FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU PINCUS, T BROOKS, RH CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T BROOKS, RH CALLAHAN, LF TI MEASURES OF INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS MAY INDICATE NO CHANGE OR IMPROVEMENT OVER 5 YEARS WHILE MEASURES OF DAMAGE INDICATE DISEASE PROGRESSION - IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP R20 EP R20 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RD908 UT WOS:A1995RD90800060 ER PT J AU KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC QUINN, FD BUTLER, WR SHINNICK, TM KING, CH AF KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC QUINN, FD BUTLER, WR SHINNICK, TM KING, CH TI ISOLATION OF RNA FROM MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS USING A NITROGEN DECOMPRESSION CHAMBER SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID IDENTIFICATION RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HANSENS DIS LAB, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 987 EP + PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RB854 UT WOS:A1995RB85400013 PM 7546724 ER PT J AU CLARKE, SC TAFFEL, S AF CLARKE, SC TAFFEL, S TI CHANGES IN CESAREAN DELIVERY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1988 AND 1993 SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article AB The rate of cesarean delivery in the United States (22.8% in 1993) has remained stable since the mid-1980s after dramatic increases during the 1970s and early 1980s. The primary cesarean rate (16.3 cesareans in 1993 per 100 women with no history of previous cesarean delivery) Mas also stable from 1988 to 1993. During this same period, the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) doubled, from 12.6 to 25.4 percent. In both 1988 and 1993, rates of cesarean delivery were higher in the South than in other regions, for mothers 35 years or older than for younger women, for proprietary than for nonprofit or state and local government hospitals, and for women with private insurance than for women with Medicaid or self-pay as the expected source of payment. Even if VBAC rates continue to increase at the same rate as in the past, the Year 2000 goal of an overall cesarean rate of 15 percent cannot be met without reducing the primary cesarean rate by 50 percent. RP CLARKE, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV VITAL STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1523-536X.1995.tb00561.x PG 5 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA RA972 UT WOS:A1995RA97200002 PM 7779224 ER PT J AU HEMINGWAY, J LINDSAY, SW SMALL, GJ JAWARA, M COLLINS, FH AF HEMINGWAY, J LINDSAY, SW SMALL, GJ JAWARA, M COLLINS, FH TI INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS IN INDIVIDUAL-SPECIES OF THE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) IN AN AREA OF THE GAMBIA WHERE PYRETHROID IMPREGNATED BEDNETS ARE USED EXTENSIVELY FOR MALARIA CONTROL SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TREATED BED NETS; TARGETED CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CROSS-RESISTANCE; DDT RESISTANCE; WEST-AFRICA; RURAL AREA; SRI-LANKA; MECHANISMS; CHILDREN; STRAINS AB Pyrethroid-impregnated bednets are being used nationwide in The Gambia. The future success of this malaria control programme depends partly on the vectors remaining susceptible to those insecticides used for treating the nets. The present study was carried out on the south bank of the river Gambia, during the first large scale trial of nets in this country. Thus this area represents a sentinel site for detecting insecticide resistance in local vectors. This study gives an example of how a system of early detection for resistance problems can be set up in a relatively complex situation where multiple vectors and non-vectors are present. Samples of the Anopheles gambiae complex were caught indoors using light traps in twelve villages used in the bednet study. In all villages A. gambiae sensu stricto Giles was the predominant member of the complex as determined using the rDNA-PCR diagnostic assay. Limited bioassays with DDT and permethrin, and biochemical assays for a range of insecticide resistance mechanisms suggest that the A. gambiae complex remains completely susceptible to all major classes of commonly used insecticides including pyrethroids. Biochemical assays suggest that a low frequency of: DDT resistance may occur in A. melas Theobald. This is based on elevated glutathione S-transferase levels coupled with increased levels of DDT metabolism and does not involve cross-resistance to pyrethroids. Therefore we do not envisage a decline in the efficacy of treated nets against malaria vectors in the study area in the immediate future, although monitoring should be continued whilst wide-scale use of impregnated bednets is operational. C1 MRC, BANJUL, GAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP HEMINGWAY, J (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF, DEPT PURE & APPL BIOL, POB 915, CARDIFF CF1 3TL, S GLAM, WALES. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TD339 UT WOS:A1995TD33900008 ER PT J AU Satcher, D AF Satcher, D TI Violence as a public health issue SO BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUN OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; HOME; VICTIMIZATION; ASSAULTS; SUICIDE AB Violence - homicides, suicides, injuries caused by youth or family acts - continues in the United States. Firearms are involved in most incidents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention addresses the problem using the traditional tools of public health: epidemiologic data, individual and societal interventions based on the data, and ongoing evaluations to assess the effects of the interventions and change them if necessary. Examples of interventions are presented. RP Satcher, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MSD14,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD MEDICINE PI NEW YORK PA 1216 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10029 SN 0028-7091 J9 B NEW YORK ACAD MED JI Bull. N. Y. Acad. med. PD SUM PY 1995 VL 72 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA UH700 UT WOS:A1995UH70000005 PM 7581313 ER PT J AU ROTHMAN, N STEWART, WF PAUL, A AF ROTHMAN, N STEWART, WF PAUL, A TI INCORPORATING BIOMARKERS INTO CANCER-EPIDEMIOLOGY - A MATRIX OF BIOMARKER AND STUDY DESIGN CATEGORIES SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS; AFLATOXIN BIOMARKERS; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; LUNG-CANCER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; BREAST-CANCER; P53 MUTATIONS; ISSUES; VALIDATION AB During the last decade, there has been increasing interest in the use of biomarkers in cancer epidemiology to enhance exposure assessment, to gain insight into disease mechanism, and to understand acquired or inherited susceptibility. To facilitate the use of biomarkers in health research, biomarkers have been divided into categories that depict the spectrum of cancer pathogenesis from exposure to disease. In this paper, we consider the epidemiological designs most suitable for the study of each type of marker. In particular, we present a two-dimensional matrix relating the biomarker categories on one axis to four different types of activities (laboratory, transitional, and etiological studies and public health applications) that develop markers and apply them in human populations. We then use the matrix to review the potential application of biomarkers in observational studies of cancer etiology, discussing the advantages, disadvantages, and logistical considerations in using biomarkers to answer research questions. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NIOSH,SCREENING & NOTIFIC SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP ROTHMAN, N (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,OCCUPAT STUDIES SECT,EPN 418,6130 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7364,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 70 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 301 EP 311 PG 11 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RC372 UT WOS:A1995RC37200001 PM 7655323 ER PT J AU OBROIN, SD KELLEHER, BP GUNTER, E AF OBROIN, SD KELLEHER, BP GUNTER, E TI EVALUATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PRECISION IN THE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES TAKEN FROM BLOOD SPOTS ON FILTER-PAPER SO CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DRIED BLOOD SPOT; HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT ID PHENYLALANINE AB Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have potential as a collection method in screening for haematinic deficiencies. Factors influencing the vo:lumetric precision of uniform 'centre' punches (6.35 mm diameter) removed from dried blood spots have been evaluated, The volume of blood in each DBS punch (n=234) was greatly influenced by both sample haematocrit (r=0.63) and haemoglobin concentration (r=0.63). The volume in identical punches (n=57) also differed significantly when measured independently using either I-125 human serum albumin or haemaglobin relative to the original blood sample. DBS punch volumes should be predetermined for individual batches of filter paper using the specific analyte of interest. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP OBROIN, SD (reprint author), ST JAMES HOSP,DEPT HAEMATOL,DUBLIN 8,IRELAND. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0141-9854 J9 CLIN LAB HAEMATOL JI Clin. Lab. Haematol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 2 BP 185 EP 188 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA RT175 UT WOS:A1995RT17500014 PM 8536424 ER PT J AU KIMBERLY, MM WAYMACK, PP SMITH, SJ AF KIMBERLY, MM WAYMACK, PP SMITH, SJ TI EVALUATION OF FROZEN VS FRESH SERUM SAMPLES USING THE DESIGNATED COMPARISON METHOD FOR HDL CHOLESTEROL IN THE CHOLESTEROL REFERENCE METHOD LABORATORY NETWORK SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400455 ER PT J AU MACNEIL, ML MUELLER, PW STEINBERG, KK SMITH, SJ AF MACNEIL, ML MUELLER, PW STEINBERG, KK SMITH, SJ TI RELIABILITY OF IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMAL URINE ALBUMIN RESULTS FROM VARIOUS LABORATORIES USING DIFFERENT QUANTITATIVE METHODS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S83 EP S84 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400224 ER PT J AU STEINDEL, SJ HOWANITZ, PJ AF STEINDEL, SJ HOWANITZ, PJ TI COMPARISON OF 1990 AND 1993 EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TURNAROUND TIMES - A COLLEGE-OF-AMERICAN-PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES STUDY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF, DIV LAB SYST, CHAMBLEE, GA 30341 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S211 EP S211 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400780 ER PT J AU WAYMACK, PP ETHRIDGE, SF MYERS, GL AF WAYMACK, PP ETHRIDGE, SF MYERS, GL TI COMPARISON OF A MAGNETICALLY SEPARATED HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL REAGENT TO THE HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL REFERENCE METHOD SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 41 IS 6 SU S BP S140 EP S140 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA RD904 UT WOS:A1995RD90400472 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS, WITH EMPHASIS ON CANDIDA SPECIES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MANNAN ANTIGENEMIA; UNITED-STATES; ALBICANS; DISSEMINATION; COLONIZATION; TROPICALIS; CANCER AB Currently, about 180 hospitals participate in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system, From January 1980 through April 1990, 27,200 fungal isolates causing nosocomial infections were reported from these hospitals; Candida species accounted for 19,621 (72.1%) of these isolates, Immunocompromised patients are at particularly high risk for candidemia, In patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with vancomycin and/or imipenem appears to be an independent risk factor for candidemia; colonization of stool by Candida species may be another important predisposing factor in these patients. Rapid detection of invasive candidemia in these high-risk patients is particularly important to the improvement of rates of survival, Methods for rapid detection, such as the measurement of mannan (the major cell-wall polysaccharide of Candida), may be useful for diagnosing invasive candidiasis and for monitoring the response of this infection to antifungal therapy. Further studies of risk factors and the development of new methods for rapid diagnosis and monitoring should help decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial fungal infections. RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 401 Z9 430 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1526 EP 1530 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RD668 UT WOS:A1995RD66800011 PM 7548503 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, KO THRELKELD, MG TENOVER, FC LEGGIADRO, RJ AF CLEVELAND, KO THRELKELD, MG TENOVER, FC LEGGIADRO, RJ TI DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN AN AMERICAN ADULT SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MED,MEMPHIS,TN 38104. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PEDIAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1572 EP 1573 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RD668 UT WOS:A1995RD66800030 PM 7548521 ER PT J AU AJELLO, GW MATAR, GM SWAMINATHAN, B BIBB, WF HELSEL, LO PERKINS, BA AF AJELLO, GW MATAR, GM SWAMINATHAN, B BIBB, WF HELSEL, LO PERKINS, BA TI A RAPID DOT IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETECTING THE BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER CLONE OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS WITH A FLOW-THROUGH DEVICE SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAINS AB Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a highly fatal pediatric disease that may follow an episode of purulent conjunctivitis caused by a virulent clone of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae). Oral rifampin prophylaxis, by eliminating carriage of the BPF clone in children with conjunctivitis, may prevent onset of the systemic disease. A test to detect the BPF clone directly from eye swabs could identify those in need of prophylaxis. This is a preliminary report of a rapid dot immunoassay performed on a ''flow-through'' cartridge that was developed for use under field conditions. The test is based upon recognition of a unique epitope of the 25-kDa pilin protein on the surface of BPF clone cells by a monoclonal antibody. With 36 laboratory-maintained cultures of Hae (15 clone isolates and 21 others), sensitivity of the assay was 67% and specificity was 95%. When fimbrial-enriched (25-kDa+) phenotypes of five false-negative clone strains were prepared for use as test antigens, sensitivity rose to 100%. Evaluation of the immunoassay under field conditions is necessary to prove its efficacy. RP AJELLO, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 30 IS 6 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1007/BF00369861 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QW752 UT WOS:A1995QW75200004 PM 7773101 ER PT J AU FUNNELL, MM HERMAN, WH AF FUNNELL, MM HERMAN, WH TI DIABETES CARE POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN MICHIGAN NURSING-HOMES, 1991 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Note ID CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MANAGEMENT; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - To describe local standards of care for nursing home patients with diabetes, to characterize the care that nursing home patients with diabetes receive in Michigan, and to determine if the care provided meets local and national standards. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In March 1991, a questionnaire was administered and chart reviews were conducted as part of the Medical Review and Nursing Evaluation conducted by the Michigan Department of Public Health. The questionnaire was completed by the head nurses at 17 skilled nursing homes to learn about local institutional standards of care. Chart reviews were conducted on a sample of five patients with diabetes from each nursing home to describe the care provided and to compare it with local and national standards. RESULTS - Almost all nursing homes had some diabetes care orders or protocols. Standing orders were most often present to guide nutritional and nursing care (e.g., diet, blood glucose monitoring, foot care). Standing orders were less often present to guide medical care (e.g., blood glucose parameters to contact physician) and surveillance of complications (e.g., eye exams). In general, the care provided did not meet local or national standards for diabetes care. Care practices were closer to national standards when registered dietitians (RDs) participated in meal planning and written institutional policies existed. CONCLUSIONS - In this sample of Michigan nursing homes, those with RDs and standing orders provided care more in keeping with guidelines. There is room for improvement in diabetes care practices in nursing homes. It may be time for diabetes-related organizations to re-examine standards for diabetes care in nursing homes. C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5P60 DK-20572] NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 6 BP 862 EP 866 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.6.862 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RB510 UT WOS:A1995RB51000018 PM 7555515 ER PT J AU COHN, PD KLOTZ, JB BOVE, F FAGLIANO, J AF COHN, PD KLOTZ, JB BOVE, F FAGLIANO, J TI DRINKING-WATER AND LEUKEMIA - RESPONSE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID COHORT C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. RP COHN, PD (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 103 IS 6 BP 540 EP 541 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RW441 UT WOS:A1995RW44100005 ER PT J AU WARD, EM FAJEN, JM RUDER, AM RINSKY, RA HALPERIN, WE FESSLERFLESCH, CA AF WARD, EM FAJEN, JM RUDER, AM RINSKY, RA HALPERIN, WE FESSLERFLESCH, CA TI MORTALITY STUDY OF WORKERS IN 1,3-BUTADIENE PRODUCTION UNITS IDENTIFIED FROM A CHEMICAL WORKERS COHORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; CARCINOGENICITY; INDUSTRY; FACILITY; CANCER AB The international Agency for Research on Cancer has given the designations of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in experimental animals and limited evidence of carcinogenic effect in humans. To investigate the carcinogenic effect in humans, we conducted a cohort mortality study amount 364 men who were assigned to any of three 1,3-butadiene production units located within several chemical plants in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia, including 277 men employed in a U.S. Rubber Reserve Plant which operated during World War II. The butadiene production units included in this study were selected from an index developed by the Union Carbide Corporation, which listed for each chemical production unit within their South Charleston, West Virginia and Institute, West Virginia, plants all products, by-products, and reactants. Departments included in the study were those where butadiene was a primary product and neither benzene nor ethylene oxide was present. A total of 185 deaths were observed; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 91, reflecting lower mortality among the study population than the U.S. population. The study found a significantly elevated standarized mortality ratio (SMR) for lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma based on four observed cases (SMR - 577; 95% CI = 157 - 1480), which persisted in an analysis using county referent rates. An excess of lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma among all workers and among workers with routine exposure to 1,3-butadiene was also observed in the only other cohort of 1,3-butadiene production workers previously studied. A statistically nonsignificant excess of stomach cancer was observed in the overall cohort (n = 5; SMR = 243; 95% CI = 79 - 568) that was most pronounced among workers or most pronounced among workers employed in the rubber reserve plant for 2 or more years (n = 5; SMR = 657; CI = 213 - 1530). We conclude that the results of this study add to the weight of evidence suggesting that butadiene is carcinogenic in humans. RP WARD, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 103 IS 6 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.2307/3432437 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RW441 UT WOS:A1995RW44100022 PM 7556014 ER PT J AU HENNESSY, M MACQUEEN, KM SEALS, B AF HENNESSY, M MACQUEEN, KM SEALS, B TI USING FACTORIAL SURVEYS FOR DESIGNING INTERVENTION PROGRAMS SO EVALUATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; REGRESSION; JUDGMENTS; PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; ISSUES; IMPACT; TIME; AIDS AB This article reviews factorial surveys and highlights their utility in designing intervention programs. It then describes two instances in which factorial surveys were used to develop HIV/AIDS-related interventions: designing HIV vaccine trials that maximize participation and identifying optimal treatment regimes for HIV positive mothers and their babies to prevent perinatal HIV infection. We conclude that factorial survey applications of this kind have a great potential for use in the design (and redesign where necessary) of intervention programs. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0193-841X J9 EVALUATION REV JI Eval. Rev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 294 EP 312 DI 10.1177/0193841X9501900304 PG 19 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RA761 UT WOS:A1995RA76100004 ER PT J AU KELLAR, KL HOOPER, WC BENSON, JM AF KELLAR, KL HOOPER, WC BENSON, JM TI MEG-O1S CELLS HAVE RECEPTORS FOR AND RESPOND TO IL-3, IL-6, AND SCF SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEG-O1S; IL-3; IL-6; SCF; C-KIT ID POSITIVE PHILADELPHIA-CHROMOSOME; PROTEIN-KINASE INHIBITORS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; STEM-CELL; PROGENITOR CELLS; BONE-MARROW; MEGAKARYOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; IN-VITRO; LINE; DIFFERENTIATION AB An established megakaryoblastic cell line, MEG-Ols, was used to study receptor expression and receptor-mediated responses to factors known to affect megakaryocytopoiesis. In addition, the antigenic characteristics of this cell line were further defined. MEG-01s cells were CD34(+)CD33(+)CD38+/-HLA-DR(-) and expressed erythroid and granulocytic differentiation antigens as well as many megakaryocytic lineage-restricted antigens. These cells also expressed receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and stem cell factor (SCF), as measured by flow cytometry and/or RNA expression. MEG-01s cell proliferation or survival was only marginally influenced by these factors and their combinations. c-kit, the receptor for SCF, was downmodulated by its ligand. This modulation was time-dependent, appeared to involve receptor conformational changes, and became concentration-dependent by day 3. Northern blot analysis indicated that amounts of c-kit RNA increased as downmodulation proceeded. IL-3 induced IL-6 secretion in these cells, which was augmented by a protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitor, H7, and reduced by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Evidence for autocrine regulation of this cell line by IL-6 was demonstrated by the inhibitory effects of an antisense oligonucleotide on H-3-thymidine (H-3-TdR) incorporation. These cells should prove useful for studies of the early signal transduction mechanisms involved in cytokine function. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KELLAR, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,MS D-34,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL COLTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 23 IS 6 BP 557 EP 564 PG 8 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RA385 UT WOS:A1995RA38500012 PM 7539384 ER PT J AU BROTMAN, M GIANNELLA, RA ALM, PF BAUMAN, H BENNETT, AR BLACK, RE BRUHN, CM COHEN, MB GORBACH, SL KAPER, JB ROBERTS, MR STANECK, JL TAYLOR, S TROUTT, HF BELL, BP BUCHANAN, RL DURHAM, K FENG, P FORMAN, CT GALLER, RG GRAVANI, RB HALL, RB HANCOCK, DD HOLLINGSWORTH, J KARMALI, MA KEUSCH, GT MARSDEN, JL OSTERHOLM, MT REAGAN, JO ROBERTS, T SIEGLER, RL SWERDLOW, DL TARR, PI COWMAN, GL GOODFELLOW, SJ GRIFFIN, PM HALL, M HAMILTON, F HARRINGTON, RE KARR, KJ LANG, DR MADDEN, JM NORCROSS, MA SAVAGE, K SHANK, F TAYLOR, DN AF BROTMAN, M GIANNELLA, RA ALM, PF BAUMAN, H BENNETT, AR BLACK, RE BRUHN, CM COHEN, MB GORBACH, SL KAPER, JB ROBERTS, MR STANECK, JL TAYLOR, S TROUTT, HF BELL, BP BUCHANAN, RL DURHAM, K FENG, P FORMAN, CT GALLER, RG GRAVANI, RB HALL, RB HANCOCK, DD HOLLINGSWORTH, J KARMALI, MA KEUSCH, GT MARSDEN, JL OSTERHOLM, MT REAGAN, JO ROBERTS, T SIEGLER, RL SWERDLOW, DL TARR, PI COWMAN, GL GOODFELLOW, SJ GRIFFIN, PM HALL, M HAMILTON, F HARRINGTON, RE KARR, KJ LANG, DR MADDEN, JM NORCROSS, MA SAVAGE, K SHANK, F TAYLOR, DN TI CONSENSUS CONFERENCE STATEMENT - ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTIONS - AN EMERGING NATIONAL-HEALTH CRISIS, JULY 11-13, 1994 SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; 0157-H7; TOXIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; DIARRHEA; CULTURES AB This statement was prepared by a nonadvocate panel of experts based an (1) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the consensus questions during a 2-day public session, (2) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session, and (3) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second dat and the morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the American Gastroenterological Association, the American Gastroenterological Association Foundation (now known as the American Digestive Health Foundation) or the cosponsors listed at the end at this statement. C1 CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. ALM CONSULTING SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX. FOX BENNETT & TURNER,WASHINGTON,DC. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR CONSUMER RES,DAVIS,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP,MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. UNIV CINCINNATI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEATTLE,WA. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF CONSTITUENT OPERAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. FOREMAN & HEIDEPRIEM INC,WASHINGTON,DC. LOIS JOY GALLER FDN HEMOLYT UREM SYNDROME INC,VALLEY STREAM,NY. CORNELL UNIV,INST FOOD SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,DIV FOOD SAFETY EXTENS,ITHACA,NY 14853. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. DEPT VET CLIN SCI,FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT,PULLMAN,WA. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED & INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02111. AMI FDN,AMER MEAT INST,ARLINGTON,VA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS & EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. NATL LIVE STEOCK & MEAT BOARD,DEPT RES MEAT SCI,DIV PROD TECHNOL,CHICAGO,IL. USDA,DIV ECON RES SERV,FOOD SAFETY & REGULAT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEPHROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WASHINGTON,CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GASTROENTEROL,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NATL CATTLEMENS ASSOC,ENGLEWOOD,CO. ABC RES CORP,DEPT MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. AMER GASTROENTEROL ASSOC FDN,BETHESDA,MD. NIDDKD,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL RESTAURANT ASSOC,TECH SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. FOOD MKT INST,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 55 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 1995 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1934 PG 12 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RA378 UT WOS:A1995RA37800040 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LA FOGLER, J DEDRICK, RF AF ANDERSON, LA FOGLER, J DEDRICK, RF TI RECRUITING FROM THE COMMUNITY - LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE DIABETES CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS PROJECT SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE HEALTH RESEARCH RECRUITMENT; CHRONIC CONDITIONS; ENROLLMENT ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PARTICIPATION; PREVALENCE AB Recruitment methods for enrolling community-based older adults into a study of intensive diabetes management are presented. Analysis of a three-step enrollment procedure revealed that persons who declined at the first step were slightly older and lived farther away from the study site than persons who continued in the enrollment process. Persons who declined cited distance from clinic, some aspect of the study protocol, or health/personal problems as major barriers to involvement. Recruitment strategies were compared, revealing that press releases and newspaper advertisements were the most effective strategies for recruiting eligible participants. Methods such as those described here should help to facilitate future recruitment efforts with community-based older adults. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,TUMOR GERIATR OUTPATIENT CLIN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT EDUC MEASUREMENT & RES,TAMPA,FL. RP ANDERSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,POLICY & METHODS DEV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2P6DDK20752] NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD JUN PY 1995 VL 35 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 PG 7 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RY655 UT WOS:A1995RY65500013 PM 7622092 ER PT J AU QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS WORLEY, MJ WHITE, EH UTT, EA ADES, EA AF QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS WORLEY, MJ WHITE, EH UTT, EA ADES, EA TI HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL TISSUE-CULTURE CELL MODEL FOR STUDYING PATHOGENESIS OF BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY; INVASION; STRAINS; BACTEREMIA; ADHERENCE; AUSTRALIA; ISOLATE AB Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a fulminant pediatric disease characterized by fever, with rapid progression to purpura, hypotensive shock, and death. All known BPF eases have been caused by three clones of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius and have occurred in either Brazil or Australia. Using an immortalized line of human vascular endothelial cells, we developed an in vitro assay that identifies all known BPF-causing H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains (R. S. Weyant, F. D. Quinn, E. A. Utt, M. Worley, V. G. George, F. J. Candal, and E. W. Ades, J. Infect Dis. 169:430-433, 1994). With multiplicities of infection (MOIs) as low as one bacterium per 1,000 tissue culture cells, BPF-associated strains produce a unique cytotoxic effect in which the tissue culture cells detach and aggregate in large floating masses after 48 h of incubation. In this study, using a BPF-associated strain and a non-BPF-associated control, we demonstrated that strains which produce the cytotoxic phenotype were able to replicate intracellularly whereas non-BPF-associated strains, with MOIs of greater than or equal to 1,000 did not replicate and did not produce the phenotype. We also showed that this phenotype is not caused by the activity of an endotoxin or the release of some other compound from the bacterial cell, since neither gamma irradiation-killed whole BPF clone bacteria nor bacterial cell fractions at MOIs of >1,000 produced the cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, bacteria in numbers equal to MOIs of >1,000 treated with chloramphenicol did not produce the cytotoxic phenotype, suggesting a requirement for bacterial protein synthesis. In addition, viable bacteria separated from the tissue culture monolayer by a 0.2-mu m-pore-size membrane also failed to produce the phenotype. The ability of the bacterium to invade, replicate, and produce the phenotype appears to be primarily parasite directed since phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitors, including cycloheximide, cytochalasin D, and methylamine, had no effect on the ability of the bacterium to invade and cause a cytotoxic response. Understanding the basic mechanisms involved in this tissue-destructive process should enhance our knowledge of the general pathogenesis of BPF. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP QUINN, FD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 63 IS 6 BP 2317 EP 2322 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RA191 UT WOS:A1995RA19100033 PM 7768615 ER PT J AU GAYNES, R AF GAYNES, R TI ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE IN ICUS - A MULTIFACETED PROBLEM REQUIRING A MULTIFACETED SOLUTION SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVEILLANCE; TRENDS RP GAYNES, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E55,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 16 IS 6 BP 328 EP 330 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA RD883 UT WOS:A1995RD88300005 PM 7657983 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ AF TOOLE, MJ TI MASS POPULATION DISPLACEMENT - A GLOBAL PUBLIC-HEALTH CHALLENGE SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CIVIL-WAR; SOMALIA AB Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a dramatic increase in civil conflicts resulting in approximately 50 million refugees and internally displaced civilians. The public health impact of these situations has been immense, comprising high rates of communicable diseases, elevated prevalence of acute malnutrition, and high excess mortality rates. The prevention of these adverse public health effects includes early warning and intervention; prompt supply of adequate food, water, and sanitation; measles immunization; effective management of epidemic communicable diseases; and simple and timely information systems. RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP F03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 353 EP 366 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RG039 UT WOS:A1995RG03900013 PM 7673672 ER PT J AU BENNETT, J AZHAR, N RAHIM, F KAMIL, S TRAVERSO, H KILLGORE, G BORING, J AF BENNETT, J AZHAR, N RAHIM, F KAMIL, S TRAVERSO, H KILLGORE, G BORING, J TI FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON GHEE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NEONATAL TETANUS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background. Previous case-control studies of neonatal tetanus (NNT) in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan indicated that clarified butter (ghee) applied to the umbilical wound of newborns was a significant risk factor for NNT. However, the mechanisms underlying the risk remained undisclosed. Methods. A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to evaluate further ghee and other factors possibly associated with risk of NNT. Mothers of several recent ghee-associated cases were visited in their homes, asked to simulate the procedures used in preparing the ghee, and samples of ghee were collected for culture. Results. Topical application of ghee to the umbilical wound was again shown to pose a significant risk for NNT. in-use contamination of ghee was documented as mothers repeatedly heated and manipulated samples of ghee set aside in special containers for this purpose. Ghee was usually applied to the umbilical wound of the baby several times each day for the first few days of life. Mothers of cases were again confirmed to be substantially more likely to report prior NNT cases than mothers of controls. Conclusions. Educational interventions to reduce umbilical ghee use or to wash hands before each manipulation might reduce the risk of NNT in babies exposed to ghee who are born to non-immunized mothers. Increased efforts to immunize women of childbearing age with tetanus toroid are also needed, with special priority for mothers known to have been associated with a previous NNT case. Topical antibiotics should be further evaluated for protective effects in nonimmunized mothers. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. FATIMA JINNAH MED COLL,LAHORE,PAKISTAN. MINIST HLTH,NW FRONTIER PROVINCE,PESHAWAR,PAKISTAN. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP BENNETT, J (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR,TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,1 COPENHILL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 24 IS 3 BP 643 EP 647 DI 10.1093/ije/24.3.643 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF212 UT WOS:A1995RF21200025 PM 7672909 ER PT J AU GRANT, KA AF GRANT, KA TI PSYCHOPHYSICAL AND EMG CORRELATES OF FORCE EXERTION IN MANUAL WORK - RESPONSE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Letter RP GRANT, KA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 15 IS 6 BP 472 EP 472 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA RE488 UT WOS:A1995RE48800007 ER PT J AU YAJKO, DM CHIN, DP GONZALEZ, PC NASSOS, PS HOPEWELL, PC REINGOLD, AL HORSBURGH, CR YAKRUS, MA OSTROFF, SM AF YAJKO, DM CHIN, DP GONZALEZ, PC NASSOS, PS HOPEWELL, PC REINGOLD, AL HORSBURGH, CR YAKRUS, MA OSTROFF, SM TI MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX IN WATER, FOOD, AND SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX; ENVIRONMENT; WATER; SOIL; FOOD ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTRACELLULARE; AIDS; SCROFULACEUM; ACID AB As part of an epidemiologic study of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in San Francisco, water, food and soil samples were collected from the home environment of 290 persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and cultured for mycobacteria. Isolates recovered from the environment were compared with isolates cultured from study patients. Although mycobacteria were recovered from numerous environmental samples, isolates reactive with MAC-specific DNA probes were recovered from only four of 528 (0.76%) water samples and one of 397 (0.25%) food samples. The species M. avium was recovered from one water (0.19%) and one food sample. In contrast, MAC was recovered from 55% and M. avium from 27% of soil samples taken from potted plants in patients' home, Speciation of 76 MAC isolates from study patients showed all isolates belonged to the species M. avium. With use of serotype and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis, some of the soil isolates were found to be similar to isolates recovered from study patients. The results of this study suggest that soil, rather than water, may be a significant reservoir of organisms causing MAC infection in San Francisco. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV PUBL HLTH BIOL & EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP YAJKO, DM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,CLIN LABS,ROOM 2M35,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94100, USA. NR 34 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 2 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QY963 UT WOS:A1995QY96300012 PM 7749796 ER PT J AU ALTEKRUSE, SF TIMBO, BB HEADRICK, ML KLONTZ, KC AF ALTEKRUSE, SF TIMBO, BB HEADRICK, ML KLONTZ, KC TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIET AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR - RESULTS FROM THE 1992 RHODE-ISLAND BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DIET; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; SEAFOOD; DRINKING; SMOKING; EXERCISE ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; ALCOHOL; CONSUMPTION; HABITS; PEOPLE AB The 1992 Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to assess self-reported health behaviors of consumers of finfish and raw shellfish. We hypothesized that consumers of finfish, foods considered to be healthy, were more likely than nonconsumers of finfish to partake in health-promoting behaviors. Similarly, we postulated that consumers of raw molluscan shellfish, foods linked to an elevated risk of acquiring various illnesses, were more likely than nonconsumers of raw-shellfish to partake in risk-taking behaviors. Finfish eaters were significantly more likely than abstainers to report recent exercise, efforts to lose weight, periodic monitoring of serum cholesterol, and not currently being smokers. Raw shellfish eaters were significantly more likely than abstainers to report recent acute and chronic alcohol consumption. The results suggest that inquiry into dietary patterns may be an avenue for exploring other health behaviors. RP ALTEKRUSE, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP A38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0160-7715 J9 J BEHAV MED JI J. Behav. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 18 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1007/BF01857870 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA RC966 UT WOS:A1995RC96600001 PM 7674289 ER PT J AU LYON, B DOLE, RM AF LYON, B DOLE, RM TI A DIAGNOSTIC COMPARISON OF THE 1980 AND 1988 US SUMMER HEAT WAVE-DROUGHTS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN DROUGHT; UNITED-STATES DROUGHT; STATIONARY WAVES; BLOCKING EPISODE; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT PLAINS; GCM; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION AB Observational analyses are performed to examine the roles of remote and local forcing in the evolutions of the extreme U.S. summer heat wave-drought cases of 1980 and 1988. At early stages, both events are associated with anomalous stationary wave patterns. Wave activity flux analyses suggest that in the 1980 case anomalous wave activity propagates southeastward from an apparent source region to the south of the Aleutians. The flux pattern is more complex in the 1988 case but suggests two possible source regions, one over the central North Pacific to the north of the Hawaiian Islands and a second located over the far western Pacific. The 1988 analyses show no anomalous wave propagation out of the eastern tropical Pacific, although this result does not necessarily preclude a role for tropical forcing in generating the anomalous wave train. In both cases the anomalous wave trains and associated wave activity fluxes become very weak by early July, indicating that remotely forced anomalous stationary waves are unlikely to account for the later stages of the heat wave-droughts. This leads us to examine whether these events were enhanced or prolonged by changes in the local surface energy budget associated with reductions in evapotranspiration (ET) over the drought regions, Water vapor budgets show a systematic decrease in monthly mean ET from June to August during both events. Comparisons with nondrought summers support the idea that by late summer ET rates in both events are anomalously low. Estimated reductions in surface latent heat fluxes relative to the control years are approximately 50 W m(-2) in 1980 and 20 W m(-2) in 1988, with implied increases in sensible heating of similar magnitudes. Overall, the results indicate the importance of both dynamical forcing from remote sources and anomalous local boundary conditions in accounting for the two extreme heat wave-drought events. The relative importance of these factors varies significantly during the evolution of the events, with remote forcing playing a predominant role at early stages and anomalous local boundary conditions assuming increasing importance at later stages. C1 NOAA, ERL, CDC, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT EARTH SCI, LOWELL, MA USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1658 EP 1675 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1658:ADCOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE737 UT WOS:A1995RE73700014 ER PT J AU HINO, S KATAMINE, S MIYAMOTO, T DOI, H TSUJI, Y YAMABE, T KAPLAN, JE RUDOLPH, DL LAI, RB AF HINO, S KATAMINE, S MIYAMOTO, T DOI, H TSUJI, Y YAMABE, T KAPLAN, JE RUDOLPH, DL LAI, RB TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBODIES TO THE EXTERNAL ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN AND VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I - MATERNAL ANTI-ENV ANTIBODIES CORRELATE WITH PROTECTION IN NON-BREAST-FED CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE HTLV-I; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY TITERS ID HTLV-I; CARRIER MOTHERS; HIGH-RISK; EPITOPES; MILK; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; INDUCTION; PROTEINS AB Vertical transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) depends primarily on breast-feeding; substitution of bottle-feeding has reduced the transmission rate from 20% in breast-fed children to 3% among bottle-fed. To determine the correlates of transmission for long breast-feeding (greater than or equal to 6 mo), short breast-feeding (< 6 mo), and bottle-feeding mothers, the antibody titers of transmitter (T) mothers and non-transmitter (nT) mothers were analyzed by using synthetic and recombinant epitopes representing the immunodominant epitopes of gag (Gag1a, r24), env (Env1/5, MTA1, RE3), and tax (Tax8/22-24) proteins, Seroreactivity to gag and fax epitopes was not significantly different except for anti-r24 antibody titer, which was significantly higher among T-mothers (geometric mean 134) when compared with nT-mothers (62) in the long-feeding group (P < 0.001), Profiles of antibody titers against env epitopes were different, Within the long-feeding group, Env1/5, MTA1, and RE3 titers were significantly higher among T-mothers (258, 1,476, and 738, respectively) when compared with nT-mothers (106, 279, and 320, respectively) (P < 0.01 for all three epitopes), In contrast, within the bottle-feeding group, antibody titers to Env1/5 (269) and RE3 (418) among nT-mothers were significantly higher than those among T-mothers (80 and 113, respectively) (P < 0.01), These data confirm that high-titered anti-HTLV-I antibodies in the long-feeding group correlate with milkborne transmission of HTLV-I and, more importantly, imply that maternal anti-env antibodies may reduce the risk of non-milkborne infection. C1 NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BACTERIOL,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN. TOTTORI UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT VIROL,YONAGO,TOTTORI 683,JAPAN. NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN. NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN. US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 6 BP 2920 EP 2925 DI 10.1172/JCI117999 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA RB212 UT WOS:A1995RB21200062 PM 7769134 ER PT J AU TEIXEIRA, LM FACKLAM, RR STEIGERWALT, AG PIGOTT, NE MERQUIOR, VLC BRENNER, DJ AF TEIXEIRA, LM FACKLAM, RR STEIGERWALT, AG PIGOTT, NE MERQUIOR, VLC BRENNER, DJ TI CORRELATION BETWEEN PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DNA RELATEDNESS WITHIN ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS ENTEROCOCCUS; UNITED-STATES; COMB-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; REV AB We noted that a number of enterococcal strains isolated from human clinical specimens resembled Enterococcus faecium but were able to produce acid from glycerol, raffinose, and(or sorbitol, while others failed to form acid from mannitol, An additional concern was that many of these strains with atypical phenotypic characteristics also appeared to acquire vancomycin resistance, In order to determine if such atypical strains were variants of E. faecium or new Enterococcus species, 35 E. faecium or E. faecium-like strains (grouped into 10 phenotypes on the basis of the results of the following tests: capacity to form acid from glycerol, mannitol, raffinose, or sorbitol and susceptibility to vancomycin) and four strains of Enterococcus faecalis were taken from our culture collection, analyzed for their whole-cell protein profiles by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and identified to the species level by DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, All E. faecium-like strains, including four mannitol-negative variants, conformed to at least two of three DNA-DNA relatedness criteria: they were 70% or more related to the type strain of E,faecium at optimal conditions, they had less than 5% divergence within the related sequences, and they had a relatedness of 60% or greater under stringent conditions, The protein profiles of atypical strains were similar to those of typical strains and were easily distinguishable from those of E. faecalis and other enterococcal species, The five E. faecalis strains were 12 to 16% related to the E. faecium type strain, These results indicate that the phenotypic description of E, faecium should include all of these variable characteristics. C1 UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RP TEIXEIRA, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH MSCO2,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Merquior, Vania/D-6399-2013 NR 15 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1520 EP 1523 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QZ723 UT WOS:A1995QZ72300017 PM 7650178 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC SWENSON, JM OHARA, CM STOCKER, SA AF TENOVER, FC SWENSON, JM OHARA, CM STOCKER, SA TI ABILITY OF COMMERCIAL AND REFERENCE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS TO DETECT VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN ENTEROCOCCI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We evaluated the abilities of 10 commercially available antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and four reference methods (agar dilution, broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and the agar screen plate) to classify enterococci correctly as vancomycin susceptible or resistant using 50 well-characterized strains of enterococci. There was a high level of agreement of category classification data obtained with broth-based systems (Sceptor, MicroMedia, Pasco, and Sensititre), agar dilution, and an antibiotic gradient method (E test) with data obtained by reference broth microdilution; no very major or major errors were seen, and minor errors were less than or equal to 6%. Increased minor error rates were observed with disk diffusion (12%), Alamar (16%), Uniscept (16%), and conventional (overnight) MicroScan panels (16%). The errors were primarily with Enterococcus casseliflavus strains and organisms containing the vanB vancomycin resistance gene, Very major error rates of 10.3 and 20.7% were observed with Vitek and MicroScan Rapid (MS/Rapid) systems, respectively; however, only the MS/Rapid system produced major errors (13.3%). On repeat testing of discrepant isolates, the very major error rate with the Vitek system dropped to 3.4%, while the very major error rate with the MS/Rapid system increased to 27.6%; major errors with the MS/Rapid system were not resolved. Many of the commercial systems had only 4 dilutions of vancomycin, which resulted in up to 84% of values being off scale (e.g., Uniscept), Of the methods tested, most conventional broth- and agar-based methods proved to be highly accurate when incubation was done for a full 24 h, although several of the tests had high minor error rates, Automated systems continued to demonstrate problems in detecting low-level resistance. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1527 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QZ723 UT WOS:A1995QZ72300018 PM 7650179 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RJ BROWN, BA BLACKLOCK, Z ULRICH, R JOST, K BROWN, JM MCNEIL, MM ONYI, G STEINGRUBE, VA GIBSON, J AF WALLACE, RJ BROWN, BA BLACKLOCK, Z ULRICH, R JOST, K BROWN, JM MCNEIL, MM ONYI, G STEINGRUBE, VA GIBSON, J TI NEW NOCARDIA TAXON AMONG ISOLATES OF NOCARDIA-BRASILIENSIS ASSOCIATED WITH INVASIVE DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLAVULANIC ACID; BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MYCOBACTERIA; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; ASTEROIDES AB Nocardia brasiliensis, the second most frequently isolated aerobic actinomycete in the clinical laboratory, is usually associated with localized cutaneous infections. However, 22% of 238 N. brasiliensis isolates from the United States and 12% of 66 isolates from Queensland, Australia, which had been collected over a 17-year period, were associated with extracutaneous and/or disseminated diseases, Of the 62 invasive isolates, 37 (60%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and/or were susceptible to clarithromycin and resistant to minocycline, compared with only 6 (3%) of 242 localized cutaneous isolates, The 43 isolates with this susceptibility pattern appeared to define a new taxon, They were similar to Nocardia asteroides complex isolates clinically in proportions from persons with pulmonary (70%), central nervous system (23%), and/or disseminated diseases (37%) in the setting of corticosteroids (74%) or AIDS (14%), This putative new taxon differed from N, brasiliensis in the hydrolysis of adenine (92 versus 4%), beta-lactamase patterns on isoelectric focusing, and the presence of two early mycolic acid-ester peaks by high-performance liquid chromatography, Restriction analysis of a 439-bp fragment of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene revealed that N, brasiliensis and the new taxon had different restriction patterns with 8 of the 11 enzymes tested, Screening of invasive isolates of N. brasiliensis for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin will identify most isolates of the new taxon, which likely represents a new Nocardia species. C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. QUEENSLAND STATE HLTH LABS,MYCOBACTERIOL LAB,BRISBANE,QLD,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP WALLACE, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,NOCARDIA MYCOBACTERIA RES LAB,POB 2003,TYLER,TX 75710, USA. NR 27 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1528 EP 1533 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QZ723 UT WOS:A1995QZ72300019 PM 7650180 ER PT J AU VANBELKUM, A KLUYTMANS, J VANLEEUWEN, W BAX, R QUINT, W PETERS, E FLUIT, A VANDENBROUCKEGRAULS, C VANDENBRULE, A KOELEMAN, H MELCHERS, W MEIS, J ELAICHOUNI, A VANEECHOUTTE, M MOONENS, F MAES, N STRUELENS, M TENOVER, F VERBRUGH, H AF VANBELKUM, A KLUYTMANS, J VANLEEUWEN, W BAX, R QUINT, W PETERS, E FLUIT, A VANDENBROUCKEGRAULS, C VANDENBRULE, A KOELEMAN, H MELCHERS, W MEIS, J ELAICHOUNI, A VANEECHOUTTE, M MOONENS, F MAES, N STRUELENS, M TENOVER, F VERBRUGH, H TI MULTICENTER EVALUATION OF ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR FOR TYPING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS AB Fifty-nine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and a single strain of Staphylococcus intermedius were typed by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). To study reproducibility and discriminatory abilities, AP-PCR was carried out in seven laboratories with a standardized amplification protocol, template DNA isolated Tn a single institution, and a common set of three primers with different resolving powers. The 60 strains could be divided into 16 to 30 different genetic types, depending on the laboratory. This difference in resolution was due to differences in technical procedures (as shown by the deliberate introduction of experimental variables) and/or the interpretation of the DNA fingerprints. However, this did not hamper the epidemiologically correct clustering of related strains. The average number of different genotypes identified exceeded those of the more traditional typing strategies (F. C. Tenover, R. Arbeit, G. Archer, J. Biddle, S. Byrne, R. Goering, G. Hancock, G. A. Hebert, B. Hill, R. Hollis, W. R. Jarvis, B. Kreiswirth, W. Eisner, J. Maslow, L. K. McDougal, J. M; Miller, M. Mulligan, and M. A. Pfaller, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:407-415, 1994). Comparison of AP-PCR with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated the existence of strains with constant PFGE types but variable AP-PCR types. The reverse (constant AP-PCR and variable PFGE patterns) was also observed. This indicates additional resolution for combined analyses. It is concluded that AP-PCR is well suited for genetic analysis and monitoring of nosocomial spreading of staphylococci. The interlaboratory reproducibility of DNA-banding patterns and the intralaboratory standardization need improvement. C1 SSDZ,CTR DIAGNOST,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,2600 GA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,EIJKMAN WINKLER INST MED & CLIN MICROBIOL,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. U GENE RES BV,3584 CJ UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV NIJMEGEN HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,6500 HB NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. STATE UNIV GHENT HOSP,DEPT BIOL CLIN,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM. HOP ERASME,UNITE EPIDEMIOL,B-1070 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VANBELKUM, A (reprint author), UNIV HOSP DIJKZIGT,DEPT BACTERIOL,DR MOLEWATERPLEIN 40,3015 GD ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Vaneechoutte, Mario/A-6189-2009; Meis, Jacques/A-9241-2010; Melchers, Willem/C-8819-2015 OI Meis, Jacques/0000-0003-3253-6080; Melchers, Willem/0000-0002-5446-2230 NR 31 TC 204 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1537 EP 1547 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QZ723 UT WOS:A1995QZ72300021 PM 7650182 ER PT J AU LIN, DM LEHMANN, PF HAMORY, BH PADHYE, AA DURRY, E PINNER, RW LASKER, BA AF LIN, DM LEHMANN, PF HAMORY, BH PADHYE, AA DURRY, E PINNER, RW LASKER, BA TI COMPARISON OF 3 TYPING METHODS FOR CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; CANDIDA; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MARKERS; SYSTEMS AB To evaluate procedures used for epidemiologic analysis of outbreaks of aspergillosis, we analyzed a collection of 35 Aspergillus fumigatus isolates using three typing methods: isoenzyme analysis (IEA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Twenty-one isolates were from a single hospital, with four isolates coming from different patients. Three clinical isolates came from a different hospital, and 11 clinical or environmental isolates were derived from a culture collection. With IEA, the patterns of alkaline phosphatase, esterase, and catalase discriminated nine types. In contrast, 22 types were obtained with five different RAPD primers, and 21 types could be detected with three of these (R108, R151, and UBC90). Restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA, digested with either XbaI, XhoI, or SalI, detected 3, 17, and 13 different REA types, respectively, and 22 types were identified by combining the data from the XhoI and SalI REAs. Twenty-eight types were obtainable with a combination of REA, IEA, and RAPD patterns. Overall, the results pointed to substantial genetic variation among the isolates. Though two isolates had markedly distinct genotypes, their morphologic features and exoantigens were consistent with their being A. fumigatus. The analysis will help in planning epidemiologic studies of aspergillosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT MICROBIOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,CTR HOSP ADM,HERSHEY,PA 17033. NR 32 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1596 EP 1601 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QZ723 UT WOS:A1995QZ72300033 PM 7650194 ER PT J AU KLIMOV, AI EGOROV, AY GUSHCHINA, MI MEDVEDEVA, TE GAMBLE, WC RUDENKO, LG ALEXANDROVA, GI COX, NJ AF KLIMOV, AI EGOROV, AY GUSHCHINA, MI MEDVEDEVA, TE GAMBLE, WC RUDENKO, LG ALEXANDROVA, GI COX, NJ TI GENETIC STABILITY OF COLD-ADAPTED A/LENINGRAD/134/47/57 (H2N2) INFLUENZA-VIRUS - SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF LIVE COLD-ADAPTED REASSORTANT VACCINE STRAINS BEFORE AND AFTER REPLICATION IN CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATED INFLUENZA; AVIAN-HUMAN; RECOMBINANTS AB We previously reported that the A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) cold-adapted virus (A/Len/47) used in preparing reassortant live attenuated vaccines for children acquired 14 (11 coding) mutations in genes coding for proteins other than haemagglutinin and neuraminidase during cold-adaptation. Preservation of these mutations in genomes of viruses isolated from children on the second, fifth, or eighth day after vaccination was examined by sequence analysis. The sequence data demonstrated that all nine coding mutations selected for examination were conserved in the genomes of all 11 strains investigated, indicating that the mutations accompanying cold-adaptation and attenuation of the A/Len/47 master vaccine are highly stable. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH G16,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,VIRAL PREPARAT RES INST,MOSCOW 109088,RUSSIA. RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,EXPTL MED RES INST,ST PETERSBURG 197022,RUSSIA. OI Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 76 BP 1521 EP 1525 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-6-1521 PN 6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RC685 UT WOS:A1995RC68500025 PM 7782782 ER PT J AU UDHAYAKUMAR, V ANYONA, D KARIUKI, S SHI, YP BLOLAND, PB BRANCH, OH WEISS, W NAHLEN, BL KASLOW, DC LAL, AA AF UDHAYAKUMAR, V ANYONA, D KARIUKI, S SHI, YP BLOLAND, PB BRANCH, OH WEISS, W NAHLEN, BL KASLOW, DC LAL, AA TI IDENTIFICATION OF T-CELL AND B-CELL EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY HUMANS IN THE C-TERMINAL 42-KDA DOMAIN OF THE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN (MSP)-1 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHIBIT PARASITE GROWTH; AOTUS MONKEYS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; ANTIGEN GENE; BLOOD STAGES; MALARIA; ANTIBODIES; RECOMBINANT; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY AB The 42-kDa, C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a putative malaria vaccine candidate Ag. Nine synthetic peptides corresponding to predicted T cell sites of MSP-1 in blocks 15 and 16 and eight overlapping peptides representing the conserved block 17 were used to identify naturally immunogenic epitopes. These peptides were tested for their ability to induce proliferation of PBMC from residents in western Kenya, where malaria transmission is holoendemic. Six peptides (PL145, PL146, PL147, PL148, PL149, and PL150) from blocks 15 and 16 induced a positive proliferative response in >30% of the individuals tested, and three peptides (PL151, PL152, and PL153) induced a proliferative response in <25% of the donors. Among these peptides, PL146 was from the highly conserved region, PL150 was from a polymorphic region, and all other peptides were from a dimorphic region of blocks 15 and 16. In block 17, only three peptides, PL99, PL100, and PL103, induced proliferation in 30 to 37% of the volunteers. The rest of the peptides induced a proliferative response in approximately 13 to 25% of the donors. The plasma from these donors widely reacted with different allelic forms of 19-kDa recombinant proteins representing block 17 and recognized at least two linear B epitopes, PL104 and PL97. In summary, this study revealed that a majority of immunodominant T and B epitopes are localized in the conserved or dimorphic regions that are nonpolymorphic in the 42-kDa protein of MSP-1. This study suggests that incorporation of T epitopes from the dimorphic blocks 15 and 16 in a vaccine construct may be useful to ensure Ag-specific memory responses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,KISSIAN,KENYA. NIAID,MALARIA RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP UDHAYAKUMAR, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-12,4770 BUFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 28 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 154 IS 11 BP 6022 EP 6030 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA RB197 UT WOS:A1995RB19700045 PM 7538540 ER PT J AU MULDERS, MN LIPSKAYA, GY VANDERAVOORT, HGAM KOOPMANS, MPG KEW, OM VANLOON, AM AF MULDERS, MN LIPSKAYA, GY VANDERAVOORT, HGAM KOOPMANS, MPG KEW, OM VANLOON, AM TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF WILD POLIOVIRUS TYPE-1 IN EUROPE, THE MIDDLE-EAST, AND THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AQUATICUS DNA-POLYMERASE; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; DIFFERENTIATION; FIDELITY; IDENTIFICATION; PICORNAVIRUSES AB The genomic relationships of wild poliovirus type 1 strains recently isolated in Europe, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent was analyzed by automated amplicon sequencing of the VP1/2A junction region of the genome. four major genotypes of poliovirus type I were found to circulate. Two genotypes were found predominantly in Eastern Europe, one of these in the Caucasian Region and the other in countries bordering the Black Sea. A third genotype circulated mainly in Egypt. The fourth and largest genotype circulated in the largest geographic area. Strains belonging to this genotype could be found in countries as far apart as Malaysia and Ukraine. Considerable genetic variation was observed among strains isolated in Egypt, Pakistan, and India, where poliovirus is endemic. Strains belonging to all four genotypes circulated in Pakistan. Data confirm the extent of poliovirus circulation in certain regions, stressing the need for intensification of vaccination in these regions. C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,AN BELOZERSKY LAB MOLEC BIOL & BIOORGAN CHEM,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP MULDERS, MN (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES POLIOMYELITIS,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 46 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 6 BP 1399 EP 1405 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RB298 UT WOS:A1995RB29800002 PM 7769273 ER PT J AU REICHLER, MR RAKOVSKY, J SOBOTOVA, A SLACIKOVA, M HLAVACOVA, B HILL, B KRAJCIKOVA, L TARINA, P FACKLAM, RR BREIMAN, RF AF REICHLER, MR RAKOVSKY, J SOBOTOVA, A SLACIKOVA, M HLAVACOVA, B HILL, B KRAJCIKOVA, L TARINA, P FACKLAM, RR BREIMAN, RF TI MULTIPLE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF PNEUMOCOCCI IN CHILDREN WITH OTITIS-MEDIA, BACTEREMIA, AND MENINGITIS IN SLOVAKIA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN; ANTIBIOTICS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; THERAPY; HUNGARY; DISEASE; ADULTS AB Penicillin-resistant pneumococci have been isolated from middle ear fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and nasopharyngeal secretions of several hundred children in Slovakia since 1985; 116 of these isolates were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To define the prevalence of drug-resistant pneumococci and identify risk factors for infection, laboratory and medical records were reviewed. Nearly all (96%) of the resistant strains tested were serotype 14. Of these, all were resistant to penicillin (MIC, 4-16 mu g/mL); most were resistant to cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol; and many had decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone. Frequent antibiotic use, prior hospitalization, and length of hospital stay (P < .001 for all 3) were associated with infection with resistant strains. These findings suggest the need for routine screening of pneumococcal isolates for penicillin resistance and highlight the importance of controlling globally the spread of resistant pneumococci. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL INST HYG & EPIDEMIOL,BRATISLAVA,SLOVAKIA. NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 6 BP 1491 EP 1496 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RB298 UT WOS:A1995RB29800014 PM 7769283 ER PT J AU DOWELL, SF GROVES, C KIRKLAND, KB CICIRELLO, HG ANDO, T JIN, Q GENTSCH, JR MONROE, SS HUMPHREY, CD SLEMP, C DWYER, DM MERIWETHER, RA GLASS, RI AF DOWELL, SF GROVES, C KIRKLAND, KB CICIRELLO, HG ANDO, T JIN, Q GENTSCH, JR MONROE, SS HUMPHREY, CD SLEMP, C DWYER, DM MERIWETHER, RA GLASS, RI TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF OYSTER-ASSOCIATED GASTROENTERITIS - IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERSTATE TRACING OF CONTAMINATED SHELLFISH SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; AUSTRALIA; ANTIBODY AB In November 1993, clusters of gastroenteritis in six states following oyster consumption were investigated to identify common features, and stool samples were obtained to identify a pathogen, Efforts were made to account for all potentially contaminated .oysters using harvest tags and the interstate recall system. Consumption of oysters was associated with illness in 10 clusters; no other food was implicated. A Norwalk-like virus was detected by electron microscopy in 9 of 18 samples and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 20 of 26 samples from 6 clusters. Nucleotide sequences of a 123-bp fragment from all specimens were identical, consistent with a common source outbreak. Implicated oysters were harvested from the Louisiana coast between 9 and 12 November. Although some were recalled and destroyed, most oysters harvested from the area during this time remain unaccounted for. Current regulations and commercial practices need to be revised to permit thorough tracing and recall of contaminated oysters and to improve control of future epidemics. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611. DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 26 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 6 BP 1497 EP 1503 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RB298 UT WOS:A1995RB29800015 PM 7769284 ER PT J AU ROSENTHAL, S STREBEL, P CASSIDAY, P SANDEN, G BRUSUELAS, K WHARTON, M AF ROSENTHAL, S STREBEL, P CASSIDAY, P SANDEN, G BRUSUELAS, K WHARTON, M TI PERTUSSIS INFECTION AMONG ADULTS DURING THE 1993 OUTBREAK IN CHICAGO SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FACILITY; COMMUNITY; VACCINE AB To evaluate the role of adults in the transmission of pertussis during an epidemic, persons presenting with unexplained cough to ambulatory care clinics were evaluated for evidence of pertussis infection, Nasopharyngeal specimens for culture and serum samples for IgG and Ig;A antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin antigens of Bordetella pertussis were obtained, Thirty-eight adults were enrolled in the study; 10 (26%) had serologic evidence of B. pertussis infection, Clinical findings were not significantly different among persons with and without evidence of pertussis infection, Pertussis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent cough in all age groups, Future use of new acellular pertussis vaccines in adults may substantially impact the control of the infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. RP ROSENTHAL, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MS E61,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 6 BP 1650 EP 1652 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RB298 UT WOS:A1995RB29800043 PM 7769311 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, J ALBERT, MJ RAO, M QADRI, F HUDA, S KAY, B VANLOON, FPL SACK, D PRADHAN, BA SACK, RB AF CLEMENS, J ALBERT, MJ RAO, M QADRI, F HUDA, S KAY, B VANLOON, FPL SACK, D PRADHAN, BA SACK, RB TI IMPACT OF INFECTION BY HELICOBACTER-PYLORI ON THE RISK AND SEVERITY OF ENDEMIC CHOLERA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; FIELD TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; BANGLADESH; GASTRITIS; VACCINES AB To evaluate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the subsequent risk and severity of endemic Vit,rio cholerae O1 diarrhea among rural Bangladeshis, 285 children and adults with cholera (cases) and 881 contemporaneously selected community controls were studied. Cases and controls were contrasted for H, pylori infection, as manifested by serum IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies, Although the overall risk of cholera was not significantly increased among H. pylori-infected subjects, the risk of cholera of life-threatening severity was signifi::cantly elevated (relative risk [RR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-2.42), A significant increase in the risk of severe cholera was seen in subjects who lacked natural serum vibriocidal antibodies (RR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.28-6.48) but not in those with such antibodies. Thus, H. pylori infection was associated with a significant increase in the risk of life-threatening cholera, but only among persons lacking natural vibriocidal immunity. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP CLEMENS, J (reprint author), NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,6100 EXECUT BLVD,ROOM 7B03,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 15 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1656 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RB298 UT WOS:A1995RB29800044 PM 7769312 ER PT J AU STANDAERT, SM SCHAFFNER, W GALGIANI, JN PINNER, RW KAUFMAN, L DURRY, E HUTCHESON, RH AF STANDAERT, SM SCHAFFNER, W GALGIANI, JN PINNER, RW KAUFMAN, L DURRY, E HUTCHESON, RH TI COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AMONG VISITORS TO A COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS-ENDEMIC AREA - AN OUTBREAK IN A MILITARY RESERVE UNIT SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB An outbreak of coccidioidomycosis occurred in a US Marine reserve unit based in Tennessee after a 3-week training exercise in California that involved substantial exposure to soil and dust. Interviews and serologic testing were done on three occasions (6, 11, and 15 weeks) after the men returned from California, and spherulin skin tests were done at 6 months. Of 27 men, 8 (30%;,) had evidence of recent coccidioidal infection. Of these, 7 (88%) had an illness consistent with coccidioidomycosis that, despite medical evaluation, was diagnosed incorrectly in 5 men (71%). Diagnosis of coccidioidal pneumonia outside an area in which Coccidioides immitis is endemic is unlikely unless the health care provider is aware that the patient traveled recently, Detection of coccidioidomycosis could be facilitated if organizations that regularly send people to C. immitis-endemic regions were to inform these persons about the risks of infection. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,VACCINE SAFETY ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. VET ADM MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,TUCSON,AZ. