FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU GILES, WH ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF YIP, R MARKS, J AF GILES, WH ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF YIP, R MARKS, J TI BODY IRON STORES AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP GILES, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 27 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 17 BP 1159 EP 1160 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PN065 UT WOS:A1994PN06500022 PM 7935648 ER PT J AU SEMPOS, CT LOOKER, AC GILLUM, RF MAKUC, DM AF SEMPOS, CT LOOKER, AC GILLUM, RF MAKUC, DM TI BODY IRON STORES AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SEMPOS, CT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 27 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 17 BP 1160 EP 1160 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PN065 UT WOS:A1994PN06500023 ER PT J AU BAKER, EL MELTON, RJ STANGE, PV FIELDS, ML KOPLAN, JP GUERRA, FA SATCHER, D AF BAKER, EL MELTON, RJ STANGE, PV FIELDS, ML KOPLAN, JP GUERRA, FA SATCHER, D TI HEALTH REFORM AND THE HEALTH OF THE PUBLIC - FORGING COMMUNITY-HEALTH PARTNERSHIPS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARE SYSTEM; PERSPECTIVE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. DEPT HLTH MONTEREY CTY,SALINAS,CA. ASSOC SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA. PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,ATLANTA,GA. METROPOLITAN HLTH DIST,SAN ANTONIO,TX. RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E20,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 26 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 16 BP 1276 EP 1282 DI 10.1001/jama.272.16.1276 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PN068 UT WOS:A1994PN06800034 PM 7772104 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, M AF MCKENNA, M TI TRANSMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP MCKENNA, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 16 BP 1093 EP 1094 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PL560 UT WOS:A1994PL56000014 PM 7993478 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR HAMBURG, MA AF FRIEDEN, TR HAMBURG, MA TI TRANSMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 20 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 16 BP 1095 EP 1096 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PL560 UT WOS:A1994PL56000020 ER PT J AU BESSER, RE FEIKIN, DR EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE MASCOLA, L GRIFFIN, PM AF BESSER, RE FEIKIN, DR EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE MASCOLA, L GRIFFIN, PM TI DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHOLERA IN THE UNITED-STATES - ARE WE PREPARED SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB Objective.-To assess cholera recognition and treatment by US health care workers in the largest cholera outbreak in the United States this century. Design.-We reviewed the medical records of passengers from a flight on which a cholera outbreak occurred. To determine the availability of oral rehydration solutions, we surveyed treatment facilities and referral pharmacies. Setting.-On February 14, 1992, more than 100 passengers on a flight from South America to Los Angeles, Calif, were infected with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01. Subjects.-Fifty-four of 67 passengers who sought care in California and Nevada. Results.-We reviewed the records of 54 passengers, including 39 with diarrhea and 15 without symptoms. All 17 persons who sought treatment before the outbreak was widely reported by the media had diarrhea. For 12 of these persons, recent travel to South America was noted, but only those four whose records listed cholera as a possible diagnosis were immediately hospitalized. Seven sought cars again within 3 days; three were dehydrated, two of these three were hospitalized, and one of these two died. None of the 26 patients suspected to have cholera received appropriate fluids; severely dehydrated patients did not receive Ringer's lactate solution and those not severely dehydrated did not receive an oral rehydration solution. None of the facilities and pharmacies involved stocked World Health Organization oral rehydration salts solution, the preferred solution for treating cho!era and other diarrheal diseases. Conclusions.-Treatment of cholera in the United States was suboptimal. Oral fluids appropriate for the treatment of cholera and other diarrheal diseases were generally unavailable. Widespread cholera in the developing world means that US physicians should be prepared to treat ''imported'' cases. Physicians evaluating patients with diarrhea should obtain a travel history, should consider cholera in patients returning from countries with endemic or epidemic cholera, and should instruct patients in appropriate use of World Health Organization oral rehydration salts solution or other oral rehydration solutions containing 75 to 90 mmol/L of sodium. Pharmacies and medical facilities should stock these solutions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTY LOS ANGELES DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 19 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 15 BP 1203 EP 1205 DI 10.1001/jama.272.15.1203 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PL212 UT WOS:A1994PL21200035 PM 7933349 ER PT J AU MATTE, TD PROOPS, D PALAZUELOS, E GRAEF, J AVILA, MH AF MATTE, TD PROOPS, D PALAZUELOS, E GRAEF, J AVILA, MH TI ACUTE HIGH-DOSE LEAD-EXPOSURE FROM BEVERAGE CONTAMINATED BY TRADITIONAL MEXICAN POTTERY SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Screening and follow-up blood lead measurements in a 7-year-old child of a US Embassy official in Mexico City revealed an increase in blood lead concentration from 1.10 to 4.60 mu mol/L in less than 4 weeks. The cause was traced to fruit punch contaminated with lead leached from traditional ceramic pottery urns. Consumption of the contaminated punch at a picnic was associated with a 20% increase in blood lead concentrations among embassy staff and dependants who were tested 6 weeks after the exposure. This episode highlights the continued health risk, even from brief exposure, posed by traditional pottery in Mexico. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US DEPT STATE,WASHINGTON,DC 20520. HOSP ABC,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CHILDRENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. INST NACL SALUD PUBL,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS,MEXICO. NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8929 BP 1064 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91715-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PL852 UT WOS:A1994PL85200015 PM 7934450 ER PT J AU SATTEN, GA MASTRO, TD LONGINI, IM AF SATTEN, GA MASTRO, TD LONGINI, IM TI MODELING THE FEMALE-TO-MALE PER-ACT HIV TRANSMISSION PROBABILITY IN AN EMERGING EPIDEMIC IN ASIA SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Research Application Conference on Quantitative Methods for Studying AIDS CY JUN 14-18, 1993 CL UNIV TUBINGEN, CONF CTR SOCIAL SCI, BLAUBEUREN, GERMANY SP SOCIETAL INST MATH SCI HO UNIV TUBINGEN, CONF CTR SOCIAL SCI ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; NORTHERN THAILAND; INFECTION; VIREMIA; MEN AB The per-sexual-act probability of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) from an infected person to a susceptible sex partner can be determined from a simple model if the number of contacts each study participant has with infected partners is known. The unusual epidemiologic situation in the emerging HIV epidemic in Thailand allowed this quantity to be estimated from a cross-sectional study of young men conscripted into the Thai military in 1991. Although the simple model does not fit the data, an errors-in-variables approach provides a model with adequate fit. Other sources of lack of fit, including heterogeneity of the transmission probability, are discussed. With adjustment for measurement error, the per-act probability is estimated to be 0.056, an order of magnitude higher than similar estimates in North America. Because data indicate that recently infected persons may be more infectious, and because extensive HIV transmission in Thailand began in 1988, this difference may be due, in part, to a higher proportion of recently infected individuals in the emerging Thai epidemic from 1988 to 1991. C1 HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP SATTEN, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP E-48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 19 TC 40 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 1994 VL 13 IS 19-20 BP 2097 EP 2106 DI 10.1002/sim.4780131918 PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA PQ293 UT WOS:A1994PQ29300017 PM 7846413 ER PT J AU DISMUKE, S MCWILLIAMS, N BOWDEN, S BURT, M HANSEN, J MILLER, M PERRY, L PELLETIER, A AF DISMUKE, S MCWILLIAMS, N BOWDEN, S BURT, M HANSEN, J MILLER, M PERRY, L PELLETIER, A TI ASSESSMENT OF UNDERVACCINATED CHILDREN FOLLOWING A MASS VACCINATION CAMPAIGN - KANSAS, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 572-573, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 JOHNSON CTY HLTH DEPT,MISSION,KS. KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,BUR DIS CONTROL,TOPEKA,KS. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP DISMUKE, S (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 14 BP 1094 EP 1094 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK124 UT WOS:A1994PK12400007 ER PT J AU BOYERCHU, L BASCOM, T FETRO, J UNTI, L COYLE, K GANDELMAN, A TAYLOR, F KEENE, W OBANION, J CASSIDY, W TAPIA, R AF BOYERCHU, L BASCOM, T FETRO, J UNTI, L COYLE, K GANDELMAN, A TAYLOR, F KEENE, W OBANION, J CASSIDY, W TAPIA, R TI HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION OF ADOLESCENTS - CALIFORNIA, LOUISIANA, AND OREGON, 1992-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 605-609, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 ETR ASSOCIATES,SANTA CRUZ,CA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV HLTH,PORTLAND,OR. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH MED,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BOYERCHU, L (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,DEPT SCH HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 14 BP 1096 EP 1097 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK124 UT WOS:A1994PK12400008 ER PT J AU RUTHERFORD, GW HOFFMAN, RE FRANCIS, BJ GENSHEIMER, KF ISRAEL, E WILCOX, KR DONNELL, HD SIMPSON, DM LASOTA, W AF RUTHERFORD, GW HOFFMAN, RE FRANCIS, BJ GENSHEIMER, KF ISRAEL, E WILCOX, KR DONNELL, HD SIMPSON, DM LASOTA, W TI INTERSTATE MEASLES TRANSMISSION FROM A SKI RESORT - COLORADO, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 627-629, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80220. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,BUR HLTH,AUGUSTA,ME 04333. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP RUTHERFORD, GW (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 14 BP 1097 EP 1098 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK124 UT WOS:A1994PK12400009 ER PT J AU GRANOFF, DM HOLMES, SJ BEISHE, RB OSTERHOLM, MT MCHUGH, JE ANDERSON, EL AF GRANOFF, DM HOLMES, SJ BEISHE, RB OSTERHOLM, MT MCHUGH, JE ANDERSON, EL TI EFFECT OF CARRIER PROTEIN PRIMING ON ANTIBODY-RESPONSES TO HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B CONJUGATE VACCINES IN INFANTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INDUCED EPITOPIC SUPPRESSION; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; DIPHTHERIA; IGG; INDUCTION; DISEASE AB Objective.-To assess the effect of priming with diphtheria and tetanus toroid vaccine (DT) at 1 month of age on the anticapsular polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody responses of infants vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus toroid conjugate (PRP-T) or PRP oligosaccharide-cross-reactive mutant diphtheria toxin conjugate (HbOC). Design.-Randomized controlled trial with serum samples assayed blindly. Participants and Setting.-Healthy infants enrolled in private pediatric practices; 94 (91%) of 103 infants had prevaccination and postvaccination serum samples available for analysis. Interventions.-Two groups received DT vaccination at 1 month of age and subsequent injections of PRP-T or HbOC conjugate vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The control groups were not vaccinated with DT but received PRP-T or HbOC at the same ages as the carrier-primed groups. Infants in all groups were given a booster injection of unconjugated PRP at 12 months of age to assess induction of immunologic memory. Main Outcome Measure.-Concentrations of serum antibody to PRP. Main Results.-The DT-primed infants given PRP-T had twofold to threefold higher geometric mean anti-PRP antibody responses after one (P less than or equal to.01), two (P less than or equal to.01), or three (P=.06) doses of conjugate vaccine than the infants of the unprimed group. The primed infants also had threefold higher memory antibody responses to the booster PRP injection given at 12 months of age (concentration of 24.4 vs 8.4 mu g/mL in infants not primed with DT; P<.01). The DT-primed infants given HbOC had twofold to threefold higher antibody responses after one (P=.07) or two (P<.01) doses of conjugate vaccine than the unprimed HbOC group, but there were no significant differences after the third dose of conjugate vaccine or after the PRP booster injection. Conclusions.-Vaccination with DT at 1 month of age increases the magnitude of the anti-PRP antibody responses to conjugate vaccination. With HbOC, the effect of carrier priming was present for up to 6 months of age, whereas in infants vaccinated with PRP-T, enhanced immunity was present for at least 12 months. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,EDWARD MALLINCKRODT DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NIAID,VACCINE EVALUAT UNIT,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CHILDRENS CLIN,WAYATA,MN. CHIRON CORP,BIOCENE CLIN RES,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. RP GRANOFF, DM (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP OAKLAND,RES INST,747 52ND ST,OAKLAND,CA 94609, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 17962, F33 AI 08851, AI 21842] NR 35 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 14 BP 1116 EP 1121 DI 10.1001/jama.272.14.1116 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK124 UT WOS:A1994PK12400031 PM 7933324 ER PT J AU BAUGHMAN, AL WILLIAMS, WW ATKINSON, WL COOK, LG COLLINS, M AF BAUGHMAN, AL WILLIAMS, WW ATKINSON, WL COOK, LG COLLINS, M TI THE IMPACT OF COLLEGE PREMATRICULATION IMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTS ON RISK FOR MEASLES OUTBREAKS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ADULTS AB Objective.-To assess whether prematriculation immunization requirements (PIRs) affect the number of measles cases on college campuses. Design.-We surveyed a stratified random sample of 880 colleges and universities to determine their immunization policies and practices and occurrence of measles outbreaks from 1988 through 1991. We merged national measles surveillance data with survey data by county to determine the risk for measles introduction on college campuses. We used logistic regression methods to estimate the effect of PIRs and assess risk factors for college measles outbreaks. Setting.-A total of 3205 US colleges and universities listed in standard guides. Results.-Of selected schools, 91 (11%) of the 796 responding schools reported one or more measles cases occurring from 1988 through 1991. Schools with a state-mandated PIR were significantly less likely to report measles outbreaks of two or more cases than other institutions (adjusted relative risk [RR]=0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11 to 0.84). None of the 14 schools that reported outbreaks of 10 or more cases was subject to state regulation or had a PIR specifying two doses of measles vaccine in place. Of schools with introduction of measles, residential colleges were more likely to report extensive spread of measles (five or more cases) than nonresidential colleges (RR=35.8; 95% CI, 2.08 to 617.0). Of public schools, 4-year programs had a higher risk of a large outbreak (five or more cases) than 2-year programs. Conclusions.-These results strongly support current recommendations for requiring proof of vaccination of college students to decrease the risk for measles outbreaks on college campuses. State regulations mandating PIRs ensure the best protection against widespread measles transmission. C1 UNIV PENN,STUDENT HLTH SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. AMER COLL HLTH ASSOC,BALTIMORE,MD. RP BAUGHMAN, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-52,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 14 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1001/jama.272.14.1127 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK124 UT WOS:A1994PK12400033 PM 7933326 ER PT J AU ORENSTEIN, WA BERNIER, RH AF ORENSTEIN, WA BERNIER, RH TI CROSSING THE DIVIDE FROM VACCINE TECHNOLOGY TO VACCINE DELIVERY - THE CRITICAL ROLE OF PROVIDERS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP ORENSTEIN, WA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 12 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 14 BP 1138 EP 1139 DI 10.1001/jama.272.14.1138 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK124 UT WOS:A1994PK12400035 PM 7933328 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, M BULKOW, LR GRABMAN, J PARKINSON, AJ CHAMBLEE, C WILLIAMS, WW LANIER, AP SCHIFFMAN, G AF DAVIDSON, M BULKOW, LR GRABMAN, J PARKINSON, AJ CHAMBLEE, C WILLIAMS, WW LANIER, AP SCHIFFMAN, G TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF PNEUMOCOCCAL REVACCINATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASE SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS; PERSISTENCE; INFLUENZA; CHILDREN; EFFICACY AB Background: To prevent serious pneumococcal infections, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for individuals over 24 months of age with chronic predisposing diseases and for healthy older adults. This nonrandomized controlled study in rural Alaska assessed the immunogenicity of revaccination in adults. Methods: Twenty-six adults, 33 to 88 years of age, vaccinated a mean of 7.4 years before this study, were matched to 26 previously unvaccinated subjects by age, number of chronic diseases, sex, and ethnicity. One or more chronic diseases were validated in 62% of subjects (32 of 52). All received a first or second intramuscular dose of pneumococcal vaccine. Antibody levels were determined by radioimmunoassay for 12 pneumococcal capsular serotypes immediately before and 20 to 84 days after vaccination. Results: Six to 9 years after primary vaccination, over one third of serotype-specific antibody levels were below 500 ng of antibody nitrogen per milliliter, equal to the percentage in unvaccinated subjects of similar age. Antibody levels against all pneumococcal serotypes rose to similar levels after primary vaccination and revaccination, and 54% and 55%, respectively, of subjects who received primary vaccination and revaccination had at least a 1.4-fold increase in antibody levels. Only the antibody level for serotype 4 remained low. Neither gender nor age affected peak response. For those with chronic diseases, there was a trend toward fewer low antibody levels against three or more serotypes after revaccination (two subjects [13%]) than after primary vaccination (five subjects [31%]). Conclusions: Following the initial immunization of highrisk and elderly patients with pneumococcal polysaccharide, pneumococcal antibody levels appear to wane with time. Primary vaccination and revaccination 6 or more years after a first dose of pneumococcal vaccine stimulate comparable mean antibody levels. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT MED,ANCHORAGE,AK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BROOKLYN,NY. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 10 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 19 BP 2209 EP 2214 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.19.2209 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK696 UT WOS:A1994PK69600011 PM 7944842 ER PT J AU DENNIS, DT AF DENNIS, DT TI PLAGUE IN INDIA SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP DENNIS, DT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 8 PY 1994 VL 309 IS 6959 BP 893 EP 894 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PL781 UT WOS:A1994PL78100005 PM 7950651 ER PT J AU HOLTGRAVE, DR QUALLS, NL AF HOLTGRAVE, DR QUALLS, NL TI HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLTGRAVE, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 7 PY 1994 VL 266 IS 5182 BP 16 EP 16 DI 10.1126/science.7802834 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PK582 UT WOS:A1994PK58200006 PM 7802834 ER PT J AU MOJICA, B HENNING, K BELL, E GREENBERG, A EDSTROM, R SMITH, B BIRKHEAD, G KONDRACKI, S WHITE, D BANDY, U LAPOSATA, E RITTMANN, M COMBS, W MATYAS, B AF MOJICA, B HENNING, K BELL, E GREENBERG, A EDSTROM, R SMITH, B BIRKHEAD, G KONDRACKI, S WHITE, D BANDY, U LAPOSATA, E RITTMANN, M COMBS, W MATYAS, B TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 548-549, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NASSAU CTY DEPT HLTH,MINEOLA,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,PROVIDENCE,RI. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP MOJICA, B (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 5 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 13 BP 997 EP 998 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PH775 UT WOS:A1994PH77500010 ER PT J AU BARRY, M BIA, F CULLEN, M DEMBRY, L FISCHER, S GELLER, D HIERHOLZER, W MCPHEDRAN, P RAINEY, P RUSSI, M SNYDER, E WRONE, E GONZALEZ, JP RICOHESSE, R TESH, R RYDER, R SHOPE, R QUINN, WP GALBRAITH, PD CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL DEMARIA, A AF BARRY, M BIA, F CULLEN, M DEMBRY, L FISCHER, S GELLER, D HIERHOLZER, W MCPHEDRAN, P RAINEY, P RUSSI, M SNYDER, E WRONE, E GONZALEZ, JP RICOHESSE, R TESH, R RYDER, R SHOPE, R QUINN, WP GALBRAITH, PD CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL DEMARIA, A TI ARENAVIRUS INFECTION - CONNECTICUT, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 635-636, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT. YALE UNIV,ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT. NEW HAVEN HLTH DEPT,NEW HAVEN,CT. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BARRY, M (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT, USA. RI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/C-5294-2011 OI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/0000-0001-6216-1000 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 5 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 13 BP 998 EP 999 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PH775 UT WOS:A1994PH77500011 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, KK SMITH, SJ AF STEINBERG, KK SMITH, SJ TI BREAST-CANCER AND ESTROGEN THERAPY - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID REPLACEMENT THERAPY; RISK RP STEINBERG, KK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 5 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 13 BP 1004 EP 1005 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PH775 UT WOS:A1994PH77500021 ER PT J AU KOGAN, MD PAPPAS, G YU, SM KOTELCHUCK, M AF KOGAN, MD PAPPAS, G YU, SM KOTELCHUCK, M TI OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATION USE AMONG US PRESCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SELF-MEDICATION; COMMON COLD AB Objective.-To estimate the prevalence of recent over-the-counter (OTC) medication use in a national sample of preschool-age children. Design.-Follow-up survey of a nationally representative sample of 3-year-old children in the US population by telephone or personal interview. Participants.-A total of 8145 children whose mothers were interviewed for the 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up to the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Main Outcome Measures.-Report of any OTC medications given in the past 30 days and the type of medications that the child received. Results.-During the past 30 days, 53.7% of all 3-year-old children in the United States were given some OTC medications. Among OTC medication users, the most common medications reported were Tylenol (66.7%) and cough or cold medicine (66.7%). Most respondents reported that recent child illness episodes (70%) were treated with OTC medications. After adjustment for recent child illness, women who were white (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.13 to 1.55), were more educated (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.00), and had higher incomes (OR, 1.75; 95% Cl, 1.33 to 2.30) were more likely to have given their child OTC medications. Women without health insurance were also more likely to have given OTC medications (OR, 1.27; 95% Cl, 1.04 to 1.55). Provider visits, but not telephone calls, were associated with a reduction in OTC medication usage. Conclusions.-Over-the-counter medications are an important component of health care for treating illness in US preschool-age children. The high prevalence of use has occurred despite the dearth of scientific proof for the effectiveness of certain classes of OTC medications and the risks associated with improper use. C1 US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,BUR MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP KOGAN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 32 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 5 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 13 BP 1025 EP 1030 DI 10.1001/jama.272.13.1025 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PH775 UT WOS:A1994PH77500027 PM 8089884 ER PT J AU DRIVER, CR VALWAY, SE MORGAN, WM ONORATO, IM CASTRO, KG AF DRIVER, CR VALWAY, SE MORGAN, WM ONORATO, IM CASTRO, KG TI TRANSMISSION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH AIR-TRAVEL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; FLIGHTS AB Objective.-To investigate potential transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in aircraft from a crew member with tuberculosis. Design.-Retrospective cohort study and survey. Setting.-A large US airline carrier. Participants.-A total of 212 crew members and 59 passengers who were exposed to a crew member with tuberculosis during a potentially infectious period (May through October 1992). Comparison volunteer sample of 247 unexposed crew members. Main Outcome Measures.-Positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result or tuberculosis. Results.-Rates of positive TST results were higher among foreign-born persons in all study groups. Among US-born comparisons and contacts, rates of positive TST results did not differ between comparisons and contacts exposed from May through July (5.3% vs 5.9%, respectively). However, contacts exposed from August through October had significantly higher rates of positive TST results than did contacts exposed from May through July (30% vs 5.8%, respectively; P<.001); two had documented TST conversions between September 1992 and February 1993. The risk of infection increased with increasing hours of exposure to the index case. Four (6.7%) of 59 frequent flyers were TST-positive; all flew in October. Conclusions.-Data support the conclusion that M tuberculosis was transmitted from an infectious crew member to other Grew members on an aircraft. Because of the clustering of TST-positive frequent flyers in October when the index patient was most infectious, transmission of M tuberculosis to passengers cannot be excluded. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DRIVER, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 5 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 13 BP 1031 EP 1035 DI 10.1001/jama.272.13.1031 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PH775 UT WOS:A1994PH77500028 PM 8089885 ER PT J AU KITAYAPORN, D UNEKLABH, C WENIGER, BG LOHSOMBOON, P KAEWKUNGWAL, J MORGAN, WM UNEKLABH, T AF KITAYAPORN, D UNEKLABH, C WENIGER, BG LOHSOMBOON, P KAEWKUNGWAL, J MORGAN, WM UNEKLABH, T TI HIV-1 INCIDENCE DETERMINED RETROSPECTIVELY AMONG DRUG-USERS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; BIOMETRY; DRUG USERS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; HIV; INJECTING DRUG USERS; INCIDENCE; PREVALENCE; SUBSTANCE USE; THAILAND ID SEROPOSITIVITY; INFECTION; ADDICTS; AIDS AB Objective: To measure trends in the incidence of HIV-1 infection among drug users in treatment at Thailand's largest drug detoxification unit. Design: A retrospective cohort was established using computed, existing HIV-1 test results of 26 396 inpatients and outpatients admitted for 47 907 drug detoxification treatment courses from August 1987 to August 1992. Methods: Matching of patient record numbers showed that 10 050 (38.1%) patients had been admitted two or more times during the period. From these, we selected a cohort of 7807 initially HIV-negative patients. Subsequent seroconversions among them were assumed to have occurred with uniform probability throughout the interval between the last HIV-negative and the first HIV-positive tests. Results: There were 2311 (29.6%) seroconversions in the cohort. HIV-1 incidence among the 5974 (76.5%) who were injecting drug users (IDU) escalated from 20 new infections per 100 person-years (PY) of observation in 1987 to a peak of 57 per 100 PY in 1988, then gradually declining to a stable tate of about 11 per 100 PY during 1991 and 1992. Non-IDU (smokers, inhalers) constituted 683 (8.8%) of the cohort patients, and had HIV-1 incidence rates varying from 0.2 to five per 100 PY. 'Mixed' drug users, defined as individuals reporting different routes of drug administration on different admissions, composed 1150 (14.7%) of cohort patients and had an HIV-1 incidence rate between that of IDU and non-IDU. Prevalence of HIV-1 seropositivity among ail IDU increased rapidly, from about 1% in early 1988 to a peak or about 40% by early 1989, and has remained stable through 1992. Conclusions: Prevention efforts must continue for IDU, since recent annual HIV-1 incidence remains high at >10 per 100 PY. Such a high rate suggests that this group should be considered for HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. Stable HIV-1 prevalence can mask substantial incidence in a population with high turnover. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MINIST PUBL HLTH,THANYARAK HOSP,PATHUM THANI,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KITAYAPORN, D (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,88-7 SOI BAMRASNARADURA,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 54 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1443 EP 1450 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PH418 UT WOS:A1994PH41800011 PM 7818815 ER PT J AU LEHMAN, JS ALLEN, DM GREEN, TA ONORATO, IM BELL, K COLLIE, D DEPPE, D EFIRD, J FORESTER, W MEEK, B RUBERTI, D SANDERS, R SKAGGS, M SLOANE, S WELLS, D AF LEHMAN, JS ALLEN, DM GREEN, TA ONORATO, IM BELL, K COLLIE, D DEPPE, D EFIRD, J FORESTER, W MEEK, B RUBERTI, D SANDERS, R SKAGGS, M SLOANE, S WELLS, D TI HIV-INFECTION AMONG NON-INJECTING DRUG-USERS ENTERING DRUG-TREATMENT, UNITED-STATES, 1989-1992 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE NON-INJECTING DRUG USE; HIV SEROPREVALENCE; HIV SURVEILLANCE; INJECTING DRUG USE; COCAINE; CRACK COCAINE; HEROIN ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; COCAINE USE; CRACK; SURVEILLANCE; RISK AB Objective: To describe HIV seroprevalence among non-injecting drug users (non-IDU) entering sentinel drug treatment centers in the United States. Design: Anonymous, blinded (unlinked) HIV seroprevalence surveys. Setting: Sixty-eight sentinel drug treatment centers in 37 United States metropolitan areas. Participants: Consecutive sample of clients admitted to sentinel drug treatment centers from January 1989 through December 1992. Of 84 617 clients, 37 633 (44.5%) had used illicit drugs but reported no injecting drug use since 1978. Main outcome measures: Center-specific, metropolitan area-specific, and national median HIV seroprevalence rates. Results: National median center-specific HIV seroprevalence among non-IDU was 3.2% (range, 0-15.2%). Rates varied widely by geographic area. Median rates were highest in the northeast (5.6%; range, 0-15.2%), intermediate in the south (3.4%; range, 0.6-8.0%), and generally lower throughout the rest of the country: midwest (1.3%; range, 0-3.1%) and west (1.8%; range, 0-14.5%). When stratified by treatment center, there were few statistically significant differences in seroprevalence among African Americans, Hispanics and whites. The median rate was 3.4% among men and 2.7% among women. Rates among non-IDU were lower than among IDU attending the same drug treatment centers, but consistently higher than among heterosexual patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the same metropolitan areas. Conclusions: HIV seroprevalence among non-IDU entering drug treatment is high in many metropolitan areas. HIV prevention and education efforts in drug treatment centers should target sexual as well as drug-use risk reduction for all clients. RP LEHMAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS-E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1465 EP 1469 DI 10.1097/00002030-199410000-00014 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PH418 UT WOS:A1994PH41800014 PM 7818818 ER PT J AU JONES, JL HANSON, DL CHU, SY FLEMING, PL HU, DJ WARD, JW TOOMEY, K SORVILLO, F HOPKINS, SG BELL, C MOKOTOFF, ED COHN, DL TROXLER, S PHELPS, A AF JONES, JL HANSON, DL CHU, SY FLEMING, PL HU, DJ WARD, JW TOOMEY, K SORVILLO, F HOPKINS, SG BELL, C MOKOTOFF, ED COHN, DL TROXLER, S PHELPS, A TI SURVEILLANCE OF AIDS-DEFINING CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE REPORTING; OPPORTUNISTIC ILLNESSES ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; COMPLETENESS; INFECTIONS AB Objective: To examine the reporting of AIDS-defining illnesses using two national surveillance systems. Methods: Comparison of AIDS indicator diseases reported to the national AIDS reporting system (ARS) for AIDS cases diagnosed from January 1990-December 1992 among individuals aged >13 years in 10 metropolitan areas, with that observed in the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease (ASD) project, a surveillance project that monitors the clinical diagnoses of HIV-infected individuals receiving medical care. Results: In the 10 metropolitan areas, 39 265 individuals with AIDS were reported to ARS, and 5969 with AIDS had medical record reviews as part of ASD. At initial AIDS diagnosis, the number of indicator diseases reported to ARS was almost identical to the number observed in ASD (mean number of diagnoses, ARS 1.3; ASD 1.2). However, ASD recorded a greater number of diagnoses over time than ARS (mean number of indicator diagnoses >12 months after initial diagnosis, ASD 2.3; ARS 1.4). Conditions that typically occur late in the course of AIDS such as Mycobacterium avium infection and cytomegalovirus disease, were more frequently recorded by ASD than by ARS. Conclusion: ARS provides complete, population-based information on the frequency of AIDS-defining conditions at initial diagnosis. However, specialized surveillance projects such as ASD are needed to accurately describe subsequent AIDS-defining conditions. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,HOUSTON,TX. RP JONES, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1489 EP 1493 DI 10.1097/00002030-199410000-00018 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PH418 UT WOS:A1994PH41800018 PM 7818822 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, KL HANNAN, JA GREEN, TA WILEY, SD AF MEREDITH, KL HANNAN, JA GREEN, TA WILEY, SD TI ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF HEMOPHILIA CARE PROVIDERS INVOLVED IN HIV RISK-REDUCTION COUNSELING SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AIDS; PHYSICIANS; KNOWLEDGE; PREVENTION; PARTNERS; NURSES AB Hemophilia physicians, nurses, and social workers attending a national conference were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their attitudes and practices regarding HIV risk-reduction counseling. All of the 150 respondents reported recommending the use of condoms to their clients, but only two-thirds felt comfortable demonstrating a condom, while fewer could explain condom choices or how to make safe sex more pleasurable. Less than half questioned their clients about history of STDs, sexual practices, or level of sexual satisfaction. Those who devoted 50 percent or more time to HIV risk-reduction efforts reported being more complete in their assessment and more comfortable in their counseling role. Providers claimed it would help if they had more time (84%) and better skills (64%, especially nurses) for this practice. Because HIV prevention services in hemophilia are delivered by a team, further studies are required to determine the aggregate impact of their intervention on the client. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 5 BP 436 EP 445 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PP443 UT WOS:A1994PP44300006 PM 7818979 ER PT J AU GRESSEL, MG KOVEIN, RJ HENTZ, PA AF GRESSEL, MG KOVEIN, RJ HENTZ, PA TI POTENTIAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RUSTRAK(R)-RANGER DATA LOGGERS DATA-STORAGE TECHNIQUE SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To maximize the 8 kilobyte memory of the Rustrak(R) Ranger data logger, a patented technique called adaptive storage was used. With adaptive storage, the data logger predicts the value of an incoming reading. Based on previously stored readings, the data logger predicts the next reading to be constant, linear, or exponential. If the reading falls outside a window surrounding the predictions, it is stored; otherwise, it is discarded. The size of the window affects the rate at which the readings are stored, and thus is adjusted so data can be collected for the specified sampling time. If the windows are made too large, there is a resultant loss in the resolution of the data. The characteristics of the instrument and the contaminant or physical agent being measured (i.e., air contaminant versus noise) also affect data resolution. In this evaluation, previously collected exposure data (air monitoring) were sent by a computer to the Rustrak Ranger for recording. To determine the effect of the sampling time on resolution, the recorded data were analyzed using two different methods. Sampling times varied from 2 to 120 minutes. These tests showed poor resolution for sampling times as short as 30 minutes, indicating that the Rustrak Ranger may not be suitable for certain types of sampling schemes. However, if used within its limitations, this data logger is a valuable tool for recording real-time industrial hygiene data. RP GRESSEL, MG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAIL STOP R5,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Kovein, Ronald/A-9294-2009 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 10 BP 970 EP 976 DI 10.1080/15428119491018484 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM526 UT WOS:A1994PM52600013 PM 7977034 ER PT J AU ASHLEY, K MILLSON, M ELLER, PM AF ASHLEY, K MILLSON, M ELLER, PM TI UNTITLED SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP ASHLEY, K (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 55 IS 10 BP 982 EP 983 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM526 UT WOS:A1994PM52600017 ER PT J AU LANGMUIR, AD AF LANGMUIR, AD TI THUCYDIDES-SYNDROME RECONSIDERED - NEW THOUGHTS ON THE PLAGUE-OF-ATHENS. - INVITED COMMENTARY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. RP LANGMUIR, AD (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 7 BP 629 EP 630 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PK213 UT WOS:A1994PK21300005 ER PT J AU ORTIZALONSO, FJ GALECKI, A HERMAN, WH SMITH, MJ JACQUEZ, JA HALTER, JB AF ORTIZALONSO, FJ GALECKI, A HERMAN, WH SMITH, MJ JACQUEZ, JA HALTER, JB TI HYPOGLYCEMIA COUNTERREGULATION IN ELDERLY HUMANS - RELATIONSHIP TO GLUCOSE-LEVELS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE GLUCOSE; EPINEPHRINE; GLUCAGON; HEPATIC GLUCOSE PRODUCTION; AGING ID INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA; EQUIVALENT HYPOGLYCEMIA; PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERINSULINEMIA; ADRENERGIC-BLOCKADE; GLYCEMIC THRESHOLDS; HORMONE RESPONSES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GROWTH-HORMONE; CONSCIOUS DOGS; RECOVERY AB This study was designed to define the effect of human aging on hypoglycemia counterregulatory mechanisms. A hyperinsulinemic (2 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)) glucose clamp procedure was used to control glucose and insulin levels during stepwise lowering of plasma glucose. Counterregulatory hormones, hepatic glucose production (HGP), glucose utilization, and symptoms of hypoglycemia were studied in 13 healthy young [age 24 +/- 1 (SE) yr] and 11 healthy old (age 65 +/- 1 yr) nondiabetic volunteers on two occasions: 1) at matched euglycemia and 70 and 60 mg/dl (study 1) and 2) at matched euglycemia ana 60 and 50 mg/dl (study 2). The old had consistently lower epinephrine (P < 0.005), glucagon (P < 0.02), cortisol (P < 0.05), and pancreatic polypeptide (P < 0.02) responses at the 60-mg/dl glucose step in study 1. However, these differences were no longer detectable at the more severe hypoglycemic stimulus of 50 mg/dl in study 2. A consistent increase in HGP occurred in both groups only at the 50-mg/dl glucose step (study 2) and was not different between young and old. There were also no differences in symptom responses between young and old. In summary, we found that elderly individuals have a subtle impairment of the glucose counterregulatory response during moderate hypoglycemia, but this impairment is no longer detectable during more severe hypoglycemia. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, CTR GERIATR, INST GERONTOL, DEPT INTERNAL MED, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, CTR GERIATR, INST GERONTOL, DEPT PHYSIOL, ANN ARBOR, MI USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, CTR GERIATR, INST GERONTOL, DEPT BIOSTAT, ANN ARBOR, MI USA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV DIABET TRANSLAT, EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00042]; NIA NIH HHS [AG-08808]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-20572] NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 267 IS 4 BP E497 EP E506 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA PW562 UT WOS:A1994PW56200005 PM 7943297 ER PT J AU BERNIER, RH AF BERNIER, RH TI TOWARD A MORE POPULATION-BASED APPROACH TO IMMUNIZATION - FOSTERING PRIVATE-SECTOR AND PUBLIC-SECTOR COLLABORATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP BERNIER, RH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,CORP SQ,BLDG 12,MAILSTOP E-05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1567 EP 1568 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.10.1567 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM435 UT WOS:A1994PM43500002 PM 7943471 ER PT J AU WILL, JC GERMAN, RR SCHURMAN, E MICHAEL, S KURTH, DM DEEB, L AF WILL, JC GERMAN, RR SCHURMAN, E MICHAEL, S KURTH, DM DEEB, L TI PATIENT ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINES FOR DIABETES EYE CARE - RESULTS FROM THE DIABETIC EYE DISEASE FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB Early detection and treatment of diabetic eye disease can prevent blindness, yet many persons with diabetes lack regular eye care. This study followed 569 people with diabetes participating in blindness prevention programs during 1985 through 1987; it was found that 35% of subjects received dilated eye examinations before entering the programs, in comparison with 60% afterward. About 85% of participants referred for proliferative retinopathy treatment began such treatment, and, of these, 85% completed treatment. A lack of knowledge about the disease and limited finances were primary reasons for nonadherence. To improve the effectiveness of prevention programs, eye care providers and program staff must strive to eliminate these educational and financial barriers. C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,LOCAL & FAMILY HLTH ADM,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV PREVENT PROGRAMS,DENVER,CO. WEINER MEM MED CTR,AREA RESOURCE CTR DIABET,MARSHALL,MN. DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP WILL, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1669 EP 1671 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.10.1669 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM435 UT WOS:A1994PM43500026 PM 7943494 ER PT J AU SCHABLE, B CHU, SY AF SCHABLE, B CHU, SY TI AUTOPSY RATES AMONG PATIENTS REPORTED WITH AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP SCHABLE, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MS E 47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1994 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1695 EP 1696 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.10.1695 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM435 UT WOS:A1994PM43500036 PM 7943504 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR FUJIWARA, PI HAMBURG, MA RUGGIERO, D HENNING, KJ AF FRIEDEN, TR FUJIWARA, PI HAMBURG, MA RUGGIERO, D HENNING, KJ TI TUBERCULOSIS CLINICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 150 IS 4 BP 893 EP 894 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA PM789 UT WOS:A1994PM78900002 PM 7921458 ER PT J AU CRUZ, I CRUZ, ME TERAN, W SCHANTZ, PM TSANG, V BARRY, M AF CRUZ, I CRUZ, ME TERAN, W SCHANTZ, PM TSANG, V BARRY, M TI HUMAN SUBCUTANEOUS TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS IN AN ANDEAN POPULATION WITH NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; CLINICAL-EVALUATION AB Subcutaneous involvement by the larval stages of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium in patients suffering from neurocysticercosis (neurocysticercosis) is well-described. it has been a clinical but undocumented impression that subcutaneous nodules are less common in cases of neurocysticercosis in Latin American than in Africa or Asia. We report on the absence of subcutaneous nodules found in a screened population of 2,891 residents of an Andean village in Ecuador with a prevalence rate for neurocysticercosis of 144 per thousand. Thirty-four patients with multiple intracraneal calcifications and or cystic or encephalitic parenchymal lesions of neurocysticercosis were examined and questioned about subcutaneous nodules. Only one patient described nodules and his computed tomography plain films are presented. Several hypotheses are presented as to why nodules may be less common in this Andean community with a high prevalence of neurocysticercosis. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,INT HLTH PROGRAM,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. INST TROP NEUROL,LIMOGES,FRANCE. ECUADOREAN ACAD NEUROSCI,QUITO,ECUADOR. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PN553 UT WOS:A1994PN55300006 PM 7943565 ER PT J AU RIGAUPEREZ, JG AYUSOLAMADRID, A WOLFF, DR REITER, P KUNO, G AF RIGAUPEREZ, JG AYUSOLAMADRID, A WOLFF, DR REITER, P KUNO, G TI DENGUE SEVERITY THROUGHOUT SEASONAL-CHANGES IN INCIDENCE IN PUERTO-RICO, 1989-1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIC; VIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; FEVER AB To determine whether the proportion of severe dengue cases increased with the yearly seasonal increase in dengue incidence, we examined reports of disease symptoms in case surveillance data and laboratory testing results in Puerto Rico from January 1989 to July 1992. A computer algorithm was designed to identify severe cases, i.e., those that fulfilled three or all four of the World Health Organization criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). A monthly severity index (SI) was defined as the ratio of severe cases to laboratory-positive and indeterminate (all non-negative) cases for each month, while a more restrictive severity rate (SR) was defined as the ratio of severe laboratory-positive cases to the total number of laboratory-positive cases for each month. Monthly SI and SR were compared in two ways: within an epidemic cycle, and month-by-month. Linear regression analysis was performed over the monthly averages of the SI and SR. For a month-by-month examination of SI and SR, we examined the 43-month sequence by means of a Linear model with autocorrelated disturbances. We found no statistically significant or cyclical change in the proportion of severe cases from month to month in this period. Our conclusions differ from the observations during the Cuban DHF epidemic of 1981, in which case severity was shown to increase markedly as the epidemic progressed; they agree with the conclusions of most previous studies in that dengue severity does not change significantly throughout a period of increased incidence. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. UNIV PUERTO RICO, SCH BUSINESS ADM, INST STAT, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00931 USA. STANFORD UNIV, SCH MED, PALO ALTO, CA USA. RP RIGAUPEREZ, JG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SAN JUAN LABS, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, SAN JUAN, PR 00921 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 408 EP 415 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PN553 UT WOS:A1994PN55300007 PM 7943566 ER PT J AU LIU, ZY SIRIMANNE, SR PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL PHILLIPS, JB AF LIU, ZY SIRIMANNE, SR PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL PHILLIPS, JB TI COMPREHENSIVE 2-DIMENSIONAL GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE FAST SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES EXTRACTED FROM HUMAN SERUM SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AUTOMATED INSTRUMENTATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEINS AB A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph with name ionization detection was constructed and evaluated for the fast separation and analysis of pesticides. A two-stage thermal desorption modulator served as an interface between the two capillary GC columns. By controlling the temperature of the modulator chamber, all sample substances covering a wide polarity and volatility range were modulated without sample breakthrough. Orthogonal separations were achieved with a nonpolar first column and a moderately polar second column. The system allows fast separations of complex mixtures. When we used the method to analyze pesticides extracted from human samples, we achieved complete separation of 15 pesticides in less than 4 min. The flame ionization detector gave detection limits for particular pesticides that ranged from 1.8 to 3.8 pg on-column. The relative standard deviations were from 6.2% to 8.8% over the linear dynamic range. RP LIU, ZY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,TOXICOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 11 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 19 BP 3086 EP 3092 DI 10.1021/ac00091a016 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PJ928 UT WOS:A1994PJ92800019 PM 7978304 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RJ NARAYANAN, N CASAY, GA LIPOWSKA, M STREKOWSKI, L PATONAY, G PERALTA, JM TSANG, VCW AF WILLIAMS, RJ NARAYANAN, N CASAY, GA LIPOWSKA, M STREKOWSKI, L PATONAY, G PERALTA, JM TSANG, VCW TI INSTRUMENT TO DETECT NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE IN SOLID-PHASE IMMUNOASSAY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER FLUOROMETRY; HEPTAMETHINE CYANINE DYES; HUMAN-SERUM; DIODE; LABELS; PROBE AB The construction of a near-infrared (near-IR) fluorescence detector for measuring picomolar levels of near-IR laser dyes is described. The detector is designed for use in an immunoassay technique that employs antibodies labeled with near-IR polymethine cyanine dyes. These dyes possess spectral properties that are exclusive to the near-IR region (650-1100 nm). The instrumentation is characterized, including its hardware and data acquisition software components. The detector is capable of measuring fluorescence in both solution and solid-phase environments. Data on the detector's performance is presented. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,DEPT IMUNOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI28903-01A2] NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 19 BP 3102 EP 3107 DI 10.1021/ac00091a018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA PJ928 UT WOS:A1994PJ92800021 PM 7978305 ER PT J AU GARDNER, P GRIFFIN, M GROSS, P LAFORCE, FM SCHAFFNER, W EICKHOFF, T STRIKAS, R AF GARDNER, P GRIFFIN, M GROSS, P LAFORCE, FM SCHAFFNER, W EICKHOFF, T STRIKAS, R TI ADULT IMMUNIZATIONS 1994 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GARDNER, P (reprint author), AMER COLL PHYSICIANS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 7 BP 540 EP 541 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PJ102 UT WOS:A1994PJ10200012 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DL WAGUESPACK, C EISENACH, K CRAWFORD, JT PORTAELS, F SALFINGER, M NOLAN, CM ABE, C STICHTGROH, V GILLIS, TP AF WILLIAMS, DL WAGUESPACK, C EISENACH, K CRAWFORD, JT PORTAELS, F SALFINGER, M NOLAN, CM ABE, C STICHTGROH, V GILLIS, TP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF RIFAMPIN RESISTANCE IN PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TUBERCULOSIS; LEPRAE; DNA; MUTATIONS; GENE; POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE; EMERGENCE AB The emergence of rifampin-resistant strains of pathogenic mycobacteria has threatened the usefulness of this drug in treating mycobacterial diseases. Critical to the treatment of individuals infected with resistant strains is the rapid identification of these strains directly from clinical specimens. It has been shown that resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae apparently involves mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the beta-subunit of the RNA polymerases of these species. DNA sequences were obtained from a 305-bp fragment of the rpoB gene from 110 rifampin-resistant and 10 rifampin-susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis from diverse geographical regions throughout the world. In 102 of 110 rifampin-resistant strains 16 mutations affecting 13 amino acids were observed. No mutations were observed in rifampin-susceptible strains. No association was found between particular mutations in the rpoB gene and drug susceptibility patterns of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains from the same outbreak and exhibiting the same IS6110 DNA fingerprint and drug susceptibility pattern contained the same mutation in the rpoB gene. However, mutations are not correlated with IS6110 profiling outside of epidemics. The evolution of rifampin resistance as a consequence of mutations in the rpoB gene was documented in a patient who developed rifampin resistance during the course of treatment. Rifampin-resistant strains of M. leprae, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium africanum contained mutations in the rpoB gene similar to that documented for M. tuberculosis. This information served as the basis for developing a rapid DNA diagnostic assay (PCR-heteroduplex formation) for the detection of rifampin susceptibility of M. tuberculosis. C1 VA MED HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RES INST TB,TOKYO,JAPAN. ARMAUER HANSEN INST,WURZBURG,GERMANY. RP WILLIAMS, DL (reprint author), GWL,HANSENS DIS CTR,RES BRANCH LAB,HANSENS DIS RES LAB,POB 25072,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. FU PHS HHS [IA35274-02] NR 32 TC 196 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2380 EP 2386 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PJ217 UT WOS:A1994PJ21700026 PM 7840574 ER PT J AU MESSMER, TO BLACK, CM THACKER, WL AF MESSMER, TO BLACK, CM THACKER, WL TI MYCOPLASMA CONTAMINATION OF CHLAMYDIAE ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS SO APMIS LA English DT Article DE MYCOPLASMA; CHLAMYDIA; PCR ID PNEUMONIAE; CULTURE AB Ten Chlamydia pneumoniae strains were screened for Mycoplasma contamination using two differently designed Mycoplasma-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The primers of the Mycoplasma specific PCR designed by Spaepen et al. (9) cross-reacted with all of the C. pneumoniae strains giving false-positive results. When the 10 strains of C. pneumoniae were tested for mycoplasmas with the PCR designed by Harasawa et al. (5), only 3 were positive. Mycoplasmas were cultured from these three C. pneumoniae strains confirmning the latter PCR results. The PCR of Harasawa er al. (5) was highly specific for mycoplasmas and did not cross-react with C. pneumoniae. These findings suggest that chlamydiae should be periodically screened for Mycoplasma contamination. Careful attention to primer design is important if PCR is chosen as the screening method. RP MESSMER, TO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS G05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD OCT PY 1994 VL 102 IS 10 BP 793 EP 796 PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA QB490 UT WOS:A1994QB49000011 PM 7826610 ER PT J AU GRANT, KA HABES, DJ BARON, SL AF GRANT, KA HABES, DJ BARON, SL TI ANU ERGONOMICS EVALUATION OF CASHIER WORK ACTIVITIES AT CHECKER-UNLOAD WORKSTATIONS SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; WORK POSTURE; SUPERMARKET WORKERS; CHECKSTAND DESIGN ID DISORDERS; SHOULDER; NECK AB The ergonomic suitability of the 'over-the-counter' (OTC) or 'checker unload' workstation for grocery-scanning operations has been questioned by a number of ergonomists, safety and health professionals, and retail food industry executives in the USA. There is concern that requiring cashiers to remove grocery items directly from the customer's cart for scanning exacerbates the risk of musculoskeletal disorders associated with this job. For this reason, a study was conducted to determine whether supermarket cashiers are exposed to increased biomechanical stress due to the use of checker-unload workstations for standing work. The work activities of 12 grocery cashiers from three supermarkets were recorded on videotape. Postures and movements associated with the scanning task were visually evaluated and compared with those of 10 grocery cashiers using a front-facing, customer-unload workstation examined in a previous study. The results indicate that use of the checker-unload workstation places additional stresses on the cashier beyond those imposed by customer-unload checkstands. Specifically, the task of removing groceries directly from the cart for scanning increases the frequency of long reaches, awkward shoulder postures, and lifts. These stresses can be mitigated by eliminating checker-unload operations and providing checkstands with conveyor belts for delivering groceries to the cashier. Implementing additional workstation modifications and encouraging cashiers to adopt alternative work practices also may reduce the frequencies of awkward postures and stressful motions associated with this checkstand design. RP GRANT, KA (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS C24,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(94)90046-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA PN241 UT WOS:A1994PN24100007 PM 15676983 ER PT J AU ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH SCHWARTZ, B VANCE, NJ HORAN, JM AF ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH SCHWARTZ, B VANCE, NJ HORAN, JM TI INVASIVE GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS CARRIAGE IN A CHILD-CARE CENTER AFTER A FATAL CASE SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN; OUTBREAK; PHARYNGITIS AB After a fatal case of invasive group A streptococcal disease, serotype T-1, in a child care centre, group A streptococcal T-1 prevalence was measured and risk factors for carriage were determined. A total of 87% (224/258) had throat culture tests. Group A streptococcus was isolated from 57 (25%), and of the 50 serotyped, 38 (76%) were T-1. A streptococcal T-1 prevalence was 18% (38/217) and six of nine rooms had children with group A streptococcal T-1 isolates. The risk of group A streptococcal T-1 carriage was increased for children who shared the index case's room (odds ratio (OR)= 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.8 to 9.4) and for each additional hour per week in child care (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.001 to 1.061); and decreased in children taking antibiotics in the preceding four weeks (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.9). Carriage of the invasive group A streptococcal strain could not be determined by identified risk factors alone. C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR CLIN LABS,MONTGOMERY,AL. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 318 EP 322 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PK939 UT WOS:A1994PK93900009 PM 7979524 ER PT J AU RIBEIRO, M BENSON, J IHAFF, B HIXON, G WIDEMAN, C EVATT, B GRIFFIN, J HOOPER, C AF RIBEIRO, M BENSON, J IHAFF, B HIXON, G WIDEMAN, C EVATT, B GRIFFIN, J HOOPER, C TI MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE TO ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C (APC) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA. SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1994 VL 90 IS 4 BP 132 EP 132 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PN417 UT WOS:A1994PN41700745 ER PT J AU BACHORIK, PS LOVEJOY, KL CARROLL, MD JOHNSON, CL ALBERS, JJ MARCOVINA, SM AF BACHORIK, PS LOVEJOY, KL CARROLL, MD JOHNSON, CL ALBERS, JJ MARCOVINA, SM TI MEASUREMENT OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-B DURING THE NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES)-III SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE QUALITY CONTROL; CHOLESTEROL; IMMUNONEPHELOMETRY; RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; STANDARDIZATION ID CHEMISTRY STANDARDIZATION PROJECT; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES ADULTS; INTERNATIONAL-FEDERATION; CANDIDATE REFERENCE; SERUM; MEN; HYPERAPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA; CHOLESTEROL; PREVALENCE AB We measured apolipoproteins (ape) A-I and B by rate immunonephelometry (rate INA) during Phase 1 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. We also made the measurements by radial immunodiffusion (RID) in a 20% subset of the samples. Aliquots of this subset were also analyzed in the Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories by fixed-time INA calibrated to the World Health Organization (WHO)-International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) First International Reference Materials for Apolipoproteins A-I and B. The CVs for the rate INA and RID measurements were: apoA-I, 4.5-7.7% and 2.5-7.6%, respectively; apoB, 2.3-5.3% and 2.3-6.4%, respectively. In NHANES III, rate INA values (x) can be transformed to WHO-IFCC Reference Material-based values (x) as follows: for apoA-I, y = 0.87x + 251.8 mg/L (r = 0.93, SE(slope) = 0.13, SE(intercept) = 17, n = 708); for apoB (mg/L), y = 1.068x + 112.8 mg/L (r = 0.98, SE(slope) = 0.08, SE(intercept) = 7, n = 646). C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,NW LIPID RES LABS,SEATTLE,WA 98103. RP BACHORIK, PS (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21287, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HV-78102] NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1915 EP 1920 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA PL016 UT WOS:A1994PL01600011 PM 7923772 ER PT J AU CHIN, DP REINGOLD, AL HORSBURGH, CR YAJKO, DM HADLEY, WK ELKIN, EP STONE, EN SIMON, EM GONZALEZ, PC OSTROFF, SM JACOBSON, MA HOPEWELL, PC AF CHIN, DP REINGOLD, AL HORSBURGH, CR YAJKO, DM HADLEY, WK ELKIN, EP STONE, EN SIMON, EM GONZALEZ, PC OSTROFF, SM JACOBSON, MA HOPEWELL, PC TI PREDICTING MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX BACTEREMIA IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - A PROSPECTIVELY VALIDATED MODEL SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS; CIPROFLOXACIN; ETHAMBUTOL; RIFAMPIN; DISEASE AB In cases of advanced infection with human immunodeficiency virus, mycobacterial blood cultures are frequently used to diagnose disseminated infection with the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). However, no prospectively validated guidelines exist for the use of such cultures. In this study, a two-part model for predicting MAC bacteremia was developed and then validated prospectively. First, a CD4(+) cell count of less than or equal to 50/mu L was used to predict bacteremia. Then, among patients with less than or equal to 50 CD4(+) cells/mu L, the documentation of fever on more than 30 days during the preceding 3 months, a hematocrit of (30%, or a serum albumin concentration of <3.0 g/dL was used to predict bacteremia. This model had a sensitivity of 89% and positive and negative predictive values of 30% and 98%, respectively, for the identification of patients with bacteremia. Had the model been applied to patients in this study, the number of blood cultures performed would have decreased by 61%, but 11% of the positive cultures would have been missed. In short, this model can predict MAC bacteremia and can potentially guide the use of mycobacterial blood cultures. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CHIN, DP (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,MED CTR,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,MED SERV,ROOM 5K11001 POTRERO AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110, USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 19 IS 4 BP 668 EP 674 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PK857 UT WOS:A1994PK85700004 PM 7803630 ER PT J AU COWIE, CC HARRIS, MI EBERHARDT, MS AF COWIE, CC HARRIS, MI EBERHARDT, MS TI FREQUENCY AND DETERMINANTS OF SCREENING FOR DIABETES IN THE US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES POPULATION; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; NIDDM; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; HEALTH; YR AB OBJECTIVE- To determine the prevalence of risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and the frequency of screening for NIDDM in U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- A detailed questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 19,680 adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age who reported no medical history of diabetes in the 1989 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Information was obtained on risk factors for diabetes, complications related to diabetes, and whether the subjects had been screened for diabetes in the past year. Women reporting pregnancy in the past year were excluded from analysis. The prevalence of undiagnosed NIDDM according to the frequency of risk factors for NIDDM was determined based on oral glucose tolerance data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) II and Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). RESULTS- Prevalence of undiagnosed NIDDM based on the NHANES II and HHANES increased with age, obesity, and family history of diabetes, reaching 11.7 % in people with all three risk factors. Based on the NHIS, 77.5% of U.S. adults with no medical history of diabetes (131 million people) had at least one risk factor for NIDDM or complication related to NIDDM, and 22.9% (38 million people) had three or more risk factors or complications. Approximately 31% of adults reported being screened for diabetes in the past year. Screening rates increased with an increasing number of risk factors, but even among those with three risk factors, only 38.6% were screened for NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS- More than 7 million U.S. adults have undiagnosed NIDDM. Nevertheless, screening for diabetes in high-risk groups occurs substantially less frequently than necessary to detect undiagnosed NIDDM and institute appropriate hypoglycemic treatment. C1 NIDDKD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP COWIE, CC (reprint author), SOCIAL & SCI SYST INC,7101 WISCONSIN AVE,STE 1300,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 1994 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1158 EP 1163 DI 10.2337/diacare.17.10.1158 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA PJ311 UT WOS:A1994PJ31100010 PM 7821136 ER PT J AU ASHLEY, K AF ASHLEY, K TI ELECTROANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE; ELECTROANALYSIS ID ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL-PULSE POLAROGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODES; MERCURY FILM ELECTRODES; TRACE-METALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; GAS SENSORS; NATURAL-WATERS; FLOW-INJECTION AB Electroanalytical chemistry has been used for years in the occupational and environmental health fields. Portable sensors and analytical devices based on electrochemical (EC) methods are commonly used on-sire in the workplace. Laboratory EC methods also have been used extensively for the analysis of industrial hygiene and related sample. Recent advances in electroanalytical methodology may lead to new analytical applications in the occupational health arena, both in the laboratory as well as on-site in the workplace. Applications in heavy metals analysis, analysis for inorganic and organic species, and bioanalysis are exemplified. This article provides an overview of the history of EC analysis for industrial hygiene purposes, and also summarizes current and newly developed applications of electroanalytical methods in occupational and environmental health. RP ASHLEY, K (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 203 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD OCT PY 1994 VL 6 IS 10 BP 805 EP 820 DI 10.1002/elan.1140061002 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA PV648 UT WOS:A1994PV64800001 ER PT J AU HAVERKOS, HW KOPSTEIN, AN WILSON, H DROTMAN, P AF HAVERKOS, HW KOPSTEIN, AN WILSON, H DROTMAN, P TI NITRITE INHALANTS - HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND POSSIBLE LINKS TO AIDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE AIDS; HIV INFECTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; NITRITE INHALANTS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; ISOBUTYL NITRITE; AMYL NITRITE; DRUG-USE; INHALATION TOXICITY; VOLATILE NITRITES; VIRUS AB Nitrite inhalants have been commonly abused substances in the United States. Nitrite inhalants and AIDS was a popular topic in the early 1980s, when the cause of AIDS was not known. With the discovery of HIV, concern about nitrite use in the USA waned. However, nitrite inhalant use is associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in a few laboratory studies, and it remains a candidate cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Discouraging nitrite use continues to be a worthwhile public health goal. C1 COMM MONITOR POPPERS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HAVERKOS, HW (reprint author), NIDA,ROOM 10A-38,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 102 IS 10 BP 858 EP 861 DI 10.2307/3432118 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PP135 UT WOS:A1994PP13500017 PM 9644194 ER PT J AU SORVILLO, F LIEB, LE NAHLEN, B MILLER, J MASCOLA, L ASH, LR AF SORVILLO, F LIEB, LE NAHLEN, B MILLER, J MASCOLA, L ASH, LR TI MUNICIPAL DRINKING-WATER AND CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS AMONG PERSONS WITH AIDS IN LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; SUPPLIES; GIARDIA; OOCYSTS AB To assess unfiltered drinking water as a source of cryptosporidium infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among persons with AIDS in Los Angeles County was assessed by mater service area. One water distributor, serving approximately 60% of the county's residents (area B), has consistently employed filtration. The other company, which serves the remainder of the county (area A), did not institute filtration until mid-December 1986. This difference provided a 'natural experiment' in which to assess the effect of municipal water filtration on the level of cryptosporidiosis among persons with AIDS. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among AIDS patients was compared for the two water service areas for the time period (1983-6) preceding the implementation of filtration in area A. From 1983 to 1986 the age-standardized prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among AIDS patients was 32% lower in area A (4.2%), which received unfiltered water, than in area B (6.2%). Following addition of filtration in area A, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among AIDS patients decreased by 20%; however, a decline, of 47%, was also observed in area B. The similar baseline levels of cryptosporidiosis and the corresponding post-filtration decline in both areas suggest that filtration had no effect on levels of cryptosporidiosis among persons with AIDS. Thus it does not appear that municipal drinking water is an important risk factor for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients residing in Los Angeles County. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. LOS ANGELES DEPT WATER & POWER,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP SORVILLO, F (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,600 S COMMONWEALTH,SUITE 805,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 113 IS 2 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA PL978 UT WOS:A1994PL97800012 PM 7925668 ER PT J AU HALES, TR SAUTER, SL PETERSON, MR FINE, LJ PUTZANDERSON, V SCHLEIFER, LR OCHS, TT BERNARD, BP AF HALES, TR SAUTER, SL PETERSON, MR FINE, LJ PUTZANDERSON, V SCHLEIFER, LR OCHS, TT BERNARD, BP TI MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG VISUAL-DISPLAY TERMINAL USERS IN A TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS; TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY; JOB STRESS; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ID CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; PSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; JOB CHARACTERISTICS; HEALTH COMPLAINTS; WORK-ENVIRONMENT; BLOOD-PRESSURE; VDT USE; STRESS; SYMPTOMS AB The relationship between workplace factors and work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UE disorders) was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 533 telecommunication employees utilizing video display terminals (VDTs). Cases of UE disorders were defined using symptom questionnaires and physical examinations. Data on demographics, individual factors (medical conditions and recreational activities), work organization and practices, and psychosocial aspects of work, including electronic performance monitoring (EPM), were obtained by questionnaire. Associations between workplace factors and UE disorders were assessed by multiple logistic models generated for each of the four UE areas (neck, shoulder, elbow, hand/wrists). One-hundred and eleven (22%) participants met our case definition for UE disorders. Probable tendon-related disorders were the most common (15% of participants). Probable nerve entrapment syndromes were found in 4% of participants. The hand/wrist was the area most affected, 12% of participants. The following variables had associations in the final models (p < 0.05) with at least one of the four UE disorders, although the strength of these associations were modest. Non-white race, a diagnosis of a thyroid condition (self-reported), use of bifocals at work, and seven psychosocial variables (fear of being replaced by computers, increasing work pressure, surges in workload, routine work lacking decision-making opportunities, high information processing demands, jobs which required a variety of tasks and lack of a production standard) were associated with UE disorders. This study indicates that work-related UE musculoskeletal disorders are relatively common among telecommunication workers who use VDTs, and adds to the evidence that the psychosocial work environment is related to the occurrence of these disorders. C1 INTERNAL REVENUE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20224. GE CO,CINCINNATI,OH 45215. RP HALES, TR (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 79 TC 181 Z9 183 U1 3 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1603 EP 1621 DI 10.1080/00140139408964940 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA PP968 UT WOS:A1994PP96800003 PM 7957018 ER PT J AU BARRY, A FUCHS, P TENOVER, F ALLEN, S HARDY, D JORGENSEN, J MCLAUGHLIN, J RELLER, L AF BARRY, A FUCHS, P TENOVER, F ALLEN, S HARDY, D JORGENSEN, J MCLAUGHLIN, J RELLER, L TI INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL FOR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS OF LEVOFLOXACIN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY-ACTIVE OFLOXACIN; INVITRO ACTIVITY; DISK DIFFUSION AB To confirm preliminary interpretive breakpoints for prototype 5 mu g levofloxacin disks, 490 strains were tested in vitro using commercially manufactured disks. For in vitro susceptibility testing, 5 mu g levofloxacin disks can be used with interpretive criteria of less than or equal to 12 mm for resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 8.0 mu g/ml) and greater than or equal to 16 mm for susceptible (MIC less than or equal to 2.0 mu g/ml). Proposed quality control limits for tests of levofloxacin are as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, zones 29-37 mm or MIC 0.008-0.03 mu g/ml; Pseudomonas aeruginosn ATCC 27853, zones 19-26 mm or MIC 0.5-2.0 mu g/ml; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, zones 24-31 mm; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, MIC 0.06-0.25 mu g/ml and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, MIC 0.25-2.0 mu g/ml. C1 ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP BARRY, A (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 10 BP 822 EP 826 DI 10.1007/BF02111343 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PR939 UT WOS:A1994PR93900007 PM 7889952 ER PT J AU WEAVER, RE AF WEAVER, RE TI PROBLEMS WITH IDENTIFICATION OF ACINETOBACTER SPECIES SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID GENUS ACINETOBACTER RP WEAVER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL BACTERIOL REF LAB,BLDG 5,ROOM 210,MS G07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 10 BP 832 EP 832 DI 10.1007/BF02111347 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PR939 UT WOS:A1994PR93900011 PM 7889955 ER PT J AU BENNER, K SCHIELE, M LEIFELD, D JOHNSTON, W MONTANARO, A PRESS, R NEAL, J AF BENNER, K SCHIELE, M LEIFELD, D JOHNSTON, W MONTANARO, A PRESS, R NEAL, J TI HEPATITIS-C OUTBREAK AMONG RECIPIENTS OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN (IVIG) SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP A250 EP A250 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PM556 UT WOS:A1994PM55600609 ER PT J AU DIBISCEGLIE, AM CHUNG, YW DAILEY, PJ SHAKIL, AO KRAWCZYNSKI, K HOOFNAGLE, JH AF DIBISCEGLIE, AM CHUNG, YW DAILEY, PJ SHAKIL, AO KRAWCZYNSKI, K HOOFNAGLE, JH TI HEPATITIS-C VIRAL (HCV) MARKERS IN SERUM AND LIVER OF CHRONICALLY INFECTED PATIENTS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ST LOUIS UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO 63103. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP A236 EP A236 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PM556 UT WOS:A1994PM55600554 ER PT J AU HAGEDORN, CH WANG, Y NICHOLS, BL BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ AF HAGEDORN, CH WANG, Y NICHOLS, BL BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF VIRAL-PROTEINS IN A TISSUE-CULTURE SYSTEM THAT PROPAGATES HEPATITIS-C VIRUS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VAMC,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP A231 EP A231 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PM556 UT WOS:A1994PM55600535 ER PT J AU PAWLOTSKY, JM VOISIN, MC KRAWCZYNSKI, K SIMMONDS, P MELLOR, J DUUVAL, J ZAFRANI, ES DHUMEAUX, D AF PAWLOTSKY, JM VOISIN, MC KRAWCZYNSKI, K SIMMONDS, P MELLOR, J DUUVAL, J ZAFRANI, ES DHUMEAUX, D TI SALIVARY-GLAND LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PARIS 12,HOP HENRI MONDOR,DEPT BACTERIOL & VIROL,F-94010 CRETEIL,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 12,HOP HENRI MONDOR,DEPT PATHOL,F-94010 CRETEIL,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV EDINBURGH,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,EDINBURGH EH8 9YL,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. UNIV PARIS 12,HOP HENRI MONDOR,DEPT HEPATOL & GASTROENTEROL,F-94010 CRETEIL,FRANCE. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP A248 EP A248 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PM556 UT WOS:A1994PM55600601 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, JT AF CRAWFORD, JT TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS - THE IMPACT OF HIV AND MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS SO IMMUNOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Robert Koch Symposium 1993 on Progress in Tuberculosis Research CY 1993 CL BERLIN, GERMANY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; COMPLEX; RISK AB The recent reemergence of tuberculosis in the United States and other developed countries has been attributed to a number of factors including a decreased emphasis on tuberculosis control and immigration. Perhaps the most significant factor is the association of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Infection with HIV greatly increases susceptibility to infection and increases the risk of developing active disease. In addition, progression of tuberculosis can be very rapid in patients with greatly reduced immune function. The increasing incidence of drug resistance is also contributing to the difficulty in controlling tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistance not only adversely affects the patient bur contributes to prolonged infectiousness. RP CRAWFORD, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOBACTERIOL LAB,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0171-2985 J9 IMMUNOBIOLOGY JI Immunobiology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 191 IS 4-5 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA PQ410 UT WOS:A1994PQ41000003 PM 7713547 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, LE KHABBAZ, RF AF CHAPMAN, LE KHABBAZ, RF TI ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE 4 CORNERS HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Review DE HANTAVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BUNYAVIRIDAE ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; NEPHROPATHIA EPIDEMICA; PULMONARY SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; HANTAAN VIRUS; INFECTION; AGENT; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION AB In May and June 1993, a handful of previously healthy residents of rural areas in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States died of acute unexplained respiratory distress, later diagnosed as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Their illnesses were characterized most prominently by a prodrome of fever and myalgias, followed by thrombocytopenia, the presence of immature white blood cells on the peripheral smear, and catastrophic respiratory decline associated with the sudden onset of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypotensive shock. Although the primary care doctors who treated these patients were spread over a relatively wide rural geographic area, this cluster was recognized in large part because these patients belonged to a defined cohort receiving medical care from a unified system of interconsulting physicians, the Indian Health Service. By just over 2 weeks after receiving laboratory diagnostic specimens, Public Health Service scientists had identified a newly recognized hantavirus as the cause of this disease cluster and Peromyscus maniculatus (the deer mouse) as the rodent reservoir for this zoonotic virus. The oral history of local American Indian healers describes clusters of similar deaths occurring over three cycles during the twentieth century in association with identifiable ecological markers. The abrupt introduction to Western medical practitioners of a disease long recognized by indigenous healers through illness occurring among a cohort of patients seeking care from medical officers of the U.S. Uniformed Services parallels the initial Western medical recognition of previous human illnesses associated with hantaviral infections through disease outbreaks among military troops. The remarkable speed with which the etiology of this disease was elucidated is attributable to both the power of modern genetic investigational techniques and the scientific groundwork laid by nearly half a century of systematic research on hantaviruses. RP CHAPMAN, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAILSTOP A-32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 3 IS 5 BP 234 EP 244 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PV665 UT WOS:A1994PV66500003 PM 7866656 ER PT J AU LUCAS, SB DIOMANDE, M HOUNNOU, A BEAUMEL, A GIORDANO, C KADIO, A PEACOCK, CS HONDE, M DECOCK, KM AF LUCAS, SB DIOMANDE, M HOUNNOU, A BEAUMEL, A GIORDANO, C KADIO, A PEACOCK, CS HONDE, M DECOCK, KM TI HIV-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMA IN AFRICA - AN AUTOPSY STUDY IN COTE-DIVOIRE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTION; AIDS; DEATH; DIAGNOSIS; ZAMBIA; ADULT; CITY AB HIV infection predisposes to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The frequency of NHL among HIV-positive adults and children in sub-Saharan Africa is not known. In 1991-1992, a representative autopsy study of HIV infection was performed in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Of 247 HIV-positive adult (> 14 years) medical patients dying in hospital, 2.8% had NHL, 1.6% with visceral NHL and 1.2% with primary cerebral lymphoma. The estimated crude incidence of NHL among HIV-positive adults in Abidjan was 84/100,000 per year, 10-fold greater than the expected pre-AIDS incidence of NHL but less than the incidence observed among HIV-positive adults in industrialised countries. None of 78 autopsied HIV-positive children (median age = 17 months) had NHL. HIV infection augments the incidence of NHL among adults in Africa, but short survival with advanced HIV disease probably prevents the major increase in HIV-associated NHL seen in industrialised countries. Survival of HIV-positive children in Africa appears too short to permit the significant development of additional NHL; classic Burkitt lymphoma is not an AIDS-associated tumour in Africa. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV HOSP ABIDJAN,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP LUCAS, SB (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,UNIV ST,LONDON WC1E 6JJ,ENGLAND. RI Peacock, Christopher/A-4052-2012 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 59 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910590106 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA PJ348 UT WOS:A1994PJ34800005 PM 7927898 ER PT J AU STAES, C ORENGO, JC MALILAY, J RULLAN, J NOJI, E AF STAES, C ORENGO, JC MALILAY, J RULLAN, J NOJI, E TI DEATHS DUE TO FLASH FLOODS IN PUERTO-RICO, JANUARY-1992 - IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Background. In January 1992, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico sustained unusually heavy rainfall, which caused flash floods and deaths. Methods. We conducted a descriptive study and a case-control study to determine the circumstances of these deaths and to identify mortality-prevention strategies. We describe the time, place, and circumstances of each death, and compare this information with water-level and rainfall data and the timing of warnings. Using controls selected from the affected population, we estimated the risk of death by age, sex, and vehicle occupancy during the flood. Results. Within 7 hours, 23 people died in 17 incidents; 20 of the decedents (87%) were occupants of motor vehicles. The estimated risk of mortality was significantly elevated for motorists (odds ratio = 16, 95% confidence interval : 3.5-144). Being in a vehicle to evacuate a flash flood area was protective; however, being in a vehicle during the flood for other reasons further increased the risk of mortality. Deaths occurred early during the rapid rise of water and before official warnings were issued. Conclusion. We recommend improving the sensitivity of the warning system and its ability to disseminate appropriate information rapidly. We also recommend educating officials and the public about the risks of driving on flooded roads and in potential flash flood conditions; and about the unique flash flood risks associated with specific topographical features in their region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PUERTO RICO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,SAN JUAN,PR. NCEH,CDC,HSB,DAES,ATLANTA,GA. RP STAES, C (reprint author), NCEH,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 968 EP 975 DI 10.1093/ije/23.5.968 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PT303 UT WOS:A1994PT30300012 PM 7860177 ER PT J AU HAYES, T ALTMAN, R AKILIOBIKA, A BUEHLER, JW COSTA, SJ BEIL, JK MOORE, LG MASSEY, JW WILLIAMS, NM AF HAYES, T ALTMAN, R AKILIOBIKA, A BUEHLER, JW COSTA, SJ BEIL, JK MOORE, LG MASSEY, JW WILLIAMS, NM TI HIV-RELATED DEATHS FROM SELECTED INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AMONG PERSONS WITHOUT AIDS IN NEW-JERSEY SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MORTALITY; INJECTING DRUG USERS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIC; IMPACT; BACTEREMIA AB This study sought to quantify HIV-related deaths among persons not classified as having AIDS, in an area where AIDS incidence among injecting drug users (IDUs) is high. Death certificates of persons who were aged 25-44 years at death, died in 1987 in two New Jersey counties, and had certain infectious conditions were compared with names in the AIDS Registry. Hospital and/or Medical Examiner records were reviewed for nonmatching cases. Cases were considered as confirmed HIV infection if there was laboratory evidence of such infection and as suggestive HIV infection if the decedent had oral thrush or a combination of certain other clinical findings were present. Of 412 deaths meeting the above criteria, 165 (40.0%) were in the AIDS Registry. We investigated 205 of the remainder; of these, 7.3% were found to have AIDS, 21.5% had confirmed HIV infection without AIDS, and 15.1% had suggestive HIV infection. This increased the HIV-related mortality in excess of deaths due to AIDS in this age group by 9.2% for confirmed HIV infections and 15.6% for both confirmed and suggestive HIV infections, with deaths among IDUs increasing 12.3% for confirmed HIV infections and 18.9% for both confirmed and suggestive HIV infections. Thus, in addition to AIDS indicator diseases, a variety of other infectious conditions can lead to death in HIV-infected persons, particularly in IDUs; however, the extent of such deaths may be less than previously described. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV AIDS PREVENT & CONTROL,TRENTON,NJ 08625. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU206206] NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 7 IS 10 BP 1074 EP 1078 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PH776 UT WOS:A1994PH77600012 PM 8083825 ER PT J AU HEROLD, JM THOMPSON, NJ VALENZUELA, MS MORRIS, L AF HEROLD, JM THOMPSON, NJ VALENZUELA, MS MORRIS, L TI UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND SEX-EDUCATION IN CHILE - A BEHAVIORAL-MODEL SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 Annual Meeting of the Population-Association-of-America CY 1991 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP POPULAT ASSOC AMER ID PRENATAL-CARE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; HEALTH AB This study analysed factors associated with unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young adult women in Santiago, Chile. Three variations of a behavioural model were developed. Logistic regression showed that the effect of sex education on unintended pregnancy works through the use of contraception. Other significant effects were found for variables reflecting socioeconomic status and a woman's acceptance of her sexuality. The results also suggested that labelling affects measurement of 'unintended' pregnancy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV CHILE,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RP HEROLD, JM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU GALTON FOUNDATION PI COLCHESTER PA P O BOX 32 COMMERCE WAY, COLCHESTER, ESSEX, ENGLAND CO2 8HP SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 PG 13 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA PK925 UT WOS:A1994PK92500001 PM 7983095 ER PT J AU EBERHARDT, MS LACKLAND, DT WHEELER, FC GERMAN, RR TEUTSCH, SM AF EBERHARDT, MS LACKLAND, DT WHEELER, FC GERMAN, RR TEUTSCH, SM TI IS RACE RELATED TO GLYCEMIC CONTROL - AN ASSESSMENT OF GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN IN 2 SOUTH-CAROLINA COMMUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RACE; DIABETES ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; METABOLIC CONTROL; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; NIDDM; RETINOPATHY; ADOLESCENTS AB To consider the relationship between race and long-term glycemic control, as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), we analyzed data from a community-based sample of 3175 adults in the South Carolina Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Project. A clinically meaningful difference for mean GHb levels (10.5 vs 8.4%, P < 0.001) was present between black people and white people reporting diabetes. Similarly, a significant association between race and GHb was present among people reporting ''borderline diabetes'' or no diabetes. Logistic regression confirmed this finding in all three diabetic categories, however, controlling for insulin use in the diabetic group reduced (P < 0.001) the association between GHb and race. These findings confirm that further improvements in glycemic control are necessary, especially for black patients and that black people not reporting diabetes have higher GHb levels compared to white people, possibly due to undiagnosed diabetes. