEV). (The C2 protein and the trpE protein devoid of C2 activity and used as a control for non-specific reactions were purified by recovery from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] and used for preparation of strips). Specificity of the test was proven with sera obtained from patients with acute hepatitis non-A, non-B, non-C (NANBNC) from outbreaks in different geographic regions of the world. IgG antibodies reactive to the recombinant C2 protein were detected in 93% of patients with acute hepatitis NANBNC and remained detectable in 89-100% of these patients 1-24 months after onset of jaundice. IgM antibodies were detected in 73% of patients within 26 days after onset of jaundice, in 50% 1-4 months after onset, in 6% 6-7 months after onset, and in no patients by 8 months after onset. When this test was used to identify sporadic hepatitis E cases in different regions of the world, such cases were found almost exclusively in areas where outbreaks of the disease had occurred and rarely in any other regions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NAT CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DI IVANOFSKY INST, NATL CTR VIRAL HEPATITIS, DEPT CLIN & DIAGNOST, WHO, MOSCOW, USSR. NR 18 TC 131 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0146-6615 EI 1096-9071 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890360403 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA HL082 UT WOS:A1992HL08200002 PM 1578218 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, CR MITRA, R HYAMS, K BRODINE, SK LAL, RB AF ROBERTS, CR MITRA, R HYAMS, K BRODINE, SK LAL, RB TI SEROLOGIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC-T VIRUS TYPE-I FROM TYPE-II INFECTION BY SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE IMMUNOASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SELECT-HTLV; SYNTHEIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID HTLV-II AB Synthetic peptide-based serologic assays (Select-HTLV and SynthEIA) that distinguish the closely related human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) were tested blindly for their ability to correctly identify infection caused by either virus type. Of 57 HTLV-I and 38 HTLV-II specimens from individuals whose infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, the Select-HTLV assay categorized 56 (98%) as HTLV-I, 36 (95%) as HTLV-II, and 3 (3%) as nontypeable. Similarly, the SynthEIA assay categorized 54 (95%) as HTLV-I, 29 (76%) as HTLV-II, and 12 (13%) as nontypeable. More importantly, no specimen was wrongly classified by either assay (100% specificity). Further, analysis of serial specimens from six patients also demonstrated concordant results with the PCR findings. Our results suggest that serotyping of HTLV infections can be achieved reliably by these peptide assays, thus the need for technically complex PCR-based HTLV typing, while not eliminated, can be greatly reduced. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT DIAGNOST RETROVIROL,DIV RETROVIROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. SRA TECHNOL INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USN HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 4 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890360412 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA HL082 UT WOS:A1992HL08200011 PM 1578221 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE SCHWARTZ, IK SKINNER, JC MORRIS, C FILIPSKI, VK AF COLLINS, WE SCHWARTZ, IK SKINNER, JC MORRIS, C FILIPSKI, VK TI THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE INDONESIAN I/CDC STRAIN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX TO CHLOROQUINE SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS MONKEYS; FALCIPARUM; INFECTIONS AB A strain of Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia was adapted to splenectomized Aotus and Saimiri monkeys and tested for its susceptibility to chloroquine. Animals were infected by intravenous inoculation of heparinized parasitized blood and subsequently treated with 8 or 15 mg (base) of chloroquine by oral intubation. Recrudescence of infection occurred in 4 of 4 Aotus and 5 of 6 Saimiri monkeys treated with 15 mg base of chloroquine, indicating a level of resistance between that of the standard Chesson strain of P. vivax and the recently reported resistant strains from Papua New Guinea. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 78 IS 2 BP 344 EP 349 DI 10.2307/3283486 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HM462 UT WOS:A1992HM46200020 PM 1556649 ER PT J AU KOLBE, LJ AF KOLBE, LJ TI THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT IN PROMOTING HEALTH THROUGH THE SCHOOLS - REPORT FROM THE DIVISION OF ADOLESCENT AND SCHOOL-HEALTH, CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP KOLBE, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 4 BP 135 EP 137 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HZ497 UT WOS:A1992HZ49700009 PM 1324382 ER PT J AU UHAA, IJ MANDEL, EJ WHITEWAY, R FISHBEIN, DB AF UHAA, IJ MANDEL, EJ WHITEWAY, R FISHBEIN, DB TI RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1990 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In 1990, the United States and its territories reported 4,881 cases of rabies in animals to the Centers for Disease Control, a 1.5% increase from 1989. Of these, 553 were domestic animals, 4,327 were wild animals, and one was a human being. Pennsylvania reported the highest number (611) of rabies cases in animals in 1990. For the first time since surveillance of rabies in wild animals was begun in the 1950s, the number of cases of rabies in raccoons exceeded that in skunks. Particularly large increases of cases of rabies in wild and domestic animals were reported in New Jersey (469 cases in 1990 compared with 50 cases in 1989, an increase of 838% from 1989) and New York (242 cases in 1990 compared with 54 cases in 1989, an increase of 348%). The 1,821 cases of rabies in raccoons represented a 17.9% increase over those reported in 1989 and 24.5% over those in 1988. This increase was largely attributable to the larger number of rabid raccoons in New Jersey and New York. Other states that reported an increased number of rabies cases in animals in 1990 included Utah (77.8%), Louisiana (64.7%), North Dakota (60.3%), Arizona (28.6%), Oklahoma (27.5%), Delaware (22.2%), and Maryland (20.6%). Thirty states reported a decrease in the number of cases of rabies in animals. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH VET MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BIOMET UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP UHAA, IJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 7 BP 920 EP 927 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HL658 UT WOS:A1992HL65800006 PM 1577642 ER PT J AU BROGDON, WG BEACH, RF BARBER, AM CORDONROSALES, C AF BROGDON, WG BEACH, RF BARBER, AM CORDONROSALES, C TI A GENERALIZED-APPROACH TO DETECTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE IN MOSQUITOS SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; AN-STEPHENSI; MALATHION; FENITROTHION; ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE; BIOASSAY; ENZYME-SPECIFIC ASSAY; MICROTIRE PLATE ASSAY; RESISTANCE DETECTION; MALARIA CONTROL AB Insecticide bioassays and biochemical microtitre assays were compared for detection of resistance to the organophosphate insecticides malathion and fenitrothion, using inbred laboratory strains of malaria vectors Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, An.arabiensis Patton and An.stephensi Liston. With susceptible mosquitoes, the LT100 values determined from bioassays corresponded closely with times taken to abolish the activity of acetylcholinesterase activity in biochemical assays: approximately 2 h for malathion and 3 h for fenitrothion. Resistant strains of all three anophelines showed longer survival correlated with prolonged acetylcholinesterase activity. An.albimanus strains with insensitive acetylcholinesterase survived bioassays with discriminating doses of 1 h exposure to 5% malathion or 1% fenitrothion and were judged as resistant. It is concluded that enzyme-specific microassays provide a reliable means of detecting resistant individuals, with practical advantages over bioassays which do not reveal the resistance mechanism and require large numbers of healthy mosquitoes. RP BROGDON, WG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1992.tb00585.x PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JD326 UT WOS:A1992JD32600004 PM 1421479 ER PT J AU STROCKBINE, NA FARUQUE, SM KAY, BA HAIDER, K ALAM, K ALAM, AN TZIPORI, S WACHSMUTH, IK AF STROCKBINE, NA FARUQUE, SM KAY, BA HAIDER, K ALAM, K ALAM, AN TZIPORI, S WACHSMUTH, IK TI DNA PROBE ANALYSIS OF DIARRHEOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI - DETECTION OF EAF-POSITIVE ISOLATES OF TRADITIONAL ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPES AMONG BANGLADESHI PEDIATRIC DIARRHEA PATIENTS SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE DIARRHEOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI (EPEC); ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI (ETEC); DNA PROBES; DIARRHEA IN BANGLADESHI CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE ID COLONY HYBRIDIZATION; GENES; SHIGELLA; CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR VACCINE DEV,SCH MED,DIV GEOG MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP STROCKBINE, NA (reprint author), INT CTR DIARRHOEL DIS RES,GPO BOX 128,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0890-8508(92)90052-Y PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA HN355 UT WOS:A1992HN35500002 PM 1513347 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA BOENIGER, M WALKER, JT SCHOBER, SE PEREIRA, MA GULATI, DK WOJCIECHOWSKI, JP GARZA, A FROELICH, R STRAUSS, G HALPERIN, WE HERRICK, R GRIFFITH, J AF SCHULTE, PA BOENIGER, M WALKER, JT SCHOBER, SE PEREIRA, MA GULATI, DK WOJCIECHOWSKI, JP GARZA, A FROELICH, R STRAUSS, G HALPERIN, WE HERRICK, R GRIFFITH, J TI BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN HOSPITAL WORKERS EXPOSED TO LOW-LEVELS OF ETHYLENE-OXIDE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE OXIDE; BIOLOGIC MARKERS ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES; INHALATION; MICRONUCLEI; MORTALITY; INDUCTION; CELLS AB Operators of hospital sterilizers that use ethylene oxide were studied to determine if there was a relationship between exposure and a battery of biological markers. A total of 73 workers from nine hospitals in the United States (U.S.) and one hospital in Mexico City was evaluated for ethylene oxide exposure during four months prior to collection of peripheral blood. The frequency of hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.0006) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) (p = 0.002) increased with cumulative exposure to ethylene oxide in U.S. subjects when controlling by regression analysis for various confounding factors, including cigarette smoking. Hemoglobin adducts, but not SCEs, were also increased in Mexican subjects (p = 0.0012). Chromosomal micronuclei showed no consistent relationship with exposure. The U.S. study participants were classified by four-month cumulative exposure levels of 0 ppm-h (n = 8), greater than 0 to 32 ppm-h (n = 32) and greater than 32 ppm-h (n = 11) of ethylene oxide exposure. The group with an exposure of greater than 32 ppm-h had an increased frequency of hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.002) and SCEs (p = 0.0001) compared to the nonexposed group. The estimated mean of the 8-h time-weighted average (8-h TWA) exposure levels for the highest U.S. exposure group (> 32 ppm-h) was 0.16 +/- 0.007 ppm (mean +/- SD). A similar exposure-related differential was observed in the Mexican subjects for hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.04) but not for SCEs. The latter finding may have been due to longer shipping times for the specimens in the cytogenetic assays. The estimated mean of the 8-h TWA exposure levels for the highest Mexican exposure group (> 32 ppm-h) was 0.48 +/- 0.08 ppm, This study is the third to suggest that exposures less than the U.S. OSHA standard of 1 ppm 8-h TWA result in biochemical and biologic changes. It is not known whether these changes may be indicative of increased risk of disease; however, they do appear to reflect exposure to relatively low levels of ethylene oxide. The exact meaning of these changes is unknown. C1 NIDA,LEXINGTON,KY 40583. ENVIRONM HLTH RES & TESTING INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS R42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD APR PY 1992 VL 278 IS 4 BP 237 EP 251 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA HN037 UT WOS:A1992HN03700003 PM 1373860 ER PT J AU SWEENEY, PA ONORATO, IM ALLEN, DM BYERS, RH AF SWEENEY, PA ONORATO, IM ALLEN, DM BYERS, RH TI SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN WOMEN SEEKING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH-SERVICES IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1988-1989 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; HIV INFECTION; PREGNANCY; KNOWLEDGE; DECISIONS; CONTINUE AB Cases of AIDS among women of reproductive age have increased dramatically since 1981; nearly a third of all cases among females were reported in 1990 alone. Surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women is essential for monitoring the spread of HIV over time and identifying specific populations and geographic areas in need of HIV counseling, testing, and prevention services. Blinded (unlinked) serologic surveys were conducted in the United States and Puerto Rico in sentinel clinics providing reproductive health services to women, including family planning, prenatal care, and abortion services. Seventy-eight of 94 clinics (83%) in 30 cities conducting surveys during 1988 and 1989 detected at least one HIV-positive woman. Clinic-specific prevalence ranged from 0-2.28% (median 0.22%), with rates over 1% occurring in clinics predominantly on the East Coast and in Puerto Rico. Seroprevalence varied by primary type of service, race-ethnicity, and age group. Median rates were higher in clinics offering prenatal services and lower in abortion and family planning clinics in the same cities. In general, women 25-29 years of age showed the highest median rate of infection (0.32%), and rates were higher among black women (median 0.34%) than among Hispanic (median 0.11%) and white women (median 0%). Our data indicate the need to educate women about recognizing and reducing their risk of HIV infection. Reproductive health clinics with high seroprevalence should implement voluntary HIV counseling and testing with appropriate follow-up clinical evaluation and referral for infected women. Clinics with low prevalence should seize the opportunity to enhance HIV education and prevention efforts. RP SWEENEY, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-46,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 1992 VL 79 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA HL511 UT WOS:A1992HL51100005 PM 1553166 ER PT J AU FARIZO, KM STEHRGREEN, PA MARKOWITZ, LE PATRIARCA, PA AF FARIZO, KM STEHRGREEN, PA MARKOWITZ, LE PATRIARCA, PA TI VACCINATION LEVELS AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEASLES VACCINATION - A RECORD AUDIT IN A PUBLIC PEDIATRIC-CLINIC SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES AB A record audit of 254 children attending a public clinic in Los Angeles was conducted to assess immunization levels prior to a measles outbreak in the community. Coverage with all vaccines appropriate for age decreased from 67% at 3 months to 25% at 19 months. Delay in initiating vaccination was associated with increasing risk for delayed measles-mumps-rubella vaccine beyond age 2 years (P < .05). In one third of children, health care providers missed an opportunity to administer measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Recall systems and elimination of missed opportunities may increase vaccination levels in clinic populations. Record audits should be considered for use in guiding the management of immunization programs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,TECH INFORMAT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1992 VL 89 IS 4 BP 589 EP 592 PN 1 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HM251 UT WOS:A1992HM25100002 PM 1557235 ER PT J AU YEARGINALLSOPP, M MURPHY, CC OAKLEY, GP SIKES, RK AF YEARGINALLSOPP, M MURPHY, CC OAKLEY, GP SIKES, RK TI A MULTIPLE-SOURCE METHOD FOR STUDYING THE PREVALENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES IN CHILDREN - THE METROPOLITAN ATLANTA DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES STUDY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BLINDNESS; CEREBRAL PALSY; DEAFNESS; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY; HANDICAP; MENTAL RETARDATION; PREVALENCE STUDIES ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; CEREBRAL-PALSY; HANDICAPS; TRENDS; AGE AB The Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study is the first US, population-based epidemiologic study of the prevalence of mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, and visual impairment among school-age children. The study population consisted of children who were 10 years of age between 1985 and 1987 and whose mothers were residents of the five Georgia countries of Clayton, Cobb, DeKalb, Fulton, and Gwinnett at the time of the child's birth. Since children with developmental diabilities are identified by and receive services from various health, social service, and education systems, a multiple-source case identification method was used. This study is unique in that individual school records were used to identify children with the four disabilities. Use of a multiple-source method made it possible to confirm specific conditions and to classify subtypes of disabilities. About 95% of the children with one or more of these four disabilities were initially identified through the school systems. This approach is much less costly than conducting medical and psychologic assessments on populations of children. In addition, this method made it possible to estimate accurately the "administrative prevalence" of these disabilities (ie, the number of children previously identified with these disabilities for the purpose of providing services). The prevalence rates found in this study, per 1000 10-year-old children, were as follows: mental retardation, 10.3; cerebral palsy, 2.0; hearing impairment, 1.0; and visual impairment, 0.6. This population-based method for surveillance of developmental disabilities can be useful to those who seek to judge the effectiveness of prevention strategies for these conditions, to those who need to plan for services for persons with these conditions, and to those who conduct epidemiologic studies searching for environmental and other causes of these conditions. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP YEARGINALLSOPP, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,MS F-37,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 59 TC 119 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1992 VL 89 IS 4 BP 624 EP 630 PN 1 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HM251 UT WOS:A1992HM25100009 PM 1372970 ER PT J AU PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMAR, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR AF PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMAR, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR TI GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV)-INFECTED CHILDREN AND THEIR FOSTER FAMILIES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INCUBATION PERIODS; TRANSMISSION; INFANTS; TYPE-1; WOMEN RP PLOTKIN, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1992 VL 89 IS 4 BP 681 EP 683 PN 1 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HM251 UT WOS:A1992HM25100024 ER PT J AU MCELVAINE, MD DEUNGRIA, EG MATTE, TD COPLEY, CG BINDER, S AF MCELVAINE, MD DEUNGRIA, EG MATTE, TD COPLEY, CG BINDER, S TI PREVALENCE OF RADIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF PAINT CHIP INGESTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE LEAD-POISONING, ST-LOUIS, MISSOURI, 1989 THROUGH 1990 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE LEAD POISONING; LEAD PAINT; RADIOGRAPH AB Although experts once believed that ingesting chips of lead-based paint was the major cause of lead poisoning among children, conventional wisdom now holds that lead-contaminated dust and soil are the major routes of exposure. Data from a childhood lead-poisoning treatment clinic were examined to assess the frequency with which children ingest paint chips. For this study, the reports on abdominal radiographs of 90 children with moderate to severe lead poisoning who had received their first chelation treatment during 1989 or 1990 were reviewed. According to a radiologist's evaluation, 13 of 90 abdominal radiographs (14%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7% to 22%) showed evidence of paint chip ingestion. Of 46 children with blood lead levels greater-than-or-equal-to 55-mu-g/dL, 12 (26%) had radiographs that showed paint chips, whereas only 1 (2%) of 44 children with blood lead levels < 55-mu-g/dL had such radiographs (prevalence ratio = 11.5; 95% CI 1.6 to 84.6). The actual proportion of children with moderate to severe lead poisoning who have consumed leaded-paint chips is likely to be higher than this estimate based on radiographic evidence. While lead-contaminated dust is a major source of lead exposure, ingestion of leaded-paint chips clearly remains an important source of exposure among children with moderate to severe lead poisoning. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST LOUIS DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DIV HLTH,ST LOUIS,MO. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1992 VL 89 IS 4 BP 740 EP 742 PN 2 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HM253 UT WOS:A1992HM25300010 PM 1557271 ER PT J AU LONGINI, IM BYERS, RH HESSOL, NA TAN, WY AF LONGINI, IM BYERS, RH HESSOL, NA TAN, WY TI ESTIMATING THE STAGE-SPECIFIC NUMBERS OF HIV-INFECTION USING A MARKOV MODEL AND BACK-CALCULATION SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO; AIDS EPIDEMIC; PROJECTIONS; COHORT; SIZE AB The back-calculation method has been used to estimate the number of HIV infections from AIDS incidence data in a particular population. We present an extension of back calculation that provides estimates of the numbers of HIV infectives in different stages of infection. We model the staging process with a time-dependent Markov process that partitions the HIV infectious period into the following progressive stages and/or substages: stage 1, infected but antibody negative; substages 2-3; antibody positive but asymptomatic; substages 4-6, pre-AIDS symptoms and/or abnormal haematologic indicator; stage 7, clinical AIDS. We also model an eighth stage, deceased due to AIDS. The model allows for time-dependent treatment effects that slow the rate of progression in substages 4-7. We use the estimated AIDS incubation period distribution from the Markov model in back calculation from AIDS incidence data to estimate the total number of HIV infections and the parameters of the infection probability distribution. We then use these estimates in the Markov model to estimate the stage-specific numbers of HIV infections over the course of the epidemic in the population under study. Example calculations employ data for the HIV epidemic in San Francisco City Clinic Cohort. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94103. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP LONGINI, IM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD APR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 831 EP 843 DI 10.1002/sim.4780110612 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA HU098 UT WOS:A1992HU09800010 PM 1594820 ER PT J AU MUHLBERGER, E SANCHEZ, A RANDOLF, A WILL, C KILEY, MP KLENK, HD FELDMANN, H AF MUHLBERGER, E SANCHEZ, A RANDOLF, A WILL, C KILEY, MP KLENK, HD FELDMANN, H TI THE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE L-GENE OF MARBURG VIRUS, A FILOVIRUS - HOMOLOGIES WITH PARAMYXOVIRUSES AND RHABDOVIRUSES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; STRAND RNA VIRUSES; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; EBOLA VIRUS; CONSERVED DOMAINS; L-PROTEINS; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; LEADER RNA; GENOME RNA C1 UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 49 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR PY 1992 VL 187 IS 2 BP 534 EP 547 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90456-Y PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA HH591 UT WOS:A1992HH59100017 PM 1546452 ER PT J AU FRY, KE TAM, AW SMITH, MM KIM, JP LUK, KC YOUNG, LM PIATAK, M FELDMAN, RA YUN, KY PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA BRADLEY, DW REYES, GR AF FRY, KE TAM, AW SMITH, MM KIM, JP LUK, KC YOUNG, LM PIATAK, M FELDMAN, RA YUN, KY PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA BRADLEY, DW REYES, GR TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS (HEV) - STRAIN VARIATION IN THE NONSTRUCTURAL GENE REGION ENCODING CONSENSUS MOTIFS FOR AN RNA-DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE AND AN ATP GTP BINDING-SITE SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E; NONSTRUCTURAL GENES; HELICASE; VIRAL HETEROGENEITY; ENTERICALLY-TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POST-TRANSFUSION; EPIDEMIC; DISTINCT; RECOVERY; PROTEINS; ETIOLOGY; SUBUNITS AB Hepatitis is transmitted by a number of infectious agents. The epidemiological characterization of waterborne or enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is unique when compared with other known hepatitides. We have reported on the molecular cloning of a cDNA clone derived from the etiologic agent associated with ET-NANBH, the hepatitis E virus (HEV). The complete sequence of these first molecular clones, isolated from an HEV-infected human after passage in Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus macaques), illustrates a distant relationship to other known positive-strand RNA viruses of plants and animals. The translated major open reading frame (ORF-1) from these clones indicates that this portion of the genome encodes a polyprotein with consensus sequences found in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and ATP/GTP binding domains. The latter activity has been associated with putative helicases of positive-strand RNA viruses. These viral-encoded enzymatic activities identify this region and ORF-I as containing at least two different nonstructural genes involved in HEV replication. Molecular clones obtained from two other geographically distinct HEV isolates demonstrated sequence heterogeneity in this nonstructural gene region. Further study will be required to elucidate the pathogenic significance (if any) of this observed divergence in the nonstructural region. C1 GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD APR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1007/BF01703066 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA HZ108 UT WOS:A1992HZ10800007 PM 1589964 ER PT J AU SUN, RKP AF SUN, RKP TI THE LAY PRESS IN THE TRANSMISSION OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SUN, RKP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 26 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 13 BP 896 EP 896 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HK523 UT WOS:A1992HK52300028 PM 1542338 ER PT J AU SCHOMER, K DOUGLAS, JM COHN, DL JUDSON, FN ROMAN, R BELL, E ONG, KR TAYLOR, F YUAN, L YAFFE, B KENDALL, P REMIS, RS BEDARD, L DION, R MANNING, W STOKES, M STEWART, T AF SCHOMER, K DOUGLAS, JM COHN, DL JUDSON, FN ROMAN, R BELL, E ONG, KR TAYLOR, F YUAN, L YAFFE, B KENDALL, P REMIS, RS BEDARD, L DION, R MANNING, W STOKES, M STEWART, T TI HEPATITIS-A AMONG HOMOSEXUAL MEN - UNITED-STATES, CANADA, AND AUSTRALIA (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 161-164, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION; RISK C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,COMMISS DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY 10013. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. TORONTO DEPT PUBL HLTH,TORONTO,ONTARIO,CANADA. ASSOC COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,MONTREAL,QUEBEC,CANADA. NEW S WALES HLTH DEPT,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. MACFARLANE BURNET CTR MED RES,MELBOURNE,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHOMER, K (reprint author), DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 12 BP 1587 EP 1588 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HJ597 UT WOS:A1992HJ59700008 ER PT J AU SOSIN, DM SACKS, JJ AF SOSIN, DM SACKS, JJ TI MOTORCYCLE HELMET-USE LAWS AND HEAD-INJURY PREVENTION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FATALITIES AB Objective. - To rebut criticism of a previous study of motorcycle helmet-use laws through reanalysis with improved measures of exposure, stratification for regional differences in crash risk, and addressing of total motorcycle-related mortality and the grounds for targeting motorcyclists for helmet-use laws. Design. - Death certificate-based correlational study of motorcycle-related deaths and motorcycle helmet-use laws. Population Studied. - United States resident deaths from 1979 through 1986. Results. - Regardless of the denominator used (resident population, motorcycle registrations, or motorcycle crashes), states with full helmet-use laws had consistently lower head injury-associated death rates than states without such laws, even when stratified by region. Total motorcycle-related mortality, however, was similar between law groups. On a registration or crash basis, motorcyclists who died in crashes had a fivefold to sixfold higher risk of head injury than those who died using any other type of motor vehicle. Conclusion. - Full helmet-use laws were consistently associated with lower rates of head injury-associated death. While disagreement remains on the acceptability of the legislative approach, the scientific basis for motorcycle helmet-use laws as a head injury prevention tool appears sound. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 12 BP 1649 EP 1651 DI 10.1001/jama.267.12.1649 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HJ597 UT WOS:A1992HJ59700033 PM 1542175 ER PT J AU COOPER, GR MYERS, GL SMITH, SJ SCHLANT, RC AF COOPER, GR MYERS, GL SMITH, SJ SCHLANT, RC TI BLOOD LIPID MEASUREMENTS - VARIATIONS AND PRACTICAL UTILITY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PRIMARY-PREVENTION TRIAL; RAISED ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; VLDL TRIGLYCERIDE KINETICS; COLESTIPOL-NIACIN THERAPY; ASSOCIATION STEP-1 DIET; COMBINED DRUG REGIMENS AB Objective. - To describe the magnitude and impact of the major biological and analytical sources of variation in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels on risk of coronary heart disease; to present a way to qualitatively estimate the total intraindividual variation; and to demonstrate how to determine the number of specimens required to estimate, with 95% confidence, the 'true" underlying total cholesterol value in the serum of a patient. Data Sources. - Representative references on each source of variation were selected from more than 300 reviewed publications, most published within the past 5 years, to document current findings and concepts. Most articles reviewed were in English. Study Selections. - Studies on biological sources of variation were selected using the following criteria: representative of published findings, clear statement of either significant or insignificant results, and acquisition of clinical and laboratory data under standardized conditions. Representative results for special populations such as women and children are reported when results differ from those of adult men. Data Extraction. - References were selected based on acceptable experimental design and use of standardized laboratory lipid measurements. Data Synthesis. - The lipid levels considered representative for a selected source of variation arose from quantitative measurements by a suitably standardized laboratory. Statistical analysis of data was examined to assure reliability. The proposed method of estimating the biological coefficient of variation must be considered to give qualitative results, because only two or three serial specimens are collected in most cases for the estimation. Conclusions. - Concern has arisen about the magnitude, impact, and interpretation of preanalytical as well as analytical sources of variation on reported results of lipid measurements of an individual. Preanalytical sources of variation from behavioral, clinical, and sampling sources constitute about 60% of the total variation in a reported lipid measurement of an individual. A technique is presented to allow physicians to qualitatively estimate the intraindividual biological variation of a patient from the results of two or more specimens reported from a standardized laboratory and to determine whether additional specimens are needed to meet the National Cholesterol Education Program recommendation that the intraindividual serum total cholesterol coefficient of variation not exceed 5.0. A National Reference Method Network has been established to help solve analytical problems. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 100 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 12 BP 1652 EP 1660 DI 10.1001/jama.267.12.1652 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HJ597 UT WOS:A1992HJ59700034 PM 1542176 ER PT J AU KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K TANAKA, N ARAKI, T PATTERSON, DG AF KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K TANAKA, N ARAKI, T PATTERSON, DG TI PREPARATION OF NITROPHENYLETHYLSILYLATED SILICA-GEL AND ITS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES IN THE SEPARATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; STATIONARY PHASES; PERFORMANCE; ISOMERS; IDENTIFICATION; SELECTIVITY; DERIVATIVES; COLUMNS AB Nitrophenylethylsilylated (NPE) silica gel was prepared from phenylethylsilylated silica gel by direct nitration, and its chromatographic properties were compared with those of C-18 and pyrenylethyl (PYE) bonded phase in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The NPE phase showed preferential retention for aromatic compounds, especially for those with dipolar character. In contrast, PYE phase showed preferential retention for symmetrically substituted aromatic compounds. The combination of NPE and PYE phases provided the selectivity required for the separation of isomers of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, namely polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). The two stationary phases, having aromatic functionalities of opposite nature, also provided the possibility of structural assignment of PCDD isomers based on the chromatographic retention on the two phases. C1 KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,TOXICOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAR 20 PY 1992 VL 595 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85148-M PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HM930 UT WOS:A1992HM93000005 ER PT J AU MAGILL, AJ GASSER, RA OSTER, CN GROGL, M SUN, W AF MAGILL, AJ GASSER, RA OSTER, CN GROGL, M SUN, W TI VISCEROTROPIC LEISHMANIASIS IN PERSONS RETURNING FROM OPERATION-DESERT-STORM 1990-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY, VOL 41, PG 131-134, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; REGION C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV EXPTL THERAPEUT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WILLIAM BEAUMONT ARMY MED CTR,INFECT DIS SERV,EL PASO,TX 79920. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MAGILL, AJ (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,INFECT DIS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 18 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1446 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH488 UT WOS:A1992HH48800006 ER PT J AU MASCOLA, L TORMEY, M EWERT, D FANNIN, S PRENDERGAST, T MEYERS, H GINSBERG, M TAYLOR, F ABBOTT, S WERNER, SB RUTHERFORD, GW RAVENHOLT, O EMPEY, L KWALICK, D SALCIDO, R BRUS, D AF MASCOLA, L TORMEY, M EWERT, D FANNIN, S PRENDERGAST, T MEYERS, H GINSBERG, M TAYLOR, F ABBOTT, S WERNER, SB RUTHERFORD, GW RAVENHOLT, O EMPEY, L KWALICK, D SALCIDO, R BRUS, D TI CHOLERA ASSOCIATED WITH AN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE FLIGHT, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 134-135, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN BERNADINO CTY HLTH DEPT,SAN BERNARDINO,CA. ORANGE CTY HLTH CARE AGCY,SANTA ANA,CA. SAN DIEGO DEPT HLTH,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,INFECT DIS BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MASCOLA, L (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 18 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1444 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH488 UT WOS:A1992HH48800005 ER PT J AU PAGE, C CRISPO, N BIRKHEAD, GS DRABKIN, P KONDRACKI, S MORSE, DL AF PAGE, C CRISPO, N BIRKHEAD, GS DRABKIN, P KONDRACKI, S MORSE, DL TI OUTBREAK OF INFLUENZA-A IN A NURSING-HOME - NEW-YORK, DECEMBER 1991 JANUARY 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 129-131, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PREVENTION C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PAGE, C (reprint author), RENSSELAER CTY HLTH DEPT,RENSSELAER,NY 12144, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 18 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 11 BP 1446 EP 1446 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH488 UT WOS:A1992HH48800007 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL RIES, AA AF SWERDLOW, DL RIES, AA TI CHOLERA IN THE AMERICA - GUIDELINES FOR THE CLINICIAN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; UNITED-STATES; EMERGENCE; RESISTANT; TRAVELERS; EPIDEMIC; DIARRHEA RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 18 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 11 BP 1495 EP 1499 DI 10.1001/jama.267.11.1495 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH488 UT WOS:A1992HH48800030 PM 1371570 ER PT J AU PEPOSE, JS FLOWERS, B STEWART, JA GROSE, C LEVY, DS CULBERTSON, WW KREIGER, AE AF PEPOSE, JS FLOWERS, B STEWART, JA GROSE, C LEVY, DS CULBERTSON, WW KREIGER, AE TI HERPESVIRUS ANTIBODY-LEVELS IN THE ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF THE ACUTE RETINAL NECROSIS SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; SIMPLEX VIRUS; AQUEOUS-HUMOR; ANTIGENS; TYPE-1; VITRECTOMY; DERMATITIS; INFECTION; DNA AB Quantitative antibody levels to three herpesviruses in acute and chronic sera from six patients with clinical signs of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were consistent with a specific etiologic diagnosis only in the two cases associated with cutaneous herpes zoster. Available data on acute and convalescent antibody titers to herpes group viruses from these six patients in addition to data from 27 acute retinal necrosis cases from the literature disclosed that only 13 of the 33 patients (39%) had a diagnostic increase or decrease in herpes group viral antibody levels on serial sampling. Three patients had nondiagnostic changes in viral antibody levels despite positive vitreous cultures for herpesviruses. In contrast, a review of 25 cases from the literature with paired antiviral serum and intraocular fluid antibody levels suggested a more promising approach to the etiologic diagnosis of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. By calculating the ratio of antiviral antibodies in intraocular fluid and serum, an etiologic diagnosis could be made in 12 of 14 (86%) of subacute and convalescent samples. The sensitivity of this method decreased to 72% (13 of 18) when fluids were obtained earlier in the course of the disease. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PEDIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,BASCOM PALMER EYE INST,MIAMI,FL 33152. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,JULES STEIN EYE INST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP PEPOSE, JS (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL & VISUAL SCI,BOX 8096,660 S EUCLID AVE,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08143]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI22795] NR 51 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 113 IS 3 BP 248 EP 256 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA HG922 UT WOS:A1992HG92200003 PM 1311902 ER PT J AU MCDIVITT, RW STEVENS, JA LEE, NC WINGO, PA RUBIN, GL GERSELL, D AF MCDIVITT, RW STEVENS, JA LEE, NC WINGO, PA RUBIN, GL GERSELL, D TI HISTOLOGIC TYPES OF BENIGN BREAST DISEASE AND THE RISK FOR BREAST-CANCER SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE; WOMEN AB Specific histologic types of benign breast disease (BBD) may increase breast cancer risk. The authors analyzed data from a population-based, case-control study of women aged 20 to 54 with newly diagnosed breast cancer and control subjects randomly selected from the general population. A panel of pathologists classified the histologic findings of biopsy slides for 433 women with breast cancer and 261 control subjects, all of whom had a history of biopsy for BBD, as to the presence of epithelial hyperplasia, atypia, and other histologic features. When compared with women who had never had a breast biopsy, women with BBD without hyperplasia had an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence limits [CL] 1.3 to 1.9), women with hyperplasia without atypia had an odds ratio of 1.8 (CL = 1.3, 2.4), and women with hyperplasia and atypia had an odds ratio of 2.6 (CL = 1.6, 4.1). Fibroadenoma was an independent risk factor for breast cancer (odds ratio = 1.7; CL = 1.1, 2.5). These findings suggest that women with BBD with epithelial hyperplasia either with or without atypia and women with fibroadenoma should be monitored carefully because of their elevated risk for breast cancer. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW S WALES DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,SYDNEY,AUSTRALIA. RP MCDIVITT, RW (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ANAT PATHOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 21 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 15 PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1414 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19920315)69:6<1408::AID-CNCR2820690617>3.0.CO;2-C PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HJ372 UT WOS:A1992HJ37200016 PM 1540878 ER PT J AU DARROW, WW PETERMAN, TA JAFFE, HW ROGERS, MF CURRAN, JW BERAL, V AF DARROW, WW PETERMAN, TA JAFFE, HW ROGERS, MF CURRAN, JW BERAL, V TI KAPOSIS-SARCOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FECES SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; NATIONAL CASE-CONTROL; HOMOSEXUAL MEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV OXFORD,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP DARROW, WW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 14 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8794 BP 685 EP 685 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90851-S PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH743 UT WOS:A1992HH74300053 PM 1347380 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA FRIEDMANKIEN, AE JAFFE, HW BERAL, V AF PETERMAN, TA FRIEDMANKIEN, AE JAFFE, HW BERAL, V TI KAPOSIS-SARCOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FECES SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL & MICROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV OXFORD,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 14 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8794 BP 685 EP 686 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH743 UT WOS:A1992HH74300054 PM 1347381 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS LAZO, A YEE, JY BLAKESLEE, JR MATHES, LE BROWN, BG LAIRMORE, MD AF DEZZUTTI, CS LAZO, A YEE, JY BLAKESLEE, JR MATHES, LE BROWN, BG LAIRMORE, MD TI DETECTION OF SIMIAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID NON-HUMAN PRIMATES; CELL LEUKEMIA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; D RETROVIRUS; HTLV-I; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY; JAPANESE MONKEYS; STLV-I; ANTIBODIES; MACAQUES AB To develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of simian T-lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) infection, cell lines or peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 2 non-human primate species [African green monkeys (AGM), Cercopithecus aethiops; baboon, Papio cynocephalus] were evaluated for their STLV-I status using oligonucleotide primer pairs and probes specific for the tax and pol gene regions of the closely related human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). These PCR results were compared with serologic (Western blot assay) and viral culture (p24-antigen capture assay) data. PCR products for both gene regions were detected in established baboon, Japanese macaque and rhesus macaque STLV-I-producing cell lines. STLV-I tax and pol products were also detected in PBMC from 4 of 4 infected AGM and 4 of 4 infected baboons, each of which were also Western-blot-positive and p24-antigen-capture-positive. Of the remaining AGM (n = 7) and baboon (n = 1) which were PCR-negative, each was also Western-blot-negative and p24-antigen-capture-negative. Two seronegative and virus-culture-negative AGM were classified as PCR indeterminate with weak reactivity using tax primers. These primer pairs failed to amplify DNA from uninfected human PBMC, an uninfected human lymphoid cell line, a simian immunodeficiency virus macaque (SIV(mac)251)-infected cell line and a simian-retrovirus-type-D(SRV-D)-infected cell line. HTLV-II-pol-specific primer pairs failed to amplify DNA from STLV-I-infected cell lines and PBMC from STLV-I-infected monkeys. Further, HTLV-I pol and tax primer pairs successfully amplified RNA from HTLV-I- and STLV-I-infected cell lines by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. We have demonstrated excellent specificity in the detection of STLV-I by PCR using these HTLV-I-derived primers and probes. Additionally, our data suggest that the tax and pol gene regions are conserved between HTLV-I and STLV-I strains found among these diverse species of non-human primates. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET ANAT & CELLULAR BIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR RETROVIRUS RES,COLUMBUS,OH. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MED PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DEZZUTTI, CS (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,1925 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 40714] NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAR 12 PY 1992 VL 50 IS 5 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910500524 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HJ376 UT WOS:A1992HJ37600023 PM 1312066 ER PT J AU POLISH, LB SHAPIRO, CN BAUER, F KLOTZ, P GINIER, P ROBERTO, RR MARGOLIS, HS ALTER, MJ AF POLISH, LB SHAPIRO, CN BAUER, F KLOTZ, P GINIER, P ROBERTO, RR MARGOLIS, HS ALTER, MJ TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF A SPRING-LOADED FINGERSTICK DEVICE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK; HEMODIALYSIS UNIT; ANTIGEN AB Background and Methods. From June 1989 through March 1990, 26 patients, of whom 23 had diabetes, contracted acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a hospital in California. All 26 patients and one HBV carrier (also a diabetic) had been admitted to a single medical ward during the six months before the case patients became infected with HBV. To determine the source of the infection, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of the 72 patients with diabetes who had been admitted to the ward from January through December 1989 and a case-control study comparing the 3 nondiabetic patients who contracted hepatitis with 20 nondiabetic controls. Results. The retrospective cohort study of all the patients with diabetes who were admitted to the ward during 1989 found that those who underwent capillary blood sampling by finger stick with a spring-loaded lancet device were more likely to contract HBV infection than those who did not have finger sticks (attack rate, 42 percent vs. 0 percent; P = 0.08). In addition, a dose-response relation was observed between the number of finger sticks received and the frequency of hepatitis B (P = 0.002). The case-control study found that all 3 of the nondiabetic patients who contracted hepatitis underwent finger-stick blood sampling with the device, as compared with none of the 20 nondiabetic controls (P = 0.0006). A review of nursing procedures indicated that the platform of the device was not routinely changed after each use; this finding suggested that contamination of the platform by HBV-infected blood was the mechanism of percutaneous transmission of HBV. Conclusions. Proper use of finger-stick devices as well as strict adherence to universal precautions to avoid contamination by blood are required to decrease the possibility of transmission of blood-borne pathogens among hospitalized patients. C1 FRESNO VET AFFAIRS HOSP,FRESNO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,BERKELEY,CA. RP POLISH, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 12 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 11 BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1056/NEJM199203123261101 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH064 UT WOS:A1992HH06400001 PM 1738376 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ HOLMBERG, SD HURWITZ, RL COLEMAN, TR BOTTENFIELD, S CONLEY, LJ KOHLENBERG, SH CASTRO, KG DAHAN, BA SCHABLE, CA RAYFIELD, MA ROGERS, MF AF SIMONDS, RJ HOLMBERG, SD HURWITZ, RL COLEMAN, TR BOTTENFIELD, S CONLEY, LJ KOHLENBERG, SH CASTRO, KG DAHAN, BA SCHABLE, CA RAYFIELD, MA ROGERS, MF TI TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 FROM A SERONEGATIVE ORGAN AND TISSUE DONOR SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID KIDNEY-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; HIV TRANSMISSION; BLOOD-DONORS; P24 ANTIGEN; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; INACTIVATION; PROTEINS; CULTURE AB Background. Since 1985, donors of organs or tissues for transplantation in the United States have been screened for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and more than 60,000 organs and 1 million tissues have been transplanted. We describe a case of transmission of HIV-1 by transplantation of organs and tissues procured between the time the donor became infected and the appearance of antibodies. The donor was a 22-year-old man who died 32 hours after a gunshot wound; he had no known risk factors for HIV-1 infection and was seronegative. Methods. We reviewed the processing and distribution of all the transplanted organs and tissues, reviewed the medical histories of the donor and HIV-1 -infected recipients, tested stored donor lymphocytes for HIV-1 by viral culture and the polymerase chain reaction, and tested stored serum samples from four organ recipients for HIV-1 antigen and antibody. Results. HIV-1 was detected in cultured lymphocytes from the donor. Of 58 tissues and organs obtained from the donor, 52 could be accounted for by the hospitals that received them. Of the 48 identified recipients, 41 were tested for HIV-1 antibody. All four recipients of organs and all three recipients of unprocessed fresh-frozen bone were infected with HIV-1. However, 34 recipients of other tissues - 2 receiving corneas, 3 receiving lyophilized soft tissue, 25 receiving ethanol-treated bone, 3 receiving dura mater treated with gamma radiation, and 1 receiving marrow-evacuated, fresh-frozen bone - tested negative for HIV-1 antibody. Despite immunosuppressive chemotherapy, HIV-1 antibody appeared between 26 and 54 days after transplantation in the three organ recipients who survived more than 4 weeks. Conclusions. Although rare, transmission of HIV-1 by seronegative organ and tissue donors can occur. Improvements in the methods used to screen donors for HIV-1, advances in techniques of virus inactivation, prompt reporting of HIV infection in recipients, and accurate accounting of distributed allografts would help to reduce further this already exceedingly low risk. C1 LIFENET TRANSPLANT SERV,VIRGINIA BEACH,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA HOSP,RICHMOND,VA 23284. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 385 Z9 390 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 12 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 11 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1056/NEJM199203123261102 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH064 UT WOS:A1992HH06400002 PM 1738377 ER PT J AU JASON, JM AF JASON, JM TI ALCOHOL IN MOTHERS MILK SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP JASON, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 12 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 11 BP 767 EP 768 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH064 UT WOS:A1992HH06400024 ER PT J AU LACEY, C TALBOT, R TAYLOR, J DWYER, D JOLBITADO, B MORRISON, C BUTLERSENKEL, E STRAUSS, S MURPHYBAXAM, D LIBONATI, J ISRAEL, E RIDLEY, N SMITH, M ZINGESER, J MILLER, G UNGCHUSAK, K AF LACEY, C TALBOT, R TAYLOR, J DWYER, D JOLBITADO, B MORRISON, C BUTLERSENKEL, E STRAUSS, S MURPHYBAXAM, D LIBONATI, J ISRAEL, E RIDLEY, N SMITH, M ZINGESER, J MILLER, G UNGCHUSAK, K TI CHOLERA ASSOCIATED WITH IMPORTED COCONUT MILK (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, PG 844-845, 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02130. NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CONCORD,NH. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,BURLINGTON,VT. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. THAI MINIST PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. US FDA,DIV EMERGENCY & EPIDEMIOL OPERAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 1320 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG678 UT WOS:A1992HG67800006 ER PT J AU MONISOV, AA AF MONISOV, AA TI PUBLIC-HEALTH ASSESSMENT - RUSSIAN-FEDERATION (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 89-91, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MOSCOW US FOOD & HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE BUR,COMMONWEALTH INDEPENDENT STATES WORKING GRP,MOSCOW,USSR. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MONISOV, AA (reprint author), MOSCOW STATE COMM SANIT & EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE UNDER PRESIDENT RUSSIA,MOSCOW,USSR. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 1323 EP 1324 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG678 UT WOS:A1992HG67800007 ER PT J AU NIEBYLSKI, ML MUTEBI, JP CRAIG, GB MULRENNAN, JA HOPKINS, RS AF NIEBYLSKI, ML MUTEBI, JP CRAIG, GB MULRENNAN, JA HOPKINS, RS TI EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS - FLORIDA, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 115, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NIEBYLSKI, ML (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT BIOL SCI,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 1324 EP 1324 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG678 UT WOS:A1992HG67800008 ER PT J AU GALLAHER, MM FLEMING, DW BERGER, LR SEWELL, CM AF GALLAHER, MM FLEMING, DW BERGER, LR SEWELL, CM TI PEDESTRIAN AND HYPOTHERMIA DEATHS AMONG NATIVE-AMERICANS IN NEW-MEXICO - BETWEEN BAR AND HOME SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL; INDIANS; MORTALITY; INJURY; ABUSE AB Objective. - To determine the nature of excess injury mortality among Native Americans in New Mexico. Design. - Retrospective review of death certificates for deaths from unintentional injuries. Setting. - The state of New Mexico. Subjects. - New Mexico residents who died of unintentional injuries between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1989. Main Outcome Measure. - Cause-specific mortality rates. Results. - Over half of the excess mortality from all unintentional injuries among Native Americans resulted from hypothermia and from pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes. New Mexico Native Americans were nearly eight times more likely to die in pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes and were 30 times more likely to die of hypothermia compared with other New Mexico residents. At death, 90% of those Native Americans tested were highly intoxicated (median blood alcohol concentrations of 0.24 and 0.18 mg/dL for pedestrian and hypothermia deaths, respectively). Despite the fact that most Native Americans in New Mexico live on reservations, most deaths occurred at off-reservation sites in border towns and on roads leading back to the reservation. Conclusions. - The possession and sale of alcohol is illegal on many Native American reservations. This policy forces Native Americans who want to drink to travel long distances to obtain alcohol. These data suggest that this policy is also the likely explanation for the markedly increased risk of death from hypothermia and pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOVELACE FDN MED EDUC & RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP GALLAHER, MM (reprint author), NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,OFF EPIDEMIOL,POB 26110,1190 ST FRANCIS DR,SANTA FE,NM 87502, USA. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 1345 EP 1348 DI 10.1001/jama.267.10.1345 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG678 UT WOS:A1992HG67800026 PM 1740855 ER PT J AU DYKEWICZ, CA DATO, VM FISHERHOCH, SP HOWARTH, MV PEREZORONOZ, GI OSTROFF, SM GARY, H SCHONBERGER, LB MCCORMICK, JB AF DYKEWICZ, CA DATO, VM FISHERHOCH, SP HOWARTH, MV PEREZORONOZ, GI OSTROFF, SM GARY, H SCHONBERGER, LB MCCORMICK, JB TI LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS OUTBREAK ASSOCIATED WITH NUDE-MICE IN A RESEARCH-INSTITUTE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTIONS; SENTINEL MICE; PERSONNEL; HAMSTERS AB Objective. - After an employee at a cancer research institute was diagnosed with lymphocytic choriomeningitis, an investigation was performed to determine the extent of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections among the institute's employees and to identify risk factors for infection. Design. - Retrospective cohort study. Setting. - A US cancer research institute. Participants. - Eighty-two of 90 institute employees. Main Outcome Measures. - Serum LCMV antibodies. Results. - Seven workers (9%) with definite LCMV infection (LCMV IgG antibody titer greater-than-or-equal-to 16) and one worker (1%) with probable infection (IgG titer = 8) were identified (10% overall seroprevalence). All infected employees handled animals or animal tissues and were more likely than other animal handlers to have worked with nude mice (Mus musculus) (P < .02). Among the 31 employees who worked with nude mice at the institute, infected workers were more likely to clean the cages of nude mice (P much less than .001), change their bedding (P < .01), and change their water (P < .001). The institute had been injecting nude mice with LCMV-infected tumor cell lines and had recently increased the nude mouse population and the duration of experiments. These changes would have increased the LCMV burden at the facility and were temporally associated with the cluster of LCMV infections in employees. Conclusions. - This LCMV outbreak, the first reported since 1974, is the first associated with nude mice. It illustrates the ongoing hazard LCMV poses in research laboratories. Since the symptoms of LCMV infection can be nonspecific, clinicians should consider this diagnosis in ill patients who report laboratory rodent exposure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP A32,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 1349 EP 1353 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG678 UT WOS:A1992HG67800027 PM 1740856 ER PT J AU TAUXE, RV BLAKE, PA AF TAUXE, RV BLAKE, PA TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN LATIN-AMERICA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; TRANSMISSION; PORTUGAL; SLUMS; RISK RP TAUXE, RV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 10 BP 1388 EP 1390 DI 10.1001/jama.267.10.1388 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG678 UT WOS:A1992HG67800036 PM 1740864 ER PT J AU WESSON, DM COLLINS, FH AF WESSON, DM COLLINS, FH TI SEQUENCE AND SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF 5.8S RIBOSOMAL-RNA IN THE TICK, IXODES-SCAPULARIS SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RIBOSOMAL-RNAS RP WESSON, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAR 11 PY 1992 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1139 DI 10.1093/nar/20.5.1139 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HK001 UT WOS:A1992HK00100026 PM 1549477 ER PT J AU DEPAOLA, A CAPERS, GM MOTES, ML OLSVIK, O FIELDS, PI WELLS, J WACHSMUTH, IK CEBULA, TA KOCH, WH KHAMBATY, F KOTHARY, MH PAYNE, WL WENTZ, BA AF DEPAOLA, A CAPERS, GM MOTES, ML OLSVIK, O FIELDS, PI WELLS, J WACHSMUTH, IK CEBULA, TA KOCH, WH KHAMBATY, F KOTHARY, MH PAYNE, WL WENTZ, BA TI ISOLATION OF LATIN-AMERICAN EPIDEMIC STRAIN OF VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1 FROM UNITED-STATES GULF-COAST SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP DEPAOLA, A (reprint author), US FDA,OFF SEAFOOD,DIV SEAFOOD RES,BIOL HAZARDS BRANCH,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528, USA. NR 3 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 7 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8793 BP 624 EP 624 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90917-R PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH075 UT WOS:A1992HH07500055 PM 1347133 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE ROPER, WL AF SNIDER, DE ROPER, WL TI THE NEW TUBERCULOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 343 Z9 349 U1 1 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 5 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 10 BP 703 EP 705 DI 10.1056/NEJM199203053261011 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG117 UT WOS:A1992HG11700011 PM 1736110 ER PT J AU LETTAU, LA GARDNER, S TENNIS, J HOLLIS, S PAYNE, F JONES, J KRUSKAL, BA TEELE, DW MOTHS, L DEMARIA, A SPITALNY, K WITTNER, MW KAPLAN, J TANOWITZ, HB ROWIN, K AF LETTAU, LA GARDNER, S TENNIS, J HOLLIS, S PAYNE, F JONES, J KRUSKAL, BA TEELE, DW MOTHS, L DEMARIA, A SPITALNY, K WITTNER, MW KAPLAN, J TANOWITZ, HB ROWIN, K TI LOCALLY ACQUIRED NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 1-4, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CYSTICERCOSIS C1 UPPER SAVANNAH DIST,SAVANNAH,GA. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. BOSTON CITY HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02118. UPHAMS CORNER HLTH CTR,UPHAM,MA. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02130. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,NEWARK,NJ. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LETTAU, LA (reprint author), GREENVILLE HOSP SYST,DEPT HOSP EPIDEMIOL & INFECT DIS,GREENVILLE,IL 62246, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 4 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 9 BP 1183 EP 1184 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HF439 UT WOS:A1992HF43900007 ER PT J AU CHAN, WC GU, LB MASIH, A NICHOLSON, J VOGLER, WR YU, G NASR, S AF CHAN, WC GU, LB MASIH, A NICHOLSON, J VOGLER, WR YU, G NASR, S TI LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION WITH THE NATURAL-KILLER-CELL PHENOTYPE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NK CELL; LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES; CHRONIC LEUKEMIA; CHRONIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER ID LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; CLONAL EXPANSION; LEUKEMIA; MORPHOLOGY; DISORDERS; INVITRO; LINEAGE AB Lymphoproliferated disorders involving large granular lymphocytes (LGL) can be divided into a common T-cell subset (CD3+, CD8+) and a rarer natural killer (NK)-cell subset (CD2+, CD3-). The immunophenotype, clinical pathologic features, and cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses are reported for seven patients with NK-cell-LGL proliferation. The typical immunophenotype was CD2+, CD3-, CD4-, CD11b+, and CD16+ or CD56+. A low but variable percentage of cells were CD8+ or CD57+. Unusual phenotypes with CD2- (1 of 7), CD11b- (1 of 7), or CD16-/CD56- (1 of 7) cells were seen. Strong NK-cell activity was observed in all cases, indicating that none of the NK-cell markers (CD11b, CD16, CD56, CD57) is essential for NK-cell activity. One patient died shortly after diagnosis from coexistent refractory multiple myeloma and another patient died within 1 month from the LGL proliferation. The other patients had been followed for 12 to 70 months, with a median follow-up period of 38 months. There was no progression of their LGL proliferation. Lymphocyte counts varied from 3.3 x 10(3)/mu-L to 58.4 x 10(3)/mu-L at the time of diagnosis. Unexplained anemia and neutropenia were observed in one patient. Cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in two of four patients studied with t(6;12) in one and der(5), der(6), and der(11) in the other. The approximately T-gamma and T-beta genes were in the germline configuration and Epstein-Barr virus DNA was undetectable in five of five patients studied. Natural killer-cell LGL proliferations were morphologically indistinguishable from T-cell LGL proliferations. However, the two were immunophenotypically and genotypically distinct and NK-cell activity was consistently observed in the former. Most of the NK-cell proliferations also were chronic indolent disorders and the incidence of associated cytopenias seemed to be lower than T-cell LGL proliferations. C1 KAISER HOSP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. ADV MED MET PATH,AUBURN HILLS,MI. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHAN, WC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 97 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA HG492 UT WOS:A1992HG49200011 PM 1543158 ER PT J AU BYERS, T AF BYERS, T TI THE EPIDEMIC OF OBESITY IN AMERICAN-INDIANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Editorial Material ID NAVAJO INDIANS RP BYERS, T (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 146 IS 3 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HG924 UT WOS:A1992HG92400007 PM 1543172 ER PT J AU COHEN, MM KREIBORG, S LAMMER, EJ CORDERO, JF MASTROIACOVO, P ERICKSON, JD ROEPER, P MARTINEZFRIAS, ML AF COHEN, MM KREIBORG, S LAMMER, EJ CORDERO, JF MASTROIACOVO, P ERICKSON, JD ROEPER, P MARTINEZFRIAS, ML TI BIRTH PREVALENCE STUDY OF THE APERT SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT MUTATION AB Estimates of the Apert syndrome birth prevalence and the mutation rate are reported for Washington State, Nebraska, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Atlanta, and Northern California. Data were pooled to increase the number of Apert births (n = 57) and produce a more stable birth prevalence estimate. Birth prevalence of the Apert syndrome was calculated to be approximately 15.5/1,000,000 births, which is twice the rate determined in earlier studies. The major reason appears to be incomplete ascertainment in the earlier studies. The similarity of the point estimates and the narrow bounds of the confidence limits in the present study suggest that the birth prevalence of the Apert syndrome over different populations is fairly uniform. The mutation rate was calculated to be 7.8 x 10(-6) per gene per generation. Apert syndrome accounts for about 4.5% of all cases of craniosynostosis. The mortality rate appears to be increased compared to that experienced in the general population; however, further study of the problem is necessary. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, FAC MED, DEPT PEDIAT, HALIFAX B3H 3J5, NS, CANADA. ROYAL DENT COLL, DEPT PEDIAT DENT, DK-2100 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. CALIF BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM, EMERYVILLE, CA USA. UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, PEDIAT CLIN, BIRTH DEFECTS UNIT, I-00168 ROME, ITALY. UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID, FAC MED, ESTUDIO COLABORAT ESPANOL MALFORMAC CONGENITAS, MADRID 3, SPAIN. RP COHEN, MM (reprint author), DALHOUSIE UNIV, FAC DENT, DEPT ORAL BIOL, HALIFAX B3H 3J5, NS, CANADA. NR 20 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD MAR 1 PY 1992 VL 42 IS 5 BP 655 EP 659 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320420505 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HJ087 UT WOS:A1992HJ08700004 PM 1303629 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, BJ HELMINIAK, C WAINWRIGHT, RB BULKOW, L TRIMBLE, BA WAINWRIGHT, K AF MCMAHON, BJ HELMINIAK, C WAINWRIGHT, RB BULKOW, L TRIMBLE, BA WAINWRIGHT, K TI FREQUENCY OF ADVERSE REACTIONS TO HEPATITIS-B VACCINE IN 43,618 PERSONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of adverse reactions to hepatitis B plasma-derived vaccine. PATIENTS: Alaska natives (43,618) who received 101,360 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS: All adverse reactions, excluding transient fever, myalgia, or soreness lasting less than 3 days, were reported. An intradermal skin test was developed to test purported adverse reactions. Records of the entire population were reviewed for Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). SETTING: A statewide hepatitis B control program for Alaska natives. RESULTS: Possible adverse reactions occurred in 39 persons. The most frequent adverse reactions were myalgia/arthralgia lasting longer than 3 days (14), followed by skin rashes (eight) and dizziness (seven). Skin tests were performed on 13 persons and were positive in five. Six of the persons with negative skin tests and eight persons who did not undergo skin testing received additional doses of vaccine without any adverse reactions. No increased incidence of GBS was found in the vaccinees. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and most adverse reactions are coincidental. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALASKA AREA NAT HLTH SERV,ALASKA NAT MED CTR,HEPATITIS B CONTROL PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCMAHON, BJ (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALASKA AREA NAT HLTH SERV,ALASKA NAT MED,DEPT MED,POB 107741,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510, USA. NR 10 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 92 IS 3 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90073-K PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HH566 UT WOS:A1992HH56600005 PM 1532114 ER PT J AU ROLFS, RT GALAID, EI ZAIDI, AA AF ROLFS, RT GALAID, EI ZAIDI, AA TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE - TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS AND OFFICE VISITS, 1979 THROUGH 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; SALPINGITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE ID UNITED-STATES; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB OBJECTIVES: We attempted to assess trends in pelvic inflammatory disease occurrence and to describe current antibiotic treatment and use of surgical procedures for pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Analyses of hospitalizations according to the National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1979 to 1988, and of office visits to private physicians from the National Disease and Therapeutic Index for 1979 to 1989 were done. RESULTS: From 1979 to 1988, a mean of 181,700 women aged 15 to 44 years were hospitalized each year for acute pelvic inflammatory disease (3.03/1000 women) and 94,400 for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (0.90/1000), and nearly 400,000 first visits for pelvic inflammatory disease were made each year to private physicians' offices (7.2/1000 women). Mean visit and hospitalization rates for acute pelvic inflammatory disease were highest for women aged 20 to 24 years and for other-than-white women. By 1987 to 1988, however, pelvic inflammatory disease hospitalization rates were highest for teenagers. Surgery was performed during 42% of hospitalizations for acute pelvic inflammatory disease and 90% of hospitalizations for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. Over this time period, hospitalization rates for acute pelvic inflammatory disease decreased by 36% while office visit rates remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: This decrease in hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease may indicate a true decrease in its incidence, changes in physician hospitalization practices, or a shift in the spectrum of severity of pelvic inflammatory disease. RP ROLFS, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 166 IS 3 BP 983 EP 990 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA HJ885 UT WOS:A1992HJ88500045 PM 1550176 ER PT J AU NEWACHECK, PW TAYLOR, WR AF NEWACHECK, PW TAYLOR, WR TI CHILDHOOD CHRONIC ILLNESS - PREVALENCE, SEVERITY, AND IMPACT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LIMITING CHRONIC CONDITIONS; CHILDREN AB Background. Using data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, this article presents national estimates of the prevalence and impact of childhood chronic conditions. Methods. Proxy responses to a checklist of child health conditions administered for 17 110 children under 18 years of age were used. Conditions were classified as chronic if they were first noticed more than 3 months prior to the interview or if they were the type that would ordinarily be of extended duration, such as arthritis. Results. An estimated 31% of children were affected by chronic conditions. Among these children, highly prevalent conditions included respiratory allergies 9.7 per 100, repeated ear infections 8.3 per 100 and asthma 4.3 per 100. These children can be divided into three groups: 66% with mild conditions that result in little or no bother or activity limitation; 29% with conditions of moderate severity that result in some bother or limitation of activity, but not both; and 5% with severe conditions that cause frequent bother and limitation of activity. The 5% with severe conditions accounted for 19% of physician contacts and 33% of hospital days related to chronic illness. Conclusions. Childhood chronic conditions have highly variable impacts on children's activities and use of health care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NEWACHECK, PW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,1388 SUTTER ST,11TH FLOOR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94109, USA. NR 22 TC 408 Z9 413 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.3.364 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL802 UT WOS:A1992HL80200007 PM 1536351 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA GARRITY, D WROTEN, J AF DESENCLOS, JCA GARRITY, D WROTEN, J TI PEDIATRIC GONOCOCCAL-INFECTION, FLORIDA, 1984 TO 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION AB We reviewed Florida pediatric gonococcal (GC) infection surveillance data collected between 1984 and 1988. The incidence rate was 11 per 100 000 per year for the age group 1 month through 9 years. Incidence rates were higher for females, other-than-Whites, and residents of rural counties than for males, Whites, and residents of urban counties. The ratio of pediatric GC cases in children younger than 10 years per 1000 adult male GC cases, a substitute measure for the proportion of males that may have perpetrated child sexual abuse, was 3.3 for Whites and 4.9 for other-than-Whites, and was higher for residents of nonmetropolitan counties (9.7) than for residents of metropolitan counties (4.2). These data highlight the importance of GC infection in children and suggest that routine surveillance of pediatric GC infection may be a useful tool for monitoring the occurrence of child sexual abuse. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DESENCLOS, JCA (reprint author), HOP NATL ST MAURICE,EUROPEAN CTR EPIDEMIOL MONITORING AIDS,14 RUE VAL OSNE,F-94410 ST MAURICE,FRANCE. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 426 EP 428 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.3.426 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL802 UT WOS:A1992HL80200018 PM 1536360 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ BRANTLEY, MD HOLMGREEN, P ROCHAT, RW AF SACKS, JJ BRANTLEY, MD HOLMGREEN, P ROCHAT, RW TI EVALUATION OF AN INTERVENTION TO REDUCE PLAYGROUND HAZARDS IN ATLANTA CHILD-CARE CENTERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID INJURIES; STANDARDS AB In 1988, we identified playground hazards at 58 child-care centers (CCCs) and intervened by showing the director the hazards and distributing safety information. In 1990, we evaluated the 58 intervention CCCs as well as 71 randomly selected control CCCs. Intervention centers had 9.4 hazards per playground; control centers had 8.0. We conclude that the intervention was ineffective. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL F36,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 429 EP 431 DI 10.2105/AJPH.82.3.429 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HL802 UT WOS:A1992HL80200019 PM 1536361 ER PT J AU RUEBUSH, TK GODOY, HA AF RUEBUSH, TK GODOY, HA TI COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MALARIA SURVEILLANCE AND TREATMENT .1. THE VOLUNTEER COLLABORATOR NETWORK OF GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB The Volunteer Collaborator Networks (VCNs) of Latin America are one of the oldest and most successful examples of community participation in malaria control. They are made up of unpaid community volunteers, known as Volunteer Collaborators, who are selected by their neighbors and are trained and supervised by a member of the National Malaria Service (NMS). When a febrile patient visits the home of a Volunteer Collaborator, the volunteer worker takes a thick blood smear, completes a patient report form, and administers a presumptive treatment for malaria. The blood smear is examined in an NMS laboratory, and if malaria parasites are found, a radical or curative treatment is forwarded to the Volunteer Collaborator so that it can be administered to the patient. There is no charge for either the blood smear or the antimalarial medication. The VCN of Guatemala was established in 1958. Currently, more than 5,000 Volunteer Collaborator posts are operating throughout the malarious areas of the country. The volunteers range in age from 12 to 76 years old and 61% are men. Approximately 15% have no formal education, and only 27% have a sixth grade or higher education. The median length of service is 35 months (range three months to 26 years); 33% have worked for five or more years. Male Volunteer Collaborators had significantly lower turnover rates than females, as did married Volunteer Collaborators when compared with single volunteers. An inverse relationship was noted between the amount of education a Volunteer Collaborator had and his length of service. With modifications tailored to meet the objectives of a malaria control program and the local epidemiologic setting, the VCN can serve as an excellent model for community participation in malaria case detection and treatment in other regions of the world. In particular, in areas where the primary goal of the malaria program is to prevent mortality and morbidity through the provision of readily accessible, appropriate drug therapy, VCNs are an attractive alternative to self-medication and an effective adjunct to treatment of malaria at health posts which are often located at a considerable distance from the patient's village. Experience gained with this system can be valuable in developing approaches to community involvement in other efforts to improve the health of villagers in developing countries. C1 MINIST SALUD PUBL & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP RUEBUSH, TK (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SER,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 248 EP 260 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HM470 UT WOS:A1992HM47000003 PM 1558264 ER PT J AU RUEBUSH, TK ZEISSIG, R KLEIN, RE GODOY, HA AF RUEBUSH, TK ZEISSIG, R KLEIN, RE GODOY, HA TI COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MALARIA SURVEILLANCE AND TREATMENT .2. EVALUATION OF THE VOLUNTEER COLLABORATOR NETWORK OF GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB To evaluate the effectiveness of the Volunteer Collaborator Network (VCN) of Latin America as a community-based malaria case detection and treatment system, we conducted a study of the VCN of Guatemala. Volunteer Collaborators took 72.6% of all blood smears and identified 81.3% of all malaria cases reported by the Guatemalan National Malaria Service. The average volunteer treated 5.8 patients per month (range 0-32.8). In contrast, passive case detection (PCD) posts in government hospitals and health centers treated an average of 12.5 patients per month (range 0.5-91.4). The slide positivity rate of blood smears taken by Volunteer Collaborators was 16.2% compared with 9.7% for PCD posts in health centers and 10.3% for malaria workers during active case detection. The average delay between the date a blood smear was taken and examined ranged from 18.1 days on the Pacific coastal plain to 26.3 days in the less accessible northern region of the country. An additional 14.5 to 47.6 days elapsed before the radical treatments were initiated in these two regions. Seventy percent of the patients completed their radical treatments. In a survey conducted on the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala, of 1,021 patients with chills and/or fever who believed they had malaria, 20.0% had visited a Volunteer Collaborator and 4.9% were treated at a government health center. Thus, the PCD network detected only 25% of all patients with symptoms suggestive of malaria. Most of the remaining patients treated themselves with antimalarial medications purchased in stores and pharmacies, but less than 15% of these patients used adequate courses of therapy. Furthermore, the rate of detection of symptomatic patients with malaria varied considerably from one community to another. Thus, data from the VCN are probably most useful when groups of communities or geographic areas are stratified for malaria control activities because at this level, variations between individual Volunteer Collaborator posts will be minimized. In spite of these problems, the VCN remains an excellent source of epidemiologic data for malaria control programs and the most practical means available for providing timely, appropriate antimalarial therapy to febrile patients in rural areas. C1 MINIST SALUD PUBL & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,SERV NACL ERRADICAC MALARIA,DIV ENFERMEDADES METAXENICAS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV VALLE,CTR RES & TRAINING TROP DIS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP RUEBUSH, TK (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HM470 UT WOS:A1992HM47000004 PM 1558265 ER PT J AU HUMINER, D SYMON, K GROSKOPF, I PIETRUSHKA, D KREMER, I SCHANTZ, PM PITLIK, SD AF HUMINER, D SYMON, K GROSKOPF, I PIETRUSHKA, D KREMER, I SCHANTZ, PM PITLIK, SD TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF TOXOCARIASIS AND STRONGYLOIDIASIS IN INSTITUTIONALIZED MENTALLY-RETARDED ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS; SERODIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS AB Serologic surveys for Toxocara canis and Strongyloides sp., as well as stool examinations for intestinal parasites, were conducted in a home for mentally retarded adults. Evidence of parasitic infection was found in 30 (28.3%) of 106 residents; nine (8.5%) had positive toxocaral serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[ELISA]), 1 (0.9%) had positive serology for Strongyloides sp. (ELISA), and 21 (19.8%) had parasites in stool (including Strongyloides stercoralis in the patient with positive serology). Most of the residents with positive toxocaral serology lived in the same apartment and used to play with dogs. Parameters found to be significantly associated with positive toxocaral serology were pica behavior and eosinophilia (P < 0.05). Mental retardation requiring institutionalization appears to be a risk factor for toxocariasis and other parasitic infections in adults as it is for children. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER SCH MED,BEILINSON MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ZAMENHOFF CENT LAB,TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP HUMINER, D (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,SACKLER SCH MED,BEILINSON MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED C,TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HM470 UT WOS:A1992HM47000006 PM 1558266 ER PT J AU LAMMIE, PJ HIGHTOWER, AW RICHARDS, FO BRYAN, RT SPENCER, HC MCNEELEY, DF MCNEELEY, MB EBERHARD, ML AF LAMMIE, PJ HIGHTOWER, AW RICHARDS, FO BRYAN, RT SPENCER, HC MCNEELEY, DF MCNEELEY, MB EBERHARD, ML TI ALTERATIONS IN FILARIAL ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH IVERMECTIN AND DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MICROFILAREMIC INDIVIDUALS; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS AB The presence of circulating microfilariae has been associated with alterations in B and T cell functions. In this study, we compared the influence of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and ivermectin on filarial antigen-specific immune responses in a Haitian population. Both drugs were effective at reducing microfilaremia levels to less than 10% of pretreatment levels for up to one year. This reduction in microfilaremia was associated with two phases of altered cellular responsiveness monitored with in vitro assays. Five days post-treatment, cellular proliferation in response to both filarial and nonfilarial antigens was significantly increased, as was the background response in the absence of any antigen. At both nine months and one year post-treatment, the filarial antigen-specific reactivity of both DEC- and ivermectin-treated patients was significantly increased over baseline levels. No differences were observed between the two treatment groups in terms of humoral or cellular reactivity to filarial antigens, despite evidence suggesting a role for DEC in adult worm killing. These results provide additional evidence that microfilariae modulate antifilarial immune reactivity. RP LAMMIE, PJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005-01] NR 8 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 292 EP 295 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HM470 UT WOS:A1992HM47000009 PM 1558269 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL BERMAN, JD AF HERWALDT, BL BERMAN, JD TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATING LEISHMANIASIS WITH SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE (PENTOSTAM) AND REVIEW OF PERTINENT CLINICAL-STUDIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; MUCOSAL LEISHMANIASIS; EFFICACY; KENYA; REGIMENS; INDIA AB Pentavalent antimonial compounds have been the mainstay of the treatment of visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis for approximately half a century. Pentostam (sodium stibogluconate) is the pentavalent antimonial compound available in the United States (through the Centers for Disease Control). As dosage regimens for treating leishmaniasis have evolved, the daily dose of antimony and the duration of therapy have been progressively increased to combat unresponsiveness to therapy. In the 1980s, the use of 20 mg/kg/day (instead of 10 mg/kg/day) of antimony was recommended, but only to a maximum daily dose of 850 mg. The authors have concluded on the basis of recent efficacy and toxicity data that this 850-mg restriction should be removed; the evidence to date, which is summarized here, suggests that a regimen of 20 mg/kg/day of pentavalent antimony, without an upper limit on the daily dose, is more efficacious and is not substantially more toxic than regimens with lower daily doses. We recommend treating all forms of leishmaniasis with a full 20 mg/kg/day of pentavalent antimony. We treat cutaneous leishmaniasis for 20 days and visceral and mucosal leishmaniasis for 28 days. Our judgment of cure is based on clinical criteria. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIRECTORS OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 296 Z9 306 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 296 EP 306 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HM470 UT WOS:A1992HM47000010 PM 1313656 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE SKINNER, JC MILLET, P BRODERSON, JR FILIPSKI, VK MORRIS, CL WILKINS, PP CAMPBELL, GH STANFILL, PS RICHARDSON, BB SULLIVAN, J AF COLLINS, WE SKINNER, JC MILLET, P BRODERSON, JR FILIPSKI, VK MORRIS, CL WILKINS, PP CAMPBELL, GH STANFILL, PS RICHARDSON, BB SULLIVAN, J TI REINFORCEMENT OF IMMUNITY IN SAIMIRI MONKEYS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION WITH IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; I STRAIN AB To determine the duration of immunity to Plasmodium vivax following immunization, six Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys were vaccinated with irradiated sporozoites of P. vivax and challenged multiple times with sporozoites. Over a period of almost four years, complete protection from repeated challenge with infective sporozoites was demonstrated in one monkey; protection in two monkeys was obtained on eight of nine occasions, in one monkey on seven of nine occasions, in one monkey on six or nine occasions, and in one monkey on four of eight occasions. Five of six monkeys were protected against infection during the last six challenges. Inoculation with blood-stage parasites at the end of the trial indicated that all animals were susceptible to infection. These results suggest that protection against sporozoite challenge may be strongly reinforced by subsequent exposure to viable sporozoites. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA HM470 UT WOS:A1992HM47000014 PM 1558272 ER PT J AU ABOUYA, YL BEAUMEL, A LUCAS, S DAGOAKRIBI, A COULIBALY, G NDHATZ, M KONAN, JB YAPI, A DECOCK, KM AF ABOUYA, YL BEAUMEL, A LUCAS, S DAGOAKRIBI, A COULIBALY, G NDHATZ, M KONAN, JB YAPI, A DECOCK, KM TI PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA - AN UNCOMMON CAUSE OF DEATH IN AFRICAN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID IVORY-COAST; VIRUS HIV; AIDS; INFECTION; ABIDJAN; TUBERCULOSIS; ZAMBIA; UGANDA AB Admissions and deaths in a pulmonary medicine ward in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire, West Africa, were evaluated over a 6-month period in 1989 with systematic autopsies on all patients who died. Of 473 patients admitted, 38% were HIV-1 seropositive, 4% were HIV-2 seropositive, and 14% reacted to both viruses. A total of 100 patients (21%) died, and deaths were twice as frequent in HIV-seropositive compared with HIV-negative patients. The pathology of 78 autopsies showed that the predominant cause of death in HIV-seropositive patients was disseminated tuberculosis (40%). Cancer was the cause of death in 64% of HIV-negative patients. Pneumocystosis was found in only 9% of HIV-seropositive autopsies. Since Pneumocystis carinii is an uncommon cause of death in this population, prophylaxis for P. carinii pneumonia is not warranted for HIV-infected patients in Africa. In contrast, research on chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis is urgently required. C1 PROJET RETROCI,01 BP 1712,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CHU TREICHVILLE,SERV PNEUMOPHTISIOL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CHU TREICHVILLE,SERV ANAT PATHOL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 145 IS 3 BP 617 EP 620 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA HH281 UT WOS:A1992HH28100022 PM 1312314 ER PT J AU ROPER, W AF ROPER, W TI HIV EPIDEMIC SO BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP ROPER, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD MEDICINE PI NEW YORK PA 1216 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10029 SN 0028-7091 J9 B NEW YORK ACAD MED JI Bull. N. Y. Acad. med. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 68 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HR255 UT WOS:A1992HR25500007 PM 1316795 ER PT J AU MATSUMOTO, T MATSUDA, T PADHYE, AA STANDARD, PG AJELLO, L AF MATSUMOTO, T MATSUDA, T PADHYE, AA STANDARD, PG AJELLO, L TI FUNGAL MELANONYCHIA - UNGUAL PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY WANGIELLA-DERMATITIDIS SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ONYCHOMYCOSIS; NAIL AB A 51-year-old female Japanese patient developed black pigmentation affecting both big toe-nails. Direct potassium hydroxide examination of the nail tissue demonstrated clusters of spherical dematiaceous cells, toruloid hyphae, and septate hyphae. Wangiella dermatitidis was repeatedly isolated from the affected toe-nail lesions. This case represents the first documented case of ungual phaeohyphomycosis, 'fungal melanonychia,' caused by the dematiaceous fungus W. dermatitidis. The patient was successfully treated with a topical solution of bifonazole. C1 KYUSHU UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT DERMATOL,FUKUOKA,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6938 J9 CLIN EXP DERMATOL JI Clin. Exp. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1992.tb00170.x PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA HH342 UT WOS:A1992HH34200003 PM 1387594 ER PT J AU LUCEY, D DOLAN, MJ MOSS, CW GARCIA, M HOLLIS, DG WEGNER, S MORGAN, G ALMEIDA, R LEONG, D GREISEN, KS WELCH, DF SLATER, LN AF LUCEY, D DOLAN, MJ MOSS, CW GARCIA, M HOLLIS, DG WEGNER, S MORGAN, G ALMEIDA, R LEONG, D GREISEN, KS WELCH, DF SLATER, LN TI RELAPSING ILLNESS DUE TO ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT HOSTS - IMPLICATION FOR THERAPY AND NEW EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSOCIATIONS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTION; FEVER; IDENTIFICATION; VERRUGA AB Two previously healthy, immunocompetent men had persistent Rochalimaea henselae bacteremia with clinical relapses after courses of antibiotics to which the isolates were ultimately demonstrated susceptible in vitro. Both had sustained tick bites prior to their illnesses, thus demonstrating an association not previously identified, although suspected. The first patient had relapsing fever, constitutional symptoms, and an episode of aseptic meningitis despite therapy with amoxicillin, then with doxycycline, and then with ceftriaxone. Thereafter, he spontaneously became asymptomatic during a span of 2 months of persistent bacteremia. Finally, after 2 weeks of therapy with ceftriaxone plus gentamicin, followed by 4 weeks of therapy with oral ciprofloxacin, his bacteremia was cured. The second man had relapsing fever and constitutional symptoms after courses of tetracycline, then of chloramphenicol, and then of doxycycline. He became permanently asymptomatic after serial 2-week courses of chloramphenicol and erythromycin. The greater efficacy of lysis-centrifugation blood cultures in the recovery of R. henselae was noted. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,VET ADM MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT 111-C,921 NE 13TH ST,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73104. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT MED,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ROCHE MOLEC SYST,ALAMEDA,CA. NR 31 TC 191 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 683 EP 688 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE701 UT WOS:A1992HE70100008 PM 1562660 ER PT J AU FARIZO, KM COCHI, SL ZELL, ER BRINK, EW WASSILAK, SG PATRIARCA, PA AF FARIZO, KM COCHI, SL ZELL, ER BRINK, EW WASSILAK, SG PATRIARCA, PA TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES OF PERTUSSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1980-1989 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ADVERSE REACTIONS; VACCINE EFFICACY; ADULT VOLUNTEERS; CASE DEFINITIONS; WHOOPING-COUGH; HOSPITAL STAFF; ERYTHROMYCIN; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC AB From 1980 through 1989, 27,826 cases of pertussis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, for an average annual crude incidence of 1.2 cases/100,000 population. The incidence of reported disease increased in all age groups during this period, but the increase was disproportionately large among adolescents and adults. Infants between 1 and 2 months of age were at highest risk for pertussis (average annual incidence, 62.8/100,000). Infants < 2 months of age had the highest reported rates of pertussis-associated hospitalization (82%), pneumonia (25%), seizures (4%), encephalopathy (1%), and death (1%). Rates of complication were generally higher among unvaccinated children than among those who had received three or more doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; 64% of children 3 months to 4 years of age who had reported cases of pertussis had not been immunized appropriately for their age. Whereas control of pertussis in the United States may be further improved through increased levels of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination among eligible infants and children, the use of acellular vaccines in adolescents and adults may also be needed to reduce the burden of pertussis in very young infants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 64 TC 176 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 14 IS 3 BP 708 EP 719 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE701 UT WOS:A1992HE70100012 PM 1562663 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, L AF KAUFMAN, L TI LABORATORY METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONFIRMATION OF SYSTEMIC MYCOSES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN-DETECTION AB The concomitant use of culture and nonculture techniques for the diagnosis and confirmation of systemic mycotic infections is recommended and assessed. A diagnosis based upon a single specimen and method, especially when the results are negative, is not always conclusive. In many situations, a single specimen and test method cannot be relied upon for the diagnosis of a fungal infection. The testing of multiple or serial specimens with a battery of procedures increases the chances for establishing a rapid and definitive diagnosis. Positive cultures generally provide unequivocal evidence of infection. In the absence of such data, results obtained by the use of nonculture techniques such as direct examination, conventional and immunohistologic staining, exoantigen identification, DNA hybridization, immunodiffusion, complement fixation, enzyme immunoassay, and radioimmunoassay can allow detection and identification of the etiologic fungus or provide immunologic evidence of a specific fungal infection. RP KAUFMAN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 14 SU 1 BP S23 EP S29 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HF382 UT WOS:A1992HF38200004 PM 1562691 ER PT J AU ELIXHAUSER, A WESCHLER, JM KITZMILLER, JL BENNERT, HW COUSTAN, DR GABBE, SG HERMAN, W KAUFMANN, RC OGATA, ES MARKS, JS SEPE, SJ AF ELIXHAUSER, A WESCHLER, JM KITZMILLER, JL BENNERT, HW COUSTAN, DR GABBE, SG HERMAN, W KAUFMANN, RC OGATA, ES MARKS, JS SEPE, SJ TI FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING STANDARDS OF CARE FOR DIABETES AND PREGNANCY SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 2ND NATIONAL CONF ON FINANCING THE CARE OF DIABETES MELLITUS : FINANCING THE COSTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE 1990S CY DEC 03-05, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS, AMER DIABETES ASSOC, AMER DIABET ASSOC, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL DIABETES ADVISORY BOARD, UPJOHN, ELI LILLY ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; METABOLIC CONTROL; PREDICTIVE VALUE; INFANTS; WOMEN; MOTHERS; RETINOPATHY; GLYCOHEMOGLOBIN; POPULATION AB This article examines the financial implications of implementing standards of care for pregnancy among women with diabetes, including both the costs of enhanced treatment and the savings of avoided adverse outcomes. Numerous studies have demonstrated the harmful effects of poor blood glucose control for both mother and fetus. Standards set forth by the American Diabetes Association aim to reduce maternal complications and fetal adverse outcomes, such as congenital malformations. Because the precise configuration of resources required to meet these standards was not outlined in the American Diabetes Association statement, a panel of physicians (all specialists in pregnancy care for women with diabetes) was convened to develop a model program. Implementing such a program during the preconception and prenatal periods will represent an intensification of resource use in the outpatient setting. However, through these preventive measures, medical care costs for maternal and fetal complications can be avoided. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,BAY AREA REG DIABET & PREGNANCY PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. BATTELLE MED TECHNOL & POLICY RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. MERCY HOSP,PORTLAND,ME. MAINE MED CTR,PORTLAND,ME 04102. WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,SCH MED,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62708. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60614. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. FU PHS HHS [200-88-0644] NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 1 SU 1 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HG436 UT WOS:A1992HG43600005 PM 1559415 ER PT J AU TOBIN, CT AF TOBIN, CT TI 3RD-PARTY REIMBURSEMENT COVERAGE FOR DIABETES OUTPATIENT EDUCATION-PROGRAMS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 2ND NATIONAL CONF ON FINANCING THE CARE OF DIABETES MELLITUS : FINANCING THE COSTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE 1990S CY DEC 03-05, 1989 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS, AMER DIABETES ASSOC, AMER DIABET ASSOC, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL DIABETES ADVISORY BOARD, UPJOHN, ELI LILLY AB The purpose of this study was to report on current third-party reimbursement coverage for diabetes outpatient education programs. In 1986, the Centers for Disease Control began to collect and analyze information about reimbursement of outpatient diabetes education programs. Data compiled in the Diabetes Outpatient Education Reimbursement Database represented various information sources, including contact people in 42 states, surveys, government publications, the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and Communicating for Agriculture. The purpose of the data base was twofold: 1) to track national reimbursement trends and 2) to support health-care professional efforts in obtaining third-party reimbursement for education services. This article analyzes the Diabetes Outpatient Education Reimbursement Database. This study is a descriptive analysis of the major carriers that reimburse, legislation for reimbursement of education programs, and state risk-sharing insurance pools. Currently, Medicaid (in 37 states), Medicare (in 49 states), Blue Cross/Blue Shield (in 43 states), and private carriers (in 48 states) reimburse diabetes outpatient education programs. Sixteen states have operational pooled risk health insurance plans. This represents an increase in the number of states that report reimbursement from 1986. Progress has been made in procuring reimbursement coverage for diabetes outpatient education programs. However, progress does not imply that third-party reimbursement is uniform nationwide or effortlessly achieved. Many challenges must be addressed before reimbursement is no longer an issue in the management of diabetes education programs and the provision of essential services for people with diabetes. RP TOBIN, CT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP K10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 1992 VL 15 IS 1 SU 1 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HG436 UT WOS:A1992HG43600009 PM 1559419 ER PT J AU PHILEN, RM COMBS, DL MILLER, L SANDERSON, LM PARRISH, RG ING, R AF PHILEN, RM COMBS, DL MILLER, L SANDERSON, LM PARRISH, RG ING, R TI HURRICANE HUGO-RELATED DEATHS - SOUTH-CAROLINA AND PUERTO-RICO, 1989 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Note RP PHILEN, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1992 VL 16 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1992.tb00375.x PG 7 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA HG626 UT WOS:A1992HG62600006 ER PT J AU CATES, W STONE, KM AF CATES, W STONE, KM TI FAMILY-PLANNING, SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE - A LITERATURE UPDATE .1. SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CHEMICAL INTRAVAGINAL CONTRACEPTIVES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; HIV INFECTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CONDOM USE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AB Couples who use contraceptives not only protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies, but also may reduce their risk of becoming infected with a sexually transmitted disease (STD). No currently available method, however, is highly effective in protecting simultaneously against pregnancy and infection. Thus, couples who place high priority on minimizing both risks may have to use two methods. The need for contraceptive methods that provide effective protection against both pregnancy and STDs has been intensified by the HIV epidemic, but progress has been slowed by the lack of integration between the STD and family planning fields. The first part of this two-part article discusses the similarities and differences between the two fields, examines the impact of STDs on contraceptive use and services, and reviews the scientific literature dealing with the effects of condoms, spermicides and barrier-and-spermicide methods on the risk of STD transmission. Part II (which will appear in the next issue) examines what is known about the effects of oral contraceptives, the IUD, tubal sterilization and abortion on reproductive tract infections. The second part also includes a discussion of the trade-offs involved in choosing a contraceptive and presents estimates of the first-year rates of unplanned pregnancy and gonorrhea infection (given an infected partner) that would occur among women using various contraceptive methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 145 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.2307/2135469 PG 10 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA HN563 UT WOS:A1992HN56300004 PM 1612146 ER PT J AU COX, DL CHANG, P MCDOWALL, AW RADOLF, JD AF COX, DL CHANG, P MCDOWALL, AW RADOLF, JD TI THE OUTER-MEMBRANE, NOT A COAT OF HOST PROTEINS, LIMITS ANTIGENICITY OF VIRULENT TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SUBSP PALLIDUM; SURFACE ASSOCIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING PROTEINS; TRITON X-114; IMMUNOGEN; POLYPEPTIDES; FIBRONECTIN; NICHOLS AB Virulent Treponema pallidum reacts poorly with the specific antibodies present in human and rabbit syphilitic sera, a phenomenon often attributed to an outer coat of host serum proteins. Here we present additional evidence that the limited antigenicity of virulent organisms actually is due to a paucity of proteins in the outer membrane. Initially, we used electron microscopy to demonstrate that the outer membrane is highly susceptible to damage from physical manipulation (i.e., centrifugation and resuspension) and nonionic detergents. Organisms with disrupted outer membranes were markedly more antigenic than intact treponemes as determined by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) with rabbit syphilitic and antiendoflagellar antisera. Data obtained with a new radioimmunoassay, designated the T. pallidum surface-specific radioimmunoassay, corroborated these IEM findings by demonstrating that the major T. pallidum immunogens are not surface exposed; the assay also was unable to detect serum proteins, including fibronectin, on the surfaces of intact organisms. Furthermore, IEM of T. pallidum on ultrathin cryosections with monospecific anti-47-kDa-immunogen antiserum confirmed the intracellular location of the 47-kDa immunogen. On the basis of these and previous findings, we proposed a new model for T. pallidum ultrastructure in which the outer membrane contains a small number of transmembrane proteins and the major membrane immunogens are anchored by lipids to the periplasmic leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. This unique ultrastructure explains the remarkable ability of virulent organisms to evade the humoral immune response of the T. pallidum-infected host. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT CELL BIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DALLAS,TX 75235. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BAYLOR RES FDN,DEPT CELL BIOL,DALLAS,TX 75226. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26756] NR 52 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3 BP 1076 EP 1083 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HH195 UT WOS:A1992HH19500052 PM 1541522 ER PT J AU GAYNES, RP AF GAYNES, RP TI STATISTICS AND MEANINGFUL INFECTION-RATES - REPLY SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP GAYNES, RP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 3 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HJ130 UT WOS:A1992HJ13000002 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA - A NEW OR UNRECOGNIZED NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGEN SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIONS RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 13 IS 3 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HJ130 UT WOS:A1992HJ13000007 PM 1564309 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN MARGOLIS, HS AF SHAPIRO, CN MARGOLIS, HS TI IMPACT OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION ON WOMEN AND CHILDREN SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; LONG-TERM IMMUNOGENICITY; POSITIVE CARRIER MOTHERS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; ENDEMIC AREA SENEGAL; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; INFANTS BORN; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 127 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 1 BP 75 EP 96 PG 22 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JT666 UT WOS:A1992JT66600007 PM 1533649 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW BERKELMAN, RL STEHRGREEN, JK AF BUEHLER, JW BERKELMAN, RL STEHRGREEN, JK TI THE COMPLETENESS OF AIDS SURVEILLANCE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS SURVEILLANCE DATA; DATA SOURCES; OUTPATIENT DIAGNOSIS; HOSPITALIZATIONS ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC; MORTALITY; IMPACT AB AIDS surveillance data are widely used in setting HIV intervention policies, and the effectiveness of these data depend on their completeness. We reviewed studies conducted by state and local health departments on the completeness of AIDS reporting. These studies identified AIDS cases through alternate data sources, such as death certificates, hospital discharge records, disease registries, or medication records. In most instances > 80% of AIDS cases detected through these studies had been reported, although lower levels of reporting were found in some outpatient settings. A comparison of vital records and AIDS surveillance confirmed that AIDS surveillance is identifying 70-90% of all HIV-related deaths in men 25-44 years of age. Historically, AIDS surveillance has emphasized reporting from hospitals. Efforts to maintain current levels of reporting, or to improve reporting, are challenged by the growth of the epidemic and by the increasing role of outpatient diagnosis of AIDS. RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA HF287 UT WOS:A1992HF28700006 PM 1740751 ER PT J AU BILD, DE STEVENSON, JM AF BILD, DE STEVENSON, JM TI FREQUENCY OF RECORDING OF DIABETES ON UNITED-STATES DEATH CERTIFICATES - ANALYSIS OF THE 1986 NATIONAL MORTALITY FOLLOWBACK SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIABETES; MORTALITY; DEATH CERTIFICATES; RACE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ID MELLITUS; COMMUNITY; AGREEMENT; DISEASE AB We used data from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey to estimate the frequency of recording of diabetes on death certificates and to determine factors associated with recording of diabetes among decedents aged 25 years and older who died in the U.S. in 1986. Among 2766 decedents for whom a history of diabetes was provided by a personal informant, diabetes was recorded on an estimated 38.2% of death certificates and was listed as the underlying cause of death on an estimated 9.6%. The frequency of recording of diabetes was strongly related to age and duration of diabetes-among those aged 25-44 years who had had diabetes for 15 or more years, the frequency of recording was 71.9%. When other listed causes of death included conditions that may have been related to diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes was recorded between 45 and 70% of the time, depending on the other causes. Diabetes is usually not recorded on death certificates, and the likelihood of recording is related to decedent characteristics, particularly age, duration of diabetes, and co-morbidity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 45 IS 3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90087-4 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HR885 UT WOS:A1992HR88500009 PM 1569424 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL ROWE, T FOLKS, TM AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL ROWE, T FOLKS, TM TI PHENOTYPIC-EXPRESSION OF INTEGRIN MEMBRANE-RECEPTORS ON SPONTANEOUSLY PROLIFERATING CD8 CELLS IN HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II)-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II); SPONTANEOUS PROLIFERATION; INTEGRIN MOLECULES ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; HTLV-I; ADHESION MOLECULES; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ACTIVATION; LFA-1; IDENTIFICATION; MYELOPATHY; INFECTION; RELEASE AB Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in the absence of exogenous stimulators was examined in asymptomatic HTLV-II-seropositive (n = 12) and seronegative individuals (n = 16). Mean spontaneous lymphocytic proliferation significantly increased on day 8 postculture in HTLV-II-infected individuals (5762 +/- 899 cpm) compared with normal controls (2034 +/- 925 cpm, P < 0.01). The proliferating cells in infected individuals were predominantly T cells; neither B cells nor monocytes demonstrated any proliferation. Phenotypic analysis of cultured cells from individuals with HTLV-II infection demonstrated differential expression of integrin molecules as defined by anti-CD29 and anti-S6F1 (42.8 +/- 4.2 and 39.6 +/- 5.9%, respectively) on CD8 cells, as compared with day 0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from infected individuals (19.7 +/- 3.5 and 19.9 +/- 1.9%, respectively) or normal controls (12.9 +/- 3.1 and 11.5 +/- 2.5%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both comparisons). These CD8+ cells did not express CD16 or CD11b. The culture supernatants derived from the spontaneously proliferating cells had significantly increased levels of sCD8 and sCD25 (765 +/- 180 and 1805 +/- 320 U/ml, respectively) compared with those from normal controls (222 +/- 120 and 305 +/- 90 U/ml, respectively; P < 0.01). Furthermore, culture supernatants derived from spontaneously proliferating PBMC from HTLV-II-infected individuals had no detectable levels of HTLV antigen and did not stimulate proliferation of PBMC from normal donors. These results suggest that the spontaneous proliferation in HTLV-II asymptomatic carriers is due to expansion of CD8 cells expressing integrin receptors which may serve as costimulatory molecules for their activation. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0271-9142 J9 J CLIN IMMUNOL JI J. Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 12 IS 2 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1007/BF00918136 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA HH975 UT WOS:A1992HH97500002 PM 1373151 ER PT J AU GIST, GL AF GIST, GL TI PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING - A NEW TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Academic programs in environmental health recognize the need for experiential learning. This need is currently being addressed through the use of internships and cooperative programs with federal, state, and local governmental agencies and private industry employers. Over time, however, the ability of academic programs to provide meaningful internships for students has decreased due to a variety of reasons, including an increase in the number of students in some programs and a dramatic increase in the time demands on professionals who proctor students during their internships. It is evident that a supplement to and/or potential replacement for internships must be found. It is proposed that problem-based learning (PBL) be utilized as an alternative to internships. RP GIST, GL (reprint author), ATSDR,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 54 IS 5 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HH085 UT WOS:A1992HH08500002 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW PATRIARCA, PA SULEIMAN, AJM BROGAN, S MALANKAR, PG COCHI, SL ALGHASSANI, AAK ELBUALY, MS AF SUTTER, RW PATRIARCA, PA SULEIMAN, AJM BROGAN, S MALANKAR, PG COCHI, SL ALGHASSANI, AAK ELBUALY, MS TI ATTRIBUTABLE RISK OF DTP (DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS AND PERTUSSIS-VACCINE) INJECTION IN PROVOKING PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS DURING A LARGE OUTBREAK IN OMAN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROVOCATION AB Although injections administered during the incubation period of wild poliovirus infection have been associated with an increased risk of paralytic poliomyelitis, quantitative estimates of the risk have not been established. During a poliomyelitis outbreak investigation in Oman, vaccination records were reviewed for 70 children aged 5-24 months with poliomyelitis and from 692 matched control children. A significantly higher proportion of cases received a DTP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine) injection within 30 days before paralysis onset than did controls (42.9% vs. 28.3%; odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.2). The proportion of poliomyelitis cases that may have been provoked by DTP injections was 35% for children 5-11 months old. This study confirms that injections are an important cause of provocative poliomyelitis. Although the benefits of DTP vaccination should outweigh the risk of subsequent paralysis, these data stress the importance of avoiding unnecessary injections during outbreaks of wild poliovirus infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,MASQAT,OMAN. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 3 BP 444 EP 449 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE466 UT WOS:A1992HE46600006 PM 1538150 ER PT J AU SIBER, GR LESZCZYNSKI, J PENACRUZ, V FERRENGARDNER, C ANDERSON, R HEMMING, VG WALSH, EE BURNS, J MCINTOSH, K GONIN, R ANDERSON, LJ AF SIBER, GR LESZCZYNSKI, J PENACRUZ, V FERRENGARDNER, C ANDERSON, R HEMMING, VG WALSH, EE BURNS, J MCINTOSH, K GONIN, R ANDERSON, LJ TI PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF A HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN PREPARED FROM DONORS SCREENED BY MICRONEUTRALIZATION ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VIRAL-INFECTION; COTTON RATS; FUSION PROTEIN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; F-GLYCOPROTEIN; INFANTS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOTHERAPY; RIBAVIRIN AB To explore the feasibility of preparing a human immune globulin specific for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by screening plasma donors, the ability of seven RSV antibody assays to identify plasma-yielding IgG with high virus-neutralizing and animal-protective activities was compared. IgG prepared from plasma units selected by microneutralization assay had significantly higher activity in protecting mice from respiratory RSV challenge than did IgGs prepared from plasmas selected by three direct ELISAs using purified F protein, G protein, or RSV-infected cell lysate, by two competitive ELISAs with RSV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to the F2 or F3 epitopes of the F protein, or by plaque reduction neutralization. Relative to IgG made from unselected plasma, microneutralization-screened IgG was enriched fivefold by plaque-reduction neutralization assays done with or without complement. The microneutralization assay identified RSV antibodies with highest animal protective activity. This assay will be useful for identifying plasma donors for the preparation of a human immune globulin with high protective activity against RSV and deserves further evaluation for prediction of protective antibody concentrations in children. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SIBER, GR (reprint author), DANA FARBER CANC INST,DIV INFECT DIS,MASSACHUSETTS PUBL HLTH BIOL LABS,305 SOUTH ST,BOSTON,MA 02130, USA. RI Burns, Jane/J-6167-2015 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-06516] NR 47 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 3 BP 456 EP 463 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE466 UT WOS:A1992HE46600008 PM 1538152 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL ARANA, BA NAVIN, TR AF HERWALDT, BL ARANA, BA NAVIN, TR TI THE NATURAL-HISTORY OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN GUATEMALA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ULCERS AB The natural history of American cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied in Guatemala by analyzing the characteristics of 355 untreated leishmanial lesions, observing the evolution of 57 lesions on persons who received a placebo in treatment trials, and analyzing data from a population-based survey concerning the duration of 82 untreated lesions. Of 25 lesions caused by Leishmania mexicana that were followed prospectively, 22 (88%) completely reepithelialized by a median lesion age of 14 weeks, and 17 (68%) were classified as cured (no residual wound inflammation or reactivation during at least 6 months of follow-up). In contrast, 7 (22%) of 32 lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis reepithelialized by a median lesion age of 13 weeks, and only 2 (6%) cured. These data demonstrate that the species of Leishmania is the primary determinant of the clinical course and outcome of untreated lesions and underscore the need for field-applicable diagnostic techniques that provide rapid species identification. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 3 BP 518 EP 527 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE466 UT WOS:A1992HE46600017 PM 1538157 ER PT J AU NAVIN, TR ARANA, BA ARANA, FE BERMAN, JD CHAJON, JF AF NAVIN, TR ARANA, BA ARANA, FE BERMAN, JD CHAJON, JF TI PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL OF SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE (PENTOSTAM) VERSUS KETOCONAZOLE FOR TREATING CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN GUATEMALA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTILEISHMANIAL AGENTS; MEXICANA PROMASTIGOTES; EFFICACY; AMASTIGOTES; MACROPHAGES; GROWTH AB To determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of stibogluconate and ketoconazole for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, a comparative trial was conducted in which 120 Guatemalan men with parasitologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis were randomly divided into three treatment groups: sodium stibogluconate (20 mg of antimony per kilogram per day intravenously for 20 days), ketoconazole (600 mg per day orally for 28 days), and placebo. Treatment outcome was influenced by species. Among patients infected with Leishmania braziliensis, 24 (96%) of 25 in the stibogluconate group but only 7 (30%) of 23 in the ketoconazole group responded. Among Leishmania mexicana-infected patients, only 4 (57%) of 7 in the stibogluconate group but 8 (89%) of 9 in the ketoconazole group responded. These differences emphasize the importance of speciation in the treatment of leishmaniasis. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. SANIDAD MIL,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP NAVIN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT GUATEMALA,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 196 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 3 BP 528 EP 534 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE466 UT WOS:A1992HE46600018 PM 1311351 ER PT J AU MCNAGNY, SE PARKER, RM ZENILMAN, JM LEWIS, JS AF MCNAGNY, SE PARKER, RM ZENILMAN, JM LEWIS, JS TI URINARY LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE TEST - A SCREENING METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF ASYMPTOMATIC CHLAMYDIAL AND GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN MEN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; URETHRAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; GONORRHEA; MALES; PREVALENCE AB The ability of a urinary dipstick leukocyte esterase test (LET) to predict culture-verified asymptomatic urethral infections of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was determined in 1095 men (aged 18-39) who presented to an urban hospital for acute general medical care. Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections were 4% and 2.5% respectively; LET sensitivity was 41% and specificity was 91%. In the youngest one-third, the prevalence of infection and LET sensitivity and specificity increased to 9%, 58%, and 93%, respectively. Higher inclusion count in chlamydia culture was also significantly correlated with younger age. This is the first study to assess LET performance as a screening test for asymptomatic disease in adult men and suggests that LET has promising accuracy in young men but is less likely to be a useful screening test in men > 25 years old. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCNAGNY, SE (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV GEN INTERNAL MED,GLENN MEM BLDG,69 BUTLER ST,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 3 BP 573 EP 576 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE466 UT WOS:A1992HE46600028 PM 1538163 ER PT J AU HAVLIK, JA HORSBURGH, CR METCHOCK, B WILLIAMS, PP FANN, SA THOMPSON, SE AF HAVLIK, JA HORSBURGH, CR METCHOCK, B WILLIAMS, PP FANN, SA THOMPSON, SE TI DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX INFECTION - CLINICAL-IDENTIFICATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTRACELLULARE BACTEREMIA; AIDS; THERAPY AB To evaluate the incidence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) and to define the association between signs and symptoms and development of DMAC in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, all cases of DMAC at Grady Memorial Hospital Infectious Disease Clinic (Atlanta) between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed, and a prospective study of the association of symptoms with DMAC was done. Between 1985 and 1990, DMAC occurred in 16% of patients with AIDS. Incidence increased from 5.7% in 1985-1988 to 23.3% in 1989-1990 (P < .001). Median time from AIDS diagnosis to diagnosis of DMAC increased from 4.5 months in 1985-1988 to 8 months in 1989-1990 (P < .02). In the prospective study, DMAC was seen only in persons with a CD4+ count < 100 cells/mm3 and was associated with fever (P < .03), anemia (P < .001), weight loss (P < .01), diarrhea (P < .01), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (P < .01). It is recommended that all such HIV-infected persons have mycobacterial blood cultures done. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30303. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HAVLIK, JA (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 16 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 165 IS 3 BP 577 EP 580 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA HE466 UT WOS:A1992HE46600029 PM 1347060 ER PT J AU SIRIMANNE, SR MAGGIO, VL PATTERSON, DG AF SIRIMANNE, SR MAGGIO, VL PATTERSON, DG TI SYNTHESIS OF (+/-)-[1,1'-(N-15)2,2'-C-13]-TRANS-3'-METHYLNICOTINE SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE (+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 5'-C-13]-TRANS-4'-CARBOXYCOTININE; (+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 2'-C-13]-TRANS-3'-HYDROXYMETHYLNICOTINE; (+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 2'-C-13]-TRANS-3'-MESYLOXYMETHYLNICOTINE; (+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 2'-C-13]-TRANS-3'-METHYLNICOTINE COTININE; PASSIVE SMOKING ID COTININE; NONSMOKERS; NICOTINE; SMOKERS; SERUM; URINE AB The synthesis of(+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 2'-C-13]-trans-3'-methylnicotine is reported. N-15-(3)-Bromopyridine obtained from bromination of pyridine was formylated with nBuLi/[carbonyl-C-13]-methyl formate. The resulting N-15-Pyridine-3-[C-13-carbonyl]-carboxaldehyde was reacted with N-15-methylamine and then the resulting Schiff's base was condensed with succinic anhydride to give (+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 5'-C-13]-trans-4'-carboxycotinine. Reduction with lithium aluminum hydride and mesylation followed by reduction with Zn/NaI gave (+/-)-[1,1'-N-15(2), 2'-C-13]-trans-3'-methylnicotine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 31 IS 3 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1002/jlcr.2580310302 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA HH065 UT WOS:A1992HH06500001 ER PT J AU FONTENILLE, D LEPERS, JP COLUZZI, M CAMPBELL, GH RAKOTOARIVONY, I COULANGES, P AF FONTENILLE, D LEPERS, JP COLUZZI, M CAMPBELL, GH RAKOTOARIVONY, I COULANGES, P TI MALARIA TRANSMISSION AND VECTOR BIOLOGY ON SAINTE-MARIE ISLAND, MADAGASCAR SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ANOPHELES SPP; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; MADAGASCAR ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; FALCIPARUM; IDENTIFICATION; ELISA AB A 17-mo longitudinal malaria survey (November 1988-March 1990) was carried out on Sainte Marie Island, an area on the east coast of Madagascar which is frequently visited by tourists. During 706 man-nights of capture, 46,401 mosquitoes belonging to 32 species were caught. Sporozoite rates were determined by ELISA and incriminated Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s., An. funestus Giles, and An. mascarensis De Meillon as vectors of malaria. An. gambiae, the main vector, was highly anthropophilic but largely exophilic. Transmission by this species occurred mainly from November to April; the overall circumsporozoite antigen positivity rate was 1.7%, with a maximum of 3.2% in March-April. The nightly peak of transmission occurred between midnight and 0400 hours. The annual inoculation rate was calculated to be 100 infective bites per human, of which 92 were of Plasmodium falciparum. An. funestus played a minor role in transmission. An. mascarensis, an anopheline endemic to Madagascar, was incriminated for the first time, as a malaria vector. The sporozoite rate in this species varied from 0.4 to 0.9% as shown by both ELISA and salivary gland dissections. Parasite indices in humans up to 20 yr of age fluctuated during the year from 64 to 80%. Bed nets are recommended for malaria protection for the local population and tourists. C1 UNIV ROME LA SAPIENZA,IST PARASSITOL,I-00185 ROME,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST PASTEUR,ANTANANARIVO,MALAGASY REPUBL. RI FONTENILLE, didier/G-4091-2013 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 29 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA HG772 UT WOS:A1992HG77200010 PM 1495029 ER PT J AU FAVOROV, MO FIELDS, HA YASHINA, TL GOLDBERG, EZ YERAMISHANTSEV, AK RAKCHIMOVA, HK BURKOV, AN MARGOLIS, HS LVOV, DK AF FAVOROV, MO FIELDS, HA YASHINA, TL GOLDBERG, EZ YERAMISHANTSEV, AK RAKCHIMOVA, HK BURKOV, AN MARGOLIS, HS LVOV, DK TI HEPATITIS-C VIRUS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS AND LIVER-CIRRHOSIS - POSSIBILITY OF MIXED VIRAL-INFECTIONS DUE TO PARENTERAL TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HBV; HDV; MARKERS; DISTRIBUTION; USSR ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; NON-A; ANTIBODIES AB Sera obtained from 381 patients with chronic liver disease from four cities within the USSR were studied for HBV, HDV, and HCV markers of infection. Anti-HCV activity was detected in 41.2% of non-A, non-B cases. The etiological distribution of chronic hepatitis in Moscow and Dushanbe was similar with an approximate 20% prevalence for HBV, HDV, and HCV infections, whereas in Yakatsk 40% of cases were caused by HDV infections. The etiology of disease remained unrecognized in approximately 40% of patients with chronic liver disease in Moscow and Dushanbe and in 15% in Yakutsk. Anti-HCV activity was detected in 18.8% of patients with chronic HBV infections and in 8.3% of patients with chronic HDV infections. Anti-HCV activity was detected in 41% of patients without markers of HBV or HDV infections. The reasons for the observed differences in HCV prevalence among patients chronically infected with HDV are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,VIRAL DIAG SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DI IVANOVSKII VIROL INST,MOSCOW,USSR. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890360307 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA HK714 UT WOS:A1992HK71400006 PM 1314283 ER PT J AU BEACH, MJ MEEKS, EL MIMMS, LT VALLARI, D DUCHARME, L SPELBRING, J TASKAR, S SCHLEICHER, JB KRAWCZYNSKI, K BRADLEY, DW AF BEACH, MJ MEEKS, EL MIMMS, LT VALLARI, D DUCHARME, L SPELBRING, J TASKAR, S SCHLEICHER, JB KRAWCZYNSKI, K BRADLEY, DW TI TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-RNA AND ANTIBODY-RESPONSES FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION OF CHIMPANZEES SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HCV; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; IGG RESPONSE; IGM RESPONSE; ELISA ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; VIRAL SEQUENCES; GENOME AB Liver enzyme levels, viral RNA, and the immune response against both structural and nonstructural hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins have been studied in experimentally infected chimpanzees in order to further understand the natural history of HCV infection. An ELISA for measuring both IgG and IgM responses to core (c22), 33c (NS3), and c100 (NS4) was employed. The IgG response rates were 5/8 for core, and 8/8 for both 33c and c100. Utilizing this antigen combination, at least one antibody response is measurable at, or within 3 weeks of, the major ALT peak. Although no individual antibody response is universally associated with initial detection of seroconversion, the combination of all three recombinant proteins measures seroconversion an average of 54 days earlier than with c100 alone, in 6/8 of the animals. IgM responses were measurable in 5/8 of the chimpanzees, were of shorter duration, and usually arose concomitantly with IgG responses. IgM appears to be a good indicator of primary infection since neither boosting nor recrudescence of disease during the chronic phase of disease elicited a secondary IgM response. Viral RNA can be measured 4-7 days (average = 9 days) postinfection with the period preceding the ALT peak being characterized by several PCR positive segments interrupted by periods in which no viral RNA can be measured. Following the ALT peak, chronically infected animals with recurring ALT elevations are generally PCR positive with intercedent PCR negative periods. Those animals that appear to have biochemically resolved disease generally have PCR negative profiles, although they still may periodically exhibit PCR positive sera. This indicates that with the recent advent of new screening techniques, a more stringent definition of HCV resolution will be required. C1 ABBOTT LABS,HEPATITIS RES & DEV,ABBOTT PK,IL. RP BEACH, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 226 EP 237 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890360314 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA HK714 UT WOS:A1992HK71400013 PM 1373438 ER PT J AU SHANNON, B MULLIS, R BERNARDO, V ERVIN, B POEHLER, DL AF SHANNON, B MULLIS, R BERNARDO, V ERVIN, B POEHLER, DL TI THE STATUS OF SCHOOL-BASED NUTRITION EDUCATION AT THE STATE AGENCY LEVEL SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CAROLINA NET PROGRAM; PERSPECTIVE AB The status of school-based nutrition education at the state agency level was examined. Telephone interviews with agencies in all 50 states revealed that nine states mandated nutrition be taught and another 21 included nutrition as a required topic in mandated subjects, frequently health. The other states had initiatives to promote school-based nutrition education but it was not required. Published requirements for teacher certification in elementary education, home economics, and health education seldom (two to three states) specified nutrition as a requirement. However, follow-up investigations revealed many states indirectly promote nutrition preparation for home economics and health education teachers through guidelines for approval of college programs in these areas. An inventory of nutrition education curricular materials revealed they were most frequently directed to grades K-6 and focused mainly on general foods and nutrition or that related to health. Given the links that emerged between health and nutrition, incorporating nutrition into health education may help promote school-based nutrition education. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,PROGRAM DEV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SCH HLTH EDUC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SHANNON, B (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,NUTR,114 KERN BLDG,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAR PY 1992 VL 62 IS 3 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HX656 UT WOS:A1992HX65600002 PM 1619903 ER PT J AU GORDON, SM OETTINGER, CW BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ AGUERO, SM MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS JARVIS, WR AF GORDON, SM OETTINGER, CW BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ AGUERO, SM MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS JARVIS, WR TI PYROGENIC REACTIONS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CONVENTIONAL, HIGH-EFFICIENCY, OR HIGH-FLUX HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENTS WITH BICARBONATE DIALYSATE CONTAINING HIGH-CONCENTRATIONS OF BACTERIA AND ENDOTOXIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMODIALYSIS; PYROGENIC REACTION; ENDOTOXIN ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1; SURVEILLANCE; REUSE AB High-efficiency (HE) and high-flux (HF) hemodialysis are becoming increasingly popular methods for treating patients with chronic renal failure because they reduce the time required for dialysis treatment. HF and HE dialyzers require bicarbonate dialysate, often prepared from concentrates that can support bacterial growth with endotoxin production. There is a concern that endotoxins or bacteria may cross or interact at the membranes of these dialzers, triggering the release of endogenous pyrogens (cytokines) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to cause pyrogenic reactions (PR). To determine the incidence of PR and to examine the association between PR and levels of bacteria and endotoxin in dialysate, a cohort of patients receiving conventional, HE, or HF hemodialysis with bicarbonate dialysate and reprocessed dialyzers at three dialysis centers during a 12-month period was studied prospectively. All dialyzers underwent a test of membrane integrity before use. A total of 19 PR were identified among 18 patients in 26, 877 hemodialysis treatments (0.7 PR/1,000 treatments). There was no significant difference in PR rates by treatment modality: conventional, 0.5 per 1,000 (7 PR/13,123 treatments) versus HE, 0.9 per 1,000 (9 PR/11,345) versus HF, 1.2 per 1,000 (3 PR/2,409) (P = 0.21; chi(2) test). Throughout the study period, bacterial counts for dialysate at each center significantly exceeded the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation's (AAMI) microbiologic standards for dialysate of < 2,000 CFU/mL (mean, 19,000 CFU/mL), but water used in the reuse of dialyzers tested < 200 CFU/mL. The following was concluded: (1) the incidence of PR was low for all three types of hemodialysis treatments, despite high bacterial and endotoxin concentrations in bicarbonate dialysate, suggesting that the membranes of reprocessed HF dialyzers were as effective a barrier to bacteria and endotoxin as were the membranes in the other types of reprocessed dialyzers; (2) a plasma Limulus amebocyte lysate endotoxin test to detect PR had limited value with positive and negative predictive values of 67 and 56%, respectively; and (3) prevention of PR in centers that reuse dialyzers should emphasize adherence to AAMI microbiologic standards for water used in reuse (< 200 CFU/mL) and should require a membrane integrity check of all dialyzers before each use. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,C-01,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 22 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 9 BP 1436 EP 1444 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA HH960 UT WOS:A1992HH96000008 PM 1627766 ER PT J AU BLAND, LA VILLARINO, ME ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK GORDON, SM UYEDA, CT VALDON, C POTTS, D JARVIS, WR FAVERO, MS AF BLAND, LA VILLARINO, ME ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK GORDON, SM UYEDA, CT VALDON, C POTTS, D JARVIS, WR FAVERO, MS TI BACTERIOLOGICAL AND ENDOTOXIN ANALYSIS OF SALVAGED BLOOD USED IN AUTOLOGOUS TRANSFUSIONS DURING CARDIAC OPERATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; LIMULUS AMEBOCYTE LYSATE; AUTO-TRANSFUSION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; MEDIASTINAL BLOOD; DRAINAGE BLOOD; INFECTION; CONTAMINATION AB Autologous blood transfusion is a common method of reducing the need for heterologous blood transfusion during cardiac operations. Recently we investigated an outbreak of severe, nonsurgical postoperative bleeding among patients undergoing heart operations and receiving intraoperative transfusion of blood from a cell conservation device (Cell Saver System, Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, Mass.). As a result of this investigation, we conducted a prospective study to determine if bacterial or endotoxin contamination of the blood collected in the Cell Saver System and used for reinfusion during heart operations contributes to postoperative bleeding complications. Patients' blood samples were collected immediately before operation, at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, 1 hour postoperatively, and from the Cell Saver System. All blood samples were cultured for bacteria, and all plasma samples were assayed for endotoxin. Preoperatively all patients having heart operations were without signs of infection, 33 of 37 blood cultures taken were negative, and none of the plasma samples had detectable endotoxin. After discontinuance of cardiopulmonary bypass but before delivery of blood from the Cell Saver System, bacteria and endotoxin were detected in 11 of 36 (30.6%) and five of 35 (14.3%) of the patients' blood samples, respectively. The blood aspirated from the open chest and collected by the Cell Saver System was culture positive in 30 of 31 (96.8%) samples, and seven of 29 (24.1%) contained endotoxin. One of 28 blood samples collected 1 hour postoperatively was culture positive, and five of 25 samples contained endotoxin. Of 61 total microorganisms isolated, 50 (82%) were coagulase-negative staphylococci, four (6.6%) aerobic diphtheroids, five (8.2%) anaerobic "diphtheroids" (Propionihacterium acnes), and two (3.2%) gram-negative bacilli. Plasma endotoxin concentrations ranged from 10 to 765 pg/ml. No signs of endotoxemia or unusual bleeding were observed intraoperatively or postoperatively in any of the 38 patients. Although blood collected in the Cell Saver System and used for reinfusion during heart operations often was contaminated with gram-positive bacterial commensals of the skin and low concentrations of endotoxin, no adverse effects were noted in the patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET ADM MED CTR,MICROBIOL LAB,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP BLAND, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,C01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 34 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 103 IS 3 BP 582 EP 588 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA HJ645 UT WOS:A1992HJ64500026 PM 1545559 ER PT J AU HELMKAMP, JC AF HELMKAMP, JC TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UNITED-STATES FATALITIES DURING DESERT STORM SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP HELMKAMP, JC (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 157 IS 3 BP A7 EP A7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HG831 UT WOS:A1992HG83100001 PM 1603395 ER PT J AU BOSSE, D ADES, E AF BOSSE, D ADES, E TI DOWN-REGULATION OF INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION ON NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES BY INTERLEUKIN-4 SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERLEUKIN-4; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR INHIBITION; LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTES ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-SYNTHESIS; NK CELLS; IL-4; PROLIFERATION; MODULATION AB It has recently been demonstrated that IL-4 inhibits IL-2 receptor expression on T cells. Studies have also shown that IL-4 can inhibit IL-2-induced natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity, and that IL-4 in combination with IL-2 and large granular lymphocyte (NK/LGL) cells suppresses Ig synthesis. Therefore, we examine whether IL-2 receptor expression on NK/LGL cells is affected with or without IL-4, using fluorescent receptor analysis. Our results demonstrate that IL-4 inhibits/down-regulates the expression of IL-2 receptors on either phytohemagglutinin or IL-2-stimulated NK/LGL cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,BLDG 13207 D34,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 60 IS 2 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1159/000163701 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA HH411 UT WOS:A1992HH41100004 PM 1571094 ER PT J AU BRAUN, MM CAUTHEN, G AF BRAUN, MM CAUTHEN, G TI RELATIONSHIP OF THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS EPIDEMIC TO PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS AND BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN IMMUNIZATION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; TUBERCULOSIS; POLICY; ADVERSE EFFECTS; PEDIATRIC; IMMUNIZATION ID UNITED-STATES; HIV INFECTION; BCG VACCINATION; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; AIDS; PATIENT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRAUN, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1097/00006454-199203000-00010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA HH626 UT WOS:A1992HH62600010 PM 1565539 ER PT J AU WARREN, CW JOHNSON, JT GULE, G HLOPHE, E KRAUSHAAR, D AF WARREN, CW JOHNSON, JT GULE, G HLOPHE, E KRAUSHAAR, D TI THE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY IN SWAZILAND SO POPULATION STUDIES-A JOURNAL OF DEMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS AB In this paper data from the 1988 Swaziland Family Health Survey, the first comprehensive study of fertility and family planning conducted in Swaziland, are used to examine the relative importance of nuptiality, contraceptive use, lactation, and involuntary infertility as they affect fertility. It is shown that future decreases in fertility in Swaziland are most likely to result from increases in use of contraception. Current use of contraception among women of reproductive age, though only 17 per cent, is four times higher than previously reported, and its effectiveness appears to be high. The nuptiality effect appears least likely to change, because it is such an integral part of Swazi custom. Most Swazi women experience post partum amenorrhoea of long duration; thus, an increase in the importance of this factor is unlikely to decrease fertility. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WARREN, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU POPULATION INVESTIGATION COMM LONDON SCH OF ECON PI LONDON PA HOUGHTON ST ALDWYCH, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2A 2AE SN 0032-4728 J9 POP STUD-J DEMOG JI Popul. Stud.-J. Demogr. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 46 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1080/0032472031000145976 PG 13 WC Demography SC Demography GA HG973 UT WOS:A1992HG97300002 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS LEE, SL BYERS, T KUESTER, S SELL, KI AF FREEDMAN, DS LEE, SL BYERS, T KUESTER, S SELL, KI TI SERUM-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN A MULTIRACIAL SAMPLE OF 7,439 PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN FROM ARIZONA SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BOGALUSA-HEART; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; ADULT HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; RISK-FACTORS; LIPOPROTEINS; LIPIDS; MUSCATINE; BODY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS C1 ARIZONA STATE DEPT HLTH SERV,OFF NUTR SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 162 EP 176 DI 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90016-B PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HK684 UT WOS:A1992HK68400002 PM 1579552 ER PT J AU KASSLER, WJ WU, AW AF KASSLER, WJ WU, AW TI ADDRESSING HIV-INFECTION IN OFFICE PRACTICE - ASSESSING RISK, COUNSELING, AND TESTING SO PRIMARY CARE LA English DT Article RP KASSLER, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV,MAILSTOP E-06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0095-4543 J9 PRIMARY CARE JI Primary Care PD MAR PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 PG 15 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA JB207 UT WOS:A1992JB20700004 PM 1594696 ER PT J AU HOUK, UN MILLAR, JD ROSENBERG, ML WAXWEILER, RJ AF HOUK, UN MILLAR, JD ROSENBERG, ML WAXWEILER, RJ TI SETTING THE NATIONAL AGENDA FOR INJURY CONTROL IN THE 1990S SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 107 IS 2 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HN004 UT WOS:A1992HN00400001 ER PT J AU DUNN, RA ZENKER, PN AF DUNN, RA ZENKER, PN TI WHY RADIOGRAPHS ARE USEFUL IN EVALUATION OF NEONATES SUSPECTED OF HAVING CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP DUNN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD MAR PY 1992 VL 182 IS 3 BP 639 EP 640 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA HE860 UT WOS:A1992HE86000006 PM 1535874 ER PT J AU VINES, A REEVES, MW HUNTER, S SWAMINATHAN, B AF VINES, A REEVES, MW HUNTER, S SWAMINATHAN, B TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM IN 4 VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA, VIRULENCE, LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; GENES, SEROVARS, PCR, RESTRICTION ENZYMES ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IDENTIFICATION; DETERMINANT; EXPRESSION; HEMOLYSIN; PROTEIN; SPREAD; ACTIN AB We observed restriction fragment length polymorphism in 4 genes of Listeria monocytogenes associated with virulence. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers derived from published sequences, we amplified the following genes: hlyA coding for listeriolysin O, iap coding for a putative invasion-associated factor, mpl coding for a metalloprotease, and the prfA gene that positively regulates the hlyA gene. PCR-amplified DNA were cut with several restriction endonucleases, and the restriction profiles from 29 strains, representing 6 serovars (serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b and 4b) were compared. Based on these restriction profiles, the strains were categorized into 2 subgroups: one group contained all 10 strains of serovars 1/2a, 1/2c and 3a, the other group contained all 19 strains of serovars 1/2b, 3b and 4b. This division is in complete agreement with multilocus enzyme electrophoretic analysis data which divide the species into the same 2 subgroups. Whether the differences observed in the nucleotide sequences of the 4 virulence-associated genes for the 2 subgroups of L. monocytogenes represent salient variations in pathogenic mechanisms is not known. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 143 IS 3 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90020-O PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HQ989 UT WOS:A1992HQ98900006 PM 1360171 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DW AF BRADLEY, DW TI HEPATITIS-E - EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; VIRUS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; TRANSMISSION; INDIA; IDENTIFICATION; SERODIAGNOSIS RP BRADLEY, DW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 2 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1002/rmv.1980020104 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA JJ854 UT WOS:A1992JJ85400004 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, RS AF JANSSEN, RS TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AND THE NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF THE INFECTION SO SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CONTROLLED TRIAL; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRANSMISSION; RETROVIRUS; PREVALENCE RP JANSSEN, RS (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0271-8235 J9 SEMIN NEUROL JI Semin. Neurol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 12 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1055/s-2008-1041152 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA HP172 UT WOS:A1992HP17200004 PM 1615235 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA GARRITY, D SCAGGS, M WROTEN, JE AF DESENCLOS, JCA GARRITY, D SCAGGS, M WROTEN, JE TI GONOCOCCAL-INFECTION OF THE NEWBORN IN FLORIDA, 1984-1989 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; PROPHYLAXIS AB An increase in neonatal gonococcal infections was recorded in Florida between 1984 and 1988. By reviewing Florida sexually transmitted disease surveillance case records between 1984 and 1989, 68 cases of neonatal gonococcal infections were identified state-wide. Those 68 cases included 55 (81%) cases of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, 4 genital infections, 1 nasal infection, 1 ear infection, 1 skin infection, and 1 scalp infection. At birth, positive culture results were demonstrated in 3 gastric and 2 respiratory aspirate cultures. A case-control study using birth certificates as the source of information showed that mothers of infected infants were more likely to be younger, black (odds ratio [OR] = 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3, 16.2), and less educated (less than a high school education, OR = 2.9, CI 1.0, 8.8) in comparison to mothers of control subjects. Although mothers of infected newborns were less likely to have received prenatal care than were mothers of control subjects, this difference was not statistically significant. Maternal substance abuse was documented among 19% of the mothers of the infected infants. The rate of clinical gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in Florida hospitals from which cases had been reported was 1.7 per 10,000 live births, and tended to be higher in hospitals using erythromycin than in hospitals using any other prophylactic eye treatment. This study suggests that the rate of neonatal gonococcal infection, in particular ophthalmia neonatorum, may have increased in Florida among high-risk populations between 1984 and 1988, and underscores the need for targeted prevention efforts and surveillance. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 19 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA HK774 UT WOS:A1992HK77400008 PM 1595011 ER PT J AU HEROLD, JM VALENZUELA, MS MORRIS, L AF HEROLD, JM VALENZUELA, MS MORRIS, L TI PREMARITAL SEXUAL-ACTIVITY AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SANTIAGO, CHILE SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article AB The Santiago Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey was conducted in 1988 to examine the sexual behavior of and contraceptive use among young adults in Chile. The survey was based on multistage household probability samples of 865 women and 800 men aged 15-24 who were living in Santiago in 1988. Findings show that 35 percent of females and 65 percent of males had had premarital intercourse. Among those who had done so, the median age at first experience was 18.4 years for women and 16.4 years for men. Only 20 percent of females and 19 percent of males used contraceptives at first premarital intercourse. Use of contraceptives increased with age at the time of that event. Fertility data reveal that 70 percent of first births were premaritally conceived, and more than one-third of these were born prior to union. The high rates of premarital and unintended pregnancy among young women and the low prevalence of effective contraceptive use indicate a need for greater emphasis on sex education and family planning services directed at adolescents and unmarried young adults in Santiago. C1 UNIV CHILE,SCH MED,DEPT PUBL HLTH,SANTIAGO,CHILE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HEROLD, JM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POPULATION COUNCIL PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 128 EP 136 DI 10.2307/1966542 PG 9 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT404 UT WOS:A1992HT40400006 PM 1604459 ER PT J AU TORAASON, M BOHRMAN, JS KRIEG, E COMBES, RD WILLINGTON, SE ZAJAC, W LANGENBACH, R AF TORAASON, M BOHRMAN, JS KRIEG, E COMBES, RD WILLINGTON, SE ZAJAC, W LANGENBACH, R TI EVALUATION OF THE V79 CELL METABOLIC COOPERATION ASSAY AS A SCREEN INVITRO FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID GAP-JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; INHIBITION; COOPERATION; TERATOGENS; VALIDATION; GROWTH; AGENTS; LINES AB Inhibition of intercellular communication is proposed to be one of several possible mechanisms of teratogenesis. 38 coded compounds were tested for their effect on intercellular communication in the V79 cell metabolic co-operation assay. Test chemicals were selected from a list of 47 agents recommended for the evaluation of assays in vitro for developmental toxicants. In addition to testing the effects of chemicals on intercellular communication, a separate cytotoxicity assay determined the concentration of each chemical that inhibited clonal expansion of V79 cells. Seven of the 29 designated teratogens were positive for inhibition of intercellular communication in the V79 assay. Additionally, four teratogens and one non-teratogen inhibited intercellular communication at only a single concentration or at cytotoxic concentrations and were scored as equivocal. Therefore, the sensitivity of the V79 assay for teratogens was 24% (seven of 29 teratogens tested positive), or 38% if the four equivocal chemicals are considered positive. None of the nine non-teratogens unequivocally inhibited intercellular communication, resulting in a specificity of 100%, which decreased to 89% when the single equivocal score was considered positive. The overall accuracy for correctly identifying teratogens and non-teratogens was 42% when equivocal chemicals were considered negative, and 50% if they were considered positive in the V79 assay. The results demonstrate that despite relatively low accuracy regarding a diverse group of developmental toxicants, chemicals that did inhibit intercellular communication under the present conditions had a high probability of being a teratogen. The low accuracy reported here contrasts with earlier reports on the assay and possible reasons for this are discussed. C1 INVERESK RES INT LTD,MUSSELBURGH EH21 7UB,SCOTLAND. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP TORAASON, M (reprint author), NIOSH,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT C23,DBBS,CDC,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD MAR PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(92)90011-F PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA HL185 UT WOS:A1992HL18500011 PM 20732108 ER PT J AU KIM, DM BRECHER, ME BLAND, LA ESTES, TJ CARMEN, RA NELSON, EJ AF KIM, DM BRECHER, ME BLAND, LA ESTES, TJ CARMEN, RA NELSON, EJ TI VISUAL IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIALLY CONTAMINATED RED-CELLS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; SEPSIS; CENTRIFUGATION; BACTEREMIA; GROWTH AB There have been increasing numbers of reports of transfusion-acquired Yersinia enterocolitica bacteremia (including several fatal cases). Fifteen units of whole blood were inoculated with various concentrations of Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3 and processed into AS-3 preserved red cells (RBCs). Consistent growth of the organism was found at inoculum concentrations greater than or equal to 10 colony-forming units per mL. In all 13 units of RBCs that supported the growth of Y. enterocolitica, a darkening in color (due to hemolysis and a decrease in pO2) was observed in the bag. The attached sample segments, which were sealed from the main unit, remained sterile and did not darken. This color change was apparent in all the contaminated units by Day 35, which was 1.5 to 2 weeks after the bacteria were first detected in cultures of the blood. Hence, by comparison of the color of the segment tubing with that of the unit itself, units grossly contaminated with Y. enterocolitica can be identified prior to transfusion. Moreover, review of photographs on file at the Centers for Disease Control revealed this dramatic color change in 2 units of blood that caused transfusion-transmitted sepsis (Enterobacter agglomerans and an unidentified gram-negative bacillus, not Yersinia sp.), which demonstrated that the color change was not limited to Y. enterocolitica. This method of visual identification of contaminated units of blood could decrease the incidence of posttransfusion bacterial sepsis. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,TRANSFUS MED SECT,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CUTTER BIOL MILES INC,BLOOD MANAGEMENT SYST,BERKELEY,CA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR-APR PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32392213804.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA HN281 UT WOS:A1992HN28100007 PM 1557802 ER PT J AU MVONDO, JL JAMES, MA CAMPBELL, CC AF MVONDO, JL JAMES, MA CAMPBELL, CC TI MALARIA AND PREGNANCY IN CAMEROONIAN WOMEN - EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITEMIA AND THE RESPONSE TO CHLOROQUINE SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; PLACENTA; AFRICA; INVIVO AB The interaction between malaria and pregnancy was investigated in an epidemiologic study conducted in Mfou, a rural community in Cameroon. The study consisted of both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses involving 225 pregnant women and 75 nonpregnant controls. Information was obtained by a standardized questionnaire to determine the pattern of antimalarial drug use. The parasitologic response to chloroquine was also determined. A dosage of chloroquine base (25 mg/kg of body weight) was given to women over a 3-day period, followed by 5 mg/kg doses administered weekly for 4 weeks. The results showed that Plasmodium falciparum infections occurred more frequently in pregnant (45%) than in nonpregnant (31%) women in terms of parasite rates (p = 0.03) and density (p < 0.003), especially in primigravidae as compared with multigravidae matched for parity and age. Levels of parasitemia were also higher in the second trimester than in the first trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.01). Failure to clear parasitemia after a chloroquine regimen was more frequent in pregnant than in nonpregnant women (p < 0.01), particularly in primigravidae. Higher parasitemia and a lower parasitologic response to chloroquine in pregnant women, especially in primigravidae, suggest a relatively low level of clinical immunity and emphasize the need to target this group of women for malaria control strategies. C1 TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT TROP MED,1501 CANAL ST,5TH FLOOR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. INST MED RES & STUDY MED PLANTS,YAOUNDE,CAMEROON. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA HP449 UT WOS:A1992HP44900001 PM 1598501 ER PT J AU SARTIG, E SCHANTZ, PM AGUILERA, J LOPEZ, A AF SARTIG, E SCHANTZ, PM AGUILERA, J LOPEZ, A TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON PORCINE CYSTICERCOSIS IN A RURAL-COMMUNITY OF MICHOACAN STATE, MEXICO SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM AB The prevalence of and risk factors for Taenia solium infection (cysticercosis) in pigs were studied in a rural community in Michoacan State, Mexico. Visual inspection of the tongues of 216 pigs revealed cysticerci in 14 (6.5%). The prevalence was slightly higher in male (10/105) than female pigs (4/110) (P = 0.06) and increased with age (P < 0.05). The most important risk factors for infection in pigs were access to human feces at a public washing area (P = 0.004), the presence of an indoor latrine (P = 0.05) and indiscriminate disposal of human feces around the pig owner's household (P < 0.1). Effective and long-lasting control of the transmission of T. solium from humans to pigs must include measures to deny pigs access to human feces, a change which is likely to be resisted because of the traditional and functional aspects of established pig-rearing practices. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SECRETARIA SALUD,DIRECC GEN EPIDEMIOL,ANICETO ORTEGA 1321,DF,MEXICO. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90079-O PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA HN313 UT WOS:A1992HN31300003 PM 1502782 ER PT J AU SANDEN, GN FIELDS, BS BARBAREE, JM MORRILL, WE FEELEY, JC AF SANDEN, GN FIELDS, BS BARBAREE, JM MORRILL, WE FEELEY, JC TI BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF TRI-IODINATED AND PENTA-IODINATED RESINS AGAINST LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DISINFECTION; POTABLE WATER; PENTA-IODINATED QUATERNARY-AMMONIUM-ANION-EXCHANGE RESINS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA ID NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; TAP WATER; INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION; AMEBAS; DISINFECTANT; CHLORINE; SYSTEMS; ACANTHAMOEBA; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION AB Quaternary-ammonium-anion-exchange resins binding tri-iodides or penta-iodides were tested for their ability to disinfect water containing Legionella pneumophila. Results indicate that the iodinated resins are stable demand-release disinfectants. No residual iodine was detected by amperometric titration in the eluate from tri-iodinated or washed penta-iodinated resins. When an aqueous suspension containing 2.7 x 10(9) cfu of L. pneumophila per ml was passed through tri-iodinated resins, less than 0.004% were recovered. No viable cells were detected by direct plating from a suspension of 2.3 x 10(9) cfu per ml eluted through penta-iodinated resins (> 99.99999% viability reduction). This disinfectant was less effective if legionellae were ingested by Tetrahymena pyriformis before exposure. Penta-iodinated resins were also less active at 4-degrees-C, when tested with water designed to inhibit halogen disinfectants and waters containing high concentrations of organic matter or total dissolved solids. Further study of penta-iodinated resins as a disinfectant of potable water containing L. pneumophila is warranted. RP SANDEN, GN (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 365 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90033-Z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA HF383 UT WOS:A1992HF38300012 ER PT J AU MOHLEBOETANI, J AKULA, SK HOLODNIY, M KATZENSTEIN, D GARCIA, G AF MOHLEBOETANI, J AKULA, SK HOLODNIY, M KATZENSTEIN, D GARCIA, G TI THE SULFONE SYNDROME IN A PATIENT RECEIVING DAPSONE PROPHYLAXIS FOR PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HYPERSENSITIVITY C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,CLIN GASTROENTEROL UNIT,RM S-069,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PALO ALTO,CA. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,AIDS CLIN TRIALS UNIT,STANFORD,CA 94305. TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27666-04] NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD MAR PY 1992 VL 156 IS 3 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HJ569 UT WOS:A1992HJ56900020 PM 1595261 ER PT J AU LORIA, C SEMPOS, C CARROLL, M JOHNSON, C AF LORIA, C SEMPOS, C CARROLL, M JOHNSON, C TI SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL-FACTORS RELATED TO FAT AND CHOLESTEROL CONSUMPTION AMONG 3 HISPANIC GROUPS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CDC,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP A1682 EP A1682 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HH271 UT WOS:A1992HH27100478 ER PT J AU MAKDANI, D SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW HEGAR, A RAO, D SMITH, JC AF MAKDANI, D SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW HEGAR, A RAO, D SMITH, JC TI SERUM CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS OF CHILDREN IN BELIZE, CENTRAL-AMERICA SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65101. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BELIZE GOVT HOSP,BELIZE CITY,BELIZE. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP A1657 EP A1657 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HH271 UT WOS:A1992HH27100332 ER PT J AU QUINN, A CROSSLEY, C FISCHETTI, V DALE, J SHINNICK, T CUNNINGHAM, M AF QUINN, A CROSSLEY, C FISCHETTI, V DALE, J SHINNICK, T CUNNINGHAM, M TI EPITOPES ARE SHARED BETWEEN STREPTOCOCCAL M PROTEINS AND THE MYCOBACTERIAL HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN (HSP)-65 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,HLTH SCI CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38104. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP A1795 EP A1795 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HH271 UT WOS:A1992HH27101134 ER PT J AU SERDULA, M BYERS, T COATES, R MOKDAD, A ELDRIDGE, L AF SERDULA, M BYERS, T COATES, R MOKDAD, A ELDRIDGE, L TI ASSESSING INTAKES OF HIGH-FAT FOODS - THE EFFECT OF COMBINING FOOD ITEMS INTO SINGLE FOOD GROUP QUESTIONS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCCDPHP,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP A1792 EP A1792 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HH271 UT WOS:A1992HH27101116 ER PT J AU KIM, I YIP, R TROWBRIDGE, FL AF KIM, I YIP, R TROWBRIDGE, FL TI AGE AND THE EFFECT OF GESTATIONAL WEIGHT-GAIN ON LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP A1208 EP A1208 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HG719 UT WOS:A1992HG71901567 ER PT J AU BARRETT, B KHURANA, K AFANADOR, JE FLEISSNER, ML AF BARRETT, B KHURANA, K AFANADOR, JE FLEISSNER, ML TI IGUANA-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS - INDIANA, 1990 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 38-39, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ACUTE DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIANA STATE BOARD HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BARRETT, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIS CONTROL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 8 BP 1053 EP 1054 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HE391 UT WOS:A1992HE39100007 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, DR WARREN, K AF HOPKINS, DR WARREN, K TI INTERNATIONAL-TASK-FORCE-FOR-DISEASE-ERADICATION (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 41, PG 40-42, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TECH SUPPORT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAXWELL COMMUN CORP,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOPKINS, DR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR,GLOBAL 2000 INC,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 26 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 8 BP 1053 EP 1053 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HE391 UT WOS:A1992HE39100006 ER PT J AU YIP, R SCANLON, K TROWBRIDGE, F AF YIP, R SCANLON, K TROWBRIDGE, F TI IMPROVING GROWTH STATUS OF ASIAN REFUGEE CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PHYSICAL GROWTH; BIRTH-WEIGHT; HEIGHT AB Objective. - To analyze the trend and pattern of the nutrition status of Southeast Asian refugee children and other low-income children in the United States. Design. - Descriptive analysis of the growth data from the Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, from 1980 through 1989. Subjects. - Children under 5 years of age from low-income families enrolled in public health clinics in 12 selected states. Measurements and Main Results. - Asian refugee children experienced a progressive and significant decline in the prevalence of low birth weight, low height-for-age, and low weight-for-age, while these nutritional indexes remained stable for low-income white, black, and Hispanic children. By 1989, the growth status of Asian children was near that of other ethnic groups. Conclusions. - The marked improvement of growth status among Asian refugee children over a short period suggests that the poor growth status often observed among recently immigrated Asian children is primarily related to nutritional and health factors, rather than genetic factors. In assessing the growth of Asian or immigrant children, it would be helpful to take their family and early childhood background into account. RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAIL STOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 19 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 7 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.1001/jama.267.7.937 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HD155 UT WOS:A1992HD15500025 PM 1734105 ER PT J AU HEBERT, LE SCHERR, PA BECKETT, LA FUNKENSTEIN, HH ALBERT, MS CHOWN, MJ EVANS, DA AF HEBERT, LE SCHERR, PA BECKETT, LA FUNKENSTEIN, HH ALBERT, MS CHOWN, MJ EVANS, DA TI RELATION OF SMOKING AND ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION TO INCIDENT ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGED; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INCIDENCE; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING ID RISK-FACTORS; COMMUNITY POPULATION; DRINKING; HEALTH; MEN AB The authors examined the effects of smoking and alcohol use in a prospective community-based study of incident Alzheimer's disease. Two in-home interviews of the total elderly population of East Boston, Massachusetts, conducted in 1982 and 1985 were used to sample individuals for clinical evaluation for Alzheimer's disease. A total of 513 persons underwent detailed clinical evaluation including neurologic, neuropsychologic, and psychiatric evaluation to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. In weighted logistic regression controlled for age, sex, and education, the estimated odds ratio of Alzheimer's disease was 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.3-1.4) for ever smokers compared with never smokers. For 40 pack-years of smoking, the odds ratio of Alzheimer's disease was 0.8 (95% confidence interval 0.6-1.1). Consumption of 1 oz (30 ml) of alcohol per day was associated with an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.8-1.5). These results suggest that recent mild-to-moderate consumption of alcohol is not substantially related to incidence of Alzheimer's disease and that smoking does not increase risk of the disease. C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CTR RES HLTH & AGING,1653 W CONGRESS PKWY,CHICAGO,IL 60612. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,AGING BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02114. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02114. FU NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-O-2107, AG05362, N01-AG-1-2106] NR 27 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 4 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT763 UT WOS:A1992HT76300003 PM 1550089 ER PT J AU OTTEN, MW DEMING, MS JAITEH, KO FLAGG, EW FORGIE, I SANYANG, Y SILLAH, B BROGAN, D GOWERS, P AF OTTEN, MW DEMING, MS JAITEH, KO FLAGG, EW FORGIE, I SANYANG, Y SILLAH, B BROGAN, D GOWERS, P TI EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS IN THE GAMBIA FOLLOWING THE CONTROL OF POLIOMYELITIS AS AN ENDEMIC DISEASE .1. DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL AB An epidemic of type 1 poliomyelitis involving 305 cases occurred in The Gambia (estimated 1986 population, 768,995) from May through November 1986, following a 6-year period when only five cases were reported. Cases were identified by physician reporting during the epidemic and by a national village-to-village search conducted after the epidemic. The national attack rate was 40 cases per 100,000 people. Cases lived in all parts of the country except the capital, Banjul. The peak month of the epidemic was August (139 cases). The highest attack rate by year of age was in 1-year-old children (394 cases per 100,000 persons), and 75% of cases were 3 years of age or less. A vaccination coverage survey showed that 64% (95% confidence interval 60-68) of 1- to 2-year-old children were vaccinated with at least three doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine at the beginning of the epidemic. Fifty-seven cases became paralyzed more than 2 weeks after a national mass campaign in which 95% of children 1-7 years old were reported to have received a dose of trivalent oral polio vaccine. Experience in The Gambia shows that a several-year period of excellent control of endemic poliomyelitis by a vaccination program can be followed by a major epidemic and that a mass vaccination campaign may be only partially successful in ending the epidemic. C1 MED & HLTH DEPT,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. MRC,FAJARA,SENEGAMBIA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. WHO,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. RP OTTEN, MW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV TECH SUPPORT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 4 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT763 UT WOS:A1992HT76300006 PM 1312772 ER PT J AU DEMING, MS JAITEH, KO OTTEN, MW FLAGG, EW JALLOW, M CHAM, M BROGAN, D NJIE, H AF DEMING, MS JAITEH, KO OTTEN, MW FLAGG, EW JALLOW, M CHAM, M BROGAN, D NJIE, H TI EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS IN THE GAMBIA FOLLOWING THE CONTROL OF POLIOMYELITIS AS AN ENDEMIC DISEASE .2. CLINICAL EFFICACY OF TRIVALENT ORAL POLIO VACCINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLIOMYELITIS; POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL; VACCINES ID PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; ENHANCED-POTENCY; TROPICAL AFRICA; IMMUNIZATION; INJECTIONS; CHILDREN; FIELD AB An epidemic of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus type 1 occurred in The Gambia from May to November 1986. Descriptive findings and vaccination coverage levels are reported in part I. This article (part II) describes a case-control study to estimate the clinical efficacy of three or more doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine compared with zero doses. "Cases" were 1- to 7-year-old children paralyzed during the epidemic who were diagnosed as having poliomyelitis by designated referral physicians. They were identified by reports from referral physicians during the epidemic and by a nationwide village-to-village search after the epidemic. Up to five controls were randomly selected for each case from among children of the same age and sex living in neighboring households. In a matched analysis of 195 cases and 839 controls, the efficacy of three or more doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine was 72% (95% confidence interval 57-82) when children without vaccination cards were considered unvaccinated. The efficacy of three or more doses in 1- to 2-year-old children, in whom the determination of vaccination status was considered to be more accurate than in older children, was 81% (95% confidence interval 66-90). Vaccine failure was not associated with short intervals between doses. Higher levels of vaccination coverage and efficacy than those achieved in The Gambia may be needed in African countries to prevent the return of poliomyelitis as an epidemic disease after it has been controlled as an endemic disease. C1 MINIST HLTH LABOR & SOCIAL AFFAIRS,DEPT MED & HLTH,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP DEMING, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV TECHN SUPPORT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 4 BP 393 EP 408 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HT763 UT WOS:A1992HT76300007 PM 1550091 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, A MIRANDA, P TEJADA, E FISHBEIN, DB AF LOPEZ, A MIRANDA, P TEJADA, E FISHBEIN, DB TI OUTBREAK OF HUMAN RABIES IN THE PERUVIAN JUNGLE SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Transmission of rabies to man by vampire bats has been known for 60 years but there have been few reports of the features of rabies transmitted in this way. These aspects of the disease were investigated during an outbreak in Peru in early 1990. Between Jan 1 and April 30, 1990, 29 (5%) of 636 residents of the two rural communities in the Amazon Jungle in Peru acquired an illness characterised by hydrophobia, fever, and headache and died shortly thereafter. A census in one of the two towns revealed that the proportion affected was significantly higher for 5-14 year olds (17%) than for other age-groups (p < 10(-5)). Interviews conducted with 23 of the patients or their families revealed that 22 (96%) had a history of bat bite, compared with 66 (22%) of 301 community members who remained healthy (p < 10(-6)). A rabies virus strain identical to those isolated from vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) was isolated from the brain of the only person on whom necropsy could be done. Because of the extreme isolation of this and other communities affected by bat-transmitted rabies, preventive measures should be directed at decreasing the risk of nocturnal exposure to bats by bat proofing dwellings or use of mosquito nets and at prompt wound care. Rabies pre-exposure or postexposure vaccination is clearly indicated, but may not be feasible in these isolated populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INT BRANCH,MAILSTOP C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST SALUD,PROGRAMA ENTRENAMIENTO & EPIDEMIOL CAMPO,OFICIANA GEN EPIDEMIOL,LIMA,PERU. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 15 PY 1992 VL 339 IS 8790 BP 408 EP 411 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HD659 UT WOS:A1992HD65900013 PM 1346669 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, RE WEIGEL, WW KRIEG, EF AF SAVAGE, RE WEIGEL, WW KRIEG, EF TI INDUCTION OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY BY 4,4'-METHYLENE BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE) IN THE RAT SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MOCA; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE ID REFRACTORY STATE; LIVER; MICE; MOCA; 4,4'-METHYLENE-BIS-(2-CHLOROANILINE); 4,4'-METHYLENE-BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE); 2-CHLOROANILINE; MUTAGENICITY; DERIVATIVES; CARCINOGEN AB The effects of the curative extender 4,4'-methylene bis (2-chloraniline) (MOCA), an established experimental carcinogen that exhibits activity in rat liver, on hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was investigated. Male Sprague - Dawley rats were injected i.p. with 75 mg/kg MOCA and killed 6, 12, 18, 24, 42 and 48 h later. Stimulation with MOCA of liver cytosolic ODC was first evident at 6 h, peaked at 12 h and returned to control levels by 42 h. The liver enzyme was refractory to stimulation by a second treatment of MOCA within the dosing intervals examined. The magnitude of stimulation of the enzyme by this aromatic amine was dependent on dose and route of administration. RP SAVAGE, RE (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(92)90199-6 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA HH325 UT WOS:A1992HH32500008 PM 1540933 ER PT J AU SCHLENKER, TL BAIN, C BAUGHMAN, AL HADLER, SC AF SCHLENKER, TL BAIN, C BAUGHMAN, AL HADLER, SC TI MEASLES HERD-IMMUNITY - THE ASSOCIATION OF ATTACK RATES WITH IMMUNIZATION RATES IN PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Objective. - To examine the association between incidence of measles and immunization coverage among preschool-age children. Design. - An ecological study in which measles incidence was compared with immunization coverage among census tracts. The independent effects of race and population density were controlled for. Setting. - A recent measles outbreak in Milwaukee, Wis. immunization coverage data were estimated from a retrospective, school-based survey of Milwaukee grade school students. Patients. - One thousand eleven persons (less-than-or-equal-to 17 years) who had confirmed measles from September 1989 through June 1990. Main Outcome Measures. - Confirmed measles cases grouped by census tract, corresponding census tract preoutbreak immunization coverage, racial breakdown, and population density. Results. - Census tracts stratified into four levels, with mean immunization rates of 50.4%, 60.2%, 69.9%, and 81.0%, had respective median attack rates of 11.6, 5.0, 1.7, and 0.0 cases per 1000 persons (P < .01). The association between immunization coverage and measles attack rate remained significant even after controlling for race and population density. Conclusions. - Modest improvements in low levels of immunization coverage among 2-year-olds confer substantial protection against measles outbreaks. Coverage of 80% or less may be sufficient to prevent sustained measles outbreaks in an urban community. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,DATA MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHLENKER, TL (reprint author), MILWAUKEE HLTH DEPT,841 N BROADWAY,MILWAUKEE,WI 53202, USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 12 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 6 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1001/jama.267.6.823 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HC484 UT WOS:A1992HC48400027 PM 1732654 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF ONORATO, IM CANNON, RO HARTLEY, TM ROBERTS, B HOSEIN, B KAPLAN, JE AF KHABBAZ, RF ONORATO, IM CANNON, RO HARTLEY, TM ROBERTS, B HOSEIN, B KAPLAN, JE TI SEROPREVALENCE OF HTLV-I AND HTLV-II AMONG INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS AND PERSONS IN CLINICS FOR SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ABUSERS; PREVALENCE; AIDS; MEN AB Background. The human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia and myelopathy, whereas HTLV-II infection has uncertain clinical consequences. We assessed the seroprevalence of these retroviruses among intravenous drug users and among patients seen at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD clinics). Methods. We used serum samples that were collected in eight cities in 1988 and 1989 during surveys of human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug users entering treatment and persons seen in STD clinics. The serum samples were tested for antibodies to HTLV, and positive specimens were tested further by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate between HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Results. Among 3217 intravenous drug users in 29 drug-treatment centers, the median seroprevalence rates of HTLV varied widely according to city (range, 0.4 percent in Atlanta to 17.6 percent in Los Angeles). Seroprevalence increased sharply with age, to 32 percent in persons over 44 years of age. HTLV infection was more common among blacks (15.5 percent) and Hispanics (10.7 percent) than among whites (4.1 percent), and it was strongly associated with a history of heroin injection (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001). Among 5264 patients in 24 STD clinics, the median rates of HTLV infection were much lower (range, 0.1 percent in Atlanta and Newark to 2.0 percent in Los Angeles). Again, this infection was more common among intravenous drug users (7.6 percent) than among non-drug users (0.7 percent). Eighty-four percent of the seropositive samples from drug-treatment centers and 69 percent of those from STD clinics were due to HTLV-II infection (P = 0.03). Conclusions. HTLV infection is common among intravenous drug users and is primarily caused by HTLV-II. Among patients seen at STD clinics, HTLV is strongly associated with intravenous drug use, but the retrovirus is also prevalent among non-drug users. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNITED BIOMED INC,LAKE SUCCESS,NY. RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MS-A32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 148 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 6 PY 1992 VL 326 IS 6 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1056/NEJM199202063260604 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HC386 UT WOS:A1992HC38600004 PM 1729620 ER PT J AU CHIAO, E DREW, E PETRINI, J WHITE, W HAYES, K HADLER, J AF CHIAO, E DREW, E PETRINI, J WHITE, W HAYES, K HADLER, J TI EARLY-CHILDHOOD VACCINATION LEVELS (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 40, PG 888-891, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. RP CHIAO, E (reprint author), YALE UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 5 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 5 BP 628 EP 629 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HB354 UT WOS:A1992HB35400006 ER PT J AU MANDELBLATT, JS FAHS, M GARIBALDI, K SENIE, RT PETERSON, HB AF MANDELBLATT, JS FAHS, M GARIBALDI, K SENIE, RT PETERSON, HB TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIV-INFECTION AND CERVICAL NEOPLASIA - IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE OF WOMEN AT RISK FOR BOTH CONDITIONS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; CERVICAL NEOPLASIA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; META-ANALYSIS; SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE; UNITED-STATES; TRIALS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; ABNORMALITIES AB Objective: Both AIDS and cervical neoplasia (CN) can result from sexual transmission of HIV infection and may affect similar groups of women. Available data on the association between AIDS and CN have practical implications for gynecological care. We review these data to provide an estimate of the magnitude of the association between CN and HIV infection. Design: Twenty-one studies were reviewed, including reports and abstracts published from January 1986 to July 1990. Of these, five included a comparison group and had sufficient data for inclusion in the analysis. Results: All five controlled studies reported a significant association between HIV infection and CN. One included women with both intraepithelial and invasive lesions; the other four considered women with intraepithelial lessons only. The summary odds ratio indicated that the odds of HIV-infected women having CN are 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 3.0-8.2) times that of HIV-negative women. Conclusions: Research is needed to clarify etiological relationships and the role of human papillomavirus in the causal pathway of the observed association. Meanwhile, available data are sufficient to encourage regular Papanicolaou's smear screening ot HIV-infected women, and HIV testing and counseling of women with CN considered at risk for HIV infection. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,DIV HLTH ECON,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CTR DIS CONTROL,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MANDELBLATT, JS (reprint author), MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV CANC CONTROL,1275 YORK AVE,BOX 60,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. NR 42 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB PY 1992 VL 6 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1097/00002030-199202000-00005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA HG615 UT WOS:A1992HG61500005 PM 1558715 ER PT J AU SPRAUER, MA COCHI, SL ZELL, ER SUTTER, RW MULLEN, JR ENGLENDER, SJ PATRIARCA, PA AF SPRAUER, MA COCHI, SL ZELL, ER SUTTER, RW MULLEN, JR ENGLENDER, SJ PATRIARCA, PA TI PREVENTION OF SECONDARY TRANSMISSION OF PERTUSSIS IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH EARLY USE OF ERYTHROMYCIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL STAFF; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; SPREAD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY; FACILITY AB To examine the effectiveness of erythromycin therapy and prophylaxis for pertussis, 1 7 households with one secondary case or more were compared with 20 households without secondary cases following a community-wide pertussis outbreak in Maricopa County, Arizona, in 1988. There were no significant differences between the two household groups in age distribution of members, size, crowding, race, proportion of children aged 7 months to 18 years with three or more diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine doses, or in the age distribution, vaccination status, or medical care of patients with primary cases. However, median intervals from onset of illness in primary cases to initiation of erythromycin therapy (for cases) and prophylaxis (for contacts) were 11 and 16 days, respectively, in households without secondary spread, vs 21 and 22 days, respectively, in households with secondary spread. These results provide additional evidence that erythromycin is effective in the medical management of pertussis and should be initiated promptly to minimize secondary spread. C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV DIS PREVENT,PHOENIX,AZ. RP SPRAUER, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD FEB PY 1992 VL 146 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HC690 UT WOS:A1992HC69000012 PM 1733147 ER PT J AU GANGAROSA, RE GLASS, RI LEW, JF BORING, JR AF GANGAROSA, RE GLASS, RI LEW, JF BORING, JR TI HOSPITALIZATIONS INVOLVING GASTROENTERITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1985 - THE SPECIAL BURDEN OF THE DISEASE AMONG THE ELDERLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGED; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; GERIATRICS; HOSPITALIZATION; MORTALITY; RISK FACTORS ID ROTAVIRUS AB While diarrheal disease is a well-recognized problem in children, its impact in the elderly has not been adequately assessed. Among the 4.06 million hospitalizations in 1985 in the McDonnell-Douglas Health Information System database, 98,185 hospitalizations, including 1,130 deaths, had gastroenteritis recorded as a discharge diagnosis. The authors analyzed the 87,181 hospitalizations and 514 deaths for which gastroenteritis was one of the top three diagnoses. Gastroenteritis was among the top three diagnoses in 9% of all hospitalizations of children 1-4 years of age, compared with 1.5% of hospitalizations throughout adulthood (greater-than-or-equal-to 20 years). Only 0.05% of hospitalizations involving gastroenteritis were fatal for children younger than 5 years, compared with 3% in individuals 80 years or older. While children aged less than 5 years and adults aged 60 years or more each comprised one-fourth of hospitalizations involving gastroenteritis, the older group represented 85% of diarrheal deaths. Age was the most important risk factor for death subsequent to a hospitalization involving gastroenteritis (odds ratio = 52.6, 95% confidence interval 37.0-76.9 for age greater-than-or-equal-to 70 years vs. < 5 years). Gastroenteritis is a large, underemphasized public health problem among the elderly, among whom its case-fatality ratio is higher than in children. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 3 BP 281 EP 290 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HJ918 UT WOS:A1992HJ91800009 PM 1546704 ER PT J AU DECOUFLE, P HOLMGREEN, P BOYLE, CA STROUP, NE AF DECOUFLE, P HOLMGREEN, P BOYLE, CA STROUP, NE TI SELF-REPORTED HEALTH-STATUS OF VIETNAM VETERANS IN RELATION TO PERCEIVED EXPOSURE TO HERBICIDES AND COMBAT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMBAT DISORDERS; HERBICIDES; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; SOMATIZATION DISORDERS; STRESS; VETERANS; VIETNAM ID AMERICAN LEGIONNAIRES; STRESS DISORDER; WAR; EXPERIENCE; SERVICES; DISTRESS; SITES AB The authors examined how the self-reported health of 7,924 US Army Vietnam veterans in 1985-1986 related to the men's perceived exposure to herbicides and combat in Vietnam. The results showed strong, positive associations between the extent of reported herbicide exposure (classified as a four-level ordinal index) and all 21 health outcomes studied, with clear "dose-response" relations in most instances. In contrast, only chloracne and psychological symptoms, including a symptom pattern consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder, were found to be strongly related to the amount of reported combat exposure (classified as a four-level ordinal index). The multiple herbicide/outcome associations seem implausible because of their nonspecificity and because of collateral biologic evidence suggesting the absence of widespread exposure to dioxin-containing herbicides among US Army combat units. These associations may have resulted from long-term stress reactions that produced somatization, hypochondriasis, and increased utilization of medical care among some Vietnam veterans. The available data suggest, however, that the association between reported combat exposure and psychological symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder may be causal. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DECOUFLE, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 3 BP 312 EP 323 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HJ918 UT WOS:A1992HJ91800012 PM 1546707 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB MILLAR, JD AF THACKER, SB MILLAR, JD TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELING AND ATTEMPTS TO ELIMINATE MEASLES - A TRIBUTE TO THE LATE MACDONALD,GEORGE - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1992 VL 135 IS 3 BP 329 EP 330 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA HJ918 UT WOS:A1992HJ91800020 ER PT J AU HUTTON, MD POLDER, JA AF HUTTON, MD POLDER, JA TI GUIDELINES FOR PREVENTING TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION IN HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS - WHATS NEW SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Note RP HUTTON, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,MAIL STOP E-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(05)80121-X PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HE334 UT WOS:A1992HE33400006 PM 1313212 ER PT J AU HUTTON, MD AF HUTTON, MD TI WHAT IS A DISPOSABLE PARTICULATE RESPIRATOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article RP HUTTON, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCPS,INFORMAT SERV MAIL STOP E-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 41 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(05)80126-9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA HE334 UT WOS:A1992HE33400011 PM 1554149 ER EF