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 171 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1675 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RB298 UT WOS:A1995RB29800049 PM 7769316 ER PT J AU BARZILAI, A SCHULMAN, S KARETNYI, YV FAVOROV, MO LEVIN, E MENDELSON, E WEISS, P FIELDS, HA VARON, D MARTINOWITZ, U AF BARZILAI, A SCHULMAN, S KARETNYI, YV FAVOROV, MO LEVIN, E MENDELSON, E WEISS, P FIELDS, HA VARON, D MARTINOWITZ, U TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION IN HEMOPHILIACS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEV; HEMOPHILIA; SEROLOGY; BLOOD PRODUCTS ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; CHILDREN; ASSAY AB Israel is endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. Transmission is via the feco-oral route but the possibility of transmission through blood transfusion has been raised. This question was addressed by examining sera from 188 hemophilic patients in Israel. screening was performed with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody against hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) and confirmed with a neutralization test. Sixteen patients (9%) were seropositive for anti-HEV. A statistically significant difference was not found between the seroprevalence in this group and that of a healthy Israeli control population, matched for sex and age. The anti-HEV-seropositive hemophiliacs had the same seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B and C virus and to HIV and the same number of cases with chronic hepatitis as among the anti-HEV-seronegative patients. The seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was, on the other hand, higher in the anti-HEV-seropositive group. This study indicates that HEV is not transmitted by cryoprecipitate or lyophilized factor concentrates. High prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis A supports our conclusion that HEV infection in Israeli hemophiliacs was due mainly to feco-oral transmission. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,NATL HEMOPHILIA CTR,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,CENT VIROL LAB,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,LIVER UNIT,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 46 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890460213 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA RA828 UT WOS:A1995RA82800012 PM 7636504 ER PT J AU COATES, RJ SERDULA, MK BYERS, T MOKDAD, A JEWELL, S LEONARD, SB RITENBAUGH, C NEWCOMB, P MARESPERLMAN, J CHAVEZ, N BLOCK, G AF COATES, RJ SERDULA, MK BYERS, T MOKDAD, A JEWELL, S LEONARD, SB RITENBAUGH, C NEWCOMB, P MARESPERLMAN, J CHAVEZ, N BLOCK, G TI A BRIEF, TELEPHONE-ADMINISTERED FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE CAN BE USEFUL FOR SURVEILLANCE OF DIETARY-FAT INTAKES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HUMANS; SURVEILLANCE; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FATS ID REPRODUCIBILITY; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; RECORDS; CONSUMPTION; DESIGN; WOMEN AB A 13-item questionnaire designed for quick telephone administration was evaluated for use in surveillance of fat intake in the United States. Study: populations included 560 middle-aged and older adults from Beaver Dam, WI, 252 middle-aged and older women from Wisconsin, 73 young, low income Hispanic women from Chicago, IL, 52 older adults from Arizona and 135 younger adults from Augusta, GA. Correlations between fat scores and fat intakes measured by multiple food records or recalls or by more extensive food frequency questionnaires ranged from 0.33 to 0.60, similar to results from other published questionnaire validation studies. Correlations with percentage of energy from fat were lower (0.26 to 0.42), except for the Chicago population, for which there was no correlation (-0.02). There was no systematic variation in correlations among other subgroups defined by demographic and health-related characteristics, including race (black vs. white). Most, but not all, of the substantial differences in fat intakes among subgroups were identified by the questionnaire. The questionnaire will not capture small differences in intakes among groups and is inappropriate when the sample size is limited or for populations with diets substantially different from the typical U.S. diets, such as the Chicago population. However, with attention to its limitations, the questionnaire is useful for surveillance. C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT MED,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,TUCSON,AZ 85724. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR CLIN SCI,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP COATES, RJ (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1483 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RC958 UT WOS:A1995RC95800009 PM 7782900 ER PT J AU TROUT, D GOMEZ, TM BERNARD, BP MUELLER, CA SMITH, CG HUNTER, L KIEFER, M AF TROUT, D GOMEZ, TM BERNARD, BP MUELLER, CA SMITH, CG HUNTER, L KIEFER, M TI OUTBREAK OF BRUCELLOSIS AT A UNITED-STATES PORK PACKING PLANT SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ABATTOIR-ASSOCIATED DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; MELITENSIS AB In 1992, the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources received 18 case reports of brucellosis from a county health department. All patients had potential exposure to the hill floor of one pork processing plant. A subsequent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health health hazard evaluation surveyed 154 (99%) of 156 kill floor workers of this plant and found that 30 (19%) had evidence of recent (or persistent) brucellosis. These data show that significant exposure to Brucella is occurring among packing plant workers in North Carolina and suggest that some of the approximately 38,000 production workers in pork processing plants in the United States are at risk of contracting swine brucellosis. Additional measures may need to be taken to prevent occupational exposure to Brucella. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP TROUT, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 6 BP 697 EP 703 DI 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE717 UT WOS:A1995RE71700011 PM 7670916 ER PT J AU FORD, ES RHODES, S MCDIARMID, M SCHWARTZ, SL BROWN, J AF FORD, ES RHODES, S MCDIARMID, M SCHWARTZ, SL BROWN, J TI DEATHS FROM ACUTE EXPOSURE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a commonly used halogenated hydrocarbon in industry, We report on deaths attributed to TCE exposure that occurred between 1975 and 1992. In addition, we present a case report from the most recent death, including tissue concentration modeling. The deaths shared a number of features. All occurred in young men who were usually working in confined spaces without adequate ventilation. These preventable deaths suggest that safety precautions are not being observed by workers and employers, Employers should ensure that their employees are adequately trained in the dangers of working with TCE, that adequate ventilation of the working environment is provided, that the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is available to their workers, and that workers should not work alone or unobserved when using TCE in confined spaces. C1 US DEPT LABOR,OFF OCCUPAT MED,OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20210. NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,RADIAT STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. BALTIMORE GAS & ELECT CO,BALTIMORE,MD. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,WASHINGTON,DC. OEM,RAMSEY CLIN,ST PAUL,MN. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 37 IS 6 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00019 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE717 UT WOS:A1995RE71700019 PM 7670923 ER PT J AU ARROWOOD, MJ HURD, MR MEAD, JR AF ARROWOOD, MJ HURD, MR MEAD, JR TI A NEW METHOD FOR EVALUATING EXPERIMENTAL CRYPTOSPORIDIAL PARASITE LOADS USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENT FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCOLL GRADIENTS; OOCYSTS; SPOROZOITES; INFECTIONS AB A flow cytometric method for the quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in stool specimens was developed to replace conventional microscopic immunofluorescent assays. Fecal pellets were collected from control (uninfected) severe combined immune-deficient mice, suspended in 2.5% potassium dichromate at a ratio of 400 mu l per pellet, and homogenized by vortexing. Purified oocysts were added to the samples (10(5), 10(4), 10(3), and 10(2)/ml). Aliquots (200 mu l) of the vortexed samples were centrifuged over microscale discontinuous sucrose gradients. The oocyst-containing fractions were collected, washed, and incubated with an oocyst-specific monoclonal antibody (labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate) for 30 min at 37 C. Sample volumes were adjusted to 600 mu l with phosphate-buffered saline and assayed by using logical gating of forward/side scatter and fluorescence signal on a flow cytometer. Seeded samples showed a linear correlation with the number of oocysts recovered from the gradients. Analyses of stool samples from chronically infected mice demonstrated that the flow cytometry method was approximately 10 times more sensitive than conventional immunofluorescent assays. RP ARROWOOD, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25144] NR 8 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 81 IS 3 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.2307/3283822 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RD340 UT WOS:A1995RD34000009 PM 7776125 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, JL LOCKWOOD, SA GOOCH, BF MENDELSON, MH CHAMBERLAND, ME VALAURI, DV ROISTACHER, SL SOLOMON, JM MARIANOS, DW AF CLEVELAND, JL LOCKWOOD, SA GOOCH, BF MENDELSON, MH CHAMBERLAND, ME VALAURI, DV ROISTACHER, SL SOLOMON, JM MARIANOS, DW TI PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES IN DENTISTRY - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OPERATING-ROOM PERSONNEL; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; BLOOD CONTACT; RISK; EXPOSURE AB The authors conducted an observational study of the frequency and circumstances of percutaneous injuries among dental residents. Their findings suggest that most percutaneous injuries sustained by these dental residents occurred extraorally and were associated with denture impression procedures. Some injuries may be preventable with changes in techniques or instrument design. RP CLEVELAND, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,MAILSTOP F-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 126 IS 6 BP 745 EP 751 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA RC144 UT WOS:A1995RC14400010 PM 7797730 ER PT J AU MURPHY, NJ SCHRAER, CD THIELE, MC BOYKO, EJ BULKOW, LR DOTY, BJ LANIER, AP AF MURPHY, NJ SCHRAER, CD THIELE, MC BOYKO, EJ BULKOW, LR DOTY, BJ LANIER, AP TI DIETARY CHANGE AND OBESITY ASSOCIATED WITH GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE IN ALASKA NATIVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CANADIAN INUIT; YUPIK ESKIMOS; PIMA-INDIANS; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; WEIGHT; WOMEN AB Objective To investigate frequency of food intake, body weight, and glucose intolerance in Alaska Natives. Design Height, weight, and random blood glucose levels were measured and a frequency-of-food-intake questionnaire was obtained. This questionnaire classified persons as consumers of indigenous foods or nonindigenous foods within three food groups. Those with a random blood glucose measurement greater than or equal to 6.72 mmol/L received an oral glucose tolerance test. Setting Community screening in 15 villages In Alaska. Subjects Nutrition screenings were done for 1,124 Alaska Native residents aged 20 years or older. An oral glucose tolerance test was done for 202 subjects. Outcomes measured Subjects were classified as consumers of indigenous or nonindigenous foods within three food groups. A diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was made on the basis of World Health Organization criteria. A determination of overweight was made on the basis of National Center for Health Statistics criteria. Statistical analysis A chi(2) test with Yates correction, t test, and linear regression, with two-sided P values. Results Athabascan Indians had twice the rate of NIDDM as Yup'ik Eskimos with significantly higher frequency of nonindigenous food intake, plus lower frequency of indigenous carbohydrate and fat intake. Subjects less than or equal to 30 years old consumed significantly more nonindigenous protein and fat and low-nutrient-density carbohydrates than those greater than or equal to 60 years old. Persons who had glucose intolerance reported significantly greater consumption of nonindigenous protein and less seal oil. Incidence of overweight was significantly higher than was found 25 years ago. Participants with glucose intolerance were significantly more overweight than others. Conclusion A pattern of increased frequency of nonindigenous protein, low-nutrient-density carbohydrate, and fat intake with less indigenous carbohydrate and fat consumption was found in subjects less than or equal to 30 years old and in association with the higher rate of NIDDM found in the Athabascan Indians. Persons with glucose intolerance were significantly more overweight than others. Applications Although the nutritional value of indigenous foods for reducing disease risk should be promoted, nutrition education, especially among young adults, should also include building skills to select and prepare nonindigenous foods to attain a healthful diet. Although snacking is a concern, dietary fat was the most significant factor in obesity and NIDDM. C1 YUKON KUSKOKWIM DELTA SERV UNIT,BETHEL,AK. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,AREA DIABET PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. YUKON KUSKOKWIM HLTH CORP,NUTR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM,BETHEL,AK. UNIV WASHINGTON,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ANCHORAGE,AK. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT FAMILY MED,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. NR 52 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 6 BP 676 EP 682 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00184-0 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA RB309 UT WOS:A1995RB30900013 PM 7759744 ER PT J AU SATTEN, GA AF SATTEN, GA TI UPPER AND LOWER-BOUND DISTRIBUTIONS THAT GIVE SIMULTANEOUS CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS FOR QUANTILES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BEST- AND WORST-CASE ANALYSES; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LIKELIHOOD REGION; LOCATION-SCALE FAMILY; MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; SCHEFFES METHOD; TOLERANCE INTERVAL; WINDOW PERIOD AB We propose a new method far constructing parametric confidence intervals for quantiles of an unknown distribution. These confidence intervals are constructed so that the joint probability that all intervals simultaneously contain their respective percentiles is at least a preset value. Thus we may also use the set of either upper or lower confidence limits to define an upper (or lower) bound distribution function, which we call an upper (or lower) tolerance distribution because this distribution may also be used to construct tolerance intervals for the unknown distribution. We derive tolerance distributions with exact coverage probability for lid samples from distributions in the location-scale family. Tolerance distributions can also be used for best- and worst-ease analyses, as we illustrate by considering bounds on the distribution of the time interval between the onset of infectiousness and development of detectable antibody in individuals newly infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). RP SATTEN, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 90 IS 430 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.2307/2291087 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA RA104 UT WOS:A1995RA10400041 ER PT J AU BOTROS, BAM SOLIMAN, AK SALIB, AW OLSON, J HIBBS, RG WILLIAMS, JC DARWISH, M ELTIGANI, A WATTS, DM AF BOTROS, BAM SOLIMAN, AK SALIB, AW OLSON, J HIBBS, RG WILLIAMS, JC DARWISH, M ELTIGANI, A WATTS, DM TI COXIELLA-BURNETII ANTIBODY PREVALENCES AMONG HUMAN-POPULATIONS IN NORTHEAST AFRICA DETERMINED BY ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE COXIELLA BURNETII; SEROPREVALENCES; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; NORTHEAST AFRICA ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; Q-FEVER; RESPONSES AB Retrospective serosurveys were conducted to determine the prevalence of antibody to phase-I Coxiella burnetii among humans in various locations of north-east Africa. Sera were tested by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Initially the EIA was compared with the standard indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method for the detection of antibody to C. burnetii. Results indicated that the EIA was slightly less sensitive (88%), but highly specific (94%) and less subjective than the IFA technique. EIA was subsequently adopted for estimating prevalences in the studied human populations. Data obtained by ELA indicated that the prevalence of C. burnetii antibody among adult Egyptian blood donors was 20% (n=358) in the Suez Canal area, 16% (n=501) in the Nile Valley and 10% (n=427) in the Nile Delta. Among adult patients with acute, undifferentiated fever in Egypt, the prevalence was 28% (n=50) of acute sera, with seroconversion in 12% of convalescent sera. Antibody to C. burnetii was detected by ELA in the sera of 25% (n=71) of cattle workers in Egypt, 10% (n=100) of housewives in Sudan, and 37% (n=104) of adults in north-west Somalia. Following a fever outbreak affecting all ages in northern Sudan, IgG antibody to C. burnetii was present in 54% of the febrile persons (n=185) and in 53% of afebrile persons (n=186). IgM antibody to C. burnetii was demonstrated in 29% of the febrile persons and 15% of the afebrile persons. These results implicate C. burnetii as a possibly important and under-reported cause of human disease and undiagnosed fevers in north-east Africa. C1 USN,DIV VIROL,MED RES UNIT 3,CAIRO,EGYPT. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL,INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS BRANCH,FREDERICK,MD 21701. AIN SHAMS UNIV,FAC MED,CAIRO,EGYPT. MINIST HLTH SUDAN,NATL HLTH LABS,KHARTOUM,SUDAN. USN,MED RES INST DETACHMENT,LIMA,PERU. RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013 OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-5304 J9 J TROP MED HYG JI J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 98 IS 3 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RD739 UT WOS:A1995RD73900007 PM 7783275 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, CJ AF MITCHELL, CJ TI GEOGRAPHIC SPREAD OF AEDES-ALBOPICTUS AND POTENTIAL FOR INVOLVEMENT IN ARBOVIRUS CYCLES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARBOVIRUSES; AEDES ALBOPICTUS; MEDITERRANEAN ID VECTOR COMPETENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; VIRUS; TEMPERATURE; AFRICA; TIRES AB During the past decade Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has extended its range to parts of North and South America, the Caribbean, Africa, southern Europe, and some Pacific Islands previously free of such infestations. This remarkably rapid spread of a mosquito species is unprecedented during this century and has heightened concern among public health and vector control officials because of the known and potential vector relationships of Ae. albopictus with several arboviruses. Photoperiod, temperature, rainfall, and humidity are major limiting factors affecting the range extension of Ae. albopictus. These are examined, along with previous distribution records of the closely related Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), to identify general areas of the Mediterranean basin that might be suitable for colonization by Ae. albopictus. Finally, the results of vector competence studies, virus isolation tests of field-collected specimens, and feeding habits of Ae. albopictus are analyzed with a view toward assessing the potential of Ae. albopictus becoming involved in arbovirus cycles in Mediterranean countries. Mosquito-borne arboviruses of concern to the region include Sindbis, chikungunya, West Nile, dengue, Tahyna, Rift Valley fever, and Batai viruses. In addition, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis and African horse sickness viruses occur in the area and mosquito vectors may be involved in their transmission. RP MITCHELL, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 51 TC 121 Z9 132 U1 4 U2 28 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 20 IS 1 BP 44 EP 58 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RP282 UT WOS:A1995RP28200005 ER PT J AU KERR, JR CURRAN, MD MOORE, JE ERDMAN, DD COYLE, PV NUNOUE, T MIDDLETON, D FERGUSON, WP AF KERR, JR CURRAN, MD MOORE, JE ERDMAN, DD COYLE, PV NUNOUE, T MIDDLETON, D FERGUSON, WP TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE NONSTRUCTURAL GENE OF PARVOVIRUS B19 DETECTED BY SINGLE-STRANDED CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM ASSAY (SSCP) AND PARTIAL NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PARVOVIRUS B19; PCR; SINGLE-STRANDED CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM ASSAY (SSCP); NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CELLULAR-TRANSFORMATION; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; NS-1 POLYPEPTIDE; PROGENITOR CELLS; MINUTE VIRUS; VIRAL-DNA; GENOME; REPLICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB A homologous region in the parvovirus B19 non-structural gene (B19 nt 1399-1682) was examined in 50 samples from patients with a wide variety of B19-related disease from various countries by PCR amplification, single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay and nucleotide sequencing, Five SSCP types were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Of a total of 6 mutations, all were silent. Types 3 and 4 accounted for 92% of strains. There was no correlation between genome type and either clinical illness or patient age. However, there was a correlation between SSCP type and country of origin. Type 3 strains predominated in Japan (18/26) and the UK (6/8), whereas type 4 predominated in the USA (9/12). Notably, type 3 strains also predominated among females (14/18), whereas there were approximately equal numbers of strain types 3 (7/17) and 4 (8/17) among males; an observation which remains unexplained. Within the Japanese group, although type 3 strains predominated overall, strains isolated from 1981 to 1987 consisted of types 1 (2/15), 2 (1/15), 3 (8/15), and 4 (4/15), whereas strains isolated from 1990 to 1994 consisted almost entirely of type 3 (10/11). C1 ROYAL VICTORIA HOSP,REG VIRUS LAB,BELFAST BT12 6BA,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. BELFAST CITY HOSP,TISSUE TYPING LAB,BELFAST BT9 7AD,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KYUSHU UNIV,SCH HLTH SCI,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN. RP KERR, JR (reprint author), BELFAST CITY HOSP,DEPT BACTERIOL,LISBURN RD,BELFAST BT9 7AB,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. OI Universidad del Rosario, Biblioteca/0000-0003-3491-9392 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 1995 VL 53 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(95)00017-O PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RG003 UT WOS:A1995RG00300005 PM 7673389 ER PT J AU WILCOX, CM ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW SCHWARTZ, DA AF WILCOX, CM ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM GREER, PW SCHWARTZ, DA TI EVALUATION OF IDIOPATHIC ESOPHAGEAL ULCERATION FOR HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS; ESOPHAGITIS; ESOPHAGEAL ULCERATION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; INFECTION; ULCERS; HIV AB Recent studies suggest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be the cause of HIV-associated idiopathic esophageal ulcer (IEU). However, other causes of esophageal disease in HN-infected patients have not been evaluated for appropriate comparison. Over a 14-month period 13 patients with IEU as determined by clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic criteria were identified. During the same period nine HIV-infected patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) esophagitis and one HIV-infected patient each with herpes simplex virus esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were also identified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ DNA hybridization (ISH) were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue of endoscopic biopsies of ulcer tissue using standard techniques. Eleven of 13 IEU patients (85%) as compared to seven of nine patients (78%) with CMV had HIV detected by PCR (P = 0.38). HIV was also detected in ulcer tissue from biopsy material from the patient with GERD but not herpes simplex virus esophagitis. In PCR-positive patients, ISH confirmed the presence of HIV in four patients (57%) with CMV and eight (73%) with IEU (P = 0.31). HIV was found only in inflammatory cells and not squamous epithelial cells. Given the similar prevalence of detection of HIV by PCR and ISH in ulcer tissue from both groups of HIV-infected patients as well as the location in rare inflammatory cells, we conclude that HIV infection of squamous mucosa does not appear to be the primary cause of IEU. C1 EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,MED SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PATHOL SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,MED SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,PATHOL SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 568 EP 572 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA RD360 UT WOS:A1995RD36000021 PM 7675779 ER PT J AU DAS, A HOLLOWAY, B COLLINS, WE SHAMA, VP GHOSH, SK SINHA, S HASNAIN, SE TALWAR, GP LAL, AA AF DAS, A HOLLOWAY, B COLLINS, WE SHAMA, VP GHOSH, SK SINHA, S HASNAIN, SE TALWAR, GP LAL, AA TI SPECIES-SPECIFIC 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE AMPLIFICATION FOR THE DETECTION OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM AND PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA PARASITES SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE DIAGNOSIS; MALARIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RIBOSOMAL RNA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PLASMODIUM; DIAGNOSIS; SEQUENCE; SAMPLES AB Based on the sequence diversity of the Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), we designed oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield different size fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax. The primers for the PCR procedure were chosen such that the 5' primer was Plasmodium-conserved while the 3' primers were species-specific. Using primer cocktails and cloned plasmid DNAs containing the 18S rRNA genes or parasite genomic DNA as targets, we show that the PCR procedure yields 1.4-kb and 0.5-kb DNA fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Limited field testing of this procedure demonstrated the utility of a ribosomal gene based species-specific malaria diagnosis. C1 ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. NATL INST IMMUNOL,NEW DELHI 110067,INDIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CDC,NCID,SCI RESOURCE BRANCH,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,ATLANTA,GA. INDIAN COUNCIL MED RES,MALARIA RES CTR,NEW DELHI,INDIA. RI HASNAIN, SEYED/C-1492-2009 NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1995.0025 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA RC360 UT WOS:A1995RC36000003 PM 7477008 ER PT J AU GAZMARARIAN, JA ADAMS, MM SALTZMAN, LE JOHNSON, CH BRUCE, FC MARKS, JS ZAHNISER, SC WOOLBRIGHT, A PEARSON, K ANDERSON, T TOMPKINS, P HOPKINS, R BENNETT, J GANSER, J DANNA, J EYSTER, J MEDVESKY, M LORENZ, R BARTON, B DORF, A THOMAS, T AF GAZMARARIAN, JA ADAMS, MM SALTZMAN, LE JOHNSON, CH BRUCE, FC MARKS, JS ZAHNISER, SC WOOLBRIGHT, A PEARSON, K ANDERSON, T TOMPKINS, P HOPKINS, R BENNETT, J GANSER, J DANNA, J EYSTER, J MEDVESKY, M LORENZ, R BARTON, B DORF, A THOMAS, T TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREGNANCY INTENDEDNESS AND PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN MOTHERS OF NEWBORNS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABUSE; WOMEN AB Objective: To determine if pregnancy intendedness is associated with physical violence, and to identify factors that modify this association. Methods: Three to 6 months after delivery, we mailed a questionnaire to a population-based sample of 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990 and 1991 in four states. We used multiple logistic regression to compute odds ratios. Results: The state-specific prevalences (a standard error) of physical violence ranged from 3.8 +/- 0.5 to 6.9 +/- 0.8%; the prevalences of unwanted or mistimed pregnancies ranged from 36.9-46.3%. In each state, higher rates of physical violence were reported by women who had fewer than 12 years of education, lived in crowded conditions, participated in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children, received no or delayed prenatal care, or were of races other than white, under 20 years old, or not married. Regardless of other attributes, women with unwanted or mistimed pregnancies reported higher rates of physical violence than women With intended pregnancies and accounted for 70% of women who reported physical violence. Overall, women with unwanted pregnancies had 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.7-6.2) times the odds of experiencing physical violence than did women with intended pregnancies. This association was weaker for women with few social advantages than for those with more advantages. Conclusion: Physical violence toward women during the periconceptional and antenatal periods occurs in all sociodemographic groups. Women with unwanted or mistimed pregnancies are at an increased risk for violence by their partners compared with women with intended pregnancies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 22 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00057-X PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QZ918 UT WOS:A1995QZ91800024 PM 7770250 ER PT J AU VIANA, IRC CORREAOLIVEIRA, R DOSSANTOS, O MASSARA, CL COLOSIMO, E COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G AF VIANA, IRC CORREAOLIVEIRA, R DOSSANTOS, O MASSARA, CL COLOSIMO, E COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G TI COMPARISON OF ANTIBODY ISOTYPE RESPONSES TO SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI ANTIGENS BY INFECTED AND PUTATIVE RESISTANT INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN AN ENDEMIC AREA SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCHISTOSOMA; ANTIBODIES ISOTYPES; ENDEMIC NORMALS ID ADULT WORM ANTIGENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IGE ANTIBODIES; MACROPHAGES; ASSOCIATION; REACTIVITY; MECHANISMS; BLOCKING; INVITRO; IGG4 AB The isotopic patterns of antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni antigenic preparations from eggs (SEA), adult worms (SWAP) and cercariae (CERC) have been studied in sera from two groups of individuals living in an area endemic for S. mansoni. One of the groups was comprised of individuals diagnosed as having S. mansoni infections based on their patency, i.e. those passing eggs in their faeces (patent infections, PI). The other group has been consider putatively resistant' due to their residence in an endemic area, their documented exposure to positive transmission sites, and their repented negativity upon stool examinations (endemic normals, EN). There are strong specific responses of IgG1, IgG4 and IgM, particularly to SEA and CERC, by both groups. The reactivities of all isotypes were lower to SWAP. The responses of IgG4, IgM anti IgE anti-CERC in EN and PI are higher than those found in normal individuals from outside endemic areas. In general, EN individuals express a relative higher level of anti-STEG IgE as compared to IgG4, On the other hand the pool of ser a from PI showed the opposite pattern of higher IgG4 as compared to IgE. Several correlations are seen between isotypic responses to SEA, SWAP and CERC based on comparisons to the anti-SWAP IgE responses of the individuals in the two groups. These comparisons indicate the presence of distinct immunologic differences between individuals in the PI and the EN groups. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UFMG,ICEX,INST CIENCIAS EXATAS,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 26505] NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 17 IS 6 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00895.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA RH942 UT WOS:A1995RH94200003 PM 7494642 ER PT J AU SHAY, DK GOLDMANN, DA JARVIS, WR AF SHAY, DK GOLDMANN, DA JARVIS, WR TI REDUCING THE SPREAD OF ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS - CONTROL OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; FAECIUM; OUTBREAK; FAECALIS; CANDIDA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENTAMICIN AB Strategies to reduce the spread of hospital-acquired microorganisms resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents are discussed. Because hospitals have experienced a rapid increase in the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the past 5 years, the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Controlling VRE dissemination in pediatric patients requires prompt detection of VRE by microbiology laboratories, education of staff and families about VRE, use of infection control measures to prevent person-to-person VRE transmission, and prudent vancomycin use. C1 HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP SHAY, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 58 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 42 IS 3 BP 703 EP 716 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QZ949 UT WOS:A1995QZ94900013 PM 7761148 ER PT J AU SNIADACK, DH SCHWARTZ, B LIPMAN, H BOGAERTS, J BUTLER, JC DAGAN, R ECHANIZAVILES, G LLOYDEVANS, N FENOLL, A GIRGIS, NI HENRICHSEN, J KLUGMAN, K LEHMANN, D TAKALA, AK VANDEPITTE, J GOVE, S BREIMAN, RF AF SNIADACK, DH SCHWARTZ, B LIPMAN, H BOGAERTS, J BUTLER, JC DAGAN, R ECHANIZAVILES, G LLOYDEVANS, N FENOLL, A GIRGIS, NI HENRICHSEN, J KLUGMAN, K LEHMANN, D TAKALA, AK VANDEPITTE, J GOVE, S BREIMAN, RF TI POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA - GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL DIFFERENCES IN SEROTYPE AND SEROGROUP DISTRIBUTION OF STERILE SITE PNEUMOCOCCAL ISOLATES FROM CHILDREN - IMPLICATIONS FOR VACCINE STRATEGIES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PNEUMOCOCCUS; SEROTYPE; SEROGROUP; CONJUGATE VACCINE ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; ETIOLOGY; POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY; MENINGITIS; PAKISTAN AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of fatal bacterial pneumonia in young children. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have not been promoted for use in young children because many constituent serotypes are not immunogenic in children < 2 years old. Conjugating pneumococcal polysaccharide epitopes to a protein carrier would likely increase vaccine immunogenicity in children, We reviewed published and unpublished pneumococcal serotype and serogroup data from 16 countries on 6 continents to determine geographic and temporal differences in serotype and serogroup distribution of sterile site pneumococcal isolates among children and to estimate coverage of proposed and potential pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulas, The most common pneumococcal serotypes or groups from developed countries were, in descending order, 14, 6, 19, 18, 9, 23, 7, 4, 1 and 15. In developing countries the order was 6, 14, 8, 5, 1, 19, 9, 23, 18, 15 and 7. Development of customized heptavalent vaccine formulas, one for use in all developed countries and one for use in all developing countries, would not provide substantially better coverage against invasive pneumococcal disease than two currently proposed heptavalent formulas, An optimal nanovalent vaccine for global use would include serotypes 1, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F. Geographic and temporal variation in pneumococcal serotypes demonstrates the need for a species-wide pneumococcal vaccine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR HOSP KIGALI,KIGALI,RWANDA. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. INST NACL SALUD PUBL,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS,MEXICO. MRC,BANJUL,GAMBIA. CTR NACL MICROBIOL VIROL & INMUNOL SANITARIAS MAJADAHONDA,MADRID,SPAIN. BIOMED RES CTR INFECT DIS,CAIRO,EGYPT. STATEN SERUMINST,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. S AFRICAN INST MED RES,JOHANNESBURG 2000,SOUTH AFRICA. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND. KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,B-3001 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. WHO,PROGRAM CONTROL ACUTE RESP INFECT,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NR 33 TC 166 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1097/00006454-199506000-00007 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RC781 UT WOS:A1995RC78100007 PM 7667055 ER PT J AU LOBATO, MN SPIRA, TJ ROGERS, MF FOLKS, TM HODGE, TW MCDOUGAL, JS NICHOLSON, JK RAYFIELD, MA SCHABLE, CA SCHOCHETMAN, G AF LOBATO, MN SPIRA, TJ ROGERS, MF FOLKS, TM HODGE, TW MCDOUGAL, JS NICHOLSON, JK RAYFIELD, MA SCHABLE, CA SCHOCHETMAN, G TI CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA IN CHILDREN - LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR A NEW ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME AGENT SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE T LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; CHILDREN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY ID COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VIRUS TYPE-1; CELLS; DEFICIENCY; SUBSETS; INFANTS; RISK AB We investigated children with CD4+ T lymphocytopenia to determine the magnitude and public health impact of this condition and to investigate possible causes. Children < 13 years old with CD4+ T lymphocyte counts below age-adjusted cutoffs (age < 24 months, 1000 cells/mu l; age greater than or equal to 24 months, 300 cells/mu l) or < 20% on 2 separate measurements were considered to have CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. We solicited information from clinicians and public health departments on these children and their families and collected blood for immunologic and retroviral testing. We identified 18 children (10 boys; 14 African-Americans) with a median age of 10 months at their first low CD4+ T lymphocyte measurement. Three children had had opportunistic infections and two still had low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts 5 and 7 years later. Of the 11 children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers 7 were asymptomatic. Specimens from ah children were negative for HIV and human T lymphotropic virus antibodies and negative for HIV by culture or polymerase chain reaction. Among 12 families interviewed no other HIV-seronegative family or household member had illnesses suggestive of immunosuppression. We conclude that negative retroviral tests and lack of illness among their family members do not support the hypothesis that a retrovirus causes CD4+ T lymphocytopenia among these children. Persistent CD4+ T lymphocytopenia well beyond recovery from an opportunistic infection suggests that the immunosuppression may not be the result of the acute infection. Our data indicate that unexplained CD4+ T lymphocytopenia is unlikely to be a major public health problem but deserves further study as to its cause. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Nicholson, Jeremy/B-3395-2012 OI Nicholson, Jeremy/0000-0002-8123-8349 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1097/00006454-199506000-00011 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RC781 UT WOS:A1995RC78100011 PM 7667059 ER PT J AU GUENDELMAN, S ENGLISH, P CHAVEZ, G AF GUENDELMAN, S ENGLISH, P CHAVEZ, G TI THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND OTHER RISK-FACTORS ON IMMUNIZATION STATUS AMONG MEXICAN-AMERICAN INFANTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE MEXICAN-AMERICAN INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR ID MEASLES; COVERAGE; CHILDREN AB Objective. Few studies have investigated the effect of maternal health behaviors on the utilization of childhood preventive care. We evaluated a sample of 788 Latino mother-infant pairs to determine whether, in addition to other characteristics, maternal health risk behaviors are associated with infant immunization status. Methodology. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Mexican origin mothers of infants 8 to 16 months of age living in San Diego County, CA. In addition to sociodemographic and health care factors, we assessed maternal behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, safety precautions, and the organization of the home environment, and examined their relation to adequate childhood immunization status. Results. When grouped together in a maternal health risk index, maternal health behaviors showed a dose-response relationship with inadequate immunization status. After controlling for confounders, each point increase on the health risk index was associated with a 20% increase in the likelihood of inadequate childhood immunizations. Marital status, parity, life stress, time lived in neighborhood, Spanish language, and child age were also important predictors. Conclusion. Early identification of children at risk for underimmunization may be aided by focusing on maternal health behaviors in addition to other sociodemographic characteristics. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP GUENDELMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH PROGRAM,404 EARL WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1995 VL 95 IS 6 BP 823 EP 828 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RB905 UT WOS:A1995RB90500004 PM 7761205 ER PT J AU DEMERS, PA BOFFETTA, P KOGEVINAS, M BLAIR, A MILLER, BA ROBINSON, CF ROSCOE, RJ WINTER, PD COLIN, D MATOS, E VAINIO, H AF DEMERS, PA BOFFETTA, P KOGEVINAS, M BLAIR, A MILLER, BA ROBINSON, CF ROSCOE, RJ WINTER, PD COLIN, D MATOS, E VAINIO, H TI POOLED REANALYSIS OF CANCER MORTALITY AMONG 5 COHORTS OF WORKERS IN WOOD-RELATED INDUSTRIES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE WOOD DUST; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NASAL CANCER; NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES ID HIGH-WYCOMBE AREA; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; DUST EXPOSURE; FURNITURE; MISCLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FORMALDEHYDE; MAKERS; RISK AB Objectives To provide more information regarding the risk of cancer associated with wood dust, a pooled reanalysis of data from five cohort studies was performed. Methods The combined cohort consisted of 28 704 persons from five studies: British furniture workers, members of the union representing furniture workers in the United States, two cohorts of plywood workers, and one of wood model makers, among whom 7665 deaths occurred. Pooled analyses were carried out for all of the cohorts combined, the two furniture worker cohorts combined, and the two plywood workers cohorts combined. Results Significant excesses of nasal [observed 11, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6-5.6] and nasopharyngeal (observed 9, SMR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-4.5) cancer were observed. That for nasal cancer appeared to be associated with exposure to wood dust but was based solely on cases from the British furniture worker cohort, while that of nasopharyngeal cancer was observed for furniture and plywood workers and was associated with both high and low probability of wood dust exposure. Some support for an excess risk of multiple myeloma was also observed but was less clearly associated with wood dust exposure. No excesses of lung, larynx, stomach, or colon cancer were found to be associated with any surrogate indicators of wood dust exposure. Conclusions Workers exposed to wood dust may have an excess risk of nasopharyngeal cancer and multiple myeloma in addition to sinonasal cancer. The limitations of this study would tend to obscure relationships, rather than create false positive findings. C1 INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. INST MUNICIPAL INVEST MED,BARCELONA,SPAIN. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. MRC,LONDON,ENGLAND. INST ONCOL ANGEL H ROFFO,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. INST OCCUPAT HLTH,HELSINKI,FINLAND. RP DEMERS, PA (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,OCCUPAT HYG PROGRAMME,2206 EAST MALL,3RD FLOOR,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z3,CANADA. RI Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017 NR 40 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 179 EP 190 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RJ198 UT WOS:A1995RJ19800003 PM 7481605 ER PT J AU PERRY, GS YIP, R ZYRKOWSKI, C AF PERRY, GS YIP, R ZYRKOWSKI, C TI NUTRITIONAL RISK-FACTORS AMONG LOW-INCOME PREGNANT US WOMEN - THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL-AND-PREVENTION (CDC) PREGNANCY NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 1979 THROUGH 1993 SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM DELIVERY; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MATERNAL WEIGHT; ADULT WOMEN; TRENDS; DRINKING; PATTERNS; GROWTH; ANEMIA RP PERRY, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80027-8 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA RE746 UT WOS:A1995RE74600007 PM 7570073 ER PT J AU COGSWELL, ME YIP, R AF COGSWELL, ME YIP, R TI THE INFLUENCE OF FETAL AND MATERNAL FACTORS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF BIRTH-WEIGHT SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; INFANT-MORTALITY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; PREGNANCY; SMOKING; MACROSOMIA; WOMEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP COGSWELL, ME (reprint author), PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,2859 PACES FERRY RD,SUITE 820,ATLANTA,GA 30339, USA. NR 58 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 222 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80028-X PG 19 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA RE746 UT WOS:A1995RE74600008 PM 7570074 ER PT J AU LENTZNER, H AF LENTZNER, H TI AUTONOMY AND WELL-BEING IN THE AGING POPULATION - CONCEPTS AND DESIGN OF THE LONGITUDINAL AGING STUDY AMSTERDAM - DEEG,DJH, KNIPSCHEER,CPM, VANTILBURG,W SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Book Review RP LENTZNER, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1586 EP 1587 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(95)90277-5 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA RA108 UT WOS:A1995RA10800020 ER PT J AU MCNABB, SJN KELSO, KY WILSON, SA MCFARLAND, L FARLEY, TA AF MCNABB, SJN KELSO, KY WILSON, SA MCFARLAND, L FARLEY, TA TI HURRICANE ANDREW-RELATED INJURIES AND ILLNESSES, LOUISIANA, 1992 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To determine the extent and types of injuries and illnesses in Louisiana associated with or related to Hurricane Andrew, we gathered data from hospital emergency departments and coroner's offices on demographic variables, institution, nature and cause of the injury or illness, body part affected, location, and date and time of the event. A hurricane-related injury or illness was defined as one that occurred from noon on August 24, 1992, through midnight on September 21, 1992, as a direct or indirect result of the preparation for (preimpact), the impact of, or the clean-up after the hurricane (postimpact). Nineteen parishes in south-central Louisiana that were most affected by Hurricane Andrew provided data from patients seen in emergency departments and reports from coroner's offices. Active, advance surveillance of this type promotes and facilitates the reporting of disaster-related health outcomes. Future planning for hurricanes should take into account the high rate of cuts, lacerations, and puncture wounds, particularly during the postimpact phase. C1 LOUISIANA OFF PUBL HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 88 IS 6 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1097/00007611-199506000-00003 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RC172 UT WOS:A1995RC17200003 PM 7777875 ER PT J AU SCHIEBER, RA BRANCHEDORSEY, CM AF SCHIEBER, RA BRANCHEDORSEY, CM TI IN-LINE SKATING INJURIES - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In 1993 there was an estimated 12.6 million in-line skaters in the US. In-line skating is popular because of its affordability and its exercise and recreational value. The main risk factors for injury include speed, obstacles and hard surfaces. Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System in US hospitals, 31 000 skaters were reported injured over a 12 month period. Fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains and avulsion made up 67% of all injuries. It is recommended that skaters wear protection equipment including, helmet, wrist guards, knee-pads and elbow-pads. Although head injuries from skating appear low in numbers, helmet protection is also recommended. Further studies are required that assess risk factors for injury and environmental and behavioural aspects. RP SCHIEBER, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 6 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.2165/00007256-199519060-00006 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA RC281 UT WOS:A1995RC28100006 PM 7676103 ER PT J AU CONTRINO, J GORALNICK, S HAIR, G KREUTZER, DL RICKLES, FR AF CONTRINO, J GORALNICK, S HAIR, G KREUTZER, DL RICKLES, FR TI FIBRIN INDUCTION OF TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT MED,STORRS,CT 06268. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,STORRS,CT 06268. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STORRS,CT 06268. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 910 EP 910 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RP385 UT WOS:A1995RP38500044 ER PT J AU BARZILAI, A SCHULMAN, S KARETNYI, YV FAVOROV, MO LEVIN, E MENDELSON, E WEISS, P FIELDS, HA VARON, D MARTINOWITZ, U AF BARZILAI, A SCHULMAN, S KARETNYI, YV FAVOROV, MO LEVIN, E MENDELSON, E WEISS, P FIELDS, HA VARON, D MARTINOWITZ, U TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION IN HEMOPHILIACS SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,NATL HEMOPHILIA CTR,CENT VIROL LAB,LIBER UNIT,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1034 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RP385 UT WOS:A1995RP38500517 ER PT J AU CHEN, RT AF CHEN, RT TI ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR VACCINE ADVERSE-EFFECTS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP CHEN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM MSE61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 27 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8961 BP 1369 EP 1369 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92568-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RA148 UT WOS:A1995RA14800045 PM 7752776 ER PT J AU CHAKRAVERTY, M HAY, A SCHILD, G WOOD, J GUST, I HAMPSON, A WEBER, J KIM, J PARK, K CLAAS, E AF CHAKRAVERTY, M HAY, A SCHILD, G WOOD, J GUST, I HAMPSON, A WEBER, J KIM, J PARK, K CLAAS, E TI UPDATE - INFLUENZA ACTIVITY - UNITED-STATES AND WORLDWIDE, 1994-95 SEASON, AND COMPOSITION OF THE 1995-96 INFLUENZA VACCINE (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 282-285, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. COMMONWEALTH SERUM LABS,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. NATL INST HLTH,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. WHO,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,PROGRAM BACTERIAL VIRAL DIS & IMMUNOL,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BR,ATLANTA,GA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP CHAKRAVERTY, M (reprint author), CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 20 BP 1565 EP 1566 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QY541 UT WOS:A1995QY54100007 ER PT J AU BELL, R COUSINS, J MCNEELY, W ROGERS, P PAYNE, A VIGNESKENDRICK, MD BILLODEAUX, J JONES, R TAYLOR, J HENDRICKS, K PERDUE, J SIMPSON, D AF BELL, R COUSINS, J MCNEELY, W ROGERS, P PAYNE, A VIGNESKENDRICK, MD BILLODEAUX, J JONES, R TAYLOR, J HENDRICKS, K PERDUE, J SIMPSON, D TI LOCAL TRANSMISSION OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA - HOUSTON, TEXAS, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 295, 301-303, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 HARRIS CTY MOSQUITO CONTROL DIST,HOUSTON,TX. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP BELL, R (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,HOUSTON,TX, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 20 BP 1566 EP 1568 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QY541 UT WOS:A1995QY54100008 ER PT J AU SANDSTROM, PA PARDI, D TEBBEY, PW DUDEK, RW TERRIAN, DM FOLKS, TM BUTTKE, TM AF SANDSTROM, PA PARDI, D TEBBEY, PW DUDEK, RW TERRIAN, DM FOLKS, TM BUTTKE, TM TI LIPID HYDROPEROXIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS - LACK OF INHIBITION BY BCL-2 OVER-EXPRESSION SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CELL DEATH; MEMBRANE LIPID; ANTIOXIDANT; OXYGEN RADICAL; LYMPHOCYTE ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MANGANOUS SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; IMMATURE THYMOCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; INDUCTION; FRAGMENTATION; NEUTROPHILS; METABOLITES; STIMULATION AB Increased membrane lipid peroxidation has recently been implicated as being associated with apoptosis, In the present study the addition of 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) or 13-hydroperoxydodecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) to A3.01 T cells is shown to induce marked chromatin condensation coincident with DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis, 15-HPETE also evoked an immediate and sustained rise in cytoplasmic calcium which was required for the induction of apoptosis, A3.01 cells transfected with the bcl-2 proto-oncogene were 6- to 8-fold more resistant to apoptotic killing by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but only 0.4-fold more resistant to 15-HPETE. Thus, Bcl-2 is not capable of protecting cells from undergoing apoptosis following the direct addition of lipid hydroperoxides. C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858. E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858. RP SANDSTROM, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAY 22 PY 1995 VL 365 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00443-D PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA RA824 UT WOS:A1995RA82400015 PM 7774717 ER PT J AU SCHULZ, KF AF SCHULZ, KF TI METAANALYSES OF INTERVENTIONAL TRIALS DONE IN POPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT RISKS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP SCHULZ, KF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,MS-E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8960 BP 1304 EP 1305 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QY933 UT WOS:A1995QY93300037 PM 7746072 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE OLSON, JG WOLF, A COHEN, N FAKILE, Y ROONEY, JA BACELLAR, F REGNERY, RL AF CHILDS, JE OLSON, JG WOLF, A COHEN, N FAKILE, Y ROONEY, JA BACELLAR, F REGNERY, RL TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO ROCHALIMAEA SPECIES (CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE AGENT) IN CATS SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note ID HENSELAE SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PELIOSIS C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. INST NACL SAUDE,CTR ESTUDOS VECTORES & DOENGAS INFECCIOSAS,LISBON,PORTUGAL. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 14 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD MAY 20 PY 1995 VL 136 IS 20 BP 519 EP 520 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RA922 UT WOS:A1995RA92200012 PM 7544936 ER PT J AU WHITE, R RAPPAPORT, S LIEBER, K GORMAN, A DUMELLE, F MAPLE, D BHAWNANI, M EDELMAN, N AF WHITE, R RAPPAPORT, S LIEBER, K GORMAN, A DUMELLE, F MAPLE, D BHAWNANI, M EDELMAN, N TI CHILDREN AT RISK FROM OZONE AIR-POLLUTION - UNITED-STATES, 1991-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 309, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV EPIDEMIOL & STAT,NEW YORK,NY. AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV GOVT RELAT,NEW YORK,NY. AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV COMMUN,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. RP WHITE, R (reprint author), AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV NATL PROGRAMS,NEW YORK,NY 10019, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 17 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 19 BP 1484 EP 1485 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QX418 UT WOS:A1995QX41800005 ER PT J AU STEVENSON, RE DEAN, JH ALLEN, WP KELLY, M AF STEVENSON, RE DEAN, JH ALLEN, WP KELLY, M TI PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR REDUCING RISK FOR NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS - SOUTH-CAROLINA, 1992-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 141, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 S CAROLINA DEPT DISABIL & SPECIAL NEEDS,COLUMBIA,SC. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP STEVENSON, RE (reprint author), GREENWOOD GENET CTR,GREENWOOD,SC 29646, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 17 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 19 BP 1485 EP 1485 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QX418 UT WOS:A1995QX41800006 ER PT J AU HABER, M ORENSTEIN, WA HALLORAN, ME LONGINI, IM AF HABER, M ORENSTEIN, WA HALLORAN, ME LONGINI, IM TI THE EFFECT OF DISEASE PRIOR TO AN OUTBREAK ON ESTIMATES OF VACCINE EFFICACY FOLLOWING THE OUTBREAK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; MEASLES; STATISTICS; VACCINES ID MEASLES-VACCINE AB A common source of bias in evaluating vaccine efficacy following a disease outbreak is the presence of persons who had the disease prior to the outbreak. This paper examines the effects of including and excluding pre-outbreak disease cases from the calculation of vaccine efficacy based on the cumulative incidence at the end of an outbreak. Using a five-stage model, the effects of the following factors on the bias of vaccine efficacy estimates are examined: the true protective efficacy of the vaccine, the prevaccination infection rate, differences in vaccine uptake among the previously diseased and nondiseased, differences in pre-outbreak exposure to infection between vaccinees and nonvaccinees, and differences in exposure during the outbreak between vaccinees and nonvaccinees. Numerical calculations of the bias are performed for a hypothetical outbreak of measles in a developing country. Exclusion of pre-outbreak disease cases requires accurate data on disease rates prior to the outbreak, and such data are often unreliable or nonexistent. Inclusion of pre-outbreak cases contributes to the bias of the estimated vaccine efficacy, especially when there is a high prevaccination infection rate and vaccine uptake among the previously diseased is considerably lower than that among the nondiseased. In most practical cases, however, this bias is not very large. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HABER, M (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCHM PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,1518 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI32042-02] NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 10 BP 980 EP 990 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX412 UT WOS:A1995QX41200012 PM 7741128 ER PT J AU GORDIS, E DUFOUR, MC WARREN, KR JACKSON, RJ FLOYD, RL HUNGERFORD, DW AF GORDIS, E DUFOUR, MC WARREN, KR JACKSON, RJ FLOYD, RL HUNGERFORD, DW TI SHOULD PHYSICIANS COUNSEL PATIENTS TO DRINK ALCOHOL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GORDIS, E (reprint author), NIAAA,BETHESDA,MD, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 18 BP 1415 EP 1415 DI 10.1001/jama.273.18.1415 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QW279 UT WOS:A1995QW27900011 PM 7723148 ER PT J AU BESSER, RE MAHON, B GRIFFIN, PM TAUXE, RV TAYLOR, JL AF BESSER, RE MAHON, B GRIFFIN, PM TAUXE, RV TAYLOR, JL TI ALL VIBRIO-CHOLERAE INFECTIONS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. RP BESSER, RE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 10 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 18 BP 1417 EP 1417 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QW279 UT WOS:A1995QW27900017 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, EA KREISWIRTH, BN PALUMBO, L KAPUR, V MUSSER, JM EBRAHIMZADEH, A FRIEDEN, TR AF SULLIVAN, EA KREISWIRTH, BN PALUMBO, L KAPUR, V MUSSER, JM EBRAHIMZADEH, A FRIEDEN, TR TI EMERGENCE OF FLUOROQUINOLONE-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW-YORK-CITY SO LANCET LA English DT Note ID CIPROFLOXACIN AB 22 patients infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York City were identified between January, 1991, and November, 1993. In 16 patients resistance arose as a result of inadequate or inappropriate treatment. 6 patients had primary infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms; 5 acquired the organisms nosocomially. Seven distinct patterns of restriction-fragment length polymorphism were identified in isolates from 21 patients. Fluoroquinolones should be restricted to patients with multidrug-resistant disease or intolerance to other antituberculosis drugs. All patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis should be on directly observed therapy. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PUBL HLTH RES INST,CTR TB,NEW YORK,NY. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,MOLEC PATHOBIOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-09238, AI-37004]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-09238] NR 10 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 6 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8958 BP 1148 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90980-X PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QW622 UT WOS:A1995QW62200012 PM 7723548 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR FARUQUE, S MCCOY, CB WORD, CO AF EDLIN, BR FARUQUE, S MCCOY, CB WORD, CO TI CRACK COCAINE AND HIV IN THE INNER-CITY - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33136. BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94124. RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 4 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 18 BP 1234 EP 1234 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QV415 UT WOS:A1995QV41500015 ER PT J AU COE, CL CARROLL, NC ZENKER, PN THOMPSON, SG LOFGREN, JP ADAMS, JS KING, J HALL, S CARVER, M BEVILLE, J SWINGER, GL GATELEY, KW THORNER, R MILLIKEN, S NORBERG, J KELLEY, M ROBINSON, L CHAPMAN, R SIMPSON, D AF COE, CL CARROLL, NC ZENKER, PN THOMPSON, SG LOFGREN, JP ADAMS, JS KING, J HALL, S CARVER, M BEVILLE, J SWINGER, GL GATELEY, KW THORNER, R MILLIKEN, S NORBERG, J KELLEY, M ROBINSON, L CHAPMAN, R SIMPSON, D TI HUMAN RABIES - ALABAMA, TENNESSEE, AND TEXAS, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 269-272, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL 36102. ST MARYS HOSP,RACINE,WI 53405. KNOX CTY HLTH DEPT,KNOXVILLE,TN. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,NASHVILLE,TN. SW TEXAS METHODIST HOSP,SAN ANTONIO,TX. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP COE, CL (reprint author), FLOWERS HOSP,3228 W MAIN ST,DOTHAN,AL 36301, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 17 BP 1327 EP 1328 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QV307 UT WOS:A1995QV30700004 ER PT J AU PROVINCE, MA HADLEY, EC HORNBROOK, MC LIPSITZ, LA MULROW, CD ORY, MG SATTIN, RW TINETTI, ME WOLF, SL AF PROVINCE, MA HADLEY, EC HORNBROOK, MC LIPSITZ, LA MULROW, CD ORY, MG SATTIN, RW TINETTI, ME WOLF, SL TI THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON FALLS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS - A PREPLANNED METAANALYSIS OF THE FICSIT TRIALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL STATUS; OLDER PERSONS; RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; FRAILTY; PREDICTORS; COMMUNITY; INJURIES; BALANCE; PEOPLE AB Objective.-To determine if short-term exercise reduces falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly. Design.-A preplanned meta-analysis of the seven Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques (FICSIT)-independent, randomized, controlled clinical trials that assessed intervention efficacy in reducing falls and frailty in elderly patients. All included an exercise component for 10 to 36 weeks. Fall and injury follow-up was obtained for up to 2 to 4 years. Setting.-Two nursing home and five community-dwelling (three health maintenance organizations) sites. Six were group and center based; one was conducted at home. Participants.-Numbers of participants ranged from 100 to 1323 per study. Subjects were mostly ambulatory and cognitively intact, with minimum ages of 60 to 75 years, although some studies required additional deficits, such as functionally dependent in two or more activities of daily living, balance deficits or lower extremity weakness, or high risk of falling. Interventions.-Exercise components varied across studies in character, duration, frequency, and intensity. Training was performed in one area or more of endurance, flexibility, balance platform, Tai Chi (dynamic balance), and resistance. Several treatment arms included additional nonexercise components, such as behavioral components, medication changes, education, functional activity, or nutritional supplements. Main Outcome Measures.-Time to each fall (fall-related injury) by self-report and/or medical records. Results.-Using the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model that allows multiple fall outcomes per patient, the adjusted fall incidence ratio for treatment arms including general exercise was 0.90 (95% confidence limits [CL], 0.81, 0.99) and for those including balance was 0.83 (95% CL, 0.70, 0.98). No exercise component was significant for injurious falls, but power was low to detect this outcome. Conclusions.-Treatments including exercise for elderly adults reduce the risk of falls. C1 NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KAISER PERMANENTE CTR HLTH RES,PORTLAND,OR. HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02215. AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,PROGRAM AGING,NEW HAVEN,CT. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT REHABIL MED,ATLANTA,GA. RP PROVINCE, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BIOSTAT,BOX 8067,600 S EUCLID ST,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010; OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995; Miller, J Philip/0000-0003-4568-6846 NR 44 TC 643 Z9 658 U1 28 U2 81 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 17 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.1001/jama.273.17.1341 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QV307 UT WOS:A1995QV30700018 PM 7715058 ER PT J AU HEBERT, LE SCHERR, PA BECKETT, LA ALBERT, MS PILGRIM, DM CHOWN, MJ FUNKENSTEIN, HH EVANS, DA AF HEBERT, LE SCHERR, PA BECKETT, LA ALBERT, MS PILGRIM, DM CHOWN, MJ FUNKENSTEIN, HH EVANS, DA TI AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE IN A COMMUNITY POPULATION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEMENTING ILLNESSES; SENILE DEMENTIA; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; PERIODS; LUNDBY; RATES AB Objective.-To determine age-specific incidence rates of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. Design.-Cohort, followed a mean of 4.3 years. Setting.-East Boston, Mass. Participants.-Of 2313 persons aged 65 years and older who were initially free of Alzheimer's disease, 1601 participated in the ascertainment of incident disease (80% of survivors), 409 declined participation, and 303 died before the end of the follow-up period. A stratified sample of 642 persons received detailed clinical evaluation. Outcome Measure.-Diagnosis of new probable Alzheimer's disease through structured clinical evaluation including neurologic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric examination. Community incidence rates were computed by 5-year age groups, adjusted for gender, single year of age, length of follow-up interval, and sampling design. Results.-The estimated annual incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the population was 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3% to 0.9%) for persons aged 65 to 69 years, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6% to 1.4%) for persons aged 70 to 74 years, 2.0% (95% CI, 1.3% to 2.7%) for persons aged 75 to 79 years, 3.3% (95% CI, 2.2% to 4.4%) for persons aged 80 to 84 years, and 8.4% (95% CI, 3.7% to 13.1%) for persons aged 85 years and older. Conclusions.-The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is substantial and is approximately 14 times higher among persons older than 85 years compared with those between 65 and 69 years of age. C1 RUSH UNIV,RUSH ALZHEIMERS DIS CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02114. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD COMMUNITY HLTH PLAN,BOSTON,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP HEBERT, LE (reprint author), RUSH INST AGING,1645 W JACKSON BLVD,SUITE 675,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06789, AG05362, AG10161] NR 36 TC 249 Z9 255 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 17 BP 1354 EP 1359 DI 10.1001/jama.273.17.1354 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QV307 UT WOS:A1995QV30700020 PM 7715060 ER PT J AU WORTLEY, PM CHU, SY DIAZ, T WARD, JW DOYLE, B DAVIDSON, AJ CHECKO, PJ HERR, M CONTI, L FANN, SA SORVILLO, F MOKOTOFF, E LEVY, A HERMANN, P NORRISWALCZAK, E AF WORTLEY, PM CHU, SY DIAZ, T WARD, JW DOYLE, B DAVIDSON, AJ CHECKO, PJ HERR, M CONTI, L FANN, SA SORVILLO, F MOKOTOFF, E LEVY, A HERMANN, P NORRISWALCZAK, E TI HIV TESTING PATTERNS - WHERE, WHY, AND WHEN WERE PERSONS WITH AIDS TESTED FOR HIV SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-ANTIBODY TESTING; BIDS; MEDICAL CARE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; WOMEN; RISK AB Objective: To describe the location of, primary reason for, and time between the first positive HIV test and AIDS diagnosis in a sample of persons with newly diagnosed AIDS. Design: Interviews supplementing information routinely collected through AIDS case reporting. Setting: Eleven US states and cities. Patients: Persons with AIDS (2441) diagnosed between January 1990 and December 1992. Main outcome measures: Location of first positive HIV test, primary reason for testing, and time interval between first positive HIV test and AIDS diagnosis. Results: Overall, persons were tested late in their course of HIV infection: 36% were tested for HIV within 2 months and 51% within 1 year of their AIDS diagnosis. Sixty-five per cent were HIV-tested in acute health-care settings: 33% in hospitals, 28% in physicians' offices, and 4% in emergency departments. Testing during hospitalization was most common among injecting drug users (43%) and persons infected through heterosexual contact (50%). Persons primarily sought HIV testing because of illness (58%); other reasons included being in a known risk group (13%) and having had a known HIV-infected sex partner (8%). Testing because of being in a known risk group was least common among persons infected through heterosexual contact (1%). Among persons in these exposure categories, testing differed by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: Most persons with AIDS were tested relatively late in their course of HIV infection, in acute health-care settings, and because of illness. Not knowing one's serostatus precludes early medical intervention and may increase transmission. C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. DELAWARE DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,WILMINGTON,DE. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RP WORTLEY, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1995 VL 9 IS 5 BP 487 EP 492 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA QV680 UT WOS:A1995QV68000011 PM 7639974 ER PT J AU MASTRO, TD LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K AF MASTRO, TD LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K TI CONDOM USE IN THAILAND - HOW MUCH IS IT SLOWING THE HIV AIDS EPIDEMIC SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; THAILAND; PROSTITUTION; CONDOM USE; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL TRANSMISSION ID NORTHERN THAILAND; MEN; INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MASTRO, TD (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,88-7 SOI BAMRASNARADURA,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1995 VL 9 IS 5 BP 523 EP 525 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA QV680 UT WOS:A1995QV68000016 PM 7639979 ER PT J AU ALLAWAY, GP DAVISBRUNO, KL BEAUDRY, GA GARCIA, EB WONG, EL RYDER, AM HASEL, KW GAUDUIN, MC KOUP, RA MCDOUGAL, JS MADDON, PJ AF ALLAWAY, GP DAVISBRUNO, KL BEAUDRY, GA GARCIA, EB WONG, EL RYDER, AM HASEL, KW GAUDUIN, MC KOUP, RA MCDOUGAL, JS MADDON, PJ TI EXPRESSION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CD4-IGG(2), A NOVEL HETEROTETRAMER THAT NEUTRALIZES PRIMARY HIV TYPE-1 ISOLATES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT SOLUBLE CD4; INFECTION; VIRUS; MOLECULES; GP120; DISSOCIATION; INHIBITION; ANTIBODIES; VIRIONS; FUSION AB CD4-IgG(2) is a novel fusion protein comprising human IgG(2) in which the Fv portions of both heavy and light chains have been replaced by the V1 and V2 domains of human CD4. This tetrameric protein is being developed as an immunoprophylactic agent to reduce the probability of infection following HIV-1 exposure, in settings such as occupational or perinatal exposure to the virus. CD4-IgG(2) has been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and is secreted as a fully assembled heterotetramer. The protein binds with nanomolar affinity to purified gp120 from both a laboratory-adapted strain and a primary isolate of HIV-1. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits demonstrated that CD4-IgG(2) has a plasma terminal half-life greater than 1 day, compared with 15 min for soluble CD4 (sCD4), CD4-IgG(2) does not bind to Fc receptors on the surface of U937 monocyte/macrophage cells, Compared to molecules that incorporate the Fc portion of IgG(1), CD4-IgG(2) has less potential to mediate functions such as antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or transplacental transmission of HIV-1. When tested in a virus-free HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion assay, the tetrameric CD4-IgG(2) molecule inhibited syncytium formation more effectively than monomeric sCD4 or a dimeric CD4-gamma 2 fusion protein, This suggests the protein will block cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1, Moreover, CD4-IgG(2) effectively neutralized a panel of laboratory-adapted strains and primary isolates of HIV-1, including strains with different tropisms and isolated from different stages of the disease, at concentrations that should be readily achieved in vivo. C1 AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALLAWAY, GP (reprint author), PROGEN PHARMACEUT INC,777 OLD SAW MILL RIVER RD,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591, USA. NR 29 TC 175 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 11 IS 5 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.1089/aid.1995.11.533 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RA347 UT WOS:A1995RA34700001 PM 7576908 ER PT J AU SCOTT, NA CANDAL, FJ ROBINSON, KA ADES, EW AF SCOTT, NA CANDAL, FJ ROBINSON, KA ADES, EW TI SEEDING EF INTRACORONARY STENTS WITH IMMORTALIZED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; INTRAVASCULAR STENTS; FIBRONECTIN; OCCLUSION; EXPERIENCE; THROMBOSIS; CLOSURE; DESIGN AB Intracoronary stents are effective in decreasing the complications associated with acute closure during coronary angioplasty. A major complication associated with the use of coronary stents is acute thrombotic occlusion. it has been postulated that the stent loses its thrombogenic potential after it becomes covered with a layer of endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene. Stents were placed in culture media with cells for 2 weeks. Seeding efficiency of the stent with the endothelial cells was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Balloon-expandable coronary stents placed in cell culture with immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells showed near-complete coverage after 2 weeks. After balloon inflation, persistence of cells on the stent was noted only on the lateral aspect of the balloon-expanded stents. If these stents were placed in culture, complete recovery of the monolayer was noted after 3 days. Stents were then covered with endothelial cells and frozen for 4 days. After thawing, the cells adhered to the devices and divided to form a monolayer in tissue culture. Seeded balloon-expandable stents were frozen for 4 months, thawed, and then implanted in a pig coronary artery. Human endothelial cells were identified on the stent 4 hours after deployment. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using a human microvascular endothelial cell line to seed an uncoated metal stent. The cells remain adherent to the stent, are functional after freezing, and remain on the stent at least 3 hours after intracoronary implantation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SCOTT, NA (reprint author), EMORY UNIV HOSP,ANDREAS GRUENTZIG CARDIOVASC CTR,SUITE F-606,1364 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 18 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 129 IS 5 BP 860 EP 866 DI 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90104-3 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QX023 UT WOS:A1995QX02300003 PM 7732973 ER PT J AU STREICHER, RP ARNOLD, JE COOPER, CV FISCHBACH, TJ AF STREICHER, RP ARNOLD, JE COOPER, CV FISCHBACH, TJ TI INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF MDHS METHOD-25 TO DETERMINE URETHANE-BOUND ISOCYANATE GROUPS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Method 25 for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS 25) of the Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom attempts to identify and quantify all isocyanate species in an air sample. Isocyanate species are derivatized with 1-(2-methonyphenyl)piperazine (MOPP) and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem ultraviolet/electrochemical (UV/EC) detection. The method identifies peaks as being isocyanate-derived if the EC/UV detector response ratio is between 0.75 and 1.5 times that of the derivatized monomer. This investigation sought to determine if the method correctly identifies and accurately quantifies intermediates created during polyurethane formation that possess free isocyanate groups. Model compounds derived from 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and ethylene glycol were prepared. These urethane species contained two (''dimer'') and three (''trimer'') TDI units and terminal MOPP-derivatized isocyanate groups. Like monomeric 2,4-TDI/MOPP urea, each contained two derivatized isocyanate groups per molecule, This investigation found that neither the UV nor the EC response is proportional to the number of isocyanate groups present in the model compounds, Therefore, ii is concluded that MDHS 25 is neither capable of correctly identifying TDI-urethane intermediates possessing MOPP-derivatized isocyanate groups nor is it capable of accurately quantifying these isocyanate groups, The proposed solution to this problem is the utilization of a derivatizing reagent that yields derivatized isocyanate species whose detector responses come more exclusively from the derivatized isocyanate moiety and, therefore, are more proportional to the number of derivatized isocyanate groups. RP STREICHER, RP (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 437 EP 442 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0437:IOTAOM>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX158 UT WOS:A1995QX15800003 PM 7754974 ER PT J AU KEYSCHWARTZ, RJ AF KEYSCHWARTZ, RJ TI ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH NIOSH METHOD-5521 FOR TOTAL ISOCYANATES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB A recent analysis for total isocyanates in air using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5521 presented difficulties in the identification of an oligomeric isocyanate species. Two problems were encountered during the analysis. A false negative response in the high performance liquid chromatography chromatogram was encountered in a majority of the field samples. An anomalous peak served to give a false positive in some of the field blanks and in some of the field samples. Through supplementing the ratio criterion of Method 5521 using the complete UV absorption spectrum from a photodiode array (PDA) UV detector, the two peaks were successfully identified However, this need for additional data to identify an oligomeric isocyanate species raises the question of whether the ratio criterion of Method 5521 allows the qualitative identification of isocyanate oligomers. RP KEYSCHWARTZ, RJ (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 474 EP 479 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0474:APEWNM>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX158 UT WOS:A1995QX15800007 PM 7754977 ER PT J AU SCHLECHT, PC SHULMAN, SA AF SCHLECHT, PC SHULMAN, SA TI PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY ASBESTOS FIBER COUNTING PERFORMANCE IN THE PROFICIENCY ANALYTICAL TESTING PROGRAM SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report evaluates 20 years (1972-1992) of asbestos fiber count reporting for the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) program, which is operated by the American industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) in cooperation with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Estimates were obtained for total, intracounter, and intercounter variability, Results show that total variability of counting chrysotile asbestos fibers improved by approximately 35% in recent years when compared with the variability found during 1975-1977, at the lowest filter fiber densities used in the PAT program. Total, intercounter, and intracounter variability for counting amosite and chrysotile asbestos fibers also were compared over a sir-year period starting in 1986. PAT program laboratories achieved about one-quarter lower intracounter variability and about one-third lower total and intercounter variability when counting amosite fibers versus chrysotile fibers. In addition, amosite intercounter variability improved by about one-third, with large improvements occurring in the first year that amosite was included in the program. Factors affecting performance, such as changes in phase contrast microscope fiber counting methods, PAT participation, the AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Program, and PAT sample production, are discussed as possible factors affecting variability. RP SCHLECHT, PC (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R8,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 56 IS 5 BP 480 EP 489 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QX158 UT WOS:A1995QX15800008 PM 7754978 ER PT J AU YIP, R AF YIP, R TI THE CHALLENGE OF CONTROLLING IRON-DEFICIENCY - SWEET NEWS FROM GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Note RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,MS K-25,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1165 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA QV695 UT WOS:A1995QV69500023 PM 7733043 ER PT J AU BOVE, FJ FULCOMER, MC KLOTZ, JB ESMART, J DUFFICY, EM SAVRIN, JE AF BOVE, FJ FULCOMER, MC KLOTZ, JB ESMART, J DUFFICY, EM SAVRIN, JE TI PUBLIC DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINATION AND BIRTH OUTCOMES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, PREMATURE; REGISTRIES; WATER POLLUTION, CHEMICAL; TERATOGENS; TRIHALOMETHANES ID SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; EXPOSURE; MISCLASSIFICATION; CHLOROFORM; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MALFORMATIONS; ASSOCIATION; INHALATION; TERATOGENS; MODEL AB The effects of public drinking water contamination on birth outcomes were evaluated in an area of northern New Jersey, After excluding plural births and chromosomal defects, 80,938 live births and 594 fetal deaths that occurred during the period 1985-1988 were studied. Information on birth outcome status and maternal risk factors was obtained from vital records and the New Jersey Birth Defects Registry. Monthly exposures during pregnancy were estimated for all births using tap water sample data. Odds ratios of greater than or equal to 1.50 were found for the following: total trihalomethanes with small for gestational age, central nervous system defects, oral cleft defects, and major cardiac defects; carbon tetrachloride with term low birth weight, small for gestational age, very low birth weight, total surveillance birth defects, central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; trichloroethylene with central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; tetrachloroethylene with oral cleft defects; total dichloroethylenes with central nervous system defects and oral cleft defects; benzene with neural tube defects and major cardiac defects; and 1,2-dichloroethane with major cardiac defects. Total trihalomethane levels >100 ppb reduced birth weight among term births by 70.4 g. By itself, this study cannot resolve whether the drinking water contaminants caused the adverse birth outcomes; therefore, these findings should be followed up utilizing available drinking water contamination databases. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,CTR HLTH STAT,TRENTON,NJ. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV FAMILY HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ. RP BOVE, FJ (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,MAIL STOP E31,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 250 Z9 256 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 9 BP 850 EP 862 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QV027 UT WOS:A1995QV02700008 PM 7717362 ER PT J AU SCHNITZER, PG OLSHAN, AF SAVITZ, DA ERICKSON, JD AF SCHNITZER, PG OLSHAN, AF SAVITZ, DA ERICKSON, JD TI VALIDITY OF MOTHERS REPORT OF FATHERS OCCUPATION IN A STUDY OF PATERNAL OCCUPATION AND CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; INTERVIEWS; OCCUPATIONS ID PROXY RESPONDENTS; SURROGATE RESPONDENTS; QUESTIONNAIRE DATA; BIRTH-DEFECTS; COMPARABILITY; EXPOSURE; INFORMATION; ACCURACY; SPOUSE; RISK AB Agreement between the mother's and father's report of the father's occupation was assessed in a case-control study of paternal occupation acid birth defects. Cases were identified from births registered with the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program between 1968 and 1980; controls were selected from liveborn infants without defects. Both parents were sought for interview, and each parent was asked about the father's job history for 2 years prior to the infant's birth. This concordance analysis is based on 3,739 case infants and 2,279 control infants for whom both parents were interviewed. The authors considered the father's report of his occupation as correct, and they assessed the ability of the mother to report the same occupation(s) during a 7-month period around conception. The exact agreement between mother's and father's report of the father's occupation was 59%. Agreement improved slightly with increasing family income and when fathers were college graduates. Female partners were not accurate proxy respondents in this study of paternal occupation and birth defects, which suggests that investigators should interview both parents in studies of paternal exposures and reproductive outcomes, i.e., mothers for pregnancy history and maternal confounders and fathers for occupational history and paternal confounders. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECT & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NICHD NIH HHS [5-T32-HD07168-14]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32-ES07018-17] NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 9 BP 872 EP 877 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QV027 UT WOS:A1995QV02700010 PM 7717364 ER PT J AU KULLMAN, GJ GREIFE, AL COSTELLO, J HEARL, FJ AF KULLMAN, GJ GREIFE, AL COSTELLO, J HEARL, FJ TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO FIBERS AND QUARTZ AT 19 CRUSHED STONE MINING AND MILLING OPERATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CRYSTALLINE SILICA; QUARTZ; CRUSHED STONE MINING; FIBERS; ASBESTOS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AB From 1979 to 1982, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a cross-sectional exposure assessment and mortality study of selected crushed stone facilities in the United States. This study was undertaken in part to address concerns that asbestos exposures could be occurring in some crushed stone operations due to the presence of amphibole and serpentine minerals. The investigation was also designed to characterize exposures to crystalline silica and other mineral compounds. Nineteen crushed stone operations, mining limestone, granite, or traprock were surveyed to assess exposures to respirable and total dusts, mineral compounds including crystalline silica, asbestos, and mineral fibers. At the initiation of the study, crushed stone operations were selected from a Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) listing of the active industry in 1978. With the exception of requiring inclusion of the traprock operation in Maryland where asbestos fibers were initially discovered, a stratified sample of operations was randomly selected by rock type (granite, limestone, traprock, or sandstone). However, because of reluctance or refusal of some companies to participate and because of the closures of some of the selected operations, replacements were randomly selected. Some replacement selections were likewise replaced due to lack of cooperation from the companies. The studied sample included only 10 of the 27 randomly selected operations in the original sample. Asbestos fibers were detected at one traprock facility, the Maryland operation where asbestos was originally found. Measured personal exposures to fibers exceeded the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for two out of 10 samples. All of the samples were below the MSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), which was in effect at the time of the survey. However, due to the presence of nonasbestos mineral fibers in the environment, it could not be stated with certainty that all of the fibers counted by phase contrast microscopy were asbestos. A variety of silicate mineral fibers (other than those classified by NIOSH as asbestos) were detected in the traprock operations and at one granite operation. Crystalline silica was detected at 17 of the 19 surveyed crushed stone operations. Overexposures to crystalline silica were measured at 16 of the crushed stone operations; approximately one in seven personal-respirable dust samples (14%) exceeded the MSHA PEL for crystalline silica. Approximately 25% of the respirable dust samples exceeded the NIOSH REL for crystalline silica. Mill operators and mill laborers consistently had the highest and most frequent overexposures to crystalline silica. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP KULLMAN, GJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,ENVIRONM INVEST BRANCH,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 641 EP 660 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270503 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU239 UT WOS:A1995QU23900002 PM 7611303 ER PT J AU UTTERBACK, DF RINSKY, RA AF UTTERBACK, DF RINSKY, RA TI BENZENE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN RUBBER HYDROCHLORIDE WORKERS - A CRITICAL-EVALUATION OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BENZENE; LEUKEMIA; RUBBER HYDROCHLORIDE; RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT ID LEUKEMIA; COHORT AB Many risk assessments for leukemia associated with benzene exposure have been based on the mortality experience of the rubber hydrochloride worker cohort. Although there have been several different historical exposure assessments proposed for this cohort, Paustenbach et al. [1992, J Tox Environ Health], recently published a new historical characterization of benzene exposures based on data previously developed by Rinsky et al. [1981, Am J Ind Med] and further modified by Crump and Allen [1984: OSHA]. Adjustments by Paustenbach et al. in the Rinsky et al. data result in retrospective benzene exposure estimates far greater than those previously reported, by an order of magnitude in many cases. Judgments made on the significance of dermal contact and interpretation of historical measurement data led Paustenbach et al. to arrive at exposure estimates for this cohort that are in conflict with what is known about the adverse effects of benzene exposure. More reasonable estimates for dermal absorption are included in this report that do not substantially affect total estimates of benzene exposure for the cohort. The exposure estimates originally presented in the Rinsky et al. article appear in concordance with data not previously reported in any analyses. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP UTTERBACK, DF (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 661 EP 676 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270504 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU239 UT WOS:A1995QU23900003 PM 7611304 ER PT J AU SCHNORR, TM STEENLAND, K THUN, MJ RINSKY, RA AF SCHNORR, TM STEENLAND, K THUN, MJ RINSKY, RA TI MORTALITY IN A COHORT OF ANTIMONY SMELTER WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ANTIMONY; HEART DISEASE; LUNG CANCER; MORTALITY; MINORITIES; HISPANICS ID NON-HISPANIC WHITES; TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; DISEASE; MODELS AB Animal studies show that antimony may cause lung cancer and heart and lung disease in rodents. In exposed humans, ECG abnormalities and heart and lung disease have been reported. This mortality study of 1,014 men employed between 1937 and 1971 in a Texas antimony smelter consisted primarily of workers of Spanish ancestry (n = 928, 91.5%). Hispanics are known to smoke at much lower rates than non-Hispanics, and their lung cancer and heart disease mortality is generally low. When ethnic-specific Texas lung cancer death rates were used for comparison, mortality from lung cancer among antimony workers was elevated (SMR) 1.39, 90% CI 1.01-1.88), and we observed a significant positive trend in mortality with increasing duration of employment. When ischemic heart disease death rates from three different Spanish-surnamed populations were used for comparison, the rate ratios for mortality from ischemic heart disease were 0.91 (90% CI 0.84-1.09), 1.22 (90% CI 0.78-1.89), and 1.49 (90% CI 0.84-2.63). Pneumoconiosis/ other lung disease death rates for Spanish-surnamed men were unavailable and so calculation of rate ratios used white males as a comparison population (SMR 1.22; 90% CI 0.80-1.8O). These data suggest some increased mortality from lung cancer and perhaps nonmalignant respiratory heart disease in workers exposed to antimony. However, conclusions are limited by possible confounders and the difficulty of identifying appropriate referent groups. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP SCHNORR, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 759 EP 770 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270510 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU239 UT WOS:A1995QU23900009 PM 7611310 ER PT J AU DANNENBERG, AL CARTER, DM LAWSON, HW ASHTON, DM DORFMAN, SF GRAHAM, EH AF DANNENBERG, AL CARTER, DM LAWSON, HW ASHTON, DM DORFMAN, SF GRAHAM, EH TI HOMICIDE AND OTHER INJURIES AS CAUSES OF MATERNAL DEATH IN NEW-YORK-CITY, 1987 THROUGH 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MATERNAL MORTALITY; HOMICIDE; INJURY; PREGNANCY ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; VIOLENCE; ASCERTAINMENT; PREGNANCY; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVES: We attempted to document the role of homicide and other injuries as causes of maternal death and to compare the risk of fatal injury among pregnant women with that in the general population. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed New York City medical examiner records of 2331 women aged 15 to 44 years who died of injury in 1987 through 1991. Pregnancies were identified from autopsy information. RESULTS: A total of 115 (39%) of 293 deaths in currently or recently pregnant women were attributable to injury. These 115 deaths included homicide (63%), suicide (13%), motor vehicle crashes (12%), and drug overdoses (7%). Minority women were overrepresented among the injury deaths (black 53%, Hispanic 24%, white 19%). Recent substance use was documented in 48% of the injury deaths. Pregnancy was documented on only 35% of the 115 death certificates. The risk of fatal injury is similar for currently pregnant women and for women in the general population, except for an increased risk of homicide among pregnant black women. CONCLUSIONS: Homicide and other injuries are major contributors to maternal mortality and should be (but rarely are) included routinely in maternal mortality surveillance systems. Prenatal and postpartum clinic visits represent an ideal time to implement interventions to prevent injuries among pregnant women. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAMS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR MATERN SERV & FAMILY PLANNING,NEW YORK,NY. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY. RP DANNENBERG, AL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY PREVENT,624 N BROADWAY,ROOM 545,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU PHS HHS [R49/CCR302486] NR 25 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 172 IS 5 BP 1557 EP 1564 DI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90496-4 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QZ874 UT WOS:A1995QZ87400033 PM 7755071 ER PT J AU BAKER, EL TYLER, CW AF BAKER, EL TYLER, CW TI RESEARCH LINKAGES BETWEEN ACADEMIA AND PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE - CAN THEY BECOME A PRACTICAL REALITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 SU S BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA RE570 UT WOS:A1995RE57000009 PM 7669355 ER PT J AU LIANG, AP DYSINGER, WS RING, AR HERSEY, JC PARKINSON, M CATES, W AF LIANG, AP DYSINGER, WS RING, AR HERSEY, JC PARKINSON, M CATES, W TI PRACTICING PREVENTIVE MEDICINE - A NATIONAL SURVEY OF GENERAL PREVENTIVE MEDICINE RESIDENCY GRADUATES - UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We conducted a national survey of all physicians who graduated from preventive medicine residency (PMR) programs between 1979 and 1989. We mailed a self-administered questionnaire to all PMR graduates of the 43 U.S. programs in General Preventive Medicine and Public Health, requesting information on their current professional activities. Out of 1,070 PMR graduates, 797 (75%) responded to the survey. Overall, graduates were distinguished from other physicians by both work setting and work activities. PMR graduates worked predominantly in institutional settings: in federal or state health agencies, academia, or hospitals/clinics. In addition to maintaining their involvement in clinical medicine, PMR graduates were heavily involved in epidemiologic research and program management. This unique blend of organizational skills, expertise in population-based research, and clinical experience makes PMR graduates an increasingly important human resource as health care reform increases the population of patients being cared for in a managed care setting. RP LIANG, AP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA RD138 UT WOS:A1995RD13800001 PM 7662391 ER PT J AU GILES, WH CROFT, JB KEENAN, NL LANE, MJ WHEELER, FC AF GILES, WH CROFT, JB KEENAN, NL LANE, MJ WHEELER, FC TI THE VALIDITY OF SELF-REPORTED HYPERTENSION AND CORRELATES OF HYPERTENSION AWARENESS AMONG BLACKS AND WHITES WITHIN THE STROKE BELT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Hypertension surveillance activities increasingly are relying on information obtained by self-report. However, limited information is available concerning the validity of such data, especially among populations residing within the stroke belt. We used interview information and blood pressure measurements from the South Carolina Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Project to determine the validity of self-reported hypertension and the correlates of hypertension awareness among 2,210 whites and 704 blacks who participated in the program in 1987. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of self-reported hypertension were 79%, 91%, 76%, and 93% among white women; 82%, 88%, 79%, and 89% among black women; 62%, 91%, 75%, and 85% among white men; and 72%, 89%, 78%, and 85% among black men, respectively. Groups with highest sensitivity included women, persons older than age 39 years, and those who had seen a physician for preventive care within the last year. Correlates of hypertension awareness included an older age, visit to a physician for preventive care, and a family history of high blood pressure. Among hypertensive blacks, overweight persons were substantially more likely than nonoverweight persons to be aware of their hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 4.6, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.9, 10.7 in black women and OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 17.9 in black men). The validity of self-reported hypertension was relatively high in all race-sex groups. There is a need to increase hypertension awareness among hypertensive blacks who are not overweight. RP GILES, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MAILSTOP K-47,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA RD138 UT WOS:A1995RD13800005 PM 7662395 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW FUCHS, R CROFT, JB TEMPLE, SP WHEELER, FC AF HEATH, GW FUCHS, R CROFT, JB TEMPLE, SP WHEELER, FC TI CHANGES IN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AWARENESS - FINAL RESULTS FROM THE SOUTH-CAROLINA CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION PROJECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We examined changes in five indicators of blood cholesterol awareness in two comparable biracial communities in South Carolina. One community received three years of cholesterol education and intervention activities implemented by a state health department and the other served as a comparison. Cross-sectional, inter viewer-administered, random digit-dialed telephone surveys of 11,070 adults 18 years and older were conducted in 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1991. Changes in community levels of knowledge, preventive behavior, risk awareness, and treatment were assessed and compared between the two communities with analysis of covariance techniques that adjusted for age, race, and sex. Significant increases in knowledge, behavior, and risk awareness were observed for most groups defined by race, sex, or age in both communities. Significant net intervention increases between 1987 and 1991 were seen for knowledge of good cholesterol level (+16.4%, P <.001); behavioral action of ever having blood cholesterol checked (+18.6%, P <.001); and knowledge of personal level of blood cholesterol (+16.0%, P <.01). These results suggest that a community-wide blood cholesterol screening and education program can be effective in increasing blood cholesterol knowledge, risk awareness, and preventive behavior, thus serving as part of a public health strategy to lower and treat high blood cholesterol levels in a community. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU402234] NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 190 EP 196 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA RD138 UT WOS:A1995RD13800009 PM 7662399 ER PT J AU MARQUETTE, CM KOONIN, LM ANTARSH, L GARGIULLO, PM SMITH, JC AF MARQUETTE, CM KOONIN, LM ANTARSH, L GARGIULLO, PM SMITH, JC TI VASECTOMY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; FEMALE STERILIZATION; COHORT; MEN; PHYSICIANS AB Objectives. Recent conflicting findings on possible health risks related to vasectomy have underscored the need for reliable and representative estimates of numbers and rates of vasectomies in the United States. The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual US number, rate, and characteristics of vasectomies in 1991. Methods. A national survey of urology, general surgery, and family practice physician practices was conducted with probability sampling methods (n = 1685 physicians). Results. An estimated 493 487 (95% confidence interval = 450 480, 536 494) vasectomies were performed in 1991, for a rate of 10.3 procedures per 1000 men aged 25 through 49 years. Most vasectomies were performed by urologists, and most were done in physicians' offices with local anesthesia and ligation as the method of occlusion. The rate of vasectomies was highest in the Midwest. Conclusions. This survey provides the first national estimates of the number and rate of vasectomies in the United States, as well as the first estimates of occlusion method used. Results confirm previous findings that urologists perform most vasectomies and that most vasectomies are performed with local anesthesia. Recommendations include the monitoring of vasectomy numbers and rates as well as demographic studies of men obtaining vasectomies. C1 AVSC INT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 644 EP 649 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.644 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900009 PM 7733423 ER PT J AU BYERS, T MULLIS, R ANDERSON, J DUSENBURY, L GORSKY, R KIMBER, C KRUEGER, K KUESTER, S MOKDAD, A PERRY, G SMITH, CA AF BYERS, T MULLIS, R ANDERSON, J DUSENBURY, L GORSKY, R KIMBER, C KRUEGER, K KUESTER, S MOKDAD, A PERRY, G SMITH, CA TI THE COSTS AND EFFECTS OF A NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION-PROGRAM FOLLOWING WORK-SITE CHOLESTEROL SCREENING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; HEALTH; REDUCTION; BENEFITS; PROJECT AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the costs and impact of a nutrition education program following a cholesterol screening. Methods. Forty work-sites were randomly assigned to one of two educational interventions: a ''usual'' intervention of 5 minutes of counseling, or a ''special'' intervention of 2 hours of behaviorally based education on dietary changes to lower serum cholesterol. Costs were monitored, and cholesterol levels were retested 5 and 12 months later. Results. The total per-person cost for screening and the educational intervention was about $50. Cholesterol levels differed little between the two intervention groups 6 months after screening, but after 12 months those in the special intervention worksites showed a 6.5% drop in cholesterol, whereas those at the usual intervention worksites showed a drop of only 3.0%. Hence a 3.5% cholesterol reduction was attributable to the special intervention. Conclusions. A behaviorally based nutrition education program following cholesterol screening can have a meaningful impact on longterm cholesterol levels at a low cost. Nutrition education in work-sites may therefore be a useful way to lower the risk of heart disease in communities. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DURHAM,NH 03824. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 650 EP 655 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.650 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900010 PM 7733424 ER PT J AU BLANK, S SCANLON, KS SINKS, TH LETT, S FALK, H AF BLANK, S SCANLON, KS SINKS, TH LETT, S FALK, H TI AN OUTBREAK OF HYPERVITAMINOSIS-D ASSOCIATED WITH THE OVERFORTIFICATION OF MILK FROM A HOME-DELIVERY DAIRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HYPERCALCEMIA AB Objectives. The purpose of the study was to identify cases of hypervitaminosis D caused by the inadvertent overfortification of milk from a home-delivery dairy and to identify risk factors for this illness. Methods. Hospital discharge, laboratory, and state health department data were used to define, identify, and describe cases of hypervitaminosis D diagnosed in the exposed communities between January 1, 1985, and June 30, 1991. To identify disease risk factors, community-based sex- and age-matched controls were used in a case-control study. Results. Of the 56 case patients identified, at least 41 were hospitalized; 2 died. The study included 33 case patients and 93 control subjects. Nineteen of the 33 case patients had been customers of the implicated dairy. Risk of illness rose with increasing consumption of the dairy's milk and was also associated with vitamin D supplement use, sunburn susceptibility, and cancer history. Accounting for these factors did not alter the association between drinking the dairy's milk and developing hypervitaminosis D. Conclusions. Overfortification of milk with vitamin D can lead to hypervitaminosis D, manifested by severe illness and death. The episode highlights the need for monitoring the fortification process and enforcing the upper limit for vitamin D addition to milk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02116. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 656 EP 659 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.656 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900011 PM 7733425 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, PZ BRACKBILL, RM HEATH, GW AF SIEGEL, PZ BRACKBILL, RM HEATH, GW TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF WALKING FOR EXERCISE - IMPLICATIONS FOR PROMOTING ACTIVITY AMONG SEDENTARY GROUPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; ADULT PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FITNESS; HEALTH; WOMEN; MORTALITY; MEN AB The relative contribution of walking to overall leisure-time physical activity participation rates was studied among respondents from the 45 states that participated in the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 81 557). The percent ages of low income, unemployed, and obese persons who engaged in leisure-time physical activity (range = 51.1% to 57.7%) were substantially lower than the percentage among the total adult population (70.3%). In contrast, the prevalence of walking for exercise among these sedentary groups (range = 32.5% to 35.9%) was similar to that among the total population (35.6%). Walking appears to be an acceptable, accessible exercise activity, especially among population subgroups with a low prevalence of leisure-time physical activity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SIEGEL, PZ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 38 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 706 EP 710 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.706 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900019 PM 7733433 ER PT J AU DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M MURPHY, CC DECOUFLE, P AF DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M MURPHY, CC DECOUFLE, P TI CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION AS A CAUSE OF HEARING-LOSS AMONG CHILDREN - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECT & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DREWS, CD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,1518 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 734 EP 735 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.734-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW839 UT WOS:A1995QW83900030 ER PT J AU CHOI, HW BREMAN, JG TEUTSCH, SM LIU, SM HIGHTOWER, AW SEXTON, JD AF CHOI, HW BREMAN, JG TEUTSCH, SM LIU, SM HIGHTOWER, AW SEXTON, JD TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDE-IMPREGNATED BED NETS IN REDUCING CASES OF MALARIA INFECTION - A METAANALYSIS OF PUBLISHED RESULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO-NETS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; PREVENT MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; BURKINA-FASO; BEDNETS; TRIAL; AREA; TRANSMISSION AB The use of insecticide-impregnated bed nets to minimize human-vector contact may reduce the incidence Consequently, several field trials have evaluated their effectiveness as a malaria prevention strategy. A meta-analysis of published reports of field trials that measured the incidence of infections was performed to provide a measure of the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets in preventing clinical malaria. Subsetted analyses were performed on the 10 field trials to calculate pooled incidence rate ratios of infection among the study groups. For the studies comparing insecticide-impregnated bed nets with untreated bed nets, the summary incidence rate ratio for acquiring malarial infections was 0.757 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.612-0.938), representing a reduction of 24%. For the studies comparing permethrin-impregnated bed nets with controls without bed nets, the summary incidence rate ratio was 0.497 (95% CI = 0.417-0.592) (Rothman-Boice heterogeneity statistics = 17.27 [P = 0.004] and 23.55 [P = 0.0003], respectively). These data suggest that insecticide-impregnated bed nets are effective in preventing malaria, decreasing the incidence rate ratio by approximately 50% in field trials performed to date. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHOI, HW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,OFF DIRECTOR,PREVENT EFFECTIVENESS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 35 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RB019 UT WOS:A1995RB01900001 PM 7771600 ER PT J AU KLEIN, RE WELLER, SC ZEISSIG, R RICHARDS, FO RUEBUSH, TK AF KLEIN, RE WELLER, SC ZEISSIG, R RICHARDS, FO RUEBUSH, TK TI KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES IN RELATION TO MALARIA TRANSMISSION AND VECTOR CONTROL IN GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED BED NETS; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; PERMETHRIN AB As part of an effort to involve community members in malaria control activities, we studied knowledge, beliefs, and practices of residents of both the Pacific coastal plain and northeastern Guatemala related to malaria transmission and Anopheles albimanus control. Most residents recognized the role of mosquitoes in malaria transmission, but few knew how mosquitoes acquired their infections or understood the risk of having an untreated person in their midst. If this were more widely known, residents might put greater pressure on infected patients to seek timely and appropriate antimalarial treatment. Seventy-three percent of families owned one or more bed nets; however, even though most informants believed that bed nets help protect against malaria, the major reason for using them was to prevent nuisance mosquito bites. It is concluded that efforts should be made to promote bed net use by seeking ways to make them more affordable and by emphasizing their effectiveness as a barrier to nuisance mosquitoes. Although residents have a very positive opinion of the National Malaria Service spray teams, it is proposed that cooperation might be improved if malaria workers would emphasize the fact that house spraying reduces the numbers of nuisance mosquitoes and other pest insects, rather than focusing solely on malaria prevention, which most informants believed was less important. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding community beliefs and practices when planning or evaluating vector control activities. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS F22,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV VALLE GUATEMALA,CTR HLTH STUDIES,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,DIV SOCIOMED SCI,GALVESTON,TX 77550. MINIST SALUD PUBL & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,DIV MALARIA,SERV NACL ERRADICAC MALARIA,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 20 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RB019 UT WOS:A1995RB01900002 PM 7771601 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE KREBS, JW KSIAZEK, TG MAUPIN, GO GAGE, KL ROLLIN, PE ZEITZ, PS SARISKY, J ENSCORE, RE BUTLER, JC CHEEK, JE GLASS, GE PETERS, CJ AF CHILDS, JE KREBS, JW KSIAZEK, TG MAUPIN, GO GAGE, KL ROLLIN, PE ZEITZ, PS SARISKY, J ENSCORE, RE BUTLER, JC CHEEK, JE GLASS, GE PETERS, CJ TI A HOUSEHOLD-BASED, CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB During an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States, trained environmental assessment teams conducted surveys at 17 case-patient homes and matched controls from June through August 1993. Variables related to rodent abundance were quantified and standardized rodent trapping was conducted around and within households. The majority of households were located in pinon-juniper vegetation zones, and there were no significant differences in the type of house in which cases and controls lived. The only environmental factor that distinguished case households from controls was significantly higher small rodent densities (median trap success for case sites = 17.3%, 12.7% for near controls, and 8.3% for far controls). Frequency of hantaviral infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did not vary significantly among households of cases and controls, with a range of 27.5-32.5% antibody-positive. Indices of rodent fecal contamination were slightly higher in case houses. The data indicate that higher rodent densities were associated with households in which HPS cases occurred. Strategies that control rodent numbers and decrease rodent access to dwellings may reduce risk of human infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. OFF ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN, NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV, WINDOW ROCK, AZ 86515 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. INDIAN HLTH SERV HEADQUARTERS W, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87110 USA. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; OI Zeitz, Paul/0000-0002-0865-088X NR 18 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RB019 UT WOS:A1995RB01900004 PM 7771603 ER PT J AU DALTON, MJ CLARKE, MJ HOLMAN, RC KREBS, JW FISHBEIN, DB OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE AF DALTON, MJ CLARKE, MJ HOLMAN, RC KREBS, JW FISHBEIN, DB OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE TI NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE FOR ROCKY-MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER, 1981-1992 - EPIDEMIOLOGIC SUMMARY AND EVALUATION OF RISK-FACTORS FOR FATAL OUTCOME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII AB Between 1981 and 1992, the Centers for Disease Control collected and summarized 9,223 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) reported from 46 states. Four states (North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and South Carolina) accounted for 48% of the reports. The annual incidence per million U.S. population decreased from a high in 1981 of 5.2 to a low in 1992 of 2.0, primarily due to decreased incidence in the southeast. Case report forms were filed on 7,650 patients, of whom 4,217 had laboratory-confirmed RMSE The age group with the highest incidence was those 5-9 years of age. Most cases (90.0%) occurred between April 1 and September 30 and included a history of tick attachment (59.6%). Reported symptoms included fever (94.0%), headache (86.2%), myalgia (82.5%), and rash (80.2%). The case-fatality ratio was 4.0%. Risk factors associated with death included older age, delay in treatment or no treatment, and treatment with chloramphenicol (compared with tetracycline); however, insufficient data existed to fully assess the confounding effect of severity of illness on antibiotic choice. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,INT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BIOMETR ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 42 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 52 IS 5 BP 405 EP 413 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RB019 UT WOS:A1995RB01900007 PM 7771606 ER PT J AU ROBERT, LM CHAMBERLAND, ME CLEVELAND, JL MARCUS, R GOOCH, BF SRIVASTAVA, PU CULVER, DH JAFFE, HW MARIANOS, DW PANLILIO, AL BELL, DM AF ROBERT, LM CHAMBERLAND, ME CLEVELAND, JL MARCUS, R GOOCH, BF SRIVASTAVA, PU CULVER, DH JAFFE, HW MARIANOS, DW PANLILIO, AL BELL, DM TI INVESTIGATIONS OF PATIENTS OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS INFECTED WITH HIV - THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL AND PREVENTION DATABASE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HEALTH PERSONNEL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, PROFESSIONAL-TO-PATIENT; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; RISK ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LOOK-BACK; TRANSMISSION; SURGEON; DENTISTS; ABSENCE; RISK AB Objective: To assess the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an infected health care worker to patients. Design: Survey of investigators from health departments, hospitals, and other agencies who had elected to notify patients who had received care from health care workers infected with HIV. Measurements: Information was collected about infected health care workers, their work practices, their patients' HIV test results, procedures that they did on those of their patients who were tested for HIV, and patient notification procedures. Results: As of 1 January 1995, information about investigations of 64 health care workers infected with HIV was reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HIV test results were available for approximately 22 171 patients of 51 of the 64 health care workers. For 37 of the 51 workers, no seropositive patients were reported among 13 063 patients tested for HIV. For the remaining 14 health care workers, 113 seropositive patients were reported among 9108 patients. Epidemiologic and laboratory follow-up did not show any health care worker to have been a source of HIV for any of the patients tested. Conclusion: Despite limitations, these data are consistent with previous assessments that state that the risk for transmission of HIV from a health care worker to a patient is very small. These data also support current recommendations that state that retrospective patient notification need not be done routinely. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ROBERT, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-68,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 9 BP 653 EP 657 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QV151 UT WOS:A1995QV15100002 PM 7702226 ER PT J AU WHITE, MC JOHNSON, CA ASHLEY, DL BUCHTA, TM PELLETIER, DJ AF WHITE, MC JOHNSON, CA ASHLEY, DL BUCHTA, TM PELLETIER, DJ TI EXPOSURE TO METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER FROM OXYGENATED GASOLINE IN STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB In 1993, state health officials in Connecticut invited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assist in an investigation of exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether in oxygenated gasoline in Stamford, Connecticut. Venous blood samples were collected from 14 commuters and from 30 other persons who worked in the vicinity of traffic or automobiles, and the samples were analyzed for methyl tertiary-butyl ether, tertiary-butyl alcohol, benzene, m-/p-xylene, o-xylene, and toluene. The highest levels of methyl tertiary-butyl ether in blood were measured among gasoline service station attendants (median = 15 mu g/l, range = 7.6-28.9 mu g/l). Blood levels of methyl tertiary-butyl ether were highly variable among persons who worked in car-repair shops (median = 1.73 mu g/l, range 0.17-36.7 mu g/l) and were generally lowest among commuters (median = 0.11 mu g/l, range = < 0.05-2.60 mu g/l). Blood levels of methyl tertiary-butyl ether were correlated strongly with personal-breathing-zone samples of methyl tertiary-butyl ether and blood levels of other volatile organic compounds. This exposure information should prove useful to a future risk analysis of this high-volume chemical. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH. STATE CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & OCCUPAT HLTH,HARTFORD,CT. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RL502 UT WOS:A1995RL50200001 PM 7618951 ER PT J AU WALKER, B AF WALKER, B TI UNTITLED SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP WALKER, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,BOARD SCI COUNSELORS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 50 IS 3 BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RL502 UT WOS:A1995RL50200012 PM 7618960 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA ABOUELELLA, A WILCOX, CM GORELKIN, L VISVESVARA, GS THOMPSON, SE WEBER, R BRYAN, RT AF SCHWARTZ, DA ABOUELELLA, A WILCOX, CM GORELKIN, L VISVESVARA, GS THOMPSON, SE WEBER, R BRYAN, RT TI THE PRESENCE OF ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI SPORES IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA OF SMALL-BOWEL BIOPSIES WITH NO EVIDENCE OF DISSEMINATED MICROSPORIDIOSIS SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; AIDS PATIENTS; DIARRHEA; FEATURES; CHOLANGITIS; PULMONARY AB Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently reported microsporidial infection of humans. In patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Enterocytozoon infects the lining epithelial cells of the small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, and gallbladder. Because Enterocytozoon has been thought to be limited to infecting lining epithelial cells, the mechanism of spread of E bieneusi within the intestine, to the biliary tract, and, in two case reports, to distant organs remains unknown. This report describes a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and intestinal microsporidiosis due to E bieneusi. Histopathologic examination of well-oriented biopsies from the duodenum and jejunum revealed both intra- and extracellular spores of Enterocytozoon extending deeply into the lamina propria, where they were located adjacent to capillaries. The patient has not developed disseminated disease 20 months after the initial diagnosis. In this patient, the demonstration of E bieneusi spores in extraepithelial tissues does not appear to be associated with development of subsequent systemic infection. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SCI RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV ZURICH HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 119 IS 5 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA QX384 UT WOS:A1995QX38400012 PM 7748069 ER PT J AU SWEENEY, P LINDEGREN, ML BUEHLER, JW ONORATO, IM JANSSEN, RS AF SWEENEY, P LINDEGREN, ML BUEHLER, JW ONORATO, IM JANSSEN, RS TI TEENAGERS AT RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION - RESULTS FROM SEROPREVALENCE SURVEYS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; AIDS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; TRENDS AB Objective: To describe the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among teenagers attending selected clinics. Design: Anonymous, cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 130 clinics in 24 cities. Settings: Adolescent medicine clinics, sexually transmitted disease clinics, clinics in juvenile detention and correctional facilities, and homeless and runaway youth centers. Patients: Teenagers in whom serum samples were drawn as part of routine medical services. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of HIV-1 infection and reported HIV risk behaviors. Results: From January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1992, serum specimens were collected from 79802 teenagers; 591 of these specimens were positive for HIV-1 antibody. Seropositive test results were found in all 24 cities surveyed, and in 95 (73%) of the 130 clinics surveyed. The median clinic-specific prevalence was 0.2% (range, 0% to 1.4%) in 22 adolescent medicine clinics, 0.3% (range, 0% to 6.8%) in 33 correctional facilities, 0.5% (range, 0% to 3.5%) in 70 sexually transmitted disease clinics, and 1.1% (range, 0% to 4.1%) in five homeless youth centers. Rates exceeded 1% in 37 sites (28%). Excluding sites with many men reporting sex with men, rates in women were similar or somewhat higher than rates in men. Rates were highest among young men reporting sex with men, with clinic rates ranging from 16% to 17% in two homeless youth sites and 13% to 17% in two sexually transmitted disease clinics. Most teenagers with risk information reported heterosexual activity as their only potential risk exposure to HIV-1. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HIV was generally low but varied by type of clinic and geographic area. The highest rates were observed among young women and gay men in some settings, suggesting that targeted prevention messages are needed. RP SWEENEY, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP E-47, 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 EI 1538-3628 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 149 IS 5 BP 521 EP 528 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QW848 UT WOS:A1995QW84800006 PM 7735404 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, MR DAUGHERTY, J REED, GW STANDAERT, SM HUTCHINS, SS HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W AF GRIFFIN, MR DAUGHERTY, J REED, GW STANDAERT, SM HUTCHINS, SS HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W TI IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG INFANTS ENROLLED IN THE TENNESSEE MEDICAID PROGRAM SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN AB Objectives: To determine immunization coverage of infants receiving Medicaid in Tennessee and to identify risk factors for failure to complete recommended vaccinations by 24 months of age. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Subjects: A total of 33615 children born in one of three urban Tennessee counties from 1980 through 1989 who were enrolled in Medicaid throughout their first 24 months of life. Main Outcome Measures: Receipt of four diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, three oral polio, and one measles-mumps-rubella vaccines by 24 months of age (up-to-date), as recorded in computerized county immunization records and Medicaid billing files. Results: Overall, 45% of infants enrolled in Medicaid in the three urban counties completed the recommended vaccinations by 24 months. The proportion of infants up-to-date peaked at 50% for those born in 1982 and 1983, and decreased to 44% for those born in 1989. The only strong independent predictors of immunization completion were number of prior births for the mother, timing of the first immunization, and county of birth. The proportion up-to-date tvas 56% for first-born children compared with 27% for those whose mothers had at least three prior births; 55% for those whose first immunization was on time compared with 22% for those with a delay in the first immunization; and 63%, 52%, and 37% for infants born in the three respective counties. Maternal age, education, race, and marital status predicted immunization completeness only weakly or not at all. Conclusion: Of infants born in the three counties in the 1980s who were enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program, fewer than half completed their recommended childhood-vaccinations by 24 months of age. The large differences in immunization levels between infants enrolled in the Medicaid program in the three counties, not accounted for by differences in demographics, suggest that factors related to the health care and vaccine delivery system have important effects on achieving adequate immunization of these infants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH COMMUNICABLE DIS,NASHVILLE,TN. RP GRIFFIN, MR (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,A-1124 MCN,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-U-000073] NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 149 IS 5 BP 559 EP 564 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QW848 UT WOS:A1995QW84800019 PM 7735413 ER PT J AU KALATOOR, S GRINSHPUN, SA WILLEKE, K AF KALATOOR, S GRINSHPUN, SA WILLEKE, K TI NEW AEROSOL SAMPLER WITH LOW WIND SENSITIVITY AND GOOD FILTER COLLECTION UNIFORMITY SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PERSONAL SAMPLER; PARTICLE LOSSES; PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING EFFICIENCY; INLET ID AIRBORNE TOTAL DUST; EFFICIENCY; CASSETTES; ASPIRATION; WORKPLACES AB The overall sampling efficiency of many aerosol samplers is sensitive to wind velocity and direction. In addition, most samplers have internal losses due to gravitational settling, electrostatic interactions, and internal turbulence. A new sampling inlet has been designed to reduce these problems. The flow patterns over the new prototype sampler were visualized in a horizontal wind tunnel. Visualization of the streamlines over the new sampler and limiting-streamline quantitative analysis showed negligible turbulence effects due to the inlet's geometry. The overall sampling efficiency of the prototype sampler was compared to that of a 25 mm closed-face cassette. Uranine was used as the challenge aerosol with particle physical diameters of 13.5, 20 and 30 mum. The wind velocity ranged from 100 to 300 cm s-1. Evaluation of the data showed the new sampler to be less significantly affected by wind direction and magnitude. The particle distribution observed on the sampler's filter was found to be reasonably uniform, an advantage for several types of analyses. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,AEROSOL RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOHS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1105 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00044-Y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RE359 UT WOS:A1995RE35900004 ER PT J AU KANG, DH ROTHMAN, N POIRIER, MC GREENBERG, A HSU, CH SCHWARTZ, BS BASER, ME GROOPMAN, JD WESTON, A STRICKLAND, PT AF KANG, DH ROTHMAN, N POIRIER, MC GREENBERG, A HSU, CH SCHWARTZ, BS BASER, ME GROOPMAN, JD WESTON, A STRICKLAND, PT TI INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF 1-HYDROXYPYRENE-GLUCURONIDE IN URINE AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS IN PERIPHERAL WHITE BLOOD-CELLS AFTER CHARBROILED BEEF CONSUMPTION SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID COKE-OVEN WORKERS; HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; BENZOPYRENE DIOL EPOXIDE; FOUNDRY WORKERS; METABOLITES; LYMPHOCYTES; ENZYMES; BENZO(A)PYRENE; CARCINOGENESIS; ANTIBODIES AB Biological markers of internal dose and macromolecular dose from PAHs provide a potential means of assessing environmental exposure to PAHs through inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption, In this study we examined the time course and interindividual variation of 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OHP-gluc) excretion in urine and PAH-DNA adduct formation in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) after charbroiled (CB) beef consumption, As a marker of internal dose, 1-OHP-gluc was measured in human urine using immunoaffinity chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, PAH-DNA adducts were measured in WBCs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to assess macromolecular dose, Ten healthy non-smoking males consumed identical amounts of CB beef on five consecutive days, Multiple blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after the feeding period, The morning after the first day of CB beef consumption, individual urinary concentrations of 1-OHP-gluc increased 10- to 80-fold (range: 2.0-16.6 pmol/ml urine) above pre-feed baseline concentrations (0.23 +/- 0.11 pmol/ml) in the 10 subjects, 1-OHP-gluc concentration decreased to near baseline levels by 24-72 h after CB beef consumption ended, In contrast, PAH-DNA adducts in WBCs increased markedly in only four of 10 subjects during or after CB beef consumption, Significant interindividual variation was observed for both urinary 1-OHP-gluc concentration (P < 0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis) and PAH-DNA adduct levels (P < 0.005) during the feeding period, The mean urinary 1-OHP-gluc concentration for each subject during and immediately after (days 2-8) the feeding period was significantly correlated with their mean PAH-DNA adduct level in WBCs during the same time period (Spearman r = 0.79, P < 0.01), Evidence of segregation of the subjects into separate response groups based on level of urinary 1-OHP-gluc was observed, suggesting that discrete determinants may regulate the absorption, metabolism and/or excretion of ingested pyrene. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,NEW YORK,NY. RP KANG, DH (reprint author), NIOSH,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Kang, Dae Hee/E-8631-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01-ES06052, P30-ES03819] NR 48 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD MAY PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1085 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.5.1079 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QZ456 UT WOS:A1995QZ45600015 PM 7767968 ER PT J AU TORAASON, M WEY, H WOOLERY, M PLEWS, P HOFFMANN, P AF TORAASON, M WEY, H WOOLERY, M PLEWS, P HOFFMANN, P TI ARACHIDONIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ENHANCES HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE INDUCED OXIDATIVE INJURY OF NEONATAL RAT CARDIAC MYOCYTES SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CARDIOMYOCYTE; ARACHIDONIC ACID; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE INJURY; PEROXIDATION; FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANTS; ASPIRIN ID FATTY-ACIDS; PHOSPHOLIPID-METABOLISM; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS; MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; FREE-RADICALS; INHIBITION; DEPLETION; TOXICITY AB Objective: Selective fatty acid supplementation of non-myocardial cells has been reported to enhance oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to extend this research by determining if supplementation of isolated cardiac myocytes with arachidonic acid increases myocyte sensitivity to H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. Methods: Myocytes were supplemented with arachidonic acid by complexing it with calf serum and adding it to myocytes at a final concentration of 0, 50, or 100 mu M for 36 h. Myocytes were then exposed to 50 or 100 mu M H2O2 for 1 h and Lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity were assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lactate dehydrogenase release into culture medium. To determine if unesterified arachidonic acid contributed to oxidative injury, 100 mu M arachidonic acid was added directly to cultured myocytes in serum-free buffer. Vitamin E and desferrioxamine were assessed for their ability to protect against oxidative injury induced by unesterified arachidonic acid or H2O2. Results: Supplementation with 100 mu M arachidonic acid for 36 h increased the arachidonic acid content of phospholipids from 0.58(SD 0.06) to 0.90(0.19) nmol . nmol(-1) lipid phosphorus. A 1 h exposure to H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner. Pretreatment of myocytes with 10 mu M vitamin E or 1 mM desferrioxamine prevented H2O2 induced effects. Arachidonic acid supplementation at 50 or 100 mu M significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation induced by 100 mu M H2O2, whereas cytotoxicity was increased only in myocytes supplemented with 100 mu M arachidonic acid. Addition of unesterified arachidonic acid directly to cultured myocytes caused marked cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation which were prevented by vitamin E or desferrioxamine. Conclusions: Arachidonic acid supplementation of cardiac myocytes modifies fatty acid content of phospholipids and enhances the susceptibility of myocytes to H2O2 induced oxidative injury. C1 STERLING WINTHROP,F-21602 LONGVIC,FRANCE. RP TORAASON, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6363 J9 CARDIOVASC RES JI Cardiovasc. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 29 IS 5 BP 624 EP 628 DI 10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88631-7 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QY084 UT WOS:A1995QY08400006 PM 7606749 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB AF DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB TI INFECTION WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II RESULTS IN ALTERATIONS OF CELLULAR RECEPTORS, INCLUDING THE UP-MODULATION OF T-CELL COUNTERRECEPTORS CD40, CD54, AND CD80 (B7-1) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; HTLV-I; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; LEUKEMIA; LINES; LYMPHOCYTES; ADHESION; SURFACE; DISEASE AB To examine the phenotypic alterations associated with human T-lymphotropic virus types I and LI (HTLV-I and -II) infection, long-term cell lines (n = 12 HTLV-I cell lines; n = 11 HTLV-LI cell lines; n = 6 virus-negative cell lines) were analyzed for the cell surface expression of various lineage markers (i.e., myeloid, progenitor, and leukocyte), integrin receptors, and receptor-counterreceptor (R-CR) pairs responsible for cellular activation. As expected, all cell lines expressed the markers characterizing the leukocyte lineage (CD43, CD44, and CD53). Of the progenitor myeloid markers examined (CD9, CD13, CD33, CD34, and CD63), only the percent expression of CD9 was significantly increased on HTLV-I and -II-infected cell lines as compared with that on virus-negative cell lines. Analysis of the beta 1 integrin subfamily (CD29, CD49b, CD49d, CD49e, and CD49f) showed no significant change, except that CD49e was significantly decreased on the HTLV-infected cell lines. For the beta 2 integrin subfamily, the cell surface density was increased for CD18 and CD11a, while the CD11c molecule was expressed exclusively on the HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cell lines. Analysis of several R-CR pairs (CD2-CD58, CD45RO-CD22, CD5-CD72, CD11a-CD54, gp39-CD40, and CD28-CD80) demonstrated that comparable levels of expression of the Rs (CD2, CD45RO, CD5, and CD28) and of some of the CRs (CD58, CD22, and CD72) were in all cell lines; however, CD54, CD40, and CD80 were expressed constitutively on the HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cell lines. Functionally, the expression of these R-CR pairs did not appear to affect the autologous proliferation, since monoclonal antibodies to these R-CR pairs were not able to inhibit proliferation of the infected cell lines. Taken together, our results indicate that HTLV-I and -II can modulate the expression of several T-cell activation molecules and CRs normally expressed on alternate cell types. RP DEZZUTTI, CS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 2 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QW749 UT WOS:A1995QW74900018 PM 7545080 ER PT J AU SCALIA, G HALONEN, PE CONDORELLI, F MATTILA, ML HIERHOLZER, JC AF SCALIA, G HALONEN, PE CONDORELLI, F MATTILA, ML HIERHOLZER, JC TI COMPARISON OF MONOCLONAL BIOTIN-AVIDIN ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AND MONOCLONAL TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY IN DETECTION OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS-ANTIGENS SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RESPIRATORY VIRUS; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; BIOTIN; NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE; MONOCLONAL ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL SPECIMENS; ADENOVIRUS ANTIGENS; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; VIRAL-ANTIGENS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AB Background: Detection of respiratory viruses by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies were developed in our laboratories in the late 1980s and they have been successfully used in daily diagnosis for more than seven years. Later, similar Biotin-EIAs were developed but the sensitivities were unsatisfactory. Objectives: Further optimization of monoclonal Biotin-EIAs and comparison of the optimized assays with TR-FIAs. Study design: Variations in test format, diluents, incubation times and temperatures, and different monoclonal antibodies were tested, and the final comparisons were made with TR-FIA using stored nasopharyngeal aspirates. Results: The improvements in Biotin-EIA featured four changes which increased sensitivity in the assay: (a) test diluent contained diethylenetriamino-pentaacetic acid; (b) antigen and biotinylated detector antibody were added simultaneously; (c) reaction time was extended from Ih at 37 degrees to overnight at 4 degrees C; (d) from the thirteen monoclonal antibodies used in TR-FIA, ten were optimal also in Biotin-EIA, but in the parainfluenza 1 and 2 assays other monoclonals proved more sensitive. Out of 257 originally positive specimens tested in the comparison studies, 192 (74.7%) were again positive and 54 (21.0%) were negative in both assays; nine were negative in TR-FIA but positive in Biotin-EIA, while two specimens were negative in Biotin-EIA but positive in TR-FIA. The overall agreement between the two assays was 95.7%. C1 UNIV TURKU,DEPT VIROL,SF-20520 TURKU,FINLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCALIA, G (reprint author), UNIV CATANIA,INST MICROBIOL,VIROL UNIT,VIA ANDRONE 81,I-95124 CATANIA,ITALY. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0197 J9 CLIN DIAGN VIROL JI Clin. Diagn. Virol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 3 IS 4 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1016/0928-0197(94)00050-5 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA RC051 UT WOS:A1995RC05100006 PM 15566816 ER PT J AU COOPER, GR AF COOPER, GR TI FRIEDEWALD FORMULA - REPLY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP F-20,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 5 BP 761 EP 761 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA QW210 UT WOS:A1995QW21000023 ER PT J AU BOONE, DJ STEINDEL, SJ AF BOONE, DJ STEINDEL, SJ TI CONDUCTING OUTCOMES RESEARCH - PAST EXPERIENCE AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CLIA 88; PROFICIENCY TESTING; QUALITY CONTROL AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was delegated authority to conduct the studies mandated in the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). Since that time, the CDC has been planning and implementing a research program, Evaluation of Quality of Laboratory Practices and Standards (EQLPS), aimed at demonstrating a clear linkage between patient outcome and laboratory practices and standards such as proficiency testing, quality assurance, and personnel standards. The goal of EQLPS is to improve the quality of laboratory medicine by providing a scientific and technical basis for laboratory practices and standards. In October 1995, the CDC will sponsor an Institute entitled ''Frontiers in Laboratory Practice Research,'' during which strategies for conducting laboratory practice research will be discussed. The Institute should help identify research strategies that will eventually provide the information necessary to develop appropriate practice guidelines for laboratory medicine. RP BOONE, DJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 5 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA QW210 UT WOS:A1995QW21000041 PM 7729069 ER PT J AU SISON, JP KEMPER, CA LOVELESS, M MCSHANE, D VISVESVARA, GS DERESINSKI, SC AF SISON, JP KEMPER, CA LOVELESS, M MCSHANE, D VISVESVARA, GS DERESINSKI, SC TI DISSEMINATED ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS - CASE-REPORTS AND REVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; KERATITIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; NAEGLERIA; 5-FLUOROCYTOSINE; FEATURES; IMMUNITY; INVITRO AB Acanthamoeba infection has been described as an opportunistic infection in persons with AIDS, We report two cases of patients with AIDS and acanthamoeba infection and review the manifestations of this protozoan infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, The diagnosis of this infection requires a high index of suspicion because the clinical and histologic manifestations may be confused with those of disseminated fungal or algal disease. Clinicians and laboratory personnel should be aware of this potentially fatal condition so that appropriate diagnostic studies can be performed and treatment can be urgently administered, Early initiation of therapy may alter the clinical outcome of the disease. C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305. SANTA CLARA VALLEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN JOSE,CA 95128. AIDS COMMUNITY RES CONSORTIUM,REDWOOD CITY,CA. URSUS MED GRP,REDWOOD CITY,CA. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 60 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1216 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QY771 UT WOS:A1995QY77100020 PM 7620001 ER PT J AU PLOUFFE, JF FILE, TM BREIMAN, RF HACKMAN, BA SALSTROM, SJ MARSTON, BJ FIELDS, BS BAIRD, IM BOLLIN, GE EMERICK, J FARKAS, SA FRANCIS, SJ GIANAKOPOULOS, G HERBERT, MT PARSONS, JN TAN, JS AF PLOUFFE, JF FILE, TM BREIMAN, RF HACKMAN, BA SALSTROM, SJ MARSTON, BJ FIELDS, BS BAIRD, IM BOLLIN, GE EMERICK, J FARKAS, SA FRANCIS, SJ GIANAKOPOULOS, G HERBERT, MT PARSONS, JN TAN, JS TI REEVALUATION OF THE DEFINITION OF LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE - USE OF THE URINARY ANTIGEN-ASSAY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUIDS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; PNEUMONIA; AMPLIFICATION; REACTIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; KIT AB Cases of Legionnaires' disease have been categorized as definitive and presumptive. The sensitivity and specificity of antibody titers of greater than or equal to 256 and of urinary antigen ratios of greater than or equal to 3 were evaluated in 68 patients with ''definitive'' Legionnaires' disease and in 636 patients with pneumonia who had negative cultures and did not have fourfold rises in titers of antibody to Legionella pneumtophila. An acute-phase antibody titer of greater than or equal to 256 did not discriminate between cases and noncases (10% vs. 6%; P =.29). The urinary antigen assay gave a positive result in fewer than 1% of noncases but was positive in 55.9% of all cases. This assay was most sensitive (80%) in cases in which L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated. We propose that the case definition for definitive Legionnaires' disease be expanded to include positive urinary antigen assays and that the category of presumptive Legionnaires' disease-based on acute-phase or standing antibody titers of greater than or equal to 256 in the nonoutbreak setting-be discarded. The urinary antigen assay will be a valuable tool in the prompt diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. C1 AKRON CITY HOSP,ST THOMAS HOSP,SUMMA HLTH SYST,AKRON,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PLOUFFE, JF (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,MED CTR,N1135 DOAN HALL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 28 TC 124 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1286 EP 1291 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QY771 UT WOS:A1995QY77100031 PM 7620012 ER PT J AU WILSON, GJ TALKINGTON, DF GRUBER, W EDWARDS, K DERMODY, TS AF WILSON, GJ TALKINGTON, DF GRUBER, W EDWARDS, K DERMODY, TS TI GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL NECROTIZING FASCIITIS FOLLOWING VARICELLA IN CHILDREN - CASE-REPORTS AND REVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; M-PROTEIN; INFECTIONS; PYOGENES; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION AB We report four cases of necrotizing fasciitis that occurred following varicella in children ranging in age from 2 to 8 years, The only organism isolated from each of these patients was Streptococcus pyogenes or group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS), Each child recovered; however, three required repeated surgical debridements in addition to therapy with antibiotics, An interesting finding in these patients was the development of hyponatremia and/or hypocalcemia, M-typing and T-typing of the isolates demonstrated that the GABHS strain in two children who attended the same school was M5; M1 and M3 strains were identified in the other two children, In addition to the children described in this series, eleven other cases of children with necrotizing fasciitis following varicella have been reported in the English-language literature since 1970, We believe that these cases provide further evidence that varicella is an important risk factor for necrotizing fasciitis that is caused by more-virulent strains of GABHS. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP WILSON, GJ (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,LAMB CTR PEDIAT RES,D7235 MCN,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. NR 57 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1338 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QY771 UT WOS:A1995QY77100039 PM 7620020 ER PT J AU MALARCHER, AM FORD, ES NELSON, DE CHRISMON, JH MOWERY, P MERRITT, RK HERMAN, WH AF MALARCHER, AM FORD, ES NELSON, DE CHRISMON, JH MOWERY, P MERRITT, RK HERMAN, WH TI TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND PHYSICIANS ADVICE TO QUIT SMOKING AMONG PEOPLE WITH DIABETES IN THE US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Note AB OBJECTIVE- This study describes changes in the distribution of cigarette smoking and in physicians' advice to quit smoking among the U.S. population with and without diabetes from the mid-1970s to 1990. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- Data on self-reported smoking status, physicians' advice to quit smoking, history of diabetes, and demographic characteristics were obtained from the 1974, 1985, and 1990 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined the age-adjusted prevalence of smoking and physicians' advice to quit smoking by race, sex, and educational level among individuals with diabetes and those without diabetes. RESULTS- The prevalence of smoking decreased 9.8 percentage points from 1974 to 1990 among individuals with diabetes (from 35.6 to 25.8%, P < 0.01) and 11.7 percentage points among those without diabetes (from 37.3 to 25.6%, P < 0.01). For all years, younger individuals, men, and people with less than a high school education were more likely to smoke, regardless of diabetes status. Among individuals who had ever smoked, those with diabetes were more likely to have received advice to quit than those without diabetes; from 1974 to 1990, the percentage advised to quit smoking by a physician increased from 35.1 to 58.4% for smokers with diabetes and from 26.8 to 46.0% for smokers without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS- Despite decreases in smoking prevalence over time, people with diabetes are still as likely to smoke as those without diabetes. More than 40% of smokers with diabetes currently report never having received advice from a physician to quit smoking. Health care providers should increase their efforts to reduce smoking among people with diabetes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,BATTELLE MEM INST,ATLANTA,GA. RP MALARCHER, AM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 1995 VL 18 IS 5 BP 694 EP 697 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.5.694 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QW299 UT WOS:A1995QW29900015 PM 8586010 ER PT J AU DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA HALLORAN, ME AF DEVINE, OJ LOUIS, TA HALLORAN, ME TI SIMPLER COMMON-SENSE METHODS MAY BE PREFERABLE TO EMPIRICAL BAYES - REPLY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP DEVINE, OJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 6 IS 3 BP 338 EP 338 DI 10.1097/00001648-199505000-00032 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU354 UT WOS:A1995QU35400032 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K DEDDENS, J SALVAN, A STAYNER, L AF STEENLAND, K DEDDENS, J SALVAN, A STAYNER, L TI HEALTHY WORKER EFFECT AND CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 6 IS 3 BP 339 EP 340 DI 10.1097/00001648-199505000-00035 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU354 UT WOS:A1995QU35400035 PM 7619952 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML DICKERSON, JW TSANG, VCW WALKER, EM OTTESEN, EA CHANDRASHEKAR, R WEIL, GJ TRPIS, M STROBERT, E CONSTANTINIDIS, I SWENSON, RB AF EBERHARD, ML DICKERSON, JW TSANG, VCW WALKER, EM OTTESEN, EA CHANDRASHEKAR, R WEIL, GJ TRPIS, M STROBERT, E CONSTANTINIDIS, I SWENSON, RB TI ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS - PARASITOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGIC RESPONSES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CHIMPANZEES AND MANGABEY MONKEYS SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS; NEMATODE; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION; PRIMATES; PAN TROGLODYTES; CERCOCEBUS ATYS; ANTIBODY RESPONSES; MICROFILADERMIA ID GUATEMALAN HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS; ANTIGENS; NODULES AB Six chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and six mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys) were inoculated with Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae (L3) of West African origin. Two chimpanzees each received 200, 300, or 400 L3, while three mangabeys each received either 50 or 250 L3. All six chimpanzees became microfilaria positive between 11 and 25 months postinoculation (PI), while two of the six mangabeys were skin-snip positive at 24 and 37 months PI, respectively. All chimpanzees developed antibodies to two native antigens of 14 and 22 kDa and to the recombinant antigens OV16, OC3.6, and OC9.3. Marked antibody responses were observed in the mangabey monkeys, and in general, the responses were similar to those observed in the chimpanzees. However, in the mangabeys, these responses did not generally manifest themselves until later in the infection. The results of this study suggest that in chimpanzees, the smallest inoculum used, 200 L3, was sufficient to initiate consistent infections that had parasitologic and immunologic parameters equivalent to animals inoculated with larger numbers of larvae. Similarly, inoculation of mangabey monkeys with small numbers of larvae appeared to be as likely to establish infection and induce immunologic responses as did inoculation of larger numbers of larvae. Microfilaria-positive chimpanzees and mangabey monkeys were examined by three conventional imaging techniques (X ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), but no adult worms or nodules could be identified in any animal. The detection of antibodies directed against both native and recombinant antigens suggests that certain of these responses might be useful for detecting early (prepatent) infections well before microfilariae appear in the skin and they might also be useful in detecting occult infections. The characterization of these responses in nonhuman primates provides a less complex system for interpreting the similar responses seen in humans living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. C1 NIH,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT VET SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,FREDERIK PHILIPS MAGNET RESONANCE RES CTR,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22488] NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 80 IS 3 BP 454 EP 462 DI 10.1006/expr.1995.1057 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA QX230 UT WOS:A1995QX23000010 PM 7729480 ER PT J AU HILLIS, SD NAKASHIMA, A AMSTERDAM, L PFISTER, J VAUGHN, M ADDISS, D MARCHBANKS, PA OWENS, LM DAVIS, JP AF HILLIS, SD NAKASHIMA, A AMSTERDAM, L PFISTER, J VAUGHN, M ADDISS, D MARCHBANKS, PA OWENS, LM DAVIS, JP TI THE IMPACT OF A COMPREHENSIVE CHLAMYDIA PREVENTION PROGRAM IN WISCONSIN SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CLINICS AB An analysis using case reports, laboratory records of tests for C, trachomatis, and Hospital Discharge Summary data shows that following implementation of a chlamydia prevention program in Wisconsin in 1985, statewide declines were observed in prevalence, incidence and complications of infection. In 1990, prevalence rates among teenage women peaked at 2,794 infections per 100,000 15-19-year-old females. Between 1987 and 1991 (a period of stable testing volume), the proportion of positive tests decreased in all age-groups for females (by 29-41%) and males (by 10-14%), and the incidence of new infections in women decreased in clinic populations by 27%-50%. Between 1986 and 1991, hospitalization rates declined by 33% for pelvic inflammatory disease and by 20% for ectopic pregnancy. C1 US BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,CTR HLTH STAT,MADISON,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HILLIS, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.2307/2136107 PG 4 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA RB551 UT WOS:A1995RB55100002 PM 7672100 ER PT J AU BERTOLLI, J CALDWELL, B LINDEGREN, ML SIMONDS, RJ AF BERTOLLI, J CALDWELL, B LINDEGREN, ML SIMONDS, RJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV DISEASE IN CHILDREN SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDBEARING WOMEN; SEXUAL ABUSE; INFECTION AB The impact of HIV infection on the health of American children is increasing, and minority children in certain urban areas are disproportionately affected. Because almost 90% of cumulative pediatric AIDS cases and virtually all new pediatric HIV infections are attributable to perinatal transmission, the HIV/AIDS epidemic in children reflects that in women of childbearing age. A promising new intervention to reduce perinatal HIV infection is now available, but how the intervention will be translated into routine clinical practice is still uncertain. To maximize the public health impact of prevention strategies, implementation of the recommended interventions should be combined with early identification of HN infection among women of childbearing age. RP BERTOLLI, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 15 IS 2 BP 193 EP 204 PG 12 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA QY656 UT WOS:A1995QY65600003 ER PT J AU AGERTON, TB MAHONEY, FJ POLISH, LB SHAPIRO, CN AF AGERTON, TB MAHONEY, FJ POLISH, LB SHAPIRO, CN TI IMPACT OF THE BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD ON VACCINATION OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS WITH HEPATITIS-B VACCINE SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; RISK; ACCEPTANCE; INFECTION AB OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations on the vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs), to assess interpretation of these regulations, and to evaluate changes in hospital vaccination policies. DESIGN: Between June 1, 1992, and August 15, 1992, a telephone survey was conducted among 150 hospitals selected randomly from participants in the American Hospital Association 1991 annual survey. RESULTS: Of the 150 hospitals, 96 (64%) provided information on hepatitis B vaccination coverage of their employees. Of the 103,419 employees in these hospitals, 77,302 (75%) were eligible to receive the hepatitis B vaccine, and 38,850 (51%) of these were vaccinated completely (had received 3 doses of vaccine). Poll owing issuance of the final regulations, 73% of hospitals reported greater employee acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine, and hospitals were more likely to offer hepatitis B vaccine to maintenance workers, security personnel, dietary staff and clerical personnel. Seventy-five hospitals (50%) reported conducting postvaccination serologic testing on all hospital employees, 12 (8%) as a result of OSHA regulations. Twenty-three hospitals (16%) reported administering routine booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 3, 5, or 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: The new OSHA standard resulted in a greater awareness of risk for HBV infection among HCWs and an increase in the number of HCWs receiving hepatitis B vaccine; however, vaccination coverage remained suboptimal. Postvaccination serologic testing of employees with negligible risk and the routine administration of vaccine booster doses may be diverting resources and preventing comprehensive coverage of high-risk employees. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NYU,DIV NURSING,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV S FLORIDA,SCH PUBL HLTH,TAMPA,FL. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QX708 UT WOS:A1995QX70800014 PM 7657977 ER PT J AU SCHECKLER, WE GAYNES, R GROSS, P HIERHOLZER, W WEINSTEIN, RA BAKER, O BRYAN, J LEE, T RHINEHART, E LEE, JT AF SCHECKLER, WE GAYNES, R GROSS, P HIERHOLZER, W WEINSTEIN, RA BAKER, O BRYAN, J LEE, T RHINEHART, E LEE, JT TI AN APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE OUTCOME OF CARE IN HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS, WITH A FOCUS ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION INDICATORS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CDC DEFINITIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; SYSTEM; INDEX AB The Quality Indicator Study Group was created by the governing boards of three national professional organizations that have interest and experience in epidemiology, nosocomial infection control and prevention, and quality of care improvement. The Study Group has reviewed the existing literature concerning quality indicators (QIs), interviewed experts in the field, and focused on how best to evaluate such indicators, with an emphasis on nosocomial infection indicators as a paradigm for all QIs. In this report, we review pertinent issues and, where possible, provide specific advice on how to evaluate QIs and QI systems. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HACKENSACK MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. COOK CTY HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612. SOC HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOL AMER,QUAL INDICATOR STUDY GRP,WOODBURY,NJ 08096. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 16 IS 5 BP 308 EP 316 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QX708 UT WOS:A1995QX70800019 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JC ZAKI, SR KHABBAZ, RF PETERS, CJ AF BUTLER, JC ZAKI, SR KHABBAZ, RF PETERS, CJ TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; VIRUS; MANIFESTATIONS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; MODE; RISK RP BUTLER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1097/00019048-199505000-00011 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RA955 UT WOS:A1995RA95500007 ER PT J AU VLAHOV, D KHABBAZ, RF COHN, S GALAI, N TAYLOR, E KAPLAN, JE AF VLAHOV, D KHABBAZ, RF COHN, S GALAI, N TAYLOR, E KAPLAN, JE TI INCIDENCE AND RISK-FACTORS FOR HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II SEROCONVERSION AMONG INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, USA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HTLV-II; SEROCONVERSION; INCIDENCE; RISK FACTORS; INJECTING DRUG USERS ID HTLV-II; ANTIBODY; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTION; HIV-1; BEHAVIORS; I/II AB To determine the incidence of and risk factors for human T-lymphotropic virus, type II (HTLV-II) seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDUs), specimens from IDUs recruited into the ALIVE Study in 1988/1989 were assayed at baseline for antibody to HTLV with use of enzyme immunoassay and Western blot. Participants were monitored semiannually with venipuncture and interviews. In 1992, the most recent sera of HTLV-negative participants were tested for HTLV with use of enzyme immunoassay and confirmed and typed by Western blot, For positive cases, assays were then performed for all intervening visits to determine the calendar time of seroconversion. Incidence rates were estimated using person-time. Risk factor analysis used a nested case-control design, with up to seven controls per case matched by time of study entry and duration of follow-up. At baseline, 251 HTLV-positive, 22 indeterminate, and 2,574 HTLV-seronegative IDUs were identified. Follow-up of the seronegative IDUs identified 38 seroconverters (all HTLV-II) over 5,813.6 person-years, for a rate of 0.7/100 person-years. Median lag time for seroconversion was 6.8 months. Factors associated with HTLV-II seroconversion included a specific needle-sharing practice called ''backloading'' within the previous 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 6.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.94-21.95] and a baseline history of receiving money for sex (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.32-8.57). Of those with more than one sex partner in the past 6 months, women were more likely than men to seroconvert (OR = 5.77; 95% CI = 1.33-25.05). HTLV-II seroconversions continue to occur among IDUs acid are associated with sharing injection equipment and possibly sexual transmission. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PROGRAM INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA04334, DA05911] NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QV577 UT WOS:A1995QV57700013 PM 7712239 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W MUSEY, VC SINHA, SD LANDAY, A NORTHRUP, G KHABBAZ, R KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W MUSEY, VC SINHA, SD LANDAY, A NORTHRUP, G KHABBAZ, R KAPLAN, JE TI ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE FOR HUMAN SPUMARETROVIRUS SEQUENCES IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; THYROIDITIS; VIRUS C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,CHICAGO,IL. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY 1 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QV577 UT WOS:A1995QV57700017 PM 7712242 ER PT J AU PASCHAL, DC CALDWELL, KL TING, BG AF PASCHAL, DC CALDWELL, KL TING, BG TI DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN WHOLE-BLOOD USING INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED ARGON PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH ISOTOPE-DILUTION SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE DILUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY; LEAD; BLOOD; REFERENCE MATERIALS; TARGET VALUE AB An accurate and simple method for determination of lead in whole blood using inductively coupled argon plasma mass source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed, Determination of lead was by stable isotope dilution, using a spiking material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Standard Reference Material (SRM) 983, Radiogenic Lead Isotopic Standard, enriched to 92.15 at.% lead 206 (Pb-206). Two aliquots of each whole blood specimen were taken (about 0.50 g) and weighed accurately by difference, One of the aliquots was then spiked with about 100 mg of a solution prepared from SRM 983; about 1 mu g g(-1) of Pb in concentration. Both aliquots were then digested with ultrapure, concentrated nitric acid in a microwave oven. The digestate was cooled, diluted, and both unspiked and spiked digests were aspirated into the ICP-MS instrument and isotope ratios of lead 208:lead 206 were measured. The amount and concentration of lead was calculated as mu g of lead per g sample, and multiplied by 100 to give mu g of lead per 100 g of sample, This mass-basis measurement (mu g per 100 g) was then converted to mass per volume (mu g dl(-1)) using the measured density of the whole blood specimen as a correction factor. The method has been evaluated using SRM 955a to determine accuracy, The proposed method provides a standard of accuracy for determination of lead in blood in a nationally based standardization programme, the Blood Lead Laboratory Reference System (BLLRS). RP PASCHAL, DC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 10 IS 5 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1039/ja9951000367 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA QZ279 UT WOS:A1995QZ27900007 ER PT J AU BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV AF BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV TI MEASUREMENT OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER AND TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL IN HUMAN BLOOD BY PURGE-AND-TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY USING AN ISOTOPE-DILUTION METHOD SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS RP BONIN, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA QX913 UT WOS:A1995QX91300010 PM 7564298 ER PT J AU LOOKER, AC JOHNSTON, CC WAHNER, HW DUNN, WL CALVO, MS HARRIS, TB HEYSE, SP LINDSAY, RL AF LOOKER, AC JOHNSTON, CC WAHNER, HW DUNN, WL CALVO, MS HARRIS, TB HEYSE, SP LINDSAY, RL TI PREVALENCE OF LOW FEMORAL BONE-DENSITY IN OLDER US WOMEN FROM NHANES-III SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIP FRACTURE; MINERAL DENSITY; RISK; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREDICTION; SITES; RACE AB Data on the number of U.S. women with low femoral bone mineral density (BMD) are currently available only from indirect estimates. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of femoral BMD from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1991) to estimate prevalences of low femoral BMD in women ages 50 years and older using an approach proposed recently by an expert panel of the World Health Organization (WHO). Cutpoints for low BMD were derived from BMD data of 194 non-Hispanic white (NHW) women aged 20-29 years from the NHANES III dataset. The prevalence of older U.S. women with femoral osteopenia (BMD between 1 standard deviation [SD] and 2.5 SD below the mean of young NHW women) ranged from 34-50% in four different femur regions, which corresponds to similar to 12-17 million women. The prevalence with osteoporosis (BMD > 2.5 SD below the mean of young NHW women) ranged from 17-20, or similar to 6-7 million women. Prevalences were 1.3-2.4 times higher in NHW women than non-Hispanic black women (NHB), and 0.8-1.2 times higher in NHW versus Mexican American (MA) women. The estimated numbers of NHW, NHB, and MA women with osteopenia were 10-15 million, 800,000-1.2 million, and 300,000-400,000, respectively; corresponding figures for osteoporosis were 5-6 million, 200,000-300,000, and 100,000 respectively. Thus, the first data on BMD from a nationally representative sample of older women show a substantial number with low femoral BMD. The majority of these women are white, but the number of minority women with low BMD is not trivial. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HELEN HAYES HOSP,REG BONE CTR,W HAVERSTRAW,NY. NIAMSD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 39 TC 295 Z9 298 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 10 IS 5 BP 796 EP 802 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QU603 UT WOS:A1995QU60300016 PM 7639115 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC HAMILL, RJ HOUSTON, ED GEORGHIOU, PR CLARRIDGE, JE REGNERY, RL KOEHLER, JE AF RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC HAMILL, RJ HOUSTON, ED GEORGHIOU, PR CLARRIDGE, JE REGNERY, RL KOEHLER, JE TI GENOMIC FINGERPRINTING OF BARTONELLA SPECIES BY REPETITIVE ELEMENT PCR FOR DISTINGUISHING SPECIES AND ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOCARDITIS AB Repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) with primers based on repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) repeated DNA sequences was used for genomic fingerprinting of Bartonella species. This technique was applied by using either extracted genomic DNA or preparations of whole bacterial cells directly. PCR fingerprints with either the REP-based primers (REP-PCR) or primers based on the ERIC repeat (ERIC-PCR) revealed species specific band patterns for the various Bartonella isolates. DNA fingerprints obtained from rep-PCR of extracted genomic DNA or from preparations of whole cells yielded comparable patterns. ERIC-PCR banding patterns were less complex than those obtained by REP-PCR but allowed better discrimination between strains within species. By combining results of REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR, five different fingerprint profiles were identified among 17 isolates of Bartonella henselae, but only one profile was identified among the five isolates of Bartonella quintana. Other Bartonella species yielded distinct rep-PCR fingerprints, rep-PCR is a useful technique for identification of Bartonella organisms to the species level and offers the advantage of ease of performance, with only small quantities of cells needed for the whole-cell procedure. This technique also appears to be useful for subtyping B. henselae isolates. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LAB SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,INFECT DIS SECT 111G,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI36075-01] NR 33 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1089 EP 1093 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QT306 UT WOS:A1995QT30600009 PM 7615711 ER PT J AU WHALEY, DN WIGGS, LS MILLER, PH SRIVASTAVA, PU MILLER, JM AF WHALEY, DN WIGGS, LS MILLER, PH SRIVASTAVA, PU MILLER, JM TI USE OF PRESUMPTO-PLATES TO IDENTIFY ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Identification of anaerobic bacteria requires special media and growth conditions that contribute to a higher cost per identification than that for aerobic isolates. Newer rapid methods streamline the identification process, but confirmation to the species level is often. difficult. The Presumpto Plate method for the identification of commonly encountered anaerobes consists of three quadrant plates, each containing four conventional media, that result in the generation of 21 test parameters: growth on Lombard-Dowell medium; production of indole, indole derivative, catalase, lecithinase, and lipase; proteolysis of milk, H2S, and esculin; growth on 20% bile; precipitate on bile; DNase, glucose, casein, starch, and gelatin hydrolysis; and fermentation of lactose, mannitol, and rhamnose. Identification charts were developed by using the results from 2,300 anaerobic isolates, Because conventional media were used, there was a high degree of agreement between the Presumpto Plate method and the reference method when testing commonly encountered anaerobes, The Presumpto Plate method is as accurate as commercially available enzyme systems for the identification of many anaerobic species but is less expensive to perform. RP WHALEY, DN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1196 EP 1202 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QT306 UT WOS:A1995QT30600029 PM 7615728 ER PT J AU THACKER, WL TALKINGTON, DF AF THACKER, WL TALKINGTON, DF TI COMPARISON OF 2 RAPID COMMERCIAL TESTS WITH COMPLEMENT-FIXATION FOR SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AGGLUTINATION-TEST AB The complement fixation (CF) test is the current reference serologic test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. However, it is reported to be insensitive and nonspecific, and it is labor intensive. To determine if a faster and more sensitive diagnosis of M. pneumoniae could be obtained, we examined 50 paired serum samples from patients with suspected M. pneumoniae infection by the CF test and two commercial sapid antibody detection kits, the Remel M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG)-IgM antibody test system (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.) and the Seradyn Color Vue M. pneumoniae IgG-IgM kit (Seradyn, Indianapolis; Ind.). The Remel test, a 5-min qualitative immunobinding assay, detected antibodies in three patient serum samples with CF titers of 32 and in all but one sample with titers of greater than or equal to 64. The Seradyn test, a 40-min qualitative agglutination test, was less sensitive than CF or Remel. The Seradyn test was positive in 68% of cases, compared with 94 and 96% of cases tested by CF or Remel, respectively. Both commercial tests are faster and less technically demanding to perform than is the CF test. RP THACKER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BLDG 5-139,MAILSTOP C02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1214 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QT306 UT WOS:A1995QT30600032 PM 7615730 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, MA PATTON, CM AF NICHOLSON, MA PATTON, CM TI EVALUATION OF DISK METHOD FOR HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS BY CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRAINS; JEJUNI; COLI AB A disk method for hippurate hydrolysis was compared with the ninhydrin tube method by using 140 genetically confirmed Campylobacter strains. Results were similar for 129 (92%) strains when the inoculum size for the disk method was standardized. Six strains (4.2%) showed variable results by each method. Our results conflict with those obtained in studies by others, who found the two methods to be dissimilar. RP NICHOLSON, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1343 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QT306 UT WOS:A1995QT30600058 PM 7615752 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, J TANNER, J MILLER, JM AF FERGUSON, J TANNER, J MILLER, JM TI EVALUATION OF A NEW, SEMIQUANTITATIVE SCREENING CULTURE DEVICE FOR URINE SPECIMENS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The EZ Streak urine culture device (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) combines the advantages of both the dip-slide and the classic urine culture technique, enabling bacterial enumeration and isolation following a simple inoculation step. Five hundred clean-catch urine specimens submitted by outpatients attending a health maintenance organization were used to compare the EZ Streak with culture using a 0.001-ml loop. Complete agreement of colony counts determined by the two methods was obtained for 114 (91.2%) of 125 positive specimens, but 99.2% of the results agreed in clinical interpretation, indicating the presence or absence of bacteriuria. Overall agreement between the EZ Streak and culture was 95.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of the EZ Streak were determined to be 98.4 and 99.4%, respectively. For this patient population, the EZ Streak was determined to be a reliable replacement for routine urine culture. C1 KAISER PERMANENTE,ATLANTA,GA 30339. RP FERGUSON, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIAGNOST MICROBIOL SECT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,BLDG 1,ROOM B250,C16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1353 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QT306 UT WOS:A1995QT30600061 PM 7615754 ER PT J AU BLOM, K PATTON, CM NICHOLSON, MA SWAMINATHAN, B AF BLOM, K PATTON, CM NICHOLSON, MA SWAMINATHAN, B TI IDENTIFICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER-FETUS BY PCR-DNA PROBE METHOD SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HYBRIDIZATION; JEJUNI AB A PCR method for rapid identification of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus was evaluated. A fragment of the gene coding for 16S rRNA was amplified from crude cell lysates of 18 C. fetus strains and 30 strains representing other Campylobacter species and subspecies. The amplicons were probed by dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled C. fetus-specific oligonucleotide probe. The probe reacted only with C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis and may be useful for rapid identification in clinical laboratories. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1360 EP 1362 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QT306 UT WOS:A1995QT30600064 PM 7542273 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, B HANSEN, BF TENOVER, FC OLSEN, I AF OLSVIK, B HANSEN, BF TENOVER, FC OLSEN, I TI TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS RECOVERED FROM PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY PERIODONTAL-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE REFRACTORY PERIODONTITIS; TETRACYCLINE; DRUG EFFECTS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ID SYSTEMIC DOXYCYCLINE THERAPY; HUMAN GINGIVAL FLUID; SUBGINGIVAL MICROFLORA; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; BACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCI; MINOCYCLINE AB Tetracycline in combination with scaling and root planing is frequently used to treat refractory periodontal disease. This study examined tetracycline resistance in bacteria recovered from periodontal pockets of patients with refractory periodontitis. Bacterial isolates resistant to 10 mu g/ml of tetracycline were isolated from plaque samples of 17 patients, of whom 6 had received tetracycline within 8 weeks prior to sampling. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline and minocycline were determined by agar dilution. In the 6 patients who had received tetracycline, a mean of 22.9% (+/- 38.2) of the total cultivable subgingival flora were resistant to tetracycline, compared with a mean of 7.2% (+/- 8.5) in the untreated group. Although various organisms were isolated, in most patients, the tetracycline-resistant organisms were dominated by Streptococcus spp. Overgrowth of Candida was found in one patient, and of Enterobacteriaceae in another patient, while small numbers of yeast or Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from the plaque samples of 9 others. 3 out of 4 patients who did not respond to tetracycline treatment had a variety of tetracycline-resistant anaerobic Gram-negative rods present. No correlation was found between increased proportions of tetracycline resistance in the whole bacterial sample and the presence of resistant periodontal pathogens. C1 UNIV OSLO,FAC DENT,OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6979 J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL JI J. Clin. Periodontol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00166.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA QW899 UT WOS:A1995QW89900008 PM 7601921 ER PT J AU CIRNE, MD DUARTE, MNDR NOBREGA, DD DESOUZA, EMD MONTEIRO, D OLIVEIRA, MJC DANTAS, MCD CAVALCANTE, AMS BUENO, H FRANZOSI, I MENEZES, M RISI, JB BIELLIK, RJ GREENWOOD, BM HALL, AJ ROWE, M WELLS, J WHITTLE, H MBOGE, M GALAZKA, A ROBERTSON, SE SCOTT, RM WRIGHT, PF LINKINS, RW ORENSTEIN, WA PATRIARCA, PA ZELL, ER KEW, O MAHER, K PALLANSCH, M VANNOY, T AF CIRNE, MD DUARTE, MNDR NOBREGA, DD DESOUZA, EMD MONTEIRO, D OLIVEIRA, MJC DANTAS, MCD CAVALCANTE, AMS BUENO, H FRANZOSI, I MENEZES, M RISI, JB BIELLIK, RJ GREENWOOD, BM HALL, AJ ROWE, M WELLS, J WHITTLE, H MBOGE, M GALAZKA, A ROBERTSON, SE SCOTT, RM WRIGHT, PF LINKINS, RW ORENSTEIN, WA PATRIARCA, PA ZELL, ER KEW, O MAHER, K PALLANSCH, M VANNOY, T TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE - A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION IN BRAZIL AND THE GAMBIA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLIOMYELITIS; ERADICATION; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROGRESS; CHILDREN; DISEASES AB To assess factors that may influence the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), neutralizing antibody responses were measured in 1409 infants in Brazil and the Gambia who were randomized to receive one of four different formulations of OPV at similar to birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Overall seroconversion rates at the end of the trial were 85% for poliovirus type 1 (P1), 94% for type 2 (P2), and 68% for type 3 (P3). Factors associated with vaccine failure included high levels of maternal antibody (P1, P2, and P3), vaccination during the rainy season (P1, P2, and P3), diarrhea at the time of vaccination (P2 and P3), household exposure to other OPV recipients (P1), and breast-feeding (P3) (P < .05 for each factor, logistic regression analysis). OPV containing twice the standard potency of Sabin type 1 virus increased seroconversion rates to P1 by 8% in Brazil(P < .05) and 15% in the Gambia (P < .001). Suboptimal responses to OPV in developing countries are determined by a complex array of factors related to the vaccine, host, and environment. C1 DEPT HLTH,NATAL,RN,BRAZIL. FDN SAUDE AMAURY MEDEIROS,CENT LAB,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. MRC LABS,FAJARA,SENEGAL. MINIST HLTH,BANJUL,GAMBIA. WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 55 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1106 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QU640 UT WOS:A1995QU64000004 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W YAMAMOTO, S SWITZER, WM SPIRA, TJ FOLKS, TM AF HENEINE, W YAMAMOTO, S SWITZER, WM SPIRA, TJ FOLKS, TM TI DETECTION OF REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE BY A HIGHLY SENSITIVE ASSAY IN SERA FROM PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RETROVIRUS; HIV-1; LYMPHADENOPATHY; BLOOD; GENE; PCR AB In an ultrasensitive assay for reverse transcriptase (RT), an in vitro-transcribed heteropolymeric RNA sequence was used as a template and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with Southern blot hybridization served as a detection system for the cDNA reaction product, The assay, called Amp-RT, detected 9 tested retroviruses in unconcentrated culture supernatants diluted 10(2)- to 10(5)-fold. A comparative analysis using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) revealed that Amp-RT was 100,000 times more sensitive than the standard RT assay, 10,000 times more sensitive than p24 antigen capture and branched DNA assays, and 100 times more sensitive than RT-PCR or TCID50 assays, Analysis of serum specimens from 42 HIV-1-infected persons by Amp-RT showed that 36 samples (85.7%) were RT-positive. In contrast, 41 serum specimens from persons seronegative for HIV-I and human T lymphotropic virus types I and II were all Amp-RT-negative. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1216 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QU640 UT WOS:A1995QU64000019 PM 7538549 ER PT J AU YEVICH, SJ SANCHEZ, JL DEFRAITES, RF RIVES, CC DAWSON, JE UHAA, IJ JOHNSON, BJB FISHBEIN, DB AF YEVICH, SJ SANCHEZ, JL DEFRAITES, RF RIVES, CC DAWSON, JE UHAA, IJ JOHNSON, BJB FISHBEIN, DB TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIONS DUE TO SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE AND EHRLICHIA SPECIES IN MILITARY PERSONNEL EXPOSED IN AREAS OF THE UNITED-STATES WHERE SUCH INFECTIONS ARE ENDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; PERMETHRIN; PROTECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ARKANSAS; DISEASE; CLUSTER AB A prospective, seroepidemiologic study of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and Ehrlichia infections was done among 1194 US military personnel exposed in a heavily tick-infested area of Arkansas in 1990. Seroconversion (4-fold) and seroprevalence rates were determined by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays. Seroconversions to SFGR occurred in 30 persons (2.5%), whereas seroconversion to Ehrlichia species occurred in 15 (1.3%). The majority of seroconverters did not report symptoms (22/30 [73%] of SFGR seroconverters; 10/15 [67%] of Ehrlichia species seroconverters). History of tick attachment was associated with seroconversion to SFGR (relative risk [RR] = 4.3, P < .001) and Ehrlichia species (RR = 3.6, P < .05). Use of permethrin-impregnated uniforms significantly decreased risk of infection (P < .01); use of bed nets increased risk by 4-fold. Tickborne infections represent a significant threat to military personnel training in areas in which these infections are endemic. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT FIELD STUDIES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1266 EP 1273 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QU640 UT WOS:A1995QU64000027 PM 7751702 ER PT J AU BRAUN, DK PELLETT, PE HANSON, CA AF BRAUN, DK PELLETT, PE HANSON, CA TI PRESENCE AND EXPRESSION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS OF S100-POSITIVE, T-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; GENOME; HHV-6; SEQUENCES; TISSUES; VIRUS AB S100-positive, T cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease (S100-CLPD) is a rare and aggressive hematologic disorder in which the cytoplasmic protein S100 is expressed at high levels in abnormal lymphocytes. Using a DNA probe specific for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), 2 cases of S100-CLPD were examined by DNA and RNA hybridization analysis, The results indicated that HHV-6 DNA was present in uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and that a 1.3-kb viral transcript was expressed in both cases. Analysis of flow-sorted PBMC from 1 case demonstrated that HHV-6 DNA was present exclusively in the S100-positive fraction, Studies using other HHV-6 DNA probes suggested infection with HHV-6 variant B in both cases. Hybridization studies using DNA from PBMC of 27 cases of T cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease of other types showed no evidence of HHV-6. These studies suggest a possible specific association of HHV-6 with the unusual disorder S100-CLPD. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HERPESVIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA. RP BRAUN, DK (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,520B MSRB 1,1150 W MED CTR DR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27960] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1355 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QU640 UT WOS:A1995QU64000042 PM 7751716 ER PT J AU DEGROOTE, MA VISVESVARA, G WILSON, ML PIENIAZEK, NJ SLEMENDA, SB DASILVA, AJ LEITCH, GJ BRYAN, RT REVES, R AF DEGROOTE, MA VISVESVARA, G WILSON, ML PIENIAZEK, NJ SLEMENDA, SB DASILVA, AJ LEITCH, GJ BRYAN, RT REVES, R TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND CULTURE CONFIRMATION OF DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI IN A PATIENT WITH AIDS - SUCCESSFUL THERAPY WITH ALBENDAZOLE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS AB Infections due to microsporidia are being recognized increasingly, especially in AIDS patients. A patient with disseminated microsporidiosis with advanced renal failure due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi (confirmed by culture and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) is described. The organism from urine and sputum was characterized by culture, Weber's chromotrope-based staining, transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests. PCR was done on DNA extracted from the infected cell cultures. Treatment with albendazole resulted in improvement in serum creatinine levels, complete disappearance of spores from sputum, a negative urine culture, and a 3-log decline in the number of spores in the urine, as evidenced by chromotrope-based staining. IIF and PCR were used to confirm E. cuniculi as the etiologic agent. Our findings indicate that disseminated microsporidiosis with renal failure in AIDS is treatable. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV PATHOL,DENVER,CO 80262. DENVER GEN HOSP,DENVER DIS CONTROL,DEPT MICROBIOL,DENVER,CO. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DEGROOTE, MA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,BOX B-168,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. NR 16 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1378 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QU640 UT WOS:A1995QU64000048 PM 7751721 ER PT J AU MCLAIN, DK WESSON, DM OLIVER, JH COLLINS, FH AF MCLAIN, DK WESSON, DM OLIVER, JH COLLINS, FH TI VARIATION IN RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS-1 AMONG EASTERN POPULATIONS OF IXODES-SCAPULARIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IXODES SCAPULARIS; RDNA; GENETIC STRUCTURE ID MOLECULAR DRIVE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DAMMINI ACARI; Y-CHROMOSOME; RNA GENES; RDNA; SEQUENCE; ORGANIZATION; PREFERENCE AB The base sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) of ribosomal DNA of the tick Ixodes scapularis Say (=I. dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman and Corwin) was determined to assess genetic divergence between populations along the eastern (Atlantic) seaboard of the United States. Twenty sequences were obtained from localities down the eastern margin of the species's range: 10 from the southeast (Georgia and Florida), seven from the middle east (North Carolina, Maryland), and three from the northeast (Massachusetts, New Jersey, Mew York). Both the neighbor-joining and parsimony methods cluster most of the southeastern sequences together a:nd most of the middle eastern sequences together but fail to cluster those from the northeast. In addition, an F ratio test revealed significant between-region sequence variation. Thus, there appears to be genetic structuring on at least a macrogeographic scale. Only 23% (SEM = 6.4%) of the sequence Variation occurs between regions, with rite vast majority of variation, 77% (SEM = 6.4%), being within region. These data, plus other published data, indicate that I. scapularis constitutes a single species. However, the pattern of variation is consistent with restricted gene flow between regions or, alternatively, with recent introgression between northern and southern types in the middle-eastern part of the species's range. C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV,INST ARTHROPODOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCLAIN, DK (reprint author), GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LANDRUM BOX 8042,STATESBORO,GA 30460, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24899] NR 48 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA QW429 UT WOS:A1995QW42900019 PM 7616527 ER PT J AU EWING, SA DAWSON, JE KOCAN, AA BARKER, RW WARNER, CK PANCIERA, RJ FOX, JC KOCAN, KM BLOUIN, EF AF EWING, SA DAWSON, JE KOCAN, AA BARKER, RW WARNER, CK PANCIERA, RJ FOX, JC KOCAN, KM BLOUIN, EF TI EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS (RICKETTSIALES, EHRLICHIEAE) AMONG WHITE-TAILED DEER BY AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EHRLICHIA; AMBLYOMMA; EHRLICHIOSIS ID INFECTION; PATIENT AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis Anderson, Dawson and Wilson, causative agent of human (predominantly monocytic) ehrlichiosis, was successfully transmitted experimentally by Amblyomma americanum (L.) to white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman). Deer were needle-exposed intravenously to E. chaffeensis in tissue-culture canine macrophage (DH82) cells, and 11 d later were exposed to laboratory-reared A. americanum larvae, nymphs, and adults for acquisition feeding. Three months after this feeding, naive deer and dogs were exposed to recently molted nymphs and adults. Attempted reisolation of the pathogen by way of tissue culture was successful from one needle-exposed deer but not from the tick-exposed deer or dogs. Based on serologic evidence and polymerase chain reaction data, both nymphal and adult ticks transmitted E. chaffeensis to naive deer but not to dogs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP EWING, SA (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 13 TC 147 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA QW429 UT WOS:A1995QW42900021 PM 7616529 ER PT J AU ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG ELLIOTT, LH RAVKOV, EV MARTIN, ML MORZUNOV, S LIVINGSTONE, W MONROE, M GLASS, G RUO, S KHAN, AS CHILDS, JE NICHOL, ST PETERS, CJ AF ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG ELLIOTT, LH RAVKOV, EV MARTIN, ML MORZUNOV, S LIVINGSTONE, W MONROE, M GLASS, G RUO, S KHAN, AS CHILDS, JE NICHOL, ST PETERS, CJ TI ISOLATION OF BLACK-CREEK-CANAL VIRUS, A NEW HANTAVIRUS FROM SIGMODON-HISPIDUS IN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; RODENT; BUNYAVIRIDAE ID NEPHROPATHIA EPIDEMICA VIRUS; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; RENAL SYNDROME; MESSENGER-RNA; SEGMENT; HANTAAN; PROPAGATION AB Numerous rodents were trapped for serologic and virologic studies following the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case in Dade County, Florida. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most frequently captured rodent and displayed the highest seroprevalence to a variety of hantavirus antigens. Hantavirus genome RNA was detected in all the seropositive cotton rats tested, using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-FCR) assay. A virus was isolated from tissues of two seropositive cotton rats by cultivation of lung and spleen homogenates on Vero E6 cells. Nucleotide sequence information obtained by direct RT-PCR and the serologic relationships of this virus with the other hantaviruses indicate that this virus, Black Creek Canal virus, represents a new hantavirus distinct from the previously known serotypes. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,HRS,MIAMI,FL. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD. RP ROLLIN, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 32 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 46 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890460108 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA QV462 UT WOS:A1995QV46200007 PM 7623004 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, AJ JANITSCHKE, K VISVESVARA, GS SCHUSTER, F AF MARTINEZ, AJ JANITSCHKE, K VISVESVARA, GS SCHUSTER, F TI GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS DUE TO BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS - CONTRAST AND COMPARISON IN IMMUNODEFICIENT AND IMMUNOCOMPETENT MICE SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA. ROBERT KOCH INST,W-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,BROOKLYN,NY 11210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 54 IS 3 BP 450 EP 450 DI 10.1097/00005072-199505000-00172 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA QX385 UT WOS:A1995QX38500171 ER PT J AU LOBATO, MN CALDWELL, MB NG, P OXTOBY, MJ AF LOBATO, MN CALDWELL, MB NG, P OXTOBY, MJ TI ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV-INFECTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; DEMENTIA COMPLEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; ZIDOVUDINE; SURVIVAL; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; PROGRESSION AB Objective: To define the incidence, characteristics, and survival of children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and encephalopathy. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected from 1811 HIV-infected children in a multicenter active surveillance study. Setting: Health departments and medical centers in six areas of the United States. Results: HIV encephalopathy was diagnosed in 178 (23%) of 766 children with perinatally acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), The median age at diagnosis of encephalopathy was 19 months, Among infected children, the estimated risk of having HIV encephalopathy by age 12 months was 4.0% (95% confidence interval, 2.6% to 6.0%), Children with HIV encephalopathy had more hospitalizations (median, 4) than children with other AIDS-defining conditions (median, 2; p = 0.002) and lower CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts in the first year of life (median, 444 cells/mm(3)), Estimated median survival after diagnosis was 22 months, similar to the 20 months for children with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Conclusion: HIV encephalopathy in chidren with perinatally acquired AIDS is a common condition and is associated with severe morbidity evidenced by frequent hospitalizations, severe immunodeficiency, and short survival. C1 US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 126 IS 5 BP 710 EP 715 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70397-7 PN 1 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QY151 UT WOS:A1995QY15100005 PM 7751993 ER PT J AU KANN, L WARREN, CW HARRIS, WA COLLINS, JL DOUGLAS, KA COLLINS, ME WILLIAMS, BI ROSS, JG KOLBE, LJ AF KANN, L WARREN, CW HARRIS, WA COLLINS, JL DOUGLAS, KA COLLINS, ME WILLIAMS, BI ROSS, JG KOLBE, LJ TI YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEILLANCE - UNITED-STATES, 1993 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health risk behaviors among youth and youth adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC and state and local school-based surveys conducted by stale and local education agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 24 stale surveys, and nine local surveys conducted among high school students during February through May 1993. In the United States, 72% of all deaths among school-age youth and young adults are from four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other intentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1993 YRBSS suggest many high school students practice behaviors that may increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 19.1% rarely or never use a safety belt, 35.3% had ridden during the 30 days preceding the survey with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, 22.1% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey, 80.9% ever drank alcohol 32.8% ever used marijuana, and 8.6% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among adolescents also result from unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV infection. YRBSS results indicate that in 1993, 53% of high school students had experienced sexual intercourse, 52.8% of sexually active students had used a condom during last sexual intercourse, and 1.4% ever injected an illegal drug. Among adults, 67% of all deaths are from three causes: heart disease, cancer, and stroke. In 1993, many high school students practiced behaviors that may increase the risk for these health problems: 30.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey, only 15.4% had eaten five or more servings of fruits and vegetables during the day preceding the survey, and only 34.3% had attended physical education class daily. YRBSS data are being used nationwide by health and education officials to improve school health policies and programs designed to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. At the national level YRBSS data are being used to measure progress toward achieving 26 national health objectives and one of eight National Education Goals. C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. MACRO INT,CALVERTON,MD 20705. RP KANN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 1995 VL 65 IS 5 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA624 UT WOS:A1995RA62400001 PM 7637332 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, JL GOOCH, BF BOLYARD, EA SIMONE, PM MULLAN, RJ MARIANOS, DW AF CLEVELAND, JL GOOCH, BF BOLYARD, EA SIMONE, PM MULLAN, RJ MARIANOS, DW TI TB INFECTION-CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE CDC, 1994 - CONSIDERATIONS FOR DENTISTRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; TUBERCULOSIS AB Between 1989 and 1992, reports of outbreaks and transmissions of tuberculosis in institutional settings prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to review the guidelines for TB infection control it had published in 1990. The CDC published an updated version of the guidelines in October 1994. This article gives dentists an overview of the guidelines' recommendations that are applicable to most outpatient dental settings. RP CLEVELAND, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,MAILSTOP F-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 126 IS 5 BP 593 EP 599 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA QY136 UT WOS:A1995QY13600008 PM 7759684 ER PT J AU CASPERSEN, CJ MERRITT, RK AF CASPERSEN, CJ MERRITT, RK TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY TRENDS AMONG 26 STATES, 1986-1990 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE EXERTION; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; SURVEILLANCE ID UNITED-STATES; CHRONIC DISEASES; EXERCISE; FITNESS; ADULTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; SAMPLE AB Data to monitor physical activity from large, representative samples are rare. Therefore, we conducted standardized telephone surveys for 26 states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1986 through 1990. More than 34,800 adults aged 18 and older responded annually. We scored leisure time physical activity data into four patterns: 1) physically inactive, 2) irregularly active, 3) regularly active, not intensive, and 4) regularly active, intensive. Over time, roughly 6 in 10 persons were physically inactive or irregularly active. While almost 4 in 10 persons were regularly active, less than 1 in 10 were regularly active, intensive. There were statistically significant decreases (-2.3%) in physically inactive persons and significant increases (+2.1%) in persons classified as regularly active, intensive. The irregularly active pattern did not change, while only men of all ages and men less than age 30 increased the regularly active, not intensive pattern (+1.7% and +3.8%, respectively). Improvements across the activity patterns Varied by demographic group: women and older adults made the most beneficial changes, while races other than white and the least educated groups had unfavorable changes. Despite many improvements, most persons still did little or no physical activity, signaling the need for enhanced intervention efforts. RP CASPERSEN, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRONIC DIS PREVENT,CARDIOVASC HLTH STUD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 46 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 713 EP 720 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA QW449 UT WOS:A1995QW44900014 PM 7674876 ER PT J AU BROWN, DR WANG, YD WARD, A EBBELING, CB FORTLAGE, L PULEO, E BENSON, H RIPPE, JM AF BROWN, DR WANG, YD WARD, A EBBELING, CB FORTLAGE, L PULEO, E BENSON, H RIPPE, JM TI CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND EXERCISE PLUS COGNITIVE STRATEGIES SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; WALKING; TAI CHI; RELAXATION RESPONSE; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING; MENTAL HEALTH ID MOOD STATE; ADULTS; TRIAL; DEPRESSION; RATIONALE; SCALES; WOMEN AB Psychological changes associated with 16-wk moderate and low intensity exercise training programs, two of which possessed a cognitive component, were evaluated. Subjects were healthy, sedentary adults, 69 women (mean age = 54.8 +/- 8.3 yr) and 66 men (mean age = 50.6 +/- 8.0 yr). Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (C), moderate intensity walking group (MW), low intensity walking group (LW), low intensity walking plus relaxation response group (LWR), or mindful exercise (ME) group-a Tai Chi type program. Women in the ME group experienced reductions in mood disturbance (tension, P < 0.01; depression, P < 0.05; anger, P < 0.008; confusion, P < 0.02; and total mood disturbance, P < 0.006) and an improvement in general mood (P < 0.04). Women in the MW group noted greater satisfaction with physical attributes (body cathexis, P < 0.03), and men in MW reported increased positive affect (P < 0.006). No other differences were observed between groups on measures of mood, self-esteem, personality, or life satisfaction. Equivocal support is provided for the hypothesis that exercise plus cognitive strategy training programs are more effective than exercise programs lacking a structured cognitive component in promoting psychological benefits. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,EXERCISE PHYSIOL & NUTR LAB,WORCESTER,MA 01655. HARVARD UNIV,NEW ENGLAND DEACONESS HOSP,SCH MED,INST MIND BODY MED,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP BROWN, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,MS K-46,ATLANTA,GA 30340, USA. RI Weaver, Marissa/C-4027-2012 NR 39 TC 110 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 27 IS 5 BP 765 EP 775 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA QW449 UT WOS:A1995QW44900021 PM 7674883 ER PT J AU YANG, CF SHI, YP UDHAYAKUMAR, V ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM HAWLEY, WA COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF YANG, CF SHI, YP UDHAYAKUMAR, V ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM HAWLEY, WA COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI SEQUENCE VARIATIONS IN THE NONREPETITIVE REGIONS OF THE LIVER STAGE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN-1 (LSA-1) OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM FROM FIELD ISOLATES SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; LIVER-STAGE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN-1; SEQUENCE VARIATION; MALARIA ID SEVERE MALARIA C1 PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. INST EVANDRO CHAGAS,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL. RP YANG, CF (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 71 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(95)00069-D PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA RG119 UT WOS:A1995RG11900019 PM 7477115 ER PT J AU KAUFMANN, L PADHYE, A AF KAUFMANN, L PADHYE, A TI PINE,LEO 1922-1994 SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Item About an Individual RP KAUFMANN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAY PY 1995 VL 130 IS 2 BP 65 EP 66 DI 10.1007/BF01103450 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RU237 UT WOS:A1995RU23700001 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, MK GRANT, J PETERSON, HB WILLIS, S NELSON, P KLEIN, L AF LINDSAY, MK GRANT, J PETERSON, HB WILLIS, S NELSON, P KLEIN, L TI THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SEROSTATUS ON CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE AND REPEAT PREGNANCY SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; DECISIONS; INFECTION; UPDATE AB Objective: To examine relationships among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus, postpartum contraceptive choice, and the rate of repeat pregnancy within a short interval. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in 83 seropositive and 218 seronegative women identified from an inner-city prenatal population undergoing routine voluntary HIV antibody screening from July 1987 through June 1989. Postpartum contraceptive choices and rate of repeat pregnancies were compared based on HIV serostatus. Results: Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to undergo tubal sterilization (27 versus 15%; odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-5.9). This relationship persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity by logistic regression modeling (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4-5.9). Seropositive women were significantly less likely than seronegative women to select oral contraceptives (34 versus 68%; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4), a relationship that persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, parity, and foam and condom use (adjusted OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to select foam and condoms as their primary method of contraception (30 versus 15%; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.5), a relationship that did not persist after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity (adjusted OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3). The risk of repeat pregnancy was slightly lower in seropositive versus seronegative women (34 versus 44%; OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3). Most repeat pregnancies among seropositive and seronegative women were unplanned (90 and 82%, respectively). Conclusion: There was a relationship between the method postpartum contraception and HIV serostatus, but no significant difference in repeat pregnancy rates associated with choice of method. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LINDSAY, MK (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,POB 26158,ATLANTA,GA 30335, USA. NR 7 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00018-M PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QU289 UT WOS:A1995QU28900009 PM 7724094 ER PT J AU SUN, XW ELLERBROCK, TV LUNGU, O CHIASSON, MA BUSH, TJ WRIGHT, TC AF SUN, XW ELLERBROCK, TV LUNGU, O CHIASSON, MA BUSH, TJ WRIGHT, TC TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; LESIONS; ABNORMALITIES; GRADE; RISK AB Objective: To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women who are seropositive and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to determine if associations between HPV and cervical disease are altered in HIV-seropositive women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 344 HIV-seropositive and 325 HIV-seronegative women underwent colposcopy and HPV DNA testing. Results: Human immunodeficieney virus-seropositive women were more likely than HlV-seronegative women to have HPV DNA of any type detected (60 versus 36%, P < .001). Infections with HPV type 16 (27 versus 17%, P <.05), type 18 (24 versus 9%, P <.05), and more than one type of HPV (51 versus 26%, P <.05) were also more common in HIV-positive women. Although both latent HPV infection and HPV infections associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were more prevalent in the HIV-seropositive group, the ratio between these two types of infections was altered markedly in the HIV-seropositive women. Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women who were HPV-infected were significantly more likely to have CIN than were HPV-infected HIV-seronegative women, an increase observed at all levels of immunosuppression. Analysis of specific HPV types associated with latent HPV infection and CIN indicated that HIV seropositivity only minimally alters the known associations between specific types of HPV and cervical disease. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus infections are more common among HIV-seropositive women at all levels of immunosuppression. However; relationships between HIV and HPV are complex and cannot be explained completely by an increased susceptibility to new HPV infections in the immunosuppressed patient C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS INTERVENT RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU PHS HHS [CCU 206822] NR 21 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 85 IS 5 BP 680 EP 686 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00025-M PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QU289 UT WOS:A1995QU28900010 PM 7724095 ER PT J AU LEWIS, K SAUBOLLE, MA TENOVER, FC RUDINSKY, MF BARBOUR, SD CHERRY, JD AF LEWIS, K SAUBOLLE, MA TENOVER, FC RUDINSKY, MF BARBOUR, SD CHERRY, JD TI PERTUSSIS CAUSED BY AN ERYTHROMYCIN-RESISTANT STRAIN OF BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS; WHOOPING COUGH; ERYTHROMYCIN; ANTIMICROBIC RESISTANCE; DRUG RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; PREVENTION; AGENTS C1 GOOD SAMARITAN REG MED CTR,PHOENIX,AZ. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP LEWIS, K (reprint author), PHOENIX CHILDRENS HOSP,PHOENIX,AZ 85006, USA. FU PHS HHS [1-A115124] NR 15 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5 BP 388 EP 391 DI 10.1097/00006454-199505000-00010 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QX698 UT WOS:A1995QX69800011 PM 7638015 ER PT J AU LIEB, LE MUNDY, TM GOLDFINGER, D PEPKOWITZ, SH BRUNELL, PA CALDWELL, MB WARD, JW AF LIEB, LE MUNDY, TM GOLDFINGER, D PEPKOWITZ, SH BRUNELL, PA CALDWELL, MB WARD, JW TI UNRECOGNIZED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION IN A COHORT OF TRANSFUSED NEONATES - A RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CHILDREN AB Objective. To retrospectively identify unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection among a cohort of children transfused as neonates before donated blood was routinely screened for HIV-1 antibody. Methods. Records at a large, private, metropolitan hospital were reviewed to identify children who were transfused as neonates between January 1980 and March 1985 and discharged alive from the hospital. Multiple data sources were used to locate these children. Parents or guardians were contacted, and their children were offered HIV-1 antibody testing and physical examination. Results. Of the 775 children identified as having received transfusions during the project period, 644 (83%) were located, and 443 (69%) were evaluated for HIV-1 infection. Among those evaluated, 33 (7%) had antibody to HIV-1, including 14 whose infections had not been previously diagnosed. At the time of enrollment, 13 children infected with HIV-1 were asymptomatic an average of 63 months after transfusion. Conclusion. HIV-1 antibody testing should be considered for all children, regardless of clinical status, who were transfused before routine blood donor screening was implemented in March 1985, particularly in areas with a high incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during those years. C1 CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP LIEB, LE (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,600 S COMMONWEALTH,SUITE 805,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU900828] NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1995 VL 95 IS 5 BP 717 EP 721 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QW479 UT WOS:A1995QW47900018 PM 7724310 ER PT J AU HATZIANDREU, EJ SACKS, JJ BROWN, R TAYLOR, WR ROSENBERG, ML GRAHAM, JD AF HATZIANDREU, EJ SACKS, JJ BROWN, R TAYLOR, WR ROSENBERG, ML GRAHAM, JD TI THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF 3 PROGRAMS TO INCREASE USE OF BICYCLE HELMETS AMONG CHILDREN SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HEAD-INJURY; CAMPAIGN AB Each year in the United States, 280 children die from bicycle crashes and 144,000 are treated for head injuries from bicycling. Although bicycle helmets reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent, few children wear them. To help guide the choice of strategy to promote helmet use among children ages 5 to 16 years, the cost effectiveness of legislative, communitywide, and school-based approaches was assessed. A societal perspective was used, only direct costs were included, and a 4-year period after program startup was examined. National age-specific injury rates and an attributable risk model were used to estimate the expected number of bicycle-related head injuries and deaths in localities with and without a program. The percentage of children who wore helmets increased from 4 to 47 in the legislative program, from 5 to 33 in the community program, and from 2 to 8 in the school program. Two programs had similar cost effectiveness ratios per head injury avoided. The legislative program had a $36,643 cost and the community-based one, $37,732, while the school-based program had a cost of $144,498 per head injury avoided. The community program obtained its 33 percent usage gradually over the 4 years, while the legislative program resulted in an immediate increase in usage, thus, considering program characteristics and overall results, the legislative program appears to be the most cost-effective. The cost of helmets was the most influential factor on the cost-effectiveness ratio. The year 2000 health objectives call for use of helmets by 50 percent of bicyclists. Since helmet use in all these programs is less than 50 percent, new or combinations of approaches may be required to achieve the objective. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BOSTON,MA 02115. BATTELLE MED TECHNOL ASSESSMENT & POLICY RES CTR,ARLINGTON,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU PHS HHS [200-88-0644] NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 110 IS 3 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE043 UT WOS:A1995RE04300004 PM 7610212 ER PT J AU HOUCK, P PATNODE, M ATWOOD, R POWELL, K AF HOUCK, P PATNODE, M ATWOOD, R POWELL, K TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OUTBREAK OF SEROGROUP-C MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE AND THE PUBLIC-HEALTH RESPONSE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; FEBRUARY 1992; DECEMBER 1991; GROUP-A; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM AB An outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease occurred in six counties in the State of Washington from January 1989 through mid-1991. This report describes epidemiologic data collected from hospitals and health departments, the results of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of isolates, and the vaccination of high-risk populations in one county. A total of 45 confirmed or probable cases (10 per 100,000 population) occurred. Infants younger than age 1, Hispanics and American Indians, and low-income populations had high attack rates. Nine (20 percent) patients died. The predominant enzyme type, ET-22, had not been detected previously in Washington. More than 22,000 persons were vaccinated in one of the counties. Major challenges to health care personnel included deciding when and where to employ vaccination, obtaining sufficient vaccine, and responding to public anxiety. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. YAKIMA HLTH DIST,YAKIMA,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,TOPPENISH,WA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 110 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE043 UT WOS:A1995RE04300021 PM 7610228 ER PT J AU LANDEN, DD HENDRICKS, S AF LANDEN, DD HENDRICKS, S TI EFFECT OF RECALL ON REPORTING OF AT-WORK INJURIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Difficulty with recall of injuries can result in underestimates of injury incidence and bias in risk estimates in surveys based on self-reports. This study examined the efect of recall on estimates of at-work injury obtained from the 1988 Occupational Health Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey, which used a 12-month reference period for injury reporting. Estimates of annual injury incidence were obtained from recall intervals of increasing time between injury date and interview date. A linear model was fitted to these data to estimate the incidence rate expected if all respondents had been interviewed within 4 weeks of injury. The incidence rate for all at-work injuries adjusted for recall was 32 percent higher than the unadjusted rate. The percent increase in the estimates differed among demographic groups and by injury severity. Rate ratios comparing risk of injury between some demographic groups were also affected by adjustment for recall. A 12-month or longer reference period is frequently used in injury surveys in order to obtain an adequate number of injuries for analysis. A shorter reference period is desirable to provide more accurate estimates; however this necessitates increasing the size of the sample used in the survey. This increased cost must be balanced against the need for accurate information on injury. RP LANDEN, DD (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 9 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 110 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE043 UT WOS:A1995RE04300022 PM 7610229 ER PT J AU SCOTT, DE HU, DJ HANSON, C FLEMING, PL NORTHUP, T AF SCOTT, DE HU, DJ HANSON, C FLEMING, PL NORTHUP, T TI CASE-MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN IN MISSOURI SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS AB The early referral of HIV-exposed children and their mothers to coordinated medical and social services has become increasingly important. In July 1989, the Missouri Department of Health initiated the Service Coordination Program to provide individualized referral (case management) for Missouri residents who were reported to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection. The purpose of the Service Coordination Program is to assist persons in accessing medical and social services. The authors describe the characteristics of the 36 children (18 enrolled in the Service Coordination Program, and 18 not enrolled) reported to the Missouri Department of Health through September 1992. Although more detailed evaluations are necessary, preliminary data suggest that opportunities for early intervention may be facilitated by the Service Coordination Program if the child's HIV status is recognized early. C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,REPORTING & ANAL SECT,ATLANTA,GA. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 110 IS 3 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE043 UT WOS:A1995RE04300023 PM 7610230 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS KNECHT, EA KRIEG, EF AF KESNER, JS KNECHT, EA KRIEG, EF TI STABILITY OF URINARY FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES STORED UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LUTEINIZING HORMONE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; ESTRONE 3-GLUCURONIDE; PREGNANEDIOL 5-GLUCURONIDE; CREATININE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN; URINE ID PREGNANEDIOL GLUCURONIDE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; WOMEN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROFILES; OVARIAN; FIELD; TIME AB Urinary reproductive hormones afford specific and sensitive evaluation of female reproductive potential in epidemiologic and clinical settings. The goal of this study was to characterize the stability of urinary luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estrone 3-glucuronide, pregnanediol 3-glucuronide, and creatinine during storage as functions of time, temperature, and additives. After 2 weeks with no additives, activity of the four analytes, relative to initial concentrations, ranged from 91.9 to 102.8% at 4 degrees C, 35.1 to 89.6% at 25 degrees C, and 7.5 to 66.9% at 37 degrees C. Antimicrobial additives did not consistently improve stability. Analyte activity for samples stored with no additives for 24 weeks at -80 degrees C ranged from 69.0 to 101.2%, Glycerol and bovine serum albumin improved analyte stability; activity ranged from 91.1 to 106.3%. Other additives were ineffective. These results reveal conditions for storing reproductive hormone analytes in urine during epidemiologic field studies. RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,C-23,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(95)00005-U PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA RB716 UT WOS:A1995RB71600004 PM 7579908 ER PT J AU RAO, JK CALLAHAN, LF AF RAO, JK CALLAHAN, LF TI SYSTEMS FOR DATA-ANALYSIS SO RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; IMPACT MEASUREMENT SCALES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; ARTHRITIS; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY; DISEASE AB The concept of longitudinal databases as a means for monitoring rheumatologic care and health status outcomes has been well developed over the last 10 years.(22) With the increasing popularity of computers, there is a variety of options available for data management and statistical analysis. The choice of an appropriate database management system and statistical package depends on the type and amount of data collected and analyses being planned (Table 1).(4) For simple descriptive analyses a spreadsheet program will sometimes suffice, both as a database manager and a mechanism for performing these analyses. Alternatively, for hypothesis testing, a statistical package is often needed in addition to the database management system. RP RAO, JK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUN INTERVEN,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-857X J9 RHEUM DIS CLIN N AM JI Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 359 EP 378 PG 20 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA QZ159 UT WOS:A1995QZ15900004 PM 7631033 ER PT J AU KNAPP, JS BRATHWAITE, AR HINDS, A DUNCAN, W RICE, RJ AF KNAPP, JS BRATHWAITE, AR HINDS, A DUNCAN, W RICE, RJ TI PLASMID-MEDIATED ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE IN KINGSTON, JAMAICA - 1990-1991 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-PPNG; STRAINS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TETRACYCLINE AB Background and Objectives: Gonococcal infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have spread into many geographic areas and have increased in prevalence since the mid 1970s, Surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant gonococcal strains in Jamaica from 1981 to 1983 indicated that fewer than 3% of strains produced beta-lactamase (penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae ); approximately 4% of strains were resistant to penicillin, and 12% were resistant to tetracycline. Goal of this Study: To measure the frequency and nature of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Kingston, Jamaica, from 1990 to 1991 and to assess the effectiveness of prescribed treatment regimens. Study Design: Urethral isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 116 heterosexual men with uncomplicated gonorrhea, representing 7.1% (116/1633) men attending the STD Comprehensive Health Centre from October 1990 through March 1991 who had positive Gram-stained smears, were characterized by auxotype, serovar, presence of the TetM determinant, and plasmid content, Antimicrobial susceptibilities to penicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin were determined by an agar dilution method. Results: A total of 80.2% (93/116) of the isolates exhibited plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both: penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (13/116; 11.2%), tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (25/116; 21.6%), and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (55/116; 47.4%), Isolates with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both, accounted for 5.2% (6/116) of the isolates, Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae hoeae, and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae belonging to multiple auxotype/serovar classes were isolated repeatedly through the study period. Conclusions: Infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibiting plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both, have become prevalent and endemic in Kingston, Jamaica, Therefore, all gonococcal infections should he treated with antimicrobial therapies known to be active against penicillin-resistant and tetracycline-resistant organisms to reduce gonorrhea transmission. C1 MINIST HLTH,NATL STD CONTROL PROGRAM,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00004 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QY967 UT WOS:A1995QY96700004 PM 7652657 ER PT J AU MILLER, H ARAL, S AF MILLER, H ARAL, S TI UNITING RESEARCH COMMUNITIES TO IMPROVE STD RESEARCH - AN INTRODUCTION FROM THE CDC AND NIH SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MILLER, H (reprint author), NIAID,STD BRANCH,SOLAR BLDG,ROOM 3A26,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 162 EP 163 DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00006 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QY967 UT WOS:A1995QY96700006 PM 7652659 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA AF PETERMAN, TA TI CAN WE GET PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE IN A STUDY OF SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; BIAS; MEN AB Background and Objectives: Interpreting the results of any study requires careful analysis to determine how selective participation may have influenced the findings, Participation in a study of sexual behavior may be influenced by who is doing the study, who the participants are,what it means to participate, what the study involves, and what is meant by sexual behavior. Goal of this Study: Identify potential sources of bias that could be detected by asking the question ''Can we get people to participate in a study of sexual behavior?'' Study Design: Review of important examples of participation bias from the literature, Examination of a convenience sample of key studies of sexual behavior to see how they have addressed participation-related issues. Results: There are many examples of studies where misleading results were caused by participation bias, Many key studies of sexual behavior did not address fully the potential impact of selective participation. Conclusion: No study is completely without participation bias, Understanding potential sources of bias is essential when designing a study or interpreting the results. RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00007 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QY967 UT WOS:A1995QY96700007 PM 7652660 ER PT J AU PADIAN, NS ARAL, S VRANIZAN, K BOLAN, G AF PADIAN, NS ARAL, S VRANIZAN, K BOLAN, G TI RELIABILITY OF SEXUAL HISTORIES IN HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background and Objectives: Reliability of responses between partners was used as a surrogate to examine the validity of self-reported sexual histories in two samples with different risk and demographic profiles and different intensities of contact with study staff. Study Design: Retrospective self-report data were compared between partners and between samples. Results: Despite differences between the two groups, reliability of the sexual history data was comparable. Conclusions: Further study is needed to examine other methodologies for collecting sensitive data. Intensive contact and rapport building may not be necessary. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,PROGRAM REPROD EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00008 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QY967 UT WOS:A1995QY96700008 PM 7652661 ER PT J AU HILLIS, S BLACK, C NEWHALL, J WALSH, C GROSECLOSE, SL AF HILLIS, S BLACK, C NEWHALL, J WALSH, C GROSECLOSE, SL TI NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHLAMYDIA PREVENTION - APPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE TO PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; REACTION ASSAY; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREGNANCY C1 NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. NR 66 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00011 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QY967 UT WOS:A1995QY96700011 PM 7652664 ER PT J AU PENMAN, AD LANIER, DC AVARA, WT CANANT, KE DEGROOTE, JW BRACKIN, BT CURRIER, MM HOTCHKISS, RL AF PENMAN, AD LANIER, DC AVARA, WT CANANT, KE DEGROOTE, JW BRACKIN, BT CURRIER, MM HOTCHKISS, RL TI VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS WOUND INFECTIONS FROM THE MISSISSIPPI GULF COASTAL WATERS - JUNE TO AUGUST 1993 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Vibrio vulnificus, part of the normal marine flora of the Gulf of Mexico, is being increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen, V vulnificus contamination of superficial wounds can cause a severe, rapidly progressive, necrotizing cellulitis with bullous skin lesions that may require surgical debridement and is occasionally fatal. We summarize information about six cases of V vulnificus wound infection reported to the Mississippi State Department of Health from June to August 1993. Five of the six patients required hospitalization for intravenous antibiotic treatment and, in two cases, surgery, Two patients died from septicemia, despite aggressive antibiotic treatment; both had preexisting medical conditions that could have contributed to immune compromise and fulminant infection, This report underscores the virulence of this organism and the need for awareness by both the clinician and diagnostic laboratory personnel when dealing with superficial wounds occupationally or recreationally exposed to seawater. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,JACKSON,MS. GULFPORT MEM HOSP,GULFPORT,MS. SINGING RIVER HOSP,PASCAGOULA,MS. RP PENMAN, AD (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI DEPT HLTH,BUR PREVENT HLTH,2423 N STATE ST,JACKSON,MS 39215, USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 88 IS 5 BP 531 EP 533 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QX244 UT WOS:A1995QX24400004 PM 7732441 ER PT J AU CASPER, ML WING, S ANDA, RF KNOWLES, M POLLARD, RA AF CASPER, ML WING, S ANDA, RF KNOWLES, M POLLARD, RA TI CHANGES IN THE GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF STROKE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1962 TO 1988 SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEOGRAPHY; MORTALITY ID COMMUNITY OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE; HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; TRENDS; MIGRATION; DECLINE; SMOKING AB Background and Purpose The factors that contribute to the Stroke Belt-a concentration of high stroke mortality rates in the southeastern United States-remain unidentified. Previous hypotheses that focused on physical properties of the area have not been confirmed. This study describes changes in the locations of areas with the highest rates of stroke mortality and the implications for new hypotheses regarding the Stroke Belt. Methods We calculated annual, age-adjusted stroke mortality rates for black women, black men, white women, and white men for the years 1962 to 1988 using a three-piece log-linear regression model. Maps were produced with the state economic area (SEA) as the unit of analysis. The baseline Stroke Belt was defined as the area with the largest concentration of high-quintile SEAs in 1962. Results The concentration of high-rate SEAs tended to shift away from the Piedmont region of the Southeast and toward the Mississippi River valley. For example, whereas among black women in 1962, 72% of SEAs in the baseline Stroke Belt were in the highest quintile, by 1988 this percentage had dropped to 48%. Similar patterns were observed for the other race/sex groups. Conclusions Temporal changes in the location of areas with the highest stroke mortality rates suggest that new hypotheses for understanding the geographic pattern of stroke mortality should consider temporal trends in a variety of medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS CONTROL & HLTH PROMOT,STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. RP CASPER, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS CONTROL & HLTH PROMOT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS K47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD MAY PY 1995 VL 26 IS 5 BP 755 EP 760 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QV877 UT WOS:A1995QV87700004 PM 7740562 ER PT J AU SIMON, JA FONG, J BERNERT, JT BROWNER, WS AF SIMON, JA FONG, J BERNERT, JT BROWNER, WS TI SERUM FATTY-ACIDS AND THE RISK OF STROKE SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIET; FATTY ACIDS; RISK FACTORS ID INTERVENTION TRIAL MRFIT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLATELET-FUNCTION; LIPIDS; PLASMA; MEN; CHOLESTEROL; THROMBOSIS; PRESSURE; DISEASE AB Background and Purpose To examine the relationship between serum fatty acids, which reflect dietary intake, and stroke, we conducted a nested case-control study of 96 men with incident stroke and 96 control subjects matched by age, clinical center, treatment group, and date of randomization who were enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Methods After confirming the stability of the stored serum samples, we measured serum cholesterol ester and phospholipid fatty acid levels as the percentage of total fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and examined their association with incident stroke. Using stepwise conditional logistic regression that controlled for risk factors for stroke, we determined which fatty acids were independent correlates of stroke. Results In univariate models, a standard deviation (SD) increase (1.37%) in phospholipid stearic acid (18:0) was associated with a 37% increase in the risk of stroke, whereas an SD increase (0.06%) in phospholipid omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (18:3) was associated with a 28% decrease in the risk of stroke (all P<.05). Only alpha-linolenic acid in the cholesterol ester fraction was associated with the risk of stroke in multivariate models: an SD increase (0.13%) in the serum level of alpha-linolenic acid was associated with a 37% decrease in the risk of stroke (P<.05). Systolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking were also independently associated with stroke risk. Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher serum levels of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are independently associated with a lower risk of stroke in middle-aged men at high risk for cardiovascular disease. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,CLIN BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SIMON, JA (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,GEN INTERNAL MED SECT 111A1,4150 CLEMENT ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94121, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-32338-03] NR 39 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD MAY PY 1995 VL 26 IS 5 BP 778 EP 782 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QV877 UT WOS:A1995QV87700008 PM 7740566 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MJ KHOURY, MJ SCANLON, KS STEVENSON, RE KNIGHT, GJ HADDOW, JE SYLVESTER, GC CHEEK, JE HENRY, JP STABLER, SP ALLEN, RH AF ADAMS, MJ KHOURY, MJ SCANLON, KS STEVENSON, RE KNIGHT, GJ HADDOW, JE SYLVESTER, GC CHEEK, JE HENRY, JP STABLER, SP ALLEN, RH TI ELEVATED MIDTRIMESTER SERUM METHYLMALONIC ACID LEVELS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COBALAMIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; FOLATE; VITAMIN-B12; METABOLISM; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; TRANSCOBALAMINS; ABNORMALITIES AB The role of folic acid in the primary prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) is well established. However, questions related to the protective mechanism remain unanswered. To help answer these questions, we designed a case-control study to assess the role of folate- and cobalamin-related metabolites in the pathogenesis of NTDs. Concentrations of folate, cobalamin, and 14 other related metabolites were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in midtrimester serum specimens from 32 women with an NTD-affected pregnancy and from 132 control women, and in serum specimens from 46 nonpregnant women who had a history of NTD-affected pregnancy and from 43 nonpregnant control women. log-transformed means of metabolites were compared between case and control women for both the midtrimester and nonpregnant groups. In the pregnant group, serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were higher among case women than among control women (130 vs 105 nM). There was a strong dose-response relationship between midtrimester serum MMA level and the risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy, with the relative risk increasing 13-fold for women with MMA levels > 90th percentile. In the nonpregnant group, there was no difference in serum MMA levels between case and control women (140 vs 140 nM). Thus, the serum MMA levels of women in the midtrimester of pregnancies unaffected by NTDs were significantly lower than the levels of nonpregnant women, whereas the levels of women whose pregnancies were affected by NTDs were similar to those of nonpregnant women. The finding of elevated MMA serum concentrations among women in the midtrimester of NTD-affected pregnancies suggests that cobalamin may be involved in the etiology of NTDs. The possible role of cobalamin in relation to the protective effect of folic acid needs further evaluation. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 GREENWOOD GENET CTR,GREENWOOD,SC 29406. FDN BLOOD RES,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. RP ADAMS, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,MS F34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510507 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA RM600 UT WOS:A1995RM60000005 PM 7482352 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH HWANG, SJ AF KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH HWANG, SJ TI DETECTION OF GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES OF BIRTH-DEFECTS - HOW BIG A SAMPLE-SIZE SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT; FACTOR-ALPHA-GENE; CLEFT-LIP; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BLADDER-CANCER; PALATE; ASSOCIATION; PHENOTYPE; RISK AB Detecting interactions between risk factors in case-control studies of birth defects and other conditions usually requires increasing the sample size beyond that needed to detect marginal effects. A special case of such interaction is genotype-environment interaction in which the effects of an exposure on disease risk are modified by genetic susceptibility. When case-control studies are designed to detect marginal effects of an exposure (i.e., in the whole population), under many plausible interaction schemes, no additional case and control subjects are needed to detect genotype-environment interaction. On the contrary, inclusion of genotypic information generally can improve the statistical power of the original study. Using the example of oral clefts, maternal cigarette smoking, and genetic variation at the transforming growth factor alpha gene, we illustrate sample size and power issues in designing case-control studies when prior information is available on both the marginal effects of the exposure and the genetic factor. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,GENET DIS BRANCH,MS F45,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAY PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510510 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA RM600 UT WOS:A1995RM60000008 PM 7482355 ER PT J AU HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, M BENSON, J EVATT, BL AF HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, DJ RIBEIRO, M BENSON, J EVATT, BL TI IL-6 UP-REGULATES PROTEIN-S EXPRESSION IN THE HEPG-2 HEPATOMA-CELLS SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-PHASE PROTEIN; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN-6 RECEPTOR; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; SERUM AMYLOID-A; C4B-BINDING PROTEIN; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Several pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be important in the modulation of the procoagulant response. However, what role these cytokines may have in the regulation of coagulation inhibitors is poorly understood. While the hepatocyte is a primary site of synthesis for the anticoagulant proteins C and S, it is also major target cell for the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6. We have found that stimulation of HepG-2 hepatoma cells with IL-6 (5 ng/ml) significantly increased the production of the anticoagulant cofactor, protein S, in both a time and dose dependent fashion. This increase was seen at both the RNA and protein level. A mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody to human IL-6 suppressed the IL-6 effect in a concentration dependent fashion. IL-6 also increased the release of the C4b-binding protein but had no effect on protein C production. When combined with either dexamethasone or soluble IL-6 receptor, the IL-6 response was significantly enhanced. Oncostatin M, a functionally related cytokine, had a similar effect while other related cytokines, IL-11 and leukemia inhibitory factor, only had a marginal effect. IL-1, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha had no significant effect on protein S production. These results indicate that IL-6 may play an important regulatory role in the anticoagulant pathway. RP HOOPER, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MS-D02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 73 IS 5 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QY175 UT WOS:A1995QY17500015 PM 7482409 ER PT J AU GIST, GL BURG, JR AF GIST, GL BURG, JR TI TRICHLOROETHYLENE - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE FROM A HEALTH-EFFECTS PERSPECTIVE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE CERCLA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; NATIONAL EXPOSURE REGISTRIES; SARA; TRICHLOROETHYLENE ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CONTAMINATED WELL WATER; PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; SERUM BILE-ACIDS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; TYPEWRITER CORRECTION FLUID; DRY CLEANING WORKERS; CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RETROSPECTIVE COHORT MORTALITY; PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS AB This report reviews the literature on the impact of exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) an human health. Special emphasis is given To the health effects reported in excess of national norms by participants in the TCE Subregistry of the Volatile Organic Compounds Registry of the National Exposure Registries - persons with documented exposure to TCE through drinking and use of contaminated water. The health effects reported in excess by some or all of the sex and age groups studied were speech and hearing impairments, effects of stroke, liver problems, anemia and other blood disorders, diabetes, kidney disease, urinary tract disorders, and skin rashes. RP GIST, GL (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 464 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 253 EP 307 PG 55 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RR535 UT WOS:A1995RR53500001 PM 7482570 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA AF SCHULTE, PA TI OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF BIOMARKERS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Human Health and Environment: Mechanisms of Toxicity and Biomarkers to Assess Adverse Effects of Chemicals CY SEP 25-30, 1994 CL SALSOMAGGIORE TERME, ITALY SP Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, Sci Comm Occupat Toxicol, European Commiss Hlth & Safety Directorate, Public Hlth Unit, Univ Parma, WHO, Int Agcy Res Canc, Int Programme Chem Safety, ILO UNEP WHO, Off Occupat Hlth, Reg Off Europe, Assoc Univ Italiana Med Lavoro Bernardino Ramazzini DE BIOMARKERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; STUDY DESIGN ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; BERYLLIUM DISEASE; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; WORKERS; MORTALITY; COHORT AB Limitations in understanding the relationship between occupational and environmental exposures and disease present opportunities for using biological markers to fill gaps in knowledge. Three situations can be identified that could foster the development and use of biomarkers, where epidemiological evidence is (1) definitive, (2) equivocal, and (3) lacking. When there is clear epidemiological evidence of disease risk given an exposure, biomarkers could be used to identify high- and low-risk subsets of a cohort that might benefit from differential practices such as counseling about job risks, varying frequency and intensity of medical surveillance, and using protective equipment. Biomarkers could also be used to test the effectiveness of environmental controls. Assessment of blood lead in bridge workers and purified protein derivative (PPD) testing in health care workers illustrates biomarkers that have been used to evaluate control efforts. When epidemiological evidence is equivocal, a broad and consistent database on intermediate biomarkers in the path between exposure and disease could provide a compelling case as to whether a substance should be treated as hazardous. The case of ethylene oxide illustrates this situation: the epidemiological evidence of risk of lymphohematopoietic cancer is equivocal but there is an informative database on genetic and cytogenetic changes in various species consistent with carcinogenicity. Biomarker data also can be used to assist in the interpretation of inconclusive epidemiological information as is illustrated in the case of styrene where markers provide a mechanistic rationale for the epidemiologic findings. When there is little or no epidemiological evidence of risk in an exposure situation, such as around hazardous waste operations or with new technologies, biological markers can serve as early warning indicators of exposure or risk. In such cases it is important to have an underlying biological theory and an appropriate epidemiological study design if the principal results are to be of value in indicating risk and preventing disease. RP NIOSH, CDC, INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 EI 1879-3169 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 77 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03267-3 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RE273 UT WOS:A1995RE27300005 PM 7618148 ER PT J AU GLYNN, JR COLLINS, WE JEFFERY, GM BRADLEY, DJ AF GLYNN, JR COLLINS, WE JEFFERY, GM BRADLEY, DJ TI INFECTING DOSE AND SEVERITY OF FALCIPARUM-MALARIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; SEVERITY; INFECTING DOSE ID SPOROZOITES TRANSMITTED INVITRO; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; QUANTITATION AB The causes of the wide spectrum of severity in malaria have only partly been elucidated. There are theoretical reasons for thinking that the infecting dose may influence the severity but evidence is scarce. We have analysed the records of 82 non-immune neurosyphilis patients bitten by a known number of mosquitoes infected with one of 3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whose treatment was delayed. After controlling for strain, the number of mosquitoes was not associated with the prepatent period nor with any of the outcome measures. For one of the main strains, patients with shorter prepatent periods were more likely to receive treatment during the acute phase of the infection, but no other association with measures of severity was found. This study suggests that infecting dose is unlikely to be an important determinant of severity. C1 UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU Wellcome Trust NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 1995 VL 89 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90540-5 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RF454 UT WOS:A1995RF45400014 PM 7660433 ER PT J AU WILEY, SD SCHULZ, SL BARNES, M BOELSEN, R LIN, I PARISH, K SCHWARTZ, M HANNAN, J AF WILEY, SD SCHULZ, SL BARNES, M BOELSEN, R LIN, I PARISH, K SCHWARTZ, M HANNAN, J TI HIV RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS IN SELECTED UNITED-STATES HEMOPHILIA PROGRAMS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,HOUSTON,TX. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. HEMOPHILIA FDN MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI. HUNTINGTON HOSP,CTR HEMOPHILIA,PASADENA,CA. TED R MONTOYA HEMOPHILIA PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 438 EP 439 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA QX938 UT WOS:A1995QX93800022 ER PT J AU SMITH, PS KOERPER, MA MANCOJOHNSON, M NUSS, R AF SMITH, PS KOERPER, MA MANCOJOHNSON, M NUSS, R TI THE EFFECT OF IVADS ON THE USE OF MEDICAL-SERVICES AND THE CONSUMPTION OF CONCENTRATE IN CHILDREN ON PROPHYLAXIS FOR SEVERE HEMOPHILIA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 442 EP 442 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA QX938 UT WOS:A1995QX93800031 ER PT J AU WILEY, S HANNAN, J BARRETT, S EVATT, B AF WILEY, S HANNAN, J BARRETT, S EVATT, B TI SURVEILLANCE OF HEMOPHILIA, HIV, AND HIV RISK REDUCTION AT FEDERALLY FUNDED HTCS, 1990 THROUGH 1993 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. US BUR MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 1995 VL 35 IS 5 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA QX938 UT WOS:A1995QX93800037 ER PT J AU KUNANUSONT, C FOY, HM KREISS, JK RERKSNGARM, S PHANUPHAK, P RAKTHAM, S PAU, CP YOUNG, NL AF KUNANUSONT, C FOY, HM KREISS, JK RERKSNGARM, S PHANUPHAK, P RAKTHAM, S PAU, CP YOUNG, NL TI HIV-1 SUBTYPES AND MALE-TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION IN THAILAND SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE STAGE; RISK-FACTORS; TYPE-1; INFECTION; POPULATIONS; AIDS; PROSTITUTES; ASSOCIATION AB We examined the risk factors for heterosexual transmission of HIV in a case-control study of couples in Thailand. 90 HIV-positive men and their regular sex partners were enrolled at the immune clinic, Chulalongkorn Hospital, where 92% of male index cases had HIV-1 serotype A (subtype E). Most index cases had acquired HIV through sexual intercourse. 95 couples were enrolled at 15 detoxification clinics, where 79% of them had HIV-1 serotype B (subtype B). Most men had acquired HIV through injecting drug use (IDU). The HIV seroconcordance rate was higher in the immune clinic (69%) than in the IDU clinics (48% overall, and 27% after excluding female partners who were IDUs) (p<0.01). The rate was also higher among couples in whom the male index case was infected with serotype A (subtype E) compared with serotype B (subtype B) (70% vs 52%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-4.2). When we excluded couples in whom the female was also an IDU, the difference in concordance rates was even more pronounced (70% vs 26%, OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.7-17.6). Viral factors or subjects' characteristics may have contributed to the concordance rates. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, HIV-1 serotype A (subtype E) of male partners (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.0) and history of IDU in female partners (adjusted OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.4-15.9) remained independently associated with HIV seroconcordance. This study suggests that HIV-1 subtype E may be associated with higher risk of heterosexual transmission than subtype B. If so, the predominance of subtype E in Thailand may have contributed to the rapid spread of the HIV epidemic. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CHULALONGKORN HOSP,BANGKOK,THAILAND. BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. RP KUNANUSONT, C (reprint author), MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,DIV AIDS,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00007] NR 30 TC 161 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 29 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8957 BP 1078 EP 1083 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QV411 UT WOS:A1995QV41100010 PM 7715340 ER PT J AU VUOPIOVARKILA, J VALTONEN, V CROOKS, R STEWART, C AF VUOPIOVARKILA, J VALTONEN, V CROOKS, R STEWART, C TI DIPHTHERIA ACQUIRED BY US CITIZENS IN THE RUSSIAN-FEDERATION AND UKRAINE - 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 237, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNITY; TETANUS C1 HELSINKI UNIV,CENT HOSP,HELSINKI,FINLAND. PEACE CORP,OFF MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA. RP VUOPIOVARKILA, J (reprint author), NATL PUBL HLTH INST,MANNERHEIMINTIE 166,HELSINKI,FINLAND. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 26 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 16 BP 1251 EP 1252 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QU571 UT WOS:A1995QU57100007 ER PT J AU JEREB, JA KLEVENS, RM PRIVETT, TD SMITH, PJ CRAWFORD, JT SHARP, VL DAVIS, BJ JARVIS, WR DOOLEY, SW AF JEREB, JA KLEVENS, RM PRIVETT, TD SMITH, PJ CRAWFORD, JT SHARP, VL DAVIS, BJ JARVIS, WR DOOLEY, SW TI TUBERCULOSIS IN HEALTH-CARE WORKERS AT A HOSPITAL WITH AN OUTBREAK OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; TESTING PROGRAM; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Objective: Investigate reports of tuberculosis in health care workers employed at a hospital with an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Design: Case series of tuberculosis in health care workers, January 1, 1989, through May 31, 1992. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of M tuberculosis isolates. Longitudinal analysis of cumulative tuberculin skin test surveillance data. Assessment of infection control. The patients consisted of 361 health care workers who had either serial tuberculin skin tests or tuberculosis. Results: Six health care workers, the largest number linked to one multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak, had disease due to M tuberculosis that matched the outbreak strain from hospitalized patients. The two who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus died, one of tuberculous meningitis and the other of multiple causes including tuberculosis. The estimated risk of a skin test conversion was positively associated with time and increased by a factor of 8.3 (1979 to 1992). In 1999 the annual risk for workers in the lowest exposure occupational group was 2.4%. In comparison, nurses and housekeepers had relative risks of 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 20.3) and 9.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 32.3), respectively. laboratory workers had a relative risk of 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 15.5). Tuberculosis admissions increased, but the hospital had inadequate ventilation to isolate tuberculosis patients effectively. There were lapses in infection control practices. Conclusions: Health care workers who were exposed during a hospital outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis had occupationally acquired active disease. The human immunodeficiency virus-infected health care workers with tuberculosis had severe disease and died. The risk of skin test conversion increased during the study period, and higher exposure occupations had elevated risk. Effective infection control is essential to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis to health care workers. C1 NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT MED,VALHALLA,NY 10595. RP JEREB, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAIL STOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD APR 24 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 8 BP 854 EP 859 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.8.854 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QU594 UT WOS:A1995QU59400010 PM 7717794 ER PT J AU LUO, CC TIAN, CQ HU, DJ KAI, M DONDERO, TJ ZHENG, XW LIU, XL CHEN, J LI, DQ QU, SQ ZHANG, GY GEORGE, JR SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, ML AF LUO, CC TIAN, CQ HU, DJ KAI, M DONDERO, TJ ZHENG, XW LIU, XL CHEN, J LI, DQ QU, SQ ZHANG, GY GEORGE, JR SCHOCHETMAN, G KALISH, ML TI HIV-1 SUBTYPE-C IN CHINA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP LUO, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 90 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 22 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8956 BP 1051 EP 1052 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90792-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QU573 UT WOS:A1995QU57300047 PM 7723522 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, MT MCCRAY, E ONORATO, I AF MCKENNA, MT MCCRAY, E ONORATO, I TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1986 TO 1993 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDOCHINESE REFUGEES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; IMMIGRANTS; CONVERSIONS; COUNTRIES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Background. One third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in the developed countries immigration is a major force that sustains the incidence of tuberculosis. We studied the effects of immigration on the epidemiology of tuberculosis and its recent resurgence in the United States. Methods. We analyzed data from the national tuberculosis reporting system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Since 1986 reports of tuberculosis have included the patient's country of origin. Population estimates for foreign-born persons were derived from special samples from the 1980 and 1990 censuses. Results. The proportion of persons reported to have tuberculosis who were foreign-born increased from 21.6 percent (4925 cases) in 1986 to 29.6 percent (7346 cases) in 1993. For the entire eight-year period, most foreign-born patients with tuberculosis were from Latin America (43.9 percent; 21,115 cases) and Southeast Asia (34.6 percent; 16,643 cases). Among foreign-born persons the incidence rate was almost quadruple the rate for native residents of the United States (30.6 vs. 8.1 per 100,000 person-years), and 55 percent of immigrants with tuberculosis had the condition diagnosed in their first five years in the United States. Conclusions. Immigration has had an increasingly important effect on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States. It will be difficult to eliminate tuberculosis without better efforts to prevent and control it among immigrants and greater efforts to control it in the countries from which they come. RP MCKENNA, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 309 Z9 313 U1 1 U2 8 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 16 BP 1071 EP 1076 DI 10.1056/NEJM199504203321606 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT187 UT WOS:A1995QT18700006 PM 7898526 ER PT J AU REDD, SC WHARTON, M HADLER, SC ORENSTEIN, WA AF REDD, SC WHARTON, M HADLER, SC ORENSTEIN, WA TI THE MEASLES-MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION PROGRAM IN FINLAND SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 16 BP 1102 EP 1103 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT187 UT WOS:A1995QT18700024 PM 7898540 ER PT J AU JENKERSON, SA BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, JP ERDMAN, DD AF JENKERSON, SA BELLER, M MIDDAUGH, JP ERDMAN, DD TI FALSE-POSITIVE RUBEOLA IGM TESTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JENKERSON, SA (reprint author), ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 20 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 16 BP 1103 EP 1104 DI 10.1056/NEJM199504203321616 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT187 UT WOS:A1995QT18700027 PM 7898542 ER PT J AU MEGGS, WJ WEISMAN, R HOFFMAN, RS SHIH, R WEIMER, SM DEANNUNTIS, GJ GOLDFRANK, LR HSU, CK SABO, S LEO, P SHASTRY, D RUBIN, K CONSTANTINE, I SOMWARU, S MUNSHI, A AF MEGGS, WJ WEISMAN, R HOFFMAN, RS SHIH, R WEIMER, SM DEANNUNTIS, GJ GOLDFRANK, LR HSU, CK SABO, S LEO, P SHASTRY, D RUBIN, K CONSTANTINE, I SOMWARU, S MUNSHI, A TI ANTICHOLINERGIC POISONING ASSOCIATED WITH AN HERBAL TEA - NEW-YORK-CITY, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 193-195, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR ENVIRONM INVEST,DIST OFF,NEW YORK,NY. US FDA,REG LAB,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. RP MEGGS, WJ (reprint author), ELMHURST HOSP,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 15 BP 1166 EP 1167 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT100 UT WOS:A1995QT10000005 ER PT J AU KNUBLEY, W MCCHESNEY, TC MALLONEE, J AF KNUBLEY, W MCCHESNEY, TC MALLONEE, J TI FOODBORNE BOTULISM - OKLAHOMA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 200-202, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73117. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP KNUBLEY, W (reprint author), COOPER CLIN,FT SMITH,AR, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 15 BP 1167 EP 1167 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT100 UT WOS:A1995QT10000006 ER PT J AU AZAM, M AF AZAM, M TI UPDATE - DRACUNCULIASIS ERADICATION - PAKISTAN, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 117-119, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA. GLOBAL 2000 INC,CARTER CTR,ATLANTA,GA. RP AZAM, M (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 15 BP 1168 EP 1168 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT100 UT WOS:A1995QT10000007 ER PT J AU BUGRI, S ADEYEMI, AA AF BUGRI, S ADEYEMI, AA TI UPDATE - DRACUNCULIASIS ERADICATION - GHANA AND NIGERIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 191, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 GLOBAL 2000 INC,CARTER CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA. RP BUGRI, S (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,GHANA GUINEA WORM ERADICAT PROGRAM,ACCRA,GHANA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 15 BP 1168 EP 1169 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT100 UT WOS:A1995QT10000008 ER PT J AU BAKER, EL SATCHER, D STANGE, PV AF BAKER, EL SATCHER, D STANGE, PV TI FORGING A COMMUNITY-HEALTH PARTNERSHIP - HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 ASSOC SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 15 BP 1173 EP 1173 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT100 UT WOS:A1995QT10000013 ER PT J AU BERNSTEIN, DI GLASS, RI RODGERS, G DAVIDSON, BL SACK, DA AF BERNSTEIN, DI GLASS, RI RODGERS, G DAVIDSON, BL SACK, DA TI EVALUATION OF RHESUS ROTAVIRUS MONOVALENT AND TETRAVALENT REASSORTANT VACCINES IN US CHILDREN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN INFANTS; FIELD TRIAL; DIARRHEA; PROTECTION; SEROTYPE-1; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; LIVE; WC3; REACTOGENICITY AB Objective.-To determine the safety and relative efficacy of two reassortant rhesus rotavirus vaccines over two rotavirus seasons. Design.-A prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Setting.-Twenty-three centers in the United States. Participants.-A total of 1006 healthy infants between 4 and 26 weeks of age were enrolled, and 898 received three doses of vaccine or placebo. Main Outcome Measures.-Reactogenicity was determined by comparing the incidence of fever, diarrhea, and/or vomiting for 5 days after each dose of vaccine. Rotavirus IgA and neutralizing antibody to rhesus rotavirus and four rotavirus serotypes were measured in a subset of subjects. Relative efficacy was determined by comparing the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis after three doses of vaccine or placebo over two rotavirus seasons. Results.-Adverse reactions were mild and limited to a small but significant increase in the incidence of fever after the first dose of tetravalent but not monovalent vaccine. The relative efficacy against rotavirus disease over the 2 years of observation was 40% (98.3% confidence interval, 7% to 62%) for the monovalent and 57% (98.3% confidence interval, 29% to 74%) for the tetravalent vaccine. In post hoc analyses, the relative efficacy against very severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was 73% and 82% for monovalent and tetravalent vaccine recipients, respectively. Also, a 67% and 78% reduction in medical visits for rotavirus gastroenteritis was observed. Both vaccines protected against disease caused by serotype 1 rotavirus, but only the tetravalent vaccine reduced the incidence of disease caused by non-serotype 1 rotavirus infection detected in the second season. It is unclear, however, whether this result represents serotype-specific protection or a difference in the duration of protection. Conclusions.-Vaccination with both vaccines was safe and significantly reduced the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, but only the tetravalent vaccine provided protection against disease caused by non-serotype 1 rotaviruses during the second year of follow-up. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. WYETH AYERST,PHILADELPHIA,PA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. RP BERNSTEIN, DI (reprint author), JAMES N GAMBLE INST MED RES,DIV CLIN VIROL,2141 AUBURN AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45219, USA. NR 36 TC 203 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 19 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 15 BP 1191 EP 1196 DI 10.1001/jama.273.15.1191 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT100 UT WOS:A1995QT10000027 PM 7707626 ER PT J AU GESSNER, BD MIDDAUGH, JP AF GESSNER, BD MIDDAUGH, JP TI PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING IN ALASKA - A 20-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL, ETHYL; FOOD POISONING; SAXITOXIN; SHELLFISH ID SAXITOXIN-BINDING PROTEIN; TETRODOTOXIN; FISH; SAXIPHILIN; BULLFROG; TOXIN; RAT AB Outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning have occurred worldwide. The authors reviewed records at the Alaska Division of Public Health to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease. To assess risk factors for illness, the authors conducted a case-control study. A case was defined as illness compatible with paralytic shellfish poisoning within 12 hours of the consumption of shellfish, and a control was defined as a non-ill participant at a meal in which at least one case occurred. The authors documented 54 outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning involving 117 ill persons from 1973 to 1992. One person died, four (3%) required intubation, and 29 (25%) required an emergency flight to a hospital. Outbreaks occurred with multiple shellfish species, during all four seasons, and at many locations. During the case-control study, illness was not associated with the shellfish toxin level, method of preparation, dose, race, sex, or age; alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of illness (odds ratio = 0.05; p = 0.03). Although paralytic shellfish poisoning causes significant illness, the authors could not identify risk factors with clear implications for prevention strategies. This suggests that shellfish from uncertified beaches should not be eaten. Alcohol may protect against the adverse effects of paralytic shellfish poison. C1 US CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. RP GESSNER, BD (reprint author), ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 240249,ANCHORAGE,AK, USA. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 8 BP 766 EP 770 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR995 UT WOS:A1995QR99500010 PM 7709919 ER PT J AU EWERT, DP LIEB, L HAYES, PS REEVES, MW MASCOLA, L AF EWERT, DP LIEB, L HAYES, PS REEVES, MW MASCOLA, L TI LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION AND SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AMONG HIV-INFECTED PERSONS IN LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY, 1985-1992 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; INCIDENCE; SEROTYPES; HIV ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; BACTEREMIA; MENINGITIS; VIRUS; FOODS; RISK AB Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at greater risk of infection with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) than the general population, We quantify the risk of listeriosis in persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection in Los Angeles County (LAG) and report the LM serotype distribution among HIV-infected patients with listeriosis. Active surveillance for listeriosis was performed in LAC during most of the period from 1985 through 1992. Thirty-four (10%) of 351 nonperinatal cases of listeriosis reported in LAC from 1985 through 1992 were in HIV-infected persons, 25 of whom met the 1987 AIDS case definition. The incidence of listeriosis was 95.8 and 8.8 cases per 100,000 person-years among persons with AIDS and all HIV-infected persons, respectively, but only 1.0 case per 100,000 person-years in the total population, Excluding cases from a 1985 listeriosis epidemic associated with consumption of contaminated Mexican-style cheese, 11 (65%) of 17 HIV-infected persons with available isolates were infected with LM serotype 1/2b, whereas only 64 (31%) of 208 other persons with listeriosis and available isolates were infected with LM serotype 1/2b (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-14.1). LM serogroup 1/2b may have been more common among HIV-infected persons in LAC than among other persons with listeriosis because of differences in diet or sexual practices, or to chance alone. Persons with HIV-infection, especially those with AIDS, should be educated in avoiding foods at high risk of listerial contamination, such as soft cheeses, food sold from delicatessen counters, and undercooked chicken. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL UNIT,LOS ANGELES,CA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QR080 UT WOS:A1995QR08000005 PM 7697442 ER PT J AU DELAPORTE, E BUVE, A NZILA, N GOEMAN, J DAZZA, MC HENZEL, D HEYWARD, W STLOUIS, M PIOT, P LAGA, M AF DELAPORTE, E BUVE, A NZILA, N GOEMAN, J DAZZA, MC HENZEL, D HEYWARD, W STLOUIS, M PIOT, P LAGA, M TI HTLV-I INFECTION AMONG PROSTITUTES AND PREGNANT-WOMEN IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE - HOW IMPORTANT IS HIGH-RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HTLV-I INFECTION; ZAIRE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PROSTITUTES; PREGNANT WOMEN ID VIRUS TYPE-I; CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; FEMALE PROSTITUTES; TRANSMISSION; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; AFRICA AB High-risk sexual behavior as risk factor for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection was assessed in cross-sectional studies with 1,183 prostitutes and 1,166 pregnant women in Kinshasa, Zaire. Eighty six (7.3%) prostitutes were positive for HTLV-I. The seroprevalence among prostitutes from the regions along the equator was 12.7%, whereas among prostitutes from the other regions it ranged between 0 and 4.3%. In the prostitutes from the high-prevalence regions, but not in the prostitutes from the low-prevalence regions, HTLV-I infection was associated with increasing age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.1 per year increment], active syphilis (OR = 2.3), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (OR = 2.0). Forty three (3.7%) pregnant women were HTLV-I seropositive. Among the women from low-prevalence regions, there was no significant difference in HTLV-I seroprevalence between prostitutes (4.3%) and pregnant women (3.5%). In a group of 409 prostitutes who were observed for a mean duration of 23 months, the incidence of HTLV-I infection was 0.7 per 100 women-years, whereas the incidence of HIV infection was 9.8 per 100 women-years. We conclude that in Kinshasa prostitution per se was not associated with an increased risk of HTLV-I infection. C1 INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DELAPORTE, E (reprint author), IMEA,INSERM,U13,190 BD MAC DONALD,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 8 IS 5 BP 511 EP 515 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QR080 UT WOS:A1995QR08000012 PM 7697449 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, JS DOLE, RM AF WHITAKER, JS DOLE, RM TI ORGANIZATION OF STORM TRACKS IN ZONALLY VARYING FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; BAROCLINIC WAVE ACTIVITY; BAROTROPIC INSTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; EL-NINO; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCES; ATMOSPHERE; ANOMALIES; CYCLOGENESIS AB A simple two-layer quasigeostrophic model is employed to investigate the sensitivity of storm tracks to changes in an externally imposed, zonally varying large-scale flow. Zonally asymmetric temperature and horizontal deformation fields are varied systematically in order to compare the effects of baroclinicity and horizontal deformation on storm track dynamics. The sensitivity of the storm tracks to uniform barotropic zonal flows is also examined. The results show two competing processes for storm track organization, one associated with a local maximum in baroclinicity and the other with a local minimum in horizontal deformation. When the equilibrium state consists of a zonally symmetric temperature field and a barotropic stationary wave, the maximum in synoptic-scale transient eddy energy (storm track) is located in the entrance region of the upper jet just downstream of the point of minimum horizontal deformation. As zonal variations in baroclinicity become large (keeping the upper-layer horizontal deformation constant), the storm track shifts to the jet exit region just downstream of the point of maximum baroclinicity. For flows intermediate between the above cases, that is, having weaker zonal variations in baroclinicity and the same upper-layer deformation, two storm track maxima appear, one located in the jet entrance and the other in the jet exit region. The results also indicate that the storm tracks are sensitive to changes in a uniform barotropic zonal Bow. The presence of a uniform westerly flow extends the storm track and strengthens eddy activity, while the addition of a uniform easterly flow shortens the storm track and dramatically weakens eddy activity. The changes in the magnitudes of eddy activity appear related to differences in the efficiency of nonlinear barotropic decay processes in weakening the eddies in the jet exit region. Sensitivities of the location of the storm tracks to changes in large-scale flow parameters are well captured by linear calculations, although sensitivities of the strength of the storm tracks are not. For sufficiently strong zonal variations in baroclinicity, two coherent modes of low-frequency variability develop. They are characterized synoptically by 1) a meridional shift, and 2) an extension/contraction as well as a modulation in the strength of the upper-layer jet and storm track. C1 NOAA,ERL,CDC,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WHITAKER, JS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1178 EP 1191 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1178:OOSTIZ>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QV955 UT WOS:A1995QV95500013 ER PT J AU SALEM, N JACKSON, S OWEN, P BENDER, B SENNER, J DAVIS, B LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F JOHNSON, C STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PERRY, M BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S DEJAN, E ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G JARAMILLO, P MAYLAHN, C LINGERICH, G YOUNG, D CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J ROMANO, J HESSER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R MCINTYRE, R CARSWELL, S HOLM, K KING, F CAUTLEY, E AF SALEM, N JACKSON, S OWEN, P BENDER, B SENNER, J DAVIS, B LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F JOHNSON, C STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PERRY, M BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S DEJAN, E ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G JARAMILLO, P MAYLAHN, C LINGERICH, G YOUNG, D CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J ROMANO, J HESSER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R MCINTYRE, R CARSWELL, S HOLM, K KING, F CAUTLEY, E TI HEALTH-INSURANCE COVERAGE AND RECEIPT OF PREVENTIVE HEALTH-SERVICES - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 219-225, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CARE C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SALEM, N (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 12 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 14 BP 1083 EP 1084 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QR059 UT WOS:A1995QR05900007 ER PT J AU JACKSON, S OWEN, P BENDER, B SENNER, J DAVIS, B LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F JOHNSON, C STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PERRY, M BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S DEJAN, E ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G JARAMILLO, P MAYLAHN, C LENGERICH, G YOUNG, D CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J ROMANO, J HESSER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R MCINTYRE, R CARSWELL, S HOLM, K KING, F CAUTLEY, E AF JACKSON, S OWEN, P BENDER, B SENNER, J DAVIS, B LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F JOHNSON, C STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PERRY, M BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S DEJAN, E ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G JARAMILLO, P MAYLAHN, C LENGERICH, G YOUNG, D CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J ROMANO, J HESSER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R MCINTYRE, R CARSWELL, S HOLM, K KING, F CAUTLEY, E TI HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY-OF-LIFE MEASURES - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 195-200, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JACKSON, S (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 12 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 14 BP 1084 EP 1085 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QR059 UT WOS:A1995QR05900008 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW SCHUCHAT, A DEAVER, KA MASCOLA, L WENGER, JD AF TAPPERO, JW SCHUCHAT, A DEAVER, KA MASCOLA, L WENGER, JD TI REDUCTION IN THE INCIDENCE OF HUMAN LISTERIOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES - EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION EFFORTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; FOODS; MONOCYTOGENES; ASSOCIATION AB Background.-Food-borne transmission is now recognized as a major cause of human listeriosis. Objective.-To assess the impact of prevention efforts, listeriosis rates before interventions were initiated in 1989 were compared with more recent rates (1990 through 1993). Design.-From 1989 through 1993, multistate, laboratory-based active surveillance was conducted to identify all cases in which Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cultures or ordinarily sterile sites in an aggregate population of more than 19 million. Setting.-All laboratories serving acute care hospitals in up to nine surveillance areas in the United States. Interventions.-In 1989, a well-publicized case report of listeriosis linked to processed poultry led US regulatory agencies to enforce aggressive food monitoring policies and prompted industry to invest in cleanup efforts. In May 1992, consumer guidelines for listeriosis prevention were disseminated. Outcome Measures.-Cases of perinatal and nonperinatal listeriosis. Results.-The rate of listeriosis decreased in all surveillance areas. Projection of these rates to the US population suggests an estimated 1965 cases and 481 deaths occurred in 1989 compared with an estimated 1092 cases and 248 deaths in 1993, a 44% and 48% reduction in illness and death, respectively. Among adults 50 years of age and older, rates declined from 16.2 per 1 million in 1989 to 10.2 per 1 million in 1993 (P=.02). Perinatal disease decreased from 17.4 cases per 100 000 births in 1989 to 8.6 cases per 100 000 births in 1993 (P=.003). Three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) of L monocytogenes accounted for more than 96% of cases during each year of the study (1989 through 1993). Conclusions. The incidence of listeriosis in study areas was substantially lower in 1993 than in 1989. The temporal association of this reduction with industry, regulatory, and educational efforts suggests these measures were effective. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PUBL HLTH PROGRAMS & SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP TAPPERO, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-88-2456] NR 48 TC 161 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 12 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 14 BP 1118 EP 1122 DI 10.1001/jama.273.14.1118 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QR059 UT WOS:A1995QR05900031 PM 7707600 ER PT J AU SATCHER, D HULL, FL AF SATCHER, D HULL, FL TI THE WEIGHT OF AN OUNCE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF PUBL HLTH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP D-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 12 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 14 BP 1149 EP 1150 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QR059 UT WOS:A1995QR05900036 PM 7707605 ER PT J AU MCANULTY, JM FLEMING, DW HAWLEY, MA BARON, RC AF MCANULTY, JM FLEMING, DW HAWLEY, MA BARON, RC TI MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT AB Background: With the recent resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States, it is unclear whether existing prevention strategies can successfully control and eliminate the disease. We determined the extent to which opportunities for prevention were missed among patients with tuberculosis. Methods: For all patients with active tuberculosis reported to the Oregon Health Division, Portland, from July 1991 through June 1992, we determined previous history of tuberculosis therapy, previous tuberculin skin test status, the presence of medical conditions for which skin testing is recommended, and previous health care. We then determined whether they had undergone preventive procedures in accordance with current recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. Results: Of 153 patients with active tuberculosis, 90 (59%) had indications for-but had not previously undergone-recommended procedures. Ten patients (7%) did not complete therapy for previous disease; two (1%) did not complete preventive therapy; 12 (8%) with known previous positive tuberculin skin tests and an indication for preventive therapy never received it; and 66 (43%) with known indications for screening never received a skin test. Indications for skin testing included exposure to active tuberculosis (44%), predisposing medical conditions (83%), previous residence in an institution (24%), and birth in a country with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (29%). Conclusions: Based on their known effectiveness, a major reduction in tuberculosis morbidity could occur if preventive measures were fully implemented. Appropriate skin testing is a prevention strategy of major importance. Priorities should include working to change provider practice to better ensure that persons with indications routinely receive tuberculin skin tests. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. OREGON HLTH DIV,CTR DIS PREVENT & EPIDEMIOL,PORTLAND,OR. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD APR 10 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 7 BP 713 EP 716 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.7.713 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QQ380 UT WOS:A1995QQ38000008 PM 7695459 ER PT J AU MOUNT, DL TODD, GD NAVARATNAM, V AF MOUNT, DL TODD, GD NAVARATNAM, V TI PACKED-COLUMN SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ARTEMISININ (QINGHAOSU) WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCTIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ANTIMALARIAL ARTEETHER; ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION; PLASMA; BLOOD; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; DIHYDROQINGHAOSU; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIZATION AB In this preliminary report, a supercritical fluid chromatographic method is described for the determination of artemisinin in whole blood. The chromatography is carried out on a 20 cm x 1 mm I.D. Deltabond cyano supercritical fluid chromatographic column with detection of the artemisinin via an electron-capture detector. The sample work-up uses a liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, giving a recovery of 82%. The current limit of detection using 1 mi of blood is 20 ng/ml. We speculate that the endoperoxide moiety accounts for the response to the electron-capture detector and thus provides a new approach by which this class of compounds may be analyzed. C1 UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA,CTR DRUG RES,GEORGE TOWN,MALAYSIA. RP MOUNT, DL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl. PD APR 7 PY 1995 VL 666 IS 1 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00560-R PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QU357 UT WOS:A1995QU35700020 PM 7655617 ER PT J AU JACKSON, S OWEN, P BENDER, B SENNER, J DAVIS, B LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F JOHNSON, C STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PERRY, M BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S DEJAN, E ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G JARAMILLO, P MAYLAHN, C LENGERICH, G YOUNG, D CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J ROMANO, J HESSER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R MCINTYRE, R CARSWELL, S HOLM, K KING, F CAUTLEY, E AF JACKSON, S OWEN, P BENDER, B SENNER, J DAVIS, B LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F JOHNSON, C STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PERRY, M BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S DEJAN, E ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G JARAMILLO, P MAYLAHN, C LENGERICH, G YOUNG, D CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J ROMANO, J HESSER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R MCINTYRE, R CARSWELL, S HOLM, K KING, F CAUTLEY, E TI HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 169-174, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JACKSON, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,BEHAV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 5 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 13 BP 984 EP 985 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QP890 UT WOS:A1995QP89000010 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, ER BOASE, J DAVIS, M KIRCHNER, L OSAKI, C TANINO, T SAMADPOUR, M TARR, P GOLDOFT, M LANKFORD, S KOBYASHI, J STEHRGREEN, P BRADLEY, P HINTON, B TIGHE, P PEARSON, B FLORES, GR ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R WERNER, SB VUGIA, DJ AF ALEXANDER, ER BOASE, J DAVIS, M KIRCHNER, L OSAKI, C TANINO, T SAMADPOUR, M TARR, P GOLDOFT, M LANKFORD, S KOBYASHI, J STEHRGREEN, P BRADLEY, P HINTON, B TIGHE, P PEARSON, B FLORES, GR ABBOTT, S BRYANT, R WERNER, SB VUGIA, DJ TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157/H7 OUTBREAK LINKED TO COMMERCIALLY DISTRIBUTED DRY-CURED SALAMI - WASHINGTON AND CALIFORNIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 157-160, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; O157-H7; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98105. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. SACRAMENTO CTY HLTH DEPT,SACRAMENTO,CA. SONOMA CTY HLTH DEPT,SANTA ROSA,CA. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ALEXANDER, ER (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 5 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 13 BP 985 EP 986 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QP890 UT WOS:A1995QP89000011 ER PT J AU HATHEWAY, CL FERREIRA, JL AF HATHEWAY, CL FERREIRA, JL TI DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM NEUROTOXINS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,ATLANTA,GA 30309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 11 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200011 ER PT J AU HARRISON, RO CARLSON, RE SHIRKHAN, H TURNER, WE AF HARRISON, RO CARLSON, RE SHIRKHAN, H TURNER, WE TI RAPID DIOXIN SCREENING OF MILK AND WATER BY ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IMMUNOSYSTEMS INC,MILLIPORE CORP,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. ECOCHEM RES INC,CHASKA,MN 55318. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 78 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP233 UT WOS:A1995QP23301957 ER PT J AU HILL, RH HEAD, SI BAKER, SE NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH HEAD, SI BAKER, SE NEEDHAM, LL TI URINARY PESTICIDE-RESIDUES AMONG 1,000 ADULTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 93 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200243 ER PT J AU OSHIMA, K EVANSSTRICKFADEN, T HIGHSMITH, A GOTLINSKY, B ADES, E AF OSHIMA, K EVANSSTRICKFADEN, T HIGHSMITH, A GOTLINSKY, B ADES, E TI VIRAL PARTICLE CONCENTRATION BY LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PALL CORP,PORT WASHINGTON,NY 11050. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1995 VL 209 BP 148 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA QP232 UT WOS:A1995QP23200598 ER PT J AU KALISH, ML LUO, CC BALDWIN, A SCHOCHETMAN, G MASTRO, TD WASI, C YOUNG, N VANICHSENI, S RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H MULLINS, JI DELWART, E HERRING, B ESPARZA, J HEYWARD, WL OSMANOV, S AF KALISH, ML LUO, CC BALDWIN, A SCHOCHETMAN, G MASTRO, TD WASI, C YOUNG, N VANICHSENI, S RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H MULLINS, JI DELWART, E HERRING, B ESPARZA, J HEYWARD, WL OSMANOV, S TI EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES AND DISTRIBUTION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES FROM INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. SIRIRAJ HOSP,BANGKOK 7,THAILAND. BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,BANGKOK,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS,CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RI Herring, Belinda/M-7252-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR 2 PY 1995 SU 21B BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT865 UT WOS:A1995QT86500813 ER PT J AU MORSE, SA AF MORSE, SA TI NEW DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO GENITAL ULCER DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR 2 PY 1995 SU 21B BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT865 UT WOS:A1995QT86500861 ER PT J AU RADOLF, D ROBINSON, E BOURELL, K LI, MY AKINS, DR POPOVA, TG PORCELLA, SF JONES, JD COX, DL NORGARD, MV AF RADOLF, D ROBINSON, E BOURELL, K LI, MY AKINS, DR POPOVA, TG PORCELLA, SF JONES, JD COX, DL NORGARD, MV TI CHARACTERIZATION OF TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM OUTER MEMBRANES AND RARE OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED SCH,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR 2 PY 1995 SU 21B BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT865 UT WOS:A1995QT86500863 ER PT J AU REHM, J SEMPOS, CT AF REHM, J SEMPOS, CT TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DRINKING HABITS; RISK AB Based on a large US representative cohort with detailed baseline interview and examination data, the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality is examined over a period of 15 years follow-up. Results show a significant linear relationship for females and males under 60 years of age at baseline, and a non-significant U-shape for the older ones. Both results remain stable for different kinds of adjustment including adjustment for nutritional variables and smoking. Excluding people with heart disease history at baseline leads to an even more pronounced linear relationship for both males and females under 60 years of age. Furthermore, it is shown that the curvilinear relationship for men found in previous research is partly due to the age groups examined. C1 SWISS INST PREVENT ALCOHOL & DRUG PROBLEMS,LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RI Rem, Jurgen/H-1309-2011 NR 37 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXON, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD APR PY 1995 VL 90 IS 4 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02177.x PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA QT439 UT WOS:A1995QT43900002 PM 7773106 ER PT J AU REHM, J SEMPOS, CT AF REHM, J SEMPOS, CT TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND MORTALITY - QUESTIONS ABOUT CAUSALITY, CONFOUNDING AND METHODOLOGY SO ADDICTION LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP REHM, J (reprint author), ADDICT RES FDN,DEPT SOCIAL EVALUAT & RES,33 RUSSELL ST,TORONTO,ON M5S 2S1,CANADA. RI Rem, Jurgen/H-1309-2011 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXON, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD APR PY 1995 VL 90 IS 4 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02184.x PG 6 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA QT439 UT WOS:A1995QT43900009 ER PT J AU NIEBURG, P HU, DJ MOSES, S NAGELKERKE, N AF NIEBURG, P HU, DJ MOSES, S NAGELKERKE, N TI CONTRIBUTION OF BREAST-FEEDING TO THE REPORTED VARIATION IN RATES OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD HIV TRANSMISSION SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 C1 UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA. RP NIEBURG, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 396 EP 397 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA QP022 UT WOS:A1995QP02200013 PM 7794546 ER PT J AU LERCHE, NW HENEINE, W KAPLAN, JE SPIRA, T YEE, JL KHABBAZ, RF AF LERCHE, NW HENEINE, W KAPLAN, JE SPIRA, T YEE, JL KHABBAZ, RF TI AN EXPANDED SEARCH FOR HUMAN INFECTION WITH SIMIAN TYPE-D RETROVIRUS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Note ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; RHESUS-MONKEY; BLOOD-DONORS; ANTIBODIES; AIDS; PRIMATE; PATIENT; VIRUS; SERA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LERCHE, NW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,VIROL & IMMUNOL UNIT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 4 BP 527 EP 529 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA QX912 UT WOS:A1995QX91200012 PM 7632467 ER PT J AU STRIKAS, RA AF STRIKAS, RA TI ADULT IMMUNIZATION - GUIDES FOR THE 90S SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material RP STRIKAS, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ADULT VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1050 EP & PG 0 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QR560 UT WOS:A1995QR56000001 PM 7709880 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS WILLIAMSON, DF GUNTER, EW BYERS, T AF FREEDMAN, DS WILLIAMSON, DF GUNTER, EW BYERS, T TI RELATION OF SERUM URIC-ACID TO MORTALITY AND ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE - THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COHORT STUDIES; CORONARY DISEASE; URIC ACID ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; RISK FACTOR; POPULATION; HYPERURICEMIA; RESISTANCE; PROGRAM; GLUCOSE; PLASMA; WOMEN AB Although hyperuricemia is frequently found among persons with ischemic heart disease, its importance as a risk factor remains uncertain. The authors examined this relation among 5,421 persons in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study; baseline data were collected in 1971-1975 and follow-up was through 1987. No associations were seen among men, but, among women, the serum uric acid level was predictive of mortality from all causes and from ischemic heart disease. These associations persisted even after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up and were independent of use of antihypertensive agents and diuretics, diastolic blood pressure, overweight, and other characteristics. A dose-response relation was evident for mortality from ischemic heart disease: each 1-mg/dl change in uric acid (about two thirds of the standard deviation) among women increased the rate by 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.3-1.7). Furthermore, as compared with women who had a uric acid level <4 mg/dl, those with a level greater than or equal to 7 mg/dl had a 4.8-fold (95% confidence interval 1.9-12) higher rate of ischemic heart disease mortality. In contrast, the uric acid level showed a weaker relation with disease incidence among women, with a rate ratio of 1.14 for each 1-mg/dl change. Although the biologic mechanism is unclear, further investigation into the possible role of uric acid in the development of ischemic heart disease is needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K026,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 38 TC 302 Z9 351 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 7 BP 637 EP 644 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QP479 UT WOS:A1995QP47900004 PM 7702038 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ WAGENER, DK AF KHOURY, MJ WAGENER, DK TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF GENETICS TO IMPROVE THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF DISEASE RISK-FACTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL; CANCER AB The prevention of common diseases relies on identifying risk factors and implementing intervention in high-risk groups. Nevertheless, most known risk factors have low positive predictive value (PPV) and low population-attributable fraction (PAF) for diseases (e.g., cholesterol and coronary heart disease). With advancing genetic technology, it will be possible to refine the risk-factor approach to target intervention to individuals with risk factors who also carry disease-susceptibility allele(s). We provide an epidemiological approach to assess the impact of genetic testing on the PPV and PAF associated with risk factors. Under plausible models of interaction between a risk factor and a genotype, we derive values of PPV and PAF associated with the joint effects of a risk factor and a genotype. The use of genetic testing can markedly increase the PPV of a risk factor. PPV increases with increasing genotype-risk factor interaction and increasing marginal relative risk associated with the factor, but it is inversely proportional to the prevalences of the genotype and the factor. For example, for a disease with lifetime risk of 1%, if all the risk-factor effect is confined to individuals with a susceptible genotype, a risk factor with 10% prevalence and disease relative risk of 2 in the population will have a disease PPV of 1.8%, but it will have a PPV of 91.8% among persons with a genotype of 1% prevalence. On the other hand, genetic testing and restriction of preventive measures to those susceptible may decrease the PAF of the risk factor, especially at low prevalences of the risk factor and genotype. With advances in the Human Genome Project, medicine and public health should consider the feasibility of this approach as a new paradigm for disease prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 4 BP 835 EP 844 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QP663 UT WOS:A1995QP66300004 PM 7717394 ER PT J AU TANAKA, S WILD, DK SELIGMAN, PJ HALPERIN, WE BEHRENS, VJ PUTZANDERSON, V AF TANAKA, S WILD, DK SELIGMAN, PJ HALPERIN, WE BEHRENS, VJ PUTZANDERSON, V TI PREVALENCE AND WORK-RELATEDNESS OF SELF-REPORTED CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME AMONG UNITED-STATES WORKERS - ANALYSIS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH SUPPLEMENT DATA OF 1988 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; ERGONOMICS; REPETITIVE MANUAL WORK ID CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; GROCERY CHECKERS; WORKPLACE; SYMPTOMS; NECK AB To estimate the prevalence and work-relatedness of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among U.S. workers, data from the Occupational Health Supplement of 1988 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. Among 127 million ''recent workers'' who worked during the 12 months prior to the survey, 1.47% (95% CI: 1.30; 1.65), or 1.87 million self-reported CTS, and 0.53% (95% CI: 0.42; 0.65), or 675,000, stated that their prolonged hand discomfort was called CTS by a medical person. Occupations with the highest prevalence of self-reported CTS were mail service, health care, construction, and assembly and fabrication. Industries with the highest prevalence were food products, repair services, transportation, and construction. The risk factor most strongly associated with medically called CTS was exposure to repetitive bending/twisting of the hands/wrists at work (OR = 5.2), followed by race (OR = 4.2; whites higher than nonwhites), gender (OR = 2.2; females higher than males), use of vibrating hand tools (OR = 1.8), and age (OR = 1.03; risk increasing per year). This result is consistent with previous reports in that repeated bending/twisting of the hands and wrists during manual work is etiologically related to occupational carpal tunnel syndrome. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP TANAKA, S (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,MAIL STOP R-21,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 52 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 451 EP 470 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270402 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QQ138 UT WOS:A1995QQ13800001 PM 7793419 ER PT J AU BOAL, WL FRIEDLAND, J SCHULTE, PA AF BOAL, WL FRIEDLAND, J SCHULTE, PA TI WORKERS RESPONSE TO RISK NOTIFICATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE WORKER NOTIFICATION; RISK COMMUNICATION; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; DISEASE PREVENTION ID BLADDER-CANCER; READABILITY FORMULAS; HEALTH-REGISTRY; EXPOSED WORKERS; COHORT; COMPREHENSION; SMOKING AB Since 1988, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has notified workers who were subjects in occupational epidemiology studies of the study findings (''worker notification''). This paper describes seven notifications and the worker's reactions to them. The chemicals of interest in the studies were: carbon monoxide, o-toluidine, bis-chloromethyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, acid mist, and dioxin. Materials describing the study results were sent to 15,958 subjects who were notified of their increased risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease, bladder cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, kidney dysfunction, laryngeal cancer, all cancers combined, or soft tissue sarcoma. Workers provided feedback via telephone calls, and for three notifications, by postcards containing workers' comments and ratings of the notification materials. The percentage of telephone calls received from notified workers ranged from 0.3% to 3.8%, and the percentage returning postcards ranged from 8.8% to 17.6%. The two largest categories of callers were those with questions about their disease risk (30%) or who reported on their health status (25%). Most of the comments on postcards (26%) were complimentary or expressed appreciation for receiving the letters; reports of ill health were second (20%). A majority (66%) rated the notification materials well done. Few of the callers (5%) requested information on legal issues. Most (85%) did not find the materials, which ranged in reading level from sixth to ninth grade, too hard to read, although 15% reported difficulty reading them. Although this response system was effective in producing some input from workers, its limitation is that respondents may not be representative of all notified workers. However, such information is useful because they are few data on the effects of notifications on workers. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP BOAL, WL (reprint author), NIOSH,R42,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 471 EP 483 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270403 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QQ138 UT WOS:A1995QQ13800002 PM 7793420 ER PT J AU STERN, F SCHULTE, P SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, M VOSSENAS, P BURKHARDT, G KORNAK, MF AF STERN, F SCHULTE, P SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, M VOSSENAS, P BURKHARDT, G KORNAK, MF TI PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY AMONG CONSTRUCTION LABORERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE LABORER; CONSTRUCTION; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY; INJURIES; ASBESTOS; CONSTRUCTION TRADES ID UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; INSULATION WORKERS; THYROID-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; ASBESTOS; EXPOSURE; OCCUPATION; RADIATION; SMOKING AB This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses and proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) analyses among the 11,685 members of the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), who died between 1985-1988, using U.S. proportionate mortality rates as the comparison population. Statistically significant elevated mortality risks were observed for all malignant neoplasms (N = 3285, PMR = 1.13, CI = 1.09-1.17), as well as for site-specific neoplasms of the lung (N = 1208, PCMR = 1.06, CI = 1.00-1.12), stomach (N = 170, PCMR = 1.44, CI = 1.23-1.68), and thyroid gland (N = 10, PCMR = 2.24, CI = 1.07-4.12). The PCMRs for these malignant neoplasms were elevated among both white and nonwhite males, regardless of length of union membership, in most 10-year categories of age at death above 40 and for the three largest LIUNA regions examined. The study also observed 20 mesothelioma deaths, which indicated that some LIUNA members had been previously exposed to asbestos. Statistically significant elevated risks were also observed for deaths from transportation injuries (N = 448, PMR = 1.37, CI = 1.25-1.51), falls (N = 85, PMR = 1.34, CI = 1.07-1.66), and other types of injuries (N = 245, PMR = 1.61, CI = 1.42-1.83). The deaths due to injuries were most often observed among those members who had the shortest amount of time within the union, were younger, and first entered the union after 1955. This is the first study that has examined the general mortality experience limited to construction laborers only (Bureau of Census code 869). (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 LHSFNA,WASHINGTON,DC. RP STERN, F (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PWY,MS-R15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 76 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 485 EP 509 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270404 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QQ138 UT WOS:A1995QQ13800003 PM 7793421 ER PT J AU KOO, D GOLDMAN, L BARON, R AF KOO, D GOLDMAN, L BARON, R TI IRRITANT DERMATITIS AMONG WORKERS CLEANING UP A PESTICIDE SPILL - CALIFORNIA 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CONTACT DERMATITIS; CHEMICAL IRRITANT; PESTICIDE AB An outbreak of dermatitis occurred among county jail inmates who removed dead fish from the Sacramento River in California after a spill of metam sodium. The spilled chemical decomposes to methylisothiocyanate (MITC), a known skin irritant. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the inmates and their crew leaders. Among 42 jail group members, 27 had dermatitis involving the feet and ankles; dermatitis was associated with lower extremity water contact (RR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.0-11.8); the attack rate increased with length of time spent in the water. For comparison, other state and federal employees who worked in the river at the same time were also interviewed. None reported dermatitis. Over three-quarters (24/31) of these other clean-up workers whose feet became wet changed to dry clothing immediately; none of the jail group changed immediately. The river concentration of MITC measured 20-40 ppb at the time of exposure. We speculate that prolonged wetness, occlusive boots, friction, and heat contributed to chemical irritation at this low concentration; the experience of the other clean-up workers suggests that this outbreak could have been prevented. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT DIS CONTROL,EMERYVILLE,CA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 27 IS 4 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270407 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QQ138 UT WOS:A1995QQ13800006 PM 7793424 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS E-69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0196-6553(95)90259-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT276 UT WOS:A1995QT27600008 PM 7639400 ER PT J AU LOWICHIK, A ROLLINS, N DELGADO, R VISVESVARA, GS BURNS, DK AF LOWICHIK, A ROLLINS, N DELGADO, R VISVESVARA, GS BURNS, DK TI LEPTOMYXID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS MIMICKING BRAIN-STEM GLIOMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM, INFECTION; CHILDREN, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; BRAIN STEM, NEOPLASMS ID IDENTIFICATION AB An 11-month-old infant presented with cranial nerve palsy and ataxia. MR revealed a large, enhancing pontine mass and small, nonenhancing parafalcial lesions; no organisms were seen in cerebrospinal fluid. After empiric treatment for brain stem glioma, the patient died. Autopsy revealed meningoencephalitis caused by leptomyxid amebae. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DALLAS,TX. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DALLAS,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY PI OAK BROOK PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0195-6108 J9 AM J NEURORADIOL JI Am. J. Neuroradiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 SU S BP 926 EP 929 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA QT868 UT WOS:A1995QT86800032 PM 7611076 ER PT J AU ROSCOE, RJ DEDDENS, JA SALVAN, A SCHNORR, TM AF ROSCOE, RJ DEDDENS, JA SALVAN, A SCHNORR, TM TI MORTALITY AMONG NAVAJO URANIUM MINERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; LUNG-CANCER; RADON DAUGHTERS; NEW-MEXICO; DISEASE; COHORT; MEN AB Objectives. To update mortality risks for Navajo uranium miners, a retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted of 757 Navajos from the cohort of Colorado Plateau uranium miners. Methods. Vital status was followed from 1960 to 1990. Standardized mortality ratios were estimated, with combined New Mexico and Arizona non-White mortality rates used for comparison. Cox regression models were used to evaluate exposure response relationships. Results. Elevated standardized mortality ratios were found for lung cancer (3.3), tuberculosis (2.6), and pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases (2.6). Lowered ratios were found for heart disease (0.6), circulatory disease (0.4), and liver cirrhosis (0.5). The estimated relative risk for a 5-year duration of exposure vs none was 3.7 for lung cancer, 2.1 for pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases, and 2.0 for tuberculosis. The relative risk for lung cancer was 6.9 for the midrange of cumulative exposure to radon progeny compared with the least exposed. Conclusions. Findings were consistent with those from previous studies. Twenty-three years after their last exposure to radon progeny, these light-smoking Navajo miners continue to face excess mortality risks from lung cancer and pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MATH SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. CNR,LADSEB,PADUA,ITALY. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 4 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.535 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR244 UT WOS:A1995QR24400013 PM 7702118 ER PT J AU OCARROLL, PW FRIEDE, A NOJI, EK LILLIBRIDGE, SR FRIES, DJ ATCHISON, CG AF OCARROLL, PW FRIEDE, A NOJI, EK LILLIBRIDGE, SR FRIES, DJ ATCHISON, CG TI THE RAPID IMPLEMENTATION OF A STATEWIDE EMERGENCY HEALTH INFORMATION-SYSTEM DURING THE 1993 IOWA FLOOD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID DISASTER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA. RP OCARROLL, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 4 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.564 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR244 UT WOS:A1995QR24400020 PM 7702125 ER PT J AU HAREL, Y OVERPECK, MD JONES, DH SCHEIDT, PC BIJUR, PE TRUMBLE, AC HENDERSHOT, GE AF HAREL, Y OVERPECK, MD JONES, DH SCHEIDT, PC BIJUR, PE TRUMBLE, AC HENDERSHOT, GE TI THE QUALITY OF PROXY-RESPONDENT DATA IN NCHS SURVEYS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 BAR ILAN UNIV,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 4 BP 591 EP 591 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.591 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR244 UT WOS:A1995QR24400029 PM 7702133 ER PT J AU MILLET, P GRADY, KK OLSEN, M GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB COLLINS, WE HUNTER, RL AF MILLET, P GRADY, KK OLSEN, M GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB COLLINS, WE HUNTER, RL TI USE OF THE RHESUS-MONKEY AS AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL TO TEST THE DEGREE OF EFFICACY OF AN ANTISPOROZOITE PEPTIDE MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATE COMBINED WITH COPOLYMER-BASED ADJUVANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SPOROZOITES; BLOCK POLYMER SURFACTANTS; INHIBITORY ACTIVITY; FALCIPARUM; ANTIBODIES; SELECTION; PROTEINS; ISOTYPE; SAFETY AB Humoral response against sporozoites is not effective in protecting individuals from getting malaria. Reduction in the infectivity of sporozoites has not been quantified for most anti-sporozoite vaccines tested. Quantification requires animal models providing predictable prepatent periods, e.g., time elapsed between sporozoite inoculation and detection of parasitemia, to be used as an indicator of activity against sporozoites. A delay in prepatent period from vaccinated animals would therefore reflect a protective effect in reducing the number of parasites. We report the vaccination of rhesus monkeys with a synthetic peptide reproducing part of the repeated region of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium cynomolgi. This peptide was conjugated to the carrier protein diphtheria toroid and injected with four adjuvant formulations that differed only by the type of emulsion or immunomodulator. Because all five control animals had a synchronous prepatent period after challenge with live sporozoites, it was possible to quantify the protective efficacy for each vaccine formulation, even though all monkeys developed parasitemia. Sporozoite elimination correlated with the immunomodulator and the type of emulsion. Such elimination was related neither to antibody titer against the immunizing peptide or the whole sporozoite, nor to antibody isotype induced by the vaccine formulation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 328 EP 335 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QX896 UT WOS:A1995QX89600010 PM 7741171 ER PT J AU GRIJALVA, MJ ROWLAND, EC POWELL, MR MCCORMICK, TS ESCALANTE, L AF GRIJALVA, MJ ROWLAND, EC POWELL, MR MCCORMICK, TS ESCALANTE, L TI BLOOD-DONORS IN A VECTOR-FREE ZONE OF ECUADOR POTENTIALLY INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; ANTIBODY AB Chagas' disease is a serious health problem for the population of South and Central America. Blood transfusion is the second most common way in which this disease is transmitted. Several studies have reported finding Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood in blood banks in endemic areas. Serum samples were taken from the Red Cross blood bank in Quito, a nonendemic and vector free zone of Ecuador, in December 1992 and May 1993 and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude epimastigote extract from the Brazil strain of T. cruzi. Of 162 samples examined in December 1992, 12.1%, 13.9%, and 74% were seropositive, indeterminate, and seronegative, respectively. Of 173 samples taken in May 1993, 6.2%, 17.9%, 75.9% were seropositive, indeterminate, and seronegative, respectively. Western blot analysis of these sera using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 7.5% gels separated T. cruzi epimastigote antigen proteins, and revealed a reaction with a 205-kD doublet antigen with most of the seropositive samples. These results indicate the necessity for long-term screening of blood bank donors to reduce the risk of transfusion transmission of the disease even in areas of endemic countries where the vector is not present. C1 OHIO UNIV,COLL OSTEOPATH MED,DEPT BIOL SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NACL HIGIENE & MED TROP,DEPT PATHOL,QUITO,ECUADOR. OHIO UNIV,INST TROP & GEOG DIS,ATHENS,OH 45701. OI Grijalva, Mario/0000-0003-1964-1425 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 360 EP 363 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QX896 UT WOS:A1995QX89600017 PM 7741178 ER PT J AU BURKOT, TR GRAVES, PM AF BURKOT, TR GRAVES, PM TI THE VALUE OF VECTOR-BASED ESTIMATES OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; ANOPHELES-PUNCTULATUS COMPLEX; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; SPOROZOITE RATES; DETECTION SYSTEMS; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; INFECTION-RATES; SURVIVAL RATES; HUMAN-BLOOD AB Estimating malaria transmission in the human is fraught with problems of reconciling clinical illness with parasitological status. It follows that there is a role for entomological assessments as an independent outcome variable and as a process indicator. Advances in DNA technology have expanded our capacity to identify vectors rapidly, while immunoassays allow the inoculation rate to be measured simultaneously in a number of villages with a precision 3-fold greater than measurements of vectorial capacity. The rapid specific identification of parasites in vectors has been utilized to estimate survivorship in mosquitoes per extrinsic incubation period (EIP), circumventing the need for estimates of survivorship per feeding cycle, lengths of feeding cycles or the length of the EIP. While lack of accuracy does not universally preclude the utility of estimates of the components of vectorial capacity in serving as relative estimates of transmission, particularly as process indicators, more accurate estimates of these parameters, particularly for density-dependent variables, may diminish the associated bias in their measurement. When this is accomplished, we will come closer to obtaining true rather than relative estimates of transmission. C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO 80262. RP BURKOT, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013; Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 89 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA QZ056 UT WOS:A1995QZ05600004 PM 7605122 ER PT J AU MEAD, JR YOU, XD PHARR, JE BELENKAYA, Y ARROWOOD, MJ FALLON, MT SCHINAZI, RF AF MEAD, JR YOU, XD PHARR, JE BELENKAYA, Y ARROWOOD, MJ FALLON, MT SCHINAZI, RF TI EVALUATION OF MADURAMICIN AND ALBORIXIN IN A SCID MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID RAT MODEL; NUDE-MICE; PARVUM; IONOPHORES; INFECTIONS; INVITRO AB Two polyether ionophores, maduramicin and alborixin, were evaluated for anticryptosporidial activity in a severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mouse model of cryptosporidiosis. Groups of SCID) mice were inoculated with 10(6) oocysts of bovine origin by oral gavage. Maduramicin or alborixin mas administered beginning 4 weeks postinfection at 3 mg/kg of body weight per day. Maduramicin treatment resulted in a 96% reduction in fecal parasite load over the 3-week treatment period (P < 0.003). This reduction correlated with decreases in tissue parasite loads observed in histological sections of the small intestine (P < 0.000002) and the colon (P < 0.000006). A significant decrease in oocyst shedding was also observed after a 3-week treatment with alborixin (71% reduction, P < 0.01). Maduramicin was also evaluated in a relapsing model of cryptosporidiosis in which the infection was observed to recur after treatments were discontinued. Some toxicity, as demonstrated by weight loss, was observed with both maduramicin and alborixin. Both drugs exhibited significant anticryptosporidial activities with concomitant moderate toxicity. These polyether ionophores should be valuable as positive controls in compound evaluation studies and as lead compounds for chemical optimization (modification). C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30022. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30022. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MEAD, JR (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED RES 151,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. RI Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25144] NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 4 BP 854 EP 858 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QQ123 UT WOS:A1995QQ12300011 PM 7785984 ER PT J AU SCHWEBKE, JR WHITTINGTON, W RICE, RJ HANDSFIELD, HH HALE, J HOLMES, KK AF SCHWEBKE, JR WHITTINGTON, W RICE, RJ HANDSFIELD, HH HALE, J HOLMES, KK TI TRENDS IN SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO CEFTRIAXONE FROM 1985 THROUGH 1991 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOMALLY MEDIATED RESISTANCE; UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; PENICILLIN; SPECTINOMYCIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBIOTICS; COMMUNITY; OUTBREAK AB The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 16,441 gonococcal isolates from Seattle-King County were determined for ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. From 1985 to 1989, ceftriaxone, in combination with doxycycline, was increasingly used for treatment of gonorrhea, and by 1989, it was used as therapy for >80% of cases in Seattle-King County. MICs of ceftriaxone correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with those of the other beta-lactam antibiotics included in this study. Geometric mean MICs of penicillin G for isolates that did not produce beta-lactamase increased from 1985 to 1991. The geometric mean MICs of cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline began to decline in 1987 but increased in 1990 and 1991. The percentage of strains with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC, 0.06 to 0.25 mu g/ml) rose from 0.3% in 1985 to 5.3% in 1987 but subsequently declined steadily to 2.6% in 1991, despite increased use of ceftriaxone as routine therapy for gonorrhea. Changes in patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility may be related not only to antimicrobial selection pressures but also to less well understood population shifts among Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains within a community. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07140, AI-31448] NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 4 BP 917 EP 920 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QQ123 UT WOS:A1995QQ12300022 PM 7785995 ER PT J AU KNAPP, JS NEAL, SW PAREKH, MC RICE, RJ AF KNAPP, JS NEAL, SW PAREKH, MC RICE, RJ TI IN-VITRO ACTIVITY OF A NEW FLUOROQUINOLONE, CP-99,219, AGAINST STRAINS OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID CIPROFLOXACIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The susceptibilities of 216 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to a new fluoroquinolone, CP-99,219 were determined. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin were less than or equal to 0.06 mu g/ml, the MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC(90)s) of CP-99,219, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were 0.008, 0.015, and 0.03 mu g/ml, respectively. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin were 0.125 to 0.5 mu g/ml, the MIC(90)ss of CP-99,219, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were 0.06, 0.25, and 0.5 mu g/ml, respectively. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 2.0 mu g/ml, the MIC of CP-99,219 was 0.25 mu g/ml. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,MAILSTOP D-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 4 BP 987 EP 989 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QQ123 UT WOS:A1995QQ12300037 PM 7786010 ER PT J AU RODEWALD, LE SZILAGYI, PG SHIUH, T HUMISTON, SG LEBARON, C HALL, CB AF RODEWALD, LE SZILAGYI, PG SHIUH, T HUMISTON, SG LEBARON, C HALL, CB TI IS UNDERIMMUNIZATION A MARKER FOR INSUFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF PREVENTIVE AND PRIMARY-CARE SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATIONS; CHILDREN AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that the underimmunization of young children is a marker for the lack of preventive and acute primary care. Setting: Primary care center serving an impoverished population (90% Medicaid). Design: Historical cohort study (N=1178) of children aged 12 to 30 months that determined each child's immunization status; anemia, tuberculosis, and lead screening status; and office utilization history. Screening delay was defined as missing a recommended screening by more than 3 months past the standard screening age. Results: Thirty-four percent of the population were underimmunized at 12 months of age. Compared with fully immunized children, these children were at greater risk for screening delay: anemia, 38% vs 5% (risk ratio [RR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 10.4); tuberculosis, 76% vs 44% (RR, 1.7; CI, 1.6 to 1.9); and lead, 69% vs 33% (RR, 2.1; CI, 1.9 to 2.4). These RRs increased with greater immunization delay. Compared with fully immunized children, the underimmunized group made 47% fewer preventive health visits (2.5 vs 4.7 visits per infant per year, P<.001) and 43% fewer illness Visits (2.5 vs 4.4, P<.001) and had 50% more missed appointments (2.1 vs 1.4, P<.001). Logistic regression, predicting anemia screening delay at 12 months of age, showed that underimmunization had an effect independent of utilization, with an odds ratio of 7.7 (CI, 5.2 to 12.0). Conclusion: Underimmunization was a powerful, independent marker for inadequate health supervision in this population. Implications: The current emphasis on immunizations has the benefit of targeting children at risk of lack of preventive and acute care. Improving immunization rates may have the potential to improve other aspects of primary care if immunization provision is not uncoupled from primary care. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,ROCHESTER,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [U66/CCU201907] NR 17 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 149 IS 4 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QR558 UT WOS:A1995QR55800007 PM 7704167 ER PT J AU RUDNICK, JR ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA CUSICK, L MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM JARVIS, WR AF RUDNICK, JR ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA CUSICK, L MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM JARVIS, WR TI AN OUTBREAK OF PYROGENIC REACTIONS IN CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS ASSOCIATED WITH HEMODIALYZER REUSE SO ARTIFICIAL ORGANS LA English DT Article DE PYROGENIC REACTIONS; HEMODIALYSIS; DIALYZER REUSE; ENDOTOXIN ID DIALYSIS AB In February 1992, 22 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis at an outpatient dialysis center experienced pyrogenic reactions (PR). The PR rate was significantly greater (p < 0.001) during the epidemic (February 3-5) than the pre-epidemic period (November 1, 1999-February 1, 1992). All patients with PR used dialyzers that had been manually reprocessed either on February 1 or 3. These dialyzers contained up to 120.8 EU/ml of endotoxin in the blood compartment. The only dialyzer reprocessed before February 1 that was available for analysis was found to contain no detectable endotoxin, while dialyzers reprocessed during the epidemic period contained a median endotoxin concentration of 52.8 EU/ml. The bioburden of water used to prepare dialysate was in excess of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard for water, less than or equal to 200 colony forming units (CFU)/ml. Samples of treated water collected in the reuse area were within AAMI standards at the time of the investigation (February 11 and February 26), but before the investigation, water samples were assayed with a culture method that could not detect microbial concentrations below 10(3) CFU/ml. In addition, the treated water feed line to the disinfectant container may never have been disinfected. However, no samples were collected from this line during the investigation. This outbreak emphasizes the need to use water that meets the AAMI bacteriologic and endotoxin standards of less than or equal to 200 CFU/ml and/or 5 EU/ml, respectively, for reprocessing hemodialyzers and to ensure that appropriate culture techniques are used for treated water and dialysate. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0160-564X J9 ARTIF ORGANS JI Artif. Organs PD APR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 4 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02331.x PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA QU254 UT WOS:A1995QU25400002 PM 7598647 ER PT J AU OSHIMA, KH EVANSSTRICKFADEN, TT HIGHSMITH, AK ADES, EW AF OSHIMA, KH EVANSSTRICKFADEN, TT HIGHSMITH, AK ADES, EW TI THE REMOVAL OF PHAGES T1 AND PP7, AND POLIOVIRUS FROM FLUIDS WITH HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTERS WITH MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CUTOFFS OF 50000, 13000, AND 6000 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRUS REMOVAL; VIRUS CONCENTRATION; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES ID MICROPOROUS FILTERS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; FRESH-WATER; QUALITY AB We tested the ability of hollow-fiber ultrafilters with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) of 50 000, 13 000, and 6000 to remove and detect viral agents (phage T1, 50-150 nm, phage PP7, poliovirus. 28-30 nm) from ultrapure water, 0.85% saline with 1% trypticase soy broth, and Dulbecco's modified Eagle minimum essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (DMEM-10. Virus diluted in saline and DMEM-10 were tested to evaluate filter performance under conditions that minimize the adsorption of viral particles to the filter matrix. During filtration, the retentate was returned to the input reservoir, and the permeate was removed to a separate vessel. Thus, the virus concentration in the feed increased over the course of filtration. Filter performance was evaluated by comparing the concentration of infectious virus in the initial virus suspension with the virus concentration in the permeate and retentate. Very efficient removal of phages T1 and PP7 was observed with the filters with MWCOs of 13 000 and 6000 (titer reduction >7 logs) for all three fluids tested. No poliovirus was detected in the permeate of the ultrafilters with MWCOs of 13 000 or 6000 (titer reduction >6 logs). These results indicate that the ultrafilrers with MWCOs of 13 000 and 6000 were very effective in removing small viral particles (25-30 nm) by size exclusion. The recovery efficiency of the virus in the retentate varied by fluid type. However, filtration with virus diluted in DMEM-10 resulted in consistent recovery of the viruses tested. The results suggest that these ultrafilters may have the dual potential of removing viral contaminants from fluids and concentrating virus in the retentate. C1 PALL CORP,SCI & LAB SERV,PORT WASHINGTON,NY 11050. RP OSHIMA, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU ADAMHA HHS [CRADA97-027] NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD APR-MAY PY 1995 VL 41 IS 4-5 BP 316 EP 322 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA RG958 UT WOS:A1995RG95800002 PM 8590412 ER PT J AU ANGULO, FJ GLASER, CA JURANEK, DD LAPPIN, MR REGNERY, RL AF ANGULO, FJ GLASER, CA JURANEK, DD LAPPIN, MR REGNERY, RL TI CARING FOR PETS OF IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS (REPRINTED FROM J AM VET MED ASSOC, VOL 205, PG 1711-1718, 1994) SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Reprint ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105. COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT CLIN SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP ANGULO, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSN PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERELY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD APR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 4 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QR572 UT WOS:A1995QR57200005 PM 17424395 ER PT J AU TSAI, JF MARGOLIS, HS JENG, JE HO, MS CHANG, WY LIN, ZY TSAI, JH AF TSAI, JF MARGOLIS, HS JENG, JE HO, MS CHANG, WY LIN, ZY TSAI, JH TI CIRCULATING IMMUNE-COMPLEXES IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS RELATED TO HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-B VIRUSES INFECTION SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; NON-A-HEPATITIS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; IGM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ANTIBODY; SERUM; HBSAG; CHIMPANZEES; PROTEIN AB Circulating immune complexes (CIC) may be involved in tissue damage and/or viral clearance in viral hepatitis. To assess the frequency of raised CIC in chronic hepatitis related to hepatitis B and C, IgM, IgG, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) containing CIC were determined, by conglutinin (K) and Clq assays, in 101 patients with chronic hepatitis B alone, 24 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, 48 patients with chronic hepatitis C alone, and 54 healthy controls. Compared to patients with hepatitis B alone, patients with dual infection had higher frequency of raised IgM-C1q CIC (P < 0.001) and IgM-K CIC (P < 0.01). There is no difference in the prevalence of HBsAg-CIC between patients with hepatitis B alone and those with dual infection. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C alone, conglutinin-binding CIC is the predominant type of raised CIC and correlated with more severe liver damage. In conclusion, CIC may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 KAOHSIUNG MED COLL, CLIN LAB, KAOHSIUNG, TAIWAN. ACAD SINICA, INST BIOMED SCI, TAIPEI, TAIWAN. CTR DIS CONTROL, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP TSAI, JF (reprint author), KAOHSIUNG MED COLL, DEPT INTERNAL MED, KAOHSIUNG, TAIWAN. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 75 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1006/clin.1995.1050 PG 6 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA QM343 UT WOS:A1995QM34300006 PM 7533684 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DN SCHABLE, B TENOVER, FC MILLER, RA AF SCHWARTZ, DN SCHABLE, B TENOVER, FC MILLER, RA TI LEPTOTRICHIA BUCCALIS BACTEREMIA IN PATIENTS TREATED IN A SINGLE BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT UNIT SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICEMIA; HOST DEFENSE; PREVENTION; CIPROFLOXACIN; RECIPIENTS; PENTOXIFYLLINE; ENDOCARDITIS; INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN AB We describe four cases of bacteremia due to Leptotrichia buccalis (an organism that is part of the normal human oral flora) that occurred in a bone marrow transplant unit over a 3-month period. All of the patients were neutropenic, all had mucositis or esophagitis, and all were receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin (drugs to which Leptotrichia is resistant). One patient died of adult respiratory distress syndrome; the others had minimal symptoms. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of bacterial DNA digested with Sma I demonstrated a unique banding pattern for each isolate, indicating that the isolates belonged to distinct strains. Quantitative gas-liquid chromatography of whole-cell free fatty acids confirmed the uniqueness of the strains, obviating the need to search for a common source of infection. We postulate that this outbreak resulted from antibiotic selection pressure on the oral flora in patients who had been compromised by severe neutropenia and mucosal disruption. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA. RP SCHWARTZ, DN (reprint author), COOK CTY HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,HEKTOEN BLDG,ROOM 605,1835 W HARRISON ST,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 762 EP 767 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP662 UT WOS:A1995QP66200004 PM 7795070 ER PT J AU SPACH, DH KANTER, AS DANIELS, NA NOWOWIEJSKI, DJ LARSON, AM SCHMIDT, RA SWAMINATHAN, B BRENNER, DJ AF SPACH, DH KANTER, AS DANIELS, NA NOWOWIEJSKI, DJ LARSON, AM SCHMIDT, RA SWAMINATHAN, B BRENNER, DJ TI BARTONELLA (ROCHALIMAEA) SPECIES AS A CAUSE OF APPARENT CULTURE-NEGATIVE ENDOCARDITIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HENSELAE SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PELIOSIS; PATIENT; QUINTANA AB Bartonella quintana (formerly Rochalimaea quintana) is a recently recognized cause of apparent ''culture-negative'' endocarditis. We describe a 39-year-old, homeless man who developed aortic valve endocarditis caused by B. quintana. He had a history of alcoholism and was seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus. We established that B. quintana was the cause of the endocarditis on the basis of the isolation of B. quintana from blood cultures, the compatibility of histochemical stains of cardiac valve tissue, the reactivity of the polymerase chain reaction specific for B. quintana on cardiac valve tissue, and the failure to isolate an alternative causative organism despite extensive efforts. This is the second report of endocarditis caused by B. quintana and the fourth report of endocarditis caused by a Bartonella species. On the basis of the findings of this report and those of other recent reports, further study is warranted to determine the overall role of Bartonella species in apparent culture-negative endocarditis. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,SEATTLE,WA 98104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1044 EP 1047 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP662 UT WOS:A1995QP66200044 PM 7795048 ER PT J AU BRANSON, BM AF BRANSON, BM TI EARLY INTERVENTION FOR PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; SEROPOSITIVE HOMOSEXUAL MEN; PRIMARY HIV-INFECTION; T-CELL SUBSETS AB Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves characterization of the stage of HIV disease, institution of therapy to prevent associated infections and postpone deterioration of immune function, and assistance in preventing transmission of the virus. This review examines the available data on the efficacy of current recommendations regarding the evaluation and management of persons with early HIV infection. Existing evidence supports the efficacy of physical examination, monitoring of the CD4(+) cell count, tuberculin testing (with chemotherapy for persons who test positive), anergy testing, Papanicolaou testing and screening for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection (for high-risk women), screening for syphilis, antiretroviral therapy (for symptomatic patients), and guidance in reducing the transmission of HIV. Recommended measures for which evidence of clinical efficacy is less certain include immunization against infections due to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B virus as well as antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic persons. Quantitative measurement of viral titers appears promising for the monitoring of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy; the correlations of these titers with clinical end points need to be confirmed. RP BRANSON, BM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, 1600 CLIFTON RD, MAILSTOP E02, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 289 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S3 EP S22 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700002 PM 7795107 ER PT J AU BROWN, S BECHER, J BRADY, W AF BROWN, S BECHER, J BRADY, W TI TREATMENT OF ECTOPARASITIC INFECTIONS - REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE LITERATURE, 1982-1992 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID PERMETHRIN 5-PERCENT CREAM; 1-PERCENT LINDANE SHAMPOO; HEAD LICE; COMPARATIVE TRIAL; CREME RINSE; SINGLE TREATMENT; SCABIES; PEDICULOSIS; ERADICATION; CHILDREN AB We reviewed the English-language literature of 1982-1992 for papers concerning scabies, pediculosis, and their treatments; this information was supplemented with opinions of workers in the field of ectoparasitic disease. Six treatment trials for scabies, one study of the treatment of pediculosis pubis, and additional studies on the treatment of pediculosis capitis were included. Both lindane 1% and permethrin 5% are effective treatments for scabies, although resistance to lindane does exist. Lindane 1%, permethrin 1%, and pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are all effective treatments for pediculosis. Severe reactions to lindane therapy may occur when increased skin absorption of lindane occurs. Permethrin 5% or lindane 1% is recommended for the treatment of scabies. Lindane should be used with precautions to avoid excess skin penetration and should not be used to treat infants, young children, or pregnant or lactating women, Permethrin 1%, lindane 1%, or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide is recommended for the treatment of pediculosis pubis. Pregnant and lactating women should be treated with either permethrin or with pyrethrins containing piperonyl butoxide. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. DEKALB CTY BOARD HLTH,DIV HLTH PHYS,STD HIV PROGRAM,DECATUR,GA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S104 EP S109 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700011 PM 7540875 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR SCHMID, GP AF JOESOEF, MR SCHMID, GP TI BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS - REVIEW OF TREATMENT OPTIONS AND POTENTIAL CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR THERAPY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID INFECTION; GARDNERELLA-VAGINALIS; NONSPECIFIC VAGINITIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; RISK-FACTORS; METRONIDAZOLE THERAPY; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; CLINDAMYCIN CREAM AB We reviewed data on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis published from 1989 through 1992 (articles published after the 1989 publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines). This review suggests that oral metronidazole (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) is the preferred treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Other effective (but alternative) treatment regimens include single-dose metronidazole (2 g orally), 2% clindamycin vaginal cream (once daily for 7 days), 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel (twice daily for 5 days), and oral clindamycin (300 mg twice daily for 7 days). Data do not support the practice of routine treatment of male sex partners of infected females. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy should focus on the elimination of symptoms; data on adverse pregnancy outcomes for women with bacterial vaginosis remain insufficient to recommend treatment of asymptomatic patients. Before performing surgical abortion, treatment of bacterial vaginosis (symptomatic or asymptomatic) should be considered to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease. RP JOESOEF, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S72 EP S79 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700007 PM 7795111 ER PT J AU KAMB, ML AF KAMB, ML TI CERVICAL-CANCER SCREENING OF WOMEN ATTENDING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PAP SMEAR HISTORIES; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARCINOMA; CYTOLOGY; RISK AB Prevention programs at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have traditionally focused on reducing the spread of STDs through prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections and through notification and treatment of sex partners. For women the clinic examination also offers an opportunity to prevent cervical cancer, a sequela of STDs, Women who have had STDs are at increased risk for cervical cancer, and women who seek health care at public clinics frequently have additional characteristics that place them at risk for not having had a recent Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Despite the opportunity for cervical cancer screening that is afforded by a visit to an STD clinic, in most public clinics a Pap smear is not part of the routine examination of women. This report summarizes the evidence supporting cervical cancer screening for women with STDs (particularly women attending STD clinics) and addresses the advantages, disadvantages, and net yield of previous screening programs at STD clinics. RP KAMB, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S98 EP S103 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700010 PM 7795113 ER PT J AU LEVINE, WC SCHMID, GP BRADY, WE STLOUIS, ME AF LEVINE, WC SCHMID, GP BRADY, WE STLOUIS, ME TI 1993 SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES TREATMENT GUIDELINES - ATLANTA, GEORGIA 19-21 JANUARY 1993 - INTRODUCTION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP LEVINE, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S1 EP S2 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700001 ER PT J AU MORAN, JS LEVINE, WC AF MORAN, JS LEVINE, WC TI DRUGS OF CHOICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID SINGLE-DOSE CIPROFLOXACIN; RESISTANT NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING STRAINS; COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EFFICACY; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PHARYNGEAL GONORRHEA; PROCAINE PENICILLIN AB Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial agents continues to spread and intensify. Choosing an antimicrobial regimen requires knowledge of the comparative efficacy of candidate regimens, as delineated in properly conducted clinical trials; their activity against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro; and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. We tabulated the results of trials of single-dose antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated gonococcal infection published after 1980. Thirty regimens comprising 21 antimicrobial drugs have been shown to be highly effective for rectal and urogenital infections; the agents involved are cefixime, cefodizime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, temafloxacin, azithromycin, aztreonam, netilmicin, rifampin plus erythromycin stearate, sisomicin, and spectinomycin. Few regimens have been shown to be highly effective against pharyngeal infections. Among those antimicrobial agents available for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections in the United States, ceftriaxone (125 mg), cefixime (400 mg), ciprofloxacin (500 mg), and ofloxacin (400 mg) appear to offer the best balance of proven efficacy and safety. RP MORAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, MAILSTOP E02, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 204 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S47 EP S65 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700005 PM 7795109 ER PT J AU REEF, SE LEVINE, WC MCNEIL, MM FISHERHOCH, S HOLMBERG, SD DUERR, A SMITH, D SOBEL, JD PINNER, RW AF REEF, SE LEVINE, WC MCNEIL, MM FISHERHOCH, S HOLMBERG, SD DUERR, A SMITH, D SOBEL, JD PINNER, RW TI TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS, 1993 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL TABLETS; 3-DAY TREATMENT; BUTOCONAZOLE NITRATE; MICONAZOLE TREATMENT; MULTICENTER TRIAL; ORAL KETOCONAZOLE; CANDIDOSIS; RECURRENT; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY AB Vulvovaginal candidiasis (WC), the second most common form of vaginitis, particularly affects women of childbearing age. Since the 1970s, several new agents have become available for the treatment of VVC. This review focuses on options for the treatment of this condition, critically evaluating the relevant published studies. For the treatment of acute episodes of VVC in nonpregnant women, several topical and oral antifungal agents are clinically and mycologically effective, Topical agents should be considered the first line of therapy; however, oral agents are sometimes associated with better compliance among patients, For acute episodes in pregnant women, a topical agent is the treatment of choice. Until data become available on the treatment of VVC in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the same approach as that used for women without HIV infection should be considered as previously written. For recurrent VVC, the optimal maintenance therapy has not yet been established; however, administration of low-dose oral ketoconazole (100 mg/d) has proven effective. Well-designed studies of the best therapy for VVC in women with HIV infection and for recurrent VVC are urgently needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AGA KHAN UNIV,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH SCI,KARACHI,PAKISTAN. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT MED CTR,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DETROIT,MI. NATL CTR CHRON DIS & PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP REEF, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 97 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S80 EP S90 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700008 PM 7795112 ER PT J AU ROLFS, RT AF ROLFS, RT TI TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS, 1993 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PENICILLIN-G BENZATHINE; SERONEGATIVE SECONDARY SYPHILIS; HIV-INFECTION; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; LATENT SYPHILIS; SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE; CEFTRIAXONE THERAPY AB Data on treatment of patients with syphilis were reviewed in preparation for revision of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published studies of treatment regimens available and practical for use today were reviewed, particularly in regard to the following issues: treatment for primary, secondary, and latent stages of syphilis; treatment for syphilis during pregnancy; treatment for syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; and serological criteria for evaluating response to treatment. The results of treatment and the methodological quality of the studies was considered. Most treatment recommendations must be based on expert judgment and with reliance on the clinical experience over 4 decades. For the treatment of early syphilis in HIV-uninfected patients, this is probably sufficient. Data about HIV-infected patients are insufficient both for determining whether current therapy is adequate and for recommendation of an alternative if a change in therapy is deemed necessary. RP ROLFS, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 181 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S23 EP S38 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700003 PM 7795106 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, JM SCHMID, GP AF SCHULTE, JM SCHMID, GP TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CHANCROID, 1993 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HEMOPHILUS DUCREYI INFECTION; SINGLE-DOSE CEFTRIAXONE; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; UNITED-STATES; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; INVITRO ACTIVITY; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; KENYA; SUSCEPTIBILITIES AB Since the 1989 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines were published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, changes in the efficacy of the recommended and alternative regimens for the treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infections have been described. Among recommended agents, erythromycin remains effective, and although a single dose of ceftriaxone appears to remain effective in the United States, limited data from Kenya have shown that this regimen has been associated with treatment failures. Of alternative treatment regimens, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been associated with widespread failure, but little work has been done to further evaluate the efficacy of the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin regimens. Of the new antimicrobials, azithromycin has been very effective in the United States, but the efficacy of this drug elsewhere has not been thoroughly evaluated. Fleroxacin has been very effective in Kenya. Data from Africa indicate that patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus do not respond to therapy as well as patients who are not, and patients who are uncircumcised may not respond as well to therapy as do patients who are circumcised. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR STD & HIV CONTROL,AUSTIN,TX. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S39 EP S46 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700004 PM 7795108 ER PT J AU STONE, KM AF STONE, KM TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND GENITAL WARTS - UPDATE ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TREATMENT SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; INTRALESIONAL INTERFERON ALFA-2B; ABNORMAL PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; MALE SEXUAL PARTNERS; CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA; SYSTEMIC INTERFERON; TREATMENT FAILURE; DOUBLE-BLIND; 0.5-PERCENT PODOPHYLLOTOXIN AB The treatment of genital warts remains frustrating since it is often painful, expensive, and unsuccessful. Moreover, little is known about the infectivity and natural history of exophytic genital warts or subclinical genital infection with human papillomavirus. The traditional goals of therapy for sexually transmitted diseases-eradication of infection, elimination of symptoms, prevention of long-term sequelae, and interruption of transmission-are currently not attainable for or applicable to genital warts. The medical literature from January 1988 to August 1993 was reviewed for recent studies on the treatment of exophytic warts. The following treatments were included in the reviewed studies: podofilox (which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration), podophyllin, cryotherapy, topical 5-fluorouracil, intralesional interferon, systemic interferon, and laser surgery. No single treatment modality was superior to another, and recurrence rates associated with all modalities were high. Treatment of genital warts should be guided by preferences of the patient, and a specific therapeutic regimen should be chosen with consideration of expense, efficacy, convenience, and potential for adverse effects. RP STONE, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAIL STOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 64 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S91 EP S97 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700009 PM 7540876 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT JOHNSON, RE AF WEBER, JT JOHNSON, RE TI NEW TREATMENTS FOR CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS GENITAL-INFECTION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting CY JAN 19-21, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA ID SINGLE-DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; DOXYCYCLINE; OFLOXACIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; PREGNANCY; EFFICACY; THERAPY; PHARMACOKINETICS AB To provide information for the formulation of treatment guidelines, we review recently published articles and abstracts on advances in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. We ask specific questions about new treatments that are answered on the basis of the results of clinical trials and efficacy studies. New, potentially effective treatments for C. trachomatis genital infection include azithromycin and ofloxacin, Clinical studies indicate that the efficacy of these agents is equivalent to that of the current recommended agent doxycycline. Both azithromycin and ofloxacin are substantially more expensive than doxycycline. Azithromycin has the advantage of being given as a single dose, while doxycycline and ofloxacin are administered for 1 week. Issues of compliance, cost, and toxicity for specific patients should be considered when deciding whether to treat C. trachomatis genital infections with these agents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 SU 1 BP S66 EP S71 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QQ807 UT WOS:A1995QQ80700006 PM 7795110 ER PT J AU BEALL, BW SANDEN, GN AF BEALL, BW SANDEN, GN TI CLONING AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS FOR GENE SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUR GENE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SIDEROPHORE PRODUCTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; REGULATORY GENE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; IRON; PROTEIN AB In several Gram-negative pathogens the fur (ferric uptake regulator) gene product controls the expression of many genes involved in iron uptake and virulence, To facilitate the study of iron-regulated gene expression in Bordetella pertussis, we cloned the fur gene from this organism. The B. pertussis fur gene product was 54% identical to the Escherichia coli Fur and complemented two E. coli fur mutants. As with the E. coli fur gene, sequences upstream of the B. pertussis fur were homologous to the consensus Fur-binding site and to the consensus catabolite activator protein binding site. RP BEALL, BW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 223 EP 226 DI 10.1007/BF00293637 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QK174 UT WOS:A1995QK17400006 PM 7765895 ER PT J AU ENGELGAU, MM THOMPSON, TJ SMITH, PJ HERMAN, WH AUBERT, RE GUNTER, EW WETTERHALL, SF SOUS, ES MOHAMED, AA AF ENGELGAU, MM THOMPSON, TJ SMITH, PJ HERMAN, WH AUBERT, RE GUNTER, EW WETTERHALL, SF SOUS, ES MOHAMED, AA TI SCREENING FOR DIABETES-MELLITUS IN ADULTS - THE UTILITY OF RANDOM CAPILLARY BLOOD-GLUCOSE MEASUREMENTS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE-Because half of the people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are undiagnosed and because near-normal glycemic control can prevent diabetic complications, we evaluated the use of field-based random capillary blood glucose measurement as a screening test for NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A cross-sectional sample of 828 Egyptians greater than or equal to 20 years of age underwent both a random capillary blood glucose measurement performed with a portable reflectance meter in the field and an oral glucose tolerance test in the laboratory. The sensitivity and specificity of random capillary blood glucose measurements in predicting the presence of NIDDM were evaluated. RESULTS-Multivariate analyses showed that the screening test performed better when subjects had eaten shortly before the test (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.87 for a 1-h postprandial period compared with 0.69 for an 8-h postprandial period) and that the optimal capillary blood glucose cutoff points to define a positive test increased with age. For a postprandial period of 1 h, cutoff points of 115 mg/dl for individuals 30 years of age and 140 mg/dl for those 75 years of age yielded similar performance characteristics (sensitivity 82% and specificity 78% for those 30 years old; sensitivity 81% and specificity 80% for those 75 years old). CONCLUSIONS-Adjusting random capillary blood glucose measurements for the postprandial period and using age-specific cutoff point values can improve performance of the screening test. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINIST HLTH CAIRO,INST DIABET,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP ENGELGAU, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 4 BP 463 EP 466 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.4.463 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QQ216 UT WOS:A1995QQ21600005 PM 7497854 ER PT J AU REEVES, MW PERKINS, BA DIERMAYER, M WENGER, JD AF REEVES, MW PERKINS, BA DIERMAYER, M WENGER, JD TI EPIDEMIC-ASSOCIATED NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS DETECTED BY MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID COMPLEX C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. OREGON DEPT HLTH,EMERGING INFECT PROGRAMS,PORTLAND,OR. RP REEVES, MW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 53 EP 54 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD318 UT WOS:A1995TD31800003 PM 8903159 ER PT J AU GUBLER, DJ CLARK, GG AF GUBLER, DJ CLARK, GG TI DENGUE DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - THE EMERGENCE OF A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note RP GUBLER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 11 TC 333 Z9 355 U1 0 U2 21 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD318 UT WOS:A1995TD31800004 PM 8903160 ER PT J AU RUIZTIBEN, E HOPKINS, DR RUEBUSH, TK KAISER, RL AF RUIZTIBEN, E HOPKINS, DR RUEBUSH, TK KAISER, RL TI PROGRESS TOWARD THE ERADICATION OF DRACUNCULIASIS (GUINEA-WORM-DISEASE) - 1994 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP RUIZTIBEN, E (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR,GLOBAL 2000 PROJECT,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD318 UT WOS:A1995TD31800005 PM 8903161 ER PT J AU CETRON, MS JERNIGAN, DB BREIMAN, RF BIRKHEAD, G BUTLER, JC CARTTER, ML CHESNEY, JP CRAIG, W GAYNES, RP GILCHRIST, MJR HOFFMAN, RE JORGENSEN, J KLEIN, D OBRIEN, T SCHWARTZ, B SHELDON, A SPITALNY, KC TENOVER, FC TIMPERI, RJ AF CETRON, MS JERNIGAN, DB BREIMAN, RF BIRKHEAD, G BUTLER, JC CARTTER, ML CHESNEY, JP CRAIG, W GAYNES, RP GILCHRIST, MJR HOFFMAN, RE JORGENSEN, J KLEIN, D OBRIEN, T SCHWARTZ, B SHELDON, A SPITALNY, KC TENOVER, FC TIMPERI, RJ TI ACTION PLAN FOR DRUG-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS,AUSTIN,TX. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,ELK GROVE VILLAGE,IL 60007. COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO 80222. NATL COMM CLIN LAB STAND,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WHO,COLLABORATING CTR ANTIBIOT RESISTANCE,BOSTON,MA. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625. ASSOC STATE & TERR PUBL HLTH LAB DIRECTORS,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CETRON, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD318 UT WOS:A1995TD31800008 PM 8903164 ER PT J AU COLLEY, DG AF COLLEY, DG TI WATERBORNE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS THREAT ADDRESSED SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP COLLEY, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD318 UT WOS:A1995TD31800011 PM 8903166 ER PT J AU PIRKLE, JL SAMPSON, EJ NEEDHAM, LL PATTERSON, DG ASHLEY, DL AF PIRKLE, JL SAMPSON, EJ NEEDHAM, LL PATTERSON, DG ASHLEY, DL TI USING BIOLOGICAL MONITORING TO ASSESS HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PRIORITY TOXICANTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BIOMARKERS; LEAD; DIOXIN; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; METAANALYSIS ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; BLOOD AB Scientifically valid exposure assessment is crucial to risk assessment, risk management, and prevention of environmental disease. Scientists have used three tools to assess exposure: exposure history/questionnaires, environmental monitoring {including personal monitoring), and biological monitoring. Combinations of these tools usually provide the exposure information needed to meet objectives of human studies evaluating the exposure-health effect relationship. Biological monitoring is a capable exposure assessment tool that has provided important information used in public health decisions. We briefly describe how risk assessment and risk management decisions for lead, dioxin, and volatile organic compounds have substantially benefited from exposure information obtained from biological monitoring. RP PIRKLE, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP F20,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 11 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.2307/3432559 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700006 PM 7635111 ER PT J AU EZZATIRICE, TM MURPHY, RS AF EZZATIRICE, TM MURPHY, RS TI ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESIGN OF A NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLE FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE SURVEY DESIGN; OVERSAMPLING; STRATIFICATION; MULTISTAGE SAMPLING ID POPULATIONS AB Data obtained from national probability sample surveys provide important information on the prevalence of various health conditions and distributions of physical and biochemical characteristics of the U.S. population. The sample design of a survey specifies how sampling from a designated population over a stated period is to be accomplished. A survey's analytical objectives and interests-in particular subpopulations-affect the sample design strategy. Selected subdomains of ?he population often must be oversampled so ?hat estimates can be made with acceptable precision. This article addresses sample design considerations for a national probability sample for human tissue monitoring and specimen banking. Among the sampling issues addressed are the oversampling of special populations e.g., minority groups and at-risk groups such as low income or elderly persons; geographic coverage; and sample size considerations. The sample design for a major health survey, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), is used to illustrate a complex, multistage probability sample design and to highlight some of the sampling issues discussed in this article. RP EZZATIRICE, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.2307/3432561 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700008 PM 7635113 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA SWEENEY, MH AF SCHULTE, PA SWEENEY, MH TI ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS, CONFIDENTIALITY ISSUES, RIGHTS OF HUMAN-SUBJECTS, AND USES OF MONITORING DATA IN RESEARCH AND REGULATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE ETHICS; CONFIDENTIALITY; PRIVACY; INFORMED CONSENT; HUMAN SUBJECTS; BIOMARKERS; STUDY DESIGN; BIOLOGIC SPECIMENS; SPECIMEN BANKING ID MARKERS; WORKERS AB Biomarkers are potentially powerful tools for use in research and regulation. Their derivation from biologic specimens collected from human subjects does, however, present many ethical implications. Ethical issues are relevant in almost each facet of human biomarker research studies: design, identification and recruitment of subjects, handling and use of the data, and interpretation and communication of results. Researchers also face a number of dilemmas when considering the use of human biologic specimens and new biomarkers. The mere fact that such markers are the result of measurements in human specimens gives the appearance of being more accurate than traditional sources of information such as questionnaires or environmental monitoring; yet, this may not always be the case. The meaning of the results of biomarker studies may be unclear because the purpose of the study is usually for research rather than clinical purposes. There generally are no established normal ranges for biomarkers and the interpretation of findings are often difficult. Researchers may not communicate these results to subjects or consider followup action because the task may be too difficult or undefined, or the reaction of the subject cannot be anticipated. A wide range of practices in this regard exists among researchers. Many questions remain unanswered about the use of biologic specimens. These include questions of ownership and access to specimens. Related to this is the question of whether specimens collected for one research purpose can be used for an entirely different research purpose. This is still an open question. Researchers and regulators may not be aware of the potential for biomarker information to affect the lives of subjects and their families without sufficient protection of personally identifiable data and regulation of its use. it is incumbent on researchers to consider these human subject questions whenever they are using human specimens or biomarkers. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.2307/3432563 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700010 PM 7635115 ER PT J AU WAGENER, DK AF WAGENER, DK TI ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF THE NATIONAL AND HISPANIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE ETHICS; SURVEYS; TISSUE BANKING AB The purpose of this article is to describe some ethical considerations that have arisen during the design and implementation of ?he health examination surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Three major areas of concern are discussed: sharing information from the study, banking and using banked tissue samples, and obligations for future testing of subjects. Specific concerns of sharing information include: when to inform, whom to inform, maintaining confidentiality, and how to inform individuals. Specific concerns of determining when sera will be banked and using banked samples include: depletion of samples for quality control, obtaining informed consent for unanticipated uses, access by others, and requests for batches of samples. Finally, specific concerns regarding future testing of subjects include: retesting for verification, retesting for interpretation, testing for different risk factors. and follow-up. Although existing surveys can provide experience or even suggest guidelines, the uniqueness of any new survey will generate unique ethical problems, requiring the careful formulation of unique solutions. RP WAGENER, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.2307/3432564 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700011 PM 7635116 ER PT J AU NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH ASHLEY, DL PIRKLE, JL SAMPSON, EJ AF NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH ASHLEY, DL PIRKLE, JL SAMPSON, EJ TI THE PRIORITY TOXICANT REFERENCE RANGE STUDY - INTERIM-REPORT SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking - Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Epidemiologic Research CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL DE PRIORITY TOXICANT REFERENCE RANGE STUDY; PESTICIDES; URINE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS); BLOOD; NHANES III ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN BLOOD; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BENZENE; URINE; RESIDUES; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE AB The relationship between human exposure to environmental toxicants and health effects is of utmost interest to public health scientists. To define this relationship, these scientists need accurate and precise methods for assessing human exposure and effects. One of the most accurate and precise means of assessing exposure is to measure the level of the toxicant or its primary metabolite in a biologic specimen; this has been defined as measuring the internal dose. This measurement must be quantitative to best study the dose-response relationship. Pertinent questions asked during an exposure assessment include ''How do the levels of a given toxicant in a particular population compare with the levels of that toxicant in other populations?'' and ''What is the prevalence of exposure to that toxicant in other populations!'' To answer these questions for two chemical classes of environmental toxicants, we developed state-of-the-art analytic methods and then applied them to measure the levels of 44 environmental toxicants in biologic specimens from 1000 United Stales residents who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). These 1000 people are a cross-sectional subset of the NHANES III population and were selected from urban and rural communities in four regions of the United States; ail were between 20 and 59 years of age. This subset is not a probability-based sample. The 44 environmental toxicants are 32 volatile organic compounds, which are measured at parts-per-trillion levels in whole blood, and 11 phenols and one phenoxy acid, which are measured at parts-per-billion levels in urine. We present statistical data for these toxicants in a large portion of our study's population. These analytic measurements have not been compared to any demographic characteristics, such as age and race, in this interim report. In addition, we also give examples of how the methods we developed and the reference range data we gathered have been used to assess exposure in other populations. RP NEEDHAM, LL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 3 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QY257 UT WOS:A1995QY25700014 PM 7635119 ER PT J AU QUICK, RE THOMPSON, BL ZUNIGA, A DOMINGUEZ, G DEBRIZUELA, EL DEPALMA, O ALMEIDA, S VALENCIA, A RIES, AA BEAN, NH BLAKE, PA AF QUICK, RE THOMPSON, BL ZUNIGA, A DOMINGUEZ, G DEBRIZUELA, EL DEPALMA, O ALMEIDA, S VALENCIA, A RIES, AA BEAN, NH BLAKE, PA TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN RURAL EL SALVADOR - RISK-FACTORS IN A REGION COVERED BY A CHOLERA PREVENTION CAMPAIGN SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PERU; TRANSMISSION; WATER AB In response to the Latin American cholera epidemic, El Salvador began a prevention programme in April 1991. The first case was confirmed in August, and 700 cases were reported within 3 months. A matched case-control study was conducted in rural La Libertad Department in November 1991. Illness was associated with eating cold cooked or raw seafood (odds ratio [OR] = 7.0; 95 % confidence limits [CL]= 1.4, 35.0) and with drinking water outside the home (OR = 8.8; 95 % CL = 1.7, 44.6). Assertion of knowledge about how to prevent cholera (OR = 0.2; 95 % CL = 0.1, 0.8) and eating rice (OR = 0.2; 95 % CL = 0.1, 0.8) were protective. More controls than patients regularly used soap (OR = 0.3; 95 % CL = 0.1, 1.0). This study demonstrated three important points for cholera prevention: (1) seafood should be eaten cooked and hot (2) populations at risk should be taught to treat household drinking water and to avoid drinking water outside the home unless it is known to be treated; and (3) education about hygiene can be an important, tool in preventing cholera. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,SAN SALVADOR,EL SALVADOR. MINIST PUBL HLTH & SOCIAL ASSISTANCE,SAN SALVADOR,EL SALVADOR. RP QUICK, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 1995 VL 114 IS 2 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT646 UT WOS:A1995QT64600003 PM 7705488 ER PT J AU LUM, MR AF LUM, MR TI ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC-HEALTH - FUTURE-DIRECTION, FUTURE SKILLS SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE COMMUNITY HEALTH; COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH; HEALTH RISK COMMUNICATION; PUBLIC HEALTH AB The nation's community health practitioners must take environmental public health more seriously. Today, the impact of changing ecosystems on human health, particularly relative to infectious disease, is evident. Hazardous substances, such as lead-based paint, also affect human health, particularly children's health. Embedding health communication, cultural competence, and community involvement into public health practice will help practitioners deal with the scientific uncertainty often associated with linking hazardous substance exposure to illness, injury, and disease. A new paradigm of medical assistance is needed to provide information and services. RP LUM, MR (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOXIC SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH EDUC,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM138 UT WOS:A1995QM13800005 ER PT J AU KHANNA, B ISRAEL, N LASTOVICA, A GOLD, BD AF KHANNA, B ISRAEL, N LASTOVICA, A GOLD, BD TI COMPARISON OF TOTAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G AND SUBCLASS RESPONSE (IGG I-IV) TO HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN VERSUS ADULTS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RED CROSS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CAPE TOWN,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1995 VL 108 IS 4 SU S BP A130 EP A130 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA QT863 UT WOS:A1995QT86300516 ER PT J AU NUSS, R SMITH, PS COTTON, D KISKER, T BROWN, R COHEN, A GOLDMAN, J PENNBRIDGE, J HANNAN, J AF NUSS, R SMITH, PS COTTON, D KISKER, T BROWN, R COHEN, A GOLDMAN, J PENNBRIDGE, J HANNAN, J TI COMMUNICATION ABOUT SAFER SEX AND SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE IN HIV-POSITIVE ADOLESCENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE HIV; ADOLESCENTS; HEMOPHILIA; SEX BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS EDUCATION; RISK BEHAVIOR; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; STUDENTS; CONDOMS; NORMS AB Objectives. To assess the attitudes, beliefs and feelings of adolscents and young men with severe haemophilia with respect to discussing safer sex and disclosing their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity to potential sex partners. Methods. Fifty-nine males with haemophilia from throughout the US answered open-ended questions. Results. Talking about avoidance of transmitting AIDS and disclosing one's seropositivity was beneficial, moral and wise. Nevertheless, this was exceedingly difficult, unpleasant, and fraught with fear of rejection and alienation. Communication was approved by family, friends, and health-care providers. Facilitators of communication were: knowledge and an accepting attitude about persons with HIV, a supportive person to assist with discussion, and environmental cues. Conclusion. This first report of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults reveals that although they endorse discussing safer sex and disclosing their HIV seropositivity, they are painfully aware of the social and interpersonal risks of such extremely difficult communications. C1 RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PEDIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP NUSS, R (reprint author), MT STATE REG HEMOPHILIA CTR,C-220 UCHSC,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD APR PY 1995 VL 1 IS 2 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.1995.tb00053.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA RJ494 UT WOS:A1995RJ49400009 PM 27214322 ER PT J AU GERSHON, RRM VLAHOV, D FARZADEGAN, H ALTER, MJ AF GERSHON, RRM VLAHOV, D FARZADEGAN, H ALTER, MJ TI OCCUPATIONAL RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, HEPATITIS-B VIRUS, AND HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTIONS AMONG FUNERAL SERVICE PRACTITIONERS IN MARYLAND SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL PERSONNEL; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; FINAL REPORT; EXPOSURE; PRECAUTIONS; EFFICACY; VACCINE; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of exposure and infection with bloodborne pathogens, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted among funeral service practitioners (FSPs) in Maryland. METHOD: Of 262 members of the Maryland State Funeral Directors Association, 130 (49%) volunteered to participate in the study. In addition to a brief questionnaire, designed to assess both occupational and non-occupational risk factors for bloodborne pathogen infection, participants were screened for markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and past hepatitis B virus (HBV). Titers for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) also were examined and compared with history of hepatitis B vaccination. RESULTS: Seroprevalence for HIV, HBV, and HCV infection was 0.8%, 4.6%, and 0%, respectively. Nearly 19% of participants reported at least one bloodborne exposure in the past 6 months. The one HIV infection and all but two of the HBV infections were correlated with well-established non-occupational risk behaviors. Disposable gloves were worn by 96%, and eating, drinking, or smoking during embalming were-infrequent. Sixty-one percent of FSPs reported having received one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine at some time in the past. Of those who reported having received all three doses of vaccine, 67% had adequate titers to hepatitis B surface antibody, the marker of protection related to vaccination. CONCLUSION: Compared with prior studies of FSPs, this study found a low rate of occupational exposures and a high rate of hepatitis B vaccination, suggesting improved compliance with recommendations for preventing transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GERSHON, RRM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,615 N WOLFE ST,RM 1013,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 4 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QR448 UT WOS:A1995QR44800002 PM 7636165 ER PT J AU VANDENENDE, J KUMAR, V VANGOMPEL, A VANDENENDEN, E PUTTEMANS, A GEERTS, M LEVY, J COLEBUNDERS, R EBERHARD, ML AF VANDENENDE, J KUMAR, V VANGOMPEL, A VANDENENDEN, E PUTTEMANS, A GEERTS, M LEVY, J COLEBUNDERS, R EBERHARD, ML TI SUBCUTANEOUS DIROFILARIASIS CAUSED BY DIROFILARIA (NOCHTIELLA) REPENS IN A BELGIAN PATIENT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MALARIA; SPAIN C1 UNIV ANTWERP HOSP,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. HOP ST PIERRE & ERASME,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CLIN ST JEAN,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VANDENENDE, J (reprint author), INST TROP MED,KRONENBURGSTR 433,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 4 BP 274 EP 277 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA QP906 UT WOS:A1995QP90600013 PM 7790145 ER PT J AU MCDERMOTT, JM STEKETEE, R WIRIMA, J AF MCDERMOTT, JM STEKETEE, R WIRIMA, J TI MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE GESTATION IN MALAWI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TWINS AB Background. Multiple gestation is associated with increased maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality. The prevalence of multiple gestation varies widely with the highest rates reported among populations in Africa. There have been few population-based studies of the impact of multiple gestation on pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. Data from a 1987-1990 prospective study of the effect of malaria chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women on birthweight and mortality of their infants in a rural area of Malawi were used to estimate the prevalence of multiple gestation and to quantify the risk of mortality associated with multiple gestation compared with single gestation. Results. There were 88 (2.2%) multiple gestations among 4049 women. Mortality was high; only 38% of mothers were known to have all their infants survive to 1 year, compared with 74% in singleton gestations. The increased mortality associated with multiple gestation was due to two factors: a higher frequency of low birthweight and a fourfold increase in perinatal mortality among the infants with birthweights greater than or equal to 2500 g and among infants with unknown birthweight. We estimated that multiple gestation contributes to 5.5% of the perinatal, 1.2% of the postperinatal, acid 11.5% of the maternal deaths in this population. Conclusion. Multiple gestation in Malawi contributed to increased perinatal and maternal mortality, but did not increase the risk of mortality after the perinatal period. RP MCDERMOTT, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 24 IS 2 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1093/ije/24.2.413 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA032 UT WOS:A1995RA03200021 PM 7635604 ER PT J AU LUMMUS, ZL HENNINGSEN, G AF LUMMUS, ZL HENNINGSEN, G TI MODULATION OF T-CELL ONTOGENY BY TRANSPLACENTAL BENZO(A)PYRENE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MURINE FETAL T-CELLS; T-CELL ANTIGENS; BENZO(A)PYRENE ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EPOXIDE-DNA ADDUCTS; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; SPLENIC LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MOUSE; MICE; BENZOPYRENE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; EXPOSURE AB Transplacental exposure to the carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene BaP, leads to depressed immune function and increased tumor incidence in mice. This paper reports ontogenetic T-cell changes in BALB/c mice after exposure to BaP in utero. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to fetal liver T-cells (FLT) and newborn spleen (NBS) lymphocytes purified from offspring of pregnant BALB/c mice that were given one injection of BaP (150 mg/kg body weight) in mid-gestation (day 11-13). The MAbs reacted with two T-cell membrane antigens (FLT and NBS) found in fetal liver, neonataI and adult thymus and spleen. Lymphocytes of BaP-exposed 19-day fetuses showed decreased subpopulation frequencies (P<0.05) in fetal liver total T-ceIls (from 56% to 16%), Lyl cells (from 33% to 9%), and Ly2 cells (from 56% to 1%) compared with untreated controls. In contrast, BaP increased the subpopulation frequencies (P<0.05) in FLT cells in fetal liver (from 20% to 52%) and in newborn spleen (from 21% to 51%), and increased NBS cells in newborn spleen (from 24% to 59%). The increased frequency in FLT and NBS cells was due to their relative resistance to BaP toxicity and/or BaP-enhanced proliferation in the neonatal period. Compared with untreated controls, BaP treatment resulted in reduced numbers of T-cells in fetal liver and showed a selective toxicity for Lyl cells (89% reduction) and Ly2 cells (99% reduction), whereas FLT cells were not reduced and NBS cells were reduced by 60%. Six-week-old juvenile mice exposed to BaP in utero showed recovery of total T-cells to control levels in spleen and thymus, but showed depletion (P<0.01) in thymic FLT cells (from 81% to 12%) and in splenic NBS cells (from 55% to 16%). The monoclonal antibodies developed for this study recognize novel cellular changes in the murine immune system that are associated with transplacental BaP. The FLT and NBS antigens may be useful biomarkers for developmental immune dysfunctions in progeny exposed to BaP in utero. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0192-0561 J9 INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO JI Int. J. Immunopharmacol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0192-0561(94)00098-9 PG 12 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RC161 UT WOS:A1995RC16100010 PM 7672884 ER PT J AU YEH, HC MUGGENBURG, BA GUILMETTE, RA SNIPES, MB TURNER, RS JONES, RK SMITH, JP AF YEH, HC MUGGENBURG, BA GUILMETTE, RA SNIPES, MB TURNER, RS JONES, RK SMITH, JP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROSOLS PRODUCED DURING TOTAL HIP-REPLACEMENT SURGERY IN DOGS WITH CR-51-LABELED BLOOD SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB There is increasing concern over the potential inhalation hazard to health care workers from blood-borne pathogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that inhalable, blood-associated aerosols are produced during orthopedic surgery. However, the identification and quantitative estimation of blood-associated aerosols have been based upon simple ''dipstick'' analysis of the collected samples. In order to confirm the presence of these blood-associated aerosols and to estimate the amount produced, the red blood cells of five dogs were radiolabeled with Cr-51 before aerosol samples were taken during total hip replacement procedures. Various aerosol sampling devices including a Marple personal cascade impactor, two Lovelace multi-jet impactors, and air filters were used. The Marple personal cascade impactor was worn by the surgeon. One Lovelave multi-jet impactor was sampled near the surgical site, while the other Lovelace impactor and the filter samples were taken through a probe located near the surgical site. The samples were subjected to gravimetric analyses, and blood contents were assessed by Chemstrip 9 analysis and by radioactivity counting. Results confirmed that blood-associated aerosols were produced during orthopedic surgery. The time-averaged mass concentration near the surgical site, as measured by the personal impactor, was 0.37 mg m(-3);of that amount, 6.5 mu g m(-3) (1.8 % of the total mass concentration) was attributed to red blood cells (RBCs). The estimated number of RBCs or hemoglobin that might be inhaled by a surgeon without any respiratory protection during the course of an orthopedic surgery was about 2.9 x 10(5) RBCs or 8.7 mu g of hemoglobin. About 60% of the RBCs were associated with particles larger than 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter, and about 8% of the RBCs were associated with particles less that 0.5 mu m. The number ratio between the RBCs and lymphocytes for humans is about 2200:1; thus, the estimated number of lymphocytes that might be inhaled by a surgeon without any respiratory protection during the course of an orthopedic surgery would be less than 135. To assess the significance of our finding on the potential risk to health care workers will require further studies of the relationship between pathogens and particle sizes and the viablity of pathogens associated with these blood-associated aerosols. C1 LOVELACE HLTH SYST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP YEH, HC (reprint author), INHALAT TOXICOL RES INST,POB 5890,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD APR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/0021-8502(94)00119-J PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QW106 UT WOS:A1995QW10600012 ER PT J AU NOEL, JS LEE, TW KURTZ, JB GLASS, RI MONROE, SS AF NOEL, JS LEE, TW KURTZ, JB GLASS, RI MONROE, SS TI TYPING OF HUMAN ASTROVIRUSES FROM CLINICAL ISOLATES BY ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RNA SEQUENCE; CHILDREN; VIRUSES; SEROTYPES; DIARRHEA; ADENOVIRUS; CENTERS AB A typing enzyme immunoassay (TYPE-EIA) was used to determine the antigenic types of 64 astrovirus-positive specimens from nine collections from seven countries, Six of the seven known astrovirus types were detected in the collections, with HAstV-1 predominating in all collections except for one from the United Kingdom. Selected specimens were analyzed further by reverse transcriptase PCR and nucleotide sequencing of 348 bp within the capsid protein precursor region of the genome. The phylogenetic groupings (genotypes) determined from the sequences were entirely consistent with the antigenic groupings (serotypes) of isolates obtained by using the TYPE-EIA. The genetic variation within genotypes was small compared with the variation between genotypes, allowing unambiguous categorization of all specimens. Although some strains from widely separated geographic areas had identical sequences, in general, within a region most strains of the same type were identical. The TYPE-EIA may help further our understanding of the epidemiology of astrovirus and the possible role of serotype-specific immunity, while further knowledge of sequences could facilitate the development of simpler molecular methods of typing astrovirus strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT VIROL,PUBL HLTH LAB,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 47 TC 226 Z9 246 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 797 EP 801 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QM888 UT WOS:A1995QM88800004 PM 7790440 ER PT J AU FACKLAM, R PIGOTT, N FRANKLIN, R ELLIOTT, J AF FACKLAM, R PIGOTT, N FRANKLIN, R ELLIOTT, J TI EVALUATION OF 3 DISK TESTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROCOCCI, LEUCONOSTOCS, AND PEDIOCOCCI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCI; INFECTION AB Simple rapid tests for presumptive identification of catalase-negative non-beta-hemolytic cocci (i.e., enterococci, leuconostocs, and pediococci) have not previously been available. Seven hundred thirty-four strains of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-beta-hemolytic gram-positive cocci were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin (Van(s)) by a screening procedure and production of leucine aminopeptidase (LAPase) and pyrrolidonylarylamidase (PYRase) in disk tests. Three unique patterns of activity in response to the three disks (30 mu g of vancomycin, PYRase, and LAPase) can be used to presumptively identify the vancomycin-resistant (Van(r)) enterococci (Van(r) and PYRase and LAPase positive), leuconostocs (Van(r) and PYRase and LAPase negative), and pediococci (Van(r), PYRase negative, and LAPase positive). The results indicate that, together with Gram stain characteristics and the catalase test, the vancomycin, LAPase, and PYRase disk tests can be used to presumptively identify Van(r) strains of enterococci as well as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus strains from human infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 885 EP 887 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QM888 UT WOS:A1995QM88800021 PM 7790454 ER PT J AU VISVESVARA, GS DASILVA, AJ CROPPO, GP PIENIAZEK, NJ LEITCH, GJ FERGUSON, D DEMOURA, H WALLACE, S SLEMENDA, SB TYRRELL, I MOORE, DF MEADOR, J AF VISVESVARA, GS DASILVA, AJ CROPPO, GP PIENIAZEK, NJ LEITCH, GJ FERGUSON, D DEMOURA, H WALLACE, S SLEMENDA, SB TYRRELL, I MOORE, DF MEADOR, J TI IN-VITRO CULTURE AND SEROLOGIC AND MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION OF SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS ISOLATED FROM URINE OF A PATIENT WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC DIARRHEA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; N-SP; MICROSPORIDIA; DISSEMINATION; SEQUENCE AB Microsporidian spores were identified, on the basis of Weber's staining, in urine, stool, nasal, and saliva samples of an AIDS patient with diarrhea, hematuria, dysuria, and dementia. Urine and stool samples contained numerous spores, whereas few spores were seen in the nasal and saliva samples. Spores were concentrated from urine samples and inoculated into monkey kidney cell (E6) monolayers. After 6 to 8 weeks of culture, infected E6 cells filled with spores as well as spores free in the culture supernatants were seen daily. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all stages of the parasite (CDC:V297) developed within septated, honeycomb-shaped parasitophorous vacuoles. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies using rabbit anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi, anti-Encephalitozoon hellem, and anti-CDC:V297 sera revealed that CDC:V297 reacted intensely with the homologous serum but minimally with the heterologous sera. DNA isolated from CDC:V297, when PCR amplified with E. hellem and E. cuniculi primers, did not produce the diagnostic bands of similar to 547 and similar to 549 bp characteristic of E. hellem and E. cuniculi, respectively. On the basis of these studies, we concluded that CDC:V297 fits the description of Septata intestinalis. C1 MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. ORANGE CTY PUBL HLTH LAB,SANTA ANA,CA. RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Ferguson, David/0000-0001-5045-819X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 22 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 930 EP 936 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QM888 UT WOS:A1995QM88800031 PM 7790463 ER PT J AU FUJITA, SI LASKER, BA LOTT, TJ REISS, E MORRISON, CJ AF FUJITA, SI LASKER, BA LOTT, TJ REISS, E MORRISON, CJ TI MICROTITRATION PLATE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY TO DETECT PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA FROM CANDIDA SPECIES IN BLOOD SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; ALBICANS; AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYBRIDIZATION; PROBES; CANCER; GENE AB We developed a microtitration plate enzyme immunoassay to detect PCR-amplified DNA from Candida species. Nucleotide sequences derived from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungal rDNA were used to develop species-specific oligonucleotide probes for Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei. No cross-hybridization was detected with any other fungal, bacterial, or human DNAs tested. In contrast, a C. (Torulopsis) glabrata probe cross-reacted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA but with no other DNAs tested. Genomic DNA purified from C. albicans blastoconidia suspended in blood was amplified by PCR with fungus-specific universal primers ITS3 and ITS4. With the C. albicans-specific probe labeled with digoxigenin, a biotinylated capture probe, and streptavidin-coated microtitration plates, amplified DNA from as few as two C. albicans cells per 0.2 ml of blood could be detected by enzyme immunoassay. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KANAZAWA UNIV HOSP,CENT CLIN LAB,KANAZAWA,ISHIKAWA,JAPAN. NR 37 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QM888 UT WOS:A1995QM88800037 PM 7790469 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SR MARTIN, DH CAMMARATA, C MORSE, SA AF JOHNSON, SR MARTIN, DH CAMMARATA, C MORSE, SA TI ALTERATIONS IN SAMPLE PREPARATION INCREASE SENSITIVITY OF PCR ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CHANCROID SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI AB A PCR assay for the detection of Haemophilus ducreyi in clinical specimens taken from genital ulcers was developed. Although H. ducreyi, when present in such specimens, could be detected by PCR, the sensitivity of the assay was reduced by the presence of Taq polymerase inhibitors in the specimen. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was improved by the use of detergents in preparing nucleic acids from clinical specimens and by the inclusion of a dialysis step prior to amplification. In addition, sodium phosphate included in the transport medium was found to be an inhibitor of the Taq polymerase. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. RP JOHNSON, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,D13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1038 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QM888 UT WOS:A1995QM88800058 PM 7790433 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO AULTMAN, TV CURRAN, JW AF VALDISERRI, RO AULTMAN, TV CURRAN, JW TI COMMUNITY-PLANNING - A NATIONAL, STRATEGY TO IMPROVE HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROMOTION; AIDS AB Beginning in fiscal year (FY) 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with health departments and other human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention partners, set in motion a significant innovation in HIV prevention programs: HIV Prevention Community Planning. This process, implemented by all 65 health departments receiving HIV prevention funds from CDC, requires that the identification and prioritization of HIV prevention needs be a shared responsibility between the health departments administering the funds and representatives of the affected communities for whom the services are intended. Guidance for this planning process strongly embraces the notion that high priority HIV prevention strategies and interventions must have a sound basis in behavioral and social science and that program planning must begin with an accurate assessment of the epidemiology of the current and projected future HIV epidemic. Rather than mandate a single standardized process for all of the 65 jurisdictions, CDC guidance provides flexibility for each jurisdiction to configure a planning process responsive to its own unique circumstances. However, all planning activities must be guided by 13 essential principles. This article will describe the principles and logistics of HIV Prevention Community Planning, identify the potential program benefits of this new undertaking, and describe implementation challenges. RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,PROGRAM OPERAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF02260331 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ270 UT WOS:A1995QZ27000004 PM 7642797 ER PT J AU GIST, GL BURG, JAR AF GIST, GL BURG, JAR TI METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTING SUBSTANCES FOR THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE REGISTRY SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Exposure Registry was created in response to the pervasiveness of chemical contamination at the nation's waste sites and the relative lack of information on human health outcomes associated with long-term, low-level exposure to most of these substances. A ranking scheme was developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to select the substances for which substance-specific subregistries of the National Exposure Registry would be developed. This scheme uses a general decision analysis approach that incorporates the most relevant and up-to-date data available on the substances found at sites known to ATSDR. There are currently four general subregistries (volatile organic compounds, dioxins, heavy metals, and radioactive substances) made up of persons exposed to specific primary contaminants, as selected by means of this ranking scheme. RP GIST, GL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 2 BP 197 EP 208 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RR234 UT WOS:A1995RR23400007 PM 7492906 ER PT J AU POPOVIC, T WHARTON, M WENGER, JD MCINTYRE, L WACHSMUTH, IK AF POPOVIC, T WHARTON, M WENGER, JD MCINTYRE, L WACHSMUTH, IK TI ARE WE READY FOR DIPHTHERIA - A REPORT FROM THE DIPHTHERIA DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHOP, ATLANTA, 11 AND 12 JULY 1994 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNITY; TETANUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP POPOVIC, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 765 EP 767 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200001 PM 7706801 ER PT J AU ZEITZ, PS BUTLER, JC CHEEK, JE SAMUEL, MC CHILDS, JE SHANDS, LA TURNER, RE VOORHEES, RE SARISKY, J ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG CHAPMAN, L REEF, SE KOMATSU, KK DALTON, C KREBS, JW MAUPIN, GO GAGE, K SEWELL, CM BREIMAN, RF PETERS, CJ AF ZEITZ, PS BUTLER, JC CHEEK, JE SAMUEL, MC CHILDS, JE SHANDS, LA TURNER, RE VOORHEES, RE SARISKY, J ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG CHAPMAN, L REEF, SE KOMATSU, KK DALTON, C KREBS, JW MAUPIN, GO GAGE, K SEWELL, CM BREIMAN, RF PETERS, CJ TI A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME DURING AN OUTBREAK IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; HANTAAN AB In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurred in the southwestern United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households (household controls), members of neighboring households (near controls), and members of randomly selected households greater than or equal to 24 km away (far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near (P = .03) or far control households (P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for, case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio [OR], 12.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-143.0) or to clean feed storage areas (OR, 33.4; 95% CI, 1.7-666.0). Case-patients were more likely than near controls to plant (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.1-34.0) and more likely than far controls to clean animal sheds (OR, 11.9; 95% CI, 1.4-103.0). Peridomestic cleaning, agricultural activities, and an increased number of small rodents at the household were associated with HPS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,FT COLLINS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. INDIAN HLTH SERV,HQ W,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,WINDOW ROCK,AZ. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; OI Zeitz, Paul/0000-0002-0865-088X NR 27 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 864 EP 870 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200015 PM 7706812 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JC BREIMAN, RF LIPMAN, HB HOFMANN, J FACKLAM, RR AF BUTLER, JC BREIMAN, RF LIPMAN, HB HOFMANN, J FACKLAM, RR TI SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS AMONG PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1978-1994 - IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A CONJUGATE VACCINE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; B DISEASE; CHILDHOOD; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMOLYSIN; MENINGITIS; PROTECTION AB Conjugation of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens to a protein carrier may improve protective immunity after vaccination of young children, an age group with high incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and poor immune responses to polysaccharide vaccines. To identify serotypes most commonly associated with infection in young children, pneumococcal isolates were serotyped from 3884 children <6 years old (including 3007 <2 years old) with pneumococcal bacteremia (n = 3169), meningitis (n = 401), or otitis media (n = 314). The isolates were submitted as part of a national surveillance during 1978-1994. Seven serotypes (14, 6B, 19F, 18C, 23F, 4, and 9V) accounted for 3045 isolates (78%). A conjugate pneumococcal vaccine protecting against these seven serotypes and serologically cross-reactive serotypes could potentially prevent 86% of bacteremia and 83% of meningitis but only 65% of otitis media cases. The proportion of isolates covered by such a vaccine increased from 78% to 87% during 1978-1994. Surveillance for pneumococcal serotypes causing infection is needed to detect shifts in serotype distribution over time. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUTLER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 205 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 885 EP 889 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200018 PM 7706815 ER PT J AU JONES, JL FLEMING, PL CIESIELSKI, CA HU, DJ KAPLAN, JE WARD, JW AF JONES, JL FLEMING, PL CIESIELSKI, CA HU, DJ KAPLAN, JE WARD, JW TI COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AMONG PERSONS WITH AIDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; DISSEMINATION; THERAPY; IMMITIS; HUMANS; AREA AB Adults and adolescents diagnosed with AIDS from 1987 through 1992 residing in counties endemic (selected counties in California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah) and not endemic for Coccidioides immitis were assessed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for disseminated coccidioidomycosis, Of 602 AIDS patients reported with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, 323 (1.1% of AIDS patients) resided in C. immitis-endemic counties and 279 (0.1% of AIDS patients) resided in C. immitis-nonendemic counties in 35 states. In multivariate analysis, patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis in C. immitis-endemic counties were more likely to be injecting drug users (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-3.7) and blood product recipients (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-8.3) than to be homosexual or bisexual men, Of patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, 63% had died by 1 year after AIDS diagnosis, Disseminated coccidioidomycosis should be considered in AIDS patients in all areas of the United States. RP JONES, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 961 EP 966 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200029 PM 7706825 ER PT J AU VITEK, CR GRACIA, FI GIUSTI, R FUKUDA, K GREEN, DB CASTILLO, LC ARMIEN, B KHABBAZ, RF LEVINE, PH KAPLAN, JE BLATTNER, WA AF VITEK, CR GRACIA, FI GIUSTI, R FUKUDA, K GREEN, DB CASTILLO, LC ARMIEN, B KHABBAZ, RF LEVINE, PH KAPLAN, JE BLATTNER, WA TI EVIDENCE FOR SEXUAL AND MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II AMONG GUAYMI INDIANS, PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA VIRUS; HTLV-II; INFECTION AB Guaymi Indians, a non-intravenous drug-using population in which human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) is endemic, were studied in Changuinola, Panama, to identify the prevalence and modes of transmission of HTLV-II, A population-based survey showed that 352 (9.5%) of the 3686 participants were seropositive for HTLV-II, Infection rates were the same for male and female subjects and increased significantly with age, beginning in young adulthood. HTLV-II infection status was highly concordant among spouses (P < .001) and between mother and child; of children aged 1-10 years, 36 of 219 born to seropositive mothers were seropositive compared with 3 of 997 born to seronegative mothers (P < .001), The strong associations of HTLV-II infection with age and with an infected spouse in adults and of infection in children with infection in their mothers strongly suggest sexual and mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-II in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1022 EP 1026 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200040 PM 7706781 ER PT J AU SHEFER, A DALES, L NELSON, M WERNER, B BARON, R JACKSON, R AF SHEFER, A DALES, L NELSON, M WERNER, B BARON, R JACKSON, R TI USE AND SAFETY OF ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE AMONG ADULT HOSPITAL STAFF DURING AN OUTBREAK OF PERTUSSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION AB During May and June 1993, 10 patients and 5 members of the clinical staff at a hospital in California were diagnosed with Bordetella pertussis infection, In addition to erythromycin prophylaxis, 630 (48%) of 1330 staff members received a half dose of acellular pertussis vaccine with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (DTaP), To identify side effects of the vaccine, a questionnaire was completed by 344 (54%) of 630 vaccinated staff, Side effects were reported by 117 respondents (34%); 64 were classified as mild (local reaction at injection site) and 50 as moderate (systemic complaints or local reaction resulting in limitation of arm movement), Three vaccinees (<1%) reported missing 1 or more days of work because of their symptoms. Local reactions at the injection site occurred in 100 (29%), systemic symptoms in 38 (11%), and limitation of arm movement in 18 (5%), This study indicates that use of half dose of DTaP in adults appears safe and should be considered as an adjunct to chemoprophylaxis during institutional outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1056 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200048 PM 7706789 ER PT J AU GAMBEL, JM DEFRAITES, R HOKE, C BROWN, A SANCHEZ, J KARABATSOS, N TSAI, T MESCHIEVITZ, C AF GAMBEL, JM DEFRAITES, R HOKE, C BROWN, A SANCHEZ, J KARABATSOS, N TSAI, T MESCHIEVITZ, C TI JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE - PERSISTENCE OF ANTIBODY UP TO 3 YEARS AFTER A 3-DOSE PRIMARY SERIES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID NEUTRALIZATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CONNAUGHT LABS INC,SWIFTWATER,PA 18370. RP GAMBEL, JM (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 3 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 4 BP 1074 EP 1074 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QP912 UT WOS:A1995QP91200062 PM 7706798 ER PT J AU NOMURA, GS PATTERSON, DG AF NOMURA, GS PATTERSON, DG TI SYNTHESIS OF 3,5,6-TRICHLOROPYRIDIN-2-OL-2,3,4,5,6-C-13(5)-N-15 - A METABOLITE OF O,O-DIETHYL-O-(3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDYL)PHOSPHOROTHIOATE (CHLORPYRIFOS) SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE CHLORPYRIFOS; 3,5,6-TRICHLOROPYRIDIN-2-OL; STABLE ISOTOPE; QUANTITATION; INTERNAL STANDARD AB A stable isotope-labelled analog of 3,5,5-trichloropyridin-2-ol has been synthesized. 3,5,6-Trichloropyridin-2-ol-2,3,4, 5,6-C-13(5)-N-15 was synthesized in a copper catalyzed cyclization from trichloroacetyl chloride-1,2-C-13(2) and acrylonitrile-1,2,3-C-13(3)-N-15. RP NOMURA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD APR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 4 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1002/jlcr.2580360406 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA QR179 UT WOS:A1995QR17900007 ER PT J AU BOXER, PA BURNETT, C SWANSON, N AF BOXER, PA BURNETT, C SWANSON, N TI SUICIDE AND OCCUPATION - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY; BRITISH PATHOLOGISTS; POLICE OFFICERS; WORKERS; DEATH; FARMERS; PHYSICIANS; PATTERNS; DOCTORS AB Suicide is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. Suicide rates have been reported to be particularly high in professional, managerial, and executive groups. We reviewed English language epidemiological studies on suicide and occupation published since 1982. Some studies suggest that workers in a number of occupations, including chemistry, farming, and law enforcement, may have elevated suicide rates. The weight of current evidence supports the conclusion that both male and female physicians have elevated rates of suicide, with females at particularly high risk. Elevated rates of suicide in a particular occupational group may result from a complex interaction between job factors such as work stress and access to means and other risk factors such as age and presence of a mental disorder. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 91 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP 442 EP 452 DI 10.1097/00043764-199504000-00016 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QT048 UT WOS:A1995QT04800009 PM 7670900 ER PT J AU DULIEGE, AM AMOS, CI FELTON, S BIGGAR, RJ ZIEGLER, J CRUIKSHANK, M LEVY, J MEATES, MA GIBB, D MAYAUX, MJ TEGLAS, JP LAURENT, C BLANCHE, S ROUZIOUX, C HELLINGGIESE, G MATTNER, U HOEGER, PH CONLON, T GRIFFIN, E DEMARIA, A BENEDETTO, A PRINCIPI, N GIAQUINTO, C GIANCOMELLI, A MOK, J CASABONA, J FORTUNY, C URIZ, S PEREZ, JM TUSETRUIZ, MC LEON, P ELORZA, JFY CANOSA, C BRANDLE, B SEGER, R NADAL, D IRION, O WYLER, CA DAVIS, P LALLEMANT, M LALLEMANTLECOEUR, S HITIMANA, DG LEPAGE, P VANDEPERRE, P DABIS, F MARUM, L NDUGWA, C TINDYEBWA, D ACENG, E MMIRO, F SUTONGAS, T OLNESS, K LAPOINTE, N RUBINSTEIN, A BURGE, D STECHENBERG, BW COOPER, E REGAN, AM SHIPKOWITZ, S WIZNIA, A BRUNELL, PA COURVILLE, T RUTSTEIN, R MCINTOSH, K PETRU, A OLEARY, M CHURCH, J TAYLOR, S SQUIRES, J MALLORY, M YOGEV, R KLAUKE, B RAKUSAN, T PLUMLEY, S SHELTON, MM WILFERT, C LANE, B ABRAMS, EJ RANA, S CHANDAVASU, O PUVABANDITSIN, S CHOW, JH SHAH, K NACHMAN, S ONEILL, R SELWYN, P SHOENBAUM, E BARZILAI, A WARFORD, R GUPTA, A AHERN, L PAHWA, S PNUGOTI, N GARCIATRIAS, DE BAKSHI, S LANDESMAN, S MENDEZ, H MOROSO, G MENDEZBAUTISTA, RD FIKRIG, S BELMAN, A KLINE, MW HANSON, C EDELSON, P HINDS, G VANDYKE, R CLARK, R WARA, DW MANIO, EB JOHNSON, G WELLS, L JOHNSON, JP ALGER, L LUZURIAGA, K MASTRUCCI, T SUNKUTU, MR RODRIGUEZ, Z DOYLE, M REUBEN, J BRYSON, Y DILLON, M SIMPSON, BJ ANDIMAN, W URIBE, P AF DULIEGE, AM AMOS, CI FELTON, S BIGGAR, RJ ZIEGLER, J CRUIKSHANK, M LEVY, J MEATES, MA GIBB, D MAYAUX, MJ TEGLAS, JP LAURENT, C BLANCHE, S ROUZIOUX, C HELLINGGIESE, G MATTNER, U HOEGER, PH CONLON, T GRIFFIN, E DEMARIA, A BENEDETTO, A PRINCIPI, N GIAQUINTO, C GIANCOMELLI, A MOK, J CASABONA, J FORTUNY, C URIZ, S PEREZ, JM TUSETRUIZ, MC LEON, P ELORZA, JFY CANOSA, C BRANDLE, B SEGER, R NADAL, D IRION, O WYLER, CA DAVIS, P LALLEMANT, M LALLEMANTLECOEUR, S HITIMANA, DG LEPAGE, P VANDEPERRE, P DABIS, F MARUM, L NDUGWA, C TINDYEBWA, D ACENG, E MMIRO, F SUTONGAS, T OLNESS, K LAPOINTE, N RUBINSTEIN, A BURGE, D STECHENBERG, BW COOPER, E REGAN, AM SHIPKOWITZ, S WIZNIA, A BRUNELL, PA COURVILLE, T RUTSTEIN, R MCINTOSH, K PETRU, A OLEARY, M CHURCH, J TAYLOR, S SQUIRES, J MALLORY, M YOGEV, R KLAUKE, B RAKUSAN, T PLUMLEY, S SHELTON, MM WILFERT, C LANE, B ABRAMS, EJ RANA, S CHANDAVASU, O PUVABANDITSIN, S CHOW, JH SHAH, K NACHMAN, S ONEILL, R SELWYN, P SHOENBAUM, E BARZILAI, A WARFORD, R GUPTA, A AHERN, L PAHWA, S PNUGOTI, N GARCIATRIAS, DE BAKSHI, S LANDESMAN, S MENDEZ, H MOROSO, G MENDEZBAUTISTA, RD FIKRIG, S BELMAN, A KLINE, MW HANSON, C EDELSON, P HINDS, G VANDYKE, R CLARK, R WARA, DW MANIO, EB JOHNSON, G WELLS, L JOHNSON, JP ALGER, L LUZURIAGA, K MASTRUCCI, T SUNKUTU, MR RODRIGUEZ, Z DOYLE, M REUBEN, J BRYSON, Y DILLON, M SIMPSON, BJ ANDIMAN, W URIBE, P TI BIRTH-ORDER, DELIVERY ROUTE, AND CONCORDANCE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 FROM MOTHERS TO TWINS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; WOMEN; RISK; CHILDREN; INFANTS; ANTIBODIES; SECRETIONS; DIAGNOSIS; LABOR AB Background: We evaluated data from prospectively identified twins to understand better the mechanisms and covariates of mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: Using data obtained from an international collaboration and multivariate quasilikelihood modeling, we assessed concordance, birth order, route of delivery, and other factors for HIV infection in 115 prospectively studied twin pairs born to HIV-infected women. Actuarial methods were used to evaluate overall survival and survival free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for HIV-infected twins. Results: Infection with HIV occurred in 35% of vaginally delivered firstborn (A) twins, 16% of cesarean-delivered A twins, 15% of vaginally delivered second-born (B) twins, and 8% of cesarean-delivered B twins. In a multivariate model, the adjusted odds ratios for HIV infection were 11.8 (confidence interval: 3.1 to 45.3) for concordance of infection with the co-twin, 2.8 (confidence interval: 1.6 to 5.0) for A versus B twins, and 2.7 (confidence interval: 1.1 to 6.6) for vaginally delivered versus cesarean-delivered twins. Among A twins, 52% (lower confidence limit: 6%) of the transmission risk was related to vaginal delivery, Comparing vaginally delivered A twins (infants most exposed to vaginal mucus and blood) to cesarean-delivered B twins (infants least exposed), 76% (lower confidence limit: 48%) of the transmission risk was related to vaginal exposure. Infected B twins had slightly reduced Quetelet indexes and more rapid development of illnesses related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conclusions: These results indicate that HIV infection of B twins occurs predominantly in utero, whereas infection of A twins (and, by implication, singletons) occurs predominantly intrapartum, We propose that intrapartum transmission is responsible for the majority of pediatric HIV infections and that reducing exposure to HIV in the birth canal may reduce transmission of the virus from mother to infant. C1 BIOCINE CO, EMERYVILLE, CA USA. MD ANDERSON CANC CTR, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, HOUSTON, TX USA. RES TRIANGLE INST, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NCI, VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. UNIV NEW S WALES, RANDWICK, NSW, AUSTRALIA. HOP ST PIERRE & ERASME, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. ROYAL FREE HOSP, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND. GREAT ORMOND ST HOSP SICK CHILDREN, LONDON, ENGLAND. FRAUNKLIN FINKENAU, HAMBURG, GERMANY. COOMBE LYING IN HOSP, DUBLIN 8, IRELAND. UNIV GENOA, HOSP S MARTINO, I-16126 GENOA, ITALY. SAN CAMILLO HOSP, ROME, ITALY. UNIV MILAN, MILAN, ITALY. UNIV PADUA, PADUA, ITALY. CITY HOSP, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. CATALAN REGISTRY SEROPOSIT CHILDREN, BARCELONA, SPAIN. GEN HOSP, VALENCIA, SPAIN. UNIV HOSP VALENCIA, VALENCIA, SPAIN. KINDERSPITAL ZURICH, CH-8032 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. LA FE CHILDRENS HOSP, VALENCIA, SPAIN. UNIV HOSP GENEVA, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. LLANDOUGH HOSP, CARDIFF, S GLAM, WALES. HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, ORSTOM, CONGO FRANCE, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. CTR HOSP KIGALI, KIGALI, RWANDA. UGANDA CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV COLLABORAT, KAMPALA, UGANDA. PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. HOP ST JUSTINE, MONTREAL, PQ H3T 1C5, CANADA. BAY STATE MED CTR, SPRINGFIELD, MA USA. BOSTON CITY HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BRIDGEPORT HOSP, BRIDGEPORT, CT USA. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR, DEPT MED, BRONX, NY 10457 USA. CEDARS SINAI LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP, BOSTON, MA USA. CHILDRENS HOSP NO CALIF, OAKLAND, CA USA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90027 USA. CHILDRENS MED CTR, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP, CHICAGO, IL 60614 USA. CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20010 USA. COOK FT WORTH CHILDRENS MED CTR, FT WORTH, TX USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DURHAM, NC USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. JERSEY CITY MED CTR, JERSEY CITY, NJ USA. LINCOLN HOSP CTR, BRONX, NY USA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. NEW YORK MED COLL, NEW YORK, NY USA. N SHORE UNIV HOSP, MANHASSET, NY USA. ARNAU UNIV HOSP, BAYAMON, PR USA. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP, BAYSIDE, NY USA. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR, BROOKLYN, NY 11203 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, CHILDRENS MED CTR, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. CORNELL UNIV, MED CTR, NEW YORK HOSP, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. UNIV CONNECTICUT, CTR HLTH, FARMINGTON, CT USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, CHICAGO, IL USA. UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, WORCESTER, MA 01605 USA. UNIV MIAMI, MIAMI, FL 33152 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SCH MED, HOUSTON, TX USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR, NEW HAVEN, CT 06504 USA. UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE. RI Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-95612] NR 31 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1995 VL 126 IS 4 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70365-9 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QR212 UT WOS:A1995QR21200022 PM 7699546 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML SLEET, DA BREWER, RD FENLEY, MA PROTZEL, PI SACKS, JJ THORNTON, TN NOWAK, ND MOORE, B BELLONI, J AF ROSENBERG, ML SLEET, DA BREWER, RD FENLEY, MA PROTZEL, PI SACKS, JJ THORNTON, TN NOWAK, ND MOORE, B BELLONI, J TI INJURY CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BICYCLE HELMETS SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEAD-INJURIES; SAFETY HELMETS; CHILDREN; ACCIDENTS; SEVERITY AB These guidelines were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for state and local agencies and organizations planning programs to prevent head injuries among bicyclists through use of bicycle helmets. The guidelines contain information on the magnitude and extent of the the problem of bicycle-related head injuries and potential impact of increased helmet use; characteristics of helmets, including biomechanical characteristics, helmet standards, and performance in actual crash conditions; barriers that impede increased helmet use; and approaches to increasing use of bicycle helmets within the community. In addition, bicycle helmet legislation and community educational campaigns are evaluated. C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD APR PY 1995 VL 65 IS 4 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QU859 UT WOS:A1995QU85900004 ER PT J AU WETLE, T SCHERR, P BRANCH, LG RESNICK, NM HARRIS, T EVANS, D TAYLOR, JO AF WETLE, T SCHERR, P BRANCH, LG RESNICK, NM HARRIS, T EVANS, D TAYLOR, JO TI DIFFICULTY WITH HOLDING URINE AMONG OLDER PERSONS IN A GEOGRAPHICALLY DEFINED COMMUNITY - PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INCONTINENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS; SEVERITY; IMPACT; WOMEN; HOME AB OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of difficulty holding urine among a population of community-dwelling older people. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A population census identified all residents aged 65 years and older residing in East Boston, Massachusetts, in 1982. MEASURES: Data collected via in-home interviews were used to estimate the prevalence of difficulty holding urine and to provide information regarding potential, correlates of urinary difficulty. RESULTS: Of the 3809 study participants (85% response rate), 28% reported having ''difficulty holding urine until they can get to a toilet'' at least some of the time, and 8% reported difficulty ''most'' or ''all of the time.'' Difficulty was associated with age and sex; 44% of women and 34% of men reported some difficulty (P <.001), and 9% of women and 6% of men (P <.001) reported difficulty most or all of the time. For respondents aged 65 to 74 years, 40% reported some difficulty, compared with 47% of those aged 85 and older (P-trend <.001); difficulty most or all of the time was reported by 6% of those aged 65 to 74 and 12% of those aged 85 and older (P-trend <0.01) Difficulty holding urine was associated with important health and functional measures including depression, stroke, chronic cough, night awakening, fecal incontinence, problems with activities of daily living, decreased frequency and ease in getting out of the house, and poor self-perception of health. CONCLUSIONS: Difficulty holding urine is a prevalent condition among older people living in the community and is associated highly with a number of health conditions and functional problems. C1 HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. ABT ASSOCIATES INC,BOSTON,MA. W ROXBURY DVAMC,GRECC,BROCKTON,MA. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,DIV UROL,BOSTON,MA. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT COMMUNITY MED & HLTH CARE,STORRS,CT 06269. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RP WETLE, T (reprint author), INST LIVING,400 WASHINGTON ST,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [N0 1-AG-0-2106] NR 42 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 4 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA QR082 UT WOS:A1995QR08200004 PM 7706622 ER PT J AU LOCKHART, JM DAVIDSON, WR DAWSON, JE STALLKNECHT, DE AF LOCKHART, JM DAVIDSON, WR DAWSON, JE STALLKNECHT, DE TI TEMPORAL ASSOCIATION OF AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM WITH THE PRESENCE OF EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS REACTIVE ANTIBODIES IN WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; SEROLOGY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY ID LONE STAR TICKS; UNITED-STATES; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; GEORGIA; AGENT; ACARI; CANIS AB From 1981 through 1993, tick infestations and serum antibodies reactive to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis, were monitored among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at Whitehall Experimental Forest, Clarke County, Georgia (USA). Neither ticks nor E. chaffeensis antibodies were detected during the first two years of the study. Infestations of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), a suspected vector of E. chaffeensis, first were noted on deer in 1983. Prevalence and intensity of A. americanum sharply increased from 1985 to 1989, and prevalence was 100% from 1990 to 1993. Antibodies reactive to E. chaffeensis were first detected in 7% of deer sampled in 1986. Antibody prevalence increased to 21% in 1987 and was 100% from 1988 to 1993. This temporal association between the establishment of A. americanum and the appearance of E. chaffeensis antibodies provides evidence to support the concept that A. americanum could be a natural vector of E. chaffeensis. The high prevalence of antibodies among all age classes of deer also reaffirms that white-tailed deer may be sensitive natural sentinels for monitoring the distribution of E. chaffeensis. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LOCKHART, JM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1995 VL 31 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA QU267 UT WOS:A1995QU26700001 PM 8583627 ER PT J AU SHAFER, WM BALTHAZAR, JT HAGMAN, KE MORSE, SA AF SHAFER, WM BALTHAZAR, JT HAGMAN, KE MORSE, SA TI MISSENSE MUTATIONS THAT ALTER THE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE MTRR PROTEIN OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN RECTAL ISOLATES OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE THAT ARE RESISTANT TO FECAL LIPIDS SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE GONOCOCCI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR; MISSENSE MUTATIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE ID MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TETRACYCLINE; SENSITIVITY; INVOLVEMENT; SEQUENCE; CLONING; OPERON; GENES AB Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to structurally diverse hydrophobic agents (HAs) has been associated with missense or deletion mutations in the mtrR (multiple transferable resistance Regulator) gene of laboratory-derived strains but their prevalence in clinical isolates was heretofore unknown. Since faecal lipids provide strong selective pressure for the emergence of variants resistant to HAs (HA(R)), the nucleotide sequence of the mfrR gene from rectal isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, which displayed different levels of HA(R), was determined. Compared to the mtrR gene possessed by the HA-sensitive strain FA19, each clinical isolate contained mutations in the coding and/or promoter regions of their mtrR gene. A missense mutation in codon 45 (Cry-45 to Asp) was the most common mutation found in the strains studied and impacted the structure of the helix-turn-helix domain of the MtrR protein thought to be important in DNA-binding activity. Two clinical isolates bearing a missense mutation in codon 45 also contained a single basepair deletion in a 13 bp inverted sequence positioned within the mtrR promoter region, Introduction of mfrR sequences amplified from the clinical isolates into strain FA19 revealed that acquisition of the single basepair deletion was correlated with high level HA(R) while mutations in the mtrR-coding region provided for an intermediate level of HA(R). C1 VET ADM MED CTR,MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LABS,ATLANTA,GA 30033. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SHAFER, WM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21150] NR 15 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiol.-UK PD APR PY 1995 VL 141 BP 907 EP 911 PN 4 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QU413 UT WOS:A1995QU41300018 PM 7773394 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, CF HALPERIN, WE ALTERMAN, T BRADDEE, RW BURNETT, CA FOSBROKE, DE KISNER, SM LALICH, NR ROSCOE, RJ SELIGMAN, PJ SESTITO, JP STERN, FB STOUT, NA AF ROBINSON, CF HALPERIN, WE ALTERMAN, T BRADDEE, RW BURNETT, CA FOSBROKE, DE KISNER, SM LALICH, NR ROSCOE, RJ SELIGMAN, PJ SESTITO, JP STERN, FB STOUT, NA TI MORTALITY PATTERNS AMONG CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP ROBINSON, CF (reprint author), NIOSH,MS R-18,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE537 UT WOS:A1995RE53700004 PM 7667740 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, B OLSEN, I TENOVER, FC AF OLSVIK, B OLSEN, I TENOVER, FC TI DETECTION OF TET(M) AND TET(O) USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION IN BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL-DISEASE SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DNA PROBE; PERIODONTAL DISEASE ID TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE DETERMINANT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSON; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE TETO AB The polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 114 tetracycline-resistant anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from patients with periodontal disease for the tet(M) and tet(O) genes. A 740-base-pair fragment of the tet(M) gene was amplified from 84 of 114 isolates, and a 519-base-pair fragment of the tet(O) gene was amplified from 13 streptococcal isolates. Six of 7 tetracycline-resistant isolates of Veillonella spp. and tetracycline-resistant isolates of Eubacterium spp, (n=3), Eubacterium saburreum (n=1), Streptococcus intermedius (n=5) and Gemella morbillorum (n=2) all harbored the tet(M) gene. The tet(M) and tet(O) negative as well as selected positive isolates were tested for the tet(K) and tet(L) genes using DNA probes. All isolates of Staphylococcus spp. (n=11) hybridized with the tet(K) probe. None of the isolates tested hybridized with the probe for tet(L). This is the first report of the tet(M) gene in the facultative bacterium G. morbillorum and in E. saburreum. C1 UNIV OSLO,OSLO,NORWAY. RP OLSVIK, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS G-08,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD APR PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1995.tb00124.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA QQ046 UT WOS:A1995QQ04600005 PM 7675524 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GB BECK, DT CONNOR, EM FLEISCHMAN, AR HOPKINS, KM MOFENSON, LM PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR AF SCOTT, GB BECK, DT CONNOR, EM FLEISCHMAN, AR HOPKINS, KM MOFENSON, LM PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR TI FROM THE AMERICAN-ACADEMY-OF-PEDIATRICS - REDUCING THE RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ILLICIT DRUG-USE SO PEDIATRIC AIDS AND HIV INFECTION-FETUS TO ADOLESCENT LA English DT Article RP SCOTT, GB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BETHESDA,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1045-5418 J9 PEDIATR AIDS HIV INF JI Pediatr. AIDS HIV Infect.-Fetus Adolesc. PD APR PY 1995 VL 6 IS 2 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QZ808 UT WOS:A1995QZ80800010 ER PT J AU BURKHOLDER, BT CORONADO, VG BROWN, J HUTTO, JH SHAPIRO, CN ROBERTSON, B WOODRUFF, BA AF BURKHOLDER, BT CORONADO, VG BROWN, J HUTTO, JH SHAPIRO, CN ROBERTSON, B WOODRUFF, BA TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-A IN A PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL TRACED TO AN ANTI-HEPATITIS-A VIRUS-NEGATIVE PATIENT WITH IMMUNODEFICIENCY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS A; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; RISK-FACTORS; A OUTBREAK; SECONDARY; INFANT; SPREAD AB From July through October 1998, an outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection involving 26 hospital staff, inpatients and household contacts occurred in a pediatric hospital. All ill staff members had cared for one inpatient who had profuse diarrhea with gross fecal contamination of the environment, negative HAV serology and idiopathic immunodeficiency, HAV infection in this patient was later confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Among hospital staff HAV attack rates were highest in nursing personnel (15%). A retrospective cohort study of nurses found that the risk of infection was greatest in those who handled the source patient's soiled bed pad (relative risk, 6.7; 95% confidence intervals, 1.6, 27.8), diaper (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence intervals, 0.8, 39.2) or gown (relative risk, 2.9; 95% confidence intervals, 1.1, 7.8). Glove use during these activities was not associated with a lower risk of infection, possibly because of gross environmental contamination or less use than reported, This situation was unusual because the patient was HAV-infected but had negative serology, probably because of immunodeficiency, In situations of potentially extensive environmental contamination, such as with a diapered or incontinent patient with suspected or confirmed hepatitis A, careful attention to frequent handwashing is an essential protective measure; in addition strict glove use whenever entering the patient's room should be followed to provide additional protection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV S FLORIDA,ALL CHILDRENS HOSP,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. RP BURKHOLDER, BT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1097/00006454-199504000-00003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QT556 UT WOS:A1995QT55600003 PM 7603805 ER PT J AU COCHI, SL ORENSTEIN, WA AF COCHI, SL ORENSTEIN, WA TI COMMENTARY - CHINA GIANT STEP TOWARD THE GLOBAL ERADICATION OF POLIOMYELITIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP COCHI, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QT556 UT WOS:A1995QT55600012 PM 7603814 ER PT J AU DALTON, C HOFFMAN, R PAPE, J AF DALTON, C HOFFMAN, R PAPE, J TI IGUANA-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS IN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE IGUANAS; SALMONELLOSIS; PEDIATRIC; MENINGITIS C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,DENVER,CO. RP DALTON, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1097/00006454-199504000-00014 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QT556 UT WOS:A1995QT55600014 PM 7603816 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, PJ DOWELL, S TOROK, TJ ERDMAN, DD SAULSBURY, FT AF FERGUSON, PJ DOWELL, S TOROK, TJ ERDMAN, DD SAULSBURY, FT TI THE PREVALENCE OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 (B19) INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA (HSP) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT PEDIAT, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A397 EP A397 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08202366 ER PT J AU GUERRERO, ML MARTINEZ, J NOEL, J ROSALES, G CALVA, JJ PICKERING, LK GLASS, RI RUIZPALACIOS, GM AF GUERRERO, ML MARTINEZ, J NOEL, J ROSALES, G CALVA, JJ PICKERING, LK GLASS, RI RUIZPALACIOS, GM TI ASTROVIRUS DIARRHEA IN A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF YOUNG MEXICAN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. INST NACL NUTR, MEXICO CITY 22, DF, MEXICO. CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, CTR PEDIAT RES, NORFOLK, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A138 EP A138 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200811 ER PT J AU ISRAEL, NR KHANNA, B LASTOVICA, A GOLD, BD AF ISRAEL, NR KHANNA, B LASTOVICA, A GOLD, BD TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G SUBCLASS RESPONSE (IGG I-IV) TO HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN AS COMPARED TO ADULTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 RED CROSS CHILDRENS HOSP, DEPT MED MICRO, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA. EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A124 EP A124 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200728 ER PT J AU KEYSERLING, HL ROMEROSTEINER, S PAIS, LB DYKES, J CARLONE, GM AF KEYSERLING, HL ROMEROSTEINER, S PAIS, LB DYKES, J CARLONE, GM TI OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC TITERS CORRELATE WITH IGG ELISA ANTIBODY-LEVELS IN INFANTS IMMUNIZED WITH A STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE PROTEIN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A179 EP A179 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08201060 ER PT J AU KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA WILSON, SA MCFARLAND, LM AF KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA WILSON, SA MCFARLAND, LM TI POSSIBLE PERSON-TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION IN AN ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-A SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A108 EP A108 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200636 ER PT J AU LIEBERMAN, JM CHIU, SS WONG, VK PARTRIDGE, S CHANG, SJ CARLONE, GM WARD, JI AF LIEBERMAN, JM CHIU, SS WONG, VK PARTRIDGE, S CHANG, SJ CARLONE, GM WARD, JI TI BIVALENT SEROGROUP A/C MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE - SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY IN TODDLERS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UCLA, CTR VACCINE RES, TORRANCE, CA USA. CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A181 EP A181 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08201073 ER PT J AU LOSONSKY, GA STEPHENS, I MAHONEY, F WASSERMAN, S GEWOLB, I LAMBERT, S DULKERIAN, S AF LOSONSKY, GA STEPHENS, I MAHONEY, F WASSERMAN, S GEWOLB, I LAMBERT, S DULKERIAN, S TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS EVALUATING THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION OF PREMATURE-INFANTS STARTING IN THE 1ST WEEK OF LIFE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A295 EP A295 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08201751 ER PT J AU MORROW, AL LAKKIS, H ROSENTHAL, J ATTA, H CARRETTA, H CREWS, RC AF MORROW, AL LAKKIS, H ROSENTHAL, J ATTA, H CARRETTA, H CREWS, RC TI RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR UNDERIMMUNIZATION AT 12 AND 24 MONTHS OF AGE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, EVMS, CTR PEDIAT RES, NORFOLK, VA USA. CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A142 EP A142 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200836 ER PT J AU MORROW, AL BOWERS, JC ROSENTHAL, J COLLINSODOMS, C AF MORROW, AL BOWERS, JC ROSENTHAL, J COLLINSODOMS, C TI DISCREPANCY BETWEEN PARENT AND CARE PROVIDER RECORDS IN ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNIZATION STATUS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EASTERN VA MED SCH, CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, NORFOLK, VA USA. CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A111 EP A111 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200652 ER PT J AU NIEBURG, P NSUAMI, M CARR, L MANZILA, T BROWN, C MANDALA, K STLOUIS, ME AF NIEBURG, P NSUAMI, M CARR, L MANZILA, T BROWN, C MANDALA, K STLOUIS, ME TI FETAL AND EARLY INFANT GROWTH IN HIV-1-INFECTED PREGNANCIES SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA USA. PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A184 EP A184 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08201091 ER PT J AU RODEWALD, LE SHIUH, T ZELL, E DIETZ, V SZILAGYI, PG AF RODEWALD, LE SHIUH, T ZELL, E DIETZ, V SZILAGYI, PG TI HEALTH-INSURANCE AND UNDERIMMUNIZATION - LESSONS FROM THE 1991 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (NHIS) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, DEPT PEDIAT, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A114 EP A114 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200668 ER PT J AU ROSENTHAL, SR HABER, P CHEN, RT AF ROSENTHAL, SR HABER, P CHEN, RT TI THE SAFETY OF ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE VS WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS-VACCINE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A114 EP A114 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200669 ER PT J AU WEINER, DL LAW, T REGNERY, HL COX, NJ BENDER, CA EZEKOWITZ, RAB AF WEINER, DL LAW, T REGNERY, HL COX, NJ BENDER, CA EZEKOWITZ, RAB TI THE EFFECT OF INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINE ON PLASMA MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN LEVEL SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD UNIV, CHILDRENS HOSP, SCH MED, DEPT MED, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A190 EP A190 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08201126 ER PT J AU WHITNEY, CG SCHWARTZ, B CHESNEY, J GOZANSKY, WS AF WHITNEY, CG SCHWARTZ, B CHESNEY, J GOZANSKY, WS TI THE IMPACT OF PNEUMOCOCCAL DRUG-RESISTANCE ON CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PRACTICES SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, CTR HLTH SCI, COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, MEMPHIS, TN 38163 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 4 BP A117 EP A117 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QP082 UT WOS:A1995QP08200686 ER PT J AU SCHABLE, B DIAZ, T CHU, SY CALDWELL, MB CONTI, L ALSTON, OM SORVILLO, F CHECKO, PJ HERMANN, P DAVIDSON, AJ BOYD, D FANN, SA HERR, M FREDERICK, M AF SCHABLE, B DIAZ, T CHU, SY CALDWELL, MB CONTI, L ALSTON, OM SORVILLO, F CHECKO, PJ HERMANN, P DAVIDSON, AJ BOYD, D FANN, SA HERR, M FREDERICK, M TI WHO ARE THE PRIMARY CARETAKERS OF CHILDREN BORN TO HIV-INFECTED MOTHERS - RESULTS FROM A MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS; PARENTS; NUMBER; WOMEN AB Objective. To determine the primary caretakers of children born to women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods. We interviewed women at least 18 years of age who have been reported with HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to local health departments in 10 cities and states regarding the primary caretaker of their children born since 1977. Results. Of 541 HIV-infected women who had been pregnant since 1977, 88% had living children. These women comprised 478 family units (mother and children); 234 (49%) of these units consisted of two or more children. The most common primary caretakers for all children within a family unit were the mother alone (46%), grandparents (16%), and both mother and father (15%). When the mother used injection drugs or lived alone, in a shelter, or with friends, almost one quarter of ail children were cared for by their grandparents. Only 30% of the mothers knew about child care assistance services, and only 8% had contacted or used these services. Conclusions. Mothers with HIV, often alone, are the primary caretakers of their children. Increased provisions for child care assistance and planning for future permanent placement of orphaned children are urgently needed. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH,PHOENIX,AZ. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. DELAWARE DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,WILMINGTON,DE. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RP SCHABLE, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1995 VL 95 IS 4 BP 511 EP 515 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QR321 UT WOS:A1995QR32100010 PM 7700750 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, TR CALLE, EE POOLE, WK AF OBRIEN, TR CALLE, EE POOLE, WK TI INCIDENCE OF NEONATAL CIRCUMCISION IN ATLANTA, 1985-1986 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We reviewed Atlanta area hospital records to determine the following regarding neonatal circumcision: incidence in July 1985; incidence after publicized serious complications of circumcision in August 1985; medical record documentation; and the complication rate. After stratified sampling from hospital birth logs, we abstracted information from medical charts and calculated weighted estimates and P values. The circumcision incidence was 89.3% in July 1985, 87.5% in September 1985, and 84.3% in September 1986. Circumcision was recorded on the medical record face sheet for 84.3% of circumcised boys. The complication rate was 3.1%; no serious complications were recorded. We conclude the following: circumcision incidence was high during the study period; publicity regarding adverse outcomes may have decreased the subsequent incidence of the procedure; hospital discharge data, which rely on medical record face sheet information, underestimate the true incidence of neonatal circumcision; and neonatal circumcision is usually safe, but serious complications may occur. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 1995 VL 88 IS 4 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QT269 UT WOS:A1995QT26900005 PM 7716592 ER PT J AU HOOD, RD LARY, JM AF HOOD, RD LARY, JM TI UNTITLED SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HOOD, RD (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT BIOL SCI,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1002/tera.1420510402 PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA RJ394 UT WOS:A1995RJ39400001 PM 7570360 ER PT J AU GOLDE, WT BURKOT, TR PIESMAN, J DOLAN, MC CAPIAU, C HAUSER, P DEQUESNE, G LOBET, Y AF GOLDE, WT BURKOT, TR PIESMAN, J DOLAN, MC CAPIAU, C HAUSER, P DEQUESNE, G LOBET, Y TI THE LYME-DISEASE VACCINE CANDIDATE OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A (OSPA) IN A FORMULATION COMPATIBLE WITH HUMAN USE PROTECTS MICE AGAINST NATURAL TICK TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; LYME DISEASE; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; RECOMBINANT OSPA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NORTH-AMERICAN; A OSPA; HETEROGENEITY; INFECTION; STRAINS; ANTIBODIES AB Development of a vaccine for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, has focused on the bacterial lipoprotein, major outer surface protein A (OspA). With few exceptions, testing of OspA vaccines in animal models has involved challenge with needle inoculation of cultured spirochetes. Recombinant OspA proteins from two OspA divergent strains of B. burgdorferi were tested for their vaccine potential in three different strains of mice challenged with laboratory, reared ticks with a high rate of B. burgdorferi infection. All formulations of the B. burgdorferi sensu stricto derived OspA vaccine protected all strains of mice when challenged by ticks infected with an OspA homologous strain of the spirochete, whereas heterologous OspA from B. afzelii did not protect. Furthermore, ticks feeding on protected mice had reduced OspA levels compared to unvaccinated controls. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,B-1330 RIXENSART,BELGIUM. RP GOLDE, WT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR PY 1995 VL 13 IS 5 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)00027-K PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA QR844 UT WOS:A1995QR84400003 PM 7639011 ER PT J AU SHCHELKUNOV, SN MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ AF SHCHELKUNOV, SN MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ TI COMPARISON OF THE GENOME DNA-SEQUENCES OF BANGLADESH 1975 AND INDIA 1967 VARIOLA VIRUSES SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE POXVIRUS; VARIOLA VIRUS; GENOME DNA SEQUENCE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS ID VACCINIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; FRAGMENTS; STRAIN; GENE AB The nucleotide sequences of genome DNAs and the deduced amino acid sequences of proteins from potential open reading frames (ORFs) of variola smallpox viruses from outbreaks in India in 1967 and in Bangladesh in 1975 have been compared and the analyses of the sequences are updated. Alignment of the DNAs revealed 99.3% base sequence identity. Of the 200 potential encoded proteins of each virus, 122 were identical, 42 showed substitution of a single amino acid, 11 showed two residues changes, and the remainder were more diverged. The variant proteins were encoded mainly in the near-terminal regions of each genome. The most conserved region between the variola DNAs included ORFs A33L to A49R, which is a relatively poorly conserved region compared with vaccinia virus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RUSSIAN STATE RES CTR VIROL & BIOTECHNOL VECTOR,INST MOLEC BIOL,KOLTSOV 633159,RUSSIA. NR 19 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00113-Q PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA QQ018 UT WOS:A1995QQ01800009 PM 7625123 ER PT J AU GREEN, MD MOUNT, DL TODD, GD CAPOMACCHIA, AC AF GREEN, MD MOUNT, DL TODD, GD CAPOMACCHIA, AC TI CHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION OF ARTEMISININ - NOVEL ENDOPEROXIDE ANALYSIS USING LUMINOL WITHOUT HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QINGHAOSU ARTEMISININ; ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION; HUMAN-PLASMA; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; HYDROPEROXIDES; METABOLITE; ARTEETHER AB A novel method for artemisinin quantitation employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection in the absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is reported. After elution from the HPLC column, artemisinin is combined with an alkaline solution of hematin and luminol. The resulting CL signal is detected by use of a spectrofluorometer with the excitation lamp disabled, and is proportional to artemisinin concentration. The CL method was optimized and applied to the analysis of artemisinin in spiked human serum. CL in the absence of H2O2 or other known oxidizing species is remarkable since such oxidizers are usually required to produce CL from luminol under alkaline conditions. Artemisinin, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene, is one of several natural products that contain an endoperoxide functional group. Since H2O2 is not needed in the analysis, the endoperoxide moiety on artemisinin is implicated as a contributing source of superoxide radicals required for the light-producing reaction with luminol. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP GREEN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 31 PY 1995 VL 695 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01236-8 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA QR529 UT WOS:A1995QR52900008 PM 7757205 ER PT J AU BREWER, RD MORRIS, PD COLE, TB AF BREWER, RD MORRIS, PD COLE, TB TI ALCOHOL-RELATED AUTOMOBILE CRASHES - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611. RP BREWER, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 30 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 13 BP 893 EP 893 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QP228 UT WOS:A1995QP22800028 ER PT J AU SCHWAN, TG PIESMAN, J GOLDE, WT DOLAN, MC ROSA, PA AF SCHWAN, TG PIESMAN, J GOLDE, WT DOLAN, MC ROSA, PA TI INDUCTION OF AN OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN ON BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI DURING TICK FEEDING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE IXODES SCAPULARIS; LYME DISEASE; BLOOD MEAL; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN C; TEMPERATURE ID LYME-DISEASE; IXODES-DAMMINI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; OSPC GENE; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; LIPOPROTEIN; ATTACHMENT; BACTERIA AB Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, are maintained in zoonotic cycles involving ticks and small mammals. In unfed ticks, the spirochetes produce one outer surface protein, OspA, but not OspC. During infection in mammals, immunological data suggest that the spirochetes have changed their surface, now expressing OspC but little or no OspA. We find by in vitro growth experiments that this change is regulated in part by temperature; OspC is produced by spirochetes at 32-37 degrees C but not at 24 degrees C. Furthermore, spirochetes in the midgut of ticks that have fully engorged on mice now have OspC on their surface. Thus two environmental cues, an increase in temperature and tick feeding, trigger a major alteration of the spirochetal outer membrane. This rapid synthesis of OspC by spirochetes during tick feeding may play an essential role in the capacity of these bacteria to successfully infect mammalian hosts, including humans, when transmitted by ticks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP SCHWAN, TG (reprint author), NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,MICROBIAL STRUCT & FUNCT LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840, USA. NR 46 TC 638 Z9 644 U1 0 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 28 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 7 BP 2909 EP 2913 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2909 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA QP889 UT WOS:A1995QP88900102 PM 7708747 ER PT J AU GERGEN, P MCQUILLAN, GM KIELY, M EZZATIRICE, TM SUTTER, RW VIRELLA, G AF GERGEN, P MCQUILLAN, GM KIELY, M EZZATIRICE, TM SUTTER, RW VIRELLA, G TI A POPULATION-BASED SEROLOGIC SURVEY OF IMMUNITY TO TETANUS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIPHTHERIA IMMUNITY; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; REVACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS AB Background. Vaccination rates are frequently considered a surrogate measure of protection. To provide more accurate estimates, serum levels of antibody against tetanus were measured as part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which studied a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Methods. We measured tetanus antitoxin using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in serum samples from 10,618 persons six years of age and older who were examined during phase 1 of NHANES III in 1988 to 1991. Results. Overall, 69.7 percent of Americans six years of age and older had protective levels of tetanus antibodies (>0.15 IU per milliliter). The rate decreased from 87.7 percent among those 6 to 11 years of age to 27.8 percent among those 70 years of age or older, Among children 6 to 16 years of age, 82.2 percent had protective levels of tetanus antibodies, with little variation according to race or ethnicity. More men than women were immune (79.0 percent vs. 62.4 percent). Mexican Americans had a significantly lower rate of immunity (57.9 percent, P<0.05) than either non-Hispanic whites (72.7 percent) or non-Hispanic blacks (68.1 percent). Those with a history of military service, higher levels of education, or incomes above the poverty level were more likely to have protective antibody levels. Although the prevalence of immunity declined rapidly starting at the age of 40 years, most of the 107 cases of tetanus (with 20 deaths) reported in 1989 and 1990 occurred in persons 60 years of age or older, Conclusions. Despite the fact that effective vaccines against tetanus have been available since the 1940s, many Americans do not have immunity to tetanus, and the rates are lowest among the elderly There is an excellent correlation between vaccination rates (96 percent) and immunity (96 percent) among six-year-olds. However, antibody levels decline over time, and one fifth of older children (10 to 16 years of age) do not have protective antibody levels. C1 NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. US MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. NR 33 TC 208 Z9 211 U1 1 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 23 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 12 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1056/NEJM199503233321201 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QN442 UT WOS:A1995QN44200001 PM 7862178 ER PT J AU PERRIENS, JH STLOUIS, ME MUKADI, YB BROWN, C PRIGNOT, J POUTHIER, F PORTAELS, F WILLAME, JC MANDALA, JK KABOTO, M RYDER, RW ROSCIGNO, G PIOT, P AF PERRIENS, JH STLOUIS, ME MUKADI, YB BROWN, C PRIGNOT, J POUTHIER, F PORTAELS, F WILLAME, JC MANDALA, JK KABOTO, M RYDER, RW ROSCIGNO, G PIOT, P TI PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ZAIRE - A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF TREATMENT FOR EITHER 6 OR 12 MONTHS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; CHEMOTHERAPY; MORTALITY; KINSHASA; KENYA AB Background. We studied the efficacy of a short-course regimen of chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kinshasa, Zaire. We also assessed whether, among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, treatment should be extended from 6 to 12 months. Methods. HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol daily for two months, followed by rifampin plus isoniazid twice weekly for four months. The HIV-positive patients who had no evidence of tuberculosis were then randomly assigned to receive either rifampin plus isoniazid or placebo twice weekly for a further six months. We also followed a comparison group of HIV-seronegative patients who received no further treatment for tuberculosis after six months. Results. After six months, 260 of 335 HIV-seropositive and 186 of 188 HIV-seronegative participants could be evaluated, and their rates of treatment failure were similar: 3.8 and 2.7 percent, respectively. At 24 months, the HIV-seropositive patients who received extended treatment had a relapse rate of 1.9 percent, as compared with 9 percent among the HIV-seropositive patients who received placebo for the second 6 months (P<0.01). Extended treatment did not improve survival, however. Among the HIV-seronegative patients, 5.3 percent relapsed. Conclusions. Among HIV-seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, extending treatment from 6 to 12 months reduces the rate of relapse but does not improve survival. The six-month program of partly intermittent antituberculous treatment may be an acceptable alternative when resources are limited. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. BELGIAN AGCY DEV & COOPERAT,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV & AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,MT GODINNE,BELGIUM. BUR NATL TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DEPISTAGE TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 30 TC 225 Z9 229 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 23 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 12 BP 779 EP 784 DI 10.1056/NEJM199503233321204 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QN442 UT WOS:A1995QN44200004 PM 7862181 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ LINDEGREN, ML THOMAS, P HANSON, D CALDWELL, B SCOTT, G ROGERS, M AF SIMONDS, RJ LINDEGREN, ML THOMAS, P HANSON, D CALDWELL, B SCOTT, G ROGERS, M TI PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; POPULATION; AIDS AB Background. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains a common and often fatal opportunistic infection among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-infected infants between three and six months of age are particularly vulnerable. Current guidelines recommend prophylaxis in children from birth to 11 months old who have CD4+ counts below 1500 cells per cubic millimeter. Methods. We used national surveillance data to estimate the annual incidence of PCP among children less than one year old. We reviewed the medical records of 300 children given a diagnosis of PCP between January 1991 and June 1993 to determine why treatment according to the 1991 guidelines for prophylaxis against PCP either was not given or failed to prevent the disease. Results. In our study the incidence of PCP in the first year of life among infants born to HIV-infected mothers changed little between 1989 and 1992. Among 7080 children born to HIV-infected mothers in 1992, PCP developed in 2.4 percent. Of 300 children with PCP diagnosed from January 1991 through June 1993, 199 (66 percent) had never received prophylaxis, and for 118 of those children (59 percent) exposure to HIV was first identified 30 days or less before the diagnosis of PCP, Among 129 children less than one year old, the CD4+ count declined by an estimated 967 cells per cubic millimeter (95 percent confidence interval, 724 to 1210 cells per cubic millimeter) during the three months before the diagnosis of PCP, Among infants in whom CD4+ counts were determined within one month of the diagnosis of PCP, 18 percent (20 of 113) had at least 1500 cells per cubic millimeter, a level higher than the currently recommended threshold for prophylaxis. Conclusions. In the United States the incidence of PCP among HIV-infected infants has not declined. If this infection is to be prevented, infants exposed to HIV must be identified earlier, and prophylaxis must be offered to more children than the guidelines currently recommend. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,MIAMI,FL. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD, MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 23 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 12 BP 786 EP 790 DI 10.1056/NEJM199503233321206 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QN442 UT WOS:A1995QN44200006 PM 7862183 ER PT J AU HICKMAN, C MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT SCHECTER, GF ROYCE, S VUGIA, DJ PROCTOR, ME DAVIS, JP BUR, S DWYER, D AF HICKMAN, C MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT SCHECTER, GF ROYCE, S VUGIA, DJ PROCTOR, ME DAVIS, JP BUR, S DWYER, D TI EXPOSURE OF PASSENGERS AND FLIGHT CREW TO MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT, 1992-1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 137-140, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,TB CONTROL PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,PROGRAM SERV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HICKMAN, C (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 22 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 12 BP 911 EP 912 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM173 UT WOS:A1995QM17300007 ER PT J AU BILLS, D ARIAS, L CONSTANTINE, P ROOT, T SHAYEGANI, M ALDOUS, K BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, D MITCHELL, R MORGAN, P MORTON, T IVERSON, F CATHERWOOD, K HILL, L LONG, B MCCARVILLE, A NG, C SMITH, R ODERMATT, K REYNOLDS, K RAVEN, J MARCHENSKI, M ARMSTRONG, D LIVELY, S BREWSTER, P MAHLER, T AF BILLS, D ARIAS, L CONSTANTINE, P ROOT, T SHAYEGANI, M ALDOUS, K BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, D MITCHELL, R MORGAN, P MORTON, T IVERSON, F CATHERWOOD, K HILL, L LONG, B MCCARVILLE, A NG, C SMITH, R ODERMATT, K REYNOLDS, K RAVEN, J MARCHENSKI, M ARMSTRONG, D LIVELY, S BREWSTER, P MAHLER, T TI OSTRICH FERN POISONING - NEW-YORK AND WESTERN CANADA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 677, 683-684 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 HLTH & WELF CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. BANFF NATL PK,HLTH UNIT,BANFF,AB,CANADA. CAPITAL REG DIST HLTH SERV,VICTORIA,BC,CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA MINIST HLTH,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BILLS, D (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 22 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 12 BP 912 EP 913 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM173 UT WOS:A1995QM17300008 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED REIFF, FM TAUXE, RV AF MINTZ, ED REIFF, FM TAUXE, RV TI SAFE WATER-TREATMENT AND STORAGE IN THE HOME - A PRACTICAL NEW STRATEGY TO PREVENT WATERBORNE DISEASE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; DRINKING-WATER; TRANSMISSION; CONTAMINATION; DRACUNCULIASIS; INTERVENTION; SANITATION; EPIDEMIC; THAILAND AB In many parts of the developing world, drinking water is collected from unsafe surface sources outside the home and is then held in household storage vessels. Drinking water may be contaminated at the source or during storage; strategies to reduce waterborne disease transmission must safeguard against both events. We describe a two-component prevention strategy, which allows an individual to disinfect drinking water immediately after collection (point-of-use disinfection) and then to store the water in narrow-mouthed, closed vessels designed to prevent recontamination (safe storage). New disinfectant generators and better storage vessel designs make this strategy practical and inexpensive. This approach empowers households and communities that lack potable water to protect themselves against a variety of waterborne pathogens and has the potential to decrease the incidence of waterborne diarrheal disease. C1 PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. RP MINTZ, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 44 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 22 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 12 BP 948 EP 953 DI 10.1001/jama.273.12.948 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM173 UT WOS:A1995QM17300030 PM 7884954 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS BYERS, T BARRETT, DH STROUP, NE EAKER, E MONROEBLUM, H AF FREEDMAN, DS BYERS, T BARRETT, DH STROUP, NE EAKER, E MONROEBLUM, H TI PLASMA-LIPID LEVELS AND PSYCHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; ANXIETY DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS; LIPIDS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY; LOWERING CHOLESTEROL; A BEHAVIOR; MORTALITY; TRIALS; CRITERIA; MONKEYS; VIOLENT AB Results of several studies suggest that either a reduction in the serum level of total cholesterol level or a persistently low cholesterol level may be associated with an increase in violent deaths. Although there are several possible explanations for these observations, it has been suggested that the cholesterol level could influence various behaviors. We therefore examined the cross-sectional relation of several psychologic characteristics, assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, to levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides among 3,490 men aged 31-45 years who were examined in 1985-1986. (All men had served in the US Army between 1965 and 1971). Compared with that of other men, the mean total cholesterol level was 5 mg/dl higher among 697 men diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (possibly because of increased catecholamine levels) and 7 mg/dl lower among 325 men with antisocial personality disorder (p < 0.01 for each association). These differences could not be attributed to education, relative weight, cigarette smoking, use of various medications, or other potential confounders. In contrast, cholesterol levels were not significantly associated with major depression or hostility; levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were not related to any diagnosis. If the serum level of total cholesterol is found to be predictive of antisocial personality disorder in longitudinal analyses, this association may have implications for cholesterol-lowering recommendations. C1 MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,K-26,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 51 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 6 BP 507 EP 517 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN480 UT WOS:A1995QN48000004 PM 7900717 ER PT J AU ROMIEU, I MENESES, F SIENRAMONGE, JJL HUERTA, J VELASCO, SR WHITE, MC ETZEL, RA HERNANDEZAVILA, M AF ROMIEU, I MENESES, F SIENRAMONGE, JJL HUERTA, J VELASCO, SR WHITE, MC ETZEL, RA HERNANDEZAVILA, M TI EFFECTS OF URBAN AIR-POLLUTANTS ON EMERGENCY VISITS FOR CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN MEXICO-CITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTION; ASTHMA; CHILD; EMERGENCIES ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; OZONE; DIOXIDE AB The metropolitan area of Mexico City, Mexico, has serious air pollution problems. Although air contaminants may contribute to clinical asthma, there are at present no data on the relation between air pollution exposure and childhood asthma in Mexico City. The authors reviewed data on emergency visits from January to June 1990 at one major pediatric hospital in Mexico City. They used a Poisson regression model to study the relation between the number of daily emergency visits for asthma and air pollutant levels. The levels of ozone and sulfur dioxide exposure were significantly associated with the number of emergency visits for asthma. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the multivariate regression model predicted that an increase of 50 ppb in the 1-hour maximum ozone level would lead to a 43% increase in the number of emergency visits for asthma on the following day. Exposure to high ozone levels (>110 ppb) for 2 consecutive days increased the number of asthma-related emergency visits by 68 percent. The results of this study suggest that ozone exposure is positively associated with the number of children's emergency visits for asthma in Mexico City. C1 CTR INVEST SALUD PUBL,INST NACL SALUD PUBL,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS,MEXICO. ORG PANAAMER SALUD,CTR PANAMER ECOL HUMANA & SALUD,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. HOSP INFANTIL MEXICO DR FEDERICO GOMEZ,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. INST NACL PEDIAT,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. INST INVEST MATEMAT APLICADAS & SISTEMAS,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 23 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 6 BP 546 EP 553 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN480 UT WOS:A1995QN48000009 PM 7900722 ER PT J AU BRENER, ND COLLINS, JL KANN, L WARREN, CW WILLIAMS, BI AF BRENER, ND COLLINS, JL KANN, L WARREN, CW WILLIAMS, BI TI RELIABILITY OF THE YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENCE; DATA COLLECTION; HEALTH SURVEYS; PSYCHOMETRICS ID DRUG-USE; VALIDITY AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) has been used on a biennial basis since 1990 to measure health risk behaviors of high school students nationwide. The YRBS measures behaviors related to intentional and unintentional injury, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, diet, and physical activity. The authors present the results from a test-retest reliability study of the YRBS, conducted by administering the YRBS questionnaire to 1,679 students in grades 7 through 12 on two occasions 14 days apart. The authors computed a kappa statistic for each of 53 self-report items and compared group prevalence estimates across the two testing occasions. Kappas ranged from 14.5% to 91.1%; 71.7% of the items were rated as having ''substantial'' or higher reliability (kappa = 61-100%). No significant differences were found between the prevalence estimates at time 1 and time 2. Responses of seventh grade students were less consistent than those of students in higher grades, indicating that the YRBS is best suited for students in grade 8 and above. Except for a few suspect items, students appeared to report personal health risk behaviors reliably over time. Reliability and validity issues in health behavior assessment also are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 14 TC 513 Z9 517 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 6 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN480 UT WOS:A1995QN48000012 PM 7900725 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS ALTER, MJ AF MARGOLIS, HS ALTER, MJ TI WILL HEPATITIS-A BECOME A VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID A VACCINE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 6 BP 464 EP 465 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM266 UT WOS:A1995QM26600011 PM 7856997 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, M GROSS, P GARDNER, P LAFORCE, FM SCHAFFNER, W EICKHOFF, T STRIKAS, R AF GRIFFIN, M GROSS, P GARDNER, P LAFORCE, FM SCHAFFNER, W EICKHOFF, T STRIKAS, R TI ADULT IMMUNIZATIONS 1994 - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 INFECT DIS SOC AMER,PHILADELPHIA,PA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GRIFFIN, M (reprint author), AMER COLL PHYSICIANS,INDEPENDENCE MALL W,6TH ST & RACE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 6 BP 478 EP 478 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM266 UT WOS:A1995QM26600028 ER PT J AU PALACIO, M AMADOR, JJ ACEVEDO, F DELOSREYES, J RAMIREZ, A GONZALEZ, A HUELVA, G JIMENEZ, R RUIZ, F CUADRA, R GUZMAN, MG KOURI, G SOLER, M ALVAREZ, M RODRIGUEZ, R MARTINEZ, E QUIROZ, E BAYARD, V CAMPOS, C VASQUEZ, MO AF PALACIO, M AMADOR, JJ ACEVEDO, F DELOSREYES, J RAMIREZ, A GONZALEZ, A HUELVA, G JIMENEZ, R RUIZ, F CUADRA, R GUZMAN, MG KOURI, G SOLER, M ALVAREZ, M RODRIGUEZ, R MARTINEZ, E QUIROZ, E BAYARD, V CAMPOS, C VASQUEZ, MO TI DENGUE TYPE-3 INFECTION - NICARAGUA AND PANAMA, OCTOBER NOVEMBER 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 21-24, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 HOSP MANOLO MORALES,MANAGUA,NICARAGUA. HOSP ESCUELA,LEON,NICARAGUA. PEDRO KOURI INST TROP MED,HAVANA,CUBA. HOSP WILLIAM SOLER,HAVANA,CUBA. MINIST HLTH,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,WASHINGTON,DC. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NIGARAGUA DENGUE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP PALACIO, M (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,MANAGUA,NICARAGUA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 11 BP 840 EP 841 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QL402 UT WOS:A1995QL40200008 ER PT J AU GFROERER, J AF GFROERER, J TI INDICATORS OF NICOTINE ADDICTION AMONG WOMEN - UNITED-STATES, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 102-105, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GFROERER, J (reprint author), CDC,SUBST ABUSE & MENTAL HLTH SERV ADM,OFF APPL STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 11 BP 842 EP 842 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QL402 UT WOS:A1995QL40200009 ER PT J AU STAES, C MATTE, T STAELING, N ROSENBLUM, L BINDER, S AF STAES, C MATTE, T STAELING, N ROSENBLUM, L BINDER, S TI LEAD-POISONING DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1988 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP STAES, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 11 BP 847 EP 848 DI 10.1001/jama.273.11.847 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QL402 UT WOS:A1995QL40200019 PM 7869552 ER PT J AU CHU, SY HANSON, DL CIESIELSKI, C WARD, JW AF CHU, SY HANSON, DL CIESIELSKI, C WARD, JW TI PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA AT HIGHER CD4(+) T-CELL COUNTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 11 BP 848 EP 848 DI 10.1001/jama.273.11.848 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QL402 UT WOS:A1995QL40200020 PM 7869553 ER PT J AU GUINAN, ME AF GUINAN, ME TI ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION BY DONOR - SAFETY AND SECRECY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SEMEN DONORS; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS RP GUINAN, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS,MS D21,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 11 BP 890 EP 891 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QL402 UT WOS:A1995QL40200030 PM 7869563 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, GD MASSEY, JT SHULMAN, HB SIEBER, WK SMITH, SJ AF WILLIAMSON, GD MASSEY, JT SHULMAN, HB SIEBER, WK SMITH, SJ TI SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR UTILIZATION OF MULTISOURCE DATA IN PUBLIC-HEALTH - PROLOGUE SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP WILLIAMSON, GD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 447 EP 448 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140502 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000001 ER PT J AU DOWDLE, WR AF DOWDLE, WR TI SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR UTILIZATION OF MULTISOURCE DATA IN PUBLIC-HEALTH - OPENING REMARKS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP DOWDLE, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 455 EP 455 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140506 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000002 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ CAUDILL, SP STEINBERG, KK THACKER, SB AF SMITH, SJ CAUDILL, SP STEINBERG, KK THACKER, SB TI ON COMBINING DOSE-RESPONSE DATA FROM EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES BY METAANALYSIS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; METAANALYSIS; CANCER AB Using data from a meta-analysis of the effects of oestrogen replacement therapy on the development of breast cancer, we compared alternative methods for combining dose-response slopes from epidemiological studies. We evaluated issues related both to summarizing data from single studies and to combining results from multiple studies. Findings related to the analysis of individual dose-response studies include: (I) a method of weighing studies that gives greater influence to dose-response slopes that conform to the linear relation of relative risk to duration can lead to large differences in calculated weights as a function of non-linearity; (2) a regression model using a variable-intercept resulted in a mean dose-response slope that increased as much as threefold when compared with the values obtained with a zero-intercept model. When combining results from multiple studies, we found: (1) calculating standard errors of mean dose-response slopes by methods that allow for both among-study and within-study variability (a random-effects type model) gave values different from a method that assumes homogeneity and equal within-study precision (a fixed-effects model); (2) the random-effects model gives mean and standard error results most similar to a bootstrap resampling method as increasing heterogeneity is observed (however, this model could give biased mean estimates compared with the bootstrap method); (3) a components-of-variance model compares favourably with the bootstrap and is easier to apply than the random-effects model. Based on these findings, we recommend the use of methods which incorporate heterogeneity to guard against underestimating the standard error. However, caution is urged because bias in point estimates can occur if extreme heterogeneity is present. Two other observations affect the interpretation of data combined from multiple studies. First, inclusion into a model of quality scores assigned by blinded reviewers had little effect on the mean dose-response slope and its standard error. Second, the number of studies required to achieve desired statistical power, varies with effect size. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,STAT GRP,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,NE,MAIL STOP F25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 531 EP 544 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140513 PG 14 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000009 PM 7792446 ER PT J AU EZZATI, TM HOFFMAN, K JUDKINS, DR MASSEY, JT MOORE, TF AF EZZATI, TM HOFFMAN, K JUDKINS, DR MASSEY, JT MOORE, TF TI A DUAL FRAME DESIGN FOR SAMPLING ELDERLY MINORITIES AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Multiple data sources are sometimes available as potential sampling frames for population surveys, and in some situations the use of a multiple frame sample design is more advantageous than using a single sampling frame, The use of multiple sampling frames, however, has variance and bias implications, as well as sampling, data collection, and logistical considerations, These issues are addressed for a proposed dual frame sampling approach in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The results of an investigation of the sampling efficiencies and operational issues in supplementing the NHIS area frame sample with a sample of elderly African and Hispanic Americans and persons with disabilities selected from Social Security Administration files are presented. C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. US BUR CENSUS,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP EZZATI, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140515 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000011 PM 7792448 ER PT J AU CAUDILL, SP HILL, RH AF CAUDILL, SP HILL, RH TI MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS TESTS IN MULTIPLE INVESTIGATIONS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; P-VALUES; EVALUATE; PLOTS AB Inferential statistical methods have traditionally been based on the assumption that one experiment is performed and that interest centres on one or more predetermined hypothesis tests. Exploratory research, on the other hand, often involves multiple hypotheses or repeated investigations under similar or different conditions or both. Several techniques have been proposed to deal with multiple or simultaneous hypothesis testing in single investigations, and procedures to combine observed significance levels for an individual hypothesis test from two or more investigations have been suggested. In this paper we propose a method for identifying important results from multiple statistical tests in multiple investigations. The method is illustrated by using high performance liquid chromatography to identify potential aetiologic contaminants in L-tryptophan samples. RP CAUDILL, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140516 PG 5 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000012 PM 7792449 ER PT J AU NOBRE, FF DEMACEDO, MMA AF NOBRE, FF DEMACEDO, MMA TI FEASIBILITY OF CONTOUR MAPPING EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA WITH MISSING VALUES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Data of epidemiologic interest often occur as spatial information during each of several time periods. In most cases data are available from a set of regions or localities which can be viewed as points in a plane. Although contour mapping is useful for displaying these data, the lack of data for all data points in a region may lead to erroneous interpretation, In this paper we use simulation to investigate the impact of missing data points for contour mapping using two distinct simulated spatial-time distributions for epidemiologic variables. A model for the occurrence of malaria in localities randomly distributed in one region is chosen as the prototype far data generation. C1 UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,COORDENACAO PROGRAMAS POSGRAD ENGN,PROGRAMA ENGN BIOMED,BR-21945 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Nobre, Flavio/K-6179-2012 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140518 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000014 PM 7792451 ER PT J AU PICKLE, LW WHITE, AA AF PICKLE, LW WHITE, AA TI EFFECTS OF THE CHOICE OF AGE-ADJUSTMENT METHOD ON MAPS OF DEATH RATES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; MODELS AB Maps of morbidity or mortality rates, whether considered individually or as a layer in a geographic information system application, invite multiple comparisons of area rates. However, comparisons of rates across different populations require standardization of the age-specific rates to account for differences in population age structures. The indirect standardization method, or equivalently the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), has been recommended for small areas where age-specific rates can be quite variable. Although theoretically equivalent to directly adjusted rates under the assumption of independent age and area effects, indirect summary measures are not comparable across areas when this assumption is violated. We tested the validity of this assumption for the 10 most common causes of death in the United States during 1980-84 and examined the geographic clustering apparent when categorized death rates, adjusted by different methods, are presented as thematic maps. Although overall agreement between the methods was good (rank correlation coefficient > 82 per cent for each cause), when the adjusted rates were classified into quintiles 18 per cent of the states fell into different categories depending on the method of adjustment. Using an internal standard for the indirect method reduced this discrepancy to 4.9 per cent. However, both traditional chi-square tests and a generalized logistic spline model identified significant interactions between age and area for each cause of death, a violation of the assumption required for equivalence of the methods. Potential variation in geographic inferences is illustrated by maps of direct and indirect rates and an empirical Bayes posterior mean, which is a function of these traditionally adjusted rates. Based on these results, we recommend the direct age-adjustment method for rate maps. RP PICKLE, LW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF RES METHODOL,ROOM 915,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140519 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000015 PM 7792452 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB STROUP, DF ROTHENBERG, RB BROWNSON, RC AF THACKER, SB STROUP, DF ROTHENBERG, RB BROWNSON, RC TI PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE FOR CHRONIC CONDITIONS - A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR DECISIONS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; SMOKING; RISK; DISEASE; CANCER; STATISTICS AB In this paper we investigate the important contribution of multiple public health surveillance systems to policy in chronic disease control and prevention, We show that, typically, surveillance for chronic diseases relies on multiple data sources, often created for another purpose. We also define the concept of burden for chronic conditions based on data from multiple sources. An example from a state illustrates a model for combining data for use in policy development. These applications illustrate the central role of statistical methods in ensuring the appropriate use of data from multiple surveillance systems. C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAIL STOP C08,1600 CLIFTON RD,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU700950] NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 629 EP 641 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140520 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000016 PM 7792453 ER PT J AU MADANS, JH REUBEN, CA ROTHWELL, ST EBERHARDT, MS AF MADANS, JH REUBEN, CA ROTHWELL, ST EBERHARDT, MS TI DIFFERENCES IN MORBIDITY MEASURES AND RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION USING MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES - THE CASE OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study contains several sources of information that can be used to define case status. Incidence rates and relative risks associated with selected, documented risk factors for heart disease were estimated using nine different case definitions. Despite wide variation in the estimates of incidence, the characteristics of the cases were remarkably similar as were the risks associated with heart disease incidence. The main difference occurred when cases were defined on the basis of death certificate information. Cases defined this way are more severe and models based on this definition result in relative risks of greater magnitude. RP MADANS, JH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 1080,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140521 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000017 PM 7792454 ER PT J AU BOTMAN, SL JACK, SS AF BOTMAN, SL JACK, SS TI COMBINING NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY DATASETS - ISSUES AND APPROACHES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This paper identifies issues, special problems, and approaches in preparing estimates when combining National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets. Such datasets can be used to produce estimates jointly based on individual NHIS survey components. This paper illustrates several issues associated with the analysis of multiple related datasets. RP BOTMAN, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BECREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 9 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140523 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000019 PM 7792456 ER PT J AU STROUP, NE AF STROUP, NE TI UTILIZATION .1. SPECIAL DATASETS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP STROUP, NE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 691 EP 692 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140526 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000022 PM 7792459 ER PT J AU TRUMAN, BI AF TRUMAN, BI TI STUDY DESIGN AND PUBLIC-HEALTH PLANNING SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP TRUMAN, BI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 695 EP 696 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140528 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000024 PM 7792461 ER PT J AU WHITE, AA AF WHITE, AA TI MAPPING AND GEOGRAPHIC DISPLAY OF DATA SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP WHITE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF RES & METHODOL,STAT TECHNOL STAFF,RM 915,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 697 EP 699 DI 10.1002/sim.4780140529 PG 3 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000025 PM 7540768 ER PT J AU ING, R AF ING, R TI AUTOMATED PARSING OF NATURAL-LANGUAGE TEXT DATA FROM DEATH CERTIFICATES AND OTHER SOURCES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 703 EP 703 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000027 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A FREEDMAN, MA AF FRIEDE, A FREEDMAN, MA TI DATA2000 - A COMPUTER-SYSTEM TO LINK OBJECTIVES, DATA SOURCES, AND CONTACTS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 704 EP 704 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000029 ER PT J AU PALLOS, LL BURG, JAR AF PALLOS, LL BURG, JAR TI THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE TRICHLOROETHYLENE SUBREGISTRY - ASSESSING HEALTH TRENDS AT MULTIPLE WASTE SITES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000031 ER PT J AU ROSE, D WINN, DM HORM, J POE, GS AF ROSE, D WINN, DM HORM, J POE, GS TI USING THE NHIS AS THE UNDERLYING POPULATION IN MULTISOURCE DATA-ANALYSIS - SOME RECENT EXAMPLES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000030 ER PT J AU WASSILAK, SGF GLASSER, JW CHEN, RT BLACK, SB MULLOOLY, JP THOMPSON, RS AF WASSILAK, SGF GLASSER, JW CHEN, RT BLACK, SB MULLOOLY, JP THOMPSON, RS TI DESIGN OF A MULTICENTER STUDY OF ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING VACCINATION IN CHILDHOOD SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 706 EP 706 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000032 ER PT J AU HALL, HI GOMEZ, TM KAYE, WE PRICEGREEN, PA WHITE, JW AF HALL, HI GOMEZ, TM KAYE, WE PRICEGREEN, PA WHITE, JW TI DESIGN OF A MULTISOURCE DATA STUDY - ATSDRS HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES EMERGENCY EVENTS SURVEILLANCE (HSEES) SYSTEM SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 5-7 BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA QP760 UT WOS:A1995QP76000033 ER PT J AU HOUCK, P HEMPHILL, M LACROIX, S HIRSH, D COX, N AF HOUCK, P HEMPHILL, M LACROIX, S HIRSH, D COX, N TI AMANTADINE-RESISTANT INFLUENZA-A IN NURSING-HOMES - IDENTIFICATION OF A RESISTANT VIRUS PRIOR TO DRUG-USE SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; RIMANTADINE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EMERGENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENE AB Background: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride have been used for treatment and prevention of influenza A infection in nursing home residents. Outbreaks of influenza A (H3N2) virus infection occurred in three nursing homes in Yakima County, Washington, during January 1992. Amantadine was used for case treatment and prophylaxis in all three nursing homes. Methods: Ten influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated during the outbreaks were examined for resistance to amantadine and rimantadine by means of an enzyme immunoassay and by sequencing of the viral nucleic acid that encodes the transmembrane domain of the M2 protein. Results: Five of the outbreak strains were resistant and had the same mutation (position 31, serine to asparagine) in the M2 protein. The resistant viruses included one that had been recovered prior to any use of amantadine and another that was recovered within 48 hours of the first drug administration. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of influenza A virus with RNA sequence-documented resistance to amantadine and rimantadine without exposure to either drug, and the shortest reported period between institution of amantadine therapy and isolation of a resistant influenza A virus strain. These results suggest that surveillance for amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant influenza A is needed, because use of these drugs will probably increase. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,PUBL HLTH LABS,VIROL LAB,SEATTLE,WA. YAKIMA HLTH DIST,YAKIMA,WA. RP HOUCK, P (reprint author), HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,2201 6TH AVE,MS RX-42,REG X,SEATTLE,WA 98121, USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD MAR 13 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 5 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.5.533 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QL793 UT WOS:A1995QL79300010 PM 7864709 ER PT J AU ACKAH, AN COULIBALY, D DIGBEU, H DIALLO, K VETTER, KM COULIBALY, IM GREENBERG, AE DECOCK, KM AF ACKAH, AN COULIBALY, D DIGBEU, H DIALLO, K VETTER, KM COULIBALY, IM GREENBERG, AE DECOCK, KM TI RESPONSE TO TREATMENT, MORTALITY, AND CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS IN HIV-INFECTED PERSONS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ZAIRE; KENYA; MORBIDITY; KINSHASA; NAIROBI; CITY AB We examined the severity of immune deficiency in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in Cote d'Ivoire and assessed its effect on mortality and response to treatment. Consecutive patients attending a tuberculosis treatment in Abidjan with smear-positive pulmonary or diagnosed extrapulmonary tuberculosis were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and had CD4 lymphocyte counts measured. Patients received standard short-course chemotherapy. Analysis of outcome (restricted to smear-positive tuberculosis patients) was done at 6 months. The 247 HIV-positive patients were significantly more likely than the 312 HIV-negative patients to have CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 200/mu L (43% vs 1%; odds ratio 56.9; [95% CI 19.7-185.3]) and 200-499/mu L (39% vs 14%, odds ratio 3.8; [2.5-5.9]). HIV-positive patients, median CD4 lymphocyte in those with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (198/mu L; n=67) was lower, but not significantly so, than among those with pulmonary tuberculosis (257/mu L; n=180). Among 460 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the overall mortality rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative persons (6% vs 0.4%; relative risk 17.1 [2.2-131.4]), and increased with the severity of immune deficiency; mortality rates in HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts of <200/mu L and 200-499/mu L were 10% and 4%, relative risk 27.6 (3.5-220.8); and 11.5 (1.2-109), respectively, compared to HIV-negatives. Among patients completing treatment, cure rates were similar in HIV-positive patients (93%) and HIV-negative patients (92%), and were not related to CD4 counts. Severity of immune deficiency was the major determinant of mortality in HIV-associated tuberculosis. Among people completing treatment, microbiological response was satisfactory irrespective of serological or immune status. C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 20 TC 178 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 11 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8950 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90519-7 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM075 UT WOS:A1995QM07500007 PM 7898177 ER PT J AU BERN, C NATHANAIL, L AF BERN, C NATHANAIL, L TI IS MID-UPPER-ARM CIRCUMFERENCE A USEFUL TOOL FOR SCREENING IN EMERGENCY SETTINGS SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB In refugee emergencies, rapid collection of nutritional data provides important information for public-health planning. In Rwandan refugee camps in eastern Zaire in August, 1994, a two-step procedure of screening for referral to supplementary feeding programmes was used-mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) followed by weight-for-height for children with MUAC of less than 12 cm. To assess the usefulness of this procedure, we analysed data from complete screening of 3681 children in three camps. The performance of MUAC varied with the cut-off chosen; a high cut-off of 14 cm allowed detection of 88% of children with low weight-for-height but at the cost of measuring more than 40% of children in the second step. MUAC preferentially selects younger children as malnourished, and misses older children with low weight-for-height. The groups of children chosen by low MUAC and by low weight-for-height have poor overlap, varying from 20% to 391 overlap depending on age. Thus two-step screening does not save as much time as might be expected and low MUAC cannot be used as a substitute for low weight-for-height. For decision-making in refugee settings, weight-for-height surveys or screening are probably more efficient strategies for data collection. C1 SAVE CHILDREN FUND,POLICY DEPT UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 11 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8950 BP 631 EP 633 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90527-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QM075 UT WOS:A1995QM07500015 PM 7898183 ER PT J AU BURRI, BJ NEIDLINGER, T OMAYE, S CLIFFORD, AJ SOWELL, AL AF BURRI, BJ NEIDLINGER, T OMAYE, S CLIFFORD, AJ SOWELL, AL TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY VITAMIN-E ON ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN WOMEN SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89557. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A764 EP A764 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40600811 ER PT J AU DUTRA, WO COFFMAN, RL CANCADO, JR GOLLOB, KJ CORRESOLIVEIRA, R BRENER, Z COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G PARRA, J AF DUTRA, WO COFFMAN, RL CANCADO, JR GOLLOB, KJ CORRESOLIVEIRA, R BRENER, Z COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G PARRA, J TI PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS FRESHLY ISOLATED FROM CHAGASIC PATIENTS DISPLAY A PROFILE CONSISTENT WITH ACTIVATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,ICB,DEPT BIOQ IMUNOL,BR-30000 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,MED CTR,BR-30000 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. DNAX RES INST MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL INC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A782 EP A782 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40600911 ER PT J AU MEYER, LG SAXTON, JL LOTZ, WG AF MEYER, LG SAXTON, JL LOTZ, WG TI CHANGES IN FLUID BALANCE HORMONES IN RHESUS-MONKEYS DURING COLD-AIR EXPOSURE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. USN,AER MED RES LAB,PENSACOLA,FL 32508. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A646 EP A646 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40600128 ER PT J AU MORGAN, J DIAS, JCP GONTIJO, ED BAHIAOLIVEIRA, L CORREAOLIVEIRA, R COLLEY, D POWELL, M AF MORGAN, J DIAS, JCP GONTIJO, ED BAHIAOLIVEIRA, L CORREAOLIVEIRA, R COLLEY, D POWELL, M TI CHAGAS-DISEASE - ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI ANTIBODY ISOTYPES DIFFER IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CNPQ RENE RACHOU,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. EMORY UNIV,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CDC,NCID,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A809 EP A809 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40601069 ER PT J AU MOSS, D CHAPPELL, C ARROWOOD, M LAMMIE, P DUPONT, H AF MOSS, D CHAPPELL, C ARROWOOD, M LAMMIE, P DUPONT, H TI KINETIC-ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS FROM VOLUNTEERS EXPERIMENTALLY EXPOSED TO CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR INFECT DIS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A1036 EP A1036 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40602383 ER PT J AU PERRY, GS HAMZA, AS SABRY, ZI MENZA, V AF PERRY, GS HAMZA, AS SABRY, ZI MENZA, V TI RISK-FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION IN THE FACE OF FOOD SECURITY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINIST AGR,CAIRO,EGYPT. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94706. FAO,I-00100 ROME,ITALY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A1009 EP A1009 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40602228 ER PT J AU RAMACHANDRA, RN DAWSON, JE BERGMAN, DK EWING, SA WIKEL, SK AF RAMACHANDRA, RN DAWSON, JE BERGMAN, DK EWING, SA WIKEL, SK TI EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS INFECTION - CYTOKINE AND IN-VITRO LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS BY CELLS OF INFECTED C3H/HEJ MICE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP A811 EP A811 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QM406 UT WOS:A1995QM40601077 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ BENEDICT, MQ CHANG, H COLLINS, FH AF BESANSKY, NJ BENEDICT, MQ CHANG, H COLLINS, FH TI THE WHITE LOCUS OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE - GENE STRUCTURE AND MUTANT ISOLATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 SU 21A BP 196 EP 196 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT864 UT WOS:A1995QT86400710 ER PT J AU ZHENG, L BENEDICT, M CORNEL, A VOSS, H ANSORGE, W KAFATOS, F COLLINS, F AF ZHENG, L BENEDICT, M CORNEL, A VOSS, H ANSORGE, W KAFATOS, F COLLINS, F TI TOWARD GENETIC-MAPPING OF THE REFRACTORY MECHANISM OF ENCAPSULATION IN ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMBL,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. CDC,MALARIA BRANCH F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 SU 21A BP 203 EP 203 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT864 UT WOS:A1995QT86400739 ER PT J AU GORMAN, M CORNEL, A COLLINS, F SALAZAR, C HAN, YS PASKEWITZ, S AF GORMAN, M CORNEL, A COLLINS, F SALAZAR, C HAN, YS PASKEWITZ, S TI GENETIC-MAPPING OF GENES INVOLVED IN A MELANIZATION RESPONSE IN ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VECTOR GENET UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 10 PY 1995 SU 21A BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA QT864 UT WOS:A1995QT86400750 ER PT J AU VANCHIERE, JA BELLINI, WJ MOYER, SA AF VANCHIERE, JA BELLINI, WJ MOYER, SA TI HYPERMUTATION OF THE PHOSPHOPROTEIN AND ALTERED MESSENGER-RNA EDITING IN THE HAMSTER NEUROTROPIC STRAIN OF MEASLES-VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; MESSENGER-RNA SYNTHESIS; SENDAI VIRUS; P-GENE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BIASED HYPERMUTATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MATRIX PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; CELLS AB Sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein (P) genes of viruses in the hamster neurotropic lineage of measles virus revealed that the neurotropic variants are quite different from the Philadelphia 26 progenitor strain. In Vero cells persistently infected with the hamster neurotropic strain, predicted changes occur in 5.0% of the nucleoprotein and 8.1% of the P amino acids and some of these changes appear to affect the relative electrophoretic mobility of each protein. To evaluate one aspect of the viral polymerase complex containing these mutations, the distribution of P mRNA editing in each of the three strains was determined by both cloning and sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragments which included the editing site and by primer extension analysis of viral mRNA. Editing of P mRNA in the neurotropic strains shows a shift away from the single G insertion product to those with greater than 2 Gs inserted. The altered editing distribution has implications for the role of transcriptional regulation in measles virus persistence. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV FLORIDA,SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MED MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. UNIV FLORIDA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. EMORY UNIV,PROGRAM NEUROSCI,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-11123]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI32127]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-27847] NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 10 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 2 BP 555 EP 561 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1116 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA QN321 UT WOS:A1995QN32100024 PM 7886959 ER PT J AU OARI, SH SHI, YP PIENIAZEK, NJ COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF OARI, SH SHI, YP PIENIAZEK, NJ COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE MALARIA PARASITES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 145 EP 145 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98700870 ER PT J AU STOLTZFUS, RJ YIP, R CHWAYA, HM ALAWI, KS ALBONICO, M SCHULZE, KJ TIELSCH, J SAVIOLI, L AF STOLTZFUS, RJ YIP, R CHWAYA, HM ALAWI, KS ALBONICO, M SCHULZE, KJ TIELSCH, J SAVIOLI, L TI QUANTITATION OF HOOKWORM BLOOD-LOSS AND IRON STATUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DIV HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CDC,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. WHO,PROGRAMME INTESTINAL PARASIT INFECT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. MINIST HLTH,ZANZIBAR,TANZANIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 164 EP 164 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98700983 ER PT J AU QUATAERT, M VANDERPOLL, C BULUX, J SOLOMONS, NW MAY, S MABERLY, G AF QUATAERT, M VANDERPOLL, C BULUX, J SOLOMONS, NW MAY, S MABERLY, G TI CAN FIELD TESTING FOR SALT IODINE CONTENT PROVIDE INSIGHTS ON THE ECOLOGY OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. EMORY UNIV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROGRAM AGAINST MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30329. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 165 EP 165 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98700988 ER PT J AU YIP, R SIMMONS, W AF YIP, R SIMMONS, W TI DETERMINING THE NATURE OF ANEMIA AND IRON-DEFICIENCY USING HEMOGLOBIN DISTRIBUTIONS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CARIBBEAN FOOD & NUTR INST,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. CDC,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 165 EP 165 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98700985 ER PT J AU BOND, KB MCNICHOLL, JM KWAN, BW TAM, JP ELSON, CO HUNTER, RL AF BOND, KB MCNICHOLL, JM KWAN, BW TAM, JP ELSON, CO HUNTER, RL TI ORALLY-ADMINISTERED LIPO-MAPS ADJUVANTED WITH BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AND CHOLERA-TOXIN INDUCE MUCOSAL IMMUNITY TO HIV-1 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RI Tam, James/A-2176-2011 OI Tam, James/0000-0003-4433-198X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A215 EP A215 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701272 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MK AF DAVIS, MK TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL INFANT-FEEDING AND CHRONIC DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD - EVIDENCE FOR CAUSALITY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A444 EP A444 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702595 ER PT J AU GREENE, RM TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB AF GREENE, RM TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB TI OPTIMIZATION OF THE COVALENT CONJUGATING PROCEDURE (NAIO4) OF HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE TO ANTIBODIES FOR USE IN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US PHS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US PHS,CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A228 EP A228 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701351 ER PT J AU HEARN, TL HUNTER, RL OLSEN, MR AF HEARN, TL HUNTER, RL OLSEN, MR TI MUCOSAL AND SYSTEMIC ANTIBODIES IN MICE AFTER ORAL INFUSIONS WITH ANTIGENS IN WATER-IN-OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS CONTAINING BLOCK-COPOLYMER P1005 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV LAB SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A215 EP A215 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701275 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, P TSANG, V ARROWOOD, M AF JOHNSON, P TSANG, V ARROWOOD, M TI QUANTITATIVE ASSAY DEVELOPMENT FOR CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A229 EP A229 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701352 ER PT J AU KIDD, MR PATTERSON, PS LAL, AA HUNTER, RL AF KIDD, MR PATTERSON, PS LAL, AA HUNTER, RL TI ANTIGEN PREPARATION PRESERVING LABILE EPITOPES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A231 EP A231 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701365 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, PS KIDD, MR BOSSHARDT, SC HUNTER, RL LAL, AA AF PATTERSON, PS KIDD, MR BOSSHARDT, SC HUNTER, RL LAL, AA TI PROTECTION IN P-YOELII BLOOD-STAGE MODEL ASSOCIATED WITH TH2 TYPE CYTOKINE RESPONSE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A230 EP A230 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701362 ER PT J AU REED, RC OARI, SH LOUISWILEMAN, V SYED, U FANG, HS JUE, D WOHLHUETER, R COLLINS, WE HUNTER, RL LAL, AA AF REED, RC OARI, SH LOUISWILEMAN, V SYED, U FANG, HS JUE, D WOHLHUETER, R COLLINS, WE HUNTER, RL LAL, AA TI INDUCTION OF STERILE IMMUNITY TO RODENT MALARIA AND IN-VITRO INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF HUMAN MALARIA USING A MULTIPLE ANTIGEN PEPTIDE SYSTEM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A207 EP A207 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701228 ER PT J AU RUHADZE, E MCNICHOLL, JM BOND, KB OLSON, MR KWAN, BW TAKAYAMA, KK MCDOUGAL, JS HUNTER, RL AF RUHADZE, E MCNICHOLL, JM BOND, KB OLSON, MR KWAN, BW TAKAYAMA, KK MCDOUGAL, JS HUNTER, RL TI ADJUVANT FORMULATIONS ENHANCE HUMORAL AND CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSES TO HIV-1 SUBUNIT VACCINES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53703. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A208 EP A208 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701234 ER PT J AU RYAN, KR KIDD, MR DUNCAN, A LAL, AA HUNTER, RL AF RYAN, KR KIDD, MR DUNCAN, A LAL, AA HUNTER, RL TI ASSOCIATION OF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WITH ENHANCED MALARIA IN MICE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A231 EP A231 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701366 ER PT J AU TORRES, OR CRUZ, JR FIELDS, P CAMEROON, D WELLS, J AF TORRES, OR CRUZ, JR FIELDS, P CAMEROON, D WELLS, J TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A DNA-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE FOR ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INCAP,PROGRAM NUTR & INFECT,GUATEMALA CITY 01011,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A478 EP A478 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702796 ER PT J AU WANG, Y HAGEDORN, CH NICHOLS, BL BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ AF WANG, Y HAGEDORN, CH NICHOLS, BL BRADLEY, DW BEACH, MJ TI VIRAL-PROTEINS IN A HEPATITIS-C CELL-CULTURE SYSTEM SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A409 EP A409 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98702396 ER PT J AU XIAO, L YANG, C DOROVINIZIS, K TANDON, NN LAI, AA UDHAYAKUMAR, V AF XIAO, L YANG, C DOROVINIZIS, K TANDON, NN LAI, AA UDHAYAKUMAR, V TI CYTOADHERENCE OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES TO ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS MAY INVOLVE UNIDENTIFIED CYTOADHERENCE RECEPTOR(S) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. VANCOUVER GEN HOSP,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. AMER RED CROSS,BETHESDA,MD. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 9 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP A231 EP A231 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA QL987 UT WOS:A1995QL98701364 ER PT J AU MOKOTOFF, ED DUNN, RA JOHNSON, DR WILCOX, KR BURGER, L LETT, S AF MOKOTOFF, ED DUNN, RA JOHNSON, DR WILCOX, KR BURGER, L LETT, S TI TRANSMISSION OF PERTUSSIS FROM ADULT TO INFANT - MICHIGAN, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 74-76, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PREVENTION C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,IMMUNIZAT SECT,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,LANSING,MI 48909. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA. RP MOKOTOFF, ED (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIS SURVEILLANCE SECT,