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP EBERHARDT, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 730,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1181 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90105-8 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN475 UT WOS:A1994PN47500012 PM 7722552 ER PT J AU WONG, KH SKELTON, SK DAUGHARTY, H AF WONG, KH SKELTON, SK DAUGHARTY, H TI UTILITY OF COMPLEMENT-FIXATION AND MICROIMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAYS FOR DETECTING SEROLOGIC RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED PSITTACOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RESPIRATORY-TRACT; PNEUMONIAE STRAIN TWAR; CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ORIGIN; ORNITHOSIS; DIVERSITY; ORGANISMS AB The serodiagnosis of human psittacosis was considerably improved by a microimmunofluorescence (MTF) assay that uses selected strains of Chlamydia psittaci, C. pneumoniae, and C. trachomatis as antigens. The 78 patients examined in the study were clinically diagnosed as having psittacosis on the basis of compatible clinical symptoms following exposure to sick birds. The conventional complement fixation (CF) test identified 36 patients, or 46% (36 of 78) of the total, as positive. Antibody responses to C. psittaci were demonstrated by the MIF test in all 36 CF-positive patients. The MIF test also detected antibody responses to C. psittaci in 12 patients (15% of the total) whose sera were negative or anticomplementary in the CF test. Seven patients, or 9% (7 of 78) of the total, were identified by the MIF test as having C. pneumoniae infections. About 30% of the study patients (23 of 78) showed no serologic evidence of either C. psittaci or C. pneumoniae infection by both the CF and the MIF tests. Four distinctive serologic reaction patterns were observed in the study patients. Recognition of these reaction patterns and judicious corroboration of serologic responses to the chlamydial species by the MIF test with epidemiologic and clinical information will increase the efficiency and accuracy of serodiagnosis for human psittacosis. RP WONG, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2417 EP 2421 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PG912 UT WOS:A1994PG91200015 PM 7814477 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BD HOLDER, PF PAIS, LB MASLANKA, SE GHEESLING, LL CARLONE, GM AF PLIKAYTIS, BD HOLDER, PF PAIS, LB MASLANKA, SE GHEESLING, LL CARLONE, GM TI DETERMINATION OF PARALLELISM AND NONPARALLELISM IN BIOASSAY DILUTION CURVES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY AB There is a lack of consensus among investigators who use a variety of immunoassay techniques (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and radioimmunoassay) regarding the protocols for describing and forming standard reference or calibration curves and interpolating serum antibody concentrations. This confounds the issue of detecting the presence or absence of parallelism between standard reference serum and serially diluted serum sample curves. These curves must be parallel to support the assumption that the antibody-binding characteristics are similar enough to allow the determination of antibody levels in the diluted serum sample. There is no universal and widely adopted strategy for assessing parallelism in bioassays, and without an assurance of parallelism, investigators are not able to calculate reliable estimates for antibody concentrations in serum samples. Furthermore, single-point (dilution) serum assays do not provide information related to parallelism and nonparallelism, and this, too, may lead to considerable error when calculating antibody concentrations. When assay methodology, technique, and precision improve to the extent that standard reference serum and serially diluted serum sample curves are fit with little error, standard analysis of variance techniques are overly sensitive to negligible departures from parallelism We present a series of guidelines that compose a protocol for assessing parallelism between bioassay dilution curves that are applicable to data derived from ELISAs. These criteria should be applicable, with minor modifications, to most immunoassay experimental situations and, most importantly, are not dependent on the mathematical model used to form the standard reference curve. These guidelines have evolved in our laboratories over the past 4 years during the performance of thousands of ELISAs for antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis groups A and C and Haemophilus influenzae type b. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PLIKAYTIS, BD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2441 EP 2447 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PG912 UT WOS:A1994PG91200019 PM 7814480 ER PT J AU JORGENSEN, JH SWENSON, JM TENOVER, FC FERRARO, MJ HINDLER, JA MURRAY, PR AF JORGENSEN, JH SWENSON, JM TENOVER, FC FERRARO, MJ HINDLER, JA MURRAY, PR TI DEVELOPMENT OF INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL LIMITS FOR BROTH MICRODILUTION AND DISK DIFFUSION ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAEMOPHILUS TEST MEDIUM; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; THERAPY; ANTIBIOTICS; CEFOTAXIME; DIAGNOSIS; FAILURE; CHLORAMPHENICOL AB A five-center collaborative study was undertaken to develop quality control and specific interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae against 12 antimicrobial agents. MICs were determined for 248 pneumococcal clinical isolates (with an emphasis on resistant strains) by use of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)-recommended broth microdilution procedure incorporating lysed horse blood-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth. NCCLS disk diffusion testing was also performed for each isolate by using Mueller-Hinton sheep blood agar incubated in 5% CO2. Repetitive testing of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 with different sources and lots of media and disks allowed development of quality control ranges which encompassed approximately 95% of MIC and zone size values observed in the study. Good intra- and interlaboratory reproducibilities were seen with these testing methods and all of the drugs examined. On the basis of the results of this study, MIC interpretive criteria are proposed for II agents. Comparisons of MICs and disk diffusion zone sizes allowed disk diffusion zone size interpretive criteria to be proposed for five drugs and confirmed the use of the oxacillin disk test for prediction of penicillin susceptibility among pneumococci. Excessive numbers of minor-category interpretive errors precludes recommendation at this time of the disk diffusion method for testing of pneumococci against five of the drugs. Use of these proposed quality control and interpretive criteria should provide for reproducible test results and allow recognition of recently emerging resistance among pneumococcal clinical isolates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02114. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,MICROBIOL LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,ST LOUIS,MO. RP JORGENSEN, JH (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 48 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2448 EP 2459 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PG912 UT WOS:A1994PG91200020 PM 7814481 ER PT J AU LORD, RD LORD, VR HUMPHREYS, JG MCLEAN, RG AF LORD, RD LORD, VR HUMPHREYS, JG MCLEAN, RG TI DISTRIBUTION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI IN HOST MICE IN PENNSYLVANIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Host mice (Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus) were sampled throughout the state of Pennsylvania to determine the geographical and ecological distribution of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. All 67 counties of the state were sampled. A total of 1,619 mice were captured from a total of 157 sites during the period 1990 to 1993 for an overall capture rate of 29.69%. A total of 112 (6.92%) isolations of B, burgdorferi were made. The distribution of isolations revealed the reason for the correlated distribution of human cases of Lyme disease in the state. Significantly more mice were captured and significantly more isolations were made from hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) habitat than from deciduous species forest. Nevertheless, high isolation rates from counties of the southeastern corner of the state illustrate well that hemlock habitat is not essential. Evidence suggests that in some areas, transmission between mite is occurring in some way other than through ticks as vectors. Host mice proved useful for determining the geographical and ecological distribution of B. burgdorferi. C1 INST INVEST VET,BRUCELOSIS LAB,MARACAY 2102,VENEZUELA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP LORD, RD (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,INDIANA,PA 15705, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2501 EP 2504 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PG912 UT WOS:A1994PG91200029 PM 7814489 ER PT J AU REEVES, WC GARY, HE JOHNSON, PR ICENOGLE, JP BRENES, MM DEBRITTON, RM DOBBINS, JG SCHMID, DS AF REEVES, WC GARY, HE JOHNSON, PR ICENOGLE, JP BRENES, MM DEBRITTON, RM DOBBINS, JG SCHMID, DS TI RISK-FACTORS FOR GENITAL PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN POPULATIONS AT HIGH AND LOW-RISK FOR CERVICAL-CANCER SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBODIES; PANAMA; PCR; DNA AB This study sought to determine risk factors for genital infection with papillomavirus (HPV) in Panamanian women 20-49 years old. Subjects were randomly selected from Herrera and Panama provinces (cervical cancer incidence 79 and 25/100,000, respectively). Participants were interviewed to determine sexual behavior. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were obtained to test for HPV DNA by commercial dot blot hybridization. HPV-16/18 DNA was detected significantly more frequently (5%) in Panama than Herrera (2%) samples (P = .002). Clearly, infection with high-risk HPV types alone cannot account for the differences in cervical cancer incidence between the two populations. HPV-16/18 detection decreased with increasing years of sexual experience among all women in Panama and among women with multiple partners in Herrera. However, HPV-16/18 detection did not change with sexual experience among monogamous women in Herrera. Thus, the epidemiology of HPV is complex and reflects both virus- and population-specific factors. C1 GORGAS MEM LAB,DIV EPIDEMIOL,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. INST ONCOL NACL,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. RP REEVES, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MAIL STOP A-15,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-42042]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB-41026] NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 170 IS 4 BP 753 EP 758 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PJ694 UT WOS:A1994PJ69400001 PM 7930714 ER PT J AU TAMIN, A ROTA, PA WANG, ZD HEATH, JL ANDERSON, LJ BELLINI, WJ AF TAMIN, A ROTA, PA WANG, ZD HEATH, JL ANDERSON, LJ BELLINI, WJ TI ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS OF CURRENT WILD-TYPE AND VACCINE STRAINS OF MEASLES-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FUSION PROTEIN; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CELL EPITOPES; B-CELL; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE; GENES; RECOMBINANTS AB The antigenic properties of vaccine and wild type strains of measles virus were compared. Serum specimens from vaccinated persons, persons infected during the prevaccine era, or mice experimentally vaccinated with the hemagglutinin (H) protein from vaccine virus neutralized vaccine virus and a wild type measles virus from 1989 equally well. In contrast, serum specimens from patients with recent measles virus infection and mice experimentally vaccinated with the H protein from the wild type virus from 1989 neutralized wild type virus with titers 4-8 times higher than those to vaccine virus. Several H protein-specific monoclonal antibodies could differentially recognize vaccine or wild type virus. These data show that the H proteins of the recent wild type viruses contain both conserved and new or modified antigenic determinants and are consistent with previous studies that described genetic drift in the H proteins of recent wild type viruses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,REVB,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MEASLES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 39 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 170 IS 4 BP 795 EP 801 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PJ694 UT WOS:A1994PJ69400007 PM 7930720 ER PT J AU BURKOT, TR PIESMAN, J WIRTZ, RA AF BURKOT, TR PIESMAN, J WIRTZ, RA TI QUANTITATION OF THE BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A IN IXODES-SCAPULARIS - FLUCTUATIONS DURING THE TICK LIFE-CYCLE, DOUBLING TIMES, AND LOSS WHILE FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; INBRED STRAINS; DAMMINI ACARI; SP-NOV; MICE; TRANSMISSION; IXODIDAE; AGENT; OSPA; INOCULATION AB The presence of outer surface protein A (OspA) as a marker for Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis ticks was monitored with an OspA antigen-capture ELISA. The OspA ELISA, with a sensitivity of 30 spirochetes (8 fg), was not affected by the presence of either recently blood-fed or flat tick homogenates. Median spirochete equivalent levels as high as 16,000 in larvae, 55,000 in attached nymphs, and 10,000 in unfed adults were observed. Estimates of OspA doubling times ranged from a maximum of 140 h in larvae to as short as 17.5 h during nymphal attachment to the host. Spirochete equivalents in nymphs fell by 3 X 10(4) spirochete equivalents (54% of total OspA) in the last 12 h of attachment to mice but rose after detachment. Each OspA-positive I. scapularis nymph, regardless of spirochete equivalent density or length of attachment, successfully transmitted B. burgdorferi to a mouse. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP BURKOT, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 170 IS 4 BP 883 EP 889 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PJ694 UT WOS:A1994PJ69400020 PM 7930731 ER PT J AU GILCHRIST, S TOROK, TJ GARY, HE ALEXANDER, JP ANDERSON, LJ AF GILCHRIST, S TOROK, TJ GARY, HE ALEXANDER, JP ANDERSON, LJ TI NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE FOR RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, UNITED-STATES, 1985-1990 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID VIRAL-INFECTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK; INFANTS AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and serious disease in the elderly and persons with compromised immune systems. To determine the temporal and geographic patterns of RSV outbreaks in the United States, monthly reports from 74 laboratories were analyzed for July 1985 through June 1990. RSV outbreaks were identified in 197 (93%) of the 211 laboratory years analyzed, with widespread activity beginning each fall, peaking in winter, and returning to baseline in April or May. Each year, the timing of outbreaks did not differ significantly between most regions; the few differences were small, and no region consistently had early or late outbreaks. These findings are consistent with RSV transmission within communities rather than between communities or regions. Health care personnel should consider the possibility of RSV infection in their treatment and prevention efforts from November through April each year in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 15 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 170 IS 4 BP 986 EP 990 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PJ694 UT WOS:A1994PJ69400035 PM 7930745 ER PT J AU HJELLE, B SPIROPOULOU, CF TORREZMARTINEZ, N MORZUNOV, S PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF HJELLE, B SPIROPOULOU, CF TORREZMARTINEZ, N MORZUNOV, S PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI DETECTION OF MUERTO CANYON VIRUS-RNA IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB To determine if Muerto Canyon Virus (MCV) RNA is present in the peripheral blood of patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for MCV RNA was used on blood samples from 20 seropositive case-patients. RNA was prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or blood clot (or both) from 19 and from plasma from 11 case-patients. All 12 blood clot, all 13 PBMC, and 8 of 11 plasma preparations produced an MCV amplification product after RT-PCR with primers from the G2 gene. All of 5 PBMC RNA preparations tested were positive using unnested primers in S segment. Nucleotide sequences were determined for 16 G2 amplimers and 4 S segment amplimers, verifying that unique MCV cDNA sequences were amplified. Viral RNA became undetectable in 5 of 7 convalescent samples tested but was present up to day 23 of illness in 2 case-patients. C1 UNITED BLOOD SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HJELLE, B (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 17 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 170 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1017 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PJ694 UT WOS:A1994PJ69400042 PM 7930697 ER PT J AU CERNESCU, CE TARDEI, G NECULA, A RUTA, SM PAU, CP AF CERNESCU, CE TARDEI, G NECULA, A RUTA, SM PAU, CP TI THE SEROLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF F-VIRAL GENOTYPE FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 EPIDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID V3 REGION; HIV-1 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CERNESCU, CE (reprint author), ST NICOLAU INST VIROL,285 SOS MIHAI BRAVU,R-79650 BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. RI Ruta, Simona/A-9569-2010 OI Ruta, Simona/0000-0002-2492-6073 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 170 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1044 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PJ694 UT WOS:A1994PJ69400051 PM 7930705 ER PT J AU KU, CC KING, CC LIN, CY HSU, HC CHEN, LY YUEH, YY CHANG, GJJ AF KU, CC KING, CC LIN, CY HSU, HC CHEN, LY YUEH, YY CHANG, GJJ TI HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS NEUTRALIZATION ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE AMONG TAIWAN CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; VACCINE MEMORY; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIGENIC VARIATION ID VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEINS; STRAINS; DENGUE AB Because 21 immunized children (13%) among the 162 confirmed Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases during 1986-1991 occurred in Taiwan, we collected 320 serum samples from Taiwan children aged 15-31 and 27-44 months immediately before the Ist dose (n = 41) and 1-3 months after the 2nd dose (n = 78, 27 pairs), and immediately before (n = 58) and 1-3 months after the 3rd dose (n = 143, 44 pairs) to determine neutralization antibody (Nt Ab) against the Nakayama (N) and Beijing-l (B) strains and two Taiwan wild type JE viruses (JEV): CC-27 and CH-1392. Our Nt results showed that (1) B vaccine stimulated a better homologous Ab response than N vaccine for Nt Ab seropositivity rate (NASR), produced a higher level of Nt titer after the primary immunization [2 doses = 100% vs. 91%, geometric mean titer (GMT) = 115 vs. 22], had a greater booster effect (3 doses: 100% vs. 95%; GMT = 320 vs. 33), and showed a better capability to neutralize two local Taiwan JEV strains, particularly only after 3 doses (ave. NASR for B vs. N = 90% vs. 10%; and GMT for B vs. N = 154 vs. 1); (2) the two wild type JEV strains had different plaque morphology and antigenic variation and the CC-27 strain was not neutralized as well as the CH-1392 strain after 3 doses of vaccine (BBB or NNN or NNB); and (3) 30% of the children had lost JEV Nt Ab one year after the 2nd dose of N vaccine and natural infection with JE virus did occur among those children after immunization. In conclusion, (1) three doses of mouse-brain vaccine are the minimum requirement to protect children against the local Taiwan JEV; (2) the best strain for a JE vaccine depends on level of Nt Ab it induced, the molecular epidemiology and antigenic variation of the JEV in each local area; and (3) future vaccine must produce better B- and T-cell memory. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NATL TAIWAN UNIV,INST PUBL HLTH,TAIPEI 100,TAIWAN. NATL INST PREVENT MED,DEPT MED RES,TAIPEI 11513,TAIWAN. NATL INST PREVENT MED,DEPT PEDIAT,TAIPEI 11513,TAIWAN. VET GEN HOSP,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. LAMBAY ISLET HLTH CTR,PINGTUNG,TAIWAN. TUNGKANG HLTH CTR,PINGTUNG,TAIWAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890440204 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA PJ463 UT WOS:A1994PJ46300003 PM 7852952 ER PT J AU PURDY, MA CARSON, D MCCAUSTLAND, KA BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ KRAWCZYNSKI, K AF PURDY, MA CARSON, D MCCAUSTLAND, KA BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ KRAWCZYNSKI, K TI VIRAL SPECIFICITY OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-ANTIGENS IDENTIFIED BY FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY ASSAY USING RECOMBINANT HEV PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE WESTERN BLOT; PRIMATE; HEPATOCYTES ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; FUSION PROTEIN; POLYMERASE; PARTICLES AB A fluorescent antibody (FA) assay for hepatitis E vi rus antigen (HEVAg) in infected liver tissue was used to confirm the presence of virus-specific antigens in hepatocytes during the course of infection. With the cloning of the HEV genome it is now possible to determine which viral antigens are recognized by this FA assay. Recombinant HEV proteins covering the carboxyl half of HEV open reading frame 2 (ORF2) were used in this study to demonstrate that some of the most immunoreactive virus-specific antigens detected by FA are contained within this region of ORF2 (nucleotides 6169-7126). (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP PURDY, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890440217 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA PJ463 UT WOS:A1994PJ46300016 PM 7531755 ER PT J AU YIP, R SCANLON, K AF YIP, R SCANLON, K TI THE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION - A POPULATION PERSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID MORTALITY; CRISIS RP YIP, R (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MS K-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 124 IS 10 SU S BP S2043 EP S2046 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PN612 UT WOS:A1994PN61200001 ER PT J AU BAKER, EL AF BAKER, EL TI A REVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH ON HEALTH-EFFECTS OF HUMAN OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ORGANIC-SOLVENTS - A CRITICAL-REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC TOXIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID PROTEINS; NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; CASE-REFERENT; CONSTRUCTION PAINTERS; OLFACTORY FUNCTION; LIVER-FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; WORKERS; DISEASE AB The health impact of workplace solvent exposure remains an issue of substantial interest and concern to occupational health professionals. As a result of research performed in the 1970s and 1980s, policies and programs were developed throughout the world to control excessive exposure to solvents. To an extent, these programs have been responsible for reduction of the occurrence of solvent-associated encephalopathy and other health effects. In this review of research performed since 1985, particular attention is given to issues of reversibility of neurotoxicity following exposure cessation. Furthermore, health effects involving other organ systems, particularly reproductive, renal, and hepatic disorders, are discussed. Future research directions are discussed. Finally, the practical implications of these recent research findings are described with a focus on the management of prevention programs at the work site. RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 90 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1092 DI 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00010 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN817 UT WOS:A1994PN81700006 PM 7830166 ER PT J AU BROMBERG, K SHAH, B CLARKGOLDEN, M LIGHT, H MARCELLINO, L RIVERA, M LI, PW ERDMAN, D HEATH, J BELLINI, WJ AF BROMBERG, K SHAH, B CLARKGOLDEN, M LIGHT, H MARCELLINO, L RIVERA, M LI, PW ERDMAN, D HEATH, J BELLINI, WJ TI MATERNAL IMMUNITY TO MEASLES AND INFANT IMMUNITY AT LESS-THAN 12 MONTHS OF AGE RELATIVE TO MATERNAL PLACE OF BIRTH SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; VIRUS; ANTIBODY AB Sera from infants aged 5 to 11 months and from their mothers were used to investigate the level and duration of transplacentally derived measles antibody. The infants of foreign-born, inner-city mothers were more likely to have measles antibody and were less likely to get measles. Infants of foreign-born mothers, because they are less likely to respond to measles vaccine, may require different vaccine strategies than infants of mothers born in the United States. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, SOCIAL SCI DATA LAB, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, RESP & ENTEROVIRAL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP BROMBERG, K (reprint author), CHILDRENS MED CTR, BOX 49, 450 CLARKSON AVE, BROOKLYN, NY 11203 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 125 IS 4 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70011-7 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PK529 UT WOS:A1994PK52900011 PM 7931876 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF PAMUK, E THUN, M FLANDERS, D BYERS, T AF WILLIAMSON, DF PAMUK, E THUN, M FLANDERS, D BYERS, T TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF INTENTIONAL WEIGHT-LOSS AND MORTALITY IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500068 ER PT J AU YIP, R AF YIP, R TI THE IRON CONTROVERSY - TOO LITTLE VS TOO MUCH SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 533 EP 534 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PK985 UT WOS:A1994PK98500070 ER PT J AU ROWLEY, DL AF ROWLEY, DL TI RESEARCH ISSUES IN THE STUDY OF VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT AND PRETERM DELIVERY AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE VERY LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PRETERM DELIVERY; RACE ETHNICITY AB Very low birthweight and preterm delivery explain two thirds of the excess deaths experienced by African-American infants. Although comprehensive, good quality services for all African-American women will help to reduce the twofold higher rate of infant mortality experienced by African-American infants compared with white infants, the infant mortality gap will not be closed until prevention research is conducted that incorporates the social, cultural, and political context of life for African-American women; the environmental stressors and the physiologic responses associated with stress; and the protective mechanisms available in the community for responding to stress. Discrimination may be an important stressor that influences a woman's susceptibility to a poor pregnancy outcome. Strategies already exist in the community to cope with discrimination and other environmental stressors. To capture the effects of discrimination and other environmental factors and the protective factors important for prevention, the research approach must involve African-American women and their communities as collaborators in the research. Such collaboration will help to avoid problems with scientific racism. RP ROWLEY, DL (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS-K23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 86 IS 10 BP 761 EP 764 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PK970 UT WOS:A1994PK97000006 PM 7807560 ER PT J AU FAGBULE, D PARAKOYI, DB SPIEGEL, R AF FAGBULE, D PARAKOYI, DB SPIEGEL, R TI ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS IN NIGERIAN CHILDREN - PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF INCIDENCE AND CASE-MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; WORLD AB A community-based prospective surveillance and case management study of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children aged 2-60 months of age was carried out over a 12-month period in Pakata, a semiurban community in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. A cohort of 481 children was followed by trained community health assistants with thrice weekly home visits to record all symptoms and signs of ARI, and institute treatment based on WHO recommendations. There were three episodes of mild, moderate, or severe ARI per child per year, including 1.3 pneumonia episodes per child per year. The peak of infection corresponded to the rainy season (July-November), and a smaller peak to the dry season (February-April). Most of the health worker decisions were considered appropriate, although there was a tendency toward over-treatment with antibiotic drugs. An effective referral system was established from the community to a tertiary centre. There were no ARI-related deaths during the study period. These data indicate that a system of case management using trained community health workers can improve case management of ARI and may prevent severe ARI-related disease and deaths. C1 UNIV ILORIN,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT PAEDIAT,ILORIN,NIGERIA. UNIV ILORIN,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,ILORIN,NIGERIA. EPIDEMIOLOGIST CCCD PROJECT,LAGOS,NIGERIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 40 IS 5 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA PR499 UT WOS:A1994PR49900006 PM 7807622 ER PT J AU SHARPNACK, DD MASTIN, JP CHILDRESS, CP HENNINGSEN, GM AF SHARPNACK, DD MASTIN, JP CHILDRESS, CP HENNINGSEN, GM TI QUINOLONE ARTHROPATHY IN JUVENILE NEW-ZEALAND WHITE-RABBITS SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-INDUCED ARTHROPATHY; ARTICULAR CARTILAGES; DIFLOXACIN; FLUOROQUINOLONE; OFLOXACIN; ACIDS; RATS AB Twenty juvenile New Zealand white rabbits were dosed orally once daily with 1,000 mg of nalidixic acid/kg for 3, 7, and 14 consecutive days, then for 14 days followed by a 14-day recovery period. Eighteen age-matched rabbits were allotted to four groups and given corn oil vehicle to serve as controls for the various treatment durations. The articular cartilage from the stifle joints, shoulders, and elbows was studied by gross examination, light microscopy, and toluidine blue histochemistry, and the hips were studied by gross examination and transmission electron microscopy. When examined grossly, raised vesicles could be detected in the joints of some animals after 3 days of treatment, The distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the ulna were predilection sites for gross lesions. Histologically, the vesicles were fluid-filled clefts in the intermediate layer of the articular cartilage. After 14 days, many of the lacunae in the areas of the defects contained chondrocyte clusters. When treated for 14 days and allowed a 14-day recovery period, territorial matrix had been deposited around individual chondrocytes within the clusters, compressing the matrix between the chondrocyte clusters into thin collagenous bands. For all treatment groups, decreased metachromasia, when stained with toluidine blue, provided histochemical evidence of loss of glycosaminoglycans in the matrix around the clefts. When examined by electron microscopy, the earliest lesions were characterized by degeneration and necrosis of chondrocytes, along with degradation of cartilage matrix. These findings confirm that quinolone arthropathy develops in juvenile rabbits and is similar to quinolone arthropathy in other laboratory animals. Quinolone arthropathy in the rabbit may prove to be an excellent model for certain aspects of osteoarthritis in humans. RP SHARPNACK, DD (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 44 IS 5 BP 436 EP 442 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA PP079 UT WOS:A1994PP07900004 PM 7531256 ER PT J AU CHENG, HH ZHANG, JP CAPIZZI, J YOUNG, NL MASTRO, TD AF CHENG, HH ZHANG, JP CAPIZZI, J YOUNG, NL MASTRO, TD TI HIV-1 SUBTYPE-E IN YUNNAN, CHINA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV HOSP,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. RP CHENG, HH (reprint author), YUNNAN PROV HLTH & ANTIEPIDEM CTR,KUNMING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 5 TC 60 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8927 BP 953 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92304-3 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PJ287 UT WOS:A1994PJ28700046 PM 7934363 ER PT J AU VERNON, SD ZAKI, SR REEVES, WC AF VERNON, SD ZAKI, SR REEVES, WC TI LOCALIZATION OF HIV-1 TO HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED CERVICAL LESIONS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION RP VERNON, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8927 BP 954 EP 955 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92305-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PJ287 UT WOS:A1994PJ28700047 PM 7934364 ER PT J AU GELLERT, GA WENGER, JD BRILLA, A AF GELLERT, GA WENGER, JD BRILLA, A TI HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B DISEASE IN LATVIA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. REPUBL LATVIA MINIST WELF LABOUR & HLTH,NATL ENVIRONM & HLTH CTR,RIGA,LATVIA. RP GELLERT, GA (reprint author), PROJECT HOPE,MILLWOOD,VA 22646, USA. NR 1 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 1 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8927 BP 959 EP 959 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92315-9 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PJ287 UT WOS:A1994PJ28700057 PM 7934374 ER PT J AU CRESPO, CJ AF CRESPO, CJ TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND HYPERTENSION SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Letter RP CRESPO, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1295 EP 1296 DI 10.1249/00005768-199410000-00019 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA PL505 UT WOS:A1994PL50500020 PM 7799775 ER PT J AU FERREIRA, JL HAMDY, MK MCCAY, SG HEMPHILL, M KIRMA, N BAUMSTARK, BR AF FERREIRA, JL HAMDY, MK MCCAY, SG HEMPHILL, M KIRMA, N BAUMSTARK, BR TI DETECTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM TYPE-F USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE DETECTION; TYPE F; C-BOTULINUM; PCR ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEUROTOXIN; GENE; CLONING; TOXIN AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a portion of the Clostridium botulinum type F toxin gene. An 1137-bp fragment was amplified from 11 different strains of type F C. botulinum with primers derived from the published sequence of type F strain no. 202. This fragment was not amplified from the DNA of C. botulinum types A, B and E, or from other clostridial organisms examined. When used as a hybridization probe, the 1137-bp PCR-generated fragment generated from one of the type F strains (the proteolytic strain type F Langeland) hybridized to the PCR products from all other type F toxin-producing strains tested. Portions of fragments amplified from the type F Langeland strain were sequenced. The sequence of this strain was found to exhibit approximately 3% variation from the published sequence of the non-proteolytic type F strain no. 202. Primers designed to pair with the regions of maximum sequence variation between strain 202 and the Langeland strain gave amplification products only with DNA from type F strains that exhibited the same proteolytic properties as the strain from which the primer sequences were derived. These findings underscore the need to consider Variations in sequence when designing oligonucleotide probes and PCR primers in order to avoid false negative results. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP FERREIRA, JL (reprint author), US FDA,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1994.1053 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA PU425 UT WOS:A1994PU42500005 PM 7877632 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, TC ELLERBROCK, TV CHIASSON, MA VANDEVANTER, N SUN, XW BRUDNEY, K DOLE, P KOULOS, J RICHART, R YOUNG, S BUSH, T JOHNSON, E PEREZ, G MARTE, C AF WRIGHT, TC ELLERBROCK, TV CHIASSON, MA VANDEVANTER, N SUN, XW BRUDNEY, K DOLE, P KOULOS, J RICHART, R YOUNG, S BUSH, T JOHNSON, E PEREZ, G MARTE, C TI CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN WOMEN INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - PREVALENCE, RISK-FACTORS, AND VALIDITY OF PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; ABNORMALITIES; DYSPLASIA AB Objective: To define the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the validity of Papanicolaou tests, and the associations between CIN and risk factors for cervical disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 398 HIV-seropositive and 357 HIV-seronegative women from two HIV-AIDS clinics, two sexually transmitted disease clinics, a methadone clinic, and a clinic for participants in an HIV heterosexual transmission study. Each woman was interviewed and underwent a cytologic and colposcopic evaluation, and was tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Results: Eighty (20%) of the 398 HIV-seropositive women compared to 15 (4%) of the 357 seronegative women had colposcopically confirmed CIN (odds ratio 5.7; P < .001). No invasive cancers were found. The sensitivity and specificity of Papanicolaou tests in seropositive women were 81 and 87%, respectively. By multiple logistic regression analysis using a model that included behavioral and biologic risk factors for CIN, CIN was independently associated with HPV infection (odds ratio 9.8), HIV infection (odds ratio 3.5), CD4+ T-lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/mu L (odds ratio 2.7), and age greater than 34 years (odds ratio 2.0). Conclusions: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a common finding in HIV-infected women. However, the results of this study suggest that Papanicolaou tests should be effective for detecting cervical disease in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS INTERVENT RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013. COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV SOCIOMED SCI,NEW YORK,NY. ST MICHAELS HOSP,NEWARK,NJ. BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003. RP WRIGHT, TC (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,ROOM 16-402,630 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU 204586-03, CCU 206822] NR 21 TC 236 Z9 244 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 84 IS 4 BP 591 EP 597 PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA PJ351 UT WOS:A1994PJ35100021 PM 8090399 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA DECOUFLE, P HOLMGREEN, P AF BOYLE, CA DECOUFLE, P HOLMGREEN, P TI CONTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES TO CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES - A MULTIPLE-CAUSE-OF-DEATH ANALYSIS SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN AB Although developmental disabilities are among the major chronic health problems affecting children in the United States, the contribution of developmental disabilities to childhood mortality is unknown. To investigate the magnitude of this contribution, multiple cause-of-death data were examined for US children, aged 1-19 years, for 1980 and 1983-1989. The following conditions were included as developmental disabilities: autism, attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, blindness and deafness. Based on underlying cause only, it was found that developmental disabilities were the fifth leading cause of nontraumatic death for children between 1 and 14 years of age and the third leading cause of non-traumatic death for children between 15 and 19 years. When a multiple cause approach was used to define developmental disability-related deaths (i.e. when contributing as well as underlying cause was considered), the number of such deaths nearly doubled. On the basis of both underlying- and multiple-cause analyses, cerebral palsy was the developmental disability most frequently cited as a cause of death. Mental retardation ranked second according to the multiple-cause approach but only fourth according to the underlying-cause approach. The least frequent causes of death (autism, attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, blindness, and deafness) were the ones most likely to be coded as contributing rather than underlying causes. Developmental disability-related mortality rates were highest among children aged 1-4 and 15-19 years, highest among blacks and lowest among racial groups other than blacks and whites, and higher among males than females. Although results of multiple-cause-of-death analyses more accurately reflect the proportion of deaths related to developmental disabilities, even this approach may underestimate the degree to which mortality is associated with a developmental disability. RP BOYLE, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECT & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00480.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA PV889 UT WOS:A1994PV88900008 PM 7532859 ER PT J AU THURMAN, DJ BURNETT, CL JEPPSON, L BEAUDOIN, DE SNIEZEK, JE AF THURMAN, DJ BURNETT, CL JEPPSON, L BEAUDOIN, DE SNIEZEK, JE TI SURVEILLANCE OF SPINAL-CORD INJURIES IN UTAH, USA SO PARAPLEGIA LA English DT Article DE SPINAL CORD INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INCIDENCE; SENSITIVITY; PREDICTIVE VALUE AB From 1989 through 1991, we conducted surveillance of spinal cord injury (SCI) among residents of Utah. We found an annual incidence rate of 4.3 per 100,000, with the highest rates occurring among males 15-24 years of age. Motor vehicles were the leading cause of injury, followed by falls, and sports and recreation. We also examined the accuracy and completeness of reporting in this surveillance system. We found the predictive value positive of SCI diagnoses reported in hospital discharge data to be only 61%. When we considered only patients who received acute hospital care in-state, we found that the sensitivity of hospital discharge data was 89%. These findings indicate serious problems in the reporting of spinal cord injury diagnoses in hospital discharge data and the need to verify case reports based on these data. There is also a need to study this problem in other jurisdictions to determine if overreporting is widespread. RP THURMAN, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP F41,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0031-1758 J9 PARAPLEGIA JI Paraplegia PD OCT PY 1994 VL 32 IS 10 BP 665 EP 669 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA PN905 UT WOS:A1994PN90500005 PM 7831072 ER PT J AU COLLINS, FH AF COLLINS, FH TI PROSPECTS FOR MALARIA CONTROL THROUGH THE GENETIC MANIPULATION OF ITS VECTORS SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material RP COLLINS, FH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD OCT PY 1994 VL 10 IS 10 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(94)90221-6 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PJ885 UT WOS:A1994PJ88500002 PM 15275536 ER PT J AU ORENSTEIN, WA BERNIER, RH AF ORENSTEIN, WA BERNIER, RH TI TOWARD IMMUNIZING EVERY CHILD ON TIME SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP ORENSTEIN, WA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,1600 CLIGTON RD,MAILSTOP E-05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 545 EP 547 PN 1 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PK840 UT WOS:A1994PK84000027 PM 7936869 ER PT J AU BOYLE, WE BULL, MJ KATCHER, ML PALMER, SD RODGERS, GC SMITH, BL TULLY, SB AF BOYLE, WE BULL, MJ KATCHER, ML PALMER, SD RODGERS, GC SMITH, BL TULLY, SB TI OFFICE-BASED COUNSELING FOR INJURY PREVENTION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AMBULATORY PEDIAT ASSOC,MCLEAN,VA. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US DEPT TRANSPORTAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20590. CANADIAN PAEDIAT SOC,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD 20816. RP BOYLE, WE (reprint author), MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,ROCKVILLE,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1994 VL 94 IS 4 BP 566 EP 567 PN 1 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PK840 UT WOS:A1994PK84000033 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE RIVARA, FP CONDIE, C SMITH, SM AF NELSON, DE RIVARA, FP CONDIE, C SMITH, SM TI INJURIES IN EQUESTRIAN SPORTS SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The authors surveyed equestrians to determine an injury profile. Based on responses from 2,195 frequent riders, the study confirms previous findings regarding injury rates, injury sites, and helmet use. New findings include a large number of neck and back injuries and a likelihood of injured riders to be between 15 and 44 years of age, ride English style, and have less than 10 years of riding experience. Data also show that many horseback-riding injuries are treated in physicians' offices. The high percentage of injured patients who suffered prolonged disability underscores the need for physicians to counsel horseback-riding patients about hazards and safety measures-especially helmet use. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,4770 BUDORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 22 IS 10 BP 53 EP & PG 0 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA PK463 UT WOS:A1994PK46300007 PM 27415172 ER PT J AU NELSON, BK CONOVER, DL SHAW, PB WERREN, DM EDWARDS, RM HOBERMAN, AM AF NELSON, BK CONOVER, DL SHAW, PB WERREN, DM EDWARDS, RM HOBERMAN, AM TI INTERACTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION AND 2-METHOXYETHANOL IN RATS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; MICROELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; DIELECTRIC HEATERS; HEALTH-HAZARDS; HYPERTHERMIA; EXPOSURE; MICE; TERATOGENICITY; CURRENTS; TEMPERATURE AB Concurrent exposures to chemical and physical agents occur in the workplace; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electrosurgical units. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to radiofrequency (RF; 10 MHz) radiation, which also induces hyperthermia and is teratogenic to exposed animals, and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The present study replicates and extends the previous research investigating the enhanced teratogenicity of combined RF radiation and 2ME exposures. The interactive dose-related teratogenicity of RF radiation (sham exposure or maintaining colonic temperatures at 42.O degrees C for 0, 10, 20, or 30 min) and 2ME (0, 75, 100, 125, or 150 mg/kg) was investigated by administering various combinations of RF radiation and 2ME to groups of rats on gestation days 9 or 13; gestation-day 20 fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations. The results ore consistent with and extend our previous research findings. Synergism was observed between RF rodiation and 2ME for some treatment combinations, but not for others. The study also clarified which gestational periods, RF radiation exposure durations, and 2ME doses would be most informative in future interaction studies to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 9 exposures generally evidenced little effect by 2ME, either by itself or in combination with RF radiation. In contrast, day 13 exposures resulted in highly significant effects from 2ME and RF radiation. The structures showing strong evidence of effects from both 2ME and RF radiation after exposure on gestation day 13 were the forepaw digits, forepaw phalanges, hindpaw digits, hindpaw phalanges, hind limbs, metacarpals, and metatarsals. Statistical analyses did not show a global synergistic effect, but did show evidence for a synergistic effect at intermediate levels of the dose ranges. Future research will address potential interactions at lower doses. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ARGUS RES LABS INC,HORSHAM,PA 19044. RP NELSON, BK (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,C-24,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1994 VL 50 IS 4 BP 275 EP 293 DI 10.1002/tera.1420500403 PG 19 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA QF412 UT WOS:A1994QF41200002 PM 7716735 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR LACKRITZ, E LEWIS, WF SMITH, DS HERRERA, G RAIMONDI, V ABERLEGRASSE, J DODD, RY AF PETERSEN, LR LACKRITZ, E LEWIS, WF SMITH, DS HERRERA, G RAIMONDI, V ABERLEGRASSE, J DODD, RY TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CONFIDENTIAL UNIT EXCLUSION OPTION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SCREENED BLOOD; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; HIV; ANTIBODY AB Background: The confidential unit exclusion (CUE) option is intended to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by excluding donors newly infected with HIV who have not yet developed HIV antibody (window-period donors); however, its efficacy in excluding window-period donors has not been evaluated. Study Design and Methods: The use of the CUE option was studied among the donors of 3.7 million units at 18 American Red Cross blood services regions during 1991 and 1992 and among 322 previously HIV-1-seronegative donors who subsequently donated a seropositive unit between 1987 and 1990 at 40 United States blood centers. These seroconverting donors had previously been shown to be highly likely to donate during their window period. Results: On the basis of data from these two populations, it was estimated that only 3 to 5 percent of units donated by window-period donors were not transfused because of the CUE option, that 0.4 percent of all donations were from donors who confidentially excluded their blood from transfusion, and that donors who confidentially excluded their blood were 21 times more likely to be HIV antibody-positive than donors who did not use the CUE option. It is estimated that, if all US blood centers used the CUE option, a total of 2 to 17 otherwise acceptable units donated by window-period donors would not be transfused annually. Conclusion: Although donors who confidentially exclude their blood from transfusion are 21 times more likely to have HIV antibody, the rarity of window-period donors and the infrequency of confidential exclusion by window-period donors cause the CUE option to have minimal impact on transfusion safety. C1 AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 10 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.341095026971.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PL444 UT WOS:A1994PL44400006 PM 7940657 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP DODD, RY PETERSEN, LR AF BUSCH, MP DODD, RY PETERSEN, LR TI VALUE OF ANTI-HBC AS A SURROGATE MARKER FOR WINDOW PHASE HIV-1 INFECTION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. ARC,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 10 SU S BP S64 EP S64 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PM339 UT WOS:A1994PM33900253 ER PT J AU FOSDICK, M WINSLOW, D LARSEN, S AF FOSDICK, M WINSLOW, D LARSEN, S TI CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF MHATP AS A CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR THE OLYMPUS PK(TM)-TP SYSTEM SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BLOOD BANK DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 10 SU S BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PM339 UT WOS:A1994PM33900194 ER PT J AU SAYRE, K DODD, R LAYUG, L ALEXANDER, S TEGTMEIER, G LACKRITZ, E BUSCH, M AF SAYRE, K DODD, R LAYUG, L ALEXANDER, S TEGTMEIER, G LACKRITZ, E BUSCH, M TI INCREASED REPORTS OF FALSE-POSITIVE HIV-1 WESTERN BLOTS (WBS) IN DONORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ENV SENSITIVITY OF EIAS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARC,ROCKVILLE,MD. CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH,WORCESTER,MA. COMM BLOOD CTR,KANSAS CITY,MO. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 10 SU S BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PM339 UT WOS:A1994PM33900136 ER PT J AU BONGARD, J SAVAGE, R DERN, R BOSTRUM, H KAZMIERCZAK, J KEIFER, S ANDERSON, H DAVIS, JP AF BONGARD, J SAVAGE, R DERN, R BOSTRUM, H KAZMIERCZAK, J KEIFER, S ANDERSON, H DAVIS, JP TI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SWIMMING POOLS - DANE COUNTY, WISCONSIN, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 561-563, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MADISON DEPT PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. ST MARYS HOSP,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP BONGARD, J (reprint author), DANE CTY PUBL HLTH DIV,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 12 BP 914 EP 915 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG737 UT WOS:A1994PG73700006 ER PT J AU GUERRERO, I GENESE, C HUNG, MJ PAUL, S RAGAZZONI, H BROOK, J FINELLI, L SPITALNY, KC MOJICA, BA MAHONEY, KJ HEFFERNAN, RT KONDRACKI, SF MORSE, DL CARTTER, ML HADLER, J RANKIN, JT GROVES, C AF GUERRERO, I GENESE, C HUNG, MJ PAUL, S RAGAZZONI, H BROOK, J FINELLI, L SPITALNY, KC MOJICA, BA MAHONEY, KJ HEFFERNAN, RT KONDRACKI, SF MORSE, DL CARTTER, ML HADLER, J RANKIN, JT GROVES, C TI UPDATE - OUTBREAK OF LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH A CRUISE SHIP, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 574-575, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WHIRLPOOL-SPA C1 NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP GUERRERO, I (reprint author), COMMUNITY MED CTR,TOMS RIVER,NJ 08755, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 28 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 12 BP 915 EP 915 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG737 UT WOS:A1994PG73700007 ER PT J AU BARKER, D AF BARKER, D TI CHANGES IN THE CIGARETTE BRAND PREFERENCES OF ADOLESCENT SMOKERS - UNITED-STATES, 1989-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 577-581, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SMOKING C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BARKER, D (reprint author), ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FDN,PRINCETON,NJ, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 11 BP 843 EP 844 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG182 UT WOS:A1994PG18200006 ER PT J AU CRUTCHER, JC BLACK, G CAMPBELL, P SMITH, JD TOOMEY, K AF CRUTCHER, JC BLACK, G CAMPBELL, P SMITH, JD TOOMEY, K TI RISKY DRIVING BEHAVIORS AMONG TEENAGERS - GWINNETT COUNTY, GEORGIA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 405-409, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 GWINNETT CTY BOARD HLTH,LAWRENCEVILLE,NJ. GWINNETT CTY DEPT TRANSPORTAT,LAWRENCEVILLE,NJ. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,OFF STAT PROGRAMMING & GRAPH,ATLANTA,GA. RP CRUTCHER, JC (reprint author), GWINNETT CTY TEEN TRAFF TRAGEDIES TASK FORCE,LAWRENCEVILLE,NJ, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 11 BP 844 EP 845 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG182 UT WOS:A1994PG18200007 ER PT J AU KARLSON, TA QUADE, CA AF KARLSON, TA QUADE, CA TI HEAD-INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH MOTORCYCLE USE - WISCONSIN, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 423, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. WISCONSIN DEPT TRANSPORTAT,MADISON,WI. RP KARLSON, TA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR HLTH SYST RES & ANAL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 11 BP 845 EP 846 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG182 UT WOS:A1994PG18200008 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ MERCY, JA RYAN, GW PARRISH, RG AF SACKS, JJ MERCY, JA RYAN, GW PARRISH, RG TI GUNS IN THE HOME, HOMICIDE, AND SUICIDE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID OWNERSHIP RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 11 BP 847 EP 848 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG182 UT WOS:A1994PG18200010 PM 8078158 ER PT J AU STEFFEN, R KANE, MA SHAPIRO, CN BILLO, N SCHOELLHORN, KJ VANDAMME, P AF STEFFEN, R KANE, MA SHAPIRO, CN BILLO, N SCHOELLHORN, KJ VANDAMME, P TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS-A IN TRAVELERS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; A VACCINE; NON-B; PROGNOSTIC ASPECTS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE; COUNTRIES; RISK AB Objective.-To assess the risk of hepatitis A in international travelers and to recommend preventive measures. Data Sources.-Index Medicus, 1974 through 1983; MEDLINE, 1984 through 1993; and unpublished data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Study Selection.-Review of all retrospective and cohort studies on hepatitis A and other vaccine-preventable diseases in travelers, of seroepidemiologic surveys of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in travelers, of data on the various hepatitis A vaccines, of economic analyses, and of recommendations of recognized organizations. Data Extraction.-Independent analysis by multiple observers. Data Synthesis.-The incidence rate for unprotected travelers, including those staying in luxury hotels, is estimated to be three per 1000 travelers per month of stay in a developing country. Persons eating and drinking under poor hygienic conditions have a rate of 20/1000 per month. This makes hepatitis A the most frequent infection in travelers that may be prevented by immunization. In many industrialized countries persons born after 1945 have an HAV antibody seroprevalence (immunity) of less than 20%. New inactivated HAV vaccines induce protective antibodies in more than 95% of recipients and offer protection estimated to last for 10 years or more, whereas protection by immune globulin lasts only 3 to 5 months. Conclusions.-Hepatitis A vaccine, or immune globulin where HAV vaccine is not available, is recommended for all nonimmune travelers visiting developing countries. Prescreening for antibodies to HAV in travelers living in countries with low prevalence is usually not necessary in persons born after 1945. C1 WHO,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL SUPPORT SERV,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. INT UNION AGAINST TB & LUNG DIS,PARIS,FRANCE. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,HAWAII IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,HONOLULU,HI. UNIV ANTWERP,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,B-2020 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. RP STEFFEN, R (reprint author), UNIV ZURICH,INST SOCIAL & PREVENT MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL & PRIVENT COMMUNICABLE DIS,SUMATRASTR 30,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013 NR 54 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 21 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 11 BP 885 EP 889 DI 10.1001/jama.272.11.885 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG182 UT WOS:A1994PG18200029 PM 8078167 ER PT J AU KILBOURNE, EM EIDSON, M PHILEN, RM VOORHEES, R SEWELL, CM AF KILBOURNE, EM EIDSON, M PHILEN, RM VOORHEES, R SEWELL, CM TI L-TRYPTOPHAN AND EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - REPLY SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. RP KILBOURNE, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 17 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8925 BP 818 EP 819 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PG178 UT WOS:A1994PG17800043 ER PT J AU BADDOURA, FK UNGER, ER MUFARRIJ, A NASSAR, VH ZAKI, SR AF BADDOURA, FK UNGER, ER MUFARRIJ, A NASSAR, VH ZAKI, SR TI LATENT EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS INFECTION IS AN UNLIKELY EVENT IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOPROLIFERATIVE SMALL-INTESTINAL DISEASE SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOPROLIFERATIVE SMALL INTESTINAL DISEASE; MEDITERRANEAN LYMPHOMA; MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE; ALPHA HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ID ALPHA-CHAIN DISEASE; MEDITERRANEAN ABDOMINAL LYMPHOMA; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA; TISSUE; DNA; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; AMPLIFICATION; GENOMES AB Background. The observed seasonal and geographic variations in the incidence of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) suggest that environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. One such environmental factor, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has been associated with other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Methods. IPSID tissues obtained at the time of initial diagnosis were retrieved from the American University of Beirut pathology archives (1972-1983) and examined for EBV genetic information by colorimetric in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eight patients were identified, four of whom also had serologic and immunohistochemical evidence of alpha-heavy chain disease. Thirteen tissue samples from these eight patients were available for study: eight were intestinal and five were nodal. Non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma cases (nine) were randomly selected from the same archive to serve as a control for EBV in that geographic location. The ISH method used a probe to the ''W'' repetitive region of EBV, with the human placental DNA probe as a control for sample preparation. The PCR method amplified a 110 base pair region in the long internal direct repeat with amplification of beta-actin as control for DNA preservation. Both assays used formalin fixed paraffin embedded Raji cells as a positive control. Results. Neither ISH nor PCR demonstrated EBV in any of the eight patients with IPSID. The results for one of seven control blocks with adequate DNA preservation were positive when PCR was used but were negative when ISH was used. Conclusions. These findings do not support a role for EBV in the induction of B-cell proliferation in IPSID. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT PATHOL,BEIRUT,LEBANON. MED CTR BEIRUT,BEIRUT,LEBANON. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1699 EP 1705 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19940915)74:6<1699::AID-CNCR2820740610>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA PG098 UT WOS:A1994PG09800009 PM 8082070 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA RAO, PE CALVELLI, T STETLERSTEVENSON, M BROWNING, SW YEUNG, L MARTI, GE AF NICHOLSON, JKA RAO, PE CALVELLI, T STETLERSTEVENSON, M BROWNING, SW YEUNG, L MARTI, GE TI ARTIFACTUAL SHINING OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES IN 2-COLOR COMBINATIONS IS DUE TO AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE SERUM AND PLASMA SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; FLUORESCEIN; PHYCOERYTHRIN AB Two-color whole blood lysis is the assay of choice for lymphocyte immunophenotyping because of the additional information it provides. Recently, artifactual double-staining of some specimens has been observed with this assay. In these cases, the samples appear to be uncompensated for spectral overlap or to inappropriately coexpress two antigens simultaneously. This artifact can result in the apparent coexpression of CD4 and CD8 (observed in lymphoblastic processes) or of CD5 and CD20 (characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia) in normal persons, leading to an erroneous diagnosis. Using plasma, serum, or immunoglobulin preparations from donors who exhibit this artifact we sought to determine 1) the source of the artifact and 2) ways to overcome it. This staining is apparently due to an immunoglobulin in the donors' serum and plasma which does not have specific reactivity with mouse immunoglobulin. Washing whole blood samples or blocking with mouse immunoglobulin is a convenient way of avoiding this artifact. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ORTHODIAGNOST SYST INC,ORTHOMUNE RES,RARITAN,NJ. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10467. NCI,DEPT PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FED DRUG ADM,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV CELL & GENE THERAPIES,MED & MOLEC GENET LAB,BETHESDA,MD. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD SEP 15 PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1002/cyto.990180305 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA PE248 UT WOS:A1994PE24800004 PM 7529155 ER PT J AU MILLER, TR LESTINA, DC GALBRAITH, MS VIANO, DC AF MILLER, TR LESTINA, DC GALBRAITH, MS VIANO, DC TI MEDICAL-CARE SPENDING - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 586, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 GM CORP,RES LABS,DEPT BIOMED SCI,WARREN,MI 48090. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MILLER, TR (reprint author), NATL PUBL SERV RES INST,CTR CHILDRENS SAFETY NETWORK ECON & INSURANCE RES,LANDOVER,MD, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 14 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 10 BP 764 EP 764 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PF188 UT WOS:A1994PF18800008 ER PT J AU HOGE, CW REICHLER, MR DOMINGUEZ, EA BREMER, JC MASTRO, TD HENDRICKS, KA MUSHER, DM ELLIOTT, JA FACKLAM, RR BREIMAN, RF AF HOGE, CW REICHLER, MR DOMINGUEZ, EA BREMER, JC MASTRO, TD HENDRICKS, KA MUSHER, DM ELLIOTT, JA FACKLAM, RR BREIMAN, RF TI AN EPIDEMIC OF PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE IN AN OVERCROWDED, INADEQUATELY VENTILATED JAIL SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; OUTBREAK; TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; CARRIAGE; FAMILIES; SYMPTOMS; EFFICACY AB Background. In the United States many correctional facilities now operate at far over capacity, with the potential for living conditions that permit outbreaks of respiratory infections. We investigated an outbreak that was identified in an overcrowded Houston jail after two inmates died of pneumococcal sepsis on the same day. Outbreaks of pneumococcal disease have been rare in the era of antibiotics. Methods. We assessed risk factors for pneumococcal disease in both a case-control and a cohort study. Ventilation was evaluated by measuring carbon dioxide levels and air flow to the living areas of the jail. The extent of asymptomatic infection was determined by culturing pharyngeal specimens from a random sample of inmates. Type-specific immunity was determined with an enzyme immunoassay. Results. Over a four-week period, 46 inmates had either acute pneumonia or invasive pneumococcal disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F. The jail's capacity had been set at 3500 inmates, but it housed 6700 at the time of the outbreak; the inmates had a median living area of only 34 ft(2) (3.2 m(2)) (interquartile range, 28 to 56 ft(2) [2.6 to 5.2 m(2)]) per person. There were significantly fewer cases of disease among inmates with 80 ft(2) (7.4 m(2)) per person or more (P = 0.030). Carbon dioxide levels ranged from 1100 to 2500 ppm (acceptable, <1000), and the ventilation system delivered a median of only 6.1 ft(3) of outside air per minute per person (interquartile range, 4.4 to 8.5 ft(3); recommended, greater than or equal to 20 ft(3)). The attack rate was highest among inmates in cells with the highest carbon dioxide levels and the lowest volume of outside air delivered by the ventilation system (relative risk, 1.94; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 3.48). Of underlying medical conditions, intravenous drug use was most strongly associated with disease (odds ratio, 4.50). The epidemic strain (serotype 12F) was cultured from 7 percent of the asymptomatic inmates. Of 11 case patients tested with the enzyme immunoassay, 9 (82 percent) lacked preexisting immunity to this strain. Conclusions. Severe overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and altered host susceptibility all contributed to this outbreak of pneumococcal disease in a large urban jail. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. HARRIS CTY HLTH DEPT,HOUSTON,TX. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. NR 51 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 10 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 8 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 10 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1056/NEJM199409083311004 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PE382 UT WOS:A1994PE38200004 PM 8052273 ER PT J AU BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM CASTRO, KG AF BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM CASTRO, KG TI MULTIPLE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TUBERCULOSIS RP BLOCH, AB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 8 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 10 BP 678 EP 679 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PE382 UT WOS:A1994PE38200020 PM 8052284 ER PT J AU GLASS, RI GENTSCH, J SMITH, JC AF GLASS, RI GENTSCH, J SMITH, JC TI ROTAVIRUS VACCINES - SUCCESS BY REASSORTMENT SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; PROTECTION; INFECTION RP GLASS, RI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 2 PY 1994 VL 265 IS 5177 BP 1389 EP 1391 DI 10.1126/science.8073280 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PE733 UT WOS:A1994PE73300032 PM 8073280 ER PT J AU ASTAGNEAU, P STEKETEE, RW WIRIMA, JJ KHOROMANA, CO MILLET, P AF ASTAGNEAU, P STEKETEE, RW WIRIMA, JJ KHOROMANA, CO MILLET, P TI ANTIBODIES TO RING-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN (PF155/RESA) PROTECT AGAINST PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PARASITEMIA IN HIGHLY EXPOSED MULTIGRAVIDAS WOMEN IN MALAWI SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PREGNANCY; ANTIBODY; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MALARIA; PREVALENCE; RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; AFRICA; PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; VILLAGES AB To determine whether antibodies to defined B-cell epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum antigens were related to protection against parasitemic attacks in highly exposed pregnant women, two samples of 235 with no initial P. falciparum parasitemia (NP) and 89 multigravidas who presented initial P. falciparum parasitemia (IF) were enrolled in an antimalarial prophylaxis trial in the Mangochi District in Malawi. Sera were collected under effective prophylaxis and tested for antibody measurement using FAST-ELISA. Mean antibody titers to synthetic peptides reproducing the 3 major B-cell epitopes of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (Pf155/RESA), as (EENV)(4), (EENVEHDA)(4) and (DDEHVEEPTVA)(3), were higher in the NP than in the IP multigravidas, and this remained consistent within the season of malaria transmission (all p<0.05). All antibodies to Pf155/RESA were positively intercorrelated within each group. Mean antibody titers to peptide (PNAN)(5) reproducing the major B-cell epitope of the circumsporozoite protein (CS protein) were similar between NP and LP multigravidas in both dry and rainy season. Antibodies to Pf155/RESA epitopes may contribute to immune protection against blood-stage parasite multiplication in these highly malaria-exposed pregnant women. C1 INSERM,U13,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. INST MED & EPIDEMIOL AFRICAINES,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,CHICHIRI BLANTYRE 3,MALAWI. MINIST HLTH,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP ASTAGNEAU, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 57 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1016/0001-706X(94)90077-9 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA PH893 UT WOS:A1994PH89300008 PM 7528968 ER PT J AU POUTHIER, F PERRIENS, JH MUKADI, Y KAYEMBE, T STLOUIS, ME BROWN, C PRIGNOT, J AF POUTHIER, F PERRIENS, JH MUKADI, Y KAYEMBE, T STLOUIS, ME BROWN, C PRIGNOT, J TI ANTI-A60 IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G IN THE SERODIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-SEROPOSITIVE AND SERONEGATIVE PATIENTS SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE HIV INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; SEROLOGY; A60; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; A60 ANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA; AIDS AB Objective: A60 is a high molecular weight mycobacterial antigen complex. The detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies to A60 has been advocated as a reasonably sensitive and specific test for active tuberculosis (TB). We aimed to compare the sensitivity of this test among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients with pulmonary TB. Methods: The presence and concentration of anti-A60 IgG antibodies was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 208 HIV-seropositive and 91 HIV-seronegative Zairian patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB. The relationship between anti-A60 IgG levels and HIV serostatus, CD4+ lymphocyte counts, presence of clinical AIDS, and tuberculin skin test results was verified. Results: Only 36.5% of the HIV-seropositive, compared with 69.2% of the HIV-seronegative patients had a positive anti-A60 IgG test (P <0.00001). Among HIV-seropositive patients, anti-A60 Ige levels did not differ according to CD4+ lymphocyte counts, presence of clinical AIDS, or tuberculin skin test results. Conclusions: Among patients with pulmonary TB, the sensitivity of testing for anti-A60 IgG was much lower among HIV-seropositive than among HIV-seronegative patients, even from the early stages of HIV-related immunodeficiency. This limits the utility of anti-A60 IgG-antibody testing in the diagnosis of TB among HIV-infected patients. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. BELGIAN AGCY DEV & COOPERAT,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD. RP POUTHIER, F (reprint author), UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,CLIN UNIV MT GODINNE,DEPT BIOL CLIN,B-5530 YVOIR,BELGIUM. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1277 EP 1280 DI 10.1097/00002030-199409000-00009 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PD647 UT WOS:A1994PD64700009 PM 7802980 ER PT J AU NESHEIM, SR LINDSAY, M SAWYER, MK MANCAO, M LEE, FK SHAFFER, N JONES, D SLADE, BA OU, CY NAHMIAS, A AF NESHEIM, SR LINDSAY, M SAWYER, MK MANCAO, M LEE, FK SHAFFER, N JONES, D SLADE, BA OU, CY NAHMIAS, A TI A PROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF HIV PERINATAL TRANSMISSION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE PEDIATRICS; PERINATAL; TRANSMISSION; HIV INFECTION; PRENATAL HIV TESTING ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TO-INFANT TRANSMISSION; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; INFECTION; MOTHER; CHILD; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGEN; COMPLEX; COHORT AB Objective: To estimate the perinatal HIV transmission rate and describe the natural history of infant HIV infection in a situation in which HIV status is known in more than 95% of delivering women. Design: A cohort of HIV-exposed infants born between 7 July 1987 and 30 June 1990, whose mothers were identified by routine voluntary universal HIV testing, were followed using clinical and laboratory measures. Setting: Grady Memorial Hospital, a major health-care site for individuals of lower socioeconomic status in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with approximately 7000 deliveries per year. Patients: HIV-exposed infants (n = 165), 98% of whom were African American. Results: Annual maternal HIV seroprevalence increased from 0.58 to 0.86%. The annual proportion of HIV-positive women having a second delivery increased from 4.3 to 25%. Clinical outcome was known for 132 out of 165 infants (22 infected and 110 uninfected), the transmission rate was 17% (confidence interval, 11-24%). The rate declined to 11% by the third year of the study. Gestational growth, prematurity and mode of delivery were unrelated to infant outcome. There was a trend for intravenous drug use to be more common in mothers of infected infants (P = 0.08). After 35 months median follow-up of infected infants, eight out of 22 (36%) had an opportunistic infection (seven Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia); three out of 22 (14%) had lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, and 10 out of 22 (45%) were asymptomatic or had only nonspecific symptoms. Cumulative mortality In infected infants was 9, 32 and 32% by 1, 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. Conclusion: In this cohort of HIV-exposed infants, perinatal HIV transmission was 17% overall. Factors affecting the transmission rate and possible future changes' in the rate require further study. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP NESHEIM, SR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1293 EP 1298 DI 10.1097/00002030-199409000-00012 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PD647 UT WOS:A1994PD64700012 PM 7802983 ER PT J AU WOODHOUSE, DE ROTHENBERG, RB POTTERAT, JJ DARROW, WW MUTH, SQ KLOVDAHL, AS ZIMMERMAN, HP ROGERS, HL MALDONADO, TS MUTH, JB REYNOLDS, JU AF WOODHOUSE, DE ROTHENBERG, RB POTTERAT, JJ DARROW, WW MUTH, SQ KLOVDAHL, AS ZIMMERMAN, HP ROGERS, HL MALDONADO, TS MUTH, JB REYNOLDS, JU TI MAPPING A SOCIAL NETWORK OF HETEROSEXUALS AT HIGH-RISK FOR HIV-INFECTION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE SOCIAL NETWORKS; HIV; AIDS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE PREVENTION ID GONORRHEA; TRANSMISSION; AIDS; SPREAD AB Objective: To determine how heterosexuals at risk for HIV infection interconnect in social networks and how such relationships affect HIV transmission. Design: Cross-sectional study with face-to-face interviews to ascertain sociosexual connections; serologic testing. Participants: Prostitute women (n = 133), their paying (n = 129) and non-paying (n = 47) male partners; injecting drug users (n = 200) and their sex partners (n = 41). Participants were recruited in sexually transmitted disease and methadone clinics, an HIV-testing site, and through street outreach in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA. Main outcome measures: Reported behaviors, risk perceptions, sociosexual linkages, and HIV prevalence. Results: Respondents were well informed, but reported engaging in high-risk behaviors frequently. Nevertheless, over 70% of respondents perceived themselves to be at row risk for HIV infection. The 595 respondents identified a social network of 5162 people to which they belonged. Network analytic methods indicated 147 separate connected components of this network; eight of the 19 HIV-positive individuals in the network were located in smaller components remote from the largest connected component. Conclusion: The isolated position of HIV-positive individuals may serve as a barrier to HIV transmission and may account for the lack of diffusion of HIV in heterosexual populations in this region. Network analysis appears useful for understanding the dynamics of disease transmission and warrants further development as a tool for intervention and control. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. EL PASO CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU802975] NR 22 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1331 EP 1336 DI 10.1097/00002030-199409000-00018 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PD647 UT WOS:A1994PD64700018 PM 7802989 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L CABEZA, J WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW AF SLUTSKER, L CABEZA, J WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW TI HIV-1 INFECTION AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN A RURAL DISTRICT IN MALAWI SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE HIV-1 INFECTION; PREGNANCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MALAWI; RURAL AREA AB Objectives: To determine HIV-1 seroprevalence in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in a rural district in Malawi, and to estimate the rate of HIV-1 infection in the district among women of reproductive age. Design and setting: Cross-sectional survey conducted from 1987 to 1990 of women enrolled at antenatal clinics at four sites (two towns and two villages). Methods: Questionnaires were administered and sera screened at delivery. Population infection estimates were based on national census and survey data. Results: Of 3953 pregnant women tested, 283 (7.2%) were HIV-1-seropositive. Women enrolled at town sites were significantly more likely to be HIV-1-infected than village women (11.3 versus 3.9%; P < 0.001). Higher infection rates were associated with age 20-29 years, first or second pregnancy, increased education or socioeconomic status, and living within 8 km of the clinic. It was estimated that over 7300 women of reproductive age were HIV-1-infected in this rural district. Conclusions: Seroprevalence rates in pregnant women in rural towns were intermediate between rates in villages and previously documented rates in cities in Malawi. Although village sites had lower seroprevalence rates, they accounted for over half the estimated HIV-1 infection in childbearing women in this district. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1994 VL 8 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1340 DI 10.1097/00002030-199409000-00019 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PD647 UT WOS:A1994PD64700019 PM 7802990 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB STROUP, DF AF THACKER, SB STROUP, DF TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS FOR COMPREHENSIVE PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE AND HEALTH INFORMATION-SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DATA COLLECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; ETHICS; MEDICAL RECORD LINKAGE; MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEMS, COMPUTERIZED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC POLICY ID INFANT-MORTALITY; DEATHS; RACE AB The authors describe a comprehensive system for public health surveillance for the United States based on a network of data systems ranging from population surveys and physician-based records to electronically linked laboratory and administrative data. They also discuss traditional uses of surveillance data, legal and ethical issues associated with using data from any surveillance system (particularly the tension between individual privacy and the public right to a healthful environment), and factors impeding the development of a comprehensive system. Just as provisional data on notifiable diseases are critical in protecting communities from disease, data from other information systems should be applied to prevention practice with the same urgency. The major barriers to a successful comprehensive, nationwide, integrated public health surveillance and information system are a lack of appreciation for the value of high-quality provisional surveillance data and a weak societal commitment to public health. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 77 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 5 BP 383 EP 397 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PE354 UT WOS:A1994PE35400001 PM 8067331 ER PT J AU LUEPKER, RV MURRAY, DM JACOBS, DR MITTELMARK, MB BRACHT, N CARLAW, R CROW, R ELMER, P FINNEGAN, J FOLSOM, AR GRIMM, R HANNAN, PJ JEFFREY, R LANDO, H MCGOVERN, P MULLIS, R PERRY, CL PECHACEK, T PIRIE, P SPRAFKA, JM WEISBROD, R BLACKBURN, H AF LUEPKER, RV MURRAY, DM JACOBS, DR MITTELMARK, MB BRACHT, N CARLAW, R CROW, R ELMER, P FINNEGAN, J FOLSOM, AR GRIMM, R HANNAN, PJ JEFFREY, R LANDO, H MCGOVERN, P MULLIS, R PERRY, CL PECHACEK, T PIRIE, P SPRAFKA, JM WEISBROD, R BLACKBURN, H TI COMMUNITY EDUCATION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION - RISK FACTOR CHANGES IN THE MINNESOTA HEART HEALTH-PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SMOKING CESSATION; WIDE PREVENTION; WEIGHT CONTROL; STRATEGIES; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INTERVENTIONS; PROJECT; DESIGN; IMPACT AB Objectives. The Minnesota Heart Health Program is a 13-year research and demonstration project to reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in whole communities. Methods. Three pairs of communities were matched onsite and type; each pair had one education site and one comparison site. After baseline surveys, a 5- to 6-year program of mass media, community organization, and direct education for risk reduction was begun in the education communities, whereas surveys continued in all sites. Results. Many intervention components proved effective in targeted groups. However, against a background of strong secular trends of increasing health promotion and declining risk factors, the overall program effects were modest in size and duration and generally within chance levels. Conclusions. These findings suggest that even such an intense program may not be able to generate enough additional exposure to risk reduction messages and activities in a large enough fraction of the population to accelerate the remarkably favorable secular trends in health promotion activities and in most coronary heart disease risk factors present in the study communities. C1 WAKE FOREST UNIV, BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED, WINSTON SALEM, NC USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH SOCIAL WORK, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV NUTR, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. SUNY BUFFALO, DEPT SOCIAL & PREVENT MED, BUFFALO, NY 14214 USA. AUGSBURG COLL, DEPT SOCIOL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. RP UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV EPIDEMIOL, 1300 S 2ND ST, SUITE 300, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL 25523] NR 54 TC 318 Z9 321 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 EI 1541-0048 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1393 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.9.1383 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ247 UT WOS:A1994PJ24700007 PM 8092360 ER PT J AU SINGH, GK YU, SM AF SINGH, GK YU, SM TI BIRTH-WEIGHT DIFFERENTIALS AMONG ASIAN-AMERICANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT-MORTALITY; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; DETERMINANTS AB Objectives. This study examines differentials in mean birthweight and the risk for low birthweight among various Asian-American groups in New York State (n = 499 377). Methods. Using resident singleton live-birth records from New York State for 1985 and 1986, Asian-American births were compared with Black, American Indian, and White births. Multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression models were used to analyze ethnic differences. Results. Compared with White births, the expected mean difference in birthweight was -115 g for Chinese, -235 g for Japanese, -164 g for Filipinos, -120 g for Blacks, and 74 g for American Indians. The risk for low birthweight was 45% higher for Filipinos and 49% higher for Blacks as compared with Whites. Conclusions. Results of this study suggest substantial heterogeneity in mean birthweight and risk for low birthweight among ethnic groups in general and the major Asian-American groups in particular. Interestingly, after controlling for ethnic differences in sociodemographic risk factors, Filipinos appear to resemble Blacks much more closely than they do their Japanese and Chinese counterparts with respect to risk for low birthweight. C1 HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP SINGH, GK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1444 EP 1449 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.9.1444 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ247 UT WOS:A1994PJ24700016 PM 8092369 ER PT J AU POMMERENKE, FA MILLER, RW SRIVASTAVA, S ACKERMANN, SP AF POMMERENKE, FA MILLER, RW SRIVASTAVA, S ACKERMANN, SP TI TARGETING CANCER CONTROL - THE STATE CANCER CONTROL MAP AND DATA PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB The State Cancer Control Map and Data Program (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va) allows state and county mortality maps and data tables to be tailored. according to the user's choice of cancer site, age, gender, race, county, and time period between 1953 and 1987. Counties and subpopulations within these maps and data tables that are identified as having exceptionally high rates of specific cancers can then be targeted for early detection or primary prevention. These maps and data tables provide a means for focusing state, local, and individual efforts to reduce cancer mortality in appropriate populations in areas with high mortality rates. C1 NCI,EARLY DETECT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1479 EP 1482 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.9.1479 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ247 UT WOS:A1994PJ24700022 PM 8092375 ER PT J AU DEBAUN, M ROWLEY, D PROVINCE, M STOCKBAUER, JW COLE, FS AF DEBAUN, M ROWLEY, D PROVINCE, M STOCKBAUER, JW COLE, FS TI SELECTED ANTEPARTUM MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS AND VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS AMONG BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL AB This study estimated the risk of very-low-birthweight delivery among Black and White women with selected treatable antepartum medical conditions. A logistic regression model was applied to a retrospective, population-based data set identified by computerized, linked birth certificate and maternal hospital discharge records. For Black mothers, the adjusted odds ratio for very-low-birthweight delivery was statistically significant for essential hypertension and urinary tract infection. For White mothers, the adjusted odds ratio was statistically significant for essential hypertension, urinary tract infection, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Public policy designed to reduce the risk of very-low-birthweight delivery must include strategies for attenuating the impact of treatable antepartum medical conditions. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEWBORN MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. WASHINGTON UNIV,DIV BIOSTAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1495 EP 1497 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.9.1495 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ247 UT WOS:A1994PJ24700027 PM 8092380 ER PT J AU MORROW, HW CHAVEZ, GF GIANNONI, PP SHAH, RS AF MORROW, HW CHAVEZ, GF GIANNONI, PP SHAH, RS TI INFANT-MORTALITY AND RELATED RISK-FACTORS AMONG ASIAN-AMERICANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY AB To examine differences in perinatal health among nine Asian ethnic subgroups, a descriptive epidemiological study Was conducted using linked birth/infant death certificates for 1982 to 1987. When compared with Whites, Asians had a lower proportion of young mothers, unmarried mothers, and women who received first trimester prenatal care; a higher proportion of foreign-born mothers; and a different birthweight distribution. A great deal of heterogeneity was found in risk factors and infant mortality rates among the various Asian ethnic subgroups. Paradoxically, although Asian ethnic subgroups had a,higher perinatal risk profile, they had more favorable birth outcomes than did Whites. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1497 EP 1500 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.9.1497 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ247 UT WOS:A1994PJ24700028 PM 8092381 ER PT J AU KASSLER, WJ TANFER, K ARAL, SO AF KASSLER, WJ TANFER, K ARAL, SO TI GONORRHEA RATES AMONG US MEN, ADJUSTED FOR SEXUAL-ACTIVITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID DENOMINATOR; APPROPRIATE C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,COLUMBUS,OH 43201. RP KASSLER, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1524 EP 1525 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.9.1524-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ247 UT WOS:A1994PJ24700040 PM 8092391 ER PT J AU LAMMIE, PJ HIGHTOWER, AW EBERHARD, ML AF LAMMIE, PJ HIGHTOWER, AW EBERHARD, ML TI AGE-SPECIFIC PREVALENCE OF ANTIGENEMIA IN A WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI-EXPOSED POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL FILARIAL INFECTION; HIGH-DOSE IVERMECTIN; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; RISK FACTOR; MICROFILAREMIA; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; CAPILLARY; DYNAMICS; BLOOD AB Antigen detection assays serve as a useful adjunct to blood examinations for studies of filariasis, in terms of the diagnostic and epidemiologic information provided. We examined the utility of the Og4C3 antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for field studies and analyzed the distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia in a Haitian population. Using serum samples collected following venipuncture, antigenemia levels were correlated with microfilaremia (P < 0.001). The microfilariae had a pronounced nocturnal periodicity while the sensitivity of the antigen assay was the same whether serum samples were collected during the day or at night. To determine whether the Og4C3 assay could be used in conjunction with fingerprick blood examinations, nocturnal blood surveys were conducted. Of 419 persons surveyed, 207 (49.4%) were antigen positive with the Og4C3 assay. Serum specimens from all 121 microfilaremic individuals were antigen positive (100% sensitivity). The age prevalence of antigenemia increased from 24.5% for 1-5-year-old children to 70% for persons greater than 50 years of age. These results demonstrate that the Og4C3 assay is a sensitive tool for the detection of infection and raise questions about the expression of protective immunity in populations exposed to infection. RP LAMMIE, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F13,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PJ690 UT WOS:A1994PJ69000015 PM 7943556 ER PT J AU YANG, CF COLLINS, WE MILLET, P AF YANG, CF COLLINS, WE MILLET, P TI IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX ANTIGENS USING PLASMODIUM-CYNOMOLGI LIVER STAGE-PRIMED IMMUNE SERA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; GENE CLONING; SPOROZOITE; SEQUENCE; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES AB We have shown in a previous study that immunization of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with inactivated liver stages of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomologi (B strain) produced high antibody titers against sporozoites, liver stages, and blood stages of P. cynomolgi. In the present study, we demonstrate that these anti-P. cynomolgi immune sera recognized P. vivax (Salvador I) antigens. In an indirect immunofluorescence assay, both postimmunization and postchallenge sera reacted with antigens of sporozoite, liver-, and blood-stage parasites. In Western blot analysis, postimmunization sera recognized four bands of 97, 93, 70, and 65 kD in sporozoite antigens; postchallenge sera further recognized three doublet (set of two) bands of 86-90, 73-78, and 44-52 kD. When blood-stage extracts were used as antigens, five bands of 118, 105, 76, 68, and 47 kD reacted with postimmunization sera; two doublet bands of 81-87 and 49-52 kD further reacted with postchallenge sera. None of these sera reacted with asexual blood-stage extracts of P. falciparum and P. malariae, or with a recombinant circumsporozoite protein of P. vivax. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP YANG, CF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PJ690 UT WOS:A1994PJ69000017 PM 7943558 ER PT J AU COHEN, ML AF COHEN, ML TI EMERGING PROBLEMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The incidence of organisms resistant to various antimicrobial agents has risen over the last several years, resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality and overall treatment costs. The emergence of virtually untreatable infections has focused the medical community's attention on this issue. This paper reviews common pathogens (both nosocomial and community-acquired infections) that have become resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Approaches that may prevent or retard the development of resistance among these organisms are discussed. RP COHEN, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70183-0 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA PE033 UT WOS:A1994PE03300007 PM 8080142 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK MILLER, GL AF NOJI, EK MILLER, GL TI EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TO A DISASTER FROM AN EMERGING PATHOGEN SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 512 EP 514 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70197-0 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA PE033 UT WOS:A1994PE03300013 PM 8080147 ER PT J AU ARNOW, PM BLAND, LA GARCIAHOUCHINS, S FRIDKIN, S FELLNER, SK AF ARNOW, PM BLAND, LA GARCIAHOUCHINS, S FRIDKIN, S FELLNER, SK TI AN OUTBREAK OF FATAL FLUORIDE INTOXICATION IN A LONG-TERM HEMODIALYSIS UNIT SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HEMODIALYSIS UNITS, HOSPITAL; FLUORIDE POISONING; HEMODIALYSIS; DEIONIZATION SYSTEMS; WATER ID HYPERKALEMIA AB Objective: To determine the cause of an outbreak of acute illness and death in a long-term hemodialysis unit. Design: A retrospective cohort and case-control study of patients receiving hemodialysis and a laboratory study of a model deionization system to purify water for hemodialysis. Setting: An outpatient hemodialysis unit of a university hospital. Patients: 12 patients who became severely ill after hemodialysis treatment and 20 patients who did not become ill after receiving hemodialysis treatment in the same unit. Measurements: Medical and dialysis unit records were reviewed to identify and characterize cases. Fluids for dialysis were tested for toxic substances, and fluoride was measured in patients' serum. Resistivity and fluoride were measured in effluent from a model deionization system operated in the same way as the system associated with illness. Results: During five consecutive hemodialysis shifts, 12 of 15 patients receiving dialysis treatment in one room became acutely ill, with severe pruritus, multiple nonspecific symptoms, and/or fatal ventricular fibrillation (3 patients). None of 17 patients treated in the adjacent room became ill (P < 0.0001). Death was associated with longer hemodialysis time and increased age compared with other patients who became ill. Serum concentrations of fluoride in the sick patients were markedly increased to as high as 716 mu mol/L, and the source of fluoride was the temporary deionization system used to purify water for hemodialysis only in the affected room. Operation of a model deionization system showed how fluoride was adsorbed and then displaced in a massive efflux. Conclusions: Because deionization systems are used widely in hemodialysis and can cause fatal fluoride intoxication, careful design and monitoring are essential. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ARNOW, PM (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO HOSP & CLIN,DEPT MED MC5065,5841 S MARYLAND AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 5 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PD701 UT WOS:A1994PD70100005 PM 8042823 ER PT J AU KNAPP, JS WASHINGTON, JA DOYLE, LJ NEAL, SW PAREKH, MC RICE, RJ AF KNAPP, JS WASHINGTON, JA DOYLE, LJ NEAL, SW PAREKH, MC RICE, RJ TI PERSISTENCE OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE STRAINS WITH DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO CIPROFLOXACIN AND OFLOXACIN IN CLEVELAND, OHIO, FROM 1992 THROUGH 1993 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE AB Twenty-five isolates of beta-lactamase-negative strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin (MIC, greater than or equal to 0.125 mu g/ml) were isolated from men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in Cleveland, Ohio, from January 1992 through June 1993. The strains belonged to three auxotype-serovar classes: Pro-IB-1 (2 isolates), Pro-IB-2 (21 isolates), and Pro-IB-3 (2 isolates). MICs for strains were in the intermediate or resistant categories for penicillin, the intermediate or susceptible categories for tetracycline (with the exception of one Strain that had acquired the 25.2-MDa TetM-containing plasmid) and cefoxitin, and the susceptible categories for ceftriaxone and cefixime (MICs, less than or equal to 0.25 mu g/ml) and spectinomycin (MIC, less than or equal to 256 mu g/ml). MICs for strains were also in the susceptible category for ofloxacin (MIC, 0.25 mu g/ml) and in categories higher than susceptible for ciprofloxacin (MICs, 0.125 to 0.25 mu g/ml) and ofloxacin (MIC, 0.5 mu g/ml). The diameters of zones of inhibition for these strains ranged from 31 to 39 mm for ciprofloxacin to 28 to 35 mm for ofloxacin. The persistence of these strains over an 18-month period supports the need for routine sentinel surveillance and monitoring of gonococcal isolates, particularly posttreatment isolates, for resistance to quinolones when these agents are used for the primary therapy of uncomplicated gonorrhea. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. CLEVELAND CLIN,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CLEVELAND,OH. RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2194 EP 2196 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PF108 UT WOS:A1994PF10800056 PM 7811045 ER PT J AU KNAPP, JS OHYE, R NEAL, SW PAREKH, MC HIGA, H RICE, RJ AF KNAPP, JS OHYE, R NEAL, SW PAREKH, MC HIGA, H RICE, RJ TI EMERGING IN-VITRO RESISTANCE TO QUINOLONES IN PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE STRAINS IN HAWAII SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID DISK DIFFUSION; TETRACYCLINE AB The susceptibilities of 37 penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), isolated in Hawaii from December 1991 through January 1994, were determined to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, fluoroquinolone agents currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as alternative regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Nine isolates (24.3%) exhibited decreased susceptibilities (MICs, greater than or equal to 0.06 mu g/ml) to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin MICs for three isolates (8.1%) were 2.0 mu g/ml; these isolates belonged to the auxotype/serovar class Pro/IB-7 and possessed the 3.2-MDa beta-lactamase and the 24.5-MDa conjugative plasmids. Six strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs were 0.06 to 0.125 mu g/ml belonged to a variety of gonococcal phenotypes. Strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs were 2.0 mu g/ml were isolated from persons who had traveled to, or were sexual contacts of persons who had recently traveled to, Southeast Asia. Persons infected with these isolates had been treated with ceftriaxone (250 mg intramuscularly, single dose); therefore, none of these cases were associated with clinical failure following the use of fluoroquinolone therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical and public health significance of increased in vitro resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in N. gonorrhoeae. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. STATE HAWAII DEPT HLTH,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,STD AIDS PREVENT BRANCH,HONOLULU,HI. STATE HAWAII DEPT HLTH,MED MICROBIOL BRANCH,HONOLULU,HI. RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2200 EP 2203 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA PF108 UT WOS:A1994PF10800058 PM 7811047 ER PT J AU MORATA, TC DUNN, DE SIEBER, WK AF MORATA, TC DUNN, DE SIEBER, WK TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO NOISE AND OTOTOXIC ORGANIC-SOLVENTS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SENSORY-EVOKED POTENTIALS; FREQUENCY HEARING-LOSS; CARBON-DISULFIDE; RATS; TOLUENE; WORKERS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; INHALATION; NEUROTOXICITY; STYRENE AB The objectives of this study were to review the literature on the effects of occupational exposure to organic solvents on the auditory system and to identify work settings in which exposure to these agents and to noise might occur. The criteria for selecting the chemicals were (a) evidence available that indicated that the chemicals may affect the auditory system and enhance noise effects, and (b) the ubiquity of their use. References to ototoxicity were noted for three proven neurotoxicants, i.e., carbon disulfide, toluene, and trichloroethylene, and for two probable human neurotoxicants-styrene and xylene. The percentages of workers (estimated by NIOSH National Occupational Exposure Survey) exposed to these solvents in each economic sector are shown. Work settings are identified where multiple exposures occur to solvents and noise. The need for future research is discussed. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MORATA, TC (reprint author), NIOSH,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 57 TC 63 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5 BP 359 EP 365 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM188 UT WOS:A1994PM18800010 PM 7944568 ER PT J AU RUBIN, CH NOJI, EK SELIGMAN, PJ HOLTZ, JL GRANDE, J VITTANI, F AF RUBIN, CH NOJI, EK SELIGMAN, PJ HOLTZ, JL GRANDE, J VITTANI, F TI EVALUATING A FLUOROSIS HAZARD AFTER A VOLCANIC-ERUPTION SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FLUORIDE; LIVESTOCK; DISASTERS AB The August, 1991 eruption of Mt. Hudson (Chile) deposited ash across southern Argentina and contributed to the deaths of thousands of grazing sheep. Early ash analysis revealed high levels of fluoride, a potential ash constituent toxic to humans and animals. In order to evaluate fluorosis as the cause of sheep deaths and to examine the possibility that similar ash and airborne toxins could also have an effect on the human population, we conducted an investigation that included health provider interviews, hospital record review, physical examination of sheep, determination of sheep urine fluoride levels, and complete constituent analysis of ash samples collected at proscribed distances from the volcano. Ash deposited farthest from the volcano had highest fluoride levels; all fluoride measurements were normal after rainfall. There were no signs br symptoms of fluorosis observed in sheep or humans. Sheep deaths resulted from physical, rather than chemical properties of the ash. C1 EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,CTR PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. US AGCY INT DEV,DISASTER ASSISTANCE OFF,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. MINIST HLTH & SOCIAL ACT,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. RP RUBIN, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5 BP 395 EP 401 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM188 UT WOS:A1994PM18800014 PM 7944572 ER PT J AU MOOLENAAR, RL HEFFLIN, BJ ASHLEY, DL MIDDAUGH, JP ETZEL, RA AF MOOLENAAR, RL HEFFLIN, BJ ASHLEY, DL MIDDAUGH, JP ETZEL, RA TI METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER IN HUMAN BLOOD AFTER EXPOSURE TO OXYGENATED FUEL IN FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STONE DISSOLUTION; POPULATION; GALLSTONES; GASOLINE AB Residents of Fairbanks, Alaska reported health complaints when 15%, by volume, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBF) was added to gasoline during an oxygenated fuel program. We conducted an exposure survey to investigate the effect of the program on human exposure to MTBE. We studied 18 workers in December 1992 during the program and 28 workers in February 1993 after the program was suspended. All workers were heavily exposed to motor vehicle exhaust or gasoline fumes. In December, the median post-shift blood concentration of MTBE in the workers was 1.8 mu g/l (range, 0.2-37.0 mu g/l), and in February the median post-shift blood concentration of MTBE in the 28 workers was 0.24 mu g/l (range, 0.05-1.44 mu g/l; p = .0001). Blood MTBE levels were measurably higher during the oxygenated fuel program in Fairbanks than after the program was suspended. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 13 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PM188 UT WOS:A1994PM18800015 PM 7524452 ER PT J AU LINKINS, RW DINI, EF WATSON, G PATRIARCA, PA AF LINKINS, RW DINI, EF WATSON, G PATRIARCA, PA TI A RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER-GENERATED TELEPHONE MESSAGES IN INCREASING IMMUNIZATION VISITS AMONG PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID APPOINTMENT REMINDERS; INFANT IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION; OUTPATIENT; PROGRAM AB Objective: To assess the effectiveness of computer-generated telephone reminder and recall messages in increasing preschool immunization visits. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Fourteen counties in urban and rural Georgia. Study Participants: Children (N=8002) who were younger than 2 years; had telephone numbers listed in preexisting computerized immunization databases; and were due or late for immunization(s) during the 4-month enrollment period. Intervention: Households of children were randomized to receive or not receive a general or vaccine-specific computer-generated telephone reminder or recall message the day before the child was due, or immediately after randomization if the child was late. Main Outcome Measure: The rates of immunization visits during the 30-day follow-up period. Results: Of the 4636 children whose households were randomized to receive a message, 1684 (36.3%) visited the health department within 30 days compared with 955 (28.4%) of the 3366 children whose households were not contacted (risk ratio [RR]=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.20 to 1.37; P<.01). Immunization visits were more frequent (41.1%) among the 3257 children whose households actually received the message (RR=1.45; 95% CI=1.36 to 1.56; P<.01). Improvement in immunization visits was similar for general and specific messages, greater for recall than reminder messages, and greatest for children who were late for the third dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Conclusion: These data suggest a simple and effective way to increase preschool immunization visits, particularly for vaccines associated with the lowest immunization rates. C1 GEORGIA DIV PUBL HLTH,GEORGIA IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP LINKINS, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,INFORMAT SERV,MAILSTOP E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [H23-CCH404440] NR 35 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 148 IS 9 BP 908 EP 914 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PF678 UT WOS:A1994PF67800002 PM 8075732 ER PT J AU DIETZ, VJ STEVENSON, J ZELL, ER COCHI, S HADLER, S EDDINS, D AF DIETZ, VJ STEVENSON, J ZELL, ER COCHI, S HADLER, S EDDINS, D TI POTENTIAL IMPACT ON VACCINATION COVERAGE LEVELS BY ADMINISTERING VACCINES SIMULTANEOUSLY AND REDUCING DROPOUT RATES SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Retrospective immunization coverage surveys conducted during 1991 and 1992 demonstrated that coverage levels for the routine childhood vaccines by 24 months of age in selected urban areas of the United States ranged from 10% to 52%, far below the US Public Health Service goal of 90%. Therefore, appropriate programmatic changes must be identified and incorporated. Methods: We analyzed coverage survey data collected from 21 sites to measure the potential impact on coverage levels of implementing selected changes in vaccination practices. In a multistaged cluster survey design, school health records of kindergarten or first-grade students were randomly selected and dates of vaccination assessed. We evaluated changes in the vaccination practices, such as eliminating missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of vaccines and ensuring that children initiated the vaccination series on time (ie, by 3 months of age). We then calculated potential increases in coverage levels for a best-case scenario. Results: From 77% to 96% of all children in the 21 sites had received at least one vaccination by their first birthday. Children were 2.3 to 17 times more likely to be up to date on their vaccinations by 24 months of age if they were up to date at 3 months of age. Each child had many opportunities for the simultaneous administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) vaccine, oral polio vaccine (OPV), and measles-mumps-rub ella (MMR) vaccine that, if used appropriately, could have potentially raised coverage levels by 1.2% to 22% (median, 17%). The highest coverage levels could have been attained if all children had started the series on time and if advantage had been taken of all opportunities for simultaneous vaccination. Coverage levels for four doses of DTP vaccine, three doses of OPV, and one dose of MMR vaccine would have increased from a baseline of 10% to 52% to levels of 54% to 83%. Conclusions: Although the majority of children received a vaccination by their first birthday,the coverage level at 24 months of age was low. Tracking systems are needed to ensure that children do not drop out of the system once they have begun the vaccination series. In addition, all children who are late in beginning their vaccination series are at increased risk of not completing the recommended vaccination series on time, and these children need intensive follow-up and recall efforts. Also, providers need to administer all needed vaccines simultaneously. RP DIETZ, VJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,CDC MAILSTOP E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 148 IS 9 BP 943 EP 948 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PF678 UT WOS:A1994PF67800008 PM 8075738 ER PT J AU SATTEN, GA LONGINI, IM AF SATTEN, GA LONGINI, IM TI ESTIMATION OF INCIDENCE OF HIV-INFECTION USING CROSS-SECTIONAL MARKER SURVEYS SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE CD4 CELL COUNT; CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEYS; CUBIC SPLINES; HIV; INCIDENCE; MARKERS OF DISEASE PROGRESSION; MARKOV MODEL; PENALIZED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; SAN FRANCISCO MENS HEALTH STUDY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS EPIDEMIC; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; THERAPY; HEALTH AB Methods of estimating the probability density function of infection times for a population, using serial cross-sectional measurements of a marker of disease progression, are presented. The infection time distribution may be calculated back to the beginning of the epidemic, if it is possible to sample individuals who were infected at the beginning of the epidemic; otherwise, under a Markov assumption, the infection time distribution may be calculated conditional on infection after sampling has begun. In either case, the proportion of prevalent cases infected in an arbitrary time interval between the onset and termination of sampling may be measured. Data from the San Francisco Men's Health Study are analyzed; the infection time distribution compares well with that estimated by Bacchetti (1990, Journal of the American Statistical Association 85, 1002-1008) using stored sera from several San Francisco cohort studies. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP SATTEN, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 675 EP 688 DI 10.2307/2532782 PG 14 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA PL748 UT WOS:A1994PL74800008 ER PT J AU WEHNER, JH KIRSCH, CM KAGAWA, FT JENSEN, WA CAMPAGNA, AC WILSON, M AF WEHNER, JH KIRSCH, CM KAGAWA, FT JENSEN, WA CAMPAGNA, AC WILSON, M TI THE PREVALENCE AND RESPONSE TO THERAPY OF STRONGYLOIDES-STERCORALIS IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA FROM ENDEMIC AREAS SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE ASTHMA; EOSINOPHIL; STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INTESTINAL PARASITES; INFECTION; PRISONERS; FEATURES; ANTIGENS; VALUES; WAR AB Study objective: To evaluate the prevalence and response to therapy of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in immigrant patients with asthma from areas endemic for Strongyloides. Design and interventions: In all patients, we performed a complete history and physical examination, complete blood cell counts (CBC), S stercoralis serologic tests, spirometry, and evaluated three stool samples for ova and parasites. Patients treated for S stercoralis infection had follow-up CBC, spirometry, serologic tests, and at least three additional stool examinations to confirm eradication of the parasite. Setting: Ambulatory and hospitalized patients who were referred to the respiratory medicine clinic of a general hospital for the evaluation and treatment of asthma. Patients: Forty-five asthmatic adults, representing 12 endemic countries, ranging in age from 20 to 76 years, were prospectively evaluated. Results: Six of 45 patients were infected with S stercoralis, which yielded a prevalence of 13 percent. The patients. with asthma and S stercoralis infection had higher blood eosinophil counts (p=0.006) and were younger (p=0.006) compared with patients with only asthma. There was no difference in the duration of asthma, spirometry, or steroid use between the two groups. Patients with S stercoralis and asthma tended to be more recent immigrants (p=0.05). Five of the six patients with S stercoralis agreed to be treated with thiabendazole but only four returned for follow-up evaluation. All four patients had eradication of S stercoralis infection confirmed by negative stool examinations and a decline in S stercoralis serology (160+/-25 percent vs 13+/-13 percent, p=0.03). All four patients had a decline in total blood eosinophil counts (2,476+/-832 cells per cubic millimeter vs 551+/-138 cells per cubic millimeter, p=0.03) without a clinical improvement in asthma. Conclusions: Our data suggest that patients with asthma from areas endemic for S stercoralis, who have elevated peripheral blood eosinophil counts, should be screened for S stercoralis infection. Successful eradication of S stercoralis, however, may not result in a clinical improvement of asthma. C1 SANTA CLARA VALLEY MED CTR,DIV RESP & CRIT CARE MED,SAN JOSE,CA 95128. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,STANFORD,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 762 EP 766 DI 10.1378/chest.106.3.762 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA PG605 UT WOS:A1994PG60500030 PM 8082356 ER PT J AU BARTHOLOW, BN DOLL, LS JOY, D DOUGLAS, JM BOLAN, G HARRISON, JS MOSS, PM MCKIRNAN, D AF BARTHOLOW, BN DOLL, LS JOY, D DOUGLAS, JM BOLAN, G HARRISON, JS MOSS, PM MCKIRNAN, D TI EMOTIONAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND HIV RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG ADULT HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article ID CHILD-ABUSE; BOYS; INCEST; INFECTION AB From May 1989 through April 1990, 1,001 adult homosexual and and bisexual men attending urban sexually transmitted disease clinics were interviewed regarding abusive sexual contacts during childhood and adolescence. Sexual abuse was found to be significantly associated with mental health counseling and hospitalization, psychoactive substance use, depression, suicidal thought or actions, social support, sexual identity development, HIV risk behavior including unprotected anal intercourse and injecting drug use, and risk of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV infection. Data suggest that sexual abuse may have a wide-ranging influence on the quality of life and health risk behavior of homosexual men. Increased awareness as to the potential outcomes of male sexual abuse is critically important to the design and implementation of medical and psychological services for sexually abused men. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. HOWARD BROWN MEM CLIN,CHICAGO,IL. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. RP BARTHOLOW, BN (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 63 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 18 IS 9 BP 747 EP 761 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA PE129 UT WOS:A1994PE12900005 PM 8000905 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, KM PARKINSON, AJ AF RUDOLPH, KM PARKINSON, AJ TI MEASUREMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCAL CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G IN HUMAN SERUM, A METHOD FOR ASSIGNING WEIGHT-BASED UNITS TO PROPOSED REFERENCE SERA SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; ELISA AB A direct method for measuring serotype-specific, class-specific antibody in proposed human reference sera is described. The assay uses a I-125-labeled, isotopically pure immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a primary standard in an antigen-antibody solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. From the measurement of specific radioactivity bound to the adsorbed antigen, serotype-specific IgG concentrations and optical density values can be directly related to optical density and serotype-specific IgG values for the reference Serum. We used this method to provisionally assign IgG concentrations in a pneumococcal reference serum to serotypes 1, 3, 6A, 12F, 14,and 23F. This assay was found to be reproducible; the coefficient of variation for duplicates was within 5%, and the day-to-day coefficient of variation was from 3 to 18% for all six serotypes. The assay provides a general method for standardizing human reference serum pools with respect to concentration of antigen-specific IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-subclass antibodies. RP RUDOLPH, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,225 EAGLE ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 1 IS 5 BP 526 EP 530 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT566 UT WOS:A1994PT56600007 PM 8556496 ER PT J AU ZANCOPEOLIVEIRA, RM BRAGG, SL REISS, E PERALTA, JM AF ZANCOPEOLIVEIRA, RM BRAGG, SL REISS, E PERALTA, JM TI IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE H-GLYCOPROTEIN AND M-GLYCOPROTEIN FROM HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARACOCCIDIOIDES-BRASILIENSIS; M-ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES; DEGLYCOSYLATION; PROTEIN; FORM AB The H and M antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum are glycoproteins, and both possess epitopes found on the C antigen, a cross-reactive galactomannan shared by the major genera of systemic dimorphic fungi. We modified the H and M glycoproteins by chemical and enzymatic digestion to determine the relative contributions of the carbohydrate and protein moieties to the immunological reactivities and the apparent molecular weights of these antigens. Endoglycosidases with known action patterns were used to determine the nature of the glycopeptide bonds in the H and M antigens. The effects of these treatments were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, lectin binding, and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blots probed with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Oxidation with 100 mM periodate destroyed the common fungal epitope recognized by MAb CA1-CB4 and nearly all of the concanavalin A-binding sites on both the H and M antigens; it also caused the molecular mass of the M antigen to shift from 94 to 88 kDa. Treatment of samples with O-glycanase had little, if any, effect on the H and M glycoproteins. On the other hand, treatments with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and particularly peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), produced pronounced shifts in the M(r) but did not completely eliminate concanavalin A- or MAb CA1-CB4-binding sites. PNGase F treatment caused the molecular mass of the H antigen to shift from 116 to 94 kDa and that of the M antigen to shift from 94 to 74 kDa. The susceptibilities of the H and M glycoproteins to endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidases suggest that their glycosidic moieties are N linked. The glycosidic moieties are cross-reactive in enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blots, so their presence is an impediment to achieving diagnostic specificity. Periodate oxidation appears to remove cross-reactive carbohydrate moieties while retaining protein integrity and antigenicity. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,HOSP EVANDRO CHAGAS,MICROBIOL MED LAB,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,CTR CIENCIAS SAUDE BI,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941970 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Zancope-Oliveira, Rosely /I-1955-2013 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 1 IS 5 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT566 UT WOS:A1994PT56600013 PM 8556502 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JC PETERS, CJ AF BUTLER, JC PETERS, CJ TI HANTAVIRUSES AND HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; DISEASE; VIRUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BUTLER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PG431 UT WOS:A1994PG43100001 PM 7811854 ER PT J AU WEBER, R BRYAN, RT AF WEBER, R BRYAN, RT TI MICROSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT AND IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; N-SP; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; AIDS PATIENTS; NOSEMATOSIS; HIV; DISSEMINATION; PULMONARY; DIAGNOSIS AB Microsporidia are obligate, intracellular, spore-forming protozoal parasites. Their host range is extensive and includes most invertebrates and all classes of vertebrates. Five microsporidial genera (Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Septata, Pleistophora, and Nosema) and unclassified microsporidia have been associated with human disease, which appears to manifest primarily in immunocompromised persons. The clinical manifestations of microsporidiosis are diverse and include intestinal, pulmonary, ocular, muscular, and renal disease. The majority of microsporidial infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are attributed to Enterocytozoon bieneusi, an important cause of chronic diarrhea and wasting. Four cases of microsporidial infection among persons not infected with HIV who had documented or presumed cellular immunodeficiency and four cases of corneal stroma infection due to microsporidia in immunocompetent patients have been described. Furthermore, the first case of traveler's diarrhea due to E. bieneusi in an immunocompetent and otherwise healthy patient is reported in this issue. The sources of human microsporidial infections and modes of transmission are unknown. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP WEBER, R (reprint author), UNIV ZURICH HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011 NR 51 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PG431 UT WOS:A1994PG43100020 PM 7811872 ER PT J AU BLACK, CM FIELDS, PI MESSMER, TO BERDAL, BP AF BLACK, CM FIELDS, PI MESSMER, TO BERDAL, BP TI DETECTION OF CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION USING NESTED PRIMERS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID TRACHOMATIS; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; INFECTION; CULTURE AB A nested primers strategy was used to develop a two-step PCR test for the direct species-specific detection of the 16s rRNA gene of Chlamydia pneumoniae. This test was applied to 58 nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimens collected from patients in studies of community-acquired pneumonia and in a local outbreak of respiratory disease. Twelve patients (21 %) showed evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in serological tests (7/56; 13 %), culture (8/58; 14 %) or PCR (10/58; 17 %). Nested PCR but not single-step PCR was found to be as sensitive as culture or serology for detection of infection with this organism. In summary, nested PCR can be useful in direct testing of clinical specimens for Chlamydia pneumoniae, making additional DNA purification steps unnecessary. C1 NORWEGIAN DEF MICROBIOL LAB,OSLO,NORWAY. RP BLACK, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,BLDG 6-312,MS G39,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 13 IS 9 BP 752 EP 756 DI 10.1007/BF02276060 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PN093 UT WOS:A1994PN09300009 PM 7531141 ER PT J AU KOO, HP DUNTEMAN, GH GEORGE, C GREEN, Y VINCENT, M AF KOO, HP DUNTEMAN, GH GEORGE, C GREEN, Y VINCENT, M TI REDUCING ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY THROUGH A SCHOOL-BASED AND COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION - DENMARK, SOUTH-CAROLINA, REVISITED SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article AB The publication of a 1987 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association evaluating a pregnancy prevention program in Denmark, S.C., showed declines in estimated pregnancy rates among adolescents in the intervention area. A reanalysis of the data that selected better matched comparison areas and extended the time period covered confirms that the adolescent pregnancy rate in the intervention area significantly decreased from an annual average of 77 pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 14-17 during the preprogram period (1981-1982) to 37 per 1,000 following the intervention (1984-1986). However, the reanalysis also shows that the pregnancy rate returned to a higher level (66 per 1,000) in 1987-1988 after the discontinuation of important program components and related nonprogram services. These services included the efforts of a school nurse, who provided contraceptive services to students and whose intervention was not previously reported. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP KOO, HP (reprint author), RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 4 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 5 BP 206 EP & DI 10.2307/2135940 PG 0 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA QF714 UT WOS:A1994QF71400012 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS MOSHER, WD AF WILCOX, LS MOSHER, WD TI CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED FECUNDITY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INFERTILITY SERVICES; REPRODUCTIVE AGE; WOMEN; ENDOMETRIOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FERTILITY; SMOKING AB According to data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth, about 15% of nonsterilized, sexually experienced women aged 15-44 (or 8% of all women of reproductive age) report impaired fecundity because they have difficulty conveiving or carrying a pregnancy to term or their partners have problems fathering a child. Multivariate logistic regressions found that older women, childless women and married women are significantly more likely to report impaired fecundity, but differences by race or ethnicity are not statistically significant. Women with a history of treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease or a history of diabetes, hypertension or endometriosis are all significantly more likely than those without to report that they have impaired fecundity. Women who have never used a contraceptive method are more likely than users of the pill, condom or IUD to report impaired fecundity. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,FAMILY GROWTH SURVEY BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP WILCOX, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,PROGRAM SERV & DEV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 26 IS 5 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.2307/2135942 PG 4 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA QF714 UT WOS:A1994QF71400014 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ MAST, EE AF ALTER, MJ MAST, EE TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VIRAL-HEPATITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; C VIRUS-INFECTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; NON-A-HEPATITIS; SPORADIC NON-A; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; RISK-FACTORS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 106 TC 215 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8553 J9 GASTROENTEROL CLIN N JI Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 437 EP 455 PG 19 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PE592 UT WOS:A1994PE59200003 PM 7989088 ER PT J AU PURDY, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K AF PURDY, MA KRAWCZYNSKI, K TI HEPATITIS-E SO GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WATERBORNE NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; E VIRUS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; FUSION PROTEIN RP PURDY, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 60 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8553 J9 GASTROENTEROL CLIN N JI Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 537 EP 546 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA PE592 UT WOS:A1994PE59200009 PM 7989094 ER PT J AU TABLAN, OC ANDERSON, LJ ARDEN, NH BREIMAN, RF BUTLER, JC MCNEIL, MM AF TABLAN, OC ANDERSON, LJ ARDEN, NH BREIMAN, RF BUTLER, JC MCNEIL, MM TI GUIDELINE FOR PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RESPIRATORY-SYNCYTIAL-VIRUS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS; PROTECTED SPECIMEN BRUSH; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS RP TABLAN, OC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,HOSP INFECT PROG,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 732 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 15 IS 9 BP 588 EP 627 PG 40 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA PF615 UT WOS:A1994PF61500009 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T CHU, SY CONTI, L SORVILLO, F CHECKO, PJ HERMANN, P FANN, SA FREDERICK, M BOYD, D MOKOTOFF, E RIETMEIJER, CA HERR, M SAMUEL, MC AF DIAZ, T CHU, SY CONTI, L SORVILLO, F CHECKO, PJ HERMANN, P FANN, SA FREDERICK, M BOYD, D MOKOTOFF, E RIETMEIJER, CA HERR, M SAMUEL, MC TI RISK BEHAVIORS OF PERSONS WITH HETEROSEXUALLY ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES - RESULTS OF A MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HETEROSEXUALS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIORS; PREVENTION PROGRAMS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-MALE TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; AIDS; PREVENTION; COUPLES; PARTNER; CONDOM; STD AB To describe past risk behaviors among persons with heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we interviewed 497 persons greater than or equal to 18 years of age with heterosexually acquired HIV infection reported to 11 state and city health departments in the United States. Thirty-nine percent of persons reported using noninjection drugs in the past 5 years; noninjection drug use was highest among men whose sex partners injected drugs (53%). Sixteen percent of all persons used crack, and 17% were classified as potential alcoholics; among men, 29% were classified as potential alcoholics. Of the 49% of men who reported paying a woman for sex, 86% did so multiple times. Most persons had multiple sex partners in the past 5 years; however, 35% of the women had only one sex partner. Thirty-four percent of the women and 50% of the men had been treated for a sexually transmitted disease in the past 10 years. Seventy-four percent of the women and 68% of the men had never used condoms in the 5 years before they knew they were HIV positive. Among these people with heterosexually acquired HIV, noninjection drug use was common, many men have paid someone for sex, and many women have not had multiple sex partners. These findings have important implications for the types of prevention programs that can most successfully lessen the spread of HIV among heterosexuals. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH,PHOENIX,AZ. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. DELAWARE DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,WILMINGTON,DE. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 7 IS 9 BP 958 EP 963 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PC635 UT WOS:A1994PC63500010 PM 8051622 ER PT J AU LOHSOMBOON, P YOUNG, NL WENIGER, BG ATIKIJ, B LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K KHABBAZ, RMF KAPLAN, JE AF LOHSOMBOON, P YOUNG, NL WENIGER, BG ATIKIJ, B LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K KHABBAZ, RMF KAPLAN, JE TI NONDETECTION OF HTLV-I/II AND HIV-2 IN THAILAND, 1991-1992 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP LOHSOMBOON, P (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 7 IS 9 BP 992 EP 994 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA PC635 UT WOS:A1994PC63500018 PM 8051625 ER PT J AU ILEGBODU, AE FRANK, ML POINDEXTER, AN JOHNSON, D AF ILEGBODU, AE FRANK, ML POINDEXTER, AN JOHNSON, D TI CHARACTERISTICS OF TEENS TESTED FOR HIV IN A METROPOLITAN-AREA SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV INFECTION; HIV COUNSELING; HIV TESTING; ADOLESCENTS; RISK FACTORS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; AIDS; RISK AB Purpose: This article describes the status of HIV infection in an adolescent population attending publicly supported HIV testing clinics in Houston. Methods: Records were reviewed of 4017 teenagers receiving HIV counseling and testing services over a period of three years (january 1990 to December 1992). We analyzed demographic characteristics, risk exposure groups, results of HIV antibody testing, and post-test counseling return rates. Results: An overall seroprevalence rate of 10.2 per 1000 was observed, with the majority of cases seen among black females. Forty-nine percent of teens with the virus failed to acknowledge a risk factor, but of those who did, male-to-male sexual contact was the most frequently reported. None who tested positive reported injected drug use. The majority of teens tested never returned to obtain their test results and post-test counseling. Conclusions: In order to reinforce preventive behavior, institutional and other barriers should be examined and priority given to contacting both seropositive and high-risk clients who have sought testing. Interventions that encourage condom use or address sexual behavior may be more beneficial to teens than those that simply focus on drug use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ILEGBODU, AE (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. RI Frank, ML/A-8131-2015 OI Frank, ML/0000-0001-9630-0304 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 1994 VL 15 IS 6 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(94)90495-O PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA PK157 UT WOS:A1994PK15700006 PM 7811680 ER PT J AU ERDMAN, DD DURIGON, EL HOLLOWAY, BP AF ERDMAN, DD DURIGON, EL HOLLOWAY, BP TI DETECTION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 DNA PCR PRODUCTS BY RNA PROBE HYBRIDIZATION ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REACTION ASSAY; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; ANTIBODIES; AMPLIFICATION; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; PRIMERS; SERUM AB We have developed an RNA probe hybridization enzyme immunoassay for detection of human parvovirus B19 PCR-amplified DNA. The assay is easy to perform and increases assay sensitivity without the added inconvenience and risk of false-positive results associated with nested PCR. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,VIROL LAB,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP ERDMAN, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2295 EP 2298 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PB541 UT WOS:A1994PB54100050 PM 7814562 ER PT J AU UHAA, IJ FISHBEIN, DB OLSON, JG RIVES, CC WAAG, DM WILLIAMS, JC AF UHAA, IJ FISHBEIN, DB OLSON, JG RIVES, CC WAAG, DM WILLIAMS, JC TI EVALUATION OF SPECIFICITY OF INDIRECT ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN Q-FEVER (VOL 32, PG 1560, 1994) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL,PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNOL BRANCH,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,OFF VACCINE RES & REVIEW,DIV VACCINE & RELATED PROD APPLICAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP UHAA, IJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2343 EP 2343 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PB541 UT WOS:A1994PB54100072 ER PT J AU ARROWOOD, MJ XIE, LT HURD, MR AF ARROWOOD, MJ XIE, LT HURD, MR TI IN-VITRO ASSAYS OF MADURAMICIN ACTIVITY AGAINST CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID SPOROZOITES; CELLS RP ARROWOOD, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300028 PM 7804225 ER PT J AU CROPPO, GP LEITCH, GJ WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS AF CROPPO, GP LEITCH, GJ WALLACE, S VISVESVARA, GS TI IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND WESTERN-BLOT-ANALYSIS OF MICROSPORIDIA USING ANTI-ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID CUNICULI C1 MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. RP CROPPO, GP (reprint author), CDC,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S31 EP S31 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300035 PM 7804232 ER PT J AU EDLIND, T VISVESVARA, G LI, J KATIYAR, S AF EDLIND, T VISVESVARA, G LI, J KATIYAR, S TI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND MICROSPORIDIAL BETA-TUBULIN SEQUENCES - PREDICTIONS OF BENZIMIDAZOLE SENSITIVITY AND PHYLOGENY SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID AIDS C1 CDC,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EDLIND, T (reprint author), MED COLL PENN,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,3300 HENRY AVE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19129, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI32433] NR 7 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300041 PM 7804238 ER PT J AU MEAD, JR LLOYD, RM YOU, XD TUCKERBURDEN, C ARROWOOD, MJ SCHINAZI, RF AF MEAD, JR LLOYD, RM YOU, XD TUCKERBURDEN, C ARROWOOD, MJ SCHINAZI, RF TI ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPOROZOITE AND OOCYST WALL RECOMBINANT PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID PARVUM C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DECATUR,GA 30033. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MEAD, JR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA, USA. RI Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300051 PM 7804255 ER PT J AU MOSS, DM BENNETT, SN ARROWOOD, MJ HURD, MR LAMMIE, PJ WAHLQUIST, SP ADDISS, DG AF MOSS, DM BENNETT, SN ARROWOOD, MJ HURD, MR LAMMIE, PJ WAHLQUIST, SP ADDISS, DG TI KINETIC AND ISOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS FROM CREW MEMBERS WITH CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS ON A US-COAST-GUARD CUTTER SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; ANTIGENS; PARVUM; OOCYSTS; SERUM C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOSS, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S52 EP S55 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300052 PM 7804256 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA BRYAN, RT VISVESVARA, GS AF SCHWARTZ, DA BRYAN, RT VISVESVARA, GS TI DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES FOR ENCEPHALITOZOON INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; DISSEMINATED MICROSPORIDIOSIS; HELLEM; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; CUNICULI; CULTURE; SPORES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHWARTZ, DA (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S59 EP S60 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300055 PM 7804259 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA VISVESVARA, G WEBER, R BRYAN, RT AF SCHWARTZ, DA VISVESVARA, G WEBER, R BRYAN, RT TI MALE GENITAL-TRACT MICROSPORIDIOSIS AND AIDS - PROSTATIC ABSCESS DUE TO ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 24-29, 1994 CL CLEVELAND STATE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP SOC OF PROTOZOOLOGIST HO CLEVELAND STATE UNIV ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ZURICH,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP SCHWARTZ, DA (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 41 IS 5 BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA PP283 UT WOS:A1994PP28300056 PM 7804260 ER PT J AU RUO, SL LI, YL TONG, Z MA, QR LIU, ZL TANG, YW YE, KL XU, ZY MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP AF RUO, SL LI, YL TONG, Z MA, QR LIU, ZL TANG, YW YE, KL XU, ZY MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP TI RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES OF HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN RURAL CHINA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HANTAAN VIRUS; YUGOSLAVIA; HANTAVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; AGENT AB Residents of two villages in Zhejiang Province, China, were interviewed and serum samples were collected to assess prevalence of hantavirus infection. Antibody prevalence was 12% (219/1811), with a ratio of illness to infection of 1.0:5.4. Seroprevalence increased with age, but no association was found with sex. There was also no evidence of vertical transmission. One year later, 2.3% (30/1325) of seronegative subjects had seroconverted including 2 who had hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Peak incidence of infection occurred in those 15-39 years old. Hantaan was the dominant serotype; Seoul serotype was less common (5:1). Host reservoirs were Apodemus agrarius in agricultural fields and Rattus norvegicus in houses. Risk factors for infection were traces of rat-contaminated food, travel to other areas for farm work, direct rodent contact, camping in grain fields, living in a house on the periphery of a village, stacking straw stacks outside houses, and keeping cats. All may provide exposure to infectious rodent reservoirs. C1 JIANDE CTY HLTH & ANTIEPIDEM STN,ZHEJIANG,PEOPLES R CHINA. SHANGHAI MED UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SHANGHAI 200032,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP RUO, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-14,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PE265 UT WOS:A1994PE26500005 PM 7915747 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR METCHOCK, B GORDON, SM HAVLIK, JA MCGOWAN, JE THOMPSON, SE AF HORSBURGH, CR METCHOCK, B GORDON, SM HAVLIK, JA MCGOWAN, JE THOMPSON, SE TI PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS AND DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTRACELLULARE BACTEREMIA; INFECTION; CIPROFLOXACIN; ETHAMBUTOL; RIFAMPIN; THERAPY; CLARITHROMYCIN; AMIKACIN AB Patients with AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease (DMAC), as defined by the presence of a positive blood culture for MAC, were studied retrospectively to define the natural history of DMAC. All patients had fevers, severe anemia (hematocrit <26%), or both. Eighty-seven (76%) had signs, symptoms, or laboratory findings related to the gastrointestinal tract, but no distinct syndrome was identified. Sixty-nine patients received antimycobacterial therapy; assignment to therapy was not randomized. In a proportional hazards analysis, shorter survival was associated with higher initial level of mycobacteremia (relative risk [RR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.31; P < .001), while administration of antimycobacterial chemotherapy (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.70; P < .001) and antiretroviral therapy (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.73; P < .01) had protective effects. Thus, the initial level of mycobacteremia of patients with DMAC may have prognostic value, and administration of antimycobacterial and antiretroviral agents may be associated with prolonged survival. C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 25 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PE265 UT WOS:A1994PE26500011 PM 8077714 ER PT J AU CHIN, DP REINGOLD, AL STONE, EN VITTINGHOFF, E HORSBURGH, CR SIMON, EM YAJKO, DM HADLEY, WK OSTROFF, SM HOPEWELL, PC AF CHIN, DP REINGOLD, AL STONE, EN VITTINGHOFF, E HORSBURGH, CR SIMON, EM YAJKO, DM HADLEY, WK OSTROFF, SM HOPEWELL, PC TI THE IMPACT OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX BACTEREMIA AND ITS TREATMENT ON SURVIVAL OF AIDS PATIENTS - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; NATURAL-HISTORY; INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE; VIRUS; INTRACELLULARE; PROPHYLAXIS; DISEASE; THERAPY AB It is currently recommended that patients with AIDS and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteremia receive antimycobacterial treatment. However, no study has prospectively evaluated the impact of this infection and its treatment on survival. This study prospectively followed a cohort of 367 AIDS patients with less than or equal to 50 CD4(+) cells/mu L and found that MAC bacteremia was independently associated with an increased risk of death (relative hazard [RH] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-2.4, P < .001). Patients with MAC bacteremia who were treated had a longer median survival than those who were not (263 vs. 139 days, P < .001); treatment was independently associated with a lower risk of death (RH = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23-0.89, P < .001). However, 23% of patients with bacteremia died within 28 days of that diagnosis; few were treated. MAC bacteremia contributes to the death of patients with AIDS, and treatment increases survival. However, many patients will not survive long enough to receive treatment. These results underscore the importance of early diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis for MAC bacteremia. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CHIN, DP (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,MED CTR,MED SERV,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,ROOM 5K1,1001 POTRERO AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110, USA. NR 20 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 578 EP 584 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PE265 UT WOS:A1994PE26500012 PM 7915749 ER PT J AU MAUPIN, GO GAGE, KL PIESMAN, J MONTENIERI, J SVIAT, SL VANDERZANDEN, L HAPP, CM DOLAN, M JOHNSON, BJB AF MAUPIN, GO GAGE, KL PIESMAN, J MONTENIERI, J SVIAT, SL VANDERZANDEN, L HAPP, CM DOLAN, M JOHNSON, BJB TI DISCOVERY OF AN ENZOOTIC CYCLE OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI IN NEOTOMA-MEXICANA AND IXODES-SPINIPALPIS FROM NORTHERN COLORADO, AN AREA WHERE LYME-DISEASE IS NONENDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; UNITED-STATES; DAMMINI ACARI; ANTIGEN P39; SP-NOV; SPIROCHETE; TRANSMISSION; IXODIDAE; COMPETENCE; CALIFORNIA AB An intensive enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi was seen in populations of the Mexican wood rat, Neotoma mexicana, and Ixodes spinipalpis ticks in northern Colorado, Cultures of rodent ear tissue and ticks yielded 63 spirochetal isolates: 38 N. mexicana, 2 Peromyscus difficilis, and 23 I. spinipalpis. All 63 isolates were identified as B. burgdorferi sensu late by polymerase chain reaction; a representative subset was characterized as B. burgdorferi by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A tick-derived spirochete isolate was infectious to laboratory mice and I. scapularis, the principal vector of Lyme disease in endemic areas of the United States. The risk of human contact with infected I. spinipalpis appears to be minimal from this epidemiologically silent focus in northern Colorado, since this tick is restricted to wood rat nests in this semiarid environment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 50 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 636 EP 643 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PE265 UT WOS:A1994PE26500020 PM 8077722 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA ZAIDI, AA LIEB, S WROTEN, JE AF PETERMAN, TA ZAIDI, AA LIEB, S WROTEN, JE TI INCUBATING SYPHILIS IN PATIENTS TREATED FOR GONORRHEA - A COMPARISON OF TREATMENT REGIMENS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CEFTRIAXONE; THERAPY AB Dade County sexually transmitted disease clinic records were reviewed to estimate the relative effectiveness of gonorrhea treatment regimens for eradicating incubating syphilis. Records were searched to see if persons treated for gonorrhea returned with primary syphilis 3-45 days after treatment or secondary syphilis 15-90 days after treatment. The number of persons treated was adjusted for the prevalence of syphilis in the year of treatment. Between 1985 and 1992, 98,441 persons were treated for gonorrhea. Syphilis was diagnosed in an interval that suggested it was incubating at the time of the treatment for 5.6/10(4) (adjusted number) persons treated with spec tinomycin alone (a regimen not expected to eradicate syphilis); 2.9/10(4) persons treated with spectinomycin plus tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin; and 2.1/10(4) persons treated with ceftriaxone plus tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin (P > .1). Incubating syphilis was rare despite a syphilis epidemic. The effectiveness of a regimen for eradicating incubating syphilis should not be a major consideration when choosing gonorrhea therapy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FLORIDA STATE DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 689 EP 692 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PE265 UT WOS:A1994PE26500030 PM 8077730 ER PT J AU RIEDO, FX PINNER, RW TOSCA, MD CARTTER, ML GRAVES, LM REEVES, MW WEAVER, RE PLIKAYTIS, BD BROOME, CV AF RIEDO, FX PINNER, RW TOSCA, MD CARTTER, ML GRAVES, LM REEVES, MW WEAVER, RE PLIKAYTIS, BD BROOME, CV TI A POINT-SOURCE FOODBORNE LISTERIOSIS OUTBREAK - DOCUMENTED INCUBATION PERIOD AND POSSIBLE MILD ILLNESS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; MONOCYTOGENES; CHEESE; FOODS AB Listeria bacteremia occurred in 2 pregnant women whose only common exposure was attendance at a party. The incubation period, the possibility of mild disease due to Listeria infection, and foods associated with risk of disease were evaluated. Ten (28%) of 36 party attenders met a case definition, which included isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from blood or stool or two of the following: fever, musculoskeletal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. One of 25 stool cultures was positive. The 2 blood isolates and 1 stool isolate were serotype 4b and identical by enzyme typing. The incubation periods for illness in the 2 pregnant women were 19 and 23 days. Consumption of large amounts of shrimp, nonalcoholic beverages, Camembert cheese, and cauliflower was significantly associated with illness. Eating shrimp remained a significant risk factor for illness after controlling for consumption of other foods. This study suggests a milder illness may exist in healthy persons who consume foods contaminated with L. monocytogenes and demonstrates a prolonged incubation period for disease. C1 CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 98 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 693 EP 696 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PE265 UT WOS:A1994PE26500031 PM 8077731 ER PT J AU BROGDON, WG AF BROGDON, WG TI MEASUREMENT OF FLIGHT TONE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FEMALE AEDES-AEGYPTI AND A-ALBOPICTUS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEDES; FLIGHT TONE; BEHAVIOR AB Mosquito flight tone was amplified and digitally sampled at 20,000 samples per second (Hz). Resampling of the resulting sound files at 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 Hz allowed comparison of flight tone frequency distributions for males and females of Aedes aegypti (L.) and A. albopictus (Skuse). Frequency distributions for females of the two species did not overlap at sampling rates of 5,000 Hz or higher, whereas considerable overlap was observed at the 1,000 Hz sampling rate. Males of the two species produced flight tones higher in frequency than those of females, but similar to each other. At the highest sampling rate, seven flight tone harmonics were measured for each species. Close correspondence of the means of the flight tone harmonics (corrected for harmonic number) demonstrated that any of the harmonics may be used accurately and precisely to calculate flight tone frequency. These data indicate that flight tone differences have been selected in these species and could act as an isolating mechanism for mating. RP BROGDON, WG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 31 IS 5 BP 700 EP 703 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA PF625 UT WOS:A1994PF62500010 PM 7966173 ER PT J AU OBRIEN MULLIS, R POPKIN, B PARKER, L AF OBRIEN MULLIS, R POPKIN, B PARKER, L TI PANEL DISCUSSION - POSSIBLE OPTIONS FOR MEETING THESE NEEDS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Discussion C1 CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 124 IS 9 SU S BP S1860 EP S1866 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PH406 UT WOS:A1994PH40600029 ER PT J AU KPOSOWA, AJ SINGH, GK BREAULT, KD AF KPOSOWA, AJ SINGH, GK BREAULT, KD TI THE EFFECTS OF MARITAL-STATUS AND SOCIAL-ISOLATION ON ADULT MALE HOMICIDES IN THE UNITED-STATES - EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL LONGITUDINAL MORTALITY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE CRIMINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOMICIDE; SOCIAL INTEGRATION; MARTIAL STATUS; LIVING ALONE ID CRIMINAL HOMICIDE; INEQUALITY; SUICIDE; CRIME; RATES AB With data from the 1979-1985 Longitudinal Mortality Study, we examine the effects of marital status and social isolation on adult male homicide (ICD-9 Codes E960-E978). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to a 1979-1981 population cohort of approximately 200,000 adult men and their mortality experiences were followed until 1984-1985. Multivariate hazards regression analysis showed that marital status and social isolation are associated with significantly higher risks of homicide victimization. Controlling for age and other socioeconomic covariates, single persons were 1.9 times, and divorced, separated or widowed persons were 1.7 times, more likely to die from homicide than married persons. Socially isolated persons were 1.6 times more likely to become homicide victims. Other adult males with increased risk of homicide victimization were African Americans and those who lived in the inner city. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. AUSTIN PEAY STATE UNIV,DEPT POLIT SCI & SOCIOL,CLARKSVILLE,TN 37044. RP KPOSOWA, AJ (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,2228 FAC & ADM BLDG,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0748-4518 J9 J QUANT CRIMINOL JI J. Quant. Criminol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1007/BF02221213 PG 13 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA PK745 UT WOS:A1994PK74500004 ER PT J AU SUMMERS, CJ GOOCH, BF MARIANOS, DW MALVITZ, DM BOND, WW AF SUMMERS, CJ GOOCH, BF MARIANOS, DW MALVITZ, DM BOND, WW TI PRACTICAL INFECTION-CONTROL IN ORAL HEALTH SURVEYS AND SCREENINGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Examinations for oral health surveys and screenings are performed by dentists or dental hygienists in a variety of settings. To date, CDC has made no recommendations for infection control specifically for these brief examinations. General principles for infection control can be applied during oral health surveys and screenings. C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP SUMMERS, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,SURVEILLANCE INVEST & RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 125 IS 9 BP 1213 EP 1217 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA PF631 UT WOS:A1994PF63100016 PM 7930183 ER PT J AU PETERS, JR QUITER, ES BREKKE, ML ADMIRE, J BREKKE, MJ MULLIS, RM HUNNINGHAKE, DB AF PETERS, JR QUITER, ES BREKKE, ML ADMIRE, J BREKKE, MJ MULLIS, RM HUNNINGHAKE, DB TI THE EATING PATTERN ASSESSMENT-TOOL - A SIMPLE INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING DIETARY-FAT AND CHOLESTEROL INTAKE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NHANES-II; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Objective This study describes the development of the self-administered Eating Pattern Assessment Tool (EPAT), which is designed to assess dietary fat and cholesterol intake and aid patients and health professionals in achieving control of blood cholesterol levels. Design Test-retest reliability of the instrument over five visits and concurrent validity testing compared with 4-day food records. Setting and sample The instrument was tested at multiple sites of a large manufacturing corporation using 436 adult volunteers with approximately equal proportions of men and women from three socioeconomic levels. Main outcome measure Development of the EPAT centered on creating an instrument that was simple and easy to use in a primary-care setting, that would provide a reliable assessment of intake of dietary fat and cholesterol among adults, and that would measure frequency of consumption of foods from high-fat and low-fat categories. Analyses Test-retest reliability for repeated use was estimated by between-visit Pearson product-moment correlations of EPAT section scores. Concurrent validity was assessed by using product-moment correlation between EPAT section scores and mean daily B-scores obtained from 4-day food records. Results Test-retest reliability estimates were 0.91 between all adjacent pairs of visits and 0.83 between visits 1 and 5 (4 months). Validity was 0.56. Applications/conclusions The EPAT is a simple, quick, self-administered tool using an easy scoring method for accurately assessing fat and cholesterol intake. It is a reliable and valid substitute for more time-consuming food records. EPAT also provides an efficient way to monitor eating patterns of patients over time and is arranged to provide an educational message that reinforces the consumption of recommended types and numbers of servings of low-fat foods. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,HOSP QUAL SUPPORT SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. BREKKE ASSOCIATES,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS,KANSAS CITY,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PETERS, JR (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,HEART DIS PREVENT CLIN,BOX 192 UMHC,401 E RIVER PKWY,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5RO1-HL36889] NR 22 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 94 IS 9 BP 1008 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92194-6 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PF940 UT WOS:A1994PF94000010 PM 8071482 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC AF SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC TI IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGED ADULT FEMALE SPECIMENS OF AEDES-ALBOPICTUS AND AEDES-AEGYPTI IN THE NEW-WORLD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALITIS AB Two introduced species of Aedes (Stegomyia), Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, occur in the New World. Three characters, easily and simultaneously observed from an anteroventral view, allow for rapid and reliable specific identification of most specimens that lack the characteristic scutal scale patterns. These 3 characters are the presence or absence of pale scales on the clypeus; the presence or absence of a narrow, median line of pale scales on the anterior face of the midfemora; and the pattern of pale and dark scales on abdominal sterna III-V. RP SAVAGE, HM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 440 EP 442 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PH960 UT WOS:A1994PH96000020 PM 7528784 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, HM NIELSEN, LT MILLER, BR AF SAVAGE, HM NIELSEN, LT MILLER, BR TI 1ST RECORD OF CULISETA-MORSITANS FROM WYOMING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB Culiseta (Culicella) morsitans is reported for the first time from Wyoming, based on individually reared specimens collected in Yellowstone National Park. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT BIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP SAVAGE, HM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 462 EP 462 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA PH960 UT WOS:A1994PH96000026 PM 7807098 ER PT J AU BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK AF BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK TI STUDY OF TNF-ALPHA RESPONSE DURING SIMULATED DIALYSIS USING REGENERATED CELLULOSE OR POLYSULFONE DIALYZERS AND ENDOTOXIN CONTAMINATED DIALYSATE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 5 IS 3 BP 434 EP 434 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA PG771 UT WOS:A1994PG77100752 ER PT J AU FRIDKIN, S ARNOW, P BLAND, L GARCIAHOUCHINS, S FELLNER, S AF FRIDKIN, S ARNOW, P BLAND, L GARCIAHOUCHINS, S FELLNER, S TI ADVERSE REACTIONS (AR) AND DEATH ASSOCIATED WITH FLUORIDE EXPOSURE DURING HEMODIALYSIS (HD) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 5 IS 3 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA PG771 UT WOS:A1994PG77100802 ER PT J AU FRIDKIN, S VELANDIA, M CARDENAS, V BLAND, L IGLESIAS, A BOSHELL, J JARVIS, W AF FRIDKIN, S VELANDIA, M CARDENAS, V BLAND, L IGLESIAS, A BOSHELL, J JARVIS, W TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) TRANSMISSION IN A DEVELOPING-COUNTRY DIALYSIS CENTER (DC) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 5 IS 3 BP 447 EP 447 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA PG771 UT WOS:A1994PG77100803 ER PT J AU GUGNANI, HC MUOTOEOKAFOR, FA KAUFMAN, L DUPONT, B AF GUGNANI, HC MUOTOEOKAFOR, FA KAUFMAN, L DUPONT, B TI A NATURAL FOCUS OF HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM VAR DUBOISII IS A BAT CAVE SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BAT CAVE; HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM VAR DUBOISII; NATURAL FOCUS AB The natural reservoir of Histoplasma c apsulatum var. duboisii, the etiological agent of histoplasmosis duboisii (African histoplasmosis) is not yet known. We report the isolation of H. capsulatum var. duboisii from soil admired with bat guano and from the intestinal contents of a bat in a sandstone cave in a rural area, Ogbunike in Anambra State of Nigeria. Eight of 45 samples of soil admired with bat guano yielded H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Of the 35 bats belonging to the species Nycteris hispida and Tadiridn pumila examined, only one (N. hispida) yielded this fungus from its intestinal contents. Identification of the isolates as Histoplasma was confirmed by exoantigen tests and by mating with tester strains of H. capsulatum. In vitro conversion to large yeast from suggestive of H. capsulatum var. duboisii was obtained on brain heart infusion agar supplemented with sheep blood and glutamine or cysteine. Pathogenicity tests with mice for all the isolates confirmed their identity by the demonstration of large yeast forms (8-15 mu m in diameter) within giant cells in the infected tissues. Investigations on the possible occurrence of human infections in the area are in progress. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST PASTEUR,UNITE MYCOL,PARIS,FRANCE. RP GUGNANI, HC (reprint author), UNIV NIGERIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,NSUKKA,NIGERIA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD SEP PY 1994 VL 127 IS 3 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1007/BF01102915 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA PU495 UT WOS:A1994PU49500005 PM 7808510 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS KAUFMAN, L KOBAYASHI, GS MOLEDINA, N JALBERT, M NOTENBOOM, RH AF SEKHON, AS KAUFMAN, L KOBAYASHI, GS MOLEDINA, N JALBERT, M NOTENBOOM, RH TI COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF THE PREMIER(TM) ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY, MICRO-IMMUNODIFFUSION AND COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TESTS FOR THE DETECTION OF HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM VAR CAPSULATUM ANTIBODIES SO MYCOSES LA English DT Article DE HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM VAR CAPSULATUM; HISTOPLASMOSIS; ANTIBODY DETECTION; IGG ANTIBODY; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; PREMIER(TM) EIA; MICROIMMUNODIFFUSION; COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST; LABORATORY BRANCH CF AB A total of 178 sera, including 68 from proven cases of histoplasmosis (65 positive for the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antibodies and three positive for antigen), 93 from patients with suspected histoplasmosis but with no laboratory evidence of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum infection, 14 from humans with heterologous fungal and non-fungal infections and three from normal individuals, were tested for IgG H. capsulatum antibodies and M. or M and H precipitins by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, OH, USA) and microimmunodiffusion (MID) respectively. Sixty-three of the 68 histoplasmosis case sera demonstrated IgG antibody, and 65 of 68 demonstrated the presence of specific precipitins in the MID test. Nine positive case sera, when tested with the Laboratory Branch complement fixation (LBCF) test, reacted positively to whole yeast and histoplasmin antigens (titres 1:8 to 1:512). Three histoplasmosis case sera repeatedly tested negative for IgG, specific precipitins and complement-fixing antibodies, whereas they were positive for Histoplasma antigen. Eighteen of 95 sera from patients without evidence of histoplasmosis demonstrated IgG antibody in the EIA. only. Among these positive sera, three out of three cases of aspergillosis and three out of five cases of blastomycosis were confirmed. Sera from HIV-infected and healthy individuals did not show IgG or M and/or H antibodies to H. capsulatum. Ninety-three sera were negative by both EIA and MID. The EIA for IgG was less sensitive (97%) than MID (100%). The specificity of EIA and MID was 84% and 100% respectively. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO. ONTARIO MINIST HLTH,TORONTO,ON M5W 1R5,CANADA. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA HOSP,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2J2,CANADA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-7407 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA QN784 UT WOS:A1994QN78400002 PM 7746288 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL GRANDJEAN, P AMLER, RW AF JOHNSON, BL GRANDJEAN, P AMLER, RW TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL TESTING AND HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SITES SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATSDR; AENTB; NEUROBEHAVIORAL; NPL SITES ID TEST BATTERY; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has focused its health assessment efforts on seven priority health conditions, including neurotoxic disorders, and has begun to select tests and associated measurement tools that can detect those health effects. The evaluation of community-level exposures has introduced new challenges beyond the earlier testing models based on occupational exposures. Community populations are far more diverse than those found in workplace settings, including children, elderly persons, and the infirm, and the neurotoxic agents present at most hazardous waste sites usually are incompletely characterized and commonly are found in complex mixtures. This article describes the background to the four following articles reporting on a 3-day national workshop convened to assist ATSDR in developing standardized neurobehavioral test batteries for studies of adverse health outcomes in communities. C1 ODENSE UNIV,ODENSE,DENMARK. RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1160 CLIFTON RD NE E-28,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 5 BP 485 EP 487 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90127-9 PG 3 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA PG379 UT WOS:A1994PG37900006 PM 7845331 ER PT J AU ANGER, WK LETZ, R CHRISLIP, DW FRUMKIN, H HUDNELL, K RUSSO, JM CHAPPELL, W HUTCHINSON, L AF ANGER, WK LETZ, R CHRISLIP, DW FRUMKIN, H HUDNELL, K RUSSO, JM CHAPPELL, W HUTCHINSON, L TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL TEST METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH STUDIES OF ADULTS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROTOXIC DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TESTS; ATSDR ID TEST BATTERIES; SENSITIVITY; EXPOSURE; VISION; PERFORMANCE; THRESHOLDS; MONKEYS AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry convened a workshop in Atlanta, GA, that evaluated approaches and methods to ascertain whether there are neurobehavioral sequelae to children and adults exposed to hazardous substances in the environment. This article, developed from that Workshop, recommends testing methods [to identify neurotoxic insult] for immediate use in environmental health field studies of adults. A list of broad functional domains or modalities affected by chemicals was identified from the occupational and related literature (learning and memory, coding, sustained attention, higher intellectual function, strength, coordination, speed, vision, somatosensory, and affect). A core set of tests was selected that should assess those functions with the greatest demonstrated sensitivity to established neurotoxic chemicals, and a secondary set was selected to assess a broader group of functions. The core tests should be used in all investigations where neurotoxic effects would be targeted for identification; secondary tests would be used where suggested by questionnaire or symptom data or by knowledge of the effects of chemicals at the hazardous waste site. C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30329. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80217. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANGER, WK (reprint author), OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,CROET L606,3181 SW SAN JACKSON PK RD,PORTLAND,OR 97201, USA. OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 5 BP 489 EP 497 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90128-7 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA PG379 UT WOS:A1994PG37900007 PM 7845332 ER PT J AU KRASNEGOR, NA OTTO, DA BERNSTEIN, JH BURKE, R CHAPPELL, W ECKERMAN, DA NEEDLEMAN, HL OAKLEY, G ROGAN, W TERRACCIANO, G HUTCHINSON, L AF KRASNEGOR, NA OTTO, DA BERNSTEIN, JH BURKE, R CHAPPELL, W ECKERMAN, DA NEEDLEMAN, HL OAKLEY, G ROGAN, W TERRACCIANO, G HUTCHINSON, L TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL TEST STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES IN PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PEDIATRIC RESEARCH; BEHAVIORAL TESTING; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; NEUROTERATOLOGY; ATSDR ID LEAD-EXPOSURE; PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; SYSTEM AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry convened a workshop in Atlanta, GA, that evaluated approaches and methods to ascertain whether there are neurobehavioral sequelae to children and adults exposed to hazardous substances in the environment. This article, developed from that workshop, addresses the feasibility of employing extant neurobehavioral tests to screen pediatric populations. A matrix lists basic functions to be assessed during eight developmental periods ranging from birth to high school. The best of these neurobehavioral tests for pediatric populations and the types of assessment tools that are still needed are discussed. We make 10 specific recommendations to establish a hazardous substances neurobehavioral screen for pediatric populations, including appointing a review panel, developing a structured questionnaire, convening a conference on design and analysis, addressing minority and socially disadvantaged populations, coordinating adult and child assessment methods, information sharing among Federal agencies, baseline data, methodology research, research associated with hazardous worksites, and establishment of a pediatric databank. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27599. CHILDRENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. US COAST GUARD ACAD,NEW LONDON,CT 06320. UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80217. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KRASNEGOR, NA (reprint author), NICHHD,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012 OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 5 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90129-5 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA PG379 UT WOS:A1994PG37900008 PM 7845333 ER PT J AU WHITE, RF GERR, F COHEN, RF GREEN, R LEZAK, MD LYBARGER, J MACK, J SILBERGELD, E VALCIUKAS, J CHAPPELL, W HUTCHINSON, L AF WHITE, RF GERR, F COHEN, RF GREEN, R LEZAK, MD LYBARGER, J MACK, J SILBERGELD, E VALCIUKAS, J CHAPPELL, W HUTCHINSON, L TI CRITERIA FOR PROGRESSIVE MODIFICATION OF NEUROBEHAVIORAL BATTERIES SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROBEHAVIORAL TESTS; NEUROTOXICOLOGY ID OCCUPATIONAL LEAD NEUROTOXICITY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; VIBRATION SENSITIVITY; THERMAL SENSITIVITY; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; UREMIC NEUROPATHY; CARBON-DISULFIDE; NERVE-CONDUCTION; TOLUENE ABUSE AB Six specific issues affecting the progressive modification of neurobehavioral test batteries used in field studies of populations exposed to neurotoxicants are discussed and test review recommendations are provided addressing each issue. The issues include: (a) general test review standards, (b) comprehensive assessment, (c) tailored batteries, (d) incorporation of new tests and techniques, (e) personnel and mechanisms for review, and (f) development of a battery assessing peripheral nervous system function. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02118. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02118. MENTOR CLIN CARE,BROOKLINE,MA 02780. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ATLANTA,GA 30329. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. AGCY TOX SUBS & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT NEUROL & PSYCHIAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. FORENS PSYCHIAT CLIN,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 5 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90130-9 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA PG379 UT WOS:A1994PG37900009 PM 7845334 ER PT J AU AMLER, RW LYBARGER, JA ANGER, WK PHIFER, BL CHAPPELL, W HUTCHINSON, L AF AMLER, RW LYBARGER, JA ANGER, WK PHIFER, BL CHAPPELL, W HUTCHINSON, L TI ADOPTION OF AN ADULT ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROBEHAVIORAL TEST BATTERY SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROTOXIC DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TESTS; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH STUDY; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; POLLUTION; SUPERFUND; ATSDR ID HEALTH AB Nationally recognized experts participated in a 3-day workshop to discuss the complex issues associated with neurobehavioral testing in environmental health settings, and to propose basic and focused test batteries for use in evaluating populations living near hazardous chemical sites. The Adult Environmental Neurobehavioral Test Battery (AENTB), which evaluates major neurobehavioral domains and functions, was adopted by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for use as a basic screening panel in field studies. Pilot testing of the AENTB demonstrated an examiner training requirement of 3-6 practice sessions, a mean total testing time of 58.0 min (SD = 9.6), and, for 9 of the component tests, a sample size requirement of fewer than 140 (alpha = 0.05, 95% power) to detect a 20% difference between study groups. ATSDR administered the AENTB to 467 persons, selected randomly from 1,382 participants in field study sites in three states. Total testing time varied noticeably by participant age and study site, suggesting an ongoing need for site-specific controls in each field study using the AENTB. Also planned is adoption of a pediatric test battery to evaluate the domains and functions most relevant at major stages of child development. C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. UNIV COLORADO,DENVER,CO 80217. HUTCHINSON CONSULTANTS PC,ATLANTA,GA 30211. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 16 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90131-7 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA PG379 UT WOS:A1994PG37900010 PM 7845335 ER PT J AU KEENE, WE MCANULTY, JM HOESLY, FC WILLIAMS, LP HEDBERG, K OXMAN, GL BARRETT, TJ PFALLER, MA FLEMING, DW AF KEENE, WE MCANULTY, JM HOESLY, FC WILLIAMS, LP HEDBERG, K OXMAN, GL BARRETT, TJ PFALLER, MA FLEMING, DW TI A SWIMMING-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAK OF HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS CAUSED BY ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 AND SHIGELLA-SONNEI SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NURSING-HOME; TOXIN-II; O157-H7; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; TRANSMISSION; CONSUMPTION AB Background. In the summer of 1991, simultaneous outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of bloody diarrhea caused by Shigella sonnei were traced to a lakeside park near Portland, Oregon. Methods. We identified cases primarily from routine surveillance reports. In case-control studies, the activities of persons with park-associated E. coli O157:H7 or S. sonnei infections were compared independently with those of three sets of controls. We also evaluated environmental conditions at the park and subtyped the bacterial isolates. Results. We identified 21 persons with park-associated E. coli O157:H7 infections (all of them children; median age, six years) and 38 persons with S. sonnei infections (most of them children). These 59 people had visited the park over a 24-day period. Their illnesses were not associated with food or beverage consumption. All the case patients reported swimming, however, and in case-control studies swimming was strongly associated with both types of infection (P = 0.015 or less). The case patients were more likely than the controls to report having swallowed lake water, and they had spent more time in the lake. Numbers of enterococci indicative of substantial fecal contamination (geometric mean, > 50 per deciliter) were detected in the swimming area during some but not all of the outbreak period. Park-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolates were identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were distinguishable from other isolates in the Portland area. Conclusions. Lake water that was fecally contaminated by bathers was the most likely vehicle for the transmission of both the E. coli O157:H7 and the S. sonnei infections. The unusually prolonged outbreak suggests both the survival of these enteric organisms in lake water and a low infectious dose. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ENTER DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. MULTNOMAH CTY HLTH DEPT, PORTLAND, OR USA. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV, DEPT PATHOL, PORTLAND, OR 97201 USA. RP KEENE, WE (reprint author), OREGON HLTH DIV, CTR DIS PREVENT & EPIDEMIOL, 800 NE OREGON ST, SUITE 772, PORTLAND, OR 97232 USA. NR 43 TC 218 Z9 220 U1 2 U2 14 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 9 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1056/NEJM199409013310904 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PD699 UT WOS:A1994PD69900004 PM 8047082 ER PT J AU IRWIN, KL RICE, RJ SPERLING, RS OSULLIVAN, MJ BRODMAN, M AF IRWIN, KL RICE, RJ SPERLING, RS OSULLIVAN, MJ BRODMAN, M TI POTENTIAL FOR BIAS IN STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ON THE RECOGNITION, INCIDENCE, CLINICAL COURSE, AND MICROBIOLOGY OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; WOMEN; SEROPREVALENCE; CARE AB As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic affects more women, clinicians are increasingly observing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in HIV-infected women. The extent to which PID is a factor in the recognition of HIV or HIV is a factor in the recognition of PID is unknown. Even less is known about how HIV infection influences the development, clinical course, and microbiology of PID. The paucity of existing data largely results from difficulties in designing studies that are free of bias. Several biases may distort studies of the effect of HIV on the recognition, incidence, clinical presentation and course, and microbiology of PID. Selection bias, diagnostic bias, and confounding bias are the most likely causes of invalid conclusions in studies of the influence of HIV infection on these aspects of PID, for three major reasons: Factors that determine patients' health care seeking behavior may be related to HIV status; the diagnosis of PID tends to be imprecise; and extraneous factors that cause or prevent PID may be distributed differently in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Appropriate study design and analytic techniques can eliminate, reduce, or estimate the magnitude and direction of these biases, thereby yielding more valid conclusions. To interpret properly existing and future studies of the influence of HIV infection on PID, clinicians must consider several biases that may distort results. C1 MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. UNIV MIAMI,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,MIAMI,FL 33152. RP IRWIN, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206837-02, U64/CCU406842-02] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 463 EP 469 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA PC430 UT WOS:A1994PC43000030 PM 8058250 ER PT J AU WESSON, DM COLLINS, FH MCLAIN, DK AF WESSON, DM COLLINS, FH MCLAIN, DK TI CONFIRMATION OF THE CONSPECIFICITY OF 2 AMERICAN VECTORS OF THE AGENT OF LYME-DISEASE - REPLY SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. RP WESSON, DM (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT TROP MED,1501 CANAL ST,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD SEP PY 1994 VL 10 IS 9 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(94)90247-X PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PC688 UT WOS:A1994PC68800008 PM 15275414 ER PT J AU DESEDA, CC SHAPIRO, CN CARROLL, K HINDS, W AF DESEDA, CC SHAPIRO, CN CARROLL, K HINDS, W TI HEPATITIS-B VIRUS TRANSMISSION BETWEEN A CHILD AND STAFF MEMBER AT A DAY-CARE-CENTER SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE HEPATITIS B; DAY-CARE CENTERS C1 SNOHOMISH HLTH DIST,SEATTLE,WA. RP DESEDA, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MS G-37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 13 IS 9 BP 828 EP 830 DI 10.1097/00006454-199409000-00017 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PF696 UT WOS:A1994PF69600015 PM 7808856 ER PT J AU ASKEW, GL FINELLI, L GENESE, CA SORHAGE, FE SOSIN, DM SPITALNY, KC AF ASKEW, GL FINELLI, L GENESE, CA SORHAGE, FE SOSIN, DM SPITALNY, KC TI BOILERBAISSE - AN OUTBREAK OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA IN NEW-JERSEY IN 1992 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; NITRITE; BOILER ID WELL-WATER; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; ISOBUTYL NITRITE AB Background. On October 20, 1992, >40 children from one elementary school visited the school nurse due to the acute onset of blue lips and hands, vomiting, and headache during and after the school lunch periods. Forty-nine children were seen by physicians that day and 14 were hospitalized. Laboratory analysis revealed methemoglobinemia in many of the children. All recovered in 36 hours. Objective. A case-control study was supplemented by environmental and laboratory investigations to determine the outbreak source. Methods. Cases were selected based on the laboratory diagnosis of methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin level >2%). Children whose methemoglobin levels were missing or <2% were excluded from analysis. Controls were obtained by selecting every third name from a school roster. The parents of 29 students who met the case definition and 52 controls were interviewed. Results. All 29 cases and 33% (17/52) of the controls ate soup during the school lunch (odds ratio undefined, lower 95% confidence limit 16.1). Two pots of soup were prepared from ready-to-serve cans, which were diluted with water and enriched with a commercially prepared flavor enhancer. The school's boiler, dormant during the previous 5 months, was restarted on the morning of the outbreak. The boiler also served as a tankless hot water heater. Laboratory analysis of the soup identified abnormally high quantities of nitrite (459 ppm) and sodium metaborate, major components of the boiler water treatment solution. Undiluted soup from the same lot had 2.0 ppm nitrites; the flavor enhancer had 2.2 ppm nitrites. Nitrites were present in the hot potable water system (4 to 10 ppm) and absent in the cold potable water system. Conclusions. This outbreak of methemoglobinemia due to nitrite poisoning was traced to soup contaminated by nitrites in a boiler additive. Nitrites are ubiquitous and potentially hazardous inorganic ions. Extreme caution should be used when the possibility for toxic human exposure to nitrites exists. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1994 VL 94 IS 3 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PE782 UT WOS:A1994PE78200019 PM 8065867 ER PT J AU HALL, CB CHESNEY, PJ GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCY, SM MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA OVERALL, JC PICKERING, LK STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BERKELMAN, RL HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, NR ROBBINS, A AF HALL, CB CHESNEY, PJ GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCY, SM MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA OVERALL, JC PICKERING, LK STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BERKELMAN, RL HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, NR ROBBINS, A TI UPDATE ON TIMING OF HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION FOR PREMATURE-INFANTS AND FOR CHILDREN WITH LAPSED IMMUNIZATION - COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CANADIAN PAEDIAT SOC,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL VACCINE PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1994 VL 94 IS 3 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PE782 UT WOS:A1994PE78200024 ER PT J AU IKEDA, RM SACKS, JJ BRISS, PA ADDISS, DG AF IKEDA, RM SACKS, JJ BRISS, PA ADDISS, DG TI ASSESSMENT OF TELEPHONE SURVEY DATA SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; TODDLERS; INFANTS; STAFF C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP IKEDA, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1994 VL 94 IS 3 BP 405 EP 406 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PE782 UT WOS:A1994PE78200025 PM 8065873 ER PT J AU SATCHER, D AF SATCHER, D TI KEEP UP THE PROGRESS ON CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 593 EP 593 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200001 PM 7938377 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, CA EVANS, WB MAHANES, JA SEPE, SJ AF ROBINSON, CA EVANS, WB MAHANES, JA SEPE, SJ TI PROGRESS ON THE CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION INITIATIVE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB President Clinton submitted the Comprehensive Childhood Immunization Initiative Act to Congress in April 1993. The objective of the legislation is to protect all children in the United States by their second birthday against nine vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. As originally introduced in the Congress the initiative called for (a) Federal purchase and distribution of recommended childhood vaccines for all children, (b) improving the public health capacity to deliver vaccine, (c) establishing a State-based national immunization information and tracking system, and (d) expanding immunization education and mobilization efforts directed to health care providers and parents. The authors review the progress and current status of the initiative, updating a previous progress report. The President's legislative proposal, modified by Congress, was enacted August 10, 1993. Several key provisions of the original legislation, deferred by Congress, may be incorporated in subsequent legislation or implemented through existing authorities. Therefore, the evolving framework for the initiative derives not from a single legislative mandate, but expands current immunization program activities and adds important new and complementary activities. As mentioned in the original title of the legislation, this is a ''comprehensive'' effort to address the problem of under-immunization in U.S. preschool children. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. US HLTHCARE FINANCING ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. US PHS,AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY RES,WASHINGTON,DC. RP ROBINSON, CA (reprint author), NATL VACCINE PROGRAM OFF,ROCKWALL II BLDG,SUITE 1075,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 594 EP 600 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200002 PM 7938378 ER PT J AU POLONSKY, S KERR, S HARRIS, B GAITER, J FICHTNER, RR KENNEDY, MG AF POLONSKY, S KERR, S HARRIS, B GAITER, J FICHTNER, RR KENNEDY, MG TI HIV PREVENTION IN PRISONS AND JAILS - OBSTACLES AND OPPORTUNITIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DRUG-ABUSERS; AIDS; INMATES; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; BEHAVIORS; RISK; CARE AB High rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among jail and prison inmates suggest that HIV prevention efforts should focus on incarcerated populations. Overcrowding, the high prevalence of injection drug use, and other high-risk behaviors among inmates create a prime opportunity for public health officials to affect the course of the HIV epidemic if they can remedy these problems. Yet, along with the opportunity, there are certain obstacles that correctional institutions present to public health efforts. The various jurisdictions have differing approaches to HIV prevention and control. Whether testing should be mandatory or voluntary, whether housing should be integrated or segregated by HIV serostatus, and whether condoms, bleach, or clean needles should be made available to the prisoners, are questions hotly debated by public health and correctional officials. Even accurate assessment of risk-taking within the institutions leads to controversy, as asking questions could imply acceptance of the very behaviors correctional officials are trying to prevent. Education and risk-reduction counseling are the least controversial and most widely employed modes of prevention, but the effectiveness of current prevention efforts in reducing HIV transmission in this high-risk population is largely undertermined. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH CYTOL & GENET,BEHAV STUDIES SECT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NIMH,AIDS TRAINING PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP KERR, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 615 EP 625 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200005 PM 7938381 ER PT J AU DRIVER, CR FRIEDEN, TR BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM AF DRIVER, CR FRIEDEN, TR BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM TI DRUG-RESISTANCE AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS, NEW-YORK-CITY, 1991 AND 1992 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION AB The authors assessed drug susceptibility patterns among tuberculosis patients reported to the New York City Department of Health in the first quarters of 1991 and 1992. Resistance to one or more drugs was seen in 26 percent (137 divided-by 520) in 1991 and 24 percent (122 divided-by 517) in 1992. Resistance to isoniazid was seen in 22 percent and 19 percent of patients in 1991 and 1992, respectively; resistance to rifampin in 15 percent and 14 percent; and to both isoniazid and rifampin in 15 percent and 14 percent. Combined resistance to four first line drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, and ethambutol) was seen in 6 percent (1991) and 8 percent (1992). Patients with organisms resistant to both isonizid and rifampin were as likely among U.S. born as among foreign born, and younger patients were more likely than older patients to have isoniazid and rifampin resistant organisms. These findings underscore the importance of obtaining susceptibility testing in all patients who have cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,PROGRAM SERV BRANCH,NEW YORK,NY. RP DRIVER, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 632 EP 636 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200007 PM 7938383 ER PT J AU KOGAN, MD ALEXANDER, GR KOTELCHUCK, M NAGEY, DA JACK, BW AF KOGAN, MD ALEXANDER, GR KOTELCHUCK, M NAGEY, DA JACK, BW TI COMPARING MOTHERS REPORTS ON THE CONTENT OF PRENATAL-CARE RECEIVED WITH RECOMMENDED NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR CARE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INFANT HEALTH SURVEY; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; IMPACT; POPULATION; PROGRAMS AB The Public Health Service's Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care Report in 1989 provided detailed guidelines for the components of each prenatal visit. However, the extent to which women were receiving the recommended care when the guidelines were being formulated has yet to be determined. The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey results permit an examination of the proportion of women who reported receiving some of the recommended procedures. Women were asked if they received six of the recommended procedures (blood pressure measurement, urine test, blood test, weight and height taken, pelvic examination, and pregnancy history) in the first two visits, and whether they received seven types of advice or counseling (nutrition; vitamin use; smoking, alcohol, and drug use cessation; breastfeeding; and maternal weight gain) any time during their pregnancy. Only 56 percent of the respondents said they received all of the recommended procedures in the first two visits, and only 32 percent of the respondents said they received advice in all of the areas. Logistic regression analysis indicated that women receiving their care from private offices were significantly less likely to receive all the procedures and advice than women at publicly funded sites of care. This study suggests that recommendations of the Public Health Service's expert panel were not being met. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAIR MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RP KOGAN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,FOLLOWBACK SURVEY BRANCH,ROOM 804 PRESIDENTIAL BLDG,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 21 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 637 EP 646 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200008 PM 7938384 ER PT J AU TURNOCK, BJ HANDLER, A HALL, W POTSIC, S NALLURI, R VAUGHN, EH AF TURNOCK, BJ HANDLER, A HALL, W POTSIC, S NALLURI, R VAUGHN, EH TI LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN ADDRESSING THE CORE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC-HEALTH SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective 8.14 of the Year 2000 National Health Objectives calls for 90 percent of the population to be served by a local health department effectively carrying out the three core functions of public health-assessment, policy development, and assurance. To provide a benchmark of local health department effectiveness in addressing the core functions and to assess implications for achieving the year 2000 target, a random national sample (stratified by jurisdiction and population base) of local health departments was surveyed to determine self-reported compliance with 10 public health practice performance measures that operationalize the core functions. Overall compliance with the 10 performance measures was 50 percent, based on weighted responses of 208 responding health departments. Compliance was highest for the practices related to the assurance function and least for practices related to the policy development function. Compliance was also high for departments serving a population of 50,000 or more and those smaller departments organized at the city and city-county levels. Using two different definitions developed by the investigators, 19 and 31 percent of the health departments were judged to be effective in addressing the core functions of public health. These data suggest that less than 40 percent of the U.S. population was served by a health department effectively addressing the core functions of public health in 1993. It appears that considerable capacity building within the public health system will be needed to achieve the year 2000 target of 90 percent. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PUBL HLTH SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP TURNOCK, BJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH PUBL HLTH,2121 W TAYLOR,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 12 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200010 PM 7938386 ER PT J AU MILLER, CA MOORE, KS RICHARDS, TB MCKAIG, C AF MILLER, CA MOORE, KS RICHARDS, TB MCKAIG, C TI A SCREENING SURVEY TO ASSESS LOCAL PUBLIC-HEALTH PERFORMANCE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Current studies are attempting to develop a national surveillance system to measure the extent that populations are served by local departments carrying out the core functions of public health. Early phases of the study featured observations on 14 health departments that have been subjects of a longitudinal study. These departments were surveyed using a protocol with 81 different indicators. The results permitted distinctions to be made among the departments on levels of performance according to core functions and their associated practices. To simplify the survey protocol so that it might be suitable for use with a large number of local public health jurisdictions, a subset of 26 indicators was selected from the previously developed protocol. Each indicator in the subset was linked with one of the three core functions of public health and with one of the associated practices. In an effort to display correlation between scores on the simplified survey and those in the full survey, scatter plots were prepared for overall scores and for those pertaining to each function and practice. Stepwise regressions were done to determine which queries or groups of queries were most predictive of variations in the screening responses. Four questions accounted for 96 percent of the variance in responses for overall performance. Results suggest that a three-tiered approach to the evaluation of local public health performance might be feasible. For the study departments, responses to four questions could be used to screen overall public health performance; responses to 26 questions could be used to yield information about performance of each of the three core public health functions; and responses to 84 questions could be used to yield more detailed information about performance for each of 10 public health practices. Experience with a larger set of departments might revise the number and nature of the screening queries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP MILLER, CA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CB 7400,ROSENAU HALL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 659 EP 664 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200011 PM 7938387 ER PT J AU HENNESSY, CH MORIARTY, DG ZACK, MM SCHERR, PA BRACKBILL, R AF HENNESSY, CH MORIARTY, DG ZACK, MM SCHERR, PA BRACKBILL, R TI MEASURING HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY-OF-LIFE FOR PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PERCEIVED HEALTH; MENTAL-HEALTH; MORTALITY; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATION; DRINKING; WORK AB In public health research and practice, quality of life is increasingly acknowledged as a valid and appropriate indicator of service need and intervention appropriate indicator of service need and intervention outcomes. Health-related quality of life measures, including objective and subjective assessments of health, are particularly useful for evaluating efforts in the prevention of disabling chronic diseases. Such data can inform health policy, planning, and practice. Mechanisms for routinely monitoring quality of life of populations at the State and local levels are currently lacking, however. This article discusses the rationale for and concepts measured by four quality of life questions developed for the 1993 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a State-based telephone surveillance system. To encourage quality of life surveillance by States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion held two related workshops, one in December 1991 and the other in June 1992. The workshops convened experts in quality of life and functional status measurement and resulted in the formulation of items for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on self-perceived health, recent physical and mental health, and recent limitation in usual activities. The criteria, including feasibility and generalizability, considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the workshop participants in the selection and development of these items are discussed. A model that conceptualizes the relationship of quality of life domains measured by the four survey items is presented and validated with preliminary data from the 1993 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Finally, how States can use these measures to track progress towards the Year 2000 goal of improving quality of life is discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HENNESSY, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,MAILSTOP K-51,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 48 TC 249 Z9 255 U1 4 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 665 EP 672 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200012 PM 7938388 ER PT J AU LANGER, LM ZIMMERMAN, RS CABRAL, RJ AF LANGER, LM ZIMMERMAN, RS CABRAL, RJ TI PERCEIVED VERSUS ACTUAL CONDOM SKILLS AMONG CLIENTS AT SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; ADOLESCENTS; BARRIER; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; UPDATE AB The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether individual self-reports of perceived ability to use a condom correctly correlated with the actual ability to do so. Participants in the study were 3,059 clients of a sexually transmitted disease clinic. The findings revealed that the participants' perceived self-efficacy with regard to using a condom effectively was a poor indicator of their clinically demonstrated skills using a penile model as scored on the 6-point Condom Skills Index. Condom skills, in general, were found to be at a moderate level only. Even though 89 percent of the sample were persons who said they were somewhat or very sure that they could put a condom on and take it off correctly, the sample mean score on the Condom Skills Index was only 3.6, or 60 percent correct. Perceived versus demonstrated condom skills showed poor correlations for both the relatively lower-risk group (r = .09; P < .001 and the pooled higher risk groups (r = .12; P < .001). Although men were significantly more likely than women to believe they had adequate condom skills, no significant differences were found between the clinically demonstrated condom skills of males and females. Although condom promotion has included issues of product quality and consistent use, little attention has focused on correct use. Hence, when interventions aimed at reducing risk for HIV focus on developing communication-negotiation skills regarding the consistent use of condoms, attention also should be directed toward developing skills for using condoms effectively. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,HIV SECT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT BEHAV SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP LANGER, LM (reprint author), FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL & ANTHROPOL,UNIV PK DM-334,MIAMI,FL 33199, USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 109 IS 5 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PN152 UT WOS:A1994PN15200014 PM 7938390 ER PT J AU EATON, SB PIKE, MC SHORT, RV LEE, NC TRUSSELL, J HATCHER, RA WOOD, JW WORTHMAN, CM JONES, NGB KONNER, MJ HILL, KR BAILEY, R HURTADO, AM AF EATON, SB PIKE, MC SHORT, RV LEE, NC TRUSSELL, J HATCHER, RA WOOD, JW WORTHMAN, CM JONES, NGB KONNER, MJ HILL, KR BAILEY, R HURTADO, AM TI WOMENS REPRODUCTIVE CANCERS IN EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FULL TERM PREGNANCY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; OVARIAN-CANCER; DIETARY-FAT; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; LIFE EXPECTANCY AB Reproductive experiences for women in today's affluent Western nations differ from those of women in hunting and gathering societies, who continue the ancestral human pattern. These differences parallel commonly accepted reproductive risk factors for cancers or the the breast, endometrium and ovary. Nutritional practices, exercise requirements, and body composition are nonreproductive influences that have been proposed as additional factors affecting the incidence of women's cancers. In each case, these would further increase risk for women in industrialized countries relative to forager women. Lifestyles and reproductive patterns new from an evolutionary perspective may promote women's cancers. Calculations based on a theoretical model suggest that, to age 60, modern Western women have a breast cancer risk as much as 100 times that of preagricultural women. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. MONASH UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,MELBOURNE,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CANC PREVENT & CONTROL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30030. PRINCETON UNIV,OFF POPULAT RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. PENN STATE UNIV,POPULAT ISSUES RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ANTHROPOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT EDUC,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. EMORY UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 105 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0033-5770 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 69 IS 3 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1086/418650 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA PK714 UT WOS:A1994PK71400002 PM 7972680 ER PT J AU MCCONNELL, CT PLOUFFE, JF FILE, TM MUELLER, CF WONG, KH SKELTON, SK MARSTON, BJ BREIMAN, RF AF MCCONNELL, CT PLOUFFE, JF FILE, TM MUELLER, CF WONG, KH SKELTON, SK MARSTON, BJ BREIMAN, RF TI RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE (TWAR STRAIN) RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIA; LUNG, INFECTION ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; DISEASE AB PURPOSE: To report the spectrum of radiographic findings associated with a new respiratory pathogen: Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR strain). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs of 55 adult patients hospitalized with serologic evidence of C pneumoniae were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: On the basis of serologic criteria, two types of acute respiratory infection are possible: primary (first exposure) infections and recurrent, acute infection in a previously exposed individual. In the primary group, alveolar opacities (65%) with a unilateral distribution (71%) were most common at admission. Cavitary disease and hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy were uncommon. Small to medium-sized pleural effusions were common in both primary and recurrent groups during hospitalization. Also, both groups tended to progress to bilateral, mixed, interstitial and alveolar changes during the course of infection. CONCLUSION: Different radiographic patterns exist for the two types of acute C pneumoniae infection. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT RADIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. AKRON CITY HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,AKRON,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 13 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 192 IS 3 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA PD073 UT WOS:A1994PD07300040 PM 8058954 ER PT J AU WIRAWAN, DN LINNAN, M AF WIRAWAN, DN LINNAN, M TI THE BALI INDIRECT MATERNAL MORTALITY STUDY SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB The Bali Indirect Maternal Mortality Study (BIMMS) was conducted in Bali Province, Indonesia in 1991. The objective of the study tons to evaluate the indirect sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality, using a prospective (direct) community-based survey undertaken from 1980 to 1982 among women of reproductive age (Reproductive Age Mortality Survey, or RAMOS) as a comparison. The BlMMS maternal mortality ratio was 331 per 100,000 live births adjusted for 1982. This ratio is similar to the RAMOS one prior to its adjustment, of 359 per 100,000 live births. The sisterhood method was fast er, cheaper, and appears to be as accurate as direct methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WIRAWAN, DN (reprint author), UDAYANA UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT PUBL HLTH,DENPASAR,INDONESIA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU POPULATION COUNCIL PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.2307/2138061 PG 6 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PW760 UT WOS:A1994PW76000005 PM 7871555 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L TAYLOR, TE WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW AF SLUTSKER, L TAYLOR, TE WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW TI IN-HOSPITAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO MALARIA-ASSOCIATED SEVERE ANEMIA IN 2 AREAS OF MALAWI WITH DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF MALARIA INFECTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CEREBRAL MALARIA; TREATMENT POLICY; CHILDREN; CHLOROQUINE; ANEMIA; ZAIRE AB We examined the relative contribution of malaria-associated severe anaemia (parasitaemia and haematocrit less than or equal to 15%) to malaria-related morbidity and mortality among children admitted at 2 hospitals in areas with different seasonal patterns of malaria infection in Malawi. The prevalence of malaria-associated severe anaemia was 8.5% among admissions at the hospital in an area with sustained, year-round infection (Mangochi District Hospital [MDH]), compared to 5.2% at the hospital in an area with a fluctuating pattern of infection (Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital [QECH]). Infants at MDH were nearly twice as likely to have malaria-associated severe anaemia as were those at QECH. Parasite density on admission was not related to the risk of severe anaemia at MDH, but if was at QECH. A similar proportion of all deaths was attributed to malaria at MDH (17.5%) and QECH (20.4%). However, malaria-associated severe anaemia accounted for 54% of malaria-related deaths at MDH compared to only 32% at QECH. Malaria-associated severe anaemia contributed significantly to morbidity and mortality at both sites, but its impact was more marked in the area with a sustained pattern of infection. These findings suggest that seasonal fluctuations in malaria infection may contribute to differences in patterns of malaria disease. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL OSTEOPATH MED,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 88 IS 5 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90157-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PQ487 UT WOS:A1994PQ48700016 PM 7992335 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, ES DOLL, LS SATTEN, GA LENES, B SHAFER, AW KAMEL, H CASANOVA, RJ PETERSEN, LR AF JOHNSON, ES DOLL, LS SATTEN, GA LENES, B SHAFER, AW KAMEL, H CASANOVA, RJ PETERSEN, LR TI DIRECT ORAL QUESTIONS TO BLOOD-DONORS - THE IMPACT ON SCREENING FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; INFECTION; RISK; DISCLOSURE; ANTIBODY; DONATION; HIV AB Background: In December 1990, the Food and Drug Administration recommended that all United States blood centers implement a policy of asking prospective donors direct oral questions (DOQs) about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors to increase the safety of the blood supply. Study Design and Methods:To evaluate the Impact of the DOQ policy, HIV-related deferral and HIV seroprevalence data were analyzed at four American Red Cross blood centers for the year before the policy change and the year after. An epidemiologic analysis with stratification was conducted, including the calculation of odds ratios (OR) and 95-percent CIs. Results: Two of the four blood centers showed an overall significant increase in HIV-related deferral after implementation of the DOQ policy: OR = 4.04, (95% CI = 3.41, 4.76); OR = 2.93, (95% CI = 2.67, 3.21). The increase in HIV-related deferral was higher for women. HIV seroprevalence decreased at all four centers, including the two that did not see an increase in HIV-related deferrals. Seroprevalence declined by 14 percent in the two centers with increases in HIV-related deferral, which was neither significant nor attributable to DOQs. Conclusion: Given that HIV antibody screening cannot detect HIV-seronegative (but infectious) ''window-period'' donations, the deferral of at-risk donors may offer some additional protection to the blood supply. However, evidence was not found of an increase in safety of the blood supply as measured by HIV seroprevalence. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SOCIAL & BEHAV STUDIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD CTR S FLORIDA REG,MIAMI,FL. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD CTR SE MICHIGAN REG,DETROIT,MI. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD CTR PENN JERSEY REG,PHILADELPHIA,PA. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD CTR PUERTO RICO REG,SAN JUAN,PR. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1994 VL 34 IS 9 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34994378277.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PJ636 UT WOS:A1994PJ63600007 PM 8091465 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AJ GUIRAKHOO, F ROEHRIG, JT AF JOHNSON, AJ GUIRAKHOO, F ROEHRIG, JT TI THE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS OF DENGUE-1 AND DENGUE-2 VIRUSES GROWN IN MOSQUITO CELLS DIFFER IN THEIR UTILIZATION OF POTENTIAL GLYCOSYLATION SITES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; TYPE-2 VIRUS; JAMAICA GENOTYPE; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPEPTIDES AB We have previously isolated and characterized two dengue (DEN) 2 viruses mutant in their fusion-from-within (FFWI) phenotype in the insect cell line C6/36. Both viruses lost a potential glycosylation site (Asn-153) in the envelope (E) glycoprotein. To determine whether the change in FFWI phenotype was due to a change in E-glycoprotein glycosylation, we characterized the patterns of glycosylation on the E-glycoprotein of wild-type DEN 1 and DEN 2 viruses. The E-glycoproteins were isolated from purified virus grown in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells, by use of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The tryptic maps of wild-type glycosylated and enzymatically (PNGase F) deglycosylated E-glycoproteins were compared by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The DEN 1 virus E-glycoprotein was found to have two peaks in the tryptic map that exhibited shifts after deglycosylation, whereas the DEN 2 virus E-glycoprotein had only one. Besides the potential glycosylation site at Asn-153, both DEN 1 and DEN 2 Virus E-glycoproteins have another potential site located at Asn-67, Amino-terminal sequencing of the shifted peaks revealed that DEN 2 virus E-glycoprotein is glycosylated only at Asn-67; however, DEN 1 virus E-glycoprotein is glycosylated at both Asn-67 and Asn-153. These DEN virus serotypes are thus heterogeneous in their use of glycosylation sites. We also determined by a lectin-binding assay that the attached carbohydrates for both viruses were likely to be of the high-mannose type. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP JOHNSON, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1994 VL 203 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1481 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA PB658 UT WOS:A1994PB65800005 PM 8053148 ER PT J AU SANZ, MC KEW, OM ANDERSON, LJ AF SANZ, MC KEW, OM ANDERSON, LJ TI GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY OF THE ATTACHMENT GLYCOPROTEIN-G AMONG GROUP-A RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; G GLYCOPROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY ID SUBGROUP-A; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; LINEAGES; SEQUENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; RELATEDNESS AB Fifteen independent group A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolates were compared by sequencing a 300-nucleotide interval encoding a variable region of the attachment glycoprotein G. The viruses compared included the reference strains Long (USA 1956), A2 (Australia 1961), and 669 (Sweden 1959), along with 13 clinical isolates obtained at different times and locations throughout the United States. Representatives of all six antigenic subgroups, recognized by reactivity patterns with monoclonal antibodies, were compared. The maximum sequence heterogeneity within the G glycoprotein region compared was 15.7% of nucleotide sequences and 26% of amino acid sequences, more than twice the difference observed between Long and A2. Half of the nucleotide changes encoded amino acid substitutions, possibly indicating that the protein interval compared was subject to immune selection. Because the ratio of nucleotide to amino acid substitutions was nearly constant for all degrees of genetic divergence, the potential range of sequence divergence among group A RSV has probably not yet been attained. There was little correlation between the patterns of reactivity against a panel of monoclonal antibodies and sequence relationships among the 15 isolates. The sequence information showed multiple genotypes circulating simultaneously in the same community and very similar genotypes circulating in widely separated communities and during different years. Genetic analyses of RSV strains can provide important information about the relationships between RSV infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RESP & ENGER VIRUSES BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP SANZ, MC (reprint author), BIOKIT SA, DEPT MOLEC BIOL, BARCELONA, SPAIN. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 EI 1872-7492 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 203 EP 217 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA PE061 UT WOS:A1994PE06100001 PM 7985408 ER PT J AU YANE, K KITAHORI, Y KONISHI, N OKAICHI, K OHNISHI, T MIYAHARA, H MATSUNAGA, T LIN, JC HIASA, Y AF YANE, K KITAHORI, Y KONISHI, N OKAICHI, K OHNISHI, T MIYAHARA, H MATSUNAGA, T LIN, JC HIASA, Y TI EXPRESSION OF THE ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR IN HUMAN THYROID NEOPLASMS SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN THYROID NEOPLASMS; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; MESSENGER-RNA ID IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA; RAT UTERUS; TISSUE; BINDING; LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN; DOMAINS; CANCER; TUMORS AB The expression and quantitation of the estrogen receptor (ER) in human thyroid tumors were examined by biochemical, immunohistochemical, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. For this study, neoplasms, adenomatous goiters and adjacent normal thyroid tissues were obtained from 35 patients which included 10 cases of papillary carcinomas, 17 cases of adenomas and 8 cases of adenomatous goiters. Regardless of the histopathological subtype, ER was detected in 19% (5/27) of the neoplastic tissues with the mean value of ER content of 5.0 +/- 1.3 fmol/mg protein and the mean K-d value of 0.38 +/- 0.28 nM. ER was also detected, but at a lower concentration (2.8 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg protein), in the surrounding normal tissues. There was no significant difference between the neoplasms and adenomatous goiters with respect to the incidence of ER positivity and ER content: Furthermore, ER-positive specimens, as determined by both biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, also showed the expression of ER mRNA detected by RT-PCR method. These results demonstrate that both ER mRNA as well as ER protein are expressed in thyroid neoplasms. This suggests the possibility that estrogen may affect the tumorigenesis or the progression of some thyroid neoplasms. C1 NARA MED UNIV,DEPT PATHOL 2,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. NARA MED UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP YANE, K (reprint author), NARA MED UNIV,DEPT OTORHINOLARYNGOL,840 SHIJYO CHO,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90358-1 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA PF478 UT WOS:A1994PF47800008 PM 7521273 ER PT J AU BREWER, RD MORRIS, PD COLE, TB WATKINS, S PATETTA, MJ POPKIN, C AF BREWER, RD MORRIS, PD COLE, TB WATKINS, S PATETTA, MJ POPKIN, C TI THE RISK OF DYING IN ALCOHOL-RELATED AUTOMOBILE CRASHES AMONG HABITUAL DRUNK DRIVERS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; DRINKING AB Background. Reports suggest that people who drive while intoxicated by alcohol may do so repeatedly. We hypothesized that persons arrested for driving while impaired might be at increased risk for death in an alcohol-related motor vehicle crash. To evaluate this possibility, we studied the deaths of drivers in alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents in North Carolina over a 10-year period. Methods. We compared drivers who died in motor vehicle crashes from 1980 through 1989 and who had blood alcohol concentrations of at least 20 mg per deciliter (4.3 mmol per liter), referred to as the case drivers, with those who died in crashes but had blood alcohol concentrations below 20 mg per deciliter, referred to as the control drivers. We identified case drivers and control drivers through the state Medical Examiner System. We then searched North Carolina driver-history. files for the five years before each death to identify arrests for driving while impaired. Results. We linked a total of 1646 case drivers and 1474 control drivers to their driver-history files. Case drivers were more likely than control drivers to have been arrested for driving while impaired (26 percent vs. 3 percent). After we controlled for potential confounding variables, case drivers 21 to 34 years of age were 4.3 times more likely (95 percent confidence interval, 2.7 to 6.8) than control drivers to have been arrested for driving while impaired; case drivers 35 years of age or older were 11.7 times more likely (95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 20.1). The strength of the association appeared to increase with the number of prior arrests. Case drivers were also more likely than the general population of currently licensed drivers to have been arrested. Conclusions. Arrests for driving while impaired substantially increase the risk of eventual death in an alcohol-related crash. Aggressive intervention in the cases of people arrested for driving while impaired may decrease the likelihood of a future fatal alcohol-related crash. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,INJURY CONTROL SECT,RALEIGH,NC. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,DIV STAT & INFORMAT SERV,RALEIGH,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,HIGHWAY SAFETY RES CTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP BREWER, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [H28/CCH401640011] NR 26 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 25 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 8 BP 513 EP 517 DI 10.1056/NEJM199408253310806 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PD072 UT WOS:A1994PD07200006 PM 8041418 ER PT J AU DUCHIN, JS BREIMAN, RF BUTLER, JC PETERS, CJ KOSTER, FT AF DUCHIN, JS BREIMAN, RF BUTLER, JC PETERS, CJ KOSTER, FT TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN NEW-ENGLAND AND EUROPE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO HOSP,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP DUCHIN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 25 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 8 BP 547 EP 547 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PD072 UT WOS:A1994PD07200016 ER PT J AU CANTWELL, MF VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM AF CANTWELL, MF VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM TI CONGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP CANTWELL, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 25 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 8 BP 548 EP 549 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PD072 UT WOS:A1994PD07200021 ER PT J AU TANAKA, S ESTILL, CF SHANNON, SC AF TANAKA, S ESTILL, CF SHANNON, SC TI BLUEBERRY RAKERS TENDINITIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,AUGUSTA,ME 04333. RP TANAKA, S (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 25 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 8 BP 552 EP 552 DI 10.1056/NEJM199408253310819 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PD072 UT WOS:A1994PD07200032 PM 8041434 ER PT J AU JINADU, BA WELCH, G TALBOT, R CALDWELL, J JOHNSON, R BLUME, D EINSTEIN, H LARWOOD, T HARGRAVE, M JACKSON, RJ WERNER, SB DUFFEY, P RUTHERFORD, GW KIRKLAND, T PAPPAGIANIS, D SWATEK, F DIXON, DM AF JINADU, BA WELCH, G TALBOT, R CALDWELL, J JOHNSON, R BLUME, D EINSTEIN, H LARWOOD, T HARGRAVE, M JACKSON, RJ WERNER, SB DUFFEY, P RUTHERFORD, GW KIRKLAND, T PAPPAGIANIS, D SWATEK, F DIXON, DM TI UPDATE - COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS - CALIFORNIA, 1991-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 421-423, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP JINADU, BA (reprint author), KERN CTY HLTH DEPT,BAKERSFIELD,CA 93301, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 24 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 8 BP 585 EP 585 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC398 UT WOS:A1994PC39800007 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, L OHLANDER, EM BYERS, T ZACK, M WOLK, A BERGSTROM, R BERGKVIST, L THURFJELL, E BRUCE, A ADAMI, HO AF HOLMBERG, L OHLANDER, EM BYERS, T ZACK, M WOLK, A BERGSTROM, R BERGKVIST, L THURFJELL, E BRUCE, A ADAMI, HO TI DIET AND BREAST-CANCER RISK - RESULTS FROM A POPULATION-BASED, CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN SWEDEN SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; VITAMIN-C; FOLLOW-UP; FAT; CAROTENOIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VEGETABLES; FRUIT; HEALTH AB Background: We describe an epidemiologic analytical study of the relationship between current diet and breast cancer risk. Method: The study design is a case-control analysis. Cases were recruited from a mammography screening program used within the national health care system; the control subjects were selected from subjects free of breast cancer in the same population. A total of 380 cases and 525 control subjects, frequency-matched for age, month of mammography, and county of residence, were identified. Of these, 265 cases and 432 control subjects were included in this analysis. Odds ratios for breast cancer in relation to food and nutrient intake were the main outcome measures. Results: Exposure in the highest quartile of beta-carotene intake gave an odds ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 1.0). No increased risk was noted with high fat intake. Breast cancer risk was associated with alcohol intake only when alcohol was analyzed in quartiles: odds ratio, 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.4) for the highest quartile of intake vs the lowest. Stratified analyses showed that a high fat intake might decrease the protective effect of beta-carotene intake. Risks did not change appreciably with adjustment for total energy intake or. known breast cancer risk factors. Conclusions: As in most other studies, no strong risk factors for breast cancer have been identified in the current diet. The negative association between breast cancer risk and beta-carotene intake may be supported by a plausible mechanism, but our finding concerning alcohol should be interpreted cautiously since there was no dose-response relationship and the biological mechanism for a threshold effect at very low levels of consumption is unclear. C1 UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT SURG,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOL,MAMMOG UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NATL FOOD ADM TOXICOL LAB,S-75126 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT STAT,S-75105 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CENT HOSP VASTERAS,DEPT SURG,VASTERAS,SWEDEN. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP HOLMBERG, L (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 39 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 22 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 16 BP 1805 EP 1811 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.16.1805 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC275 UT WOS:A1994PC27500003 PM 8053747 ER PT J AU SUSTEN, SS ANDERSON, R PERRY, M AF SUSTEN, SS ANDERSON, R PERRY, M TI HAZDAT - A COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE AND HEALTH-EFFECTS DATABASE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 2 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100920 ER PT J AU NAJAM, AR KORVER, MP ALLEY, CC BURSE, VW AF NAJAM, AR KORVER, MP ALLEY, CC BURSE, VW TI INTERLABORATORY VARIATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CHLOROBIPHENYL CONGENERS IN SERUM - PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 91 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100370 ER PT J AU HILL, RH SHEALY, DB DRISKELL, WJ NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH SHEALY, DB DRISKELL, WJ NEEDHAM, LL TI PESTICIDE MEASUREMENTS IN HUMAN URINE USING TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 98 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100377 ER PT J AU BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV AF BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV TI MEASUREMENT OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER AND TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL IN HUMAN BLOOD AND URINE BY PURGE-AND-TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY USING AN ISOTOPE-DILUTION METHOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 102 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26101609 ER PT J AU HILL, RH SCHURZ, H DELAPAZ, MP BORDA, IA PHILEN, RM KILBOURNE, EM HEAD, SL BAILEY, SL DRISKELL, WJ BARR, JB NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH SCHURZ, H DELAPAZ, MP BORDA, IA PHILEN, RM KILBOURNE, EM HEAD, SL BAILEY, SL DRISKELL, WJ BARR, JB NEEDHAM, LL TI POSSIBLE ETIOLOGIC AGENTS FOR TOXIC OIL SYNDROME (TOS) - ESTERS OF 3-(N-PHENYLAMINO)-1,2-PROPANEDIOL (PAP) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST SANIDAD & CONSUMO,MADRID,SPAIN. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 160 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26100160 ER PT J AU MOYA, C ANTO, JM TAYLOR, AJN COSTA, A FENOLLAR, J MAYORDOMO, C DOMENECH, E MITJANS, L VANACLOCHA, H MARTI, JV SALAS, D SANTOLARIA, E VILLANUEVA, V GOBERNA, R MORELL, F PARKER, JB POZO, F SUNYER, J GIL, J HERNANDEZ, L MARTIN, C ROMERO, S ARANDA, I ANDREO, L SOLE, A VILAR, JL CORRIN, B AF MOYA, C ANTO, JM TAYLOR, AJN COSTA, A FENOLLAR, J MAYORDOMO, C DOMENECH, E MITJANS, L VANACLOCHA, H MARTI, JV SALAS, D SANTOLARIA, E VILLANUEVA, V GOBERNA, R MORELL, F PARKER, JB POZO, F SUNYER, J GIL, J HERNANDEZ, L MARTIN, C ROMERO, S ARANDA, I ANDREO, L SOLE, A VILAR, JL CORRIN, B TI OUTBREAK OF ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA IN TEXTILE PRINTING SPRAYERS SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA AB Eight textile printing factories in Valencia, Spain, with a total workforce of 257 using spraying techniques were investigated as a result of severe interstitial lung disease occurring in three employees, one of whom died. Clinical and radiological data together with biopsy from 71 (27.6%) workers with abnormal respiratory features indicated the occurrence of an outbreak of organising pneumonia resulting in 6 deaths. Epidemiological analysis included the 22 workers who fulfilled the radiological case definition based on chest radiograph and computed tomographic scan showing widespread nodular opacities or confluent patchy consolidation with a lung biopsy corresponding to organising pneumonia. The overall attach rate was 8.9%. Only 2 of the 22 cases never worked in factories A or B. Those who had only worked in factory A had the highest risk of being a case (RR = 24.3; 95% CI = 5.7 - 104.4). The relationship of case status to period of employment suggested an abrupt change in exposure conditions in the period when Acramin FWR was substituted by Acramin FWN. Although the precise toxicological mechanism is unknown, it is proposed that the lung disease was caused by spraying procedures delivered a respirable aerosol of Acramin FWN to distal airways and pulmonary parenchyma. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,INST MUNICIPAL INVEST MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,E-08003 BARCELONA,SPAIN. NATL HEART & LUNG INST,DEPT OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. GEN VALENCLANA,CONSELLERIA SANIATAT & CONSUM,AREA SALUD ALCOI,VALENCIA,SPAIN. GEN VALENCLANA,CONSELLERIA SANIATAT & CONSUM,SERV EPIDEMIOL,VALENCIA,SPAIN. GEN VALENCLANA,CONSELLERIA SANIATAT & CONSUM,SERV PROGRAMMAS ESPECIALES,UNIDAD SALUD LABORAL,VALENCIA,SPAIN. GEN VALENCLANA,CONSELLERIA SANIATAT & CONSUM,DIRECCIO GEN SALUT PUBL,VALENCIA,SPAIN. GEN VALENCLANA,CONSELLERIA SANIATAT & CONSUM,SERV SEGURIDAD & HIGIENE,VALENCIA,SPAIN. HOSP GEN VALLE HEBRON,SERV PNEUMOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. MINIST SANIDAD & CONSUMO,DIRECC GEN ORDENAC INVEST & FORMAC,MADRID,SPAIN. HOSP GEN ALICANTE,SECC NEUMOL,ALACANT,SPAIN. HOSP GEN ALICANTE,SERV ANAT PATOL,ALACANT,SPAIN. HOSP GEN ALICANTE,SERV IMMUNOL,ALACANT,SPAIN. HOSP VIRGEN LIRIOS,MED INTERNA SERV,ALACANT,SPAIN. HOSP VIRGEN LIRIOS,SERV RADIOL,ALACANT,SPAIN. HOSP LA FE,SERV NEUMOL,E-46009 VALENCIA,SPAIN. HOSP DR PESET,SERV RADIOL,VALENCIA,SPAIN. ROYAL BROMPTON NATL HEART & LUNG HOSP,DEPT LUNG PATHOL,LONDON SW3 6NP,ENGLAND. RI ARANDA, FRANCISCO/L-5525-2015; Anto, J/H-2676-2014; Sunyer, J/G-6909-2014 OI ARANDA, FRANCISCO/0000-0003-2338-2286; Anto, J/0000-0002-4736-8529; Sunyer, J/0000-0002-2602-4110 NR 9 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8921 BP 498 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91896-1 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC535 UT WOS:A1994PC53500007 PM 7914612 ER PT J AU EKBOM, A WAKEFIELD, AJ ZACK, M ADAMI, HO AF EKBOM, A WAKEFIELD, AJ ZACK, M ADAMI, HO TI PERINATAL MEASLES INFECTION AND SUBSEQUENT CROHNS-DISEASE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; MORTALITY AB Although the aetiology of Crohn's disease is unknown, morphological and epidemiological studies have implicated measles virus as a potential component cause, particularly when exposure occurs in utero or early in life. An increased incidence of Crohn's disease among people born during measles epidemics would support this hypothesis. We identified all individuals born in four counties in central Sweden in 1945-54 who had had Crohn's disease diagnosed before the age of 30 years. Yearly reports compiled in these counties revealed that five measles epidemics had affected all four counties during the trial period. After adjusting for monthly differences in the number of livebirths in the four counties, we calculated the expected number of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis born during the 3-month period after the peaks of the epidemics. The number of people with Crohn's disease significantly exceeded that expected: 57 versus 39.0 (standardised incidence ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.11-1.89). For patients with ulcerative colitis, the observed number (42) was close to that expected (46.8). Our results strengthen the hypothesis that measles is related to Crohn's disease and that the perinatal period is a time of vulnerability. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. ROYAL FREE HOSP,SCH MED,INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DIS STUDY GRP,LONDON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP EKBOM, A (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 17 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8921 BP 508 EP 510 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91898-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC535 UT WOS:A1994PC53500009 PM 7914614 ER PT J AU BLANK, S SIMONDS, RJ WEISFUSE, I RUDNICK, J CHIASSON, MA THOMAS, P AF BLANK, S SIMONDS, RJ WEISFUSE, I RUDNICK, J CHIASSON, MA THOMAS, P TI POSSIBLE NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV SO LANCET LA English DT Note AB We report an infant with AIDS whose source of HIV is unknown; investigation supported the possibility of patient-to-patient transmission of HIV during medical care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BLANK, S (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR STD CONTROL,DIV DIS INTERVENT,BOX 73,ROOM 207,125 WORTH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8921 BP 512 EP 514 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91900-3 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC535 UT WOS:A1994PC53500011 PM 7914615 ER PT J AU BENNETT, J AABY, P SIMONDON, F SAMB, B WHITTLE, H SECK, AMC MARKOWITZ, L AF BENNETT, J AABY, P SIMONDON, F SAMB, B WHITTLE, H SECK, AMC MARKOWITZ, L TI SEX-DIFFERENCES IN MEASLES FATALITY AND EDMONSTON-ZAGREB MEASLES-VACCINE SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 STATENS SERUM INST,DANISH EPIDEMIOL SCI CTR,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. ORSTOM,UR MALAD INFECT & PARASITAIRES,DAKAR,SENEGAL. UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,DAKAR,SENEGAL. MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BENNETT, J (reprint author), TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,ATLANTA,GA 30307, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 20 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8921 BP 545 EP 545 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91936-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC535 UT WOS:A1994PC53500051 PM 7914637 ER PT J AU SANDERS, RW LEEPER, DA KING, CH PORTER, KG AF SANDERS, RW LEEPER, DA KING, CH PORTER, KG TI GRAZING BY ROTIFERS AND CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON ON NANOPLANKTONIC PROTISTS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FOOD WEB; PROTOZOA; ROTIFERS; CRUSTACEANS ID FILTER FEEDING ZOOPLANKTON; FRESH-WATER ZOOPLANKTON; EUTROPHIC LAKE; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; SEASONAL PATTERNS; FOOD-WEBS; PLANKTONIC COMMUNITY; BACTERIAL PRODUCTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; MONOMICTIC LAKE AB Predation on nanoflagellates by metazoan zooplankton was investigated using a radioactively labeled flagellate, Poterioochromonas malhamensis, as a tracer cell in laboratory incubations of freshly collected plankton assemblages. Experiments conducted in the fall, winter and spring indicated that rotifers dominated the grazing on nanoflagellates by metazoans in the winter (68%) and spring (92%). Rotifer grazing was not determined in the autumn. It is likely that the greater impact of rotifer grazing in the spring was due to the occurrence of abundant filamentous cyanobacteria and gelatinous colonial phytoplankton which selectively depressed feeding rates of crustaceans compared to rotifers. Crustacean predation on nanoflagellates was highest in the autumn when cladocerans (primarily Daphnia spp.) were abundant. Predation by metazoan zooplankton in this lake appeared capable of removing the total standing stock of heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoplankton in < 1 d. Impacts of ciliated protozoa on nanoplankton, calculated from abundances and literature feeding rates, ranged from approximately one-third to four times that of metazoan predation depending on season and method of calculation. The relative importance of the different groups of predators appears to vary seasonally which is expected to alter the transfer of energy, carbon and nutrients from bacteria to higher trophic levels. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29801. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP SANDERS, RW (reprint author), ACAD NAT SCI PHILADELPHIA,1900 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PKWY,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19103, USA. RI Sanders, Robert/C-1116-2011 OI Sanders, Robert/0000-0001-7264-1059 NR 69 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD AUG 19 PY 1994 VL 288 IS 3 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1007/BF00006240 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PF780 UT WOS:A1994PF78000004 ER PT J AU DUKE, C BON, E REEVES, J MILLER, B CHANCELLOR, B GRIFFIN, M DICKSON, P MILLIANS, D ONEAL, G POSEY, A COOPER, B BURTON, J BOWEN, R MACKEY, S MANRY, S MOWELL, C MCGOWAN, D KENNEBREW, J STEWART, R GALPIN, D BRIDGE, J SMITH, J BRADEN, S SWANK, J TANTE, J WORLEY, J TOOLE, T DILLON, A NOVAK, V JOHNSON, B ROOKES, K HUDSON, B YOUNG, C BELLFLOWER, I CROZIER, D ELLISON, H WALL, J SKIPPER, G BUCHANAN, R MCCLUNG, L MORENO, S STONE, L COSBY, J GODDARD, B JENKINS, E LUCAS, E COCHRAN, T POTTER, S COKER, R BANKS, J TOOMEY, K DRINNON, J DAVIS, K JOHNSON, M ZALESKI, W AF DUKE, C BON, E REEVES, J MILLER, B CHANCELLOR, B GRIFFIN, M DICKSON, P MILLIANS, D ONEAL, G POSEY, A COOPER, B BURTON, J BOWEN, R MACKEY, S MANRY, S MOWELL, C MCGOWAN, D KENNEBREW, J STEWART, R GALPIN, D BRIDGE, J SMITH, J BRADEN, S SWANK, J TANTE, J WORLEY, J TOOLE, T DILLON, A NOVAK, V JOHNSON, B ROOKES, K HUDSON, B YOUNG, C BELLFLOWER, I CROZIER, D ELLISON, H WALL, J SKIPPER, G BUCHANAN, R MCCLUNG, L MORENO, S STONE, L COSBY, J GODDARD, B JENKINS, E LUCAS, E COCHRAN, T POTTER, S COKER, R BANKS, J TOOMEY, K DRINNON, J DAVIS, K JOHNSON, M ZALESKI, W TI FLOOD-RELATED MORTALITY - GEORGIA, JULY 4-14, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 526-530, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30334. FULTON CTY MED EXAMINERS OFF,ATLANTA,GA. SE REG CLIMATOL CTR,COLUMBIA,SC. NATL WEATHER SERV,PEACHTREE CITY,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,SURVEILLANCE & PROGRAMS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 7 BP 508 EP 510 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB229 UT WOS:A1994PB22900007 ER PT J AU TAFT, TA CARDILLO, RC LETZER, D KAUFMAN, CT KAZMIERCZAK, JJ DAVIS, JP AF TAFT, TA CARDILLO, RC LETZER, D KAUFMAN, CT KAZMIERCZAK, JJ DAVIS, JP TI RESPIRATORY ILLNESS ASSOCIATED WITH INHALATION OF MUSHROOM SPORES - WISCONSIN, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 525-526, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TAFT, TA (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MILWAUKEE,WI 53707, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 7 BP 508 EP 508 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB229 UT WOS:A1994PB22900006 ER PT J AU DAVIS, C SMITH, A WALDEN, R BOWER, G CUMMINGS, K DEAN, B RIGSBY, J JUSTICE, P ANDERSON, C BROWN, N MINOR, J GEIGER, EF LAXTON, V CROCKETT, L MCDOUGAL, W HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS AF DAVIS, C SMITH, A WALDEN, R BOWER, G CUMMINGS, K DEAN, B RIGSBY, J JUSTICE, P ANDERSON, C BROWN, N MINOR, J GEIGER, EF LAXTON, V CROCKETT, L MCDOUGAL, W HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS TI VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF RAW OYSTERS - FLORIDA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 446-448, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 JACKSON CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,MARIANNA,AR. WASHINGTON CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,CHIPLEY,FL. DIST 1 HLTH OFF,PENSACOLA,FL. DIST 2 HLTH OFF,TALLAHASSEE,FL. US FDA,FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,STATE HLTH OFF,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP DAVIS, C (reprint author), BAY CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,PANAMA CITY,FL, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 7 BP 510 EP 511 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB229 UT WOS:A1994PB22900008 ER PT J AU CANTWELL, MF SNIDER, DE CAUTHEN, GM ONORATO, IM AF CANTWELL, MF SNIDER, DE CAUTHEN, GM ONORATO, IM TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1985 THROUGH 1992 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISEASE; RISK AB Objective.-To examine the distribution and sources of increased tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in the United States from 1985 through 1992. Design.-Review of TB surveillance data. Participants.-All incident TB cases in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1980 through 1992. Main Outcome Measures.-Changes in reported number of TB cases from 1985 through 1992 were analyzed by sex, race/ethnicity, age, country of birth (1986 through 1992), site of disease, geographic location; and socioeconomic status (through 1991). From 1985 through 1992, reported number of cases was compared with expected number of cases, extrapolated from 1980 through 1984 trends, to estimate excess cases by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Results.-Increases in number of cases from 1985 through 1992 were concentrated among racial/ethnic minorities, persons 25 to 44 years of age, males, and the foreign-born. Excess cases occurred in both sexes, all racial/ethnic groups, and all age groups. Foreign-born cases accounted for 60% of the total increase in the number of US cases from 1986 through 1992 and had the greatest impact among Asians, Hispanics, females, and persons other than those 25 to 44 years of age. Human immunodeficiency virus infection had the greatest impact on TB morbidity among whites, blacks, males, and persons 25 to 44 years of age. From 1985 through 1992, the number of cases among children 4 years old or younger increased 36%, suggesting that transmission of TB increased during this period. Conclusions.-Multiple factors contributed to the recent increases in the number of TB cases. The effectiveness of TB screening in immigrants needs further evaluation. Intensified efforts to determine the human immunodeficiency virus status of persons with TB are needed. Screening of subpopulations at increased risk for tuberculous infection or TB should be expanded. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CANTWELL, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 313 Z9 320 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 17 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 7 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1001/jama.272.7.535 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB229 UT WOS:A1994PB22900031 PM 8046808 ER PT J AU BARZILAY, JI KRONMAL, RA BITTNER, V EAKER, E EVANS, C FOSTER, ED AF BARZILAY, JI KRONMAL, RA BITTNER, V EAKER, E EVANS, C FOSTER, ED TI CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE AND CORONARY-ARTERY BYPASS-GRAFTING IN DIABETIC-PATIENTS AGED GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-65 YEARS (REPORT FROM THE CORONARY-ARTERY SURGERY STUDY [CASS] REGISTRY) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELLITUS; SURVIVAL; RISK; WOMEN; MEN AB A cohort of 317 diabetic patients, aged greater than or equal to 65 years, with angiographically proven coronary artery disease, was analyzed and followed for a mean of 12.8 years. compared with 1,843 age-matched nondiabetic: patients, diabetic patients were more likely to (1) have a higher number of coronary occlusions, (?) not be current smokers, (3) have higher systolic but lower diastolic blood pressures, (4) have evidence of peripheral vascular disease, and (5) be women. They did not differ significantly with respect to total cholesterol, family history of coronary artery disease, history of hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy. In the total elderly cohort, diabetes was found to be an independent predictor of mortality, conferring a 57.0% increased risk of death. Survival analysis showed that diabetic subjects consistently had higher mortality than nondiabetics. However, the relative survival benefit of coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus medical therapy was comparable in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Surgical therapy conferred a reduction in mortality of 44%. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOVASC DIS,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT SOCIAL STAT,SOUTHAMPTON,ENGLAND. UNIV WASHINGTON,COORDINATING CTR COLLABORAT STUDIES CORONARY ARTE,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALBANY MED COLL,DIV CARDIOTHORAC SURG,ALBANY,NY. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 26 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 74 IS 4 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90399-9 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PB381 UT WOS:A1994PB38100005 PM 8059694 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAND, ME PETERSEN, LR MUNN, VP WHITE, CR JOHNSON, ES BUSCH, MP GRINDON, AJ KAMEL, H NESS, PM SHAFER, AW ZEGER, G AF CHAMBERLAND, ME PETERSEN, LR MUNN, VP WHITE, CR JOHNSON, ES BUSCH, MP GRINDON, AJ KAMEL, H NESS, PM SHAFER, AW ZEGER, G TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AMONG HEALTH-CARE WORKERS WHO DONATE BLOOD SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTIONS; HEALTH PERSONNEL; BLOOD DONORS; BLOOD BANKS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ID HIV-INFECTION; MEMBERS AB Objective: To estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among health care workers who donate blood. Design: Point prevalence survey of blood donors. Setting: 20 U.S. blood centers that participate in an ongoing interview study of HIV-seropositive blood donors. Measurements: Prevalence rates for HIV in persons who reported being health care workers were measured directly for 6 of the 20 blood centers. For the other 14 centers, we derived the numerator from the interview study in the same manner used for the 6 centers; we estimated the denominator using blood collection logs at those centers and extrapolations from the survey completed at the 6 blood centers. Results: Between March 1990 and August 1991, 8519 health care workers donated blood at 6 hospitals and other medical facilities. Three persons were HIV seropositive: Two reported being health care workers and having nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection; the occupation and other possible risk factors of the third seropositive donor could not be determined. Therefore, the highest overall prevalence of HIV infection among health care worker donors at these 6 centers was 0.04% (3 of 8519; upper limit of 95% CI, 0.1%). We estimated that during the same period, approximately 36 329 health care workers were tested for HIV at all 20 centers. Twenty-seven persons infected with HIV who donated at hospitals were identified; 7 did not return for interviews, so their health care occupations could not be verified. Thus, the highest estimated overall prevalence of HIV infection among health care worker donors at the 20 centers was 0.07% (27 of 36 329; upper limit of CI, 0.1%). Of the 20 known health care worker donors, 11 reported nonoccupational risks for HIV infection; 3 of the remaining 9 health care workers described occupational blood exposures that could have resulted in transmission of HIV. Conclusions: Blood donors can serve as a sentinel cohort when evaluating the risk for occupationally acquired HIV infection. These findings suggest that among the many health care worker donors in this study, HIV infection attributable to occupational exposure was uncommon. C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. AMER RED CROSS,ATLANTA,GA. AMER RED CROSS,PHILADELPHIA,PA. AMER RED CROSS,BALTIMORE,MD. AMER RED CROSS,DETROIT,MI. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES HOSP,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP CHAMBERLAND, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 4 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB102 UT WOS:A1994PB10200006 PM 8037407 ER PT J AU HIASA, Y KITAHORI, Y NAKAHASHI, K YANE, K KONISHI, N LIN, JC OKAICHI, K OHNISHI, T AF HIASA, Y KITAHORI, Y NAKAHASHI, K YANE, K KONISHI, N LIN, JC OKAICHI, K OHNISHI, T TI KI-RAS ONCOGENE ACTIVATION IN TRANSPLANTABLE RAT-THYROID CARCINOMA INDUCED BY N-BIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)NITROSAMINE SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE THYROID CARCINOMA; N-BIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)-NITROSAMINE; KI-RAS ONCOGENE; CODON 63; POINT MUTATION; RAT ID POINT MUTATION; HA-RAS; CARCINOGENESIS; TUMOR; TUMORIGENESIS; MOUSE; AMPLIFICATION; PROTOONCOGENE; PROGRESSION; MUTAGENESIS AB We have established 17 transplantable rat thyroid carcinoma cell lines from primary thyroid tumors of rats induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) (Cancer Res. (1993) 53, 4408-4412). The present study was designed to evaluate point mutations in the murine c-Ki-ras gene of these carcinoma cell lines. Using PCR amplification and direct sequencing, we found that the activated form of the Ki-ras oncogene was present in 4 (23%) of a total of 17 cell lines, all the Ki-ras gene mutations being GC --> AT transitions. In three of the cell lines, the mutations occurred in codon 12 (GTP-binding domain), and in the remaining one the first nucleotide of codon 63 was affected. Histologically, three of the carcinomas with Ki-ras mutation were diagnosed as well-differentiated carcinomas, and the other as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Mutations of the ras gene are relatively uncommon in tumors of these histological types. From these experimental results, we suggest that the mutation induced by DHPN is due to damage to guanine in cellular DNA. In addition, Ki-ras activation may play an important role in the initiation of thyroid carcinogenesis. C1 NARA MED UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MOLEC BIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HIASA, Y (reprint author), NARA MED UNIV,DEPT PATHOL 2,840 SHIJO CHO,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1994 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90321-2 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA PD151 UT WOS:A1994PD15100032 PM 8062217 ER PT J AU OLNEY, RS KHOURY, MJ BOTTO, LD MASTROIACOVO, P AF OLNEY, RS KHOURY, MJ BOTTO, LD MASTROIACOVO, P TI LIMB DEFECTS AND GESTATIONAL-AGE AT CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, DEPT PAEDIAT, BIRTH DEFECTS UNIT, ROME, ITALY. RP OLNEY, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 13 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8920 BP 476 EP 476 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91808-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB761 UT WOS:A1994PB76100048 PM 7914585 ER PT J AU MORATA, TC FRANKS, JR DUNN, DE AF MORATA, TC FRANKS, JR DUNN, DE TI UNMET NEEDS IN OCCUPATIONAL HEARING CONSERVATION SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID NOISE; SOLVENTS; EXPOSURE RP MORATA, TC (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 13 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8920 BP 479 EP 479 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91813-9 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB761 UT WOS:A1994PB76100053 PM 7914590 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, L GEHA, R AF SCHNEIDER, L GEHA, R TI OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-C ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION - UNITED-STATES, OCTOBER-1993 JUNE-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 505-509, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV TRANSFUS TRANSMITED DIS,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,OFF BLOOD RES & REVIEW,WASHINGTON,DC. NIDDKD,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,BETHESDA,MD. NHLBI,WARREN G MAGNUSON CLIN CTR,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHNEIDER, L (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 424 EP 425 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800006 ER PT J AU GENESE, C HUNG, MJ PAUL, S BROOK, J FINELLI, L SPITALNY, KC MOJICA, BA MOHONEY, KJ HEFFERMAN, RT KONDRACKI, SF MORSE, DL RANKIN, JT HADLER, JL AF GENESE, C HUNG, MJ PAUL, S BROOK, J FINELLI, L SPITALNY, KC MOJICA, BA MOHONEY, KJ HEFFERMAN, RT KONDRACKI, SF MORSE, DL RANKIN, JT HADLER, JL TI OUTBREAK OF PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH A CRUISE SHIP, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 521, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SVCS,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GENESE, C (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 425 EP 425 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800007 ER PT J AU GECEWICZ, TE SARAVO, L LETT, SM KLUDT, PE DEMARIA, A STOBIERSKI, MG JOHNSON, D HALL, W DIETRICH, S STIEFEL, H ROBINSONDUNN, S SHAH, S HUTCHINSON, C MERMEL, LA GIORGIO, CH DAGOSTINO, L RITTMAN, M BANDY, U STOECKEL, M MATYAS, BT AF GECEWICZ, TE SARAVO, L LETT, SM KLUDT, PE DEMARIA, A STOBIERSKI, MG JOHNSON, D HALL, W DIETRICH, S STIEFEL, H ROBINSONDUNN, S SHAH, S HUTCHINSON, C MERMEL, LA GIORGIO, CH DAGOSTINO, L RITTMAN, M BANDY, U STOECKEL, M MATYAS, BT TI LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH COOLING-TOWERS - MASSACHUSETTS, MICHIGAN, AND RHODE-ISLAND, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 491-493, 499, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER; OUTBREAK C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02116. MICHIGAN DEPT CORRECT,LANSING,MI 48909. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. RP GECEWICZ, TE (reprint author), FALL RIVER DEPT PUBL HLTH,PIERRE,SD 57501, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 426 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800008 ER PT J AU BARTLETT, JC MILLER, LS RICE, DP MAX, WB AF BARTLETT, JC MILLER, LS RICE, DP MAX, WB TI MEDICAL-CARE EXPENDITURES ATTRIBUTABLE TO CIGARETTE-SMOKING - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 469-472, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH SOCIAL WELF,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH & AGING,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP BARTLETT, JC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 428 EP 429 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800009 ER PT J AU CHOWDHURY, NH FOWLER, C MYCROFT, FJ JUNG, BC LEHNHERR, M GERGELY, R KEYVANLARIJANI, E RABIN, R CARR, A SOLET, D GERWEL, B STONE, R RANDOLPH, S RHOADES, E BARNETT, M GOSTIN, J MARINO, R PERROTTA, D BEAUDOIN, D TOOF, L KAUFMAN, J HIGGINS, D AF CHOWDHURY, NH FOWLER, C MYCROFT, FJ JUNG, BC LEHNHERR, M GERGELY, R KEYVANLARIJANI, E RABIN, R CARR, A SOLET, D GERWEL, B STONE, R RANDOLPH, S RHOADES, E BARNETT, M GOSTIN, J MARINO, R PERROTTA, D BEAUDOIN, D TOOF, L KAUFMAN, J HIGGINS, D TI ADULT-BLOOD LEAD EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE - UNITED-STATES, 1992-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 483-485, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,OCCUPAT HLTH BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,OCCUPAT DIS REGISTRY,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA 50319. MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM,LEAD POISONING PREVENT PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT LABOR & IND,DIV OCCUPAT HYG,BOSTON,MA 02202. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR CHILD & FAMILY SERV,LANSING,MI. NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SVCS,DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT DIS PREVENT PROJECT,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73117. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR. PENN DEPT HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,HARRISBURG,PA. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,DIV HLTH HAZARD EVALUAT,COLUMBIA,SC. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,AUSTIN,TX 78756. UTAH DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT LABOR & IND,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SVCS,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. RP CHOWDHURY, NH (reprint author), ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL 36111, USA. RI Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008 OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 429 EP 429 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800010 ER PT J AU CHU, SY CONTI, L SCHABLE, BA DIAZ, T AF CHU, SY CONTI, L SCHABLE, BA DIAZ, T TI FEMALE-TO-FEMALE SEXUAL CONTACT AND HIV TRANSMISSION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 433 EP 433 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800014 PM 8040974 ER PT J AU BLOCH, AB SUMARTOJO, E CASTRO, KG AF BLOCH, AB SUMARTOJO, E CASTRO, KG TI DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW-YORK-CITY - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP BLOCH, AB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800022 ER PT J AU LEMP, GF HIROZAWA, AM GIVERTZ, D NIERI, GN ANDERSON, L LINDEGREN, ML JANSSEN, RS KATZ, M AF LEMP, GF HIROZAWA, AM GIVERTZ, D NIERI, GN ANDERSON, L LINDEGREN, ML JANSSEN, RS KATZ, M TI SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG YOUNG HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN - THE SAN-FRANCISCO BERKELEY YOUNG MENS SURVEY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GAY MEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; INTERCOURSE; PREDICTORS; INFECTION; COHORT; RATES AB Objective.-To estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk behaviors among young homosexual and bisexual men sampled from public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley, Calif. Design.-A survey of 425 young homosexual and bisexual men sampled from 26 locations during 1992 and 1993. Participants were interviewed and blood specimens were drawn and tested for HIV, level of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and markers of hepatitis B and syphilis. Setting.-Public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley, including street corners and sidewalks, dance clubs, bars, and parks. Population Studied.-Homosexual and bisexual men aged 17 to 22 years. Main Outcome Measures.-Prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviors. Results.-The HIV seroprevalence was 9.4% (95% confidence interval, 6.8% to 12.6%). The prevalence of markers for hepatitis B was 19.8% (95% confidence interval, 16.1% to 23.9%), and that for syphilis was 1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.3% to 2.4%). The HIV seroprevalence was significantly higher among African Americans (21.2%) than among other racial/ethnic groups (P=.002). Approximately one third (32.7%) of the participants reported unprotected anal intercourse, and 11.8% reported injecting drug use in the previous 6 months. At the time of interview, 70.0% of the HIV-infected men did not know that they were HIV seropositive, and only 22.5% were receiving medical care for HIV infection. Conclusions.-The prevalence of HIV infection is high among this young population of homosexual and bisexual men, particularly among young African-American men. The high rates of HIV-related risk behaviors suggest a considerable risk for HIV transmission in this population. Prevention programs and health services need to be tailored to address the needs of a new generation of homosexual and bisexual men. C1 BERKELEY DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP LEMP, GF (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,25 VAN NES AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU906255-03] NR 13 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 449 EP 454 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800026 PM 8040980 ER PT J AU ADJORLOLOJOHNSON, G DECOCK, KM EKPINI, E VETTER, KM SIBAILLY, T BRATTEGAARD, K YAVO, D DOORLY, R WHITAKER, JP KESTENS, L OU, CY GEORGE, JR GAYLE, HD AF ADJORLOLOJOHNSON, G DECOCK, KM EKPINI, E VETTER, KM SIBAILLY, T BRATTEGAARD, K YAVO, D DOORLY, R WHITAKER, JP KESTENS, L OU, CY GEORGE, JR GAYLE, HD TI PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV-1 AND HIV-2 IN ABIDJAN, IVORY-COAST SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; COTE-DIVOIRE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; WEST-AFRICA; INFECTION; WOMEN; INFANTS; BISSAU; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective.-To compare mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively) and to assess the impact of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections on child survival. Design.-Prospective cohort study. Setting-Maternal and child health center in a lower socioeconomic class district of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Participants.-A total of 18 099 women delivering between 1990 and 1992 were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. A cohort of 613 pregnant women and their infants was followed prospectively (138 women reactive to HIV-1, 132 reactive to HIV-2, 69 reactive to both viruses, and 274 HIV-seronegative). Main Outcome Measures.-Rates of perinatal transmission for HIV-1, HIV-2, and both viruses, determined from results of serological and polymerase chain reaction tests on children; survival of infants born to HIV-1-positive, HIV-2-positive, dually reactive, and HIV-seronegative women. Results-Of the 18 099 women tested, 9.4% were reactive to HIV-1 alone, 1.6% to HIV-2 alone, and 1.0% to both viruses. The rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-1 was 24.7% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 15.8% to 33.7%), compared with 1.2% (95% Cl, 0.0% to 3.5%) for HIV-2 (relative risk, 21.3; 95% Cl, 2.9 to 154.3). Overall, 19.0% (95% Cl, 9.0% to 29.0%) of infants of dually reactive women became infected; of the 11 children concerned, 10 were infected with HIV-1 and one with HIV-1 and HIV-2. Infants of HIV-seropositive mothers had a reduced survival; mortality rates were 15.1, 13.0, 6.5, and 3.4 deaths per 100 child-years, respectively, for children of HIV-1-positive, dually reactive, HIV-2-positive, and HIV-seronegative women. Conclusions-The rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-2 (1.2%) was much lower than the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-1 (24.7%), and this was associated with more favorable survival for infants of HIV-2-infected mothers. Dually reactive women could transmit both viruses, although transmission usually involved HIV-1 only. Public health guidelines should incorporate advice that perinatal transmission of HIV-2 is rare. C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. INST TROP MED,DEPT IMMUNOL,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NR 36 TC 135 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 462 EP 466 DI 10.1001/jama.272.6.462 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800028 PM 8040982 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM EKPINI, E GNAORE, E KADIO, A GAYLE, HD AF DECOCK, KM EKPINI, E GNAORE, E KADIO, A GAYLE, HD TI THE PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF AIDS RESEARCH IN AFRICA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV-INFECTION; COTE-DIVOIRE; RISK-FACTORS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; CASE-DEFINITION; IVORY-COAST; TRANSMISSION AB The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic has led to greatly increased international collaboration for medical research, mainly epidemiologic in nature, in Africa. Greater understanding of HIV/AIDS has resulted, and considerable training and technology transfer have occurred. However, analytic and descriptive research in countries heavily affected by AIDS has been slow to turn to assessment of interventions, and practical benefits to those countries' public health and policies have lagged behind scientific knowledge. This article considers the public health implications of selected HIV/AIDS research in sub-Saharan Africa and discusses opportunities for interventions and more applied research. Topics covered include HIV testing and its role, surveillance, control of sexually transmitted diseases, the vulnerability of youth and women, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS care, and the inadequacy of resources currently committed to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in resource-poor countries. Research on HIV/AIDS in Africa has yielded crucial information but now should prioritize interventions and their evaluation. Specific goals that might limit the effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in resource-poor countries are achievable given vision, commitment, and resources. C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CHU TREICHVILLE,INFECT DIS SERV,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 90 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 10 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 6 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1001/jama.272.6.481 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA278 UT WOS:A1994PA27800031 PM 8040984 ER PT J AU MATHIEU, JJ HENNING, KJ BELL, E FRIEDEN, TR AF MATHIEU, JJ HENNING, KJ BELL, E FRIEDEN, TR TI TYPHOID-FEVER IN NEW-YORK-CITY, 1980 THROUGH 1990 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VI-CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; SALMONELLA-TYPHI; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; TY21A AB Background: Although typhoid fever incidence decreased in the 1960s and 1970s in New York City and elsewhere, it did not disappear. In this article, trends associated with various modes of transmission of Salmonella typhi in New York City patients are described. Methods: Typhoid fever surveillance reports from 1980 to 1990 were reviewed for clinical, demographic, and epidemiologic characteristics. Cases of typhoid fever were classified as travel related or domestically acquired. Results: In all, 479 typhoid cases were identified, of which 67% were travel related. The age groups most frequently affected were children and adolescents. Cases more than doubled in the decade, and the ratio of travelrelated cases to domestically acquired cases increased steadily from 63% to 80%. Travelers to Southeast Asia were at three times higher risk than those visiting South America and eight times higher than those visiting the Caribbean. The case-fatality proportion was 1.5%. Conclusion: The trends of S typhi infection in New York City followed the trends observed in the United States since 1978, which demonstrates the importance of international travel. Although food and water precautions may be effective for short-term travelers, selective use of oral antityphoid vaccines for New York City travelers to high-risk endemic countries should be encouraged. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DIV COMMUNITY MED,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP MATHIEU, JJ (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS INTERVENT,125 WORTH ST,BOX 74,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 8 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 15 BP 1713 EP 1718 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.15.1713 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PA669 UT WOS:A1994PA66900006 PM 8042888 ER PT J AU HIBBS, JR BENNER, L KLUGMAN, L SPENCER, R MACCHIA, I MELLINGER, AK FIFE, D AF HIBBS, JR BENNER, L KLUGMAN, L SPENCER, R MACCHIA, I MELLINGER, AK FIFE, D TI MORTALITY IN A COHORT OF HOMELESS ADULTS IN PHILADELPHIA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MENTAL-HEALTH; DEATH CERTIFICATES; INNER-CITY; TUBERCULOSIS; SHELTERS; ACCURACY; WOMEN; CARE AB Background. Homeless people are at high risk for death from many causes, but age-adjusted death rates for well-defined homeless populations have not been determined. Methods. We identified 6308 homeless persons 15 to 74 years of age who were served by one or both of two agencies for the homeless in Philadelphia between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1988. Using a data base that contained all deaths in Philadelphia and listings of all Philadelphia residents during the same period, we compared the mortality rate for this homeless population with the rate in the general population of Philadelphia. Results. The age-adjusted mortality rate among the homeless was 3.5 times that of Philadelphia's general population (95 percent confidence interval, 2.8 to 4.5). The age-adjusted number of years of potential life lost before the age of 75 years was 3.6 times higher for the homeless people than for the general population (345 vs. 97 years lost per 1000 person-years of observation). Fifty-one of the 96 deaths of homeless persons (53 percent) occurred during the summer months. Mortality rates were higher among the homeless than in the general population for nonwhites, whites, women, and men. Within the homeless cohort, white men and substance abusers had higher mortality rates than other subgroups, but even homeless people not known to be substance abusers had a threefold higher risk of death than members of the general population. Injuries, heart disease, liver disease, poisoning, and ill-defined conditions accounted for 73 percent of all the deaths among the homeless. Conclusions. Homeless adults in Philadelphia have an age-adjusted mortality rate nearly four times that of Philadelphia's general population. White men and substance abusers are at particularly high risk. Matching cohorts of homeless people to death records is a useful way to monitor mortality rates over time, evaluate interventions, and identify subgroups with an increased risk of death. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PENN DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,HARRISBURG,PA. PHILADELPHIA OFF MENTAL HLTH MENTAL RETARDAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA. PHILADELPHIA OFF SERV HOMELESS ADULTS,PHILADELPHIA,PA. PHILADELPHIA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,PHILADELPHIA,PA. RW JOHNSON PHARMACEUT RES INST,SPRING HOUSE,PA 19477. UNIV PENN,DEPT MED,CLIN EPIDEMIOL UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 46 TC 186 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 9 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 4 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 5 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1056/NEJM199408043310506 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NZ227 UT WOS:A1994NZ22700006 PM 8022442 ER PT J AU SIMON, PA SORVILLO, FJ LAPIN, RK AF SIMON, PA SORVILLO, FJ LAPIN, RK TI RACIAL-DIFFERENCES IN THE USE OF DRUG-THERAPY FOR HIV DISEASE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005. RP SIMON, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 4 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 5 BP 333 EP 334 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NZ227 UT WOS:A1994NZ22700029 PM 8022459 ER PT J AU PHELPS, R COLLINS, DE KRAM, JA STOLL, P WROBEL, J DAVIS, R ALDAPE, K HENTON, D SMITH, CL BENJAMIN, B FRANK, L CHANDLER, A PONTIFLET, E GILES, M FANNIN, S BRASHEAR, M ROSENBERG, J EMMONS, R JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW AF PHELPS, R COLLINS, DE KRAM, JA STOLL, P WROBEL, J DAVIS, R ALDAPE, K HENTON, D SMITH, CL BENJAMIN, B FRANK, L CHANDLER, A PONTIFLET, E GILES, M FANNIN, S BRASHEAR, M ROSENBERG, J EMMONS, R JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW TI HUMAN RABIES - CALIFORNIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 455-457, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,MED CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES,CA. ALAMEDA CTY HLTH DEPT,OAKLAND,CA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP PHELPS, R (reprint author), SUMMIT MED CTR,3100 SUMMIT ST,OAKLAND,CA 94609, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 5 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY903 UT WOS:A1994NY90300009 ER PT J AU BOSS, LP TOOLE, MJ YIP, R AF BOSS, LP TOOLE, MJ YIP, R TI ASSESSMENTS OF MORTALITY, MORBIDITY, AND NUTRITIONAL-STATUS IN SOMALIA DURING THE 1991-1992 FAMINE - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STANDARDIZATION OF METHODS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REFUGEES; DISEASE; MALNUTRITION; RATES; SUDAN AB Objectives.-To evaluate the various survey methods used in Somalia between 1991 and early 1993 while assessing documentation of mortality and malnutrition rates and common causes of morbidity and mortality. Data Sources.-Twenty-three population surveys were identified from the Center for Public Health Surveillance for Somalia, the United Nations Children's Fund, and other humanitarian organizations. Study Selection.-Only surveys with defined populations and apparently systematic methodology that focused on mortality, morbidity, and/or nutritional status were included. Results.-Extensive methodological differences were found among the 23 surveys. Target populations and sampling strategies varied widely. Twelve studies were considered not reproducible. Of the 16 studies assessing mortality, only eight assessed cause of death. Use of units of measurement and inclusion of denominators in rate calculations were inconsistent. None of the studies provided confidence intervals around the point estimates of the rates. Of the 11 studies providing information on morbidity, none provided case definitions. And in the 16 studies reporting nutritional status, a variety of measurement methods and definitions of malnutrition were used. Three studies presented information based on mid-upper-arm circumference measurements, and 10 presented weight-for-height data below 70% and 80% of the reference median; only four studies presented z scores. RP BOSS, LP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MS F-57,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 5 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY903 UT WOS:A1994NY90300029 PM 8028168 ER PT J AU MARFIN, AA MOORE, J COLLINS, C BIELLIK, R KATTEL, U TOOLE, MJ MOORE, PS AF MARFIN, AA MOORE, J COLLINS, C BIELLIK, R KATTEL, U TOOLE, MJ MOORE, PS TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SURVEILLANCE DURING EMERGENCY RELIEF TO BHUTANESE REFUGEES IN NEPAL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MORTALITY TRENDS; VERBAL AUTOPSY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; POPULATIONS; THAILAND; SOMALIA; VALIDATION; INTERVIEWS AB Objective.-To implement simplified infectious disease surveillance and epidemic disease control during the relocation of Bhutanese refugees to Nepal. Design.-Longitudinal observation study of mortality and morbidity. Setting.-Refugee health units in six refugee camps housing 73 500 Bhutanese refugees in the eastern tropical lowland between Nepal and India. Interventions.-Infectious disease surveillance and community-based programs to promote vitamin A supplementation, measles vaccination, oral rehydration therapy, and early use of antibiotics to treat acute respiratory infection. Main Outcome Measures.-Crude mortality rate, mortality rate for children younger than 5 years, and cause-specific mortality. Results.-Crude mortality rates up to 1.15 deaths per 10 000 persons per day were reported during the first 6 months of surveillance The leading causes of death were measles, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections. Surveillance data were used to institute changes in public health management including measles vaccination, vitamin A supplementation, and control programs for diarrhea and acute respiratory infections and to ensure rapid responses to cholera, Shigella dysentery, and meningoencephalitis. Within 4 months of establishing disease control interventions, crude mortality rates were reduced by 75% and were below emergency levels. Conclusions.-Simple, sustainable disease surveillance in refugee populations is essential during emergency relief efforts. Data can be used to direct community-based public health interventions to control common infectious diseases and reduce high mortality rates among refugees while placing a minimal burden on health workers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, FT COLLINS, CO USA. SAVE CHILDREN FUND UNITED KINGDOM, LONDON, ENGLAND. WHO, KATMANDU, NEPAL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA USA. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 5 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.1001/jama.272.5.377 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY903 UT WOS:A1994NY90300030 PM 8028169 ER PT J AU SHARP, TW YIP, R MALONE, JD AF SHARP, TW YIP, R MALONE, JD TI US MILITARY FORCES AND EMERGENCY INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE - OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM 3 RECENT MISSIONS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STATES HOSPITAL SHIPS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MORTALITY; POPULATIONS; SOMALIA; REFUGEE; RELIEF; WAR C1 USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD. USN,NATL MED CTR,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 5 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1001/jama.272.5.386 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY903 UT WOS:A1994NY90300032 PM 8028171 ER PT J AU GREEN, GM GORDIS, L BINGHAM, E ESCHENBACHER, W GORMAN, DW MARCUS, M RILEY, LW SCHAUMBURG, HH SINGER, MT SPENGLER, JD SUTULA, TP TAYLOR, RE BASCOM, R BERG, SW BLANCK, RR BOLTON, HT CORTIVEAU, J DAXON, EG EITZEN, EM EVENSON, ET FAGAN, JG FELDMAN, EL FRIEDMAN, GK FRIEDMAN, MJ FRY, SA FUKUDA, K HAGAR, B HELLER, J HYAMS, C IREY, NS JOHNSON, DL KANG, HK MAGILL, AJ MARLOWE, DH MATTISON, DR MILLER, CS MOHR, SN MURPHY, FM ODONNELL, FL PILLEMER, SR ROSS, D ROSWELL, RH SHAYEVITZ, M SIDELL, FR STRAUS, SE TARVER, RS TERR, AI WADE, JV FOX, MA ROBERTSON, S WOLFE, K ZUSPANN, B GERRITY, T BEACH, PEM CAMP, T CUSTIS, DL ETZEL, RA FERGUSON, JH GRIESEMER, R HALL, WH HARLAN, WR HICKMAN, JG KEHRL, H RAUCH, T SPHAR, RL THACKER, S VENEGAS, TN AF GREEN, GM GORDIS, L BINGHAM, E ESCHENBACHER, W GORMAN, DW MARCUS, M RILEY, LW SCHAUMBURG, HH SINGER, MT SPENGLER, JD SUTULA, TP TAYLOR, RE BASCOM, R BERG, SW BLANCK, RR BOLTON, HT CORTIVEAU, J DAXON, EG EITZEN, EM EVENSON, ET FAGAN, JG FELDMAN, EL FRIEDMAN, GK FRIEDMAN, MJ FRY, SA FUKUDA, K HAGAR, B HELLER, J HYAMS, C IREY, NS JOHNSON, DL KANG, HK MAGILL, AJ MARLOWE, DH MATTISON, DR MILLER, CS MOHR, SN MURPHY, FM ODONNELL, FL PILLEMER, SR ROSS, D ROSWELL, RH SHAYEVITZ, M SIDELL, FR STRAUS, SE TARVER, RS TERR, AI WADE, JV FOX, MA ROBERTSON, S WOLFE, K ZUSPANN, B GERRITY, T BEACH, PEM CAMP, T CUSTIS, DL ETZEL, RA FERGUSON, JH GRIESEMER, R HALL, WH HARLAN, WR HICKMAN, JG KEHRL, H RAUCH, T SPHAR, RL THACKER, S VENEGAS, TN TI THE PERSIAN-GULF EXPERIENCE AND HEALTH SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 NIH,OFF MED APPLICAT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,CLIN SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. DIASABLED AMER VET,WASHINGTON,DC. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CORNELL UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT MED,DIV INT MED,NEW YORK,NY. YESHIVA UNIV,ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,CTR NEUROTOXICOL,DEPT NEUROL,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,MADISON,WI. HOWARD UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,CLIN PHARMACOL PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC. VET FOREIGN WARS,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL LEGISLAT COMMISS,AMER LEG,WASHINGTON,DC. DESERT STORM VET ASSOC,HEWITT,TX. US EPA,CLIN RES BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US DEPT HHS,OFF VET AFFAIRS & MIL LIAISON,WASHINGTON,DC. PARALYZED VET AMER,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NIH,OFF MED APPLICAT RES,BETHESDA,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. US DEPT DEF,DEPT VET AFFAIRS,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. US DEPT DEF,DEPT VET AFFAIRS,COMPENSAT & PENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. US DEPT DEF,OFF HLTH AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC. US DEPT DEF,DEPT VET AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC. US DEPT HHS,OFF PUBL AFFAIRS,SPECIAL OUTREACH PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC. RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009 NR 0 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 5 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY903 UT WOS:A1994NY90300033 ER PT J AU NEWTON, JA SCHNEPF, GA WALLACE, MR LOBEL, HO KENNEDY, CA OLDFIELD, EC AF NEWTON, JA SCHNEPF, GA WALLACE, MR LOBEL, HO KENNEDY, CA OLDFIELD, EC TI MALARIA IN US MARINES RETURNING FROM SOMALIA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PREVENTION; TRAVELERS; AFRICA AB Objective.-To identify malaria in US Marines returning from Somalia and to determine their compliance with chemoprophylaxis. Design.-Case series. Setting.-The US Navy health care system. Patients.-Consecutive sample of 106 US Marines diagnosed with malaria after returning from Somalia in 1993. Main Outcome Measures.-Identification of the incidence and clinical features of imported malaria. Determination of compliance with chemoprophylaxis in this cohort. Results.-As of December 20, 1993, there were 112 cases of imported malaria in 106 US Marine Corps personnel returning from Somalia. Plasmodium vivax accounted for 97 (87%) of 112 malaria cases, and Plasmodium falciparum accounted for eight (7%) of 112 cases. Mixed infection with P vivax and P falciparum was noted in six (5%) of 112 cases, and a single case of Plasmodium malariae was identified. Patients with P falciparum malaria were diagnosed a mean of 20.9 days (range, 1 to 82 days) after returning to the United States compared with 91.8 days (range, 7 to 228 days) for P vivax infection (P<.0001). The self-reported chemoprophylaxis compliance rate was 56%; however, only 45 (50%) of 90 patients were given an optimal chemoprophylaxis regimen. Conclusions.-Noncompliance with personal protective measures and chemoprophylaxis contributed to the largest outbreak of imported malaria in US military personnel since the Vietnam conflict. Since military personnel frequently go on leave after deployment, health care providers throughout the United States must be aware of the presence of imported malaria from Somalia. C1 USN,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. USN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA. USN HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,CAMP PENDLETON,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 12 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 3 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 5 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1001/jama.272.5.397 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY903 UT WOS:A1994NY90300034 PM 8028173 ER PT J AU ROGERS, MF CALDWELL, MB GWINN, ML SIMONDS, RJ AF ROGERS, MF CALDWELL, MB GWINN, ML SIMONDS, RJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article ID CHILDBEARING WOMEN; HIV-INFECTION AB Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a growing problem for children worldwide. As of 31 December 1992, 4249 children with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) under 13 years of age had been reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV is transmitted to children predominantly from their mothers. Nearly all cases of HIV infection acquired from blood transfusions in the United States occurred before donor-screening practices were implemented in March 1985. In 1991, approximately 7000 HIV-infected women gave birth to a liveborn infant in the United States, for a prevalence of 1.7 per 1000 women. Despite recent advances in prophylactic therapy for opportunistic infections, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains the most common AIDS-defining illness in children in the United States. If these cases are to be prevented, children born to HIV-infected mothers will need to be identified early and monitored appropriately for CD4+ cell counts to determine the need for prophylaxis. RP ROGERS, MF (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 83 SU 400 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13324.x PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PK300 UT WOS:A1994PK30000003 ER PT J AU BARON, PA DEYE, GJ FERNBACK, J AF BARON, PA DEYE, GJ FERNBACK, J TI LENGTH SEPARATION OF FIBERS SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBROUS AEROSOLS; PARTICLES AB A classifier for separating conductive fibers according to length using dielectrophoresis has been developed and tested. The classifier consisted of two concentric steel cylinders with an annular space having a width of 3.18 mm. A high-voltage alternating field applied between the cylinders caused fibers to drift to the central cylinder. In these experiments, chrysotile fibers were generated from a fluidized bed generator and collected on the central cylinder in the classifier. Fibers collected on the central cylinder were washed off from ten equal length segments and sized by transmission electron microscopy. The median lengths of classified groups of fibers ranged from 8 to 31 mum. The length distributions of these fibers had coefficients of variation ranging from 0.17 to 0.33. The quantity of classified fibers was limited by the aerosol flow rate, which in the current system was 2.13 L/min (total flow rate through the classifier was 5.35 L/min). Limitations in the classification process prevent increasing the fiber throughput significantly except by increasing the concentration of the challenge aerosol. Fiber conductivity is important for accurate classification, but can be readily achieved for fibers of low bulk conductivity by using high humidity air in the classifier. RP BARON, PA (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 21 IS 2 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1080/02786829408959707 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NZ424 UT WOS:A1994NZ42400008 ER PT J AU BUCHBINDER, SP KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA OMALLEY, PM HOLMBERG, SD AF BUCHBINDER, SP KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA OMALLEY, PM HOLMBERG, SD TI LONG-TERM HIV-1 INFECTION WITHOUT IMMUNOLOGICAL PROGRESSION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE NONPROGRESSORS; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; ASYMPTOMATIC HIV INFECTION; BEHAVIORAL COFACTORS; CD4 SLOPE; LABORATORY MARKERS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELL LEVELS; BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RAPID PROGRESSION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; FOLLOW-UP; AIDS; COHORT AB Objective: To identify and describe a subgroup of men infected with HIV for 10-15 years without immunologic progression, and to evaluate the effect of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and recreational drug use on delayed HIV disease progression. Design: Inception cohort study. Setting: Municipal STD clinic. Participants: A total of 588 men with well documented dates of HIV seroconversion and 197 HIV-seronegative controls. Main outcome measures: AIDS, CD4+ count, rate of CD4+ cell loss, CD8+ count, beta(2)-microglobulin, complete blood count, p24 antigen and HIV-related symptoms. Results: Of 588 men, 69% had developed AIDS by 14 years after HIV seroconversion (95% confidence interval, 64-73%). Of 539 men with HIV seroconversion dates prior to 1983, 42 men (8%) were healthy long-term HIV-positives (HLP), HIV-infected greater than or equal to 10 years without AIDS and with CD4+ counts > 500 x 10(6)/l. When compared with progressors (men with HIV seroconversion prior to 1983 but with AIDS or CD4+ counts < 200 x 10(6)/l), HLP had a significantly slower rate of CD4+ decline (6 versus 85 x 10(6)/l cells/year), and less abnormal immunologic, hematologic and clinical parameters. However, when compared with HIV-uninfected controls, HLP demonstrated lower CD4+ counts and mild hematologic abnormalities. There were no consistent differences between HLP and progressors in prior exposure to recreational drugs or STD. Conclusion: There are individuals with long-term HIV infection who appear clinically and immunologically healthy 10-15 years after HIV seroconversion, with stable CD4+ counts. Lack of exposure to STD or recreational drugs does not appear to explain the delayed course of disease progression in HLP. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BUCHBINDER, SP (reprint author), CALIF DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,RES BRANCH,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-8] NR 30 TC 280 Z9 288 U1 1 U2 7 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1994 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1097/00002030-199408000-00014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NZ833 UT WOS:A1994NZ83300013 PM 7986410 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR HENEINE, W COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW SINHA, SD FOLKS, TM AF ZAKI, SR HENEINE, W COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW SINHA, SD FOLKS, TM TI IN-SITU POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION - APPLICATIONS AND CURRENT LIMITATIONS SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; TISSUE-SECTIONS; CELLS; DNA; PROVIRUS; INFECTIONS; PCR RP ZAKI, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1994 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1186 EP 1188 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NZ833 UT WOS:A1994NZ83300025 PM 7986421 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM TI INHIBITION OF HIV-1 EXPRESSION IN LATENTLY AND CHRONICALLY INFECTED-CELLS BY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 SU 1 BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PF066 UT WOS:A1994PF06600025 ER PT J AU GIUSTI, RM GRACIA, F STEPHENS, K FUKUDA, K VITEK, C HARTGE, P LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J AF GIUSTI, RM GRACIA, F STEPHENS, K FUKUDA, K VITEK, C HARTGE, P LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J TI A SEARCH FOR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HTLV-II AMONG GUAYMI PATIENTS, PANAMA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 SU 1 BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PF066 UT WOS:A1994PF06600336 ER PT J AU HAVERKOS, HW DROTMAN, DP HANSON, D AF HAVERKOS, HW DROTMAN, DP HANSON, D TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AIDS-RELATED KAPOSIS-SARCOMA (KS) SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NIDA,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 SU 1 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PF066 UT WOS:A1994PF06600136 ER PT J AU LEMP, G GIVERTZ, D NIERI, G JANSSEN, R LINDEGREN, ML ANDERSON, L KATZ, M HIROZAWA, A AF LEMP, G GIVERTZ, D NIERI, G JANSSEN, R LINDEGREN, ML ANDERSON, L KATZ, M HIROZAWA, A TI PREVALENCE OF HIV-1 AMONG YOUNG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN IN SAN-FRANCISCO (SF) AND BERKELEY, CA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BERKELEY DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,BERKELEY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 SU 1 BP S105 EP S105 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PF066 UT WOS:A1994PF06600311 ER PT J AU VITEK, CR GRACIA, F FUKUDA, K GREEN, D GIUSTI, R KHABBAZ, R LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J BLATTNER, W AF VITEK, CR GRACIA, F FUKUDA, K GREEN, D GIUSTI, R KHABBAZ, R LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J BLATTNER, W TI EVIDENCE FOR SEXUAL AND MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HTLV-II AMONG GUAYMI INDIANS, PANAMA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 SU 1 BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA PF066 UT WOS:A1994PF06600360 ER PT J AU BARON, PA CHEN, CC HEMENWAY, DR OSHAUGHNESSY, P AF BARON, PA CHEN, CC HEMENWAY, DR OSHAUGHNESSY, P TI NONUNIFORM AIR-FLOW IN INLETS - THE EFFECT ON FILTER DEPOSITS IN THE FIBER SAMPLING CASSETTE SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; ASBESTOS; COWL; EFFICIENCY; BENDS; DUST AB Smoke stream studies were combined with a new technique for visualizing a filter deposit from samples used to monitor asbestos or other fibers. Results clearly show the effect of secondary flow vortices within the sampler under anisoaxial sampling conditions. The vortices observed at low wind velocities occur when the inlet axis is situated at angles between 45-degrees and 180-degrees to the motion of the surrounding air. It is demonstrated that the vortices can create a complex nonuniform pattern in the filter deposit, especially when combined with particle settling or electrostatic interactions between the particles and the sampler. Inertial effects also may play a role in the deposit nonuniformity, as well as causing deposition on the cowl surfaces. Changes in the sampler, such as its placement, may reduce these biases. The effects noted are not likely to occur in all sampling situations, but may explain some reports of high variability on asbestos fiber filter samples. The flow patterns observed in this study are applicable to straight, thin-walled inlets. Although only compact particles were used, the air flow patterns and forces involved will have similar effects on fibers of the same aerodynamic diameter. C1 UNIV VERMONT,COLL ENGN & MATH,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP BARON, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. OI Chen, Chih-Chieh/0000-0002-9050-3749 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 55 IS 8 BP 722 EP 732 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<0722:NAFIIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QG206 UT WOS:A1994QG20600007 PM 7942509 ER PT J AU PENDERGRASS, SM AF PENDERGRASS, SM TI AN APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING WORKPLACE EXPOSURE TO O-TOLUIDINE, ANILINE, AND NITROBENZENE SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A comprehensive approach to estimating worker exposure to o-toluidine, aniline, and nitrobenzene using a combination of surface wipe, dermal badge, and air samples is described. Desorption of each sample was accomplished with ethanol followed by analyses using capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Analyte recovery was maximized when the gauze wipes and dermal badges were immediately desorbed in ethanol after sample collection. Sample collection of the airborne analytes was improved over previous solid sorbent samples by using a sampling train consisting of an acid-treated glass fiber filter in series with a large capacity silica gel tube (520/260 mg). The greatest recoveries of aniline and o-toluidine were from the acid-treated glass fiber filters and nitrobenzene from the large capacity silica gel sorbent tubes. The limit of detection for each analyte (1 mug) was approximately 10 times more sensitive than reported in previous National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health methods. Analyte recoveries for air samples were greatest under conditions of moderate relative humidity (53%), moderate sample volumes (< 50 L), and low flow rates (0.2 L/min). The overall relative standard deviation of the analytical method was 4.3%. RP PENDERGRASS, SM (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 55 IS 8 BP 733 EP 737 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QG206 UT WOS:A1994QG20600008 PM 7942510 ER PT J AU HEITBRINK, WA COOPER, TC EDMONDS, MA AF HEITBRINK, WA COOPER, TC EDMONDS, MA TI EVALUATION OF VENTILATED SANDERS IN THE AUTOBODY REPAIR INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Orbital and reciprocating sanders were evaluated in autobody shops to obtain information on the ability of the sanders to control worker dust exposures. Air is exhausted from ventilated sanders at a rate of 0.25 to 1.0 m3/min. When unventilated sanders were used, short-term total dust exposures ranged between 2 and 170 mg/m3. When ventilated sanders were used, short-term total exposures ranged between 0.22 and 1.2 mg/m3. Aerosol photometer measurements showed that ventilation decreased dust exposure by a factor of 10 when body-filling compound was sanded. These results indicate that the use of sanders equipped with high-velocity, low-volume ventilation should be encoraged in the antibody repair industry. RP HEITBRINK, WA (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R5,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 55 IS 8 BP 756 EP 759 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<0756:EOVSIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QG206 UT WOS:A1994QG20600012 PM 7942512 ER PT J AU LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ LU, XP COCIAN, T AF LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ LU, XP COCIAN, T TI MATERNAL FLU, FEVER, AND THE RISK OF NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FEVER; INFLUENZA; NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS ID BIRTH-DEFECTS; HYPERTHERMIA; MALFORMATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPOSURE AB Results of clinical and epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk for neural tube defects (NTD) in infants whose mothers were exposed to heat during pregnancy. However, the risk for NTD in infants whose mothers had influenza during pregnancy has not been well studied. This population-based case-control study of infants born in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, from 1968 through 1980 included 385 infants with NTD, 3,647 infants with other birth defects, and 2,676 infants without birth defects. Of the 385 mothers of case infants, 31 reported having a 2-day or longer episode of flu with fever from 1 month before through 3 months after conception (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-4.7). Infants of mothers who took medications for their episodes of flu with fever had an even higher risk for NTD (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 2.6-7.1). When mothers of infants with birth defects other than NTD were used as controls, an increased risk of NTD remained for flu with fever (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.5). There was no increased risk for NTD among the infants of mothers who reported fever from causes other than flu. Because of the heterogeneity of maternal flu, the individual contributions of infection, fever, and medications remain difficult to disentangle. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP LYNBERG, MC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 52 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 3 BP 244 EP 255 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NZ039 UT WOS:A1994NZ03900005 PM 8030627 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ AF KHOURY, MJ TI CASE-PARENTAL CONTROL METHOD IN THE SEARCH FOR DISEASE-SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Letter ID FACTOR-ALPHA-GENE; CLEFT-LIP; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ASSOCIATION; PALATE RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2 BP 414 EP 415 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA NZ336 UT WOS:A1994NZ33600029 PM 8080552 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, NJ TORRONI, A BROWN, MD LOTT, MT FERNANDEZ, MM WALLACE, DC AF NEWMAN, NJ TORRONI, A BROWN, MD LOTT, MT FERNANDEZ, MM WALLACE, DC TI EPIDEMIC NEUROPATHY IN CUBA NOT ASSOCIATED WITH MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MUTATIONS FOUND IN LEBERS HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY PATIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-ALCOHOL AMBLYOPIA; CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS; COMPLEX-I; CYANIDE; AFFINITIES; DEFICIENCY; PEDIGREES; DISEASES; SEQUENCE; ATROPHY AB An epidemic neuropathy in Cuba has caused bilateral optic neuropathies in more than 26,000 people during the past three years. Various pathogenetic factors have been proposed, including toxins, nutritional deficiencies, and an underlying genetic predisposition involving mitochondrial DNA. As part of a case-control collaborative investigation, 135 Cuban blood samples were analyzed for the most common mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. None of the participants tested were found to have the mitochondrial DNA mutations at nucleotide positions 11778, 3460, 14484, 7444, or 9804. Of 57 definite case subjects and 69 normal control subjects, three case and three control subjects had the mutation at nucleotide position 9438, three different case and three different control subjects had the mutation at position 13708, and one case and one control subject had the mutation at position 15257 in association with the mutation at position 13708. The most common mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy do not appear to be contributing factors in the epidemic neuropathy in Cuba. We also identified a large Cuban family with maternally related members who experienced visual loss consistent with the diagnosis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Maternal family members harbored the highly pathogenetic mutation at nucleotide position 11778. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSURG,ATLANTA,GA. HOSP AMEIJEIRAS,HAVANA,CUBA. CUBAN MINIST PUBL HLTH,HAVANA,CUBA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,HAVANA,CUBA. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP NEWMAN, NJ (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GENET & MOLEC MED,1462 CLIFTON RD NE,ROOM 403,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Torroni, Antonio/E-1557-2011 OI Torroni, Antonio/0000-0002-4163-4478 FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY06360]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS21468, NS30164] NR 54 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 118 IS 2 BP 158 EP 168 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA PA910 UT WOS:A1994PA91000003 PM 8053461 ER PT J AU LE, HH PALAY, DA ANDERSON, B STEINBERG, JP AF LE, HH PALAY, DA ANDERSON, B STEINBERG, JP TI CONJUNCTIVAL SWAB TO DIAGNOSE OCULAR CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR EYE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY06360] NR 3 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 118 IS 2 BP 249 EP 250 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA PA910 UT WOS:A1994PA91000014 PM 8053472 ER PT J AU WARREN, JL BACON, WE HARRIS, T MCBEAN, AM FOLEY, DJ PHILLIPS, C AF WARREN, JL BACON, WE HARRIS, T MCBEAN, AM FOLEY, DJ PHILLIPS, C TI THE BURDEN AND OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH DEHYDRATION AMONG US ELDERLY, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; VACCINE; RISK AB Objectives, De-hydration has been underappreciated as a cause of hospitalization and increased hospital-associated mortality in older people. This study used national data to analyze the burden and outcomes following hospitalizations with dehydration in the elderly. Methods. Data from 1991 Medicare files were used to calculate rates of hospitalization with dehydration, to examine demographic characteristics and concomitant diagnoses associated with dehydration, and to analyze the contribution of dehydration to mortality. Results. In 1991, 6.7% (731695) of Medicare hospitalizations had dehydration listed as one of the five reported diagnoses, a rate of 236.2/10000 elderly Medicare beneficiaries. In 1991, Medicare reimbursed over $446 million for hospitalizations with dehydration as the principal diagnosis. Older people, men, and Blacks had elevated risks for hospitalization with dehydration, Acute infections, such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections, were frequent concomitant diagnoses. About 50% of elderly Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with dehydration died within a year of admission. Conclusions, Hospitalization of elderly people with dehydration is a serious and costly medical problem. Attention should be focused on understanding predisposing factors and devising strategies for prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NIA,EPIDEMIOL DEMOG & BIOMETRY PROGRM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP WARREN, JL (reprint author), HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,RES OFF,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,2504 OAK MEADOWS BLDG,6325 SECUR BLVD,BALTIMORE,MD 21207, USA. NR 20 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1265 EP 1269 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.8.1265 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PC266 UT WOS:A1994PC26600012 PM 8059883 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MS FELDMAN, J SMITH, RA DEBUONO, BA AF RICHARDS, MS FELDMAN, J SMITH, RA DEBUONO, BA TI BREAST BIOPSY RATE AND POSITIVITY IN RHODE-ISLAND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID NONPALPABLE LESIONS; NEEDLE LOCALIZATION; CANCER AB Breast biopsy is a common procedure for which few age-specific, population-based data are available. We identified all women who underwent breast biopsy in Rhode Island in 1989 by reviewing the specimen logs at each of 13 pathology laboratories. Among 425000 women aged 15-97 years, 2685 underwent breast biopsy, for an overall rate of 6/1000. The rate increased with age, peaking among 45- to 54-year-olds and then declining in women over 75. Among those biopsied, 726 were diagnosed with breast cancer, for an overall biopsy positivity of 27%. In contrast to rate, positivity increased steadily with age. These results are within the range of estimates produced by smaller group studies. C1 RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DIV PREVENT HLTH SERV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,OFF DIS CONTROL,PROVIDENCE,RI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1310 EP 1312 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.8.1310 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PC266 UT WOS:A1994PC26600021 PM 8059892 ER PT J AU EISCHEN, MH BROWNSON, RC DAVIS, JR COOPERSTOCK, LR CRAWFORD, R FREEMAN, D HOWARD, G MICHAEL, MJ AF EISCHEN, MH BROWNSON, RC DAVIS, JR COOPERSTOCK, LR CRAWFORD, R FREEMAN, D HOWARD, G MICHAEL, MJ TI GRASS-ROOTS EFFORTS TO PROMOTE TOBACCO-FREE SCHOOLS IN RURAL MISSOURI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,MO. HANNIBAL REG HOSP,HANNIBAL,MO. AMER CANC SOC,MISSOURI DIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. AMER LUNG ASSOC EASTERN MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO. AREA HLTH EDUC CTR,MACON,MO. RP EISCHEN, MH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MAILSTOP K50,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R18 CA43463-01] NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1336 EP 1337 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PC266 UT WOS:A1994PC26600029 PM 8059900 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK FRUMKIN, H AF NOJI, EK FRUMKIN, H TI MORE ON DISASTER PREPARATION BY SCHOOLS OF PUBLIC-HEALTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,MAILSTOP F46,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1341 EP 1342 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.8.1341 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PC266 UT WOS:A1994PC26600034 PM 8059905 ER PT J AU PEIRIS, JSM AMERASINGHE, PH AMERASINGHE, FP CALISHER, CH PERERA, LP ARUNAGIRI, CK MUNASINGHA, NB KARUNARATNE, SHPP AF PEIRIS, JSM AMERASINGHE, PH AMERASINGHE, FP CALISHER, CH PERERA, LP ARUNAGIRI, CK MUNASINGHA, NB KARUNARATNE, SHPP TI VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM MOSQUITOS COLLECTED IN SRI-LANKA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; GETAH VIRUS; INFECTION; VECTOR AB Attempts to isolate viruses from 178,181 unengorged female mosquitoes collected from different ecologic areas of Sri Lanka yielded 31 isolates: 17 of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, nine of Getah virus, three of a Batai-related bunyavirus, and two of Arkonam virus. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes were found to carry JE virus in a dry zone nonepidemic area, and Cx. pseudovishnui was found to carry it in a wet zone nonepidemic area. Japanese encephalitis virus was isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. fuscocephala, and Cx. whitmorei during a human epidemic in the dry zone. Getah virus was isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, and Cx. fuscocephala collected in the vicinity of swine. Isolations of Getah, Arkonam, and Batai-related viruses from Sri Lanka are reported for the first time. C1 UNIV PERADENIYA,FAC SCI,DEPT ZOOL,PERADENIYA,SRI LANKA. UNIV PERADENIYA,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,PERADENIYA,SRI LANKA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 51 IS 2 BP 154 EP 161 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PF850 UT WOS:A1994PF85000004 PM 7915499 ER PT J AU REDD, SC WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW AF REDD, SC WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW TI RISK-FACTORS FOR ANEMIA IN YOUNG-CHILDREN IN RURAL MALAWI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM MALARIA; BLOOD; ZAIRE; MORTALITY; KINSHASA AB Anemia is an increasingly recognized health problem in African children. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for anemia in young children, we enrolled 252 pregnant women and studied their newborn infants in Mangochi District in southern Malawi. At the first follow-up visit after birth at approximately two months of age, the mean hematocrit value of the 252 infants was 29.5%, and 64 infants (25%) were anemic (hematocrit value < 25%). Placental malaria infection was the strongest risk factor for an infant having anemia at the first follow-up (relative risk = 2.0, P = 0.003). Infants who had Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia at the first follow-up had lower hematocrit values than infants without parasitemia (median 28% versus 31%; P = 0.02). Neither the mother's hematocrit at enrollment, her hematocrit at delivery, sex of the infant, nor fever illness in the infant was associated with having a hematocrit less than 25% at the first follow-up. Although infants with hematocrit values less than 25% were more likely than infants with higher hematocrit values to die during the first year of life, this difference was not statistically significant (relative risk = 1.7, P = 0.15). In rural Malawi, anemia commonly affects young infants, is acquired early in life, and is probably a risk factor for death in infancy. Strategies to reduce anemia in infants must address P. falciparum infection, both during pregnancy and in the first few months of life. C1 UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. MALAWI MINIST HLTH,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 51 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PF850 UT WOS:A1994PF85000006 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL AF COLLINS, WE GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL TI SELECTION OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM FOR TESTING BLOOD-STAGE VACCINES IN AOTUS-NANCYMAI MONKEYS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Three strains of Plasmodium falciparum, Vietnam Oak Knell (FVO), Uganda Pale Alto (Hawaii) (FUP-H) and Uganda Pale Alto (Cayenne) (FUP-C), were examined in 154 Aotus nancymai monkeys as suitable models for testing blood-stage vaccines. The Vietnam Oak Knell strain had the greatest number of animals with maximum parasite counts > 200,000/mu 1. Uniformity of the parasitemia curve increased from passage 4 to passage 6 with an accompanying decrease in the number of days required to reach maximum parasitemia or required treatment. The Uganda Pale Alto (Hawaii) strain was highly infectious, but many animals had extended prepatent periods and extended days to maximum parasitemia. The FUP-H strain would require a greater number of animals per test group to detect partial protection because of the greater number of low-density maximum parasite counts in control animals. The Uganda Pale Alto (Cayenne) strain was poorly adapted to intact A. nancymai. However, five of six splenectomized monkeys inoculated during passage 6 with 10(5) parasites had maximum parasite counts > 200,000/mu 1. For the testing of vaccines against primary parasitemia in the A. nancymai model system, the FVO at passage 4 level would appear preferable to passage 6 parasites following a challenge with 10(5) parasites. A similar pattern could be obtained using FUP-H if the challenge was 10(6) parasites. To measure immune memory against recrudescence or rechallenge infection, FUP-C at an early passage in splenectomized A. nancymai would appear to be the appropriate model. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 5 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 51 IS 2 BP 224 EP 232 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PF850 UT WOS:A1994PF85000015 PM 8074257 ER PT J AU PINNIX, IB GUZMAN, GS BONKOVSKY, HL ZAKI, SR KINKADE, JM AF PINNIX, IB GUZMAN, GS BONKOVSKY, HL ZAKI, SR KINKADE, JM TI THE POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING OF MYELOPEROXIDASE IS REGULATED BY THE AVAILABILITY OF HEME SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MYELOPEROXIDASE; HL-60 CELLS; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; SUCCINYLACETONE; HEME; HEMOPROTEINS; 5-AMINOLEVULINATE DEHYDRATASE ID LEUKEMIA HL-60 CELLS; MURINE ERYTHROLEUKEMIA-CELLS; MYELOID LYSOSOMAL-ENZYME; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MESSENGER-RNA; ACTIVE-SITE; LINE HL-60; PROTEIN AB Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a hemoprotein that is synthesized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a single-chain precursor and undergoes a complex series of post-translational modifications prior to packaging into azurophilic granules. We and others have previously observed that treatment of human myeloid leukemic cells with succinylacetone (SA), a potent inhibitor of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D), and hence of heme biosynthesis, resulted in loss of MPO enzyme activity, inhibition of the appearance of mature MPO, and accumulation of enzymatically unreactive, but immunoreactive, MPO in the ER. The present study using HL-60 cells was undertaken to establish the nature and specificity of the inhibition by SA and to identify and quantify the biochemical changes in the post-translational pathway of MPO processing. Dose-response studies showed that SA (250 mu M) did not affect cell viability or growth up to 72 h, but resulted in inhibition of ALA-D activity (>93%) and decreased cellular levels of both heme and MPO (similar to 25% of control). There were no effects on the level of total cellular protein or on the activities of lactate dehydrogenase or several other nonheme enzymes colocalized with MPO in azurophilic granules. Northern blot analyses confirmed the nontoxic nature of the conditions and indicated there was no effect on transcription of MPO mRNA. The kinetics of processing in the presence and absence of 250 mu M SA were determined using pulse-chase and Percoll density gradient centrifugation methods, followed by identification and quantification of MPO species by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The initial rate of disappearance of precursor MPO was identical for control and SA-treated cells and, after a lag of 2-3 h, there was a fourfold decrease in the rate of appearance of mature MPO in SA-treated cells. In the presence of SA, precursor apoMPO remained in the ER, did not undergo proteolytic processing and, compared to control cells, about 50% was degraded. The disruption in MPO processing was reversible by the addition of exogenous heme. We conclude that the availability of heme is important in the complex maturation of MPO that occurs in the ER, events which precede exit from this compartment and subsequent proteolytic processing and transport to the azurophilic granule. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30329. FU NCI NIH HHS [NCI CA22294]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 38825] NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 312 IS 2 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1006/abbi.1994.1331 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA NX805 UT WOS:A1994NX80500017 PM 8037458 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA SCHIDLOW, DV TABLAN, OC CARSON, LA CLARK, NC JARVIS, WR AF PEGUES, DA SCHIDLOW, DV TABLAN, OC CARSON, LA CLARK, NC JARVIS, WR TI POSSIBLE NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC-FIBROSIS SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; COLONIZATION AB Objective: To determine whether nosocomial transmission of Pseudomonas cepacia occurred at a hospital with endemic P cepacia infection of patients with cystic fibrosis. Design: Two retrospective case-control studies. Setting: A large pediatric cystic fibrosis center. Participants: To assess risk factors for acquisition of P cepacia, 18 cases, defined as any patient with cystic fibrosis with first documented isolation of P cepacia in 1988 or 1989, were compared with 18 matched P cepacia-negative controls with cystic fibrosis. To assess potential modes of nosocomial P cepacia transmission, 14 cases with a hospitalization(s) between their last P cepacia-negative culture and first P cepacia-positive culture were compared with 14 hospitalized P cepacia-negative controls with cystic fibrosis. Methods: Handwiping cultures (N=68) and selective environmental cultures were performed. Main Results: Cases tended to be more likely than controls to have been hospitalized at the cystic fibrosis center in the 3 months before their first P cepacia-positive culture (P=.08). In addition, cases tended to be more likely than hospitalized controls with cystic fibrosis to have had a P cepacia-positive roommate (P=.06) before becoming colonized with P cepacia organisms. Pseudomonas cepacia was cultured from the hands of two individuals: a P cepacia-colonized patient who had just undergone chest physiotherapy and consequent coughing and the investigator who shook the P cepacia-positive patient's hand after the patient's procedure. Conclusions: These results suggest that in this cystic fibrosis center, hospitalization is a risk factor for P cepacia acquisition and that person-to-person transmission of P cepacia may occur in the hospital via hand contact. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PEDIAT PULM SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 148 IS 8 BP 805 EP 812 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PB264 UT WOS:A1994PB26400005 PM 7519103 ER PT J AU MYERS, GL COOPER, GR SAMPSON, EJ AF MYERS, GL COOPER, GR SAMPSON, EJ TI TRADITIONAL LIPOPROTEIN PROFILE - CLINICAL UTILITY, PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, AND STANDARDIZATION SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Frontiers in Lipid and Lipoprotein Research: Basic Science, Analytical, Clinical, and Public Health Applications CY SEP 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER ASSOC CLIN CHEM, LIPIDS & LIPOPROTEINS DIV, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, AMER HEART ASSOC DE CHOLESTEROL; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDE; LDL-CHOLESTEROL; STANDARDIZATION; LIPOPROTEIN PROFILE ID TOTAL SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LIPID MEASUREMENTS; TRIGLYCERIDE; BLANKING; GLYCEROL; PROGRAM; CENTERS; PLASMA AB The lipid and lipoprotein parameters which are predominantly measured and effectively comprise the traditional lipoprotein profile include total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride. Total cholesterol is accepted as the initial entry point in a case finding approach such as that recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). HDL cholesterol, known to be a strong inverse predicator of risk, is an additional measurement to total cholesterol to improve risk assessments. The evidence:for triglyceride association remains mixed: although strong associations are found in some studies, the evidence as an independent risk factor is still incomplete. Triglyceride is therefore measured primarily for LDL estimation. Final classification and potential intervention is ultimately based on the measurement of LDL cholesterol. Reliability in the measurement of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride is especially important if the uniform decision points established by the NCEP are to be properly implemented. Attention must be placed on controlling preanalytical sources of variation, which can account for as much as 60% of the total measurement variability. The major analytical source of error comes from matrix effects, which results in problems of proper analytical calibration. Instrument system calibration should be verified by a comparison with an accuracy base using fresh patient specimens. CDC has established a network of reference method laboratories to provide access to these lipid and lipoprotein accuracy bases. RP MYERS, GL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 1994 VL 108 SU S BP S157 EP S169 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90161-9 PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PM550 UT WOS:A1994PM55000014 PM 7802722 ER PT J AU RIFAI, N MYERS, GL STEIN, EA AF RIFAI, N MYERS, GL STEIN, EA TI FRONTIERS IN LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN RESEARCH - BASIC SCIENCE, ANALYTICAL, CLINICAL, PUBLIC-HEALTH APPLICATIONS - ATLANTA, GA, USA, 19-21-SEPTEMBER-1993 - INTRODUCTION SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,CLIN CHEM LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,SPECIAL ACTIV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MED RES LABS,CINCINNATI,OH. CHRIST HOSP,CARDIOVASC RES CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45219. DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CINCINNATI,OH. RP RIFAI, N (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 1994 VL 108 SU S BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90148-1 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PM550 UT WOS:A1994PM55000001 ER PT J AU LUNDEGARDH, G ADAMI, HO HELMICK, C ZACK, M AF LUNDEGARDH, G ADAMI, HO HELMICK, C ZACK, M TI RISK OF CANCER FOLLOWING PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY FOR BENIGN ULCER DISEASE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PEPTIC-ULCER; GASTRIC-SURGERY; DUODENAL-ULCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; SMOKING; COHORT AB The relative risk of developing cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease, expressed as the standardized incidence ratio, was examined in a population-based cohort comprising 6459 patients operated on between 1950 and 1958. Follow-up to 1983 revealed 1112 patients with cancer versus 1128 expected cases (relative risk 1.0 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.9-1.1)). The overall risk increased over time; it was higher in younger than in older patients but was not related to sex, surgical procedure (Billroth I or II gastrectomy) or diagnosis at operation (duodenal or stomach ulcer). There was an increased risk for lung cancer (relative risk 1.5 (95 per cent c.i. 1.2-1.7)), for oesophageal cancer in patients operated on for stomach ulcer (relative risk 2.2 (95 per cent c.i. 1.0-4.2)) and for cancer of the biliary tract in men (relative risk 1.9 (95 per cent c.i. 1.2-2.9)) and in those operated on for duodenal ulcer (relative risk 1.7 (95 per cent c.i. 1.0-2.8)). The overall risk for genital cancer in women was unchanged but decreased with increasing duration of follow-up and age. Cancers of the nervous system occurred less frequently than expected (relative risk 0.5 (95 per cent c.i. 0.3-0.8)), while the risk for cancer of the buccal cavity, lymphatic and haematopoietic systems, pancreas, breast, prostate, kidney and bladder was unchanged. C1 LULEA BODEN HOSP,DEPT SURG,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5 RO1 CA 40264-02] NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0007-1323 J9 BRIT J SURG JI Br. J. Surg. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1164 EP 1167 DI 10.1002/bjs.1800810827 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA PB733 UT WOS:A1994PB73300025 PM 7953349 ER PT J AU STANFORD, MR KASP, E WHISTON, R HASAN, A TODRYK, S SHINNICK, T MIZUSHIMA, Y DUMONDE, DC VANDERZEE, R LEHNER, T AF STANFORD, MR KASP, E WHISTON, R HASAN, A TODRYK, S SHINNICK, T MIZUSHIMA, Y DUMONDE, DC VANDERZEE, R LEHNER, T TI HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN-PEPTIDES REACTIVE IN PATIENTS WITH BEHCETS-DISEASE ARE UVEITOGENIC IN LEWIS RATS SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; PEPTIDES; BEHCETS DISEASE; UVEITIS; LEWIS RATS ID T-CELL EPITOPE; ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS; STRESS PROTEINS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; MYCOBACTERIA; INDUCTION; AUTOIMMUNITY; TUBERCULOSIS; CARTILAGE AB Mycobacterial and homologous human heat shock protein T cell peptide epitopes specific for T lymphocytes in Behcet's disease were investigated for their pathogenicity in Lewis rats. The potential pathogenicity of eight peptides and two controls was assessed by administering the peptides in enriched Freund's adjuvant into the footpads of male Lewis rats. Anterior uveitis which is a major manifestation of Behcet's disease was induced with two out of the four mycobacterial and all four homologous human peptides. The most effective peptides inducing iridocyclitis in 64-75% of rats were peptides with amino acids 336-351 and 136-150, derived from the sequence of the human 60-kD heat shock protein. A few of the rats also showed evidence of focal loss of photoreceptors. These results suggest that selected peptides within heat shock protein 60 kD which function as T cell epitopes in Behcet's disease are capable of inducing uveitis in rats. This supports the view that the peptide T cell determinants may be involved in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease. C1 UNITED MED & DENT SCH,DEPT IMMUNOL,DIV IMMUNOL,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST MARIANNA UNIV,KAWASAKI,JAPAN. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RI van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015 OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755 NR 33 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 97 IS 2 BP 226 EP 231 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA NZ827 UT WOS:A1994NZ82700010 PM 7519530 ER PT J AU DRANCOURT, M MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA MAURIN, M CHOUX, M RAOULT, D AF DRANCOURT, M MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA MAURIN, M CHOUX, M RAOULT, D TI BRAIN-ABSCESS DUE TO GORDONA-TERRAE IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILD - CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY G-TERRAE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RHODOCHROUS COMPLEX; GENUS RHODOCOCCUS; IDENTIFICATION; PROBE AB A brain abscess complicated antineoplastic chemotherapy for a primary cerebral rhabdoid tumor in an immunocompromised boy. Culture of purulent exudate obtained by surgical puncture of an intracranial hematoma yielded a gram-positive microorganism initially identified as a Rhodococcus species by conventional biochemical analysis; however, the isolate was subsequently identified as Gordona terrae by ribosomal DNA analysis. To our knowledge, this is the third case of human infection caused by G. terrae and the first case of a brain abscess due to this organism. As this case demonstrates, this species may cause opportunistic invasive infection in severely immunocompromised patients. The identity of clinical isolates believed to be G. terrae should be confirmed by molecular methods until better species-specific phenotypic markers become available. C1 CHU TIMONE,SERV NEUROCHIRURG PEDIAT,F-13385 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DRANCOURT, M (reprint author), CHU TIMONE,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,BLVD JEAN MOULIN,F-13385 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. RI Maurin, Max/D-8164-2014 OI Maurin, Max/0000-0003-4156-3208 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 19 IS 2 BP 258 EP 262 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PB655 UT WOS:A1994PB65500004 PM 7986897 ER PT J AU WAGENER, DK HARRIS, T MADANS, JH AF WAGENER, DK HARRIS, T MADANS, JH TI PROTEINURIA AS A BIOMARKER - RISK OF SUBSEQUENT MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION; SMOKING AB A standard laboratory renal assessment, concentration of albumin in urine, has been suggested as a biomarker of renal damage, but little data exist on its ability to predict health outcomes in the general population. This 16-year follow-up study of a general population evaluated the utility of this assessment to predict subsequent serious health consequences. Four percent of men and 2% of women aged 45-74 years exhibited proteinuria in a cross-sectional screening of an ambulatory population, with the percentage increasing with age. The finding of proteinuria was predictive of serious health consequences, with adjusted relative risks for subsequent mortality of 1.71 for men and 1.84 for women and adjusted relative risks for renal disease incidence of 3.46 in men and 1.39 in women. Controlling for those factors which might be associated with proteinuria and even excluding early cases did not alter these findings. These data support that casual proteinuria should be considered as a marker for risk of poor health outcomes. C1 NIA, BETHESDA, MD 20816 USA. RP WAGENER, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 EI 1096-0953 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1006/enrs.1994.1052 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PC107 UT WOS:A1994PC10700004 ER PT J AU OSHIMA, KH HIGHSMITH, AK ADES, EW AF OSHIMA, KH HIGHSMITH, AK ADES, EW TI REMOVAL OF INFLUENZA-A VIRUS, PHAGE T1, AND PP7 FROM FLUIDS WITH A NYLON 0.04-MU-M MEMBRANE-FILTER SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND WATER QUALITY LA English DT Article AB We tested the ability of a 0.04-mum nylon membrane filter to remove viral agents (influenza A virus, 80-120 nm; phage T1, 50-150 nm; and phage PP7, 25 nm) from the following media: ultrapure water (UPW), Dulbecco's modified Eagle minimum essential medium (DMEM), gelatin phosphate (GP), DMEM with 10% (DMEM-10) fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 100% FBS. When challenged with at least 3.0 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/mL, no influenza A virus was detected downstream of the filter with any of the fluids tested. The titer reduction (Tr) was determined using the equation: Tr = Concentration Input (PFU/mL)/Concentration Filtrate (PFU/mL) Higher concentrations of phage Tl were removed from UPW (Tr = 1.6 x 10(6)) and DMEM (Tr = 1.1 x 10(6)) than from GP (Tr = 9.3 x 10(3)), DMEM-10 (Tr = 1.5 X 10(2)), and 100% FBS (Tr = 2.4 x 10(2)). Phage PP7 was removed in significant numbers only in ultrapure water (Tr = 8.5 x 10(4)). The results indicate that adsorption enhanced the titer reduction in fluids containing low levels of protein. The titer reduction in DMEM-10 and 100% FBS may reflect the sieving properties of the 0.04-mum filter. As expected, a much smaller Tr was observed in the filtrate of the 0.2-mum filters, compared to the 0.04 mum filters. In contrast to the 0.04-mum filter, no increase in Tr was detected when the 0.2-mum filters were challenged with virus diluted in UPW compared with virus diluted in GP. These results suggest that the 0.04-mum filter has greater adsorptive properties than the 0.2-mum filter. (C) 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP OSHIMA, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1053-4725 J9 ENVIRON TOXIC WATER JI Environ. Toxicol. Water Quality PD AUG PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1002/tox.2530090302 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA PA019 UT WOS:A1994PA01900001 ER PT J AU COX, NJ BRAMMER, TL REGNERY, HL AF COX, NJ BRAMMER, TL REGNERY, HL TI INFLUENZA - GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE FOR EPIDEMIC AND PANDEMIC VARIANTS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Meeting of Influenza and its Prevention CY SEP 23-24, 1993 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE; INFLUENZA VARIANTS; INFLUENZA VACCINE AB Influenza viruses, unlike other viruses for which vaccines have been developed, undergo rapid and unpredictable antigenic variation in the hemagglutinin (HA), the surface glycoprotein primarily responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies during infection. Because of this antigenic variability and its consequences, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1947 established an international network of collaborating laboratories to monitor the emergence and spread of new epidemic and pandemic strains of influenza. This network now includes three international WHO collaborating centers and over 100 WHO national collaborating laboratories. The primary purpose of this network is to detect, through laboratory surveillance, the emergence and spread of antigenic variants of influenza that may signal a need to update the formulation of the influenza vaccine. This laboratory surveillance network has provided the strains needed to update the vaccine as well as a repository of influenza viruses useful for studying the antigenic and genetic evolution of this virus. Knowledge gained from molecular studies on the evolution of drift variants and on the emergence of pandemic strains has made influenza a useful model for understanding the potential threat of other emerging or reemerging microbial diseases. RP COX, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WHO COLLABORATING CTR SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOL & CO,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 467 EP 470 DI 10.1007/BF01719678 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PQ407 UT WOS:A1994PQ40700022 PM 7843358 ER PT J AU ETZEL, RA AF ETZEL, RA TI ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSION; HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; LUNG-CANCER RISK; PASSIVE SMOKING; MATERNAL SMOKING; OTITIS-MEDIA; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; PARENTAL SMOKING RP ETZEL, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP F-39,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 14 IS 3 BP 621 EP 633 PG 13 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA PC479 UT WOS:A1994PC47900010 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, EL BOWERS, T MINK, CM KENNEDY, DJ BELSHE, RB HARAKEH, H PAIS, L HOLDER, P CARLONE, GM AF ANDERSON, EL BOWERS, T MINK, CM KENNEDY, DJ BELSHE, RB HARAKEH, H PAIS, L HOLDER, P CARLONE, GM TI SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF MENINGOCOCCAL A-POLYSACCHARIDE AND C-POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE IN ADULTS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; DECLINE; DISEASE; INFANTS; AGE AB A meningococcal vaccine containing group A and C polysaccharides conjugated to CRM,,, was evaluated in 50 adults. Vaccinees were entered into one of five groups: 30 adults received a single dose of either 22, 11, or 5.5 mu g of the conjugated A-C vaccine; 10 received an approved meningococcal vaccine; and 10 received saline injections. Local and systemic reactions to vaccines were recorded, and immune responses were determined. The experimental meningococcal vaccine was well tolerated, with the most frequent reaction being pain at the injection site. Both A and C polysaccharide components of the experimental vaccine were highly immunogenic, and total antibody concentrations 1 month postvaccination were not significantly different from the mean antibody concentrations among adults given the approved meningococcal vaccine. In addition, significant rises in immunoglobulin G, A, and M antibodies to both A and C polysaccharides occurred. Antibody concentrations measured at 6 and 12 months postvaccination had declined but remained significantly higher than prevaccination concentrations. Postvaccination meningococcal group C functional antibody activity increased more than 600-fold for both the polysaccharide and the conjugate vaccines. Further studies of this conjugated meningococcal vaccine are indicated for young children and infants. C1 ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CTR VACCINE DEV,DIV INFECT DIS,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT BIOL,BEIRUT,LEBANON. RP ANDERSON, EL (reprint author), ST LOUIS UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,DIV INFECT DIS,3635 VISTA AVE,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-05051] NR 24 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 62 IS 8 BP 3391 EP 3395 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NY872 UT WOS:A1994NY87200046 PM 8039909 ER PT J AU ETZEL, RA ASHLEY, DL AF ETZEL, RA ASHLEY, DL TI VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN THE BLOOD OF PERSONS IN KUWAIT DURING THE OIL FIRES SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE BENZENE; ETHYLBENZENE; XYLENE; STYRENE; TOLUENE ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; GENERAL-POPULATION; REFERENCE VALUES; EXPOSURE; HYDROCARBONS; GASOLINES; BENZENE; TOLUENE AB Between March and November of 1991, approximately 9000 workers from 43 different countries battled the burning oil wells in Kuwait. To document the exposure of persons in Kuwait during the oil well fires to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we obtained samples of blood from 14 U.S. personnel in Kuwait City in May of 1991 (group I) and 40 American firefighters working in the oil fields in October of 1991 (group II). Concentrations of VOCs in group I and group II were compared with those of a random sample of 114 persons in the United States (reference group). The median concentrations of VOCs in group I were equal to or lower than those in the reference group. We found significant differences between the median concentrations of several VOCs in group II and the reference group. Median levels of ethylbenzene were about 10 times higher among group II than among the reference group (0.53 mu g/l vs 0.052 mu g/l). Median levels of benzene, m-/p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, and toluene among group II were more than double those of the reference group. Although firefighters had higher median concentrations of VOCs than the reference group, those American personnel in Kuwait not involved in fighting the oil fires had concentrations of VOCs comparable to those in the reference group. Blood VOC measurements indicate a significant increase in exposure to VOCs in firefighters, but do not demonstrate this in personnel in Kuwait City. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1007/BF00383368 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PE031 UT WOS:A1994PE03100010 PM 7806395 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J PAMUK, E FLEGAL, KM KENDRICK, JS SERDULA, MK AF WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J PAMUK, E FLEGAL, KM KENDRICK, JS SERDULA, MK TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF CHILDBEARING AND 10-YEAR WEIGHT-GAIN IN US WHITE WOMEN 25 TO 45 YEARS OF AGE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE CHILDBEARING; OBESITY; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT GAIN ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; PREGNANCY WEIGHT; MASS INDEX; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; BLACK; POSTPARTUM; RETENTION; PARITY AB Although birth rates to US women aged 25 and older have increased markedly over the last two decades, accurate estimates of the long-term weight gain associated with childbearing are not available for older mothers in the general population. We examined the effect of childbearing on weight change in 2547 white women aged 25-45 years who were initially weighed in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971-75) and who were reweighed an average of 10 years later. Linear and logistic regression estimates were adjusted for duration of follow-up, age, body mass index, initial parity, education, smoking, drinking, employment status, marital status, illness, physical activity, and dieting to lose weight. Compared to parous women who did not give birth during the study period, the mean excess weight gain was 1.6 kg (95% Confidence Limits, +/- 2.3 kg) for nulliparous women, and was 1.7 kg (+/- 1.1 kg), 1.7 kg (+/- 2.0 kg), and 2.2 kg (+/- 4.3 kg), for women having one, two and three live births, respectively. Among women who were nulliparous at baseline, those that had their live births during the study period gained similar amounts of weight to that of women who began childbearing before the beginning of the study. The risk of gaining more than 13 kg was increased by 40%60%, and the risk of becoming overweight was increased by 60%-110% in women having live births during the study. We conclude that the average weight gain associated with childbearing after the age of 25 is quite modest in US white women. However, for some women who give birth after the age of 25 the risks of major weight gain and becoming overweight are increased in association with childbearing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 38 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 7 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 18 IS 8 BP 561 EP 569 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA NZ775 UT WOS:A1994NZ77500009 PM 7951478 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF MUSSOLINO, ME AF GILLUM, RF MUSSOLINO, ME TI WHITE BLOOD-CELL COUNT AND HYPERTENSION INCIDENCE - THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYPERTENSION; FEMALE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLACKS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; UNITED STATES ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; RISK-FACTORS; INFORMATION; SMOKING; RATS AB To test the hypothesis that elevated white blood cell count (WBC) is associated with increased incidence of essential hypertension, data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) were analyzed. Incidence of hypertension was determined in a cohort of 5782 white and 674 black persons with complete data who were normotensive at baseline. There was a statistically significant increase of about 50% in risk of hypertension over approximately 10 years' follow-up in white men aged 25-74 years with WBC > 8600 compared to men with WBC < 6200 cells/mm(3). The association was independent of other risk variables. In white women, an association of high WBC with increased age-adjusted risk of hypertension was seen only at ages 45-64 and 65-74 years. The association was diminished and no longer significant after controlling for multiple risk variables. Data for black women suggested an increased risk among women with higher WBC compared to those with lower WBC at ages 65-74 after controlling other risk variables (p = 0.0001). No positive association was seen in black men. Thus, data from NHEFS confirm the previously reported association of higher WBC with increased incidence of hypertension in white men, and possibly older white and black women. Given the lack of a compelling biological explanation, further studies of this association are needed, especially in women and blacks. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BECREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 47 IS 8 BP 911 EP 919 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90195-3 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PE275 UT WOS:A1994PE27500012 PM 7730895 ER PT J AU UTAGAWA, ET NISHIZAWA, S SEKINE, S HAYASHI, Y ISHIHARA, Y OISHI, I IWASAKI, A YAMASHITA, I MIYAMURA, K YAMAZAKI, S INOUYE, S GLASS, RI AF UTAGAWA, ET NISHIZAWA, S SEKINE, S HAYASHI, Y ISHIHARA, Y OISHI, I IWASAKI, A YAMASHITA, I MIYAMURA, K YAMAZAKI, S INOUYE, S GLASS, RI TI ASTROVIRUS AS A CAUSE OF GASTROENTERITIS IN JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA SEQUENCE; DIARRHEA; VIRUSES; CHILDREN AB We used an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to screen for astrovirus in stool specimens from outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis collected between 1982 and 1992 in six prefectural public health institutes in Japan. Three outbreaks of gastroenteritis involving schoolchildren and adults were confirmed to be attributable to astrovirus. Astrovirus was detected in 6 to 10% of the specimens from patients with sporadic gastroenteritis from whom no other bacterial or viral agent had been identified. Among the sporadic cases, astrovirus was most frequently detected in infants less than 1 year of age, and the incidence peaked in March and April. Using specimens from recent outbreaks, eve found that the EIA was more sensitive than electron microscopy (EM) for the detection of astrovirus, and many EM-negative specimens were positive by EIA. However, some stool specimens previously found to have astrovirus-like particles by EM were negative by EIA, perhaps because of inadequate storage conditions, such as long-term storage and repeated freezings and thawings. Our results indicate that astrovirus is more commonly associated with childhood gastroenteritis than has been previously appreciated and suggest that further studies to examine the epidemiology and disease burden of this virus are needed. C1 NAGANO RES INST PUBL HLTH & POLLUT,NAGANO 380,JAPAN. TOKYO METROPOLITAN RES LAB PUBL HLTH,SHINJUKU KU,TOKYO 163,JAPAN. AICHI PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH,KITA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 462,JAPAN. OSAKA PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH,HIGASHINARI KU,OSAKA 537,JAPAN. YAMAGUCHI PREFECTURAL RES INST HLTH,YAMAGUCHI 753,JAPAN. EHIME PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH,MATSUYAMA,EHIME 790,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP UTAGAWA, ET (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SHINJUKU KU,TOYAMA 1-23-1,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1841 EP 1845 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NX414 UT WOS:A1994NX41400002 PM 7989529 ER PT J AU FRANCIOSA, G FERREIRA, JL HATHEWAY, CL AF FRANCIOSA, G FERREIRA, JL HATHEWAY, CL TI DETECTION OF TYPE-A, TYPE-B, AND TYPE-E BOTULISM NEUROTOXIN GENES IN CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM AND OTHER CLOSTRIDIUM SPECIES BY PCR - EVIDENCE OF UNEXPRESSED TYPE-B TOXIN GENES IN TYPE-A TOXIGENIC ORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ENCODING GENE; F NEUROTOXIN; BUTYRICUM; STRAIN; CLONING; BARATI; INFANT AB We studied the effectiveness of the PCR in detecting the type A, B, and E botulism neurotoxin genes in 209 strains of Clostridium botulinum and 29 strains of other Clostridium spp. All 79 strains that produced type A toxin, 77 strains that produced type B toxin, and 51 organisms that produced type E toxin (46 C. botulinum and 5 C. butyricum) were PCR positive in reactions with primers targeting sequences specific for their respective toxin genes. The PCR for type A toxin was positive for one type B toxin-producing strain that produced a small amount of type A toxin in addition to a large amount of type B toxin. Surprisingly, the type B toxin gene was detected in addition to the type A toxin gene in 43 type A toxin producing strains, only 1 of which could be shown by bioassay to produce biologically active type E toxin in culture. The type B gene was also detected in two strains of C. subterminale, which were determined to be nontoxigenic by bioassay. While the PCR was sensitive and specific in detecting the neurotoxin genes, the discovery of unexpressed toxin genes indicates that PCR results may not be adequate for establishing type B neurotoxigenicity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BDMD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. IST SUPER SANITA,ALIMENTI LAB,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. US FDA,ATLANTA,GA 30309. RI FRANCIOSA, GIOVANNA/C-7040-2015 OI FRANCIOSA, GIOVANNA/0000-0003-1520-4826 NR 30 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1911 EP 1917 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NX414 UT WOS:A1994NX41400016 PM 7989542 ER PT J AU GRUNER, E STEIGERWALT, AG HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS WEAVER, RE MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, M BRENNER, DJ AF GRUNER, E STEIGERWALT, AG HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS WEAVER, RE MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, M BRENNER, DJ TI RECOGNITION OF DERMABACTER-HOMINIS, FORMERLY CDC FERMENTATIVE CORYNEFORM GROUP-3 AND GROUP-5, AS A POTENTIAL HUMAN PATHOGEN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Thirty strains of fermentative coryneform-like bacteria designated CDC fermentative coryneform group 3 and coryneform group 5 were compared biochemically by cellular fatty acid analysis and by DNA relatedness with the type strain of Dermabacter hominis, ATCC 49369. DNA from 22 strains of both CDC groups showed 69 to 96% relatedness (hydroxyapatite method) to labeled DNA from ATCC 49369 and to DNA from CDC group 3 strain G4964, and the strains are considered to belong to D. hominis. The remaining eight strains were genetically but not phenotypically differentiable from D. hominis. They were genetically heterogenous, but hybridization results indicated that they probably belong to the genus Dermabacter. Thirteen of the 22 D. hominis strains and all 8 of the other Dermabacter strains had been isolated from blood, which indicates the pathogenic potential of this species and genus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ZURICH,INST MED MICROBIOL,CH-8028 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1918 EP 1922 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NX414 UT WOS:A1994NX41400017 PM 7989543 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM MILLER, MD DRISCOLL, PE MILLER, P AF MILLER, JM MILLER, MD DRISCOLL, PE MILLER, P TI BIODEGRADABLE, EFFECTIVE SUBSTITUTE FOR XYLENE IN THE EHRLICH INDOLE PROCEDURE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TRICHROME STAINING TECHNIQUE; HEMO-DE; D-LIMONENE; AGENTS AB Three extracting reagents were compared for effectiveness in the Ehrlich indole procedure: xylene (the recommended reagent), Hemo-De (a terpene-based product containing d-limonene), and Micro-Clear (an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon). Thirty-three strains representing 12 species of indole-positive aerobes or facultative anaerobes and 50 strains representing 11 species of indole-positive strict anaerobes were tested using the three reagents. Xylene extraction allowed indole detection in all of the isolates tested. Micro-Clear allowed detection in all of the aerobic isolates and in 49 of 50 anaerobes. Hemo-De allowed indole detection in 32 of 33 aerobes and in 49 of 50 anaerobes. There was no significant difference in the results among the reagents. Because Micro-Clear is biodegradable, nonflammable, noncarcinogenic, and odorless, we feel that this product should be considered a safe and effective substitute for xylene in the Ehrlich indole procedure. C1 PROVIDENCE CHRISTIAN ACAD,LILBURN,GA 30247. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIAGNOST MICROBIOL SECT,BLDG 1,RM B250,C16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 32 IS 8 BP 2028 EP 2030 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NX414 UT WOS:A1994NX41400040 PM 7989564 ER PT J AU CHRISTEY, GL NELSON, DE RIVARA, FP SMITH, SM CONDIE, C AF CHRISTEY, GL NELSON, DE RIVARA, FP SMITH, SM CONDIE, C TI HORSEBACK RIDING INJURIES AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUNG-ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE SPORTS; ATHLETIC INJURIES; HEAD INJURIES; ACCIDENT PREVENTION; HEAD PROTECTIVE DEVICES ID EQUESTRIAN INJURIES; ACCIDENTS; SPORTS AB Background. Horseback riding injuries are responsible for an estimated 2300 hospital admissions annually among persons younger than 25 years of age in the United States, but injury rates, patterns of injury, and risk factors for this population have not been well studied. Methods. Study participants were selected from a list provided by a national mail-order company that sells riding equipment. A total of 557 persons younger than 25 years of age who rode horses at least six times a year completed survey questionnaires. Results. Among the study participants, 34 (6.1%) had been hospitalized at least once because of a riding injury and 153 (27.5%) had been treated by a physician within the previous 2 years for such an injury. The overall injury rate was 0.6 per 1000 riding hours. Among those injured, sprains or strains (41.8%), lacerations or bruises (40.0%), and fractures or dislocations (33.3%) were the most common types of injury. A total of 27.5% of those injured sustained concussions or other head injuries. Riding 15 to 24 hours per month (odds ratio [OR]=2.04), being female (OR=1.81), and riding English style (OR=1.77) were the characteristics most strongly correlated with injury. Conclusions. Horseback riding injuries among participants in this study tended to be serious. Family physicians should inform their patients who ride horses about the risks associated with equestrian activities and should emphasize helmet use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, BEHAV SURVEILLANCE BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. CHRISTCHURCH SCH MED, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA USA. HARBORVIEW INJURY PREVENT CTR, SEATTLE, WA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH PUBL HLTH, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV CANBERRA, FAC MANAGEMENT, BELCONNEN, AUSTRALIA. FU PHS HHS [CCR 002570] NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB544 UT WOS:A1994PB54400013 PM 8057065 ER PT J AU NEUMEIER, E MEIEREWERT, H COX, NJ AF NEUMEIER, E MEIEREWERT, H COX, NJ TI GENETIC RELATEDNESS BETWEEN INFLUENZA-A (H1N1) VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM HUMANS AND PIGS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; A VIRUSES; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; NEURAMINIDASE GENE; RNA SEGMENT; NS GENE; EVOLUTION; A-PR-8-34; ANTIBODIES; HEMAGGLUTININ AB Complete nucleotide sequences were obtained from the nucleoprotein genes of three influenza A viruses and partial nucleotide sequences were obtained from the polymerase, neuraminidase, matrix, and non-structural protein genes of four influenza A viruses that had been isolated between 1931 and 1939 from clinically sick pigs in the United States or Europe. A phylogenetic analysis of the open reading frames of nine nucleoprotein genes showed that the U.S. swine influenza virus isolates from 1931 and 1937 originated from the classic swine viral nucleoprotein lineage, whereas the European swine strains from 1938 and 1939 were placed among the early human influenza virus nucleoprotein lineage. All the partial gene sequences obtained from the two European swine strains from 1938 and 1939 were also more closely related to early human H1N1 reference strains than to the U.S. swine isolates from 1931 and 1937, indicating that none of the four viruses isolated from swine had acquired genes from a heterologous lineage through reassortment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TECH UNIV MUNICH,INST MED MICROBIOL & HYG,VIROL ABT,W-8000 MUNICH,GERMANY. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 75 BP 2103 EP 2107 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2103 PN 8 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PA644 UT WOS:A1994PA64400037 PM 8046416 ER PT J AU HUGHES, JM LAMONTAGNE, JR AF HUGHES, JM LAMONTAGNE, JR TI EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HUGHES, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 263 EP 264 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700002 PM 8035007 ER PT J AU BERKELMAN, RL AF BERKELMAN, RL TI EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1993 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 17-18, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP INFECTIOUS DIS SOC AMER ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI 0157-H7; DAY-CARE CENTER; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MINNESOTA; OUTBREAK AB Three outbreaks of disease in the United States in 1993 caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, Cryptosporidium organisms, and a previously unrecognized hantavirus clearly illustrate the increasing challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases. The largest US outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection reported occurred as a result of contaminated hamburgers served at a fast-food restaurant chain. The largest recorded waterborne disease outbreak in US history was due to contamination of a municipal water supply with cryptosporidia. In the southwestern United States, hantavirus was first recognized as the cause of a pulmonary syndrome with a mortality rate exceeding 50%. The detection of and response to these outbreaks document the need for a strong partnership between the clinical and public health sectors to prevent and control diseases. Health care reform in the United States provides an opportunity to address critical needs, such as improved surveillance and diagnosis, to ensure timely detection of and rapid response to newly emerging infectious diseases. RP BERKELMAN, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP C12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 272 EP 277 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700004 PM 8035009 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR CHIN, DP YAJKO, DM HOPEWELL, PC NASSOS, PS ELKIN, EP HADLEY, WK STONE, EN SIMON, EM GONZALEZ, P OSTROFF, S REINGOLD, AL AF HORSBURGH, CR CHIN, DP YAJKO, DM HOPEWELL, PC NASSOS, PS ELKIN, EP HADLEY, WK STONE, EN SIMON, EM GONZALEZ, P OSTROFF, S REINGOLD, AL TI ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-FACTORS FOR ACQUISITION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX IN PERSONS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; INTRACELLULARE; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SCROFULACEUM; WATER; MARKERS; ACID; MILK AB A case-control study was done to determine risk factors for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with < 50 CD4(+) cells/mm(3). In univariate analysis, cases (n = 83) had lower CD4(+) cell counts than controls (n = 177) (median, 10 vs. 17/mm(3); P < .001) and were more likely to have consumed hard cheese (odds ratio [OR], 5.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-18.4) but were less likely to have taken daily showers (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.94). In multivariate analysis, CD4(+) cell count < 25/mm(3) (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.71-7.49) and consumption of hard cheese (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.58-20.1) remained associated with disease, while daily showering (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.28-0.88) remained protective. Increased risk for MAC disease in persons with HIV infection and low CD4(+) cell counts is not associated with exposure to water or a variety of other environmental sources but may be associated with consumption of hard cheese. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT BIOMED & ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [H645-04866] NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700019 PM 7913481 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, M PARKINSON, AJ BULKOW, LR FITZGERALD, MA PETERS, HV PARKS, DJ AF DAVIDSON, M PARKINSON, AJ BULKOW, LR FITZGERALD, MA PETERS, HV PARKS, DJ TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE IN ALASKA, 1986-1990 - ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PREVENTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; B DISEASE AB To assess prevention strategies for pneumococcal disease in Alaska, prospective surveillance during 1986-1990 identified 672 invasive pneumococcal infections, including 315 among Alaska Natives. Age-adjusted annual incidence was 74 per 100,000 for Alaska Natives and 16 per 100,000 for nonnatives. The annual incidence in Alaska Native children < 2 years old was 624 per 100,000; rates of 84 per 100,000 for meningitis and 290 per 100,000 for bacteremic pneumonia were 8-10 times higher than for other US groups. By age 75, cumulative incidence (7%) and mortality (1%) in Alaska Natives were almost 4 times higher than for nonnatives. Only 17% of Alaska Native adults with predisposing conditions and invasive infections previously received pneumococcal vaccine. For Alaska Natives, a proposed heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine will include serotypes responsible for 85% of invasive isolates from children < 2 years but only 32% of those from adults. The 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine, which contains > 94% of serotypes identified in Alaska Native toddlers and adults, should be used more widely. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. NR 52 TC 161 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 368 EP 376 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700020 PM 8035023 ER PT J AU DIMOCK, KA ADDISS, DG EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ AF DIMOCK, KA ADDISS, DG EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ TI DIFFERENTIAL PROLIFERATIVE AND INTERLEUKIN-10 RESPONSES TO FRACTIONATED FILARIAL ANTIGENS - PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION BY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHATIC DYSFUNCTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE CUTICULAR GLYCOPROTEIN; PARASITE-SPECIFIC ANERGY; BRUGIA-MALAYI; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; RESPONSIVENESS; PAHANGI; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; PROTEINS; DISEASE AB To characterize filarial antigens that may be associated with the development of chronic lymphatic dysfunction in persons with lymphatic filariasis, T cell responsiveness to Brugia pahangi adult worm extracts and SDS-PAGE antigen fractions were examined among Haitians from an area in which Wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. Greater T cell proliferation and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production were observed in amicrofilaremic patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis than in amicrofilaremic or microfilaremic asymptomatic persons. Antigen fractions that stimulated the highest proliferative responses (in the 25-49 kDa range) and IL-10 production were not identical. Further separation of an immunodominant 30- to 38-kDa fraction by ion exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography identified several subfractions, including a 32-kDa protein band, that elicited T cell responses from patients with elephantiasis or hydrocele. By immunoblot, these patients also had markedly greater humoral reactivity to parasite antigens of similar to 52, 43, 32, and 30 kDa. RP DIMOCK, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS F13,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-02642]; PHS HHS [Y02-00005] NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 403 EP 412 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700025 PM 8035027 ER PT J AU OISHI, I YAMAZAKI, K KIMOTO, T MINEKAWA, Y UTAGAWA, E YAMAZAKI, S INOUYE, S GROHMANN, GS MONROE, SS STINE, SE CARCAMO, C ANDO, T GLASS, RI AF OISHI, I YAMAZAKI, K KIMOTO, T MINEKAWA, Y UTAGAWA, E YAMAZAKI, S INOUYE, S GROHMANN, GS MONROE, SS STINE, SE CARCAMO, C ANDO, T GLASS, RI TI A LARGE OUTBREAK OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ASTROVIRUS AMONG STUDENTS AND TEACHERS IN OSAKA, JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID STOOL SAMPLES; RNA SEQUENCE; VIRUSES; DIARRHEA AB In June 1991, a large outbreak of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis occurred among students and teachers at 10 primary and 4 junior high schools in Katano City, Osaka, Japan. The outbreak affected > 4700 persons, lasted 5 days, and was believed to have been linked to contaminated food from a common supplier. Astrovirus, identified as the etiologic agent, was detected by direct electron microscopy in 10 of 38 fecal samples obtained from patients with diarrhea. Detection was confirmed by solid-phase immune electron microscopy (IEM), EIA, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation in CaCo-2 cells. Several patients who had astrovirus in their stool also demonstrated a significant antibody response to a reference strain of astrovirus by IEM and EIA and to their own isolate by IEM. Astrovirus can be an important agent of epidemic acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in school-aged children and adults in Japan. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OISHI, I (reprint author), OSAKA PREFECTURAL INST PUBL HLTH,VIROL LAB,HIGASHINARI KU,NAKAMICHI 1-CHOME,OSAKA 537,JAPAN. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700032 PM 8035033 ER PT J AU PARKINSON, AJ DAVIDSON, M FITZGERALD, MA BULKOW, LR PARKS, DJ AF PARKINSON, AJ DAVIDSON, M FITZGERALD, MA BULKOW, LR PARKS, DJ TI SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF INVASIVE ISOLATES OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE - ALASKA 1986-1990 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB From January 1986 through December 1990, 672 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were identified. From these, 574 pneumococcal isolates were recovered from normally sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal and pleural fluid); 92% were serotypes represented in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The most common serotypes from children <2 years old were 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F, recovered from 83% of Alaska Native and 75.1% of nonnative children with invasive disease. Moderate penicillin resistance (MIC, 0.1-1.0 mu g/mL) was found in 3.8% of isolates. All were sensitive to chloramphenicol, vancomycin, rifampin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cephalothin, and cefaclor. However, in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region, 16.9% of isolates were moderately resistant to penicillin, and 10.8% were resistant to erythromycin and 6.2% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; the number resistant to two or more antibiotics increased significantly during surveillance. All multiply resistant isolates were serotype 6B, and all were from Alaska Native patients <2 years old. RP PARKINSON, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INVEST DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,225 EAGLE ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. FU PHS HHS [88-03, 89-01] NR 16 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 461 EP 464 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700037 PM 8035038 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL MINTZ, ED RODRIGUEZ, M TEJADA, E OCAMPO, C ESPEJO, L BARRETT, TJ PETZELT, J BEAN, NH SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV AF SWERDLOW, DL MINTZ, ED RODRIGUEZ, M TEJADA, E OCAMPO, C ESPEJO, L BARRETT, TJ PETZELT, J BEAN, NH SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV TI SEVERE LIFE-THREATENING CHOLERA ASSOCIATED WITH BLOOD-GROUP-O IN PERU - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LATIN-AMERICAN EPIDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID RISK AB A household survey in 1991, at the onset of the Latin American cholera epidemic, investigated high attack rates in Trujillo, Peru, and determined the association between blood group O and severe cholera. Of 463 persons in 69 households, 173 (37%) reported diarrhea, 21% required rehydration therapy, and 4% were hospitalized; these treatment requirements greatly exceeded estimates based on other populations. Elevated vibriocidal or antitoxic antibody titers were present in 52% of 321 from whom serum was obtained; 73% were blood group O. Blood group O was strongly associated with severe cholera: Infected persons had more diarrheal stools per day than persons of other blood groups, were more likely to report vomiting and muscle cramps, and were almost eight times more likely to require hospital treatment. Since prevalence of blood group O in Latin America may be the world's highest, estimates of treatment requirements should be increased to prevent unnecessary deaths. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCE PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINIST HLTH,GEN OFF EPIDEMIOL,LIMA,PERU. HOSP BELEN & UNIDADE DEPT SALUD,TRUJILLO,PERU. RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 468 EP 472 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700039 PM 8035040 ER PT J AU WUHIB, T SILVA, TMJ NEWMAN, RD GARCIA, LS PEREIRA, MLD CHAVES, CS WAHLQUIST, SP BRYAN, RT GUERRANT, RL SOUSA, AD DEQUEIROZ, TRBS SEARS, CL AF WUHIB, T SILVA, TMJ NEWMAN, RD GARCIA, LS PEREIRA, MLD CHAVES, CS WAHLQUIST, SP BRYAN, RT GUERRANT, RL SOUSA, AD DEQUEIROZ, TRBS SEARS, CL TI CRYPTOSPORIDIAL AND MICROSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; AIDS; SPORES AB To determine the frequency of the parasitic pathogens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in a developing world setting, 295 stool specimens were examined from 166 HIV-positive patients (49% with AIDS) at Sao Jose Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil, from September 1990 to March 1992. Significantly more patients with diarrhea (85%) than without (66%) had AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) (P < .005). Of the potential parasitic causes of diarrhea, only Cryptosporidium parvum and microsporidia were significantly associated with diarrheal disease. Infections with C. parvum, but not microsporidia, were associated with the rainy season (P < .005). Thus, C. parvum and microsporidia are the most common intestinal parasites associated with diarrhea in an HIV-infected population in Brazil and are associated with advanced HIV disease. The association of C. parvum infections with the rainy season suggests that contaminated water may be important in its transmission; however, the source of human microsporidia requires further investigation. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,SCH MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,MED LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV VIRGINIA,SCH MED,DIV GEOG MED,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. HOSP SAO JOSE DOENCAS INFECCIOSAS,FORTALEZA,CEARA,BRAZIL. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26512] NR 15 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 494 EP 497 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NZ467 UT WOS:A1994NZ46700045 PM 8035045 ER PT J AU YIP, R AF YIP, R TI IRON-DEFICIENCY - CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMATIC APPROACHES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposia at the 1993 Spring Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Nutrition CY MAR 28-APR 01, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP AMER INST NUTR DE IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; HEMOGLOBIN; IRON DEFICIENCY; ANEMIA; SEVERE ANEMIA; NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA ID ANEMIA; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATION; INDONESIA; OVERLOAD; INFANCY; ZAIRE AB Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in developing countries and contibutes significantly to reduced work productivity and economic output as well as to increased morbidity and mortality. There are well established biochemical tests for assessing iron status in developed countries. However, cost and interference from infectious conditions make it difficult to assess iron status in many developing country settings. Examination of the hemoglobin distribution in the population and assessment of the hemoglobin response to supplementation are alternative approaches to defining iron status and the nature of anemia. Prevention and control of iron deficiency requires the combined approach of dietary improvement, fortification of a common staple food when feasible, and appropriate iron supplementation for infants and pregnant women, In all these intervention activities, operational research is needed to improve effectiveness. In addition, controlling iron deficiency requires coordination with other nutrition and primary health care programs as part of an integrated approach to improved health and nutrition of the population. C1 PROGRAM AGAINST MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 65 TC 127 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 124 IS 8 SU S BP S1479 EP S1490 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PC376 UT WOS:A1994PC37600038 PM 8064407 ER PT J AU POTTERN, LM ZAHM, SH SIEBER, SS SCHNEIDER, IJ LAROSA, JH BROWN, DP COLLMAN, GW FINGERHUT, MA WATERS, MA AF POTTERN, LM ZAHM, SH SIEBER, SS SCHNEIDER, IJ LAROSA, JH BROWN, DP COLLMAN, GW FINGERHUT, MA WATERS, MA TI OCCUPATIONAL-CANCER AMONG WOMEN - A CONFERENCE OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH,OFF RES WOMENS HLTH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP POTTERN, LM (reprint author), NCI,OCCUPAT STUDIES SECT,EXECUT PLAZA N,ROOM 418,6130 EXECUT BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 36 IS 8 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ115 UT WOS:A1994PJ11500001 PM 7807258 ER PT J AU WARD, EM RUDER, AM SURUDA, A SMITH, AB HALPERIN, W FESSLER, CA ZAHM, SH AF WARD, EM RUDER, AM SURUDA, A SMITH, AB HALPERIN, W FESSLER, CA ZAHM, SH TI CANCER MORTALITY PATTERNS AMONG FEMALE AND MALE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN A CABLE MANUFACTURING PLANT DURING WORLD-WAR-II SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Womens Health: Occupation and Cancer CY NOV 01-02, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NIEHS, NIH, OFF RES WOMENS HLTH, NIOSH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NCI ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIOXIN EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; INDUCTION; RESIDUES; LIVER; RATS AB A cohort mortality study was conducted among 9028 (3042 women, 5986 men) workers potentially exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes (chloracnegens structurally similar to dioxins) and asbestos in the manufacture of Navy cable during World War II. Based on mortality through December 31, 1985, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all cancers was 1.03 in women (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90 to 1.17) and 1.18 in men (95% CI = 1.10 to 1.26). There were no significant elevations in causes of death hypothesized a priori to be associated with chlorinated naphthalene exposure (malignant neoplasms [MN] of connective tissue, liver, and lymphatic and hematopoietic organs). An excess of MN of the connective tissue was suggested for workers with over 1 year of exposure and 25 years of latency (SMR = 3.54, 95% CI = 0.97 to 9.07). Among cancer sites not hypothesized to be related a priori, three showed concordant excesses among both genders (MN of stomach; rectum; and trachea, bronchus, and lung). No significant elevations occurred in hormonally related cancers among women. Cancer mortality among 460 individuals with chloracne (431 men, 29 women) was similar to that of the entire cohort, although the chloracne subcohort showed significant excesses in two rare causes of death (MN of esophagus, SMR = 3.26, ''benign and unspecified neoplasms,'' SMR = 4.93). Use of county referent rates decreased SMRs for stomach, rectal, and buccal cavity cancer suggesting a role for nonoccupational risk factors. If is difficult to draw conclusions about carcinogenicity of chlorinated naphthalenes because of study limitations, most importantly, concomitant asbestos exposure and the relatively short duration of exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes among most of the cohort. C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP WARD, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,MAIL STOP R-13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012; Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664; NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 36 IS 8 BP 860 EP 866 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ115 UT WOS:A1994PJ11500009 PM 7807266 ER PT J AU RUDER, AM WARD, EM BROWN, DP AF RUDER, AM WARD, EM BROWN, DP TI CANCER MORTALITY IN FEMALE AND MALE DRY-CLEANING WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Womens Health: Occupation and Cancer CY NOV 01-02, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NIEHS, NIH, OFF RES WOMENS HLTH, NIOSH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NCI ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; BLADDER-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; NEW-JERSEY; LAUNDRY; COHORT; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; PRODUCTS; CLEANERS; DEATH AB A cohort study of dry-cleaning workers (1109 women, 592 men) in the mid-1980s revealed significant excess bladder cancer mortality. This article updates vital status through 1990. Significant excesses were seen for bladder cancer (nine deaths, standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-4.82), esophageal cancer (10 deaths, SMR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.02-3.94), and intestinal cancer (26 deaths, SMR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.02-2.29). In a subcohort exposed only to perchloroethylene (PCE), those with 5 or more years of employment and 20 or more years since first exposure had a significant increased risk of esophageal cancer (four deaths, SMR = 7.17, 95% CI = 1.92-19.82). Women had significant excess esophageal cancer (five deaths, SMR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.05-7.58) and elevated SMRs for intestinal, pancreatic, and bladder cancer mortality. This study confirms the esophageal cancer risk among dry-cleaning workers seen in another study and suggests an association with PCE. It further documents the risks for intestinal, pancreatic, and bladder cancers in this industry. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP RUDER, AM (reprint author), NIOSH,MAILSTOP R-16,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 25 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 36 IS 8 BP 867 EP 874 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ115 UT WOS:A1994PJ11500010 PM 7807267 ER PT J AU BROWN, DP DEMENT, JM OKUN, A AF BROWN, DP DEMENT, JM OKUN, A TI MORTALITY PATTERNS AMONG FEMALE AND MALE CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS TEXTILE WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Womens Health: Occupation and Cancer CY NOV 01-02, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NIEHS, NIH, OFF RES WOMENS HLTH, NIOSH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NCI ID DUST EXPOSURE; CARCINOGENICITY AB This study updates a retrospective cohort mortality analysis of workers from a South Carolina textile plant where chrysotile asbestos was the primary exposure. The update adds 15 years of observation to the original study, adds analyses of white women and black men, and allows comparison of mortality risks between race/gender groups. The total cohort includes 3,022 workers: 1,229 white women (363 deaths), 1,247 white men (607 deaths), and 546 black men (289 deaths). Statistically significant risks for lung cancer were observed among white women (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 2.07; 90% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55-2.71) and white men (SMR = 2.24; 90% CI = 1.83-2.72); both of these groups exhibited positive exposure-response trends. Although the lung cancer risk among black men was lower than expected (SMR = 0.70; 90% CI = 0.42-1.08), a statistically significant increase was observed at high levels of exposure. Statistically significant excess risks for pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases were observed for all race/gender groups. Despite the relatively high percentage of white women lost to follow-up and missing death certificates, both of which allow underestimation of the true relative risk, statistically significant excess risks were observed for lung cancer and pneumoconiosis among this group. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT OCCUPAT HLTH,DURHAM,NC. NIOSH,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BROWN, DP (reprint author), NIEHS,OFF DIS PREVENT,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 36 IS 8 BP 882 EP 888 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PJ115 UT WOS:A1994PJ11500012 PM 7807269 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB SULLIVAN, JS GALLAND, GG AF COLLINS, WE MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB SULLIVAN, JS GALLAND, GG TI FURTHER-STUDIES ON THE SPOROZOITE TRANSMISSION OF THE SALVADOR I-STRAIN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION AB Different species of Saimiri and Aotus monkeys were inoculated with sporozoites of the Salvador I strain of Plasmodium vivax. Of 58 Saimiri inoculated, 45 developed parasitemia (4 following bites and 41 following intravenous inoculation). Prepatent periods ranged from 10 to 63 days. Twelve of 19 monkeys inoculated with sporozoites that had been stored frozen developed patent parasitemia after 16-53 days. Of 41 Aotus monkeys inoculated, only 10 (2 via bites and 8 via intravenous inoculation) developed parasitemia. One of 7 Aotus inoculated with sporozoites that had been frozen developed parasitemia with a prepatent period of 26 days. Mosquitoes were infected by feeding on gametocytes from Aotus and Saimiri monkeys, chimpanzees, and a human. Sporozoites from Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles dirus, and Anopheles gambiae induced infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 80 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.2307/3283184 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA PE284 UT WOS:A1994PE28400003 PM 8064516 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF TI HOW MANY TYPES OF PATIENTS MEET CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA FOR RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; WALKING TIME; BUTTON TEST; MORTALITY; DISABILITY; QUESTIONNAIRES; PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; MORBIDITY; DISEASE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PINCUS, T (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,T-3219 MED CTR N,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. NR 41 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1385 EP 1389 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA PA712 UT WOS:A1994PA71200002 PM 7983634 ER PT J AU BELLER, M GESSNER, BD AF BELLER, M GESSNER, BD TI AN OUTBREAK OF TINEA-CORPORIS GLADIATORUM ON A HIGH-SCHOOL WRESTLING TEAM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHOPHYTON-TONSURANS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ITRACONAZOLE; GRISEOFULVIN; CRURIS AB Background: An outbreak of tinea corporis occurred in members of a high school wrestling team during the 1992-1993 season. Objective: To control the outbreak, we conducted an epidemiologic investigation. Methods: We examined 28 team members and obtained skin scrapings from 16. To control the outbreak we recommended (1) griseofulvin for 1 month to treat persons with more than two lesions or any facial lesion(s) and topical ketoconazole or econazole for 1 month to treat all others and (2) that wrestlers be excluded from wrestling until 10 days of topical treatment or 15 days of oral treatment had been completed. Results: Twenty-one wrestlers had lesions consistent with tinea corporis and 10 had Trichophyton tonsurans infection confirmed by culture. A new eruption developed in 12 wrestlers after the recommendations were implemented. Conclusion: This is the third and largest outbreak of tinea corporis gladiatorum to be described in the United States. Appropriate control measures have not yet been established. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BELLER, M (reprint author), ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 240249,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 197 EP 201 PN 1 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA NZ589 UT WOS:A1994NZ58900003 PM 8040400 ER PT J AU WATTS, DM ELTIGANI, A BOTROS, BAM SALIB, AW OLSON, JG MCCARTHY, M KSIAZEK, TG AF WATTS, DM ELTIGANI, A BOTROS, BAM SALIB, AW OLSON, JG MCCARTHY, M KSIAZEK, TG TI ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL-INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A FEVER OUTBREAK IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCE OF SUDAN SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE ARBOVIRUSES; FEVER; SUDAN AB An outbreak of acute febrile illness occurred during August and September 1989 in the Northern Province of Sudan coinciding with a high population density of phlebotomine sandflies. An investigation was conducted to determine whether arboviruses were associated with human illness during this outbreak. Sera were obtained from 185 febrile individuals and tested for IgG and IgM antibody to selected arboviruses by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The prevalence of IgG antibody was 59% for West Nile (WN), 53% for Sandfly Fever Sicilian (SFS), 32% for Sandfly Fever Naples (SFN), 39% for Yellow Fever (YF), 24% for dengue-2 (DEN-2), 23% for Rift Valley Fever (RVF), 12% for Chikungunya (CHIK) and 5% for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) viruses. Antibody prevalences tended to increase with age for WN and YF viruses. Antibody rates were about the same for males and females for most of the viruses tested. The prevalence of IgM antibody to SFN was 24% and reciprocal IgM titre exceeded 12 800 for some individuals suggesting that this virus was the cause of recent infection. The prevalence of IgM antibody for the other viruses did not exceed 5%. The study indicated that several arboviruses were endemic and some of them may have caused human disease in the Northern Province of Sudan. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 3,CAIRO,EGYPT. MINIST HLTH SUDAN,NATL HLTH LABS,KHARTOUM,SUDAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-5304 J9 J TROP MED HYG JI J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 97 IS 4 BP 228 EP 230 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PA748 UT WOS:A1994PA74800007 PM 8064945 ER PT J AU KUNZ, BA KOHALMI, SE KUNKEL, TA MATHEWS, CK MCINTOSH, EM REIDY, JA AF KUNZ, BA KOHALMI, SE KUNKEL, TA MATHEWS, CK MCINTOSH, EM REIDY, JA TI DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATE LEVELS - A CRITICAL FACTOR IN THE MAINTENANCE OF GENETIC STABILITY SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN GENETIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATE; GENETIC STABILITY ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; COMMON FRAGILE SITES; DNA PRECURSOR POOL; MOUSE FM3A CELLS; THYMINE NUCLEOTIDE DEPLETION; RIBONUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE REDUCTASE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS COMPOUND; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC-AGENTS; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE AB DNA precursor pool imbalances can elicit a variety of genetic effects and modulate the genotoxicity of certain DNA-damaging agents. These and other observations indicate that the control of DNA precursor concentrations is essential for the maintenance of genetic stability, and suggest that factors which offset this control may contribute to environmental mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In this article, we review the biochemical and genetic mechanisms responsible for regulating the production and relative amounts of intracellular DNA precursors, describe the many outcomes of perturbations in DNA precursor levels, and discuss implications of such imbalances for sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, population monitoring, and human diseases. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W9,SK,CANADA. NIEHS,MOLEC GENET LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. YORK UNIV,DEPT BIOL,N YORK M3J 1P3,ON,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KUNZ, BA (reprint author), UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT MICROBIOL,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MB,CANADA. NR 513 TC 155 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1110 J9 MUTAT RES-REV GENET JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Genet. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 318 IS 1 BP 1 EP 64 DI 10.1016/0165-1110(94)90006-X PG 64 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA PM073 UT WOS:A1994PM07300001 PM 7519315 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, B OLSEN, I TENOVER, FC AF OLSVIK, B OLSEN, I TENOVER, FC TI THE TET(Q) GENE IN BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY PERIODONTAL-DISEASE SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; REFRACTORY PERIODONTITIS; DNA PROBE ID TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE; TRANSFER SYSTEMS; BACTEROIDES; THERAPY; CLONING; DNA AB Twenty-two tetracycline-resistant (tet(r)) anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated from periodontal pockets of 12 patients with refractory periodontitis were examined for the presence of the Tet Q determinant by DNA-DNA hybridization. Dot blots of bacterial DNA were tested with an intragenic digoxigenin-labelled tet(Q) probe consisting of a 1.45 kb EroRI/PvuII fragment from plasmid pNFD13-2. Southern blots of chromosomal DNA digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI were also examined. The tet(Q) probe hybridized with DNA from 8 of the 22 tet(r) strains, including 2 Prevotella intermedia strains and one strain each of Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella veroralis and Prevotella melaninogenica. The tet(r) strains of Mitsuokella dentalis and Capnocytophaga ochracea also hybridized with the probe. The lack of discernible plasmid DNA in all the probe-positive isolates suggests that these tetracycline-resistance genes were chromosomally encoded. The probe hybridized with a different size fragment in all the isolates. This study extends the number of species that carry the tet(Q) gene to include several outside the genera Prevotella and Bacteroides. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV OSLO,OSLO,NORWAY. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1994.tb00067.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA NV278 UT WOS:A1994NV27800010 PM 7478767 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, FO AF RICHARDS, FO TI AN OVERVIEW OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES - WHATS OLD - WHATS NEW - WHERES HELP SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Editorial Material RP RICHARDS, FO (reprint author), US PHS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 8 BP 392 EP 397 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA PC293 UT WOS:A1994PC29300002 PM 7808813 ER PT J AU CICIRELLO, HG DAS, BK GUPTA, A BHAN, MK GENTSCH, JR KUMAR, R GLASS, RI AF CICIRELLO, HG DAS, BK GUPTA, A BHAN, MK GENTSCH, JR KUMAR, R GLASS, RI TI HIGH PREVALENCE OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION AMONG NEONATES BORN AT HOSPITALS IN DELHI, INDIA - PREDISPOSITION OF NEWBORNS FOR INFECTION WITH UNUSUAL ROTAVIRUS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS; NEONATAL ROTAVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VP4 GENE ALLELES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; 4TH GENE; SEROTYPES; DIARRHEA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; IDENTITY AB Although rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhea in children older than 3 months of age, neonatal infections, which are asymptomatic, have rarely been surveyed and have been identified in only a few discrete nosocomial outbreaks. After such a nosocomial outbreak of rotavirus infection among newborns at a hospital in Delhi, we screened infants born at five other nurseries in the immediate area to assess the prevalence of neonatal infections and to determine whether the unique neonatal rotavirus strain, 116E, previously identified in Delhi, was present in other settings. Infection was documented in 43 to 78% of hospitalized infants between 4 and 6 days of life born at five of the six hospitals. Infection with strains related to 116E were the most common, but other unusual strains and no strains common in the community were detected. In addition a shift in genotype was observed among specimens collected from two of these hospitals during a 2-year period. Our observation that neonatal rotavirus infections are more common than recognized previously would encourage the administration of rotavirus vaccines during the newborn period and suggests that the low efficacy of vaccines observed during trials in developing countries may be caused by early natural exposure of infants before immunization. The extraordinary predisposition of neonates for unusual rotavirus strains not commonly found in the community should encourage others to screen neonates for this infection, characterize the strains more fully and attempt to understand at a molecular level the unique relationship between the infecting strain type and the age of the host. C1 ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW DELHI,INDIA. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RI Kumar, Rajeev/I-2338-2016 OI Kumar, Rajeev/0000-0002-0783-1101 NR 42 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 13 IS 8 BP 720 EP 724 DI 10.1097/00006454-199408000-00008 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PC291 UT WOS:A1994PC29100009 PM 7970972 ER PT J AU GUPTA, S MORRIS, JG PANIGRAHI, P NATARO, JP GLASS, RI GEWOLB, IH AF GUPTA, S MORRIS, JG PANIGRAHI, P NATARO, JP GLASS, RI GEWOLB, IH TI ENDEMIC NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS - LACK OF ASSOCIATION WITH A SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS AGENT SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS (ENDEMIC); INFECTIOUS AGENT ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; DIARRHEAL PATHOGEN; ASTROVIRUS; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; DISEASE; PROBE; DNA AB We conducted a comprehensive analysis of bacterial, parasitic and viral agents present in stool samples of 23 necrotizing enterocolitis cases and 23 matched and 10 random controls. Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli were the most common aerobic bacterial species isolated. Astrovirus was identified in a stool sample from one control. Eight infants were bacteremic; in 7 of 8 the same organism was also present in the stool. No one bacterial species or strain (as identified by plasmid profile analysis) was associated with occurrence of illness. Plasmid analysis further suggested that each infant was colonized with his or her own distinctive aerobic bacterial flora. With the exception of isolates from two control patients which hybridized with a probe for diffuse adherence, no diarrheagenic E. coli was identified. Five (45%) of 11 case infants were colonized with coagulase-negative staphylococci (all S. epidermidis) that produced delta-hemolysin in vitro, as compared with 13 (87%) of 15 control infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis was not associated with an increased ability to ferment carbohydrate, as measured by in vitro beta-galactosidase activity. Our data do not support the hypothesis that endemic necrotizing enterocolitis in our institution is caused by a single infectious agent, nor was there evidence that previously proposed virulence mechanisms such as production of delta-hemolysin or increased in vitro carbohydrate fermentation play a critical role in disease occurrence. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT MED, DIV GEOGRAPH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, BALTIMORE, MD USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, DIV NEONATOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, DIV INFECT DIS & TROP PEDIAT, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [1R29HD29735] NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 13 IS 8 BP 728 EP 734 DI 10.1097/00006454-199408000-00010 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA PC291 UT WOS:A1994PC29100011 PM 7970974 ER PT J AU KAUPPINEN, TP PANNETT, B MARLOW, DA KOGEVINAS, M AF KAUPPINEN, TP PANNETT, B MARLOW, DA KOGEVINAS, M TI RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE THROUGH MODELING IN A STUDY ON CANCER RISKS AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO PHENOXY HERBICIDES, CHLOROPHENOLS AND DIOXINS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE DOSE-RESPONSE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPOSURE-RESPONSE; NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA AB OBJECTIVES - The study aimed at developing a model for the retrospective assessment of exposures in epidemiologic studies when little or no data on past exposures are available. METHODS - A deterministic model was developed for the level of exposure by industrial hygienists involved in an international study on cancer risks among phenoxy herbicide or chlorophenol manufacturing workers and pesticide sprayers. The general source-receptor model was used as the conceptual framework for the model. RESULTS - The model included variables related to job, the emission of chemicals, contact with chemicals, personal protection, and other relevant determinants of exposure. Cumulative dose indices were calculated from the duration of exposure (from the work histories) and the level of exposure (from the model). CONCLUSIONS - Deterministic modeling in complex exposure situations may provide more valid and reliable results than its conventional alternative, subjective assessment by an expert. C1 MRC,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL UNIT,SOUTHAMPTON,HANTS,ENGLAND. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. RP KAUPPINEN, TP (reprint author), FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,TOPELIUKSENKATU 41AA,SF-00250 HELSINKI,FINLAND. RI Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 262 EP 271 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PH264 UT WOS:A1994PH26400005 PM 7801071 ER PT J AU MCNICHOLL, JM MCDOUGAL, JS AF MCNICHOLL, JM MCDOUGAL, JS TI IMMUNOLOGICAL ESCAPE AS A MECHANISM OF VIRAL PERSISTENCE IN HIV-1 INFECTION SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBODY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; GENETIC VARIATION; EPITOPE; NEUTRALIZATION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; CELL RECOGNITION; BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; GENETIC-VARIATION AB Two specific immune responses to HIV, the cytolytic T cell response to epitopes in the core/envelope proteins and the antibody neutralization response to the V3 epitope in the envelope, are reviewed. Substantial data has accumulated indicating that virus variants can be isolated from infected people that are not recognized by the early immune response. Furthermore, genomic changes in the virus show host dependence and emerge to prominence with a temporal pattern that is consistent with selection for escape from an earlier immune response. Escape from immune recognition may therefore be a major factor in allowing persistent viral replication in HIV infection. RP MCNICHOLL, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 5 IS 4 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1006/smvy.1994.1034 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA PF732 UT WOS:A1994PF73200007 ER PT J AU MAY, DS CASPER, ML CROFT, JB GILES, WH AF MAY, DS CASPER, ML CROFT, JB GILES, WH TI TRENDS IN SURVIVAL AFTER STROKE AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE AGED; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STROKE OUTCOME; SURVIVAL ID CEREBRAL INFARCTION; INCIDENCE RATES; FATALITY RATES; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; PROJECT; HEMORRHAGE; DECLINE; QUALITY; LIFE AB Background and Purpose Most strokes occur among people aged 65 years and older. The increasing proportion of persons who are in this age group underlines the importance for health-care providers to be aware of trends in poststroke survival. We investigated poststroke survival trends from 1985 to 1989 among Medicare beneficiaries. Methods Medicare hospital claim records and enrollment data were obtained on 1901439 Medicare patients with a principal diagnosis of stroke occurring during the years 1985 through 1989. Cox proportional hazard techniques were used to compare the 2-year poststroke survival for strokes occurring in 1986, 1987, 1988, and 1989 relative to strokes occurring in 1985. Poststroke survival trends were examined among groups defined by age, race, region, type of stroke, and, for a 20% subset, history of stroke. Results We observed a modest improvement in poststroke survival from 1985 to 1989 (1989:1985 hazard ratio, 0.96; P<.05). Trends for persons with hemorrhagic stroke showed more improvement (hazard ratio, 0.88; P<.05) than those for persons with ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.98; P<.05). Improvement was also greater among persons without known prior hospitalization for stroke (hazard ratio, 0.94; P<.05) and during periods of follow-up shorter than 2 years. Conclusions The variations in poststroke survival among subgroups of the population have important implications for the quality of life of stroke survivors and for the future medical and nursing needs of these populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0039-2499 EI 1524-4628 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD AUG PY 1994 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1622 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NZ285 UT WOS:A1994NZ28500014 PM 8042213 ER PT J AU WILEY, SD AUGUSTYNIAK, LA EVATT, BL ALTER, MJ WAN, PR GREEN, TA AF WILEY, SD AUGUSTYNIAK, LA EVATT, BL ALTER, MJ WAN, PR GREEN, TA TI RESULTS OF CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL-AND-PREVENTION NATIONAL-HEMOPHILIA-FOUNDATION STUDY OF SEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF BLOOD-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES IN THE HEMOPHILIA POPULATION (PROJECT-40) SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMOPHILIA & HEMATOL DISORDERS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,STAT & DATA MANAGEMENT BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NATL HEMOPHILIA FDN,NEW YORK,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 8 BP 732 EP 732 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PD361 UT WOS:A1994PD36100031 ER PT J AU CRUDDER, S COTTON, D HUSZTI, H JARVIS, D LANSKY, A LIN, I LINDEMANN, J PARISH, K PARSONS, J AF CRUDDER, S COTTON, D HUSZTI, H JARVIS, D LANSKY, A LIN, I LINDEMANN, J PARISH, K PARSONS, J TI HEMOPHILIA BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION EVALUATION PROJECTS ADULT PROGRAM SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HEMOPHILIA FDN MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. CHILDRENS HOSP OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,CTR CHILD DEV HEMOPHILIA & REHABIL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. HUNTINGTON HOSP,PASADENA,CA. MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA. HEMOPHILIA BEHAV INTERVENT EVALUAT PROJECTS,IOWA CITY,IA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 8 BP 734 EP 734 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PD361 UT WOS:A1994PD36100039 ER PT J AU BUTLER, R BOELSON, R COTTON, D JARVIS, D KOCIK, S LANSKY, A MANCOJOHNSON, M KEUKES, K NORMAN, L SCHULTZ, J WILEY, S AF BUTLER, R BOELSON, R COTTON, D JARVIS, D KOCIK, S LANSKY, A MANCOJOHNSON, M KEUKES, K NORMAN, L SCHULTZ, J WILEY, S TI PROGRAM-DEVELOPMENT IN A STUDY OF ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR-CHANGE SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. UNIV MINNESOTA,CTR HEMOPHILIA TREATMENT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL,HBIEP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PUGET SOUND BLOOD CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. UNIV COLORADO,CTR HEMOPHILIA TREATMENT,DENVER,CO 80202. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. CHILDRENS HOSP,MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 8 BP 735 EP 735 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PD361 UT WOS:A1994PD36100041 ER PT J AU NORMAN, LR PARISH, K LANSKY, A AF NORMAN, LR PARISH, K LANSKY, A TI ATTITUDES TOWARD HIV SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE AND TALKING ABOUT RISK REDUCTION - COMPARISONS BETWEEN INVOLVED AND UNINVOLVED MEN WITH HEMOPHILIA AND HIV SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HBIEP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HUNTINGTON HOSP,PASADENA,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 8 BP 735 EP 735 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA PD361 UT WOS:A1994PD36100042 ER PT J AU LUCAS, SB HOUNNOU, A PEACOCK, C BEAUMEL, A KADIO, A DECOCK, KM AF LUCAS, SB HOUNNOU, A PEACOCK, C BEAUMEL, A KADIO, A DECOCK, KM TI NOCARDIOSIS IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS - AN AUTOPSY STUDY IN WEST-AFRICA SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS; BRASILIENSIS INFECTION; ASTEROIDES INFECTION; AIDS SURVEILLANCE; CASE DEFINITIONS; IVORY-COAST; TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; ABIDJAN AB Background. There are many reports of nocardiosis associated with HIV infection in industrialized and developing countries, but its true prevalence is unknown. Materials and methods: An autopsy study was performed of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients dying on the general medical wards of a large hospital in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, in 1991. Results: 247 HIV-positive adult cadavers were examined. 10 (4%) had nocardiosis of the lung, of whom 6 showed disseminated disease. 8 patients had one or more AIDS-defining pathologies, and 5 had nocardiosis as the main cause of death. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 87 cadavers (35%), giving a ratio of pulmonary nocardial to tuberculous disease of 1:9. No nocardiosis was seen in 42 HIV-negative cadavers. Conclusions: This is the highest recorded prevalence of HIV-associated nocardiosis in a representative sample. The prevalence of nocardiosis varies geographically, and in zones where HIV-associated tuberculosis is common, it is possible that some patients diagnosed as smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis actually have nocardiosis. A revised strategy of sputum examination with gram stain is suggested to detect nocardia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV HOSP APIDJAN,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP LUCAS, SB (reprint author), UCL,SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,ROCKEFELLER BLDG,UNIV ST,LONDON WC1E 6JJ,ENGLAND. NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 75 IS 4 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1016/0962-8479(94)90137-6 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA PD850 UT WOS:A1994PD85000011 PM 7949078 ER PT J AU COBERLY, JS TOWNSEND, T REPKE, J FIELDS, H MARGOLIS, H HALSEY, NA AF COBERLY, JS TOWNSEND, T REPKE, J FIELDS, H MARGOLIS, H HALSEY, NA TI SUBOPTIMAL RESPONSE FOLLOWING INTRADERMAL HEPATITIS-B VACCINE IN INFANTS SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS B VACCINE; INFANTS; RESPONSE ID VIRUS-VACCINE; CHILDREN; PROTECTION; INFECTION AB Two hundred and twenty-five infants were randomly assigned to receive 2 mu g of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax) intradermally (ID-2), 10 mu g intramuscularly (IM-10), or 2 mu g intramuscularly (IM-2) in the deltoid region at birth, 2 and 4 months. At 6 months, ID-2 infants were less likely to have developed greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml(-1) of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) than IM-10 infants (91 versus 100%; p=0.02) and had a lower geometric mean concentration of anti-HBs (312 mIU ml(-1) versus 2248 mIU ml(-1); p<0.01). At 6 months IM-10 infants had significantly lower mean weights and lengths than infants receiving 2 mu g doses of vaccine. Intramuscular administration of 2 mu g and 10 mu g doses of Heptavax in the deltoid of young infants was well tolerated and effective; however, intradermal administration of Heptavax provided no immunological benefit over intramuscular administration and resulted in significantly higher rates of induration and persistent hyperpigmentation. Intramuscular immunization at birth, 2 and 4 months is an acceptable, effective alternative schedule for immunizing infants. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COBERLY, JS (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG PY 1994 VL 12 IS 11 BP 984 EP 987 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90332-8 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA PA803 UT WOS:A1994PA80300005 PM 7975851 ER PT J AU HUMMEL, KB VANCHIERE, JA BELLINI, WJ AF HUMMEL, KB VANCHIERE, JA BELLINI, WJ TI RESTRICTION OF FUSION PROTEIN MESSENGER-RNA AS A MECHANISM OF MEASLES-VIRUS PERSISTENCE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; HUMAN-BRAIN; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; EXPRESSION VECTORS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MATRIX PROTEINS; CELL-SURFACE; GENES AB Vero cells persistently infected with the hamster neurotropic strain (HNT-PI) of measles virus are deficient in the release of extracellular virus and syncytia formation, suggesting that mutations occur within the viral envelope proteins. Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicated that the coding regions of the matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes of HNT-PI were relatively conserved compared with those of their lytic progenitor virus Philadelphia 26 (Ph26), whereas the hemagglutinin (H) gene differed by 4.2% at the amino acid level. Northern blot analyses demonstrated the predominance of bicistronic M/F transcripts in HNT-PI at a 5:1 ratio over F monocistronic mRNA. Accordingly, no F protein could be detected in the HNT-PI cell line, although both the M and H proteins were produced in amounts comparable to those of Ph26. When the Semliki Forest virus replicon was used, coexpression of the HNT-PI F and Ph26 H genes resulted in the formation of multinucleated syncytia in transfected Vero cell cultures. Since the HNT-PI F protein was fusogenic, the restriction of its monocistronic mRNA is postulated to be a contributing factor in the reduction of cell fusion and ultimately in the maintenance of the persistent infection. (C) 1994 Academic Press, inc. C1 EMORY UNIV,NEUROSCI PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP HUMMEL, KB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 1994 VL 202 IS 2 BP 665 EP 672 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1388 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA NY181 UT WOS:A1994NY18100015 PM 8030232 ER PT J AU WIKTOR, SZ GALLAHER, MM BARON, RC WATSON, ME SEWELL, CM AF WIKTOR, SZ GALLAHER, MM BARON, RC WATSON, ME SEWELL, CM TI FIREARMS IN NEW-MEXICO SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUN OWNERSHIP; HOME; CHILDREN AB To determine the prevalence of firearm ownership and storage practices in New Mexico, we did a random-digit-dialing survey of New Mexico residents in October 1991. Of 200 households surveyed, 79 (40%) had 1 or more firearms in the home. Rural households were more likely than urban households to have firearms (44% versus 30%), and households with annual incomes of greater than $25,000 were more likely to have a firearm than households with incomes of $25,000 or less (41% versus 33%). Household firearm ownership did not vary with the presence of young (less-than-or-equal-to 15 years old) children (38% with children versus 41% without). Handguns were generally owned for self-protection, and rifles were owned for hunting. Of households with firearms, 24% stored them unsafely (unlocked and loaded or unloaded but with ammunition nearby), including 21% of households with young children. Of the households with handguns only, 40% stored these firearms unsafely compared with 13% of those with rifles only. The prevalence of gun ownership in New Mexico is similar to that reported in national surveys; handguns are stored less safely than rifles; and the presence of young children in the home does not appear to improve firearm storage safety. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL PLANNING & EVALUAT,SANTA FE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,DIV PUBL HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD AUG PY 1994 VL 161 IS 2 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PC710 UT WOS:A1994PC71000001 PM 7941530 ER PT J AU REILLY, K EMMONS, R RUTHERFORD, GW CURRIER, M GODDARD, J WHITE, E THOMPSON, FE DONNELL, HD GETTMAN, A RITTMAN, M BANDY, U MATYAS, BT ALSTAD, D AF REILLY, K EMMONS, R RUTHERFORD, GW CURRIER, M GODDARD, J WHITE, E THOMPSON, FE DONNELL, HD GETTMAN, A RITTMAN, M BANDY, U MATYAS, BT ALSTAD, D TI ARBOVIRUS DISEASE - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 385-387, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MISSISSIPPI DEPT HLTH,JACKSON,MS. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. RHODE ISL DEPT ENVIRONM MANAGEMENT,PROVIDENCE,RI. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,PROVIDENCE,RI. US ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ARBOVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP REILLY, K (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL LAB,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 4 BP 262 EP 264 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX806 UT WOS:A1994NX80600005 ER PT J AU ANDERS, J SHIRELEY, LA VOLMER, L FORSCH, K OSTERHOLM, MT SCHELL, WL DAVIS, JP ROWLEY, WA CURRIER, R WINTERMEYER, LA KRAMER, WL SAFRANEK, TJ ALFANO, D HARAMIS, LD KOTTKAMP, W FRAZIER, CL SATALOWICH, FT AF ANDERS, J SHIRELEY, LA VOLMER, L FORSCH, K OSTERHOLM, MT SCHELL, WL DAVIS, JP ROWLEY, WA CURRIER, R WINTERMEYER, LA KRAMER, WL SAFRANEK, TJ ALFANO, D HARAMIS, LD KOTTKAMP, W FRAZIER, CL SATALOWICH, FT TI RAPID ASSESSMENT OF VECTORBORNE DISEASES DURING THE MIDWEST FLOOD - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 481-483, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 S DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH,OFF COMMUNICABLE DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,PIERRE,SD. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA. NEBRASKA STATE DEPT HLTH,LINCOLN,NE. KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,BUR DIS CONTROL,TOPEKA,KS. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL. ST LOUIS CTY DEPT HLTH VECTOR CONTROL,ST LOUIS,MO. SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,CAPE GIRARDEAU,MO 63701. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. USN,CTR DIS VECTOR ECOL & CONTROL,NAVAL AIR STN,JACKSONVILLE,FL. USN,CTR DIS VECTOR ECOL & CONTROL,ALAMEDA,CA. USN,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT 2,NORFOLK,VA. USAF RESERVE,AG DOS 910,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,VIENNA,OH. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ANDERS, J (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,DIV MICROBIOL,BISMARCK,ND 58505, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 4 BP 264 EP 265 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX806 UT WOS:A1994NX80600006 ER PT J AU LINGREENBERG, A CORTES, A AF LINGREENBERG, A CORTES, A TI MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN A HOSPITAL - JERSEY-CITY, NEW-JERSEY, 1990-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 417-419, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TB CONTROL PROGRAM,TRENTON,NJ. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP LINGREENBERG, A (reprint author), JERSEY CITY MED CTR,JERSEY CITY,NJ 07304, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 4 BP 266 EP 267 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX806 UT WOS:A1994NX80600008 ER PT J AU BRODY, DJ PIRKLE, JL KRAMER, RA FLEGAL, KM MATTE, TD GUNTER, EW PASCHAL, DC AF BRODY, DJ PIRKLE, JL KRAMER, RA FLEGAL, KM MATTE, TD GUNTER, EW PASCHAL, DC TI BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN THE US POPULATION - PHASE-1 OF THE 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES-III, 1988 TO 1991) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; IMPAIRMENT; TOXICOLOGY AB Objective.-To determine mean blood lead levels and their sociodemographic correlates in the US population. Design.-Nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey that included measurements of venous blood lead. Participants.-A total of 13 201 persons aged 1 year and older examined during phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1991). Results.-The overall mean blood lead level for the US population was 0.14 mu mol/L (2.8 mu g/dL). Blood lead levels were consistently higher for younger children than for older children, for older adults than for younger adults, for males than for females, for blacks than for whites, and for central-city residents than for non-central-city residents. Other correlates of higher blood lead levels included low income, low educational attainment, and residence in the Northeast region of the United States, National estimates for children 1 to 5 years of age indicate that 8.9%, or approximately 1.7 million children, have blood lead levels 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dL) or greater. These levels are high enough to be of health concern under 1991 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Conclusions.-The low overall mean blood lead levels demonstrate a major public health success in primary prevention efforts. However, exposure to lead at levels that may adversely affect the health of children remains a problem especially for those who are minority, urban, and from low-income families. Strategies to identify the most vulnerable risk groups are necessary to further reduce lead exposure in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BRODY, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 900,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 43 TC 432 Z9 443 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 4 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1001/jama.272.4.277 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX806 UT WOS:A1994NX80600029 PM 8028140 ER PT J AU PIRKLE, JL BRODY, DJ GUNTER, EW KRAMER, RA PASCHAL, DC FLEGAL, KM MATTE, TD AF PIRKLE, JL BRODY, DJ GUNTER, EW KRAMER, RA PASCHAL, DC FLEGAL, KM MATTE, TD TI THE DECLINE IN BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS (NHANES) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To describe trends in blood lead levels for the US population and selected population subgroups during the time period between 1976 and 1991. Design.-Two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys and one cross-sectional survey representing Mexican Americans in the southwestern United States. Setting/Participants.-Participants in two national surveys that included blood lead measurements: the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 to 1980 (n=9832), and phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991 (n=12119). Also, Mexican Americans participating in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982 to 1984 (n=5682). Results.-The mean blood lead level of persons aged 1 to 74 years dropped 78%, from 0.62 to 0.14 mu mol/L (12.8 to 2.8 mu g/dL). Mean blood lead levels of children aged 1 to 5 years declined 77% (0.66 to 0.15 mu mol/L [13.7 to 3.2 mu g/dL]) for non-Hispanic white children and 72% (0.97 to 0.27 mu mol/L [20.2 to 5.6 mu g/dL]) for non-Hispanic black children. The prevalence of blood lead levels 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dL) or greater for children aged 1 to 5 years declined from 85.0% to 5.5% for non-Hispanic white children and from 97.7% to 20.6% for non-Hispanic black children. Similar declines were found in population subgroups defined by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income level, and urban status. Mexican Americans also showed similar declines in blood lead levels of a slightly smaller magnitude over a shorter time. Conclusions.-The results demonstrate a substantial decline in blood lead levels of the entire US population and within selected subgroups of the population. The major cause of the observed decline in blood lead levels is most likely the removal of 99.8% of lead from gasoline and the removal of lead from soldered cans. Although these data indicate major progress in reducing lead exposure, they also show that the same sociodemographic factors continue to be associated with higher blood lead levels, including younger age, male sex, non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, and low income level. Future efforts to remove other lead sources (eg, paint, dust, and soil) are needed but will be more difficult than removing lead from gasoline and soldered cans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP PIRKLE, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 22 TC 554 Z9 575 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 27 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1001/jama.272.4.284 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX806 UT WOS:A1994NX80600030 PM 8028141 ER PT J AU LAGA, M ALARY, M NZILA, N MANOKA, AT TULIZA, M BEHETS, F GOEMAN, J STLOUIS, M PIOT, P AF LAGA, M ALARY, M NZILA, N MANOKA, AT TULIZA, M BEHETS, F GOEMAN, J STLOUIS, M PIOT, P TI CONDOM PROMOTION, SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES TREATMENT, AND DECLINING INCIDENCE OF HIV-1 INFECTION IN FEMALE ZAIRIAN SEX WORKERS SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; PROSTITUTES; TRANSMISSION; AFRICA AB The control of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV-1, among sex workers and their clients in urban areas in developing countries, is considered a valuable and cost-effective intervention to contain the spread of HIV-1. The effect of a programme of STD treatment combined with condom promotion on HIV-1 incidence has so far not been measured. During an intervention including condom promotion, as well as monthly sexually transmitted disease screening and treatment among 531 initially HIV-1 negative female sex workers in Kinshasa, Zaire, 70 became infected with HIV-1 (incidence of 8.0 per 100 women-years [wy]). A decline of HIV-1 incidence was observed over time, from 11.7/100 wy during the first 6 months, to 4.4/100 wy over the last 6 months, 3 years later (p = 0.003). Simultaneously, regular use of condoms with clients went up from 11% to 52% and 68%, after 6 and 36 months of intervention, respectively. Risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion after multivariate analysis included irregular condom use (RR 1.6 [95% Cl 1.1-2.8]), gonorrhoea (RR 2.5 [1.1-6.4]), trichomoniasis (RR 1.7 [1.1-2.8]), and genital ulcer disease (RR 2.5 [1.1-6.4]), during the probable period of acquisition of HIV-1. In women who attended more than 90% of their clinic appointments, the HIV-1 incidence was 2.7/100 wy compared to 7.1, 20.3, and 44.1 per 100 wy among women who attended 76-90%, 50-75%, and less than 50% of the monthly appointments, respectively (p < 0.0001). These trends remained after controlling for reported condom use and number of clients. This study confirms earlier findings that STDs facilitate transmission of HIV-1 and shows that a clinic-based intervention consisting of STD care and condom promotion can result in a major decline of HIV-1 incidence among female sex workers. C1 MINIST HLTH,PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAGA, M (reprint author), INST TROP MED,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR AIDS,DEPT INFECT & IMMUN,DIV MICROBIOL,NATL ST 155,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NR 6 TC 339 Z9 343 U1 3 U2 14 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 23 PY 1994 VL 344 IS 8917 BP 246 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)93005-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NY060 UT WOS:A1994NY06000017 PM 7913164 ER PT J AU MACKENZIE, WR HOXIE, NJ PROCTOR, ME GRADUS, MS BLAIR, KA PETERSON, DE KAZMIERCZAK, JJ ADDISS, DG FOX, KR ROSE, JB DAVIS, JP AF MACKENZIE, WR HOXIE, NJ PROCTOR, ME GRADUS, MS BLAIR, KA PETERSON, DE KAZMIERCZAK, JJ ADDISS, DG FOX, KR ROSE, JB DAVIS, JP TI A MASSIVE OUTBREAK IN MILWAUKEE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; GIARDIA; IMMUNOCOMPETENT; TRANSMISSION; DIARRHEA AB Background. Early in the spring of 1993 there was a widespread outbreak of acute watery diarrhea among the residents of Milwaukee. Methods. We investigated the two Milwaukee water-treatment plants, gathered data from clinical laboratories on the results of tests for enteric pathogens, and examined ice made during the time of the outbreak for cryptosporidium oocysts. We surveyed residents with confirmed cryptosporidium infection and a sample of those with acute watery diarrhea consistent with cryptosporidium infection. To estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, we also conducted a survey using randomly selected telephone numbers in Milwaukee and four surrounding counties. Results. There were marked increases in the turbidity of treated water at the city's southern water-treatment plant from March 23 until April 9, when the plant was shut down. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in water from ice made in southern Milwaukee during these weeks. The rates of isolation of other enteric pathogens remained stable, but there was more than a 100-fold increase in the rate of isolation of cryptosporidium. The median duration of illness was 9 days (range, 1 to 55). The median maximal number of stools per day was 12 (range, 1 to 90). Among 285 people surveyed who had laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis, the clinical manifestations included watery diarrhea (in 93 percent), abdominal cramps (in 84 percent), fever (in 57 percent), and vomiting (in 48 percent). We estimate that 403,000 people had watery diarrhea attributable to this outbreak. Conclusions. This massive outbreak of watery diarrhea was caused by cryptosporidium oocysts that passed through the filtration system of one of the city's water-treatment plants. Water-quality standards and the testing of patients for cryptosporidium were not adequate to detect this outbreak. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI 53703. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MILWAUKEE DEPT HLTH,MILWAUKEE,WI. BUR LABS,MILWAUKEE,WI. UNIV S FLORIDA,TAMPA,FL. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 32 TC 1165 Z9 1210 U1 13 U2 105 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 21 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1056/NEJM199407213310304 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW797 UT WOS:A1994NW79700004 PM 7818640 ER PT J AU HAWKINSBELL, L RANKIN, JT AF HAWKINSBELL, L RANKIN, JT TI HEAT-RELATED DEATHS - PHILADELPHIA AND UNITED-STATES, 1993-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 453, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. PENN DEPT HLTH,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,PHILADELPHIA,PA. RP HAWKINSBELL, L (reprint author), OFF PHILADELPHIA CTY MED EXAMINER,PHILADELPHIA,PA, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 3 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW185 UT WOS:A1994NW18500006 ER PT J AU BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM CASTRO, KG AF BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM CASTRO, KG TI TRACKING TUBERCULOSIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP BLOCH, AB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 3 BP 200 EP 201 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW185 UT WOS:A1994NW18500010 PM 8022033 ER PT J AU KUCZMARSKI, RJ FLEGAL, KM CAMPBELL, SM JOHNSON, CL AF KUCZMARSKI, RJ FLEGAL, KM CAMPBELL, SM JOHNSON, CL TI INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AMONG US ADULTS - THE NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS, 1960 TO 1991 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES ADULTS; WEIGHT-LOSS; ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SECULAR TRENDS; RISK-FACTORS; OBESITY; WOMEN AB Objective.-To examine trends in overweight prevalence and body mass index of the US adult population. Design.-Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys with an in-person interview and a medical examination, including measurement of height and weight. Setting/Participants.-Between 6000 and 13000 adults aged 20 through 74 years examined in each of four separate national surveys during 1960 to 1962 (the first National Health Examination Survey [NHES I]), 1971 to 1974 (the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES I]), 1976 to 1980 (NHANES II), and 1988 to 1991 (NHANES III phase 1). Results.-In the period 1988 to 1991, 33.4% of US adults 20 years of age or older were estimated to be overweight. Comparisons of the 1988 to 1991 overweight prevalence estimates with data from earlier surveys indicate dramatic increases in all race/sex groups. Overweight prevalence increased 8% between the 1976 to 1980 and 1988 to 1991 surveys. During this period, for adult men and women aged 20 through 74 years, mean body mass index increased from 25.3 to 26.3; mean body weight increased 3.6 kg. Conclusions.-These nationally representative data document a substantial increase in overweight among US adults and support the findings of other investigations that show notable increases in overweight during the past decade. These observations suggest that the Healthy People 2000 objective of reducing the prevalence of overweight US adults to no more than 20% may not be met by the year 2000. Understanding the reasons underlying the increase in the prevalence of overweight in the United States and elucidating the potential consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality present a challenge to our understanding of the, etiology, treatment, and prevention of overweight. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 64 TC 2016 Z9 2045 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 3 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1001/jama.272.3.205 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW185 UT WOS:A1994NW18500021 PM 8022039 ER PT J AU PEZZINO, G REMINGTON, PL ANDERSON, HA HARMS, L PHILLIPS, JL BRUSKEWITZ, R PETERSON, D AF PEZZINO, G REMINGTON, PL ANDERSON, HA HARMS, L PHILLIPS, JL BRUSKEWITZ, R PETERSON, D TI TRENDS IN THE SURGICAL-TREATMENT OF PROSTATE-CANCER IN WISCONSIN, 1989-1991 SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AB Background: Radical prostatectomy (removal of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles) is usually considered a definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer. Although a sharp increase and wide geographic variation in radical prostatectomy rates have been recently documented, the reasons for this increase and the factors that make men diagnosed with the disease more likely to be treated surgically are not well known. Purpose: Our purpose was to examine trends in the use of surgical treatment for prostate cancer, as well as the factors associated with the choice of surgical treatment and how these factors changed in Wisconsin in the period 1989 through 1991. Methods: We carried out a population-based cohort study. A cohort of Wisconsin men diagnosed from 1989 through 1991 with prostate cancer was identified through the Wisconsin cancer reporting system. To determine which men diagnosed with prostate cancer were treated with surgery, we linked prostate cancer records to the Wisconsin hospital discharge database. The outcome measured was radical prostatectomy within 6 months from the date of the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Results: The yearly number of prostate cancer cases reported from:1989 through 1991 rose 33%, from 2468 to 3278. During the same period the yearly number of radical postatectomies rose 226%, from 283 to 922: Patients diagnosed in 1991 were twice as likely to have surgery as those diagnosed in 1989, the proportion of cases receiving surgical treatment rising from 12% to 25%. Patients who were white, less than 65 years of age, had a cancer reported to be at regional stage, and who were first reported by large hospitals were more likely to be treated surgically. Conclusions: The use of surgery to treat prostate cancer has increased dramatically in Wisconsin, doubling in a 3-year period, despite the fact that studies have not shown surgery to be more effective than other options for many patients. The increase observed in the rate of surgery was about the same across age, race, stage at diagnosis, and hospital size. The reasons for this increase are probably multifactorial. Implications: Risks, costs, and benefits of surgical treatment should be carefully compared with those of alternative management approaches. Patients should be enabled to make an informed decision, based on the current best evidence, on the treatment option they prefer. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DIV UROL,MADISON,WI. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 86 IS 14 BP 1083 EP 1086 DI 10.1093/jnci/86.14.1083 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NW605 UT WOS:A1994NW60500013 PM 8021958 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ POWELL, JR CACCONE, A HAMM, DM SCOTT, JA COLLINS, FH AF BESANSKY, NJ POWELL, JR CACCONE, A HAMM, DM SCOTT, JA COLLINS, FH TI MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX SUGGESTS GENETIC INTROGRESSION BETWEEN PRINCIPAL MALARIA VECTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DROSOPHILA; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; TREES; FLOW AB The six Afrotropical species of mosquitoes comprising the Anopheles gambiae complex include the most efficient vectors of malaria in the world as well as a nonvector species. The accepted interpretation of evolutionary relationships among these species is based on chromosomal inversions and suggests that the two principal vectors, A. gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis, are on distant branches of the phylogenetic tree. However, DNA sequence data indicate that these two species are sister taxa and suggest gene flow between them. These results have important implications for malaria control strategies involving the replacement of vector with nonvector populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. YALE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. NR 30 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 19 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 15 BP 6885 EP 6888 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.15.6885 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NY348 UT WOS:A1994NY34800029 PM 8041714 ER PT J AU HALLORAN, ME COCHI, SL LIEU, TA WHARTON, M FEHRS, L AF HALLORAN, ME COCHI, SL LIEU, TA WHARTON, M FEHRS, L TI THEORETICAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND MORBIDITY EFFECTS OF ROUTINE VARICELLA IMMUNIZATION OF PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHICKENPOX; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; VACCINATION; VIRAL VACCINES ID ZOSTER VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VACCINE EFFICACY; MEASLES; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY; HETEROGENEITY; CHICKENPOX; PROTECTION; COMPLEXITY AB The authors studied the effects of routine varicella immunization of US preschool children and of implementation of a catch-up program in older children on the age distribution of cases and on overall morbidity, with emphasis on the sensitivity of the results to level of vaccine coverage, duration of protection, responsiveness to boosting, relative residual susceptibility and infectiousness, and degree of morbidity among vaccine breakthrough cases. An age-structured theoretical transmission model was used, with values for vaccine efficacy based on a review of the literature by an expert panel. Although implementation of a vaccination program resulted in a shift in the age distribution of remaining varicella cases toward older ages with higher complication rates, the overall reduction in cases resulted in decreased morbidity as measured by overall number of hospitalizations and number of primary cases. Routine immunization with live-virus varicella vaccine would probably result in a substantial reduction in the number of uncomplicated primary cases of chickenpox, as well as a decreased number of complicated cases requiring hospitalization. The number and age distribution of vaccinated cases would depend strongly on the characteristics of the vaccine. Vaccine efficacy studies in the field should be designed to obtain better estimates of residual susceptibility, residual infectiousness, duration of protection, and effects of boosting by wildtype reinfection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON CLIN SCHOLARS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP HALLORAN, ME (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. FU PHS HHS [9075705, 92013117] NR 53 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 2 BP 81 EP 104 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NX125 UT WOS:A1994NX12500001 PM 8023813 ER PT J AU SELIK, RM WARD, JW BUEHLER, JW AF SELIK, RM WARD, JW BUEHLER, JW TI DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE RATES OF TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AGE FACTORS; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC FACTORS; ETHNIC GROUPS; HIV; RACIAL STOCKS; SEX FACTORS ID HEART-DISEASE; AIDS AB To describe the demographic patterns of blood transfusion in the United States, the authors analyzed the cumulative incidence rate of transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (total cases reported from June 1981 through May 1993 per million population) by sex, race/ethnicity, age (at transfusion), and geographic area. Except for a high rate in infants, the rate increased with age, peaking at ages 55-64 years in men and at 65-74 years in women. Overall, the rate in males was 1.7 times that in females. By age, the rate in males was significantly higher than that in females only at ages 0-4 years and 45-84 years, when the rate in males was 2-3 times that in females. Overall, the rates in blacks and Hispanics were twice the rate in non-Hispanic whites. By age, the rates in blacks and Hispanics were significantly higher only at ages 0-4 years and 15-54 years, when they were 2-5 times those in whites, respectively. By state of residence, the incidence of transfusion-associated AIDS was correlated with the rate of all other AIDS cases (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.83; p = 0.0001). Most of these demographic differences probably reflect differences in exposure to blood transfusion and in the incidence of conditions requiring transfusions. RP SELIK, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAILSTOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NX125 UT WOS:A1994NX12500002 PM 8023799 ER PT J AU VALWAY, SE RICHARDS, SB KOVACOVICH, J GREIFINGER, RB CRAWFORD, JT DOOLEY, SW AF VALWAY, SE RICHARDS, SB KOVACOVICH, J GREIFINGER, RB CRAWFORD, JT DOOLEY, SW TI OUTBREAK OF MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN A NEW-YORK-STATE PRISON, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DRUG RESISTANCE; OUTBREAKS; PRISONERS; PRISONS; TUBERCULOSIS ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES; SYSTEM; JAIL; ASSOCIATION; INMATES; RISK AB In the summer of 1991, four inmates from prison A in Upstate New York died of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. To determine the extent of resistant tuberculosis at prison A and transmission patterns, the authors interviewed staff and reviewed medical records and inmate movement histories. Contact investigation results were examined to determine tuberculin skin test conversions and to estimate risk of infection and disease for inmates who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Eight HIV-positive inmates and one HIV-negative guard, who was immunocompromised with cancer, had multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Eight died, a median of 28 days after the first culture-positive specimen was collected. All isolates had identical seven-drug resistance and DNA fingerprint patterns. Of exposed inmates, 92 out of 306 (30%) had skin test conversions. HIV infection was not associated with becoming infected with drug-resistant tuberculosis (active disease or skin test conversion), but once infected, HIV-positive inmates were significantly more likely to develop disease than were HIV-negative inmates (p < 0.001). The source case transferred to prison A in February 1991, was ill with undiagnosed multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis, refused medical care, and lived in the general prison population, where he transmitted the disease to other inmates. Lapses in infection control and laboratory delays contributed to this outbreak. Prisons should fully implement infection control guidelines to prevent tuberculosis transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT CORRECT SERV,ALBANY,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOBACTERIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA. RP VALWAY, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,TECH INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 140 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NX125 UT WOS:A1994NX12500003 PM 8023800 ER PT J AU KIEHLBAUCH, JA TAUXE, RV BAKER, CN WACHSMUTH, IK AF KIEHLBAUCH, JA TAUXE, RV BAKER, CN WACHSMUTH, IK TI HELICOBACTER CINAEDI-ASSOCIATED BACTEREMIA AND CELLULITIS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN AB Objective: To define the clinical spectrum of illness associated with Helicobacter cinaedi infection in the United States and to determine associated epidemiologic risk factors and optimal laboratory methods for recovery of H. cinaedi. Design: A retrospective epidemiologic study of 23 patients with H. cinaedi-associated illness. Patients: 23 patients with H. cinaedi infection identified between January 1982 and August 1990. Most isolates (22 of 23) were from blood; one was from stool. Results: Ages ranged from 24 to 84 years (mean, 44 years). Eighty-three percent of patients were men; 17% were women. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 21 patients. Eighteen patients were febrile (15 required hospitalization); cellulitis was reported in 9 patients. Sixty percent were immunocompromised; 45% were reported to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For bacteremic patients, positive blood cultures were detected by a slightly elevated growth index in an automated blood culture system; many hospital laboratories had difficulty isolating the organism. Conclusions: Helicobacter cinaedi appears to cause recurrent cellulitis with fever and bacteremia in immunocompromised hosts. Blood cultures from immunocompromised patients with these symptoms may need special handling to isolate H. cinaedi. RP KIEHLBAUCH, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOOD & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP CO3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 2 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW186 UT WOS:A1994NW18600002 PM 8017741 ER PT J AU HORN, DL HEWLETT, D HAAS, WH BUTLER, WR ALFALLA, C TAN, E LEVINE, A NAYAK, A OPAL, SM AF HORN, DL HEWLETT, D HAAS, WH BUTLER, WR ALFALLA, C TAN, E LEVINE, A NAYAK, A OPAL, SM TI SUPERINFECTION WITH RIFAMPIN-ISONIAZID-STREPTOMYCIN-ETHAMBUTOL (RISE)-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN 3 PATIENTS WITH AIDS - CONFIRMATION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FINGERPRINTING SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; COMPLEX C1 LINCOLN MED & MENTAL HLTH CTR,DEPT MED,BRONX,NY 10451. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MEM HOSP RHODE ISL,PROVIDENCE,RI. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 2 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW186 UT WOS:A1994NW18600007 PM 8017724 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN AF SHAPIRO, CN TI DONT SHARE RAZORS OR TOOTHBRUSHES - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SHAPIRO, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW186 UT WOS:A1994NW18600028 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, MJA BENSON, JM GEORGE, VG ADES, EV EVATT, BL AF HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, MJA BENSON, JM GEORGE, VG ADES, EV EVATT, BL TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA DOWN-REGULATES PROTEIN-S SECRETION IN HUMAN MICROVASCULAR AND UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS BUT NOT IN THE HEPG-2 HEPATOMA-CELL LINE SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID FACTOR TNF RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIV-INFECTION; DEFICIENCY; INTERLEUKIN-1; DISEASE; PLASMA; TRANSCRIPTION; PROLIFERATION; QUANTITATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL PROD BRANCHES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOOPER, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MS-DO2,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NX154 UT WOS:A1994NX15400018 PM 8025276 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, HI LOCKWOOD, SA WYATT, SW CROSSETT, LS AF GOLDBERG, HI LOCKWOOD, SA WYATT, SW CROSSETT, LS TI TRENDS AND DIFFERENTIALS IN MORTALITY FROM CANCERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND PHARYNX IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1973-1987 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE ORAL CAVITY; PHARYNX; NEOPLASMS; MORTALITY ID MOUTHWASH USE; ALCOHOL; RISK; CARCINOMAS; DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN AB Background. This analysis consisted of an examination of trends and differentials in mortality from cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx in the United States for a recent 15-year period. Methods. The authors have used national cause-of-death data for the United States and intercensal population estimates to examine mortality from oral and pharyngeal cancers between 1973 and 1987 and to study differentials according to gender, race, and region of residence. Results. The overall mortality rate from these cancers decreased by 19% during the 15-year period, with most of the decline occurring after 1979. Mortality was much higher for men than for women and for blacks than for whites throughout the interval. Despite the overall decline, mortality rates increased among blacks, especially among black men. Mortality was highest in the South Atlantic, New England, and Mid-Atlantic states and lowest in the Mountain states. Conclusions. The disparity between male and female mortality from oral and pharyngeal cancer stems mainly from differences in the likelihood of developing these cancers, whereas the differences between blacks and whites appears to arise more from differences in survival than in incidence. Different age patterns of mortality for blacks and whites exist, in which mortality among whites, but not among blacks, rises continuously with age. An unexplained finding ws that mortality rates were reported to have fallen in recent years, whereas incidence and survival rates have reportedly remained almost unchanged. This apparent inconsistency may have resulted from declines in the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancers that have been masked by improved detection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 15 PY 1994 VL 74 IS 2 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19940715)74:2<565::AID-CNCR2820740206>3.0.CO;2-I PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NX371 UT WOS:A1994NX37100005 PM 8033034 ER PT J AU SLATER, CA SICKEL, JZ VISVESVARA, GS PABICO, RC GASPARI, AA AF SLATER, CA SICKEL, JZ VISVESVARA, GS PABICO, RC GASPARI, AA TI SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF DISSEMINATED ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; PATHOGENICITY; CULBERTSONI; NAEGLERIA; VARIETY; AIDS C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEPHROL UNIT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 29 AR40933] NR 21 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 14 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 2 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1056/NEJM199407143310204 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NW712 UT WOS:A1994NW71200004 PM 8208270 ER PT J AU SCHULZ, KF CHALMERS, I GRIMES, DA ALTMAN, DG AF SCHULZ, KF CHALMERS, I GRIMES, DA ALTMAN, DG TI ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF RANDOMIZATION FROM REPORTS OF CONTROLLED TRIALS PUBLISHED IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY JOURNALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication CY SEP 09-11, 1993 CL AMER MED ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL HO AMER MED ASSOC ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; BIAS AB Objective.-To assess the methodologic quality of approaches used to allocate participants to comparison groups in randomized controlled trials from one medical specialty. Design.-Survey of published, parallel group randomized controlled trials. Data Sources.-All 206 reports with allocation described as randomized from the 1990 and 1991 volumes of four journals of obstetrics and gynecology. Main Outcome Measures.-Direct and indirect measures of the adequacy of randomization and baseline comparisons. Results.-Only 32% of the reports described an adequate method for generating a sequence of random numbers, and only 23% contained information showing that steps had been taken to conceal assignment until the point of treatment allocation. A mere 9% described both sequence generation and allocation concealment. In reports of trials that had apparently used unrestricted randomization, the differences in sample sizes between treatment and control groups were much smaller than would be expected due to chance. In reports of trials in which hypothesis tests had been used to compare baseline characteristics, only 2% of reported test results were statistically significant, lower than the expected rate of 5%. Conclusions.-Proper randomization is required to generate unbiased comparison groups in controlled trials, yet the reports in these journals usually provided inadequate or unacceptable information on treatment allocation. Additional analyses suggest that nonrandom manipulation of comparison groups and selective reporting of baseline comparisons may have occurred. C1 LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON WC1,ENGLAND. UNITED KINGDOM COCHRANE CTR,OXFORD,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,MED STAT LAB,LONDON WC2A 3PX,ENGLAND. RP SCHULZ, KF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 315 Z9 328 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 13 PY 1994 VL 272 IS 2 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1001/jama.272.2.125 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NV424 UT WOS:A1994NV42400012 PM 8015122 ER PT J AU BROOK, JH GENESE, CA BLOLAND, PB ZUCKER, JR SPITALNY, KC AF BROOK, JH GENESE, CA BLOLAND, PB ZUCKER, JR SPITALNY, KC TI BRIEF REPORT - MALARIA PROBABLY LOCALLY ACQUIRED IN NEW-JERSEY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BROOK, JH (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,CN-369,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 7 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 DI 10.1056/NEJM199407073310105 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NU951 UT WOS:A1994NU95100005 PM 8202097 ER PT J AU CORDERO, JF AF CORDERO, JF TI FINDING THE CAUSES OF BIRTH-DEFECTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FETAL HYDANTOIN SYNDROME RP CORDERO, JF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 7 PY 1994 VL 331 IS 1 BP 48 EP 49 DI 10.1056/NEJM199407073310112 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NU951 UT WOS:A1994NU95100012 PM 8202104 ER PT J AU HOWE, JE MINKOFF, HL DUERR, AC AF HOWE, JE MINKOFF, HL DUERR, AC TI CONTRACEPTIVES AND HIV SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV; HIV INFECTION/TRANSMISSION; AIDS; CONTRACEPTION; WOMEN; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; AIDS-ASSOCIATED RETROVIRUS; DOSE ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION; HTLV-III LAV; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; GENITAL ULCERS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV REPROD HLTH, WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL, BROOKLYN, NY 11203 USA. NR 162 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP 861 EP 871 DI 10.1097/00002030-199407000-00001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NU947 UT WOS:A1994NU94700001 PM 7946094 ER PT J AU BIRD, G COOK, R DEANGELIS, D FAREWELL, V FIELDING, K FORE, A GORE, S KRAMER, A LEE, C MCNEIL, A PEZZOTTI, P PHILLIPS, A RABOUD, J REZZA, G SABIN, C SATTEN, G BRETTLE, CR HAMILTON, B POVEY, S RAAB, G RICHARDSON, A AIUTI, F ANGARANO, G BARBANERA, M CANESSA, A CASTELLI, F GAFA, S LAZZARIN, A MURATORI, S PRISTERA, R RICCHI, E SALASSA, B SINICCO, A TIRELLI, U VIALE, P ZACCARELLI, M BOFILL, M ELFORD, J JANOSSY, G GOEDERT, J YELLIN, F COATES, R CALZAVARRA, L REID, S AF BIRD, G COOK, R DEANGELIS, D FAREWELL, V FIELDING, K FORE, A GORE, S KRAMER, A LEE, C MCNEIL, A PEZZOTTI, P PHILLIPS, A RABOUD, J REZZA, G SABIN, C SATTEN, G BRETTLE, CR HAMILTON, B POVEY, S RAAB, G RICHARDSON, A AIUTI, F ANGARANO, G BARBANERA, M CANESSA, A CASTELLI, F GAFA, S LAZZARIN, A MURATORI, S PRISTERA, R RICCHI, E SALASSA, B SINICCO, A TIRELLI, U VIALE, P ZACCARELLI, M BOFILL, M ELFORD, J JANOSSY, G GOEDERT, J YELLIN, F COATES, R CALZAVARRA, L REID, S TI IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS OF AIDS PROGRESSION - CONSISTENCY ACROSS 5 HIV-INFECTED COHORTS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS; COFACTORS; ZIDOVUDINE USE; AIDS PROGRESSION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; TYPE-1; SEROCONVERSION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; COUNTS; MODELS AB Objective: To provide background on five HIV-infected cohorts with documented seroconversion times and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M), CD4+ cell count and haemoglobin levels. To give a relative risks (RR) regression summary of the prognostic value of serial CD4+ cell count, IgA, beta(2)M and haemoglobin measurements for clinical AIDS, and to examine whether cofactors such as current age, sex and exposure category affect these RR. Design: The Multicohort Analysis Project (MAP) workshop was an international collaboration which brought statisticians, immunologists and clinicians from the five cohorts to work together for 10 days. A predefined restricted database was made available by each cohort for the workshop. Setting: The Medical Research Council (MRC) Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK hosted the MAP workshop from 19 to 30 April 1993. Subjects: MAP workshop database comprised 1744 patients with documented HIV seroconversion times, with 407 women, over 900 injecting drug users (IDU) and over 500 homosexual men; 363 patients had AIDS and there were 308 deaths. Main outcome measures: Descriptive statistics on survival and progression to clinical AIDS by cohort and exposure category, CD4+ cell count at AIDS diagnosis and pre-AIDS zidovudine therapy. RR summarizing the joint prognostic significance of serial markers and cofactors such as age, sex and exposure category for progression to clinical AIDS. Results: Slower progression to AIDS for IDU [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35-0.71] and heterosexuals (95% CI, 0.19-0.98) compared with homosexual men was confirmed after adjusting for current age-group and serial CD4+ cell counts. CD4+ cell counts at AIDS diagnosis were much higher among homosexual men before than after 1988 (median, 150 and 90 x 10(6)/l, respectively). Little zidovudine use was observed among AIDS cases diagnosed before 1988 (2%) but increased use was recorded after 1988 and 1989 (24%) and even greater use after 1990 (59%). Low serial CD4+ cell count, haemoglobin levels and high serum IgA and beta(2)M levels were associated with an increased risk of progression to AIDS. CD4+ cell count always provided prognostic information in addition to other markers; IgA and beta(2)M (95% CI, 1.23-1.50 and 105-1.51, respectively) were jointly prognostic. beta(2)M did not provide significant extra information (95% CI, 0.91-1.47) to the combination of serial CD4+ cell count and IgA, although haemoglobin did (95% CI: 0.74-0.91 for 10 g/l increase in haemoglobin). Interactions between cofactors, particularly exposure category and serial markers, were used to test for modifications in RR. The association between AIDS risk and serial CD4+ cell count was weaker, and with-elevated IgA stronger, for homosexual men; RR associated with high beta(2)M Values were lower for IDU, in whom beta(2)M may be elevated for reasons other than HIV disease. Conclusions: IgA and beta(2)M, which can be measured in small volumes of stored blood, are jointly predictive of progression to AIDS. Results were broadly consistent between cohorts representing different age-groups, seroconversion periods and exposure categories. Some regression effect modifications by exposure category were noted, however, which merit further independent study. C1 INST PUBL HLTH, MRC, BIOSTAT UNIT, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2SR, CAMBS, ENGLAND. CHURCHILL HOSP, DEPT IMMUNOL, OXFORD OX3 7LJ, ENGLAND. UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT STAT & ACTUARIAL SCI, WATERLOO N2L 3G1, ON, CANADA. PHLS, CTR COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE, CTR AIDS, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND. CTR HIV RES, MRC, BIAS, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV EPIDEMIOL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. ROYAL FREE HOSP, CTR HAEMOPHILIA, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. ROYAL FREE HOSP, HAEMOSTASIS UNIT, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. CITY HOSP EDINBURGH, MRC, BIOSTAT UNIT, EDINBURGH EH10 5SB, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. CITY HOSP EDINBURGH, REG INFECT DIS UNIT, EDINBURGH EH10 5SB, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. UCL, SCH MED, ACAD DEPT GENITOURINARY MED, LONDON W1N 8AA, ENGLAND. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA, DEPT HLTH CARE & EPIDEMIOL, VANCOUVER V6T 1W5, BC, CANADA. CANADIAN HIV TRIALS NETWORK, VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA. INST SUPER SANITA, AIDS UNIT, ROME, ITALY. ROYAL FREE HOSP, DEPT PUBL HLTH & PRIMARY CARE, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RI Sabin, Caroline/C-2464-2008; Castelli, Francesco/E-7045-2010; Phillips, Andrew/B-4427-2008; REZZA, GIOVANNI/D-4393-2016 OI Phillips, Andrew/0000-0003-2384-4807; REZZA, GIOVANNI/0000-0003-0268-6790 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP 911 EP 921 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NU947 UT WOS:A1994NU94700007 ER PT J AU BIRD, G COOK, R DEANGELIS, D FAREWELL, V FIELDING, K FORE, A GORE, S KRAMER, A LEE, C MCNEIL, A PEZZOTTI, P PHILLIPS, A RABOUD, J REZZA, G SABIN, C SATTEN, G BRETTLE, R HAMILTON, B POVEY, S RAAB, G RICHARDSON, A AIUTI, F ANGARANO, G BARBANERA, M CANESSA, A CASTELLI, F GAFA, S LAZZARIN, A MURATORI, S PRISTERA, R RICCHI, E SALASSA, B SINICCO, A TIRELLI, U VIALE, P ZACCARELLI, M BOFILL, M ELFORD, J JANOSSY, G GOEDERT, J YELLIN, F COATES, R CALZAVARRA, L REID, S AF BIRD, G COOK, R DEANGELIS, D FAREWELL, V FIELDING, K FORE, A GORE, S KRAMER, A LEE, C MCNEIL, A PEZZOTTI, P PHILLIPS, A RABOUD, J REZZA, G SABIN, C SATTEN, G BRETTLE, R HAMILTON, B POVEY, S RAAB, G RICHARDSON, A AIUTI, F ANGARANO, G BARBANERA, M CANESSA, A CASTELLI, F GAFA, S LAZZARIN, A MURATORI, S PRISTERA, R RICCHI, E SALASSA, B SINICCO, A TIRELLI, U VIALE, P ZACCARELLI, M BOFILL, M ELFORD, J JANOSSY, G GOEDERT, J YELLIN, F COATES, R CALZAVARRA, L REID, S TI IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKER PATHS FOR SEROCONVERSION - SINGLE DETERMINATIONS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A AND BETA(2)-MICROGLOBULIN ARE NOT ADEQUATE TO ESTIMATE TIME OF HIV-INFECTION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKER PATHS; COFACTORS; SINGLE SAMPLE DISCRIMINATION ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SERUM BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; AIDS; COHORT; PROGRESSION; MODEL AB Objective: To investigate the usefulness of single determinations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) levels in estimating the time from HIV seroconversion. Subjects: Five cohorts were represented in the workshop. The Multicohort Analysis Project (MAP) workshop database comprised 1744 HIV-infected patients with documented HIV seroconversion times, 363 of whom had AIDS. Overall, 1430 patients had two or more pre-AIDS CD4+ cell counts (13056 counts); 896 patients had two or more pre-AIDS IgA measurements (6081 observations); but only 2964 beta(2)M measurements were available. Main outcome measures: Marker paths for log, IgA and log, beta(2)M and for root CD4+ cell count. Dependence on cofactors (age, sex, mode of HIV transmission) and attention to inter-individual variation in seroconversion level and annual decline in root CD4+ cell count. Logistic discrimination was performed using cofactor-adjusted paired log, IgA and log(e) beta(2)M to date HIV infections as recent (within 3 years of seroconversion), intermediate, or distant (greater than or equal to 6 years after seroconversion). Transition intensities between immunologically defined states (using IgA or beta(2)M) and to clinical AIDS. Results: Linear functional form described the decline in root CD4+ cell count, except for the Italian cohort where a steeper annual loss of root CD4+ cell count occurred in the first year than thereafter. root CD4+ cell count at seroconversion depended on age and mode of transmission. Annual loss of root CD4+ cell count was less severe in those infected by sexual transmission. Non-monotone functional form emerged for log, IgA with an initial decrease in the first year after seroconversion followed by an increase thereafter. Log, IgA levels were higher in older subjects and in those infected by sexual transmission, but lower in women. A quadratic growth curve described the marker path for log, beta(2)M, which increased for 5-6 years after seroconversion but declined thereafter. Log, beta(2)M Values were significantly higher in older patients and injecting drug users, but lower in women. The considerable heterogeneity of marker paths between individuals affected all three markers, but marker values appeared to track within an individual. Discrimination based on paired IgA and beta(2)M measurements from single blood samples performed poorly in classifying HIV infections as recent, intermediate or distant. High intensities of backward as well as forward transitions between immunologically defined states explained the poor discrimination based on single sample per individual. Conclusions: Further study of how serum IgA reflects HIV infection and careful clinical and statistical assessment of reduced beta(2)M from 5 or 6 years after HIV infection are needed. The dependence of marker paths on mode of HIV transmission suggests that sexual transmission may have implications for HIV disease progression. The feasibility of using serum IgA and beta(2)M, evaluable in single stored blood samples, to estimate time of HIV infection has been set back by our results. C1 INST PUBL HLTH, MRC, BIOSTAT UNIT, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2SR, CAMBS, ENGLAND. CHURCHILL HOSP, DEPT IMMUNOL, OXFORD OX3 7LJ, ENGLAND. UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT STAT & ACTUARIAL SCI, WATERLOO N2L 3G1, ON, CANADA. PHLS, CTR COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE, CTR AIDS, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND. CTR HIV RES, MRC, BIAS, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV EPIDEMIOL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. ROYAL FREE HOSP, CTR HAEMOPHILIA, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. ROYAL FREE HOSP, HAEMOSTASIS UNIT, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. CITY HOSP EDINBURGH, MRC, BIOSTAT UNIT, EDINBURGH EH10 5SB, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. CITY HOSP EDINBURGH, REG INFECT DIS UNIT, EDINBURGH EH10 5SB, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. UCL, SCH MED, ACAD DEPT GENITOURINARY MED, LONDON W1N 8AA, ENGLAND. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA, DEPT HLTH CARE & EPIDEMIOL, VANCOUVER V6T 1W5, BC, CANADA. CANADIAN HIV TRIALS NETWORK, VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA. INST SUPER SANITA, AIDS UNIT, ROME, ITALY. ROYAL FREE HOSP, DEPT PUBL HLTH & PRIMARY CARE, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RI Sabin, Caroline/C-2464-2008; Castelli, Francesco/E-7045-2010; Phillips, Andrew/B-4427-2008; REZZA, GIOVANNI/D-4393-2016 OI Phillips, Andrew/0000-0003-2384-4807; REZZA, GIOVANNI/0000-0003-0268-6790 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP 923 EP 933 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NU947 UT WOS:A1994NU94700008 ER PT J AU WORTLEY, PM FARIZO, KM SORILLO, F RIETMEIJER, C RIMLAND, D REYNOLDS, K MORSE, A BLOSTEIN, J BELL, CE HOPKINS, S AF WORTLEY, PM FARIZO, KM SORILLO, F RIETMEIJER, C RIMLAND, D REYNOLDS, K MORSE, A BLOSTEIN, J BELL, CE HOPKINS, S TI PNEUMOCOCCAL AND INFLUENZA VACCINATION LEVELS AMONG HIV-INFECTED ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS RECEIVING MEDICAL-CARE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; HIV; AIDS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNIZATION; BACTEREMIA AB Objective: To assess pneumococcal and influenza vaccination coverage among HIV-infected adolescents and adults receiving medical care in the United States. Design: Periodic medical record reviews. Setting: More than 90 clinics, hospitals, and private medical practices in nine cities. Patients: HIV-infected individuals aged greater than or equal to 13 years were included in the analyses of pneumococcal (n = 9737) and influenza (n = 6161) vaccination coverage. Main outcome measures: Documentation of receipt of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in medical records during 6-18-month and 12-month periods, respectively. Results: Overall, 37 and 33% of individuals received pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, respectively. In general, vaccination levels varied little by age group, race/ethnicity, or mode of HIV exposure. Having had at least five medical visits was significantly associated with having received pneumococcal and influenza vaccines [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.7 for each]. Having a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count < 200 x 10(6)/l (adjusted OR, 0.8) and being female (adjusted OR, 0.7) were associated with non-receipt of pneumococcal vaccine. Lower pneumococcal vaccination coverage among women was mostly accounted for by pregnancy. Conclusion: Until new, more effective means of preventing pneumococcal disease and influenza become available, efforts should be directed towards improving vaccination levels among HIV-infected individuals. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. HOUSTON DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,HOUSTON,TX. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RP WORTLEY, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP 941 EP 944 DI 10.1097/00002030-199407000-00010 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NU947 UT WOS:A1994NU94700010 PM 7946103 ER PT J AU WENIGER, BG AF WENIGER, BG TI EXPERIENCE FROM HIV INCIDENCE COHORTS IN THAILAND - IMPLICATIONS FOR HIV VACCINE EFFICACY TRIALS SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV; AIDS; INCIDENCE; THAILAND; RURAL POPULATION; PROSTITUTION; SUBSTANCE USE; AIDS VACCINE RP WENIGER, BG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS E50,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1994 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1007 EP 1010 DI 10.1097/00002030-199407000-00020 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NU947 UT WOS:A1994NU94700020 PM 7946086 ER PT J AU LIEBHABER, FB JUOZAITIS, A WILLEKE, K BARON, P TALASKA, G CHEN, CC AF LIEBHABER, FB JUOZAITIS, A WILLEKE, K BARON, P TALASKA, G CHEN, CC TI TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING THE ELECTRICAL CHARGE LEVELS OF AEROSOLS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WORKPLACE AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; DEPOSITION; FILTRATION AB A relatively low-cost and easy-to-use method for estimating the charge level on aerosols has been developed. II uses the properties of an electrostatically enhanced (electret) filter combined with an optical pal-tide counter to obtain size-dependent char-ge levels of workplace aerosols. The optical particle counter is calibrated to give a ''filtration equivalent'' particle size. For the size range of the present measurements, this is similar to geometric size. The aerosol concentration is measured before and after neutralization to deter-mine a penetration ratio that can be approximately correlated with particle electrical mobility. For a particle of a given size, the penetration ratio increases with increasing particle charge level. The method was calibrated with monodisperse methylene blue particles charged to a known level. A polydisperse CaCO3 aerosol, characterized as to size-dependent charge levels, also was measured. Finally, the charge level on a copy-machine toner dust was measured to simulate a highly charged workplace aerosol. The method is limited to the size range of 0.1 mu m to 0.7 mu m by the characteristics of the electret filter. Electrical mobilities ranging from 0.01 to 1 cm(2)/statV sec can be measured. The charge level on one particle size in a size distribution is proportional to the charge on other sizes, and can thus be al? indicator of charge level of the overall aerosol. Although of limited size-range capability, the method can serve as an indicator of the importance of aerosol charge for sampling or for health effects. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,AEROSOL RES & RESP PROTECT LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,METHODS RES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. OI Chen, Chih-Chieh/0000-0002-9050-3749 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 55 IS 7 BP 610 EP 618 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<0610:TFATEC>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NU501 UT WOS:A1994NU50100006 ER PT J AU JOHNSONSPEAR, MA YIP, R AF JOHNSONSPEAR, MA YIP, R TI HEMOGLOBIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN WITH COMPARABLE IRON STATUS - JUSTIFICATION FOR RACE-SPECIFIC ANEMIA CRITERIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HEMOGLOBIN; ANEMIA; IRON DEFICIENCY; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; RACE; SCREENING ID UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; VALUES; CHILDREN; DEFICIENCY; HEMATOCRIT AB To determine the appropriateness of race-specific criteria for anemia, we used the sample of women of childbearing age from the Second National Health and Examination Survey to examine the relationship between hemoglobin and iron status for blacks and whites. After adjustment for major factors known to cause hemoglobin variation, including iron nutrition status, black women overall had a significantly lower mean hemoglobin value (126 +/- 12 g/L) than white women (134 +/- 11 g/L). Comparison of the probability plots of black and white hemoglobin distributions found the difference across the distributions to not be uniform, likely because a subset of black women had lower hemoglobin values rather than because of a generalized lowering. This finding suggests that it may not be appropriate to have a separate criteria for all blacks to accommodate the subset with lower hemoglobin. However, evaluation of the screening performance of hemoglobin found that race-specific anemia criteria (10 g/L difference) yielded a comparable sensitivity and specificity in detecting iron deficiency for both races. In contrast, a fixed anemia criterion did not yield comparable screening performances for the two races. This functional evaluation supports considering race-specific anemia criteria for screening iron deficiency. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 21 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 60 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NW657 UT WOS:A1994NW65700020 PM 8017324 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW BOYD, D CHECKO, PJ CONTI, L DAVIDSON, AJ HERMANN, P HERR, M LEVY, A SHIELDS, A SORVILLO, F MOKOTOFF, E WHYTE, B HERSH, BS AF DIAZ, T CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW BOYD, D CHECKO, PJ CONTI, L DAVIDSON, AJ HERMANN, P HERR, M LEVY, A SHIELDS, A SORVILLO, F MOKOTOFF, E WHYTE, B HERSH, BS TI SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES AMONG PEOPLE WITH AIDS - RESULTS FROM A MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB To characterize the socioeconomic status of persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 11 U.S. state and city health departments interviewed 2,898 persons greater-than-or-equal-to 18 years of age reported with AIDS between June 1, 1990, and January 31, 1993. Among men who have sex with men, white men reported the lowest percentage (9%), and Central/South American (50%) and Mexican men (40%) reported the highest percentages not completing 12 years of school. Among intravenous drug users (IDUs), 35% of white men, 64% of black men, 67% of Puerto Rican men, 29% of white women, and 63% of black women had not completed 12 years of school. Overall, 77% of the men and 90% of the women were unemployed; we also found racial/ethnic differences by employment but to a lesser degree than differences in education. Among women, but not among men, differences in household income by race and ethnicity were marked; 76% of white and 91% of black female IDUs reported a household income of $10,000. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs must be targeted toward the educational level of the populations served, and HIV services must adapt to the financial circumstances of their clientele. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 0 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PH877 UT WOS:A1994PH87700006 PM 7803064 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A FREEDMAN, MA PAUL, JE RIZZO, NP PAWATE, VI TURCZYN, KM AF FRIEDE, A FREEDMAN, MA PAUL, JE RIZZO, NP PAWATE, VI TURCZYN, KM TI DATA2000 - CDC WONDER INFORMATION-SYSTEM LINKING HEALTHY-PEOPLE-2000 OBJECTIVES TO DATA SETS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB To monitor progress on the Healthy People (HP) 2000 objectives, planners and researchers will need information on relevant data sources. DATA2000 is a project designed to identify these data and link them with objectives and to develop a computerized information system providing access to this information. Sources of information on objectives and data included Healthy People 2000, catalogs and data bases of data sets, and the HP 2000 Steering Committee. We created an ''assessment'' of the utility of the data set for the particular objective. A Centers for Disease Control (CDC) WONDER-based information system was developed (using methods previously described). We identified 204 data sets and created 408 assessments. All but one of the objectives were paired with corresponding data. Over half the data come from CDC. The CDC WONDER-based information system crosslinks the objectives, data sets, and assessments and provides 5-10 pages of information about each. Understanding the contribution of prevention will be critical in planning reforms of the health care system. DATA2000 can be an important resource in this process. RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYSTEMS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-88-0643] NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 230 EP 234 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PH877 UT WOS:A1994PH87700008 PM 7803066 ER PT J AU MASTRO, TD KITAYAPORN, D WENIGER, BG VANICHSENI, S LAOSUNTHORN, V UNEKLABH, T UNEKLABH, C CHOOPANYA, K LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K AF MASTRO, TD KITAYAPORN, D WENIGER, BG VANICHSENI, S LAOSUNTHORN, V UNEKLABH, T UNEKLABH, C CHOOPANYA, K LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K TI ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF HIV-INFECTED INJECTION-DRUG USERS IN BANGKOK - A CAPTURE-RECAPTURE METHOD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on AIDS/3rd Sexually Transmitted Disease World Congress CY JUL 19-24, 1992 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; MORTALITY AB Objectives. The purpose of the study was to estimate the number of injection drug users infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Bangkok to allow planning for health services for this population. Methods. A two-sample capture-recapture method was used. The first capture listed all persons on methadone treatment for opiate addiction from April 17 through May 17, 1991, at 18 facilities in Bangkok. The second capture involved urine testing of persons held at 72 Bangkok police stations from June 3 through September 30, 1991. Persons whose urine tests were positive for opiate metabolites or methadone were included on the second list. Results. The first capture comprised 4064 persons and the recapture 1540 persons. There were 171 persons included on both lists, yielding an estimate of 36600 opiate users in Bangkok. Existing data indicate that 89% of opiate users in Bangkok inject drugs and that about one third are infected with HIV, yielding an estimate of approximately 12000 HIV-infected injection drug users in Bangkok in 1991. Conclusions: During the 1990s the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other HIV-related diseases, including tuberculosis. in the population: of HIV-infected injection drug users in Bangkok will increase dramatically, placing new demands on existing health care facilities. The capture-recapture method mag; be useful in estimating difficult-to-count populations, including injection drug users. C1 HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,DEPT HLTH,BANGKOK,THAILAND. OFF NARCOT CONTROL BOARD,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MINIST PUBL HLTH,THANYARAK HOSP,PATHUM THANI,THAILAND. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1994 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1094 EP 1099 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1094 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB870 UT WOS:A1994PB87000009 PM 8017531 ER PT J AU LOWRY, R HOLTZMAN, D TRUMAN, BI KANN, L COLLINS, JL KOLBE, LJ AF LOWRY, R HOLTZMAN, D TRUMAN, BI KANN, L COLLINS, JL KOLBE, LJ TI SUBSTANCE USE AND HIV-RELATED SEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG US HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - ARE THEY RELATED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENT DRUG-USE; YOUNG ADULTHOOD; RISK; PATTERNS; INVOLVEMENT; CRACK; AIDS; PROGRESSION; INFECTION AB Objectives. This study was undertaken to examine whether use of alcohol, cigarettes; marijuana, cocaine, and other illicit drugs is related to the likelihood of sexual behaviors that increase risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among youth. Methods. The 1990 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey was used to collect Self-reported information about a broad range of health risk behaviors from a representative sample of 11631 high school students in the United States. Results. Students who reported no substance use were least likely to report having had sexual intercourse, having had four or more sex partners, and not having used a condom at last sexual intercourse. Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, odds ratios for each of these sexual risk behaviors were greatest among students who had used marijuana, cocaine, or other illicit drugs. Students who had used only alcohol or cigarettes had smaller but still significant increases in the likelihood of having had sexual intercourse and of having had four or more sex partners. Conclusions. HIV prevention programs for youth should recognize that substance use may be an important indicator of risk for HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome through its association with unsafe sexual behaviors. RP LOWRY, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 149 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1994 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1116 EP 1120 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1116 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB870 UT WOS:A1994PB87000013 PM 8017535 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG SACKS, JJ KRESNOW, MJ ONEIL, J RYAN, GW AF ADDISS, DG SACKS, JJ KRESNOW, MJ ONEIL, J RYAN, GW TI THE COMPLIANCE OF LICENSED US CHILD-CARE CENTERS WITH NATIONAL-HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB The American Public Health Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics recently published health and safety guidelines for child care centers. A survey was conducted ;to,determine the extent to which practices in US child care centers are reflective of these guidelines. Compliance with 16 guidelines ranged from 19.5% to 98.6%, varied considerably by state, and was not consistently associated with selected center characteristics. Prevention efforts should focus on practices for which compliance is low and on those that have the greatest disease- and injury-reducing potential. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV PEDIAT DIS F22,4770 BUFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1994 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1161 EP 1164 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1161 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB870 UT WOS:A1994PB87000024 PM 8017546 ER PT J AU DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M MURPHY, CC DECOUFLE, P AF DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M MURPHY, CC DECOUFLE, P TI HEARING IMPAIRMENT AMONG 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN - METROPOLITAN ATLANTA, 1985 THROUGH 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID BILATERAL SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS; CHILDHOOD DEAFNESS; MATERNAL RUBELLA; PREVALENCE; AUSTRALIA; ETIOLOGY AB The prevalence of hearing im pairment among 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta between 1985 and 1987 was evaluated. Hearing-impaired children were identified by reviewing records at public schools and health and social service agencies. The prevalence was 1.1 per 1000 and was slightly higher among Blacks and boys than among Whites and girls. The most common known causes of hearing impairment were meningitis (0.3 per 1000), genetic and hereditary conditions (0.2 per 1000), and congenital rubella syndrome(0.1 per 1000). For 55% of the children, the etiology of the hearing loss could not be determined. Most (74%) of the children were diagnosed after the age of 2, suggesting that methods of early identification need to be improved. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BATTELLE MEM INST,ARLINGTON,VA. RP DREWS, CD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1994 VL 84 IS 7 BP 1164 EP 1166 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1164 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB870 UT WOS:A1994PB87000025 PM 8017547 ER PT J AU BENNETT, SN PETERSON, DE JOHNSON, DR HALL, WN ROBINSONDUNN, B DIETRICH, S AF BENNETT, SN PETERSON, DE JOHNSON, DR HALL, WN ROBINSONDUNN, B DIETRICH, S TI BRONCHOSCOPY-ASSOCIATED MYCOBACTERIUM-XENOPI PSEUDOINFECTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; INFECTION; DISEASE; CONTAMINATION; DISINFECTANTS; TUBERCULOSIS; HOST AB Mycobacterium xenopi typically accounts for less than 0.3% of all clinical mycobacterial isolates. Over a 37-mo period, 21 (35%) of 60 mycobacterial isolates from a Michigan hospital were identified as M. xenopi. Hospital, laboratory, and bronchoscopy records were reviewed to determine case characteristics, develop a case series, and calculate procedure-specific M. xenopi isolation rates. A case-control study was conducted to elucidate aspects of the bronchoscopy procedure associated with M. xenopi isolation. Bronchoscope cleaning procedures were reviewed, and hospital water systems were cultured. Four isolates were from three patients with disease attributable to M. xenopi. Of the other isolates, specimens obtained by bronchoscopy were more likely to yield M. xenopi than were specimens obtained by other routes (relative risk, 9.7; 95% confidence intervals, 3.2, 29.6). Bronchoscopes were disinfected in a 0.13% glutaraldehyde-phenate and tap-water bath and then were rinsed in tap water. Water from the hot water tank supplying this area yielded M. xenopi. Mycobacteria were cultured from bronchoscopes after disinfection. M. xenopi in the tap water appears to have contaminated the bronchoscopes during cleaning. Adequate disinfection of contaminated bronchoscopes and careful collection of specimens to avoid contamination with contaminated water are essential, both for limiting diagnostic confusion caused by mycobacterial pseudoinfections and for reducing risks of disease transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR INFECT DIS CONTROL,LANSING,MI. RP BENNETT, SN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 150 IS 1 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA NW659 UT WOS:A1994NW65900041 PM 8025757 ER PT J AU SCHIEBER, RA AF SCHIEBER, RA TI FATAL AND NONFATAL INJURIES CAUSED BY FALLING SOCCER GOALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SCHIEBER, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 22 IS 4 BP 569 EP 570 DI 10.1177/036354659402200427 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA NX453 UT WOS:A1994NX45300030 PM 7943528 ER PT J AU HJELLE, B KHABBAZ, RF CONWAY, GA NORTH, C GREEN, D KAPLAN, JE AF HJELLE, B KHABBAZ, RF CONWAY, GA NORTH, C GREEN, D KAPLAN, JE TI PREVALENCE OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II IN AMERICAN-INDIAN POPULATIONS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HTLV-II; SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA; SENSITIVITY; IMMUNOBLOT AB We investigated the seroprevalence of human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) using a screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot confirmation among the predominant tribes (Pueblo and Athapaskan) served by two large Indian Health Service facilities in New Mexico. Among persons being treated for sexually transmitted diseases, eight (3.2%) of 250 were seropositive for HTLV II, compared with eight (2.1%) of 385 women attending prenatal clinics. In a survey of unselected patients at one of the facilities, 15 (3.4%) of 446 were seropositive. Of 31 seropositive subjects, 25 were infected with HTLV-II and six infections could not be typed. Sera from nine (29%) of the 31 infected subjects had absorbance values less than the manufacturer's cutoff in the ELISA. Both Pueblo and Athapaskan groups had similar overall seroprevalences, but women tended to have a slightly higher seroprevalence than men, and seroprevalence tended to increase with age. These data show that HTLV-II infection is present among diverse groups of American Indians in the southwestern United States. Present ELISA screening tests, such as those used in this study, lack sensitivity to HTLV-II infection unless a reduced absorbance cutoff is used. C1 NEW MEXICOITED BLOOD SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HJELLE, B (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA55480] NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PD703 UT WOS:A1994PD70300002 PM 8059909 ER PT J AU APOSTOL, BL BLACK, WC REITER, P MILLER, BR AF APOSTOL, BL BLACK, WC REITER, P MILLER, BR TI USE OF RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA AMPLIFIED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION MARKERS TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF AEDES-AEGYPTI FAMILIES AT OVIPOSITION SITES IN SAN-JUAN, PUERTO-RICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; L DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO; TRINIDAD; PCR AB We report the application of a molecular genetic technique to estimate the number of full-sibling families of Aedes aegypti contained in oviposition traps. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction markers were used to estimate the numbers and sizes of families in traps at field locations in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Forty-nine presumptive loci were amplified with five primers in a total of 813 individuals from 26 sites. The average family size was 10.95, but the size distribution was skewed with an excess of small families containing 1-2 individuals. The number of families increased with the number of eggs in traps; however, the average family size decreased as the number of eggs increased. This suggests that females oviposited only a few eggs in traps that were recently placed in the field and lacked mosquito eggs or fewer eggs were oviposited as traps became crowded. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTONOL ECOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,ARTHROPOD BORNE & INFECT DIS LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 15 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PD703 UT WOS:A1994PD70300013 PM 8059920 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, LH KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S MONROE, M GOLDSMITH, CS HUMPHREY, CD ZAKI, SR KREBS, JW MAUPIN, G GAGE, K CHILDS, JE NICHOL, ST PETERS, CJ AF ELLIOTT, LH KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S MONROE, M GOLDSMITH, CS HUMPHREY, CD ZAKI, SR KREBS, JW MAUPIN, G GAGE, K CHILDS, JE NICHOL, ST PETERS, CJ TI ISOLATION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; VIRUS; PROPAGATION AB Investigation of a recent outbreak of acute respiratory illness in the southwestern United States resulted in the recognition of a new disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) with high mortality. Different animals and cell lines were used in attempts to isolate the causative agent. A previously unknown hantavirus was passaged in laboratory-bred deer mice, recovered from lung tissues of a deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and propagated in the E6 clone of Vero cells. Virus antigen was readily detected in the infected cells by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, using convalescent-phase sera from HPS patients. By electron microscopy, the virus was shown to have the typical morphologic features of members of the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. Virus sequences corresponded to those previously detected by a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay of hantavirus-infected specimens from rodents and humans. This newly recognized virus, the etiologic agent of HPS, has been tentatively named Muerto Canyon virus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 13 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PD703 UT WOS:A1994PD70300015 PM 8059907 ER PT J AU DOLL, JM ZEITZ, PS ETTESTAD, P BUCHOLTZ, AL DAVIS, T GAGE, K AF DOLL, JM ZEITZ, PS ETTESTAD, P BUCHOLTZ, AL DAVIS, T GAGE, K TI CAT-TRANSMITTED FATAL PNEUMONIC PLAGUE IN A PERSON WHO TRAVELED FROM COLORADO TO ARIZONA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC CAT AB Plague, primarily a disease of rodents and their infected fleas, is fatal in 50% of infected humans if untreated. In the United States, human cases have been concentrated in the southwest. The most common modes of plague transmission are through flea bites or through contact with infected blood or tissues; however, primary pneumonic plague acquired from cats has become increasingly recognized. We report on the case investigation of a patient, presumably exposed to a plague-infected cat in Colorado, who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and subsequently died of primary pneumonic plague. Public health officials should be vigilant for plague activity in rodent populations, veterinarians should suspect feline plague in ill or deceased cats, and physicians should have a high index of suspicion for plague in any person who has traveled to plague enzootic areas. C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,DIS PREVENT SERV,VECTOR & ZOONOT CONTROL SECT,PHOENIX,AZ 85015. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PHOENIX,AZ. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. PIMA CTY FORENS SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. OI Zeitz, Paul/0000-0002-0865-088X NR 17 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PD703 UT WOS:A1994PD70300016 PM 8059908 ER PT J AU WINTERSCHEID, KK WHITTINGTON, WL ROBERTS, MC SCHWEBKE, JR HOLMES, KK AF WINTERSCHEID, KK WHITTINGTON, WL ROBERTS, MC SCHWEBKE, JR HOLMES, KK TI DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PENICILLIN-G AND TET-M PLASMIDS IN GENITAL AND ANORECTAL ISOLATES OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID LEVEL TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; GONORRHOEAE AB Genital and anorectal isolates of Neisseria meningitidis were characterized, and their antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined. Twelve of 43 isolates demonstrated moderate susceptibility to penicillin G (MIC range, 0.125 to 0.5 mu g/ml). Two isolates were resistant to tetracycline (MIC, greater than or equal to 8 mu g/ml) and contained plasmids of 25.2 MDa. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PATHOBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31448, AI 24136] NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1661 EP 1663 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NU598 UT WOS:A1994NU59800040 PM 7979304 ER PT J AU RICE, RJ KNAPP, JS AF RICE, RJ KNAPP, JS TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE ASSOCIATED WITH PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE TO CEFOXITIN, CEFTRIAXONE, CLINDAMYCIN, GENTAMICIN, DOXYCYCLINE, AZITHROMYCIN, AND OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; RESISTANCE AB We determined the susceptibilities, by the agar dilution method, of 84 recent clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained from women with pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States to the following antimicrobial agents: penicillin, cefoxitin, cefotetan, ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, cefixime, tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Twenty-five percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and 20% were resistant to tetracycline. In comparison, doxycycline was more active than tetracycline and azithromycin was more active than erythromycin in vitro, Ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, and cefixime were equally active against penicillin-susceptible isolates, but they had different in vitro activities against gonococcal isolates possessing chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin. Overall, cefoxitin was slightly more active than cefotetan add ciprofloxacin was more active in vitro than ofloxacin, especially against N. gonorrhoeae with chromosomally mediated resistance. Criteria for the interpretation of susceptibility data for N. gonorrhoeae are not available for clindamycin or gentamicin, but for at least half of all isolates, including penicillin-susceptible isolates, at least 4 mu g of clindamycin or gentamicin per ml was required to inhibit growth in vitro. RP RICE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1688 EP 1691 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NU598 UT WOS:A1994NU59800048 PM 7979312 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI UNTITLED SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), ATSDR,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NZ333 UT WOS:A1994NZ33300001 PM 8031175 ER PT J AU SOSNIAK, WA KAYE, WE GOMEZ, TM AF SOSNIAK, WA KAYE, WE GOMEZ, TM TI DATA LINKAGE TO EXPLORE THE RISK OF LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL PROXIMITY TO HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES FROM THE NATIONAL-PRIORITIES LIST SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY AB Data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey files were linked with data from the 1990 Environmental Protection Agency National Priorities List of hazardous waste sites to determine whether any relationship existed between living in proximity to hazardous waste sites and low birthweight. The odds ratio for low birthweight versus normal birthweight was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [95% Cl] = 0.98-1.16), and remained at 0.99 (95% Cl = 0.86-1.16) when adjusted for maternal age, parity, infant sex, prenatal care, and behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Very low birthweight, infant and fetal death, prematurity, and congenital malformation were not found to be associated with living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste site during pregnancy. Merging a large population database with environmental data proved to be an innovative but not very efficient method of assessing the risks of low birthweight related to the environment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SOSNIAK, WA (reprint author), ATSDR,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ESB,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NZ333 UT WOS:A1994NZ33300007 PM 8031180 ER PT J AU CRAGAN, JD MARTIN, ML WATERS, GD KHOURY, MJ AF CRAGAN, JD MARTIN, ML WATERS, GD KHOURY, MJ TI INCREASED RISK OF SMALL-INTESTINAL ATRESIA AMONG TWINS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEFECTS AB Objective: To compare the prevalence of small intestinal atresia among twins and singletons in the United States. Design: Descriptive analysis. Measurements: The McDonnell Douglas Health Information System (MDHIS), a national registry of newborn diagnoses, 1982 through 1988; and the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a registry of defects among infants in Atlanta, 1968 through 1989. Patients: Live-born infants with small intestinal atresia. Interventions: None. Main Results: In both systems, the rate of small intestinal atresia was higher among twins than singletons (MDHIS: 5.5 per 10 000 vs 2.0, relative risk [RR] = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9 to 4.0; MACDP: 7.3 vs 2.5, RR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5 to 5.7). The increase was more notable among same-sex twins than opposite-sex twins, suggesting an increase among monozygotic twins. It was also more notable among twins with jejunoileal atresia than those with duodenal atresia, suggesting a vascular cause in many cases. Conclusion: Twins have a higher rate of small intestinal atresia than singletons, possibly due to vascular disruption in monozygotic twins. RP CRAGAN, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 148 IS 7 BP 733 EP 739 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NX595 UT WOS:A1994NX59500017 PM 8019630 ER PT J AU VODKIN, MH STREIT, T MITCHELL, CJ MCLAUGHLIN, GL NOVAK, RJ AF VODKIN, MH STREIT, T MITCHELL, CJ MCLAUGHLIN, GL NOVAK, RJ TI PCR-BASED DETECTION OF ARBOVIRAL RNA FROM MOSQUITOS HOMOGENIZED IN DETERGENT SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CELLS AB An improved method for the extraction of viral RNAs was developed to facilitate the reverse transcription (RT)-PCR detection of mosquitoes infected with Western equine encephalitis virus or La Crosse virus. The solubilization method which uses only EDTA and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) followed by dilution of sample, allows accurate viral detection through the use of random hexamers for the RT followed by specific primers for the PCR. Identities of the reaction products were confirmed either by sequencing or restriction endonuclease digestion. Previous methods for the extraction of RNA for the coupled RT-PCR depended on combinations of guanidinium isothiocyanate, acid phenol, detergents and multiple centrifugations. ideally routine detection of viral RNAs for diagnostic purposes should bypass many of the above steps, while still providing a sensitive assay Our level of detection is 1 infected mosquito in a group of 100. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN. RP VODKIN, MH (reprint author), ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CTR ECON ENTOMOL,607 E PEABODY DR,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-02753] NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1 BP 114 EP 116 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NW384 UT WOS:A1994NW38400026 PM 7946293 ER PT J AU BYERS, T AF BYERS, T TI NUTRITIONAL RISK-FACTORS FOR BREAST-CANCER SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Cancer-Society National Conference on Breast Cancer CY AUG 26-28, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP AMER CANC SOC, AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS, AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS, AMER COLL RADIOL, AMER COLL SURGEONS COMMISS CANC, AMER OSTEOPATH ASSOC, AMER SOC PREVENT ONCOL, NATL ASSOC ONCOL SOCIAL WORKERS, NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS, ONCOL NURSING SOC, SOC SURG ONCOL DE BREAST NEOPLASMS; ETIOLOGY; PREVENTION; NUTRITION; DIET; ALCOHOL; OBESITY ID ALCOHOLIC-BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; DIETARY-FAT; VITAMIN-E; FOLLOW-UP; BETA-CAROTENE; REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; FAMILY HISTORY; SERUM LEVELS AB The observation of large differences in breast cancer rates between countries has led to the hypothesis that excessive intake of dietary fat is an important risk factor for breast cancer in women. Case-control and prospective studies, however, generally have failed to show associations between dietary fat and breast cancer risk. There therefore is only weak evidence that modest reductions in fat intake (for instance to levels of 30% of caloric intake from fat) will reduce breast cancer risk. The possible benefits of lowering fat intake to levels substantially below 30% of calories will need to be tested in a randomized trial. In the meantime, the possible roles of micronutrient imbalances and childhood nutritional factors need to be studied better. Obesity is related to breast cancer in a complex way that suggests that a hormonal correlate of excessive body weight might affect breast cancer growth and metastasis. The potential benefit of intentional weight loss as an adjunct breast cancer treatment deserves further study. Many studies have suggested that drinking alcohol, even at modest levels, might increase breast cancer risk. Because the potential benefits of modest levels of alcohol for cardiovascular disease may outweigh the risk for breast cancer, recommendations for total alcohol abstinence may be premature for women with an average breast cancer risk. Women at unusually high risk for breast cancer who have a lower-than-average risk for cardiovascular disease, however, might make an informed decision to abstain from alcohol intake. Following current dietary advice to increase the amount of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in the diet while reducing fats is certainly prudent for women to reduce their risk of several chronic disease, but current data points to the somber conclusion that such changes probably will have little effect on breast cancer risk. RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1 SU S BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NU475 UT WOS:A1994NU47500011 PM 8004599 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK AHMAD, H MOLEDINA, N AF SEKHON, AS PADHYE, AA GARG, AK AHMAD, H MOLEDINA, N TI IN-VITRO SENSITIVITY OF MEDICALLY SIGNIFICANT FUSARIUM SPECIES TO VARIOUS ANTIMYCOTICS SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTIMYCOTICS; FUSARIUM SPECIES; FLUCONAZOLE; 5-FLUOROCYTOSINE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE ID INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; CULTURE MEDIA; ITRACONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; YEASTS; HOST AB Sixteen isolates belonging to Fusarium chlamydosporum (n = 4), Fusarium equiseti (n = 1), Fusarium moniliforme (n = 2), Fusarium oxysporum (n = 3), Fusarium proliferatum (n = 1), and Fusarium solani (n = 5) were tested against amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, JAI-amphotericin B (water-soluble compound), hamycin and amphotericin B combined with 5-fluorocytosine, using antibiotic medium M3, high-resolution broth (pH 7.1), Sabouraud's dextrose, and yeast-nitrogen broth media (1 ml/tube). The minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole for all species were > 100 mu g/ml. All Fusarium isolates, except F. equiseti (3.125 mu g), gave minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12.5-100 mu g/ml for hamycin. The values for amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, JAI-amphotericin B, and amphotericin B combined with 5-fluorocytosine were 1.56-100, 0.78-50, 3.125-100, 50-100, and 1.56 to > 100 mu g/ml, respectively. Although a wide range of minimal inhibitory concentrations was recorded for most of the isolates studied, it appears that some - F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, and F. moliniforme - were more susceptible to amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, hamycin, and amphotericin B in the presence of 5-fluorocytosine. All isolates showed resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole. The minimal fungicidal concentrations were either the same or several times higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations. C1 UNIV ALBERTA HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH,EDMONTON T6G 2B7,AB,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA HOSP,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH,EDMONTON T6G 2J2,AB,CANADA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 40 IS 4 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NQ636 UT WOS:A1994NQ63600004 PM 8082411 ER PT J AU ZANCOPEOLIVEIRA, RM BRAGG, SL REISS, E WANKE, B PERALTA, JM AF ZANCOPEOLIVEIRA, RM BRAGG, SL REISS, E WANKE, B PERALTA, JM TI EFFECTS OF HISTOPLASMIN-M ANTIGEN CHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC DEGLYCOSYLATION ON CROSS-REACTIVITY IN THE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT METHOD SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; CAPSULATUM AB The enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) method was evaluated as a suitable method for detecting antibodies against M antigen of Histoplasma capsulatum by use of both glycosylated and deglycosylated M protein of histoplasmin (HMIN). Sera from patients with histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis were tested by the EITB with glycosylated M protein of HMIN. This assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity with histoplasmosis serum samples, all of which reacted with the 94-kDa glycoprotein (M antigen). Although the EITB is highly sensitive, it is not specific for histoplasmosis when glycosylated M protein is used as an antigen. A total of 81% of paracoccidioidomycosis, 25% of blastomycosis, 33% of coccidioidomycosis, 73% of aspergillosis, and 16% of tuberculosis serum samples cross-reacted with M protein of HMIN and yielded patterns indistinguishable from those obtained with histoplasmosis serum samples. The EITB reactions with both untreated M antigen and M antigen altered by periodate oxidation or by deglycosylation with endoglycosidases were compared. Cross-reactions with heterologous sera in the EITB could be attributed to periodate-sensitive carbohydrate epitopes, as reflected by the increase in the test specificity from 46.1 to 91.2% after periodate treatment of M protein. The EITB for the detection of antibodies to M antigen is a potential diagnostic test for histoplasmosis, provided that periodate-treated M protein is used as an antigen. C1 FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941970 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. HOSP EVANDRO CHAGAS,FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ,MICOL MED LAB,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Zancope-Oliveira, Rosely /I-1955-2013 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 1 IS 4 BP 390 EP 393 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT565 UT WOS:A1994PT56500005 PM 8556474 ER PT J AU SAMPSON, EJ NEEDHAM, LL PIRKLE, JL HANNON, WH MILLER, DT PATTERSON, DG BERNERT, JT ASHLEY, DL HILL, RH GUNTER, EW PASCHAL, DC SPIERTO, FW RICH, MJ AF SAMPSON, EJ NEEDHAM, LL PIRKLE, JL HANNON, WH MILLER, DT PATTERSON, DG BERNERT, JT ASHLEY, DL HILL, RH GUNTER, EW PASCHAL, DC SPIERTO, FW RICH, MJ TI TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS IN EXPOSURE MARKER METHODOLOGY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Arnold O Beckman/IFCC European Conference on Environmental Toxicology: Biomarkers of Chemical Exposure CY JUN 16-18, 1993 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP ARNOLD O BECKMAN, INT FEDERAT CLIN CHEM DE SURVEILLANCE OF TOXICANT EXPOSURES; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS; STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS; DIOXIN EXPOSURE; COTININE, URINARY; COTININE, SERUM; BLOOD LEAD ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN LEVELS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CANCER; SERUM; VETERANS; VIETNAM AB Recent advances in techniques to measure markers of exposure to environmental toxicants in humans are changing the ways in which environmental scientists, epidemiologists, and policymakers characterize and interpret such exposure. In this article we review some major technical and scientific developments in exposure marker methodology for estimating internal dose, with special reference to studies conducted at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We consider important characteristics of laboratory methods, advances in laboratory technology, analytical standards, and quality assurance of laboratory measurements; comparisons with indirect methods for estimating exposures, such as exposure indices and questionnaires; human pharmacokinetic data; sampling problems; surveillance of human exposures to toxicants; and interpretation of measurements. With a view to increasing the reliability of exposure assessment, we make recommendations for obtaining more data on human exposure to toxicants. RP SAMPSON, EJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 40 IS 7B SU S BP 1376 EP 1384 PN 2 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NW023 UT WOS:A1994NW02300005 PM 8013122 ER PT J AU ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV AF ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV TI BLOOD-CONCENTRATIONS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN A NONOCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED US POPULATION AND IN GROUPS WITH SUSPECTED EXPOSURE SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Arnold O Beckman/IFCC European Conference on Environmental Toxicology: Biomarkers of Chemical Exposure CY JUN 16-18, 1993 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP ARNOLD O BECKMAN, INT FEDERAT CLIN CHEM DE TOXICOLOGY; REFERENCE RANGE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; BENZENE; BREATH; VOLUNTEERS; KINETICS AB Exposure to certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly occurs in industrialized countries. We developed a method for measuring 32 VOCs in 10 mt of whole blood at low concentration. We used this method to determine the internal dose of these compounds in 600 or more people in the US who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, From our study results, we established a reference range for these VOCs in the general population of the US. We found detectable concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 2-butanone, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, styrene, tetrachloroethene, and toluene in most of the blood samples of nonoccupationally exposed persons. The accuracy of VOC evaluations depends on the ability of investigators to make sensitive and reproducible measurements of low concentrations of VOCs and to eliminate all sources of interference and contamination. RP ASHLEY, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,MAILSTOP F17,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 40 IS 7B SU S BP 1401 EP 1404 PN 2 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NW023 UT WOS:A1994NW02300010 PM 8013127 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF HALL, CA BARNES, SA AF HUEBNER, RE SCHEIN, MF HALL, CA BARNES, SA TI DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY ANERGY IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PERSONS SCREENED FOR INFECTION WITH MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; SKIN-TEST; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HIV; RISK AB A total of 479 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons at an HIV clinic in Florida and a tuberculosis clinic in New Jersey were skin-tested with tuberculin, tetanus toroid, mumps antigen, and Candida antigen in a study of the prevalence of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) anergy and the usefulness of two-step tuberculin testing in this population. Of the patients tested, 12% had a positive (greater than or equal to 5-mm) response to tuberculin; 57%, 45%, and 35% had a positive (greater than or equal to 3-mm) response to Candida antigen, tetanus toroid, and mumps antigen, respectively; and 31% were anergic (<3 mm of induration in response to each antigen). In a multivariate logistic regression model, anergy was significantly associated with a history of Kaposi's sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, or oral candidiasis and with White race. Anergy was four times and 15 times as likely for persons with CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts of 200-400/mm(3) and <200/mm(3), respectively, as for persons with >499 CD4(+) T lymphocytes/mm(3). Of 103 patients who were tuberculin-tested a second time after their initial test result was negative, seven had greater than or equal to 5 mm of induration in response to the second test; only one of these patients was anergic at the initial screening. The findings of this study indicate that DTH antigens should be used in conjunction with tuberculin testing and that two-step tuberculin testing is not an alternative to anergy testing but may be useful for the detection of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in nonanergic HIV-infected patients. C1 PALM BEACH CTY DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,W PALM BEACH,FL. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NATL TB TREATMENT CTR,NEWARK,NJ 07103. RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,CLIN RES BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NX665 UT WOS:A1994NX66500006 PM 7948554 ER PT J AU DAVENPORT, DS JOHNSON, DR HOLMES, GP JEWETT, DA ROSS, SC HILLIARD, JK AF DAVENPORT, DS JOHNSON, DR HOLMES, GP JEWETT, DA ROSS, SC HILLIARD, JK TI DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN B-VIRUS (HERPESVIRUS-SIMIAE) INFECTIONS IN MICHIGAN SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Three men who had worked at the same animal research facility and had had contact with macaque monkeys were infected with B virus (Herpesvirus simiae). Their clinical presentations varied from self-limited aseptic meningitis syndrome to fulminant encephalomyelitis and death. Patient 1 was treated only after a respiratory arrest and other signs of advanced brain stem dysfunction had occurred. He died 8 days after hospital admission, despite treatment with acyclovir. Patient 2 presented with subtle signs and symptoms of brain stem encephalitis. He received antiviral therapy with intravenous ganciclovir. Patient 3 had a headache without meningismus and was also treated with acyclovir. Both patients 2 and 3 survived and did not have objective sequelae. Viral culturing, ELISA and western blot antibody testing, and magnetic resonance imaging all proved useful in the diagnosis of these patients' conditions. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV KALAMAZOO,CTR MED STUDIES,KALAMAZOO,MI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,LANSING,MI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT VIROL & IMMUNOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX. FU PHS HHS [R01 R40] NR 22 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NX665 UT WOS:A1994NX66500007 PM 7948555 ER PT J AU MCNEILL, MM BROWN, JM AF MCNEILL, MM BROWN, JM TI THE MEDICALLY IMPORTANT AEROBIC ACTINOMYCETES - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immuno-compromised patients including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes. RP MCNEILL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 377 Z9 396 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 357 EP 417 PG 61 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NV531 UT WOS:A1994NV53100007 PM 7923055 ER PT J AU FORD, ES MALARCHER, AM HERMAN, WH AUBERT, RE AF FORD, ES MALARCHER, AM HERMAN, WH AUBERT, RE TI DIABETES-MELLITUS AND CIGARETTE-SMOKING - FINDINGS FROM THE 1989 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE - To compare the prevalence of current smoking in the U.S. diabetic population with that of the nondiabetic population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey - a nationally representative sample - we calculated the prevalence of current smoking for 2,405 people with self-reported diabetes and 20,131 people without this condition. RESULTS - Overall, the age-adjusted prevalence of smoking was 27.3% among people with diabetes and 25.9% among people without diabetes. The prevalence of smoking did not differ significantly between participants with and without diabetes when they were stratified by age, sex, race, or education. Black and Hispanic men with diabetes had a higher prevalence of smoking than did white men with diabetes and black and Hispanic men without diabetes, but none of these differences were statistically significant. Among people with diabetes, age, race, sex, and educational status were independent predictors of current smoking in a multiple-logistic regression model. Duration of diabetes was not related to smoking. CONCLUSIONS - These data again emphasize the need to prevent and reduce smoking in the diabetic population. Smoking cessation programs should particularly target people with diabetes who are less than or equal to 44 years of age. Black and Hispanic men are also prime targets for intervention efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP FORD, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 1994 VL 17 IS 7 BP 688 EP 692 DI 10.2337/diacare.17.7.688 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NU592 UT WOS:A1994NU59200009 PM 7924778 ER PT J AU BAKER, CN HUANG, MB TENOVER, FC AF BAKER, CN HUANG, MB TENOVER, FC TI OPTIMIZING TESTING OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BROTH MICRODILUTION; DILUTION; AUREUS AB Selection of the appropriate NaCl concentration for test medium for oxacillin susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci has been problematic when using different antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Broth microdilution, using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 2% NaCl, is the currently recommended reference method. There is currently no recommendation for the addition of NaCl to agar for dilution susceptibility tests when Staphylococcus species are tested with oxacillin. We examined the effects of adding 0, 2%, 4%, and 5% NaCl to Mueller-Hinton agar and broth for agar dilution, Etest, and broth microdilution tests. The results of these tests were compared with the reference broth microdilution results and with the results of a hybridization assay using a mec gene probe. We tested 223 strains of staphylococci, 128 of which were mec gene positive and had oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) greater than or equal to 4 mu g/ml, Seven strains of S. aureus were mec probe negative but were oxacillin resistant. Seven coagulase-negative strains (three S. epidermidis, one S. haemolyticus, and three S. simulans) were mec probe positive and were oxacillin susceptible. The MICs for oxacillin-resistant strains increased two- to fourfold with the addition of 2% NaCl, but the MICs for oxacillin-susceptible strains were unchanged. Major and very major interpretative rates ranged from 18.2% to 20.2% for agar dilution and Etest without NaCl added to the medium, and these rates decreased to < 1% with the addition of 2% NaCl to the medium. The addition of 4% or 5% NaCl caused major error rates of > 17% for all test methods. Our results indicate that 2% NaCl should be added to Mueller-Hinton agar Etest and agar dilution to obtain optimal agreement with reference broth microdilution test and mec gene probe results. RP BAKER, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAIL STOP G08,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90061-2 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PK008 UT WOS:A1994PK00800007 PM 7820997 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, KK SMITH, SJ THACKER, SB STROUP, DF AF STEINBERG, KK SMITH, SJ THACKER, SB STROUP, DF TI BREAST-CANCER RISK AND DURATION OF ESTROGEN USE - THE ROLE OF STUDY DESIGN IN METAANALYSIS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREAST CANCER; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; META ANALYSIS; DURATION AB Recent meta-analyses of studies of the risk of breast cancer associated with hormone replacement therapy agree that little risk is associated with ever-use or short-term use of estrogen replacement. These analyses disagree, however, about the effect of long-duration estrogen use. To understand differences in the findings among the meta analyses of the effect of long-term use, we investigated the source of heterogeneity among the included studies. We analyzed subgroups by source of controls (community vs hospital), study design (case control vs follow-up), and types of estrogen. We also examined the effect of modeling assumptions: that before women began estrogen use, those who chose to use estrogen replacement (1) were, or (2) were not, at substantially different risk from those who chose not to use estrogen. We found a small increase in risk in all subgroups of studies except those that used hospital controls. From a homogeneous group of case-control studies using community controls that analyzed the effect of conjugated equine estrogens, we estimated that the risk of breast cancer after 10 years of estrogen use increased by at least 15% and up to 29%. RP STEINBERG, KK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 5 IS 4 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NT868 UT WOS:A1994NT86800007 PM 7918811 ER PT J AU SINKS, T GOODMAN, MT KOLONEL, LN ANDERSON, B AF SINKS, T GOODMAN, MT KOLONEL, LN ANDERSON, B TI A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF MESOTHELIOMA AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE HAWAII SUGARCANE INDUSTRY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE SIC 0133 (SUGARCANE GROWING); MESOTHELIOMA; BIOGENIC SILICA FIBERS; SUGARCANE WORKERS; CASE CONTROL STUDY; ASBESTOS AB We conducted a case-control study of 93 mesothelioma cases and 281 cancer controls to determine whether sugarcane workers exposed to biogenic silica fibers were at increased risk of mesothelioma. We found no important excess risk of mesothelioma in sugarcane workers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4-3.8] when we excluded all control subjects with cancer of sites suspected of being associated with asbestos exposure. We could not identify any sugarcane workers who developed mesothelioma and worked in jobs where high exposure levels to biogenic silica fibers have been measured. We did confirm that mesothelioma risk in Hawaii is associated with probable occupational asbestos exposure. Work at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard was associated with a 10-fold increase in mesothelioma when we excluded controls with cancer of sires related to asbestos exposure (OR = 10.1; 95% CI = 2.6-56.6). Work in the medical industry was also associated with an unexpected increased risk for mesothelioma (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.2-15.5). RP SINKS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MS F-46,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 5 IS 4 BP 466 EP 468 DI 10.1097/00001648-199407000-00015 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NT868 UT WOS:A1994NT86800015 PM 7918819 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, C VILLARINO, E GIULIANO, D WELBEL, S LATTS, L MANANGAN, LM SINKOWITZ, RL JARVIS, WR AF BECKSAGUE, C VILLARINO, E GIULIANO, D WELBEL, S LATTS, L MANANGAN, LM SINKOWITZ, RL JARVIS, WR TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AND DEATH AMONG NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS - RESULTS OF SURVEILLANCE IN 13 NURSING-HOMES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; FACILITIES; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE AB An increasing proportion of the U.S. population resides in nursing homes (NHs). No surveillance system exists for infections in these facilities. To determine the incidence and types of infections in NH residents, and to identify predictors of death among residents with infections, we initiated a surveillance system at 13 NHs in California during a 6-month period from October 1989 through March 1990. The study included 1754 residents, among whom 835 infections were identified during the study period. The most common infections were urinary tract infections (UTIs; 286, 34.2%), respiratory tract infections (RTIs; 259, 31%), and skin infections (150, 17.9%). Of the 259 residents with respiratory tract infections, 69 (27%) had pneumonia. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 646 (77%) of the infectious episodes. Residents with pneumonia were more likely to die than residents with other infections (4 of 69 versus 12 of 766; P = 0.04). Symptoms of altered body temperature (fever, hypothermia, chills) and change in mental status also were associated with an increased risk of a fatal outcome (10 of 260 versus 6 of 575; P = 0.01) and (7 of 127 versus 9 of 708; P = 0.004). This study suggests that the most common infections among NH residents are UTIs, RTIs, and skin infections. Pneumonia, symptoms of fever, and mental status changes all were associated with increased mortality. The frequency of infections among NH residents and their impact on resident outcome highlights the need for infectious disease surveillance in this population (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:494-496). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOSP SERV LAB,GARDEN GROVE,CA. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 15 IS 7 BP 494 EP 496 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NY482 UT WOS:A1994NY48200014 PM 7963443 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI USEFULNESS OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR OUTBREAK INVESTIGATIONS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; RISK AB We conducted a retrospective review of nosocomial outbreak investigations conducted by the Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from January 1991 through March 1994. Selected outbreaks have demonstrated the utility of molecular methods such as plasmid analysis, plasmid restriction endonuclease analysis, ribotyping, restriction fragment polymorphism, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction in confirming the clonality of the outbreak and in confirming the source of the outbreak implicated in the epidemiologic investigation. These data show that molecular typing of isolates is particularly useful when combined with epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial outbreaks (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:500-503). RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 15 IS 7 BP 500 EP 503 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NY482 UT WOS:A1994NY48200016 PM 7963445 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED LONG, EG AF MINTZ, ED LONG, EG TI CLB - AN EMERGING INFECTIOUS CAUSE OF CHRONIC DIARRHEA SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM-LIKE BODIES; ORGANISM; TRAVELERS; COCCIDIA; PATHOGEN; NEPAL; BODY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MINTZ, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,CO9,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 3 IS 4 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1097/00019048-199407000-00024 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NY857 UT WOS:A1994NY85700024 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, TR BUSCH, MP DONEGAN, E WARD, JW WONG, LY SAMSON, SM PERKINS, HA ALTMAN, R STONEBURNER, RL HOLMBERG, SD AF OBRIEN, TR BUSCH, MP DONEGAN, E WARD, JW WONG, LY SAMSON, SM PERKINS, HA ALTMAN, R STONEBURNER, RL HOLMBERG, SD TI HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 FROM TRANSFUSION RECIPIENTS TO THEIR SEX PARTNERS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION RECIPIENTS; INCUBATION PERIOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS; HIV TRANSMISSION; RISK; ANTIBODY; AIDS; MEN AB Using lookback procedures and other methods, we identified and then prospectively followed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected transfusion recipients and their sex partners to determine AIDS incidence and risks of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1. At enrollment, 7 of 32 (21.9%) female partners of male recipients were themselves infected with HIV-1, as compared with none of 14 male partners of female recipients (p = 0.08). No additional episodes of transmission were observed. The prevalence of advanced immunodeficiency at enrollment was similar in male and female recipients. Male recipients with advanced immunodeficiency (CD4+ lymphocyte count less than or equal to 0.20 x 10(9)/L or a history of clinical AIDS) at enrollment were more likely to have infected their female partners (odds ratio = 7.9; p = 0.03) than men with neither condition. Similarly, AIDS-free survival, as estimated by the product-limit method, was lower among male transmitters than among male nontransmitters (p = 0.01). Transmission was not associated with frequency of unprotected vaginal intercourse. Our data suggest that HIV-1-infected men who develop immunodeficiency rapidly are more likely to infect their sex partners and that the greater efficiency of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission is not explained by a greater number of sexual contacts or more advanced immunodeficiency in index subjects. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NR 25 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 7 BP 705 EP 710 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NT688 UT WOS:A1994NT68800010 PM 8207648 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W CHAN, WC LUST, JA SINHA, SD ZAKI, SR KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W CHAN, WC LUST, JA SINHA, SD ZAKI, SR KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE TI HTLV-II INFECTION IS RARE IN PATIENTS WITH LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS TYPE-I; CELL LEUKEMIA; BLOOD-DONORS; INDIANS; DISEASE C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE 68198. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 7 BP 736 EP 737 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NT688 UT WOS:A1994NT68800016 PM 8207653 ER PT J AU HAVERKOS, HW JONES, TS AF HAVERKOS, HW JONES, TS TI HIV, DRUG-USE PARAPHERNALIA, AND BLEACH SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material CT NIDA/CSAT/CDC Workshop on the Use of Bleach for the Decontamination of Drug Injection Equipment CY FEB 09-AUG 10, 1994 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYGIENE & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD SP NIDA, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR SUBST ABUSE TREATMENT HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYGIENE & PUBLIC HLTH ID INACTIVATION; DISINFECTION; VIRUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HAVERKOS, HW (reprint author), NIDA,ROOM 10A-38,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 7 BP 741 EP 742 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NT688 UT WOS:A1994NT68800020 PM 8207656 ER PT J AU GLEGHORN, AA DOHERTY, MC VLAHOV, D CELENTANO, DD JONES, TS AF GLEGHORN, AA DOHERTY, MC VLAHOV, D CELENTANO, DD JONES, TS TI INADEQUATE BLEACH CONTACT TIMES DURING SYRINGE CLEANING AMONG INJECTION-DRUG USERS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIDA/CSAT/CDC Workshop on the Use of Bleach for the Decontamination of Drug Injection Equipment CY FEB 09-AUG 10, 1994 CL JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYGIENE & PUBLIC HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD SP NIDA, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR SUBST ABUSE TREATMENT HO JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYGIENE & PUBLIC HLTH DE SUBSTANCE ABUSE; HIV; PREVENTION; NEEDLES; BLEACH; SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFECTION; INACTIVATION; DISINFECTION AB Objectives were to measure syringe cleaning strategies used by injection drug users (IDUs) and to assess syringe contact with bleach during cleaning demonstrations. IDUs were interviewed about cleaning activities during their most recent injection episode; they demonstrated these activities on videotape. Coders reviewed the videotapes, categorized activities, and used stop watches to record bleach exposure. Of 161, 146 subjects reported cleaning at last injection, 85 (58%) of 146 used full strength bleach. Of bleach users, 20% had total contact time (duration of bleach inside syringe) of greater than or equal to 30 s; combining draw (time taken to fill syringe) and contact times, 54% of bleach users had total ''flush'' times of greater than or equal to 30 s. Median observed time per bleach flush was 16 s. Median reported cleaning times were twice as long as observed. Recent reports indicate 30 s of exposure to undiluted bleach is necessary to inactivate HIV in the laboratory; here, 80% of IDUs using bleach had contact of < 30 s. Judgment of contact time was inaccurate. On average, instructions advocating two bleach flushes may reach 30 s; here, half the subjects had insufficient time with two flushes. The majority showed inadequate techniques, therefore, alternate cleaning strategies should be developed. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GLEGHORN, AA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,DIV BEHAV SCI & HLTH EDUC,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA05911, DA04334] NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 7 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NT688 UT WOS:A1994NT68800025 PM 8207661 ER PT J AU DAVIS, H GERGEN, PJ AF DAVIS, H GERGEN, PJ TI SELF-DESCRIBED WEIGHT STATUS OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENT; BODY IMAGE; BODY MASS INDEX; BODY WEIGHT; MEXICAN-AMERICAN ID BODY-IMAGE; EATING BEHAVIOR; GIRLS; OBESITY; FEAR AB Purpose: To evaluate Mexican-American adolescents' descriptions of their weight status. Methods: Data were from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in 1982-1983 among Mexican-Americans in five southwestern states. The current study used data on 429 males and 485 nonpregnant females 12-19 years old. In an interview, participants were asked to describe their weight status (underweight, about the right weight, overweight); in an examination (performed two to four weeks after the interview), weights and heights were measured. Each participant's body-mass index (weight/height2) was calculated, and single year of age-and-sex-specific BMI cutoffs were used to determine each participant's BMI decile. Results: The overweight description was chosen by 46% of females and 23% of males, and the underweight description by 7% of females and 17% of males. The percentage of adolescents self-described as overweight rose with increasing BMI percentile, the rise starting in the 30-39th percentiles for females and in 60-69th percentiles for males. Conclusions: These findings suggest that many Mexican-American adolescents misperceive their weight status. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5 BP 407 EP 409 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(94)90265-8 PG 3 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA PA318 UT WOS:A1994PA31800011 PM 7947856 ER PT J AU KELLY, KJ PEARSON, ML KURUP, VP HAVENS, PL BYRD, RS SETLOCK, MA BUTLER, JC SLATER, JE GRAMMER, LC RESNICK, A ROBERTS, M JARVIS, WR DAVIS, JP FINK, JN AF KELLY, KJ PEARSON, ML KURUP, VP HAVENS, PL BYRD, RS SETLOCK, MA BUTLER, JC SLATER, JE GRAMMER, LC RESNICK, A ROBERTS, M JARVIS, WR DAVIS, JP FINK, JN TI A CLUSTER OF ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH SPINA-BIFIDA DURING GENERAL-ANESTHESIA - EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES, RISK-FACTORS, AND LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LATEX; SPINA BIFIDA; ETHYLENE OXIDE; ANAPHYLAXIS; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; ALLERGY ID HUMAN-SERUM-ALBUMIN; CONTACT URTICARIA; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; BARIUM ENEMA; INTRAOPERATIVE ANAPHYLAXIS; ALLERGY; RUBBER; IGE; REACTIVITY; SURGERY AB Background: Anaphylactic reactions (ARs) in high-risk pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia, especially those with spina bifida, have been attributed to anesthetics, muscle relaxants, antimicrobials, ethylene oxide, and latex. Methods: To identify risk factors for AR during general anesthesia and to investigate the role of latex allergy, we studied epidemiologic and immunologic characteristics of patients with ARs during general anesthesia during a 13-month cluster of such reactions at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin (case patients). Patients with AR were compared with patients with spina bifida undergoing uneventful general anesthesia during the same period (control patients). For each case patient and control patient, we conducted a chart review; a parental interview skin prick testing with latex, anesthetics, aeroallergens, and banana extract; ELISA and RAST for latex-specific IgE; a total serum IgE; and an ELISA for IgE antibody to ethylene oxide. Results: Anaphylactic reactions occurred exclusively in patients with spina bifida (n = 10) or patients with a congenital urinary tract anomaly (n = 1). Case-patients were more likely than control patients to have a history of asthma (p = 0.002), rubber contact allergy (p = 0.001), food allergy (p = 0.001), rash caused by adhesive rape (p = 0.05), daily rectal disimpaction (p < 0.001), nine or more prior surgical procedures (p < 0.002), latex-specific IgE (p = 0.027), or elevated total serum IgE levels (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis identified non-white race, rubber contact allergy, history of food allergy, and nine or more surgical procedures as significant independent risk factors. Logistic model equation identified the predicted probability of AR with a sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of 82%, 97%, and 82%, respectively. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that atopy, especially symptomatic later allergy, is associated with AR during anesthesia in patients with spina bifida. Until a standardized latex test is available, a medical history of immediate rubber contact allergy, non-white race, food allergy, or nine or more prior surgical procedures can identify patients with spina bifida at highest risk for ARs. A complete history, including rubber contact and food allergy, should be compiled on all patients with spina bifida before surgery. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,MILWAUKEE,WI. VET ADM MED CTR,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV ALLERGY IMMUNOL,MILWAUKEE,WI. VET ADM MED CTR,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT ANESTHESIA,MILWAUKEE,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,ALLERGY IMMUNOL UNIT,CHICAGO,IL. RP KELLY, KJ (reprint author), MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV ALLERGY IMMUNOL,8700 W WISCONSIN AVE,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226, USA. OI Grammer, Leslie/0000-0001-6860-2014 NR 30 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0091-6749(94)90071-X PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA NX393 UT WOS:A1994NX39300008 PM 8027499 ER PT J AU LIU, ZY SAM, P SIRIMANNE, SR MCCLURE, PC GRAINGER, J PATTERSON, DG AF LIU, ZY SAM, P SIRIMANNE, SR MCCLURE, PC GRAINGER, J PATTERSON, DG TI FIELD-AMPLIFIED SAMPLE STACKING IN MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR ON-COLUMN SAMPLE CONCENTRATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATION; INJECTION AB On-column concentration of neutral molecules was achieved for the first time in micellar electrokinetic chromatography by means of field-amplified sample stacking. The stacking process was accomplished by dissolving the neutral analytes in a low-concentration micellar solution that was still above the critical micelle concentration. The lower total ionic strength in the sample buffer compared to the electrophoresis buffer allowed the negatively charged micelles to migrate rapidly into the boundary between the sample and the running buffer where they slow down. This held-amplified sample stacking was achieved by using normal or reversed electrode polarity and produced a 75-85-fold increase in sensitivity for 1,2,4,7- and 1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. The peak area counts obtained from the sample stacking process were proportional to the sample volume injected, and the stacking efficiency was dependent on the micellar concentration. The best stacking efficiency was obtained when the micelle concentration was slightly higher than the critical micelle concentration. When the injection volume was relatively small, the normal-polarity stacking procedure produced a higher stacking efficiency. However, when the injection volume was large, reversed polarity produced a higher stacking efficiency because the non-uniform distribution of the electrical field strength had been eliminated. RP LIU, ZY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,TOXICOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 673 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)87065-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA NW501 UT WOS:A1994NW50100015 PM 8061813 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEMOGLOBIN AND SERUM-ALBUMIN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DEATH; COUNT RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 47 IS 7 BP 823 EP 823 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90182-1 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PA987 UT WOS:A1994PA98700017 PM 7722598 ER PT J AU CAMERON, DN KHAMBATY, FM WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV BARRETT, TJ AF CAMERON, DN KHAMBATY, FM WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV BARRETT, TJ TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 STRAINS BY PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STATES GULF-COAST; UNITED-STATES; TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATION; LATIN-AMERICA; TOXIN GENES; COLI; DNA AB Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on 180 isolates of Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 representing 6 different multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) types and 27 rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism types (ribotypes). Isolates were digested with the restriction enzyme NotI and were separated into 63 patterns on the basis of differences in band arrangements. In general, strains which were different by MEE or ribotyping also had different PFGE patterns. PFGE identified individual strains within a single MEE type or ribotype; isolates with one PFGE pattern were less frequently distinguished by ribotyping. All V. cholerae 01 isolates tested from the Latin American epidemic were indistinguishable by their MEE, ribotype, or PFGE patterns. PFGE could further distinguish strains of this same ribotype isolated in Africa, Europe, the South Pacific, or Southeast Asia. Although both MEE and PFGE could identify the strain from the Latin American epidemic, PFGE was more rapid and less labor intensive. PFGE also distinguished nontoxigenic isolates endemic to the U.S. Gulf Coast from unrelated nontoxigenic isolates. In the present study PFGE was more discriminating than other previously described subtyping assays for V. cholerae 01 and appears to be a useful epidemiologic tool. C1 US FDA,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,MICROBIAL ECOL BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP CAMERON, DN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FDDB,DBMD,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1685 EP 1690 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400013 PM 7929758 ER PT J AU SWENSON, JM CLARK, NC FERRARO, MJ SAHM, DF DOERN, G PFALLER, MA RELLER, LB WEINSTEIN, MP ZABRANSKY, RJ TENOVER, FC AF SWENSON, JM CLARK, NC FERRARO, MJ SAHM, DF DOERN, G PFALLER, MA RELLER, LB WEINSTEIN, MP ZABRANSKY, RJ TENOVER, FC TI DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARDIZED SCREENING METHOD FOR DETECTION OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The incidence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci is increasing in the United States and elsewhere in the world, but automated susceptibility testing methods have difficulty detecting resistance expressed by certain strains. The agar screening method described by Willey et al. (B. M. Willey, B. N. Kreiswirth, A. E. Simor, G. Williams, S. R. Scriver, A. Phillips, and D. E. Low, J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:1621-1624, 1992) has been proposed as a reliable method for confirming vancomycin resistance. In this study, we investigated various parameters associated with the agar screening method and, on the basis of the findings, established optimum testing conditions for the method. First, to evaluate media and vancomycin concentrations, one laboratory used Mueller-Hinton and brain heart infusion agars supplemented with 4, 6, and 8 mu g of vancomycin per ml to test 100 genetically characterized enterococcal strains. On the basis of the results obtained, brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 6 mu g of vancomycin per ml was selected for further study. Subsequently, eight laboratories used the medium to test both reference and clinical isolates. There was very good performance with the reference strains and, among 158 clinical isolates tested, the method demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 100% and from 96 to 99%, respectively. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02114. JEWISH HOSP ST LOUIS,MICROBIOL LAB,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,DURHAM,NC 27710. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY HOSP,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,MICROBIOL LAB,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. RP SWENSON, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP G08,1-3361,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1700 EP 1704 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400015 PM 7929760 ER PT J AU PADULA, SJ DIAS, F SAMPIERI, A CRAVEN, RB RYAN, RW AF PADULA, SJ DIAS, F SAMPIERI, A CRAVEN, RB RYAN, RW TI USE OF RECOMBINANT OSPC FROM BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI FOR SERODIAGNOSIS OF EARLY LYME-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SEROLOGIC TESTS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HUMORAL RESPONSE; PROTEIN; VARIABILITY; EXPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN AB Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is associated with an early and dominant humoral response to the spirochete's 23-kDa outer surface protein C (OspC). We have cloned and expressed OspC as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli and have shown that patient serum samples react with it in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (S. J. Padula, A. Sampieri, F. Bias, A. Szczepanski, and R. W. Ryan, Infect. Immun. 61:5097-5105, 1993). Now we have compared the detection of B. burgdorferi-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in 74 individuals with culture-positive erythema migrans by a whole-cell ELISA, immunoblot, and the recombinant OspC (rOspC) ELISA. Seventy-six negative controls were also studied. With all of the tests, there was a statistically significant association between the duration of disease and the frequency of a positive result. With the rOspC ELISA, the predictive value of a positive test was 100% and the predictive value of a negative test was 74%. Similar results were obtained with the whole-cell ELISA and with the immunoblot using as the source of test antigen a strain ofB. burgdorferi which expresses abundant levels of OspC. We conclude that the use of rOspC in an ELISA is a convenient, readily automated, and easily standardized test for the serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT LAB MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP PADULA, SJ (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMAT DIS,263 FARMINGTON AVE,FARMINGTON,CT 06030, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R29-AR39361] NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1733 EP 1738 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400022 PM 7929767 ER PT J AU DAS, BK GENTSCH, JR CICIRELLO, HG WOODS, PA GUPTA, A RAMACHANDRAN, M KUMAR, R BHAN, MK GLASS, RI AF DAS, BK GENTSCH, JR CICIRELLO, HG WOODS, PA GUPTA, A RAMACHANDRAN, M KUMAR, R BHAN, MK GLASS, RI TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ROTAVIRUS STRAINS FROM NEWBORNS IN NEW-DELHI, INDIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUS; VP4; SEROTYPE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; PROTEIN; PROBES; GENE AB Between 1986 and 1993, 72% of rotavirus strains isolated from newborns at five hospitals in New Delhi, India, had long electropherotypes, subgroup II VP6 antigens, and G and P genotypes (G(9)P(11)) identical to those of prototype strain 116E. A novel strain with a G(9)P(6) genotype, representing 13% of the isolates, was identified. These results demonstrate that G(9)P(11) and G(9)P(6) rotavirus strains are common in nurseries in New Delhi. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT PAEDIAT & MICROBIOL,DIV GASTROENTEROL & ENTER INFECT,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. RI Kumar, Rajeev/I-2338-2016 OI Kumar, Rajeev/0000-0002-0783-1101 NR 17 TC 344 Z9 359 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1820 EP 1822 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400040 PM 7929782 ER PT J AU WEAVER, RE ACTIS, LA AF WEAVER, RE ACTIS, LA TI IDENTIFICATION OF ACINETOBACTER SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GENUS ACINETOBACTER; SP-NOV; BAUMANNII C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,L220,3181 SW SAM JACKSON PK RD,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP WEAVER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL BACTERIOL REFERENCE LAB,BLDG 5,RM 210,MS G07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 32 IS 7 BP 1833 EP 1833 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NR924 UT WOS:A1994NR92400045 PM 7929787 ER PT J AU LUBY, S CARMICHAEL, S SHAW, G HORAN, J GAMBLE, W JONES, J AF LUBY, S CARMICHAEL, S SHAW, G HORAN, J GAMBLE, W JONES, J TI A NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE CROSS INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Background. The national incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing, and hospitals are a site of transmission. We investigated a nosocomial outbreak of TB at a 160-bed community hospital in South Carolina that highlights the central role that primary care physicians must play to control this epidemic. Methods. We reviewed medical records to identify potential source cases. We retrospectively evaluated exposures to suspected source patients and the subsequent tuberculin reactivity of the 38 hospital employees who had a previous negative tuberculin skin test and were assigned to the ward where the outbreak began. We also evaluated the out-of-hospital contacts of TB cases. Results. A review of medical records identified one patient who had died of prostate cancer and chronic cavitary pneumonia but was never in isolation nor evaluated for TB. Ward employees who worked while this patient was hospitalized had an increased risk for skin-test conversion (43% [12 of 28] vs 0% [0 of 9]; relative risk undefined; P=.02). Among employees who worked with this patient, skin-test converters worked more shifts with (median, 10.5 vs 7), dispensed more medication to (median 7 doses vs 1), and wrote more notes on (median 18 vs 5) the index patient than did nonconverters. Five of 12 of the patient's close out-of-hospital contacts had newly recognized positive tuberculin skin tests. Among 20 casual contacts, there were no new skin-test conversions. Conclusions. A high index of suspicion, prompt isolation and diagnostic testing of potentially infectious hospitalized patients, and a thorough investigation of contacts of patients with TB are needed to prevent TB transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,MAILSTOP CO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX392 UT WOS:A1994NX39200018 PM 8027728 ER PT J AU IYASU, S HANZLICK, R ROWLEY, D WILLINGER, M AF IYASU, S HANZLICK, R ROWLEY, D WILLINGER, M TI PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP ON GUIDELINES FOR SCENE INVESTIGATION OF SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED INFANT DEATHS - JULY 12-13, 1993 SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PATHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY; DEATH INVESTIGATION; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; DEATH SCENE INVESTIGATION; PROTOCOLS AB The 1992 Senate Report #102-104 and House Report #102-12, recommended that the Interagency Panel on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) review and establish an updated standard death scene investigation protocol for scene investigation of unexplained infant deaths. As a result of the recommendation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Division of Reproductive Health (DRH), and the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) organized a workshop entitled ''Workshop on Guidelines for Scene Investigation of Sudden Unexplained Infant Deaths,'' which was held in Rockville, Maryland, on July 12-13, 1993. This article outlines the proceedings of the workshop. The goal of the workshop was to gather information and ideas that could be used to establish guidelines which could be useful in developing a model death scene investigation protocol. It was not a goal of this workshop to produce a specific protocol during the workshop. The workshop was successful in generating a variety of information and ideas concerning the desirable attributes of a protocol including essential items of data, identification of certain training needs, specification of procedures for data collection, reporting, and quality assurance, and proposed strategies for implementation. This information can now be considered by the HHS Interagency SIDS Panel to develop specific guidelines for developing a standard scene investigation protocol for sudden unexplained infant deaths. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MS-F35,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1136 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA NY096 UT WOS:A1994NY09600029 PM 8064274 ER PT J AU WOHLHUETER, RM PAREKH, K UDHAYAKUMAR, V FANG, SN LAL, AA AF WOHLHUETER, RM PAREKH, K UDHAYAKUMAR, V FANG, SN LAL, AA TI ANALYSIS OF BINDING OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TO A MALARIAL PEPTIDE BY SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE BIOSENSOR AND INTEGRATED RATE-EQUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOSPECIFIC INTERACTION ANALYSIS; CULTURED-CELLS; FALCIPARUM; AFFINITY; VACCINE; SPOROZOITES; INHIBITION; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEINS; SAFETY AB Using biosensor technology and integrated rate equations, we have developed procedures to determine the kinetic parameters and equilibrium affinity constant of Ag-Ab interactions. The Ag used in these studies was a peptide that represents the major B cell epitope of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum, a promising malaria vaccine candidate Ag. Measurements of association and dissociation rate constants of this peptide with the mAb 2A10 were determined by fitting integrated rate equations to binding data obtained with a BIAcore surface plasmon-resonance biosensor. We examined whether accurate estimates of initial velocity and final equilibrium levels of binding of Ab to peptides can be obtained using these methods, and whether kinetic rates and equilibrium constants obtained with systematic variation of the experimental parameters conform to a simple bimolecular model of binding. We found that initial velocity was approximately first order with respect to Ab concentration. When we used a series of four sensor cells with different peptides loads, however, we found that the initial velocity of binding appeared to be nearly independent of peptide concentration. Equilibrium analyses yielded dissociation constants of approximately 3 x 10(-7) M. Integrated rate treatment of biosensor data supports a critical examination of the assumptions on which the binding models are based and suggests a need to refine such models. Nevertheless, it provides a powerful quantitative tool for assessing the Ag-Ab binding reaction. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, MALARIA BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP WOHLHUETER, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH, MAILSTOP G36, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 EI 1550-6606 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUL 1 PY 1994 VL 153 IS 1 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA NV228 UT WOS:A1994NV22800019 PM 8207235 ER PT J AU LEE, LA PUHR, ND MALONEY, EK BEAN, NH TAUXE, RV AF LEE, LA PUHR, ND MALONEY, EK BEAN, NH TAUXE, RV TI INCREASE IN ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT SALMONELLA INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1989-1990 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTEREMIA; INFANTS; HEALTH AB To assess factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella infections and trends in resistance, a prospective study of patients with culture-confirmed salmonellosis was done in 1989-1990. Patients with resistant infections were more likely than those with susceptible infections to be hospitalized (P = .006), to be <1 year old (P = .003), to be black (P = .013), and to have recently been treated with an antimicrobial agent (P = .085). Compared with data from a similar study in 1979-1980, increases were seen in the percentage of patients with resistant infections (from 17% to 31%), in the resistance to ampicillin (10% to 14%), and in the frequency of isolates found in blood (1% to 11%). These data show that treatment of Salmonella infections may be complicated by growing resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents and by an increasing frequency of extraintestinal complications. Antimicrobial agents with little demonstrated resistance should be considered for patients with complicated illnesses and at high risk of having a resistant infection. RP LEE, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 170 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NR965 UT WOS:A1994NR96500019 PM 8014487 ER PT J AU VALWAY, SE GREIFINGER, RB PAPANIA, M KILBURN, JO WOODLEY, C DIFERDINANDO, GT DOOLEY, SW AF VALWAY, SE GREIFINGER, RB PAPANIA, M KILBURN, JO WOODLEY, C DIFERDINANDO, GT DOOLEY, SW TI MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN THE NEW-YORK-STATE PRISON SYSTEM, 1990-1991 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; HEALTH-CARE; OUTBREAK; INMATES; JAIL AB Three epidemiologically linked multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in 1990-1991 involving New York State (NYS) inmates suggested MDR-TB was widespread in NYS prisons. Inmate lists were linked to 1990-1992 TB registries, medical records were reviewed, and movement histories for inmates with MDR-TB were examined within and between prisons and hospitals. In 1990-1991, 171 inmates were diagnosed with TB. This rate (156.2/ 100,000) was significantly higher than the 1990-1991 US rate (10.4/100,000) and the 1986 rate among NYS inmates (105.5/100,000). Of 171 cases, 155 were culture-confirmed; 37 (32%) of 116 with drug susceptibilities determined had MDR-TB. Two other inmates with TB before 1990 were diagnosed with MDR-TB in 1990-1991. Of 39 inmates with MDR-TB, 38 (97%) were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and 34 (87%) have died. These 39 lived in 23 of the 68 NYS prisons while potentially infectious; 12 were transferred through 20 prisons while ill with MDR-TB. Policies of correctional systems on infection control and inmate transfers need to be reevaluated to prevent spread of TB. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT CORRECT SERV,ALBANY,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. RP VALWAY, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 170 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NR965 UT WOS:A1994NR96500022 PM 8014491 ER PT J AU KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP HIROZAWA, A OMALLEY, P HOLMBERG, SD AF KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP HIROZAWA, A OMALLEY, P HOLMBERG, SD TI TEMPORAL TRENDS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND MALIGNANCIES IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HIV-INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; DISEASE; COHORT; ZIDOVUDINE; SPECTRUM; DEATH AB Temporal changes in the lifetime occurrence of opportunistic infections and malignancies among 1115 homosexual men diagnosed with AIDS were examined. Information from the AIDS surveillance registry, hospital pathology and microbiology logs, patient chart reviews, cancer registries, and death certificates was used to calculate the frequency of specific opportunistic infections and malignancies as lifetime (initial or subsequent) diagnoses. The most common lifetime diagnoses were Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP; 66.5%), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS; 50.7%), disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) infection (29.6%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (19.6%). From 1981 to 1990, there was a significant decrease in the rate of KS (P =.003) and a significant increase in the rate of DMAC infection (P =.03). PCP decreased during 1985-1990 (P =.009), while CMV infection increased from 1987 through 1990 (P =.03). Thus, KS and PCP have declined over time, while DMAC and CMV are causing substantial and increasing morbidity among AIDS patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KATZ, MH (reprint author), DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-08] NR 15 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 170 IS 1 BP 198 EP 202 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NR965 UT WOS:A1994NR96500029 PM 8014498 ER PT J AU RIOS, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE HALL, WW KESSLER, D BIANCO, C AF RIOS, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE HALL, WW KESSLER, D BIANCO, C TI TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS (HTLV) TYPE-II BY TRANSFUSION OF HTLV-I-SCREENED BLOOD PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA; DONORS AB Blood donors have been screened for antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I since December 1988. Screening for HTLV-II has been simultaneously done because of cross-reactivity between antibodies to the two viruses. Currently, <1 in 10,000 US blood donors is positive for HTLV-I or -II. Lookback studies led to the identification of 6 HTLV-II-infected patients. Three received transfusions before introduction of HTLV-I screening tests, while the other 3 received blood components that tested negative for HTLV-I. The HTLV-II subtypes of each of 4 donor/recipient pairs, as determined by DNA amplification using polymerase chain reaction, were identical, supporting the view that transfusions were the source of infection. In conclusion, currently licensed blood donor screening tests for HTLV-I lack sensitivity for HTLV-II, and transfusion of blood from HTLV-II-infected donors that test negative on HTLV-I screening tests may result in infection. C1 NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 170 IS 1 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NR965 UT WOS:A1994NR96500031 PM 8014501 ER PT J AU TSAI, TF LETSON, GW AF TSAI, TF LETSON, GW TI PROBABLE CONGENITAL INFECTION - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP TSAI, TF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 170 IS 1 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NR965 UT WOS:A1994NR96500043 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BH DHONDT, EH SPELBRING, J TIAN, HW KRAWCZYNSKI, K MARGOLIS, HS AF ROBERTSON, BH DHONDT, EH SPELBRING, J TIAN, HW KRAWCZYNSKI, K MARGOLIS, HS TI EFFECT OF POSTEXPOSURE VACCINATION IN A CHIMPANZEE MODEL OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS A; VACCINE; PROPHYLAXIS AB Passive transfer of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) in immune globulin (IG) effectively prevents hepatitis A when given after exposure, but does not provide lasting protection from infection. Hepatitis A vaccines have been shown to generate quickly levels of antibody equivalent to those found after IG administration. The effect of hepatitis A vaccine in preventing infection following fecal-oral exposure was evaluated in a chimpanzee model of HAV infection. Two animals were vaccinated 1 and 3 days, respectively following inoculation and two inoculated animals served as unprotected controls. Of the two immunized animals, one had no evidence of HAV infection, while the other had an attenuated infection with no evidence of virus shedding. These results suggest that while postexposure hepatitis A vaccination may be infection permissive, it attenuates disease expression and prevents virus shedding. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,RIXENSART,BELGIUM. RP ROBERTSON, BH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 43 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890430310 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA NT500 UT WOS:A1994NT50000009 PM 7931186 ER PT J AU GOLDENHAR, LM SCHULTE, PA AF GOLDENHAR, LM SCHULTE, PA TI INTERVENTION RESEARCH IN OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH AND SAFETY SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; WORKPLACE HEALTH; ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION; BACK-PAIN; PROGRAM; WORKERS; SYMPTOMS; INJURIES; FIREFIGHTERS; FLEXIBILITY AB This paper reviews occupational health and safety intervention studies published between 1988 and 1993 to gauge the nature and extent of research in this area. Generally, the studies often lacked a theoretical basis, used small samples, and tested interventions lacking the intensity to cause the desired change. Most designs were either nonexperimental or quasi-experimental with uncontrolled sources of bias. Recommendations for future research include methods of minimizing the problems and biases caused by these weaknesses. Nonmethodological issues such as the costs of implementing interventions and the cultural and political dimensions of the workplace are also addressed. Although many methodological issues associated with field-based research are not easily addressed, researchers should make a stronger attempt to address these issues if the field of occupational health and safety intervention research is to be productive. RP GOLDENHAR, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS-R42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 83 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 36 IS 7 BP 763 EP 775 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NZ586 UT WOS:A1994NZ58600013 PM 7931743 ER PT J AU KINNEY, JS HIERHOLZER, JC THIBAULT, DW AF KINNEY, JS HIERHOLZER, JC THIBAULT, DW TI NEONATAL PULMONARY-INSUFFICIENCY CAUSED BY ADENOVIRUS INFECTION SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note AB Two infants with fulminant early-onset sepsis syndrome and respiratory failure are described. Adenovirus was isolated from cultures from both patients. Complications during pregnancy and respiratory failure that required tracheal intubation at birth suggested congenital infection. Both infants were successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, PEDIAT INFECT DIS SECT, KANSAS CITY, MO 64108 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RESP ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP KINNEY, JS (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI, CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, NEONATOL SECT, 2401 GILLHAM RD, KANSAS CITY, MO 64108 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 125 IS 1 BP 110 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70135-0 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NW317 UT WOS:A1994NW31700022 PM 8021758 ER PT J AU KUCZMARSKI, MF MOSHFEGH, A BRIEFEL, R AF KUCZMARSKI, MF MOSHFEGH, A BRIEFEL, R TI UPDATE ON NUTRITION MONITORING ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This article provides an overview of planned and proposed nutrition monitoring activities of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research (NNMRR) Program. Key provisions of the NNMRR Act of 1990 are described, including the roles and responsibilities of the Interagency Board of Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research (IBNMRR) and the National Nutrition Monitoring Advisory Council and the development of the Ten-Year Comprehensive Plan. The Plan, which was developed under the guidance of the IBNMRR and reviewed by the National Nutrition Monitoring Advisory Council, is the basis for planning and coordinating the monitoring activities of 22 federal agencies. Also discussed are the resources generated from nutrition monitoring activities, from publications to conferences, that are available to dietitians and nutritionists. Professionals view the scientific reports that describe the nutritional status of the US population and the directories of federal and state monitoring activities as valuable resources. Suggestions from users of nutrition monitoring data related to their information and research needs have been extremely helpful to federal agencies in the development of future monitoring publications and the Ten-Year Comprehensive Plan. Continued communication between dietitians and the federal agencies responsible for the NNMRR Program is important. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,OFF POLICY COORDINAT & SPECIAL PROJECTS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP KUCZMARSKI, MF (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT NUTR & DIETET,317 ALLISON HALL,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 7 BP 753 EP 760 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(94)91943-7 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA PC112 UT WOS:A1994PC11200015 PM 8021417 ER PT J AU KUTNER, NG SCHECHTMAN, KB ORY, MG BAKER, DI MILLER, JP PROVINCE, MA ARFKEN, CL ROSSITER, J HORNBROOK, MC STEVENS, VJ WINGFIELD, DJ GREENLICK, MR TINETTI, ME CLAUS, EB HORWITZ, RI BUCHNER, DM WAGNER, EH DELATEUR, BJ CRESS, ME PRICE, R ABRASS, IB ESSELMAN, P MARGUERITA, T MULROW, CD GERETY, MB CORNELL, JE SATTIN, RW DENINO, LA KANTEN, D WOLF, SL GREEN, RC MCNEELY, E COOGLER, C FIATARONE, MA ONEILL, EF RYAN, ND CLEMENTS, KM LIPSITZ, LA KEHAYIAS, JJ ROBERTS, SB EVANS, WJ WALLACE, R ROSS, JE HUSTON, JC KUNDEL, CJ SELLBERG, MS WOLFSON, LI WHIPPLE, RH AMERMAN, PM JUDGE, JO DERBY, CA KING, MB HADLEY, EC TAMBOLI, A WEISS, S AF KUTNER, NG SCHECHTMAN, KB ORY, MG BAKER, DI MILLER, JP PROVINCE, MA ARFKEN, CL ROSSITER, J HORNBROOK, MC STEVENS, VJ WINGFIELD, DJ GREENLICK, MR TINETTI, ME CLAUS, EB HORWITZ, RI BUCHNER, DM WAGNER, EH DELATEUR, BJ CRESS, ME PRICE, R ABRASS, IB ESSELMAN, P MARGUERITA, T MULROW, CD GERETY, MB CORNELL, JE SATTIN, RW DENINO, LA KANTEN, D WOLF, SL GREEN, RC MCNEELY, E COOGLER, C FIATARONE, MA ONEILL, EF RYAN, ND CLEMENTS, KM LIPSITZ, LA KEHAYIAS, JJ ROBERTS, SB EVANS, WJ WALLACE, R ROSS, JE HUSTON, JC KUNDEL, CJ SELLBERG, MS WOLFSON, LI WHIPPLE, RH AMERMAN, PM JUDGE, JO DERBY, CA KING, MB HADLEY, EC TAMBOLI, A WEISS, S TI OLDER ADULTS PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR HEALTH AND FUNCTIONING IN RELATION TO SLEEP DISTURBANCE, FALLING, AND URINARY-INCONTINENCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Gerontological-Society-of-America CY NOV 20, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GERONTOL SOC AMER ID FICSIT TRIALS; INTERVENTIONS; DISORDERS; FRAILTY; ELDERS AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate variation in older adults' perceived health and functioning that is associated with self-reported sleep disturbance, falling, and urinary incontinence, controlling for self-reported depression, ambulation difficulty, number of chronic conditions, and subjects' sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN: Multicenter prospective study (FICSIT). SETTING: Persons age 70 and older living in the community evaluated at baseline. PARTICIPANTS: 239 women, 113 men; mean age = 77. MEASUREMENTS: Sleep disturbance score based on EPESE questions, recent falls history (Y/N), incontinent episodes (Y/N), CES-D score, SIP Ambulation score, and 4 MOS SF-36 scale scores. RESULTS: Women were significantly more likely than men to report multiple conditions (sleep disturbance, falling, incontinence) and to report lower levels of functioning as measured by 3 of 4 SF-36 scales. In regression analyses, sleep disturbance and urinary incontinence were significant predictors of perceived limitation in usual role activities because of physical health problems. Depression and ambulation measures significantly predicted scores on all 4 SF-36 scales. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that it is important to address depressive symptomatology and ambulation difficulty-which in turn are related to sleep disturbance, falling, and urinary incontinence-in efforts to enhance older adults' perceived health and functioning. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DIV BIOSTAT,ST LOUIS,MO. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. YALE UNIV,SCH NURSING,NEW HAVEN,CT 06536. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BIOSTAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. KAISER PERMANENTE CTR HLTH RES,PORTLAND,OR. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,PROGRAM AGING,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT HLTH SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR,CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN,SAN ANTONIO,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT NEUROL,STORRS,CT 06269. NIA,NCNR,BETHESDA,MD. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CAMBRIDGE,MA. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,IOWA CITY,IA. RP KUTNER, NG (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT REHABIL MED,1441 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010; OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995; Miller, J Philip/0000-0003-4568-6846 FU NIA NIH HHS [U01-AG09089] NR 27 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 42 IS 7 BP 757 EP 762 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA NW339 UT WOS:A1994NW33900012 PM 8014352 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A ROSEN, DH REID, JA AF FRIEDE, A ROSEN, DH REID, JA TI CDC WONDER - A COOPERATIVE PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE FOR PUBLIC-HEALTH SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB CDC WONDER is an information management architecture designed for public health. It provides access to information and communications without the user's needing to know the location of data or communication pathways and mechanisms. CDC WONDER users have access to extractions from some 40 databases; electronic mail (e-mail); and surveillance data processing. System components include the Remote Client, the Communications Server, the Queue Managers, and Data Servers and Process Servers. The Remote Client software resides in the user's machine; other components are at the Centers far Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Remote Client, the Communications Server, and the Applications Server provide access to the information and functions in the Data Servers and Process Servers. The system architecture is based on cooperative processing, and components are coupled via pure message passing, using several protocols. This architecture allows flexibility in the choice of hardware and software. One system limitation is that final results from some subsystems are obtained slowly. Although designed for public health, CDC WONDER could be useful for other disciplines that need flexible, integrated information exchange. RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 1 IS 4 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA QE640 UT WOS:A1994QE64000001 PM 7719813 ER PT J AU VORNDAM, V KUNO, G ROSADO, N AF VORNDAM, V KUNO, G ROSADO, N TI A PCR-RESTRICTION ENZYME TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING DENGUE VIRUS SUBGROUPS WITHIN SEROTYPES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE DENGUE; PCR; RESTRICTION ENZYME; GENETIC ANALYSIS ID TYPE-2 AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis were used to develop a rapid and simple procedure for identifying geographic subgroups of dengue virus within serotypes for epidemiologic investigations. The entire structural protein region of dengue viruses was amplified and the products were digested with the endonucleases AluI or DdeI. By comparing the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), we recognized dengue-2 and dengue-3 subgroups that corresponded to those previously determined by oligonucleotide fingerprinting or genomic sequencing. This procedure can be performed in 2 days without the use of radioisotopes, and results can be interpreted without computer analysis. For those analyses which require only subgroup affiliations, this is a useful tool for rapidly screening multiple virus isolates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RP VORNDAM, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90122-8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PA011 UT WOS:A1994PA01100011 PM 7989440 ER PT J AU KNUCHEL, M BEDNARIK, DP CHIKKALA, N VILLINGER, F FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA AF KNUCHEL, M BEDNARIK, DP CHIKKALA, N VILLINGER, F FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL QUANTITATIVE ASSAY FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYL TRANSFERASE (CAT) MESSENGER-RNA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE CAT ASSAY; PCR; TAILED RT-PCR ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; RETROVIRAL REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION; HIV-1; RNA AB Most host cells,transfected with chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) expressing plasmids display relatively low levels of constitutive CAT activity. While this is ideal to study factors that enhance gene transcription, decreases in CAT levels are difficult to quantitate, using conventional CAT assays. Thus, investigators have used cell activating agents or co-transfection of the cell lines with a second enhancer plasmid to yield higher levels of CAT activity. However, such measures can interfere with the cellular pathways studied and eventually alter the results. To avoid this problem, our laboratory has designed an RT-PCR assay to quantitate CAT mRNA. The ability of this assay to detect CAT mRNA but not CAT DNA demonstrates its specificity and is achieved using a tailed oligoprimer for the reverse transcription step. This assay is able to measure the equivalent of as few as eight copies of CAT mRNA, is reproducible and relatively easy to perform. The quantitative capability of the assay relies on a constant production of CAT mRNA, which is achieved using permanently transfected and cloned cell lines bearing a defined number of CAT DNA copies per cell. This assay provides a tool for monitoring events at the transcriptional level and thereby complements the currently used CAT ELISA and thin-layer chromatography assays. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [R01-A12057-05] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 1994 VL 48 IS 2-3 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90131-7 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA PA011 UT WOS:A1994PA01100020 PM 7989447 ER PT J AU INOUE, N DAMBAUGH, TR RAPP, JC PELLETT, PE AF INOUE, N DAMBAUGH, TR RAPP, JC PELLETT, PE TI ALPHAHERPESVIRUS ORIGIN-BINDING PROTEIN HOMOLOG ENCODED BY HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6B, A BETAHERPESVIRUS, BINDS TO NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES THAT ARE SIMILAR TO ORI REGIONS OF ALPHAHERPESVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ORILYT; DEPENDENT DNA-SYNTHESIS; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; UL9 GENE; EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; REPLICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB We previously identified a human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) homolog of the alphaherpesvirus origin-binding protein (OBP), exemplified by the herpes simplex virus type 1 UL9 gene product. This finding is of particular interest because HHV-6B is otherwise more closely related to members of the betaherpesvirus subfamily. The prototypic betaherpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus, does not encode an obvious OBP homolog and contains a more complex origin of replication than do alphaherpesviruses. Thus, analysis of the function of the HHV-6B OBP homolog is essential for understanding the mechanism of HHV-6B DNA replication initiation. The HHV-6B OBP homolog, OBPH6B, was expressed in vitro by coupled transcription and translation and in insect cells by infection with recombinant baculoviruses. The expressed protein bound to two DNA sequences located upstream of the HHV-6B major DNA-binding protein gene homolog, within a region that was predicted to serve as an origin of replication on the basis of its sequence properties. The binding sites lie within 23-bp segments and are similar to OBP-binding sites of herpes simplex virus type 1. The two OBPH6B-binding sequences are separated by an AT-rich region and have an imperfect dyad symmetry as do the alphaherpesvirus origin regions. We identified OBPH6B transcripts by reverse transcription PCR in HHV-6B-infected Molt-3 cells. These results suggest that OBPH6B functions in a manner analogous to the alphaherpesvirus OBP and that initiation of HHV-6B DNA replication may resemble that of alphaherpesviruses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT CO,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. NR 58 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 68 IS 7 BP 4126 EP 4136 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA NQ763 UT WOS:A1994NQ76300003 PM 8207791 ER PT J AU POWELL, KE BLAIR, SN AF POWELL, KE BLAIR, SN TI THE PUBLIC-HEALTH BURDENS OF SEDENTARY LIVING HABITS - THEORETICAL BUT REALISTIC ESTIMATES SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; CORONARY HEART DISEASE; COLON CANCER; DIABETES; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ID ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; FATAL HEART ATTACK; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CHRONIC DISEASES; COLLEGE ALUMNI; UNITED-STATES; EXERCISE; FITNESS; RISK AB Quantitative estimates indicate that sedentary living is responsible for about one-third of deaths due to coronary heart disease, colon cancer, and diabetes-three diseases for which physical inactivity is an established causal factor. Presumably, if everyone were highly active the death rate from these three disease would be only two-thirds of the current rate. Note everyone will become highly active, however. Assuming smaller increases in physical activity practices, mortality from these three conditions combined could be reduced by as much as 5-6%, or 30,000-35,000 deaths per year. Overall mortality in the United States might be reduced about 1-1.5%. The greatest gains would accrue from strategies that encourage those who report no leisure-time physical activity to do some and that encourage those who are irregularly active to participate in 30 or more minutes of light to moderate activity for 5 or more d.wk(-1). Mortality is only one aspect of public health burdens that would be reduced by greater participation in regular physical activity. Quality of life, which we have not attempted to quantify, would also improve. C1 INST AEROBICS RES,DALLAS,TX 75230. RP POWELL, KE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,MAILSTOP K60,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 213 Z9 217 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 26 IS 7 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA NV496 UT WOS:A1994NV49600008 PM 7934758 ER PT J AU HERSEY, WC GRAVES, JE POLLOCK, ML GINGERICH, R SHIREMAN, RB HEATH, GW SPIERTO, F MCCOLE, SD HAGBERG, JM AF HERSEY, WC GRAVES, JE POLLOCK, ML GINGERICH, R SHIREMAN, RB HEATH, GW SPIERTO, F MCCOLE, SD HAGBERG, JM TI ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING IMPROVES BODY-COMPOSITION AND PLASMA-INSULIN RESPONSES IN 70-YEAR-OLD TO 79-YEAR-OLD MEN AND WOMEN SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; GENERALIZED EQUATIONS; NORMAL MICE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; RESISTANCE; WEIGHT; DISEASE; DENSITY; RATS C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL HLTH & HUMAN PERFORMANCE,CTR EXERCISE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,GAINESVILLE,FL. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,GAINESVILLE,FL. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PITTSBURGH,INST HEART,APPL EXERCISE PHYSIOL LAB,PITTSBURGH,PA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA. FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM-20579] NR 39 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 43 IS 7 BP 847 EP 854 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90265-8 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NV984 UT WOS:A1994NV98400010 PM 8028507 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, B GOLDSMITH, C JOHNSON, A PADMALAYAM, I BAUMSTARK, B AF ANDERSON, B GOLDSMITH, C JOHNSON, A PADMALAYAM, I BAUMSTARK, B TI BACTERIOPHAGE-LIKE PARTICLE OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV; PATIENT; AGENT; CAT AB An extracellular particle approximately 40 nM in diameter was detected in culture supernatant from the fastidious bacterium Rochalimaea henselae. This particle has at least three associated proteins and contains 14 kbp linear DNA segments that are heterogeneous in sequence. The 14 kbp DNA was also present in R. henselae cells as an extrachromosomal element for all 14 strains tested. Despite attempts to induce lysis of R. henselae, plaque formation was not observed. A similar particle, also containing 14 kbp DNA, was observed in Bartonella bacilliformis, and may be analogous to a bacteriophage that has been described elsewhere for B. bacilliformis. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP ANDERSON, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00402.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA NV897 UT WOS:A1994NV89700007 PM 7527118 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM HARLASS, FE SARNO, AP READ, JA RAWLINGS, JS AF ADAMS, MM HARLASS, FE SARNO, AP READ, JA RAWLINGS, JS TI ANTENATAL HOSPITALIZATION AMONG ENLISTED SERVICEWOMEN, 1987-1990 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; CESAREAN-SECTION; POPULATION AB Objective: To describe the prevalence of, and indications for, antenatal hospitalization among women who delivered live and stillborn infants. Methods: We reviewed the records of a cohort of 1825 black and white enlisted women who delivered from 1987-1990 at the four largest Army medical centers in the United States. Women with multiple gestations and those whose pregnancies ended before 20 weeks' gestation were excluded. Records of all women with preterm deliveries and a one-third sample of women with term deliveries were abstracted. Results: Overall, 26.8 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- standard error) of the women were hospitalized antenatally. Of the estimated 702 antenatal hospitalizations, 44.0 +/- 3.4% were related to preterm labor, 10.3 +/- 1.9% to preeclampsia, 5.5 +/- 1.5% to hyperemesis, and 4.7 +/- 1.5% to urinary tract or kidney infection. The prevalence of hospitalization was lowest before 20 weeks (5.0 +/- 0.8%) and highest at 33-36 weeks (12.2 +/- 1.2%). Small and probably clinically insignificant differences between black and white women were noted in the overall prevalence of antenatal hospitalization and in the indications for hospitalization. Conclusion: As measured by hospitalization, severe antenatal morbidity is common in this population of healthy enlisted women. C1 TEXAS TECH,ACAD HLTH CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,EL PASO,TX. ST LUKES HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BETHLEHEM,PA. UNIV KENTUCKY,ALBERT B CHANDLER MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEWBORN MED,TACOMA,WA 98431. RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS K-23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA PH953 UT WOS:A1994PH95300007 PM 8008319 ER PT J AU SCHRADER, SM KANITZ, MH AF SCHRADER, SM KANITZ, MH TI OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS TO MALE REPRODUCTION SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP SCHRADER, SM (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,FUNCT TOXICOL SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 405 EP 414 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PP098 UT WOS:A1994PP09800005 PM 7831589 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A DEAVERROBINSON, K PLIKAYTIS, BD ZANGWILL, KM MOHLEBOETANI, J WENGER, JD ROTHROCKANDERSON, G PATTNI, B DAILY, P STONE, E KRAUS, K REINGOLD, A BILLMAN, L DWYER, D HARRISON, L RADOS, M LEFKOWITZ, L HARVEY, RC BAUGHMAN, W STEPHENS, D FARLEY, M HUBER, M AF SCHUCHAT, A DEAVERROBINSON, K PLIKAYTIS, BD ZANGWILL, KM MOHLEBOETANI, J WENGER, JD ROTHROCKANDERSON, G PATTNI, B DAILY, P STONE, E KRAUS, K REINGOLD, A BILLMAN, L DWYER, D HARRISON, L RADOS, M LEFKOWITZ, L HARVEY, RC BAUGHMAN, W STEPHENS, D FARLEY, M HUBER, M TI MULTISTATE CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF MATERNAL RISK-FACTORS FOR NEONATAL GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; PROLONGED MEMBRANE RUPTURE; INTRAUTERINE MONITOR ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; PREMATURE RUPTURE; NATURAL-HISTORY; PREGNANT-WOMEN; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MEMBRANES AB Risk factors for early onset disease (EOD) caused by Group B streptococci (GBS) that are the foundation of prevention guidelines were identified in studies conducted in a few hospital centers. We investigated cases of EOD identified through laboratory-based active surveillance during 1991 and 1992 in a multistate population of 17 million. Ninety-nine cases were compared with 253 controls matched for hospital, date of birth and birth weight. Prematurity (<37 weeks of gestation) was present in 28% of cases; 53% of case mothers had rupture of membranes >12 hours; and 48% reported intrapartum fever. The incidence of EOD in each surveillance area was higher among blacks. By multivariate analysis, case mothers were more likely than controls to have rupture of membranes before labor onset (adjusted odds ratio 8.7, P < 0.001), intrapartum fever (adjusted odds ratio 11.9, P < 0.001), and history of urinary infection during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 4.3, P < 0.05). Young maternal age was also associated with risk of disease. Three-fourths of case mothers had intrapartum fever, <37 weeks of gestation and/or prolonged rupture of membranes, indicators previously used to select high risk women for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. Our findings extend data from single hospitals and suggest prenatal screening and selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis of high-risk mothers could potentially prevent the majority of EOD in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,BIOSTAT & INFROMAT MANAGEMENT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 13 IS 7 BP 623 EP 629 DI 10.1097/00006454-199407000-00008 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NW258 UT WOS:A1994NW25800009 PM 7970951 ER PT J AU REIGART, JR ETZEL, RA GOLDMAN, LR HENDRICK, JG MOFENSON, HC SIMON, PR FALK, H MILLER, RW ROGAN, WJ AF REIGART, JR ETZEL, RA GOLDMAN, LR HENDRICK, JG MOFENSON, HC SIMON, PR FALK, H MILLER, RW ROGAN, WJ TI PCBS IN BREAST-MILK SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EXPOSURE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NU544 UT WOS:A1994NU54400029 ER PT J AU KRUGMAN, RD BAYS, JA CHADWICK, DL KANDA, MB LEVITT, CJ MCHUGH, MT BENOIT, MB POWELL, KE ROSMAN, MD KIRSCHNER, RH AF KRUGMAN, RD BAYS, JA CHADWICK, DL KANDA, MB LEVITT, CJ MCHUGH, MT BENOIT, MB POWELL, KE ROSMAN, MD KIRSCHNER, RH TI DISTINGUISHING SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME FROM CHILD-ABUSE FATALITIES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID APNEA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 124 EP 126 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NU544 UT WOS:A1994NU54400030 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, CM BLUMER, JL GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, GS BENNETT, DR MULINARE, J KAUFMAN, P LICATA, SA TOMICH, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ TEMPLE, AR AF KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, CM BLUMER, JL GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, GS BENNETT, DR MULINARE, J KAUFMAN, P LICATA, SA TOMICH, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ TEMPLE, AR TI CAMPHOR REVISITED - FOCUS ON TOXICITY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DATA-COLLECTION-SYSTEM C1 AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. PHARMACEUT MANUFACTURERS ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC. HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. AMER COLL OBSTET GYNECOL,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,ANESTHESIOL SECT,ELK GROVE VILLAGE,IL. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1994 VL 94 IS 1 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NU544 UT WOS:A1994NU54400031 ER PT J AU MAIN, DS IVERSON, DC MCGLOIN, J BANSPACH, SW COLLINS, JL RUGG, DL KOLBE, LJ AF MAIN, DS IVERSON, DC MCGLOIN, J BANSPACH, SW COLLINS, JL RUGG, DL KOLBE, LJ TI PREVENTING HIV-INFECTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS - EVALUATION OF A SCHOOL-BASED EDUCATION-PROGRAM SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; RISK; AIDS; IMPACT; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; CURRICULUM; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIORS; PROMOTION AB Background. This article reports the results of the impact of a school-based HIV prevention intervention on students' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to HIV infection. Methods. Seventeen schools within six Colorado school districts were assigned to either intervention or comparison conditions. Students in 10 schools received a 15-session, skills-based HIV prevention curriculum implemented by trained teachers. A total of 2,844 students completed at least one survey during the study period; surveys were matched using demographic questions, yielding a cohort of 979 students who had baseline and 6-month follow-up data. Results. Intervention students exhibited greater knowledge about HIV and greater intent to engage in safer sexual practices than the comparison students. Among sexually active students at the 6-month follow-up, intervention students reported fewer sexual partners within the past 2 months, greater frequency of using condoms, and greater intentions to engage in sex less frequently and to use a condom when having sex. Intervention students were also more likely to believe that teens their age who engage in HIV risk behaviors are vulnerable to infection. The intervention neither delayed the onset nor decreased the frequency of sexual intercourse and the frequency of alcohol and other drug use before sex by the 6-month follow-up assessment. Conclusions. The results suggest that skills-based risk reduction programs can have an effect on student behavior. Among sexually active students, evidence suggests that school-based interventions can reduce behavior associated with risk of HIV infection. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP MAIN, DS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT FAMILY MED,DENVER,CO 80220, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-88-0683] NR 38 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1006/pmed.1994.1056 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PB843 UT WOS:A1994PB84300001 PM 7971867 ER PT J AU PEARSON, D CHEADLE, A WAGNER, E TONSBERG, R PSATY, BM AF PEARSON, D CHEADLE, A WAGNER, E TONSBERG, R PSATY, BM TI DIFFERENCES IN SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC, HEALTH-STATUS, AND LIFE-STYLE CHARACTERISTICS AMONG AMERICAN-INDIANS BY TELEPHONE COVERAGE SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background. Telephone interviews are often used to obtain population-based estimates of health-related behaviors but they have serious limitations if phone coverage is poor and people without telephones differ from those with telephones. In this article we examine differences in selected sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle factors among a sample of American Indian adults with and without telephones. Methods. In-person interviews were conducted with 410 adult residents of a Rocky Mountain state American Indian reservation. The interview included a question asking about telephone coverage. We compared respondents with and without telephones on demographics, health status, and lifestyle practices. The comparison was repeated for health status and lifestyle practices after adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics. Results. Residents without phones generally were less educated, had lower income and were more likely to be unemployed. The prevalence of unhealthful lifestyle practices/factors was consistently higher for residents without telephones. Many of the differences were reduced by adjusting for demographic characteristics, but significant differences remained for alcohol and marijuana use. Conclusions. These results suggest that developing estimates of sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics on a Native American Indian reservation using a telephone survey method may result in significant noncoverage biases. Adjusting for demographic characteristics eliminated most of these differences. However, significant differences were still apparent with alcohol and marijuana use. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98101. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT HLTH SERV,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED & EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PEARSON, D (reprint author), GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH PROMOT,1730 MINOR AVE,SUITE 1520,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1006/pmed.1994.1063 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PB843 UT WOS:A1994PB84300008 PM 7971873 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ NELSON, DE AF SACKS, JJ NELSON, DE TI SMOKING AND INJURIES - AN OVERVIEW SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RESIDENTIAL FIRE INJURIES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; UNITED-STATES; DRINKING; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; ACCIDENTS; COMMUNITY AB Background. Although the disease consequences of cigarette smoking are well documented, smoking may also be associated with increased risk of injury. Our purpose is to provide an overview of this potential association. Methods. We conducted a literature review. Results. Cigarettes are the leading cause of death from fire and the second leading cause of fire-related injury. Studies estimate that compared with nonsmokers, smokers appear 1.5 times more likely to have a motor vehicle crash, 1.4-2.5 times more likely to be injured at work, and 2.0 times more likely to suffer other unintentional injuries. A variety of reasons may explain an association between cigarette smoking and injuries; these include (a) direct toxicity; (b) distractibility; (c) smoking-associated medical conditions; and (d) confounding factors, including personality or behavioral characteristics. Conclusions. Smoking may be an independent risk factor for thermal, motor vehicle, occupational, and other unintentional injuries. Nonsmokers may be at increased risk of injury from the presence of smokers in their environments, e.g., from fires. Societal benefits from decreased smoking prevalence are likely to include reduction of both fatal and nonfatal injuries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 93 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 515 EP 520 DI 10.1006/pmed.1994.1070 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA PB843 UT WOS:A1994PB84300015 PM 7971880 ER PT J AU STUDNICKI, J STEVERSON, B BLAIS, HN GOLEY, E RICHARDS, TB THORNTON, JN AF STUDNICKI, J STEVERSON, B BLAIS, HN GOLEY, E RICHARDS, TB THORNTON, JN TI ANALYZING ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES IN LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Few researchers have examined the problem of comparing the performances of local health departments. A contributing factor is the lack of a uniform method for describing the range of public health activities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Practice Program Office has identified 10 organizational practices that may be used to assure that the core functions of public health are being carried out at a local health department. The researchers determined the percentage of time devoted to each of the 10 practices by individual employees at a local public health unit in Tampa, FL. They identified the manpower expenditures and hours allocated to each of the 10 practices within the major program divisions of the unit. They found that the largest portion of manpower resources was allocated to implementing programs. A much smaller fraction of agency resources was devoted to analysis of the health needs of the community and to the development of plans and policies. Together, primary care and communicable disease programs accounted for fully three-quarters of the resources, environmental health for 11 percent, and administrative support services for 13 percent. With continuing refinement and modification, the methodology could provide a highly effective basis for describing and analyzing the activities and performances of local health departments. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,TAMPA,FL 33612. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV PUBL HLTH SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 109 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PA519 UT WOS:A1994PA51900006 PM 8041847 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH AF PEGUES, DA ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH TI PREVALENCE OF ILLICIT DRUGS DETECTED IN THE URINE OF WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE IN ALABAMA PUBLIC-HEALTH CLINICS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COCAINE USE; MATERNAL MARIJUANA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; PREVENTION; EXPOSURE; GROWTH AB Each year, it is estimated that from 350,000 to 739,000 U.S. infants are exposed in utero to one or more illicit drugs. To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for illicit drug use by women of child-bearing age in Alabama, during 2 months in 1991 the authors collected patient-reported histories, clinical histories, and urine specimens from 6,195 women statewide attending public health maternity clinics, family planning clinics, and a high-risk referral obstetrical clinic. Blind drug screening of urine specimens for marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, and amphetamines was performed with the use of a fluorescent polarization immunoassay. The overall prevalence of positive results for drugs tested was 10.1 percent, including 8.4 percent of the 3,554 pregnant and 12.3 percent of the 2,571 non-pregnant women screened. The drugs most frequently detected were marijuana and cocaine. Characteristics of the subjects associated with a higher prevalence of positive results for any drug tested or for marijuana included white race, older age, being divorced, nonstudent occupation, having 12 or less years of education, attending a clinic located in a suburban county, self-reported substance use, increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and reproductive history. Characteristics of women with positive screening for cocaine results were similar to those who tested positive for any drug, except that the prevalence of cocaine was higher among black women and those attending urban county clinics and did not vary by years of education. Patient-reported histories of drug use were insensitive in identifying women who had positive drug screening results (sensitivity, 6.3 percent; specificity, 98.2 percent). Thus, in this study, the use of illicit drugs among women of childbearing age attending public clinics in Alabama was common and emphasizes the need for targeted drug education and interventions to reduce the impact of drug use on this high-risk population. C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,434 MONROE ST,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 109 IS 4 BP 530 EP 538 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PA519 UT WOS:A1994PA51900012 PM 8041853 ER PT J AU MCNUTT, LA STROGATZ, DS COLES, FB FEHRS, LJ AF MCNUTT, LA STROGATZ, DS COLES, FB FEHRS, LJ TI IS THE HIGH ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY-RATE IN NEW-YORK-STATE JUST AN URBAN EFFECT SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB To determine whether New York State's high ischemic heart disease mortality rate was due primarily to an urban effect, rates for regions in the State were compared with each other and with national data. New York State mortality rates for the period 1980-87 were highest for New York City (344.5 per 100,000 residents), followed by upstate urban and rural areas (267.1-285.1), and New York City suburbs (272.5). However, the overall 1986 age-adjusted rate for the New York State region with the lowest mortality rate (265.7) exceeded that of 42 States. New York State's number one ischemic heart disease mortality ranking reflects the need for statewide intervention programs, because even regions with relatively low mortality rates are high when they are compared with national rates. C1 SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY 12201. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR ADULT & GERONTOL HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. RP FEHRS, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,MAIL STOP C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 109 IS 4 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PA519 UT WOS:A1994PA51900017 PM 8041858 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, MT WIESNER, PJ AF MCKENNA, MT WIESNER, PJ TI EVALUATION OF THE CONSENSUS HEALTH-STATUS INDICATOR FOR ASSESSING ADOLESCENT PREGNANCIES AND BIRTHS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES AB The authors used vital statistics and population data for DeKalb County, GA, in an evaluation of the accuracy of the Consensus Health Status Indicator for assessing adolescent pregnancies and births. The indicator used was the number of births to females 10-17 years of age, expressed as a percentage of all births in the population. The investigators found no significant changes in the proportions of births to adolescents for the period 1982-90. Births to adolescents were 5.3 percent of all births during 1982-84 and 5.2 percent during 1988-90. However, the pregnancy rate for adolescents in those years increased significantly, from 27.9 per 1,000 births for 1982-84 to 33.1 per 1,000 for 1988-90. The results indicate that, in localities with substantial changes in the age distribution of the population, the health status indicator does not adequately reflect trends in pregnancies among those 10-17 years of age. RP MCKENNA, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 109 IS 4 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PA519 UT WOS:A1994PA51900019 PM 8041860 ER PT J AU VATTUONE, JCW BRYAN, R AF VATTUONE, JCW BRYAN, R TI MICROSPORIDIAL SPECIES IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS AND CHRONIC DIARRHEA SO REVISTA MEDICA DE CHILE LA Spanish DT Letter ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; STOOL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO PI SANTIAGO PA CLASIFICADOR 1 CORREO 27, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0034-9887 J9 REV MED CHILE JI Rev. Medica Chile PD JUL PY 1994 VL 122 IS 7 BP 834 EP 835 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PX249 UT WOS:A1994PX24900018 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT AF WEBER, JT TI ZOOPHARMACOGNOSY - TOO HARD TO SWALLOW SO SCIENCES-NEW YORK LA English DT Letter RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0036-861X J9 SCIENCES JI Sci.-New York PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NW012 UT WOS:A1994NW01200001 ER PT J AU RUEBUSH, TK WELLER, SC KLEIN, RE AF RUEBUSH, TK WELLER, SC KLEIN, RE TI QUALITIES OF AN IDEAL VOLUNTEER COMMUNITY MALARIA WORKER - A COMPARISON OF THE OPINIONS OF COMMUNITY RESIDENTS AND NATIONAL MALARIA SERVICE STAFF SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; VOLUNTEER COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER; LATIN AMERICA ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; COLLABORATOR NETWORK; PARTICIPATION; PROGRAMS; SURVEILLANCE; GUATEMALA AB Since the late 1950s, most malaria surveillance and treatment in rural areas of Latin America has been carried out by networks of unpaid community malaria workers, known as Volunteer Collaborators, who are selected and supervised by staff of the national malaria services (NMSs) in each country. In spite of the free and readily accessible antimalarial treatment available at these Volunteer Collaborator posts, many residents continue to seek treatment elsewhere and in most cases take doses of antimalarials that are insufficient to cure their infections. To identify ways in which the Volunteer Collaborator Network could be made more attractive to residents and to improve the process of selection of new workers, we asked community residents and Guatemalan NMS workers to rank order, according to their importance, 11 qualities or characteristics of an 'ideal' volunteer malaria worker. Community residents preferred someone who is available to take care of patients at all times of the day, is a responsible person, and has a general knowledge of medicine. No significant differences were noted in the rank orders of male and female residents or literate and illiterate residents. National Malaria Service workers also preferred someone who takes care of patients at all times of the day, even when busy. In addition, they wanted individuals who recognize the importance of their work as a Volunteer Collaborator, but choosing volunteers who had a general knowledge of medicine was not important. By modifying the procedures used to select Volunteer Collaborators so as to identify candidates with the qualities preferred by residents, it should be possible to increase acceptance and improve the performance of these volunteer workers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV TEXAS, MED BRANCH, DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH, DIV SOCIOMED SCI, GALVESTON, TX 77550 USA. UNIV VALLE GUATEMALA, CTR RES & TRAINING TROP DIS, GUATEMALA CITY, GUATEMALA. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUL PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90172-4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA NN253 UT WOS:A1994NN25300012 PM 8066483 ER PT J AU VIANA, IRC SHER, A CARVALHO, OS MASSARA, CL ELOISANTOS, SM PEARCE, EJ COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G CORREAOLIVEIRA, R AF VIANA, IRC SHER, A CARVALHO, OS MASSARA, CL ELOISANTOS, SM PEARCE, EJ COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G CORREAOLIVEIRA, R TI INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION BY PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS FROM RESIDENTS OF AN AREA ENDEMIC FOR SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INVITRO CELLULAR RESPONSIVENESS; INVIVO MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; DIFFERENT CLINICAL FORMS; MURINE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MESENTERIC LYMPH-NODES; SOLUBLE EGG ANTIGENS; ADULT WORM ANTIGENS; IL-4 MESSENGER-RNA; GRANULOMATOUS LIVERS; BLOCKING ANTIBODIES AB During human schistosomiasis host responses to antigens of various parasite life-cycle stages may contribute to whether the severe, hepatosplenic state develops or the patient remains relatively asymptomatic throughout infection, and may play a role in resistance. This study evaluated production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in vitro by schistosome antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asymptomatic patients, and by PBMCs from apparently uninfected, untreated persons living in areas endemic for Schistosoma mansoni ('endemic normals'). IFN-gamma production parallels PBMC proliferation in that schistosomal egg antigens stimulate patent patients' cells poorly, but strongly stimulate PBMCs from 'endemic normals'. This is proportionally true for antigens from adult worms and cercariae. Although asymptomatic patent patients' cells produced little or no IFN-gamma in response to the 3 schistosomal antigenic extracts, their PBMCs, and PBMCs from 'endemic normals', produced expected amounts of IFN-gamma when exposed to phytohaemagglutinin. This implies that persons with patent infections have schistosome antigen-specific defects in their ability to respond to IFN-gamma production that are not exhibited by putatively resistant 'endemic normals'. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,DEPT BIOQUIM IMUNOL,BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26505] NR 45 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 88 IS 4 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90436-7 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA PE901 UT WOS:A1994PE90100041 PM 7570847 ER PT J AU SCHOBORG, RV SALTARELLI, MJ CLEMENTS, JE AF SCHOBORG, RV SALTARELLI, MJ CLEMENTS, JE TI A REV PROTEIN IS EXPRESSED IN CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (CAEV)-INFECTED CELLS AND IS REQUIRED FOR EFFICIENT VIRAL REPLICATION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANS-ACTIVATOR GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MESSENGER-RNA; HIV-1 REV; VISNA VIRUS; AIDS VIRUS; HTLV-III; T-CELL; TYPE-1 AB Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus that is closely related to visna virus and more distantly related to the human lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Like other lentiviruses, the genome of CAEV contains multiple small ORFs that encode viral regulatory proteins. Sequence analysis of the CAEV genome and cDNAs generated from mRNA in infected cells has suggested that one of these ORFs encodes a protein (Rev-C) that is analogous to Rev of visna virus and HIV. Antibodies generated to a carboxy-terminal peptide of the rev ORF immunoprecipitate an 18-kDa protein from cells transfected with the Rev cDNA clone. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis of CAEV-infected ovine primary cells show that the product of the rev ORF is expressed during infection and localizes to the nucleolus of infected cells. Also, sera from CAEV-infected goats specifically immunoprecipitates an in vitro-translated product from the full-length Rev cDNA clone as well as that from the unique second open reading frame of Rev-C which shows that the Rev-C protein is expressed during natural CAEV infection of animals. Insertion of either a mutation that creates two stop codons in the unique second open reading frame of Rev-C or a mutation in the basic domain of Rev-C into the CAEV infectious molecular done renders the virus unable to replicate in primary goat synovial membrane cells. Analysis of the RNA and proteins produced from both Rev-deficient clones indicates that they are defective in the accumulation of structural gene mRNAs in the cytoplasm as well as in synthesis of structural proteins compared to the wild-type CAEV clone. These data indicate that CAEV encodes a Rev protein that is required for efficient viral replication in culture. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Schoborg, Robert/A-2055-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 28748]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 23039]; PHS HHS [T32 A107394] NR 57 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL PY 1994 VL 202 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1316 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA NQ858 UT WOS:A1994NQ85800001 PM 8009824 ER PT J AU LIN, JC DE, BK MAR, EC AF LIN, JC DE, BK MAR, EC TI FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS DNA-POLYMERASE EXPRESSED IN THE BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; DNA POLYMERASE; EXPRESSION IN BACULOVIRUS ID ANTIGEN DIFFUSE COMPONENT; BINDING PROTEIN; TYPE-1; GENE; CELLS; PURIFICATION; INVITRO; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSLATION; ASSOCIATION AB The DNA polymerase gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was cloned into baculovirus transfer vector (pBlueBac). The recombinant baculovirus (AcEBP-15) was obtained by cotransfection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells with infectious DNA from Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrin virus (AcMNPV) and pBlueBac plasmid carrying EBV polymerase gene. Infection of Sf9 cells with the recombinant virus produced substantial quantities of the EBV DNA polymerase protein of the expected size (110 kD). The identity of the EBV polymerase 110-kD polypeptide was determined by (a) immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses with rabbit polyclonal antiserum specific for a synthetic peptide derived from the coding sequence of the polymerase gene; (b) identification of a polypeptide of identical size (110 kD) from EBV-infected cells; (c) measurement of DNA polymerase activity similar to that of the enzyme induced in EBV-infected cells; and (d) neutralization of the enzymatic activity by the rabbit antiserum and inhibition by phosphonoacetic acid. Our results indicate that the baculovirus expression system provides large quantities of functional polymerase suitable for biochemical and structural analyses, thereby furthering our understanding of the mechanism of viral DNA replication and its inhibition by antiviral drugs. RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,TUMOR VIROL LAB,MSD-10,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD JUL PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1007/BF01704517 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA PA599 UT WOS:A1994PA59900004 PM 7975269 ER PT J AU COMBS, DL DONOGHUE, ER AF COMBS, DL DONOGHUE, ER TI CHILD DEATHS FROM CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND GUNS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 OFF COOK CTY MED EXAMINER,CHICAGO,IL. RP COMBS, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 25 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8913 BP 1642 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)93099-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NU354 UT WOS:A1994NU35400055 PM 7911949 ER PT J AU COLLINS, FH BESANSKY, NJ AF COLLINS, FH BESANSKY, NJ TI VECTOR BIOLOGY AND THE CONTROL OF MALARIA IN AFRICA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; PARASITE CHITINASE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; TRANSMISSION; SPOROZOITES; POPULATIONS; KENYA RP COLLINS, FH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 24 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5167 BP 1874 EP 1875 DI 10.1126/science.8009215 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NT847 UT WOS:A1994NT84700030 PM 8009215 ER PT J AU VIGLIAROLO, P RAPPAPORT, S LIEBER, K GORMAN, A WHITE, R AF VIGLIAROLO, P RAPPAPORT, S LIEBER, K GORMAN, A WHITE, R TI POPULATIONS AT RISK FROM PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION - UNITED-STATES, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 290-293, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV EPIDEMIOL & STAT,NEW YORK,NY 10019. AMER LUNG ASSOC,NATL PROGRAMS DIV,NEW YORK,NY 10019. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VIGLIAROLO, P (reprint author), AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV COMMUN,NEW YORK,NY 10019, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 22 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 24 BP 1899 EP 1899 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NR598 UT WOS:A1994NR59800004 ER PT J AU LIEU, TA BLACK, SB SHINEFIELD, HR COCHI, SL HOLMES, SJ HALLORAN, ME AF LIEU, TA BLACK, SB SHINEFIELD, HR COCHI, SL HOLMES, SJ HALLORAN, ME TI ROUTINE CHILDHOOD VARICELLA VACCINATION - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID CHILDREN; ZOSTER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP LIEU, TA (reprint author), PERMANENTE MED GRP INC,OAKLAND,CA, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 22 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 24 BP 1906 EP 1906 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NR598 UT WOS:A1994NR59800018 ER PT J AU BONAVENTURA, C ARUMUGAM, M CASHON, R BONAVENTURA, J MOOPENN, WF AF BONAVENTURA, C ARUMUGAM, M CASHON, R BONAVENTURA, J MOOPENN, WF TI CHLORIDE MASKS EFFECTS OF OPPOSING POSITIVE CHARGES IN HB-A AND HB HINSDALE (BETA-139 ASN-]LYS) THAT CAN MODULATE COOPERATIVITY AS WELL AS OXYGEN-AFFINITY SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLOSTERY; ANION BINDING; CHLORIDE EFFECTS; COOPERATIVITY; HB FUNCTION ID 2,3-DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE BINDING-SITE; HUMAN-HEMOGLOBIN; IDENTIFICATION; DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; CONSEQUENCES C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM MARINE LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BONAVENTURA, C (reprint author), DEPT CELL BIOL,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. FU NCEH CDC HHS [NIEHS ESO-1908] NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 17 PY 1994 VL 239 IS 4 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1395 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NR597 UT WOS:A1994NR59700009 PM 8006968 ER PT J AU HAMBURG, MA FRIEDEN, TR AF HAMBURG, MA FRIEDEN, TR TI TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION IN THE 1990S SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HAMBURG, MA (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 13 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 16 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 24 BP 1750 EP 1751 DI 10.1056/NEJM199406163302410 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NR109 UT WOS:A1994NR10900010 PM 7910663 ER PT J AU DHAWAN, S HEREDIA, A LA, RB WAHL, LM EPSTEIN, JS HEWLETT, IK AF DHAWAN, S HEREDIA, A LA, RB WAHL, LM EPSTEIN, JS HEWLETT, IK TI INTERFERON-GAMMA INDUCES RESISTANCE IN PRIMARY MONOCYTES AGAINST HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HIV REPLICATION; T-CELLS; RESTRICTION; MACROPHAGES AB Treatment of monocytes with interferon-gamma 1 day before, or at the time of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) induced complete resistance in monocytes against HIV-1 infection. There was no evidence of viral RNA, proviral DNA, p24 antigen, or reverse transcriptase activity through 2 weeks after inoculation. Ultrastructural examination of these cells showed no detectable virus particles. When interferon-gamma was added to monocytes 1 to 3 days post-infection, virus integration occurred, but the viral expression was either ablated (1 day postinfection) or significantly inhibited (3 days post-infection). Treatment of monocytes with interferon-gamma before or after infection with HIV-1 produced significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 than untreated or uninfected monocytes. These results suggest that altered regulation of cytokines may mediate antiviral activity of interferon-gamma in monocytes. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIDR,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP DHAWAN, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,MOLEC VIROL LAB,HFM-310,1401 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 201 IS 2 BP 756 EP 761 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1765 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA NQ805 UT WOS:A1994NQ80500038 PM 8003012 ER PT J AU CODER, DM REDELMAN, D VOGT, RF AF CODER, DM REDELMAN, D VOGT, RF TI COMPUTING THE CENTRAL LOCATION OF IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE DISTRIBUTIONS - LOGARITHMIC DATA TRANSFORMATIONS ARE NOT ALWAYS APPROPRIATE SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE DATA ANALYSIS; STATISTICS; ANTIGEN DENSITY; FLOW CYTOMETRY; LOG NORMAL AB The idea of the ''average'' intensity of immunofluorescence data is often poorly defined, with such terms as average, mean, and peak used interchangeably. In addition, the common use of logarithmic amplifiers with immunofluorescence data further complicates the problem. Log amplifiers permit the display of a wider range of fluorescence intensities. At the same time, they effect a log transformation of the data. This transformation decreases the variance resulting in narrower fluorescence distributions, which are assumed to approximate normal distributions. When the log transform is used, the distribution mean is the geometric mean of the untransformed data, which is computed simply as the mean of the channel values. This mean value serves as a simple indicator of the population center. Despite the prevalence of log transformations in flow cytometry, this transformation may not yield normally distributed immunofluorescence data, whereas the square root or other fractional power transformations can yield normal distributions. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 SIERRA CYTOMETRY, RENO, NV USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI, IMMUNOL LAB, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP CODER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT IMMUNOL, CELL ANAL FACIL, SL-05, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1002/cyto.990180204 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA NU721 UT WOS:A1994NU72100002 PM 7924701 ER PT J AU BURD, L CHIANG, M RUTHERFORD, GW BANAIE, A DUTTA, S FARUQI, M HO, C RICHMAN, A RIESTER, K ROHR, C YUSUF, H ROOME, A HADLER, JL CARLSON, R CRAFT, W KEELING, C PHILLIPS, L RYAN, R SATZLER, C SCHMID, J UMMEL, M PELLETIER, A AF BURD, L CHIANG, M RUTHERFORD, GW BANAIE, A DUTTA, S FARUQI, M HO, C RICHMAN, A RIESTER, K ROHR, C YUSUF, H ROOME, A HADLER, JL CARLSON, R CRAFT, W KEELING, C PHILLIPS, L RYAN, R SATZLER, C SCHMID, J UMMEL, M PELLETIER, A TI MATERNAL HEPATITIS-B SCREENING PRACTICES - CALIFORNIA, CONNECTICUT, KANSAS, AND UNITED-STATES, 1992-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY-MORTALITY-WEEKLY-REPORT, VOL 43, PG 311, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BURD, L (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA, USA. RI Ho, Chien/O-6112-2016 OI Ho, Chien/0000-0002-4094-9232 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 23 BP 1819 EP 1820 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NP959 UT WOS:A1994NP95900008 ER PT J AU ELDRIDGE, L OWEN, P CONTRERAS, J SENNER, J LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E COOK, VFA MITTEN, J STEINER, B GUEST, R SCHOON, S BRAMBLETT, K KIRKCONNELL, S SCHWARTZ, R WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PENDLEY, L BAKER, C WASHINGTON, CR MAETZOLD, M CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E AF ELDRIDGE, L OWEN, P CONTRERAS, J SENNER, J LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E COOK, VFA MITTEN, J STEINER, B GUEST, R SCHOON, S BRAMBLETT, K KIRKCONNELL, S SCHWARTZ, R WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PENDLEY, L BAKER, C WASHINGTON, CR MAETZOLD, M CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E TI FREQUENT ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AMONG WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE - BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY-MORTALITY-WEEKLY-REPORT, VOL 43, PG 328, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,DEV DISABIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ELDRIDGE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 23 BP 1820 EP 1821 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NP959 UT WOS:A1994NP95900009 ER PT J AU BREIMAN, RF BUTLER, JC TENOVER, FC ELLIOTT, JA FACKLAM, RR AF BREIMAN, RF BUTLER, JC TENOVER, FC ELLIOTT, JA FACKLAM, RR TI EMERGENCE OF DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; INVASIVE DISEASE; VACCINE EFFICACY; MENINGITIS; POPULATIONS; CEFTRIAXONE; FAILURE AB Objective.-To estimate drug susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in selected hospitals in the United States and to characterize the epidemiology of invasive drug-resistant pneumococcal infections. Design.-Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for a variety of commonly used antimicrobial drugs were determined for pneumococcal isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Risk factors for drug-resistant pneumococcal infection were evaluated. Setting.-Hospital laboratories in the United States submitting pneumococcal isolates to the CDC between October 1, 1991, and September 30, 1992. Participants.-A total of 544 persons with pneumococci isolated from normally sterile sites. Results.-A total of 13 hospitals in 12 states actively participated in an ongoing pneumococcal surveillance study. Resistance to penicillin was detected in 6.6% of isolates, including 1.3% of isolates with MICs of 2.0 mu g/mL or more (compared with <0.02% of isolates with MIC greater than or equal to 2.0 mu g/mL identified by CDC surveillance from 1979 to 1987). A total of 16.4% were resistant to at least one of the following drugs or drug classes: penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides, combination trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Six serotypes (6B, 23F, 14, 9V, 19A, and 19F) accounted for nearly 85% of strains resistant to at least one drug class. Children were more likely than adults to be infected with strains resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, or chloramphenicol. Conclusions.-Emergence of drug-resistant pneumococcal infections will present critical challenges to clinicians for treating patients with pneumococcal disease. Widened and intensified surveillance is needed. These data suggest that current recommendations for use of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines should be aggressively promoted and that development and evaluation of new conjugate pneumococcal vaccines may be a crucial part of strategies for prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BREIMAN, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 490 Z9 498 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 23 BP 1831 EP 1835 DI 10.1001/jama.271.23.1831 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NP959 UT WOS:A1994NP95900026 PM 8196139 ER PT J AU SCHIEBER, RA BRANCHEDORSEY, CM RYAN, GW AF SCHIEBER, RA BRANCHEDORSEY, CM RYAN, GW TI COMPARISON OF IN-LINE SKATING INJURIES WITH ROLLERSKATING AND SKATEBOARDING INJURIES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB Objective.-To describe the estimated relative frequency, types of injuries, and demographic features of people injured while in-line skating, rollerskating, and skateboarding in the United States. Design.-Case series. Setting.-Emergency department visits to hospitals participating in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Participants.-All persons treated for a product-related injury involving in-line skates, rollerskates, or a skateboard between July 1, 1992, and June 30, 1993. Results.-Approximately 30 863 persons (95% confidence interval, 23 073 to 38 653) were treated for in-line skating injuries during the study period. For every in-line skating injury, approximately 3.3 rollerskating and 1.2 skateboarding injuries occurred (P<.0001). The median age of those injured in these three sports was 15, 12, and 13 years, respectively (P<.0001). Sixty-three percent of injured in-line skaters had a musculoskeletal injury, including 37% with a wrist injury, of which two thirds were fractures and/or dislocations. Five percent of all injured in-line skaters had head injury and 3.5% of the injured in-line skaters required hospitalization. Conclusions.-In-line skating and skateboarding injuries resulted in a similar number of emergency department visits, but fewer than that for rollerskating injuries. Because wrist fractures were the most common type of injury in all three sports, wrist protection is needed. Head protection by helmets is recommended. RP SCHIEBER, RA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 23 BP 1856 EP 1858 DI 10.1001/jama.271.23.1856 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NP959 UT WOS:A1994NP95900030 PM 8196143 ER PT J AU KURMAN, RJ HENSON, DE HERBST, AL NOLLER, KL SCHIFFMAN, MH BONFIGLIO, T BUCK, H CRUM, C CURTIN, JP GREENBERG, M HATCH, K JENSON, AB JOHNSON, P JONES, H KAMINETSKY, H KLEIN, L KOSS, L KRUMHOLZ, B LEE, N LUFF, R MANDELBLATT, J REID, R RICHART, R SEDLACEK, T SNEIDERMAN, C SOLOMON, D STOLER, M TAUB, F TRIMBLE, E TUCKER, E TWIGGS, LB WILKINSON, E ATKINSON, B AVERETTE, HE CREASMAN, W FRYHOFER, S NOY, J NIELSEN, M NOLLER, K PARK, R WESTHOFF, D AF KURMAN, RJ HENSON, DE HERBST, AL NOLLER, KL SCHIFFMAN, MH BONFIGLIO, T BUCK, H CRUM, C CURTIN, JP GREENBERG, M HATCH, K JENSON, AB JOHNSON, P JONES, H KAMINETSKY, H KLEIN, L KOSS, L KRUMHOLZ, B LEE, N LUFF, R MANDELBLATT, J REID, R RICHART, R SEDLACEK, T SNEIDERMAN, C SOLOMON, D STOLER, M TAUB, F TRIMBLE, E TUCKER, E TWIGGS, LB WILKINSON, E ATKINSON, B AVERETTE, HE CREASMAN, W FRYHOFER, S NOY, J NIELSEN, M NOLLER, K PARK, R WESTHOFF, D TI INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR; ENDOCERVICAL CELLS; BETHESDA SYSTEM; YOUNG-WOMEN; CANCER; ADENOCARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NEOPLASIA C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD. NCI,EARLY DETECT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,WORCESTER,MA. UNIV CHICAGO,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA. MEM HOSP CANC & ALLIED DIS,NEW YORK,NY. GRAD HOSP PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. VANDERBILT UNIV SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY. LONG ISL JEWISH MED CTR,NEW HYDE PK,NY. SACRED HEART HOSP,ALLENTOWN,PA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY. CARSON CTR,SOUTHFIELD,MI. SLOANE HOSP WOMEN,NEW YORK,NY. NATL LIB MED,BETHESDA,MD. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH. SYNCHROCELL,SILVER SPRING,MD. AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS,CHICAGO,IL. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,GAINESVILLE,FL. AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS,PHILADELPHIA,PA. AMER CANC SOC,MIAMI,FL. SOC GYNECOL ONCOLOGISTS,CHARLESTON,SC. AMER COLL PHYSICIANS,ATLANTA,GA. AMER ACAD FAMILY PRACTICE,HOUSTON,TX. COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,WICHITA,KS. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WORCESTER,MA. GYNECOL ONCOL GRP,PHILADELPHIA,PA. AMER SOC INTERNAL MED,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. RP KURMAN, RJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL,600 N WOLFE ST,711 PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21287, USA. NR 30 TC 460 Z9 474 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 23 BP 1866 EP 1869 DI 10.1001/jama.271.23.1866 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NP959 UT WOS:A1994NP95900032 PM 8196145 ER PT J AU DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA AF DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA TI A CONSTRAINED EMPIRICAL BAYES ESTIMATOR FOR INCIDENCE RATES IN AREAS WITH SMALL POPULATIONS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CANCER MORTALITY-RATES; MODELS; MAPS AB Maps that show the geographic distribution of incidence rates can be useful tools for analysing spatial variation in mortality and morbidity. To attain the necessary geographic resolution, however, production of such maps often requires estimation of incidence in areas with small populations where the observed rates may be highly unstable. Manton et al. have presented an empirical Bayes stabilization procedure in which the observed rate is combined with an area-specific estimate of the underlying incidence. The approach allows for the mapping of outcomes with varied and possibly unknown etiologies without necessitating covariate dependent modelling of the expected rate. The empirical distribution of a collection of these estimates, however, may not provide an adequate description of the dispersion among the true rates. As a result, decisions based on the histogram of the empirical Bayes estimates may be suspect. We propose a modified version of the approach in which the mean and sample variance of the ensemble of estimates are constrained to equal the appropriate moments of the posterior distribution. The resulting collection of constrained empirical Bayes estimators has nearly the stability of the unconstrained approach and provides an improved estimator of the true rate distribution. We illustrate use of the estimator by producing stabilized county-level maps of U.S. fire- and burn-related mortality rates and validate the analytic results using a simulation analysis. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP DEVINE, OJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1994 VL 13 IS 11 BP 1119 EP 1133 DI 10.1002/sim.4780131104 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA NT802 UT WOS:A1994NT80200003 PM 8091039 ER PT J AU LUCAS, SB DECOCK, KM HOUNNOU, A PEACOCK, C DIOMANDE, M HONDE, M BEAUMEL, A KESTENS, L KADIO, A AF LUCAS, SB DECOCK, KM HOUNNOU, A PEACOCK, C DIOMANDE, M HONDE, M BEAUMEL, A KESTENS, L KADIO, A TI CONTRIBUTION OF TUBERCULOSIS TO SLIM DISEASE IN AFRICA SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIDS; HIV; UGANDA; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA AB Objectives-To assess the contribution of tuberculosis to the aetiology of the HIV wasting syndrome (slim) in Africa, a condition usually considered an enteropathy. Methods-Clinical examination and representative necropsy study of adult patients positive for HIV. Setting-Hospital medical wards in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Subjects-Adults positive for HIV. Main outcome measures-CD4 T lymphocyte counts before death, clinical and anthropometric data, and gross and microscopic pathology. Results-Necropsy was done on 212 HIV positive adults. Tuberculosis was found in 41 of 93 with the clinical HIV wasting syndrome and in 32 of 119 without (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.0). A significant association existed between the prevalence of tuberculosis at necropsy and the degree of cadaveric wasting (no wasting 25% (15/59); moderate wasting 40% (23/58); skeletal wasting 44% (42/95); P=0.02). Wasting was also associated with a history of chronic diarrhoea, but no association existed between diarrhoea and tuberculosis. Median CD4 T lymphocyte counts were lowest in wasted patients irrespective of findings at necropsy and in those with chronic diarrhoea (<60x10(6)/l). Conclusion-Wasting and chronic diarrhoea are late stage manifestations of HIV disease in Africa. The importance of tuberculosis as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of the slim syndrome has been underestimated. In nearly half of patients dying with severe wasting, tuberculosis was the dominant pathological finding. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV HOSP ABIDJAN,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. RP LUCAS, SB (reprint author), UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,LONDON WC1E 6JJ,ENGLAND. NR 23 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUN 11 PY 1994 VL 308 IS 6943 BP 1531 EP 1533 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NR110 UT WOS:A1994NR11000018 PM 7912597 ER PT J AU HANSEN, J GOLDSBERRY, M PELLETIER, A AF HANSEN, J GOLDSBERRY, M PELLETIER, A TI TETANUS - KANSAS, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 309-311, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,TOPEKA,KS. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP HANSEN, J (reprint author), KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,BUR DIS CONTROL,IMMUNIZAT SECT,TOPEKA,KS 66620, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 22 BP 1732 EP 1732 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN725 UT WOS:A1994NN72500004 ER PT J AU OHYE, R HIGA, H VOGT, R WASHINGTON, JA DOYLE, L SAYERS, D HALPIN, TJ AF OHYE, R HIGA, H VOGT, R WASHINGTON, JA DOYLE, L SAYERS, D HALPIN, TJ TI DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO FLUOROQUINOLONES - OHIO AND HAWAII, 1992-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 325-327, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID URETHRAL GONORRHEA; CIPROFLOXACIN; NORFLOXACIN; ENOXACIN C1 CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,SURV & INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP OHYE, R (reprint author), HAWAII DEPT HLTH,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 22 BP 1733 EP 1734 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN725 UT WOS:A1994NN72500005 ER PT J AU HUNTER, L SMITH, CG MACCORMACK, JN AF HUNTER, L SMITH, CG MACCORMACK, JN TI BRUCELLOSIS OUTBREAK AT A PORK PROCESSING PLANT - NORTH-CAROLINA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 113-116, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NIOSH,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP HUNTER, L (reprint author), N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 22 BP 1734 EP 1735 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN725 UT WOS:A1994NN72500006 ER PT J AU PAPPAGIANIS, D FELDMAN, G BILLIMEK, M MASCOLA, L WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW AF PAPPAGIANIS, D FELDMAN, G BILLIMEK, M MASCOLA, L WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW TI COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS FOLLOWING THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE - CALIFORNIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 194-195, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VENTURA CTY PUBL HLTH DEPT,VENTURA,CA 93001. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CDC,NIOSH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP PAPPAGIANIS, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 22 BP 1735 EP 1735 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN725 UT WOS:A1994NN72500007 ER PT J AU GUNN, RA SPITTERS, CE AF GUNN, RA SPITTERS, CE TI SCREENING FOR CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS - A CASE FOR EMPIRICAL-TREATMENT SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; URINE; MALES; MEN C1 SAN DIEGO CTY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS CONTROL PR,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP GUNN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 22 BP 1741 EP 1742 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN725 UT WOS:A1994NN72500011 PM 8196110 ER PT J AU DONDERO, TJ HU, DJ GEORGE, JR AF DONDERO, TJ HU, DJ GEORGE, JR TI HIV-1 VARIANTS - YET ANOTHER CHALLENGE TO PUBLIC-HEALTH SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material RP DONDERO, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 4 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8910 BP 1376 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92517-8 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NP955 UT WOS:A1994NP95500003 PM 7910877 ER PT J AU BOLYARD, E BELL, DM AF BOLYARD, E BELL, DM TI REUSE OF SYRINGES - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID STERILITY RP BOLYARD, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 2 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 22 BP 1618 EP 1619 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN215 UT WOS:A1994NN21500030 ER PT J AU EAKER, ED HAHN, RA AF EAKER, ED HAHN, RA TI MORE ON THE WOMENS HEALTH INITIATIVE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EAKER, ED (reprint author), MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 2 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 22 BP 1619 EP 1620 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN215 UT WOS:A1994NN21500032 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, J KRESNOW, MJ BRACKBILL, R AF RUSSELL, J KRESNOW, MJ BRACKBILL, R TI THE EFFECT OF ADULT BELT LAWS AND OTHER FACTORS ON RESTRAINT USE FOR CHILDREN UNDER AGE 11 SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE CHILD RESTRAINTS; CHILD SAFETY SEATS; INJURY CONTROL; OCCUPANT RESTRAINTS; PREVENTION ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; INJURIES; DEVICES AB We used data from 11 states (5,449 respondents) to examine the association between self-reported consistent use of occupant restraints for children under 11 years of age and presence of adult belt-use laws while controlling for other factors. Self-reported safety belt use by adults, age of youngest child in the household (child restraint use decreased with increasing age), and adult educational attainment were significant predictors of child restraint use; respondent age, race/ethnicity, sex, marital status, household income, and employment status were not. Adult and child occupant restraint use was higher in states with an adult safety belt law than in states without such a law. RP RUSSELL, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90002-7 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA NJ772 UT WOS:A1994NJ77200002 PM 8011041 ER PT J AU BATTER, V MATELA, B NSUAMI, M MANZILA, T KAMENGA, M BEHETS, F RYDER, RW HEYWARD, WL KARON, JM STLOUIS, ME AF BATTER, V MATELA, B NSUAMI, M MANZILA, T KAMENGA, M BEHETS, F RYDER, RW HEYWARD, WL KARON, JM STLOUIS, ME TI HIGH HIV-1 INCIDENCE IN YOUNG-WOMEN MASKED BY STABLE OVERALL SEROPREVALENCE AMONG CHILDBEARING WOMEN IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE - ESTIMATING INCIDENCE FROM SERIAL SEROPREVALENCE DATA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; SURVEYS; AGE-SPECIFIC SEROPREVALENCE; INCIDENCE; ESTIMATION; BIRTH-YEAR COHORT ANALYSIS; PREGNANT WOMEN; ZAIRE ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; DISEASES AB Objective: To describe the dynamics of the HIV-1 epidemic in childbearing women in Kinshasa, Zaire, by estimating incidence from serial seroprevalence studies. Methods: In 1986 and 1989, 5937 and 4623 pregnant women, respectively, were screened for HIV-1 in Kinshasa. We estimated age-specific incidence from two seroprevalence surveys by using a birth-year cohort analysis and adjusting for differences in mortality and fertility between HIV-1-infected and uninfected women. Mortality and fertility data were measured in a cohort of women recruited from the survey in 1986 and followed until 1989. Results: While the overall HIV-1 seroprevalence changed little (5.8% in 1986 and 6.5% in 1989; P=0.17), the prevalence increased in birth-year cohorts of women under 25 years of age in 1989 from 3.2 to 6.2% (P<0.001), but decreased for women above 25 years of age from 6.9 to 6.7% (P=0.7). In addition, new HIV infections between 1986 and 1989 were balanced by a higher mortality and lower fertility observed in HIV-infected women. After adjusting for these effects, we estimated an overall 3-year cumulative HIV-1 incidence of 2.8 per 100 uninfected women [95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.4-4.2]. The highest incidence, 5.7 per 100 (95% Cl, 3.5-8.0), was in women aged 20-24 years in 1989. Conclusion: Despite an overall relatively stable HIV-1 prevalence in childbearing women in Kinshasa between 1986 and 1989, approximately 40% of all HIV-1 infections detected in the 1989 survey occurred between 1986 and 1989, and 60% occurred in women under 25 years of age in 1989. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. RP BATTER, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-48,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 6 BP 811 EP 817 DI 10.1097/00002030-199406000-00014 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NP436 UT WOS:A1994NP43600014 PM 8086141 ER PT J AU DJOMAND, G DIABY, L NGBICHI, JM COULIBALY, D KADIO, A YAPI, A KANGA, JM BOATENG, E DIALLO, K KESTENS, L BRATTEGAARD, K DECOCK, KM AF DJOMAND, G DIABY, L NGBICHI, JM COULIBALY, D KADIO, A YAPI, A KANGA, JM BOATENG, E DIALLO, K KESTENS, L BRATTEGAARD, K DECOCK, KM TI IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION IN A WEST-AFRICAN POPULATION SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE CD4; IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; AIDS; HIV-1; HIV-2; AFRICA; WASTING ID UNEXPLAINED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; CD4+ LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; CELL DEFICIENCY; TUBERCULOSIS; PATIENT; AIDS; ABSENCE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; CANDIDIASIS AB Objective: To assess the frequency of CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in selected populations in West Africa and to determine whether an association exists between AIDS-like illnesses and CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in HIV-negative individuals. Design: Retrospective review of databases and prospective case-control study. Setting: Projet RETRO-Cl, an AIDS research project in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, a University Hospital and tuberculosis treatment and maternal and child health centres in Abidjan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts performed between 1991 and 1992 on hospitalized medical patients, outpatients with tuberculosis, and women participating in a study of HIV-1 and HIV-2 mother-to-child transmission. A prospective case-control study was conducted in 1992 to examine the relationship between HIV-negative CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion and wasting syndrome (wasting and chronic diarrhoea and/or chronic fever). Results: In the retrospective data review, CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts <300x10(6)/l were found in 9.6% of 115 HIV-negative hospitalized patients, in 4.2% of 312 ambulatory tuberculosis patients, and in 0.4% of 263 healthy women after delivery. In the case-control study, no association was found between CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in HIV-negative individuals and the presence of wasting syndrome. Increased mortality in HIV-negative individuals was associated with wasting but not with reduced CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. In contrast, a trend existed for increased mortality with increasingly severe CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in HIV-positive patients. Tuberculosis was the most frequently proven or suspected diagnosis in HIV-negative individuals with wasting and CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia. Conclusions: In the absence of HIV infection, CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia is uncommon (<1%) in West African asymptomatic individuals but is more frequent in those with tuberculosis (4%) and hospitalized patients (10%). CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in HIV-negative individuals was not associated with wasting syndrome or increased mortality. There was no evidence for frequent, clinically relevant immune deficiency other than that associated with HIV infection. C1 CTR HOSP TREICHVILLE,PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR HOSP TREICHVILLE,CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX TREICHVILLE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR HOSP TREICHVILLE,SERV MALAD INFECT,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 6 BP 843 EP 847 DI 10.1097/00002030-199406000-00019 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NP436 UT WOS:A1994NP43600019 PM 7916194 ER PT J AU BRACKBILL, RM CAMERON, LL BEHRENS, V AF BRACKBILL, RM CAMERON, LL BEHRENS, V TI PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES AND IMPAIRMENTS AMONG US FARMERS, 1986-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURE; CHRONIC DISEASE; PREVALENCE ID HEARING-LOSS; MORTALITY; INJURIES; WORKERS; HIP; AGRICULTURE; OCCUPATION; DISORDERS; SMOKING; COHORT AB Farmers in the United States suffer disproportionately from certain chronic diseases and impairments. This analysis estimated the prevalence of selected diseases among farmers and compared these rates with those for other US workers. Five years (1986-1990) of National Health Interview Survey data on white male workers were combined to provide a basis for estimating the prevalence of selected conditions and impairments among this subgroup. Crude prevalence rates were significantly elevated for farmers compared with other workers for cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, skin cancer, hearing loss, and amputations. These elevations persisted when farmers were compared with blue-collar workers. The crude prevalence of orthopedic impairments and chronic respiratory diseases was not elevated among farmers, but the age-adjusted prevalence ratios for cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and amputations were significantly elevated for farmers as compared with other workers. The prevalence of hearing loss was significantly higher only for farmers older than 65 years. This method of pooling data holds promise for studying disease rates in other small segments of the US population. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 BP 1055 EP 1065 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN797 UT WOS:A1994NN79700001 PM 8192138 ER PT J AU ADAMS, M HARLASS, F SARNO, A READ, J RAWLINGS, J AF ADAMS, M HARLASS, F SARNO, A READ, J RAWLINGS, J TI ANTENATAL HOSPITALIZATION AMONG ENLISTED SERVICE WOMEN, 1987-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S53 EP S53 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300173 ER PT J AU ASKEW, G INELLI, L DEGRAAF, J LUTZ, J SIEGEL, B SPITALNY, K AF ASKEW, G INELLI, L DEGRAAF, J LUTZ, J SIEGEL, B SPITALNY, K TI URBAN PEDIATRIC PROVIDER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES REGARDING CHILDHOOD VACCINATION - NEW-JERSEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW JERSEY HLTH DEPT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SERV EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S20 EP S20 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300063 ER PT J AU BALLARD, T BURNETT, C SIEBER, K HALPERIN, W SELIGMAN, P AF BALLARD, T BURNETT, C SIEBER, K HALPERIN, W SELIGMAN, P TI MEETING THE-HEALTHY-PEOPLE-2000 OBJECTIVE FOR BREAST-CANCER SCREENING - HOW WELL ARE EMPLOYED WOMEN DOING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300150 ER PT J AU BAUMRIND, N BOLAN, G LADAN, A GUNN, R MARTINEZ, A NAKASHIMA, A GREENSPAN, J AF BAUMRIND, N BOLAN, G LADAN, A GUNN, R MARTINEZ, A NAKASHIMA, A GREENSPAN, J TI EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF A CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS SCREENING AND TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR WOMEN USING SENTINEL SITE SURVEILLANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCPS,DSTD,HIVP,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94103. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300165 ER PT J AU BERG, C KOONIN, L ATRASH, H TUCKER, M AF BERG, C KOONIN, L ATRASH, H TUCKER, M TI PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY, 1987-1990 - INCREASING DEATH RATES OR IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300171 ER PT J AU BRACKBILL, RM MACGOWAN, RJ JOHNSON, W COUCHON, A MCLAUGHLIN, P AF BRACKBILL, RM MACGOWAN, RJ JOHNSON, W COUCHON, A MCLAUGHLIN, P TI A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF HIV-INFECTION RISK BEHAVIORS AND HIV SEROSTATUS AMONG DRUG-USERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300260 ER PT J AU CRAGAN, JD HANSON, JW KIRBY, RS KRISHNAMURTI, D ROBERTS, HE SHAW, GM STEVENSON, RE VELIE, EM WILLIAMSON, RA AF CRAGAN, JD HANSON, JW KIRBY, RS KRISHNAMURTI, D ROBERTS, HE SHAW, GM STEVENSON, RE VELIE, EM WILLIAMSON, RA TI IMPACT OF PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS ON BIRTH PREVALENCE OF ANENCEPHALY AND SPINA-BIFIDA, UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300010 ER PT J AU DANEL, I CASTILLO, P STUPP, P GRAHAM, W AF DANEL, I CASTILLO, P STUPP, P GRAHAM, W TI ESTIMATING MATERNAL MORTALITY IN NICARAGUA BY EXAMINING THE SURVIVAL OF SISTERS - A COMPARISON OF 2 DATA-COLLECTION STRATEGIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S64 EP S64 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300213 ER PT J AU GLASSER, JW RHODES, PH CHEN, RT KNOEBEL, H CHANG, PY AF GLASSER, JW RHODES, PH CHEN, RT KNOEBEL, H CHANG, PY TI A STUDY OF UNEXPLAINED SUDDEN INFANT DEATHS FOLLOWING VACCINATION VIA CASE-CROSSOVER AND CASE-CONTROL METHODS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S17 EP S17 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300053 ER PT J AU HALL, JS BONHOMME, M FORTNEY, JA MCCANN, M BISGROVE, EZ DOMINIK, R AF HALL, JS BONHOMME, M FORTNEY, JA MCCANN, M BISGROVE, EZ DOMINIK, R TI USE OF DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE (DMPA) AND THE RISK OF SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA IN-SITU OF THE UTERINE CERVIX SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FAMILY HLTH INT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S81 EP S81 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300280 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, A MILLER, G ROSEN, D HUMPHREY, H SINKS, T AF HENDERSON, A MILLER, G ROSEN, D HUMPHREY, H SINKS, T TI BREAST-CANCER IN WOMEN EXPOSED TO POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S28 EP S28 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300093 ER PT J AU LIU, S SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF MOKDAD, AH BYERS, T AF LIU, S SERDULA, MK WILLIAMSON, DF MOKDAD, AH BYERS, T TI ALCOHOL INTAKE AND CHANGE IN BODY-WEIGHT IN US WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300177 ER PT J AU MACKE, BA BERG, CJ DALMADA, P AF MACKE, BA BERG, CJ DALMADA, P TI STRESS, HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS, AND VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300209 ER PT J AU MARINACDABIC, D KRULEWITCH, CJ MOORE, RM AF MARINACDABIC, D KRULEWITCH, CJ MOORE, RM TI BIRTH-WEIGHT IN RELATION TO FREQUENT PRENATAL ULTRASOUND EXPOSURES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CDC,DRH,PIHB,ATLANTA,GA. OASH,OIH,WASHINGTON,DC 20201. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300207 ER PT J AU MERTZ, K LEVINE, W MOSURE, D BERMAN, S JOHNSON, M AF MERTZ, K LEVINE, W MOSURE, D BERMAN, S JOHNSON, M TI EFFICIENT SCREENING FOR GONORRHEA - FINDINGS FROM A SENTINEL COMMUNITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300166 ER PT J AU MILLER, MA TEUTSCH, S AF MILLER, MA TEUTSCH, S TI MODELING THE IMPACT OF THE CLINICAL-LABORATORY-IMPROVEMENT-AMENDMENTS-OF-1988 (CLIA-88) ON SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S71 EP S71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300241 ER PT J AU NEAL, JJ FLEMING, PL GREEN, TA CHU, SY BURGESS, DA AF NEAL, JJ FLEMING, PL GREEN, TA CHU, SY BURGESS, DA TI SURVIVAL AMONG HETEROSEXUALS WITH AIDS, UNITED-STATES, 1988-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300100 ER PT J AU ROELEVELD, N WHELAN, E EWERS, L AF ROELEVELD, N WHELAN, E EWERS, L TI VALIDITY OF SELF-REPORTED LEAD-EXPOSURE AMONG BRIDGE WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008 OI Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300196 ER PT J AU SCHIEBER, R BRANCHEDORSEY, C AF SCHIEBER, R BRANCHEDORSEY, C TI EFFECTIVENESS OF WRIST GUARDS IN PREVENTING WRIST INJURIES TO IN-LINE SKATERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300021 ER PT J AU SIMONSEN, L SCHMIDT, MJ HENNESEY, T UMLAND, E SEWELL, M ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG BREIMAN, R AF SIMONSEN, L SCHMIDT, MJ HENNESEY, T UMLAND, E SEWELL, M ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG BREIMAN, R TI IS THERE A MILD COURSE OF HANTAVIRAL ILLNESS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300281 ER PT J AU WAINWRIGHT, S BUCHANAN, S MAINZER, H AF WAINWRIGHT, S BUCHANAN, S MAINZER, H TI CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY - THE HIDDEN PERIL OF HEAT WAVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300160 ER PT J AU WATKINS, M SCANLON, K MULINARE, J KHOURY, M AF WATKINS, M SCANLON, K MULINARE, J KHOURY, M TI IS MATERNAL OBESITY A RISK FACTOR FOR ANENCEPHALY AND SPINA-BIFIDA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S11 EP S11 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300032 ER PT J AU WELTMAN, AC BENNETT, NM MISAGE, JH CAMPANA, JJ FINE, LS DONIGER, AS BALZANO, GJ ACKMAN, DA BIRKHEAD, GS AF WELTMAN, AC BENNETT, NM MISAGE, JH CAMPANA, JJ FINE, LS DONIGER, AS BALZANO, GJ ACKMAN, DA BIRKHEAD, GS TI MULTI-COUNTY OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-A, NEW-YORK-STATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. MONROE CTY HLTH DEPT,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S80 EP S80 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300276 ER PT J AU WILL, J AF WILL, J TI WEIGHT-LOSS - ARE THERE PRIVILEGED GROUPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300017 ER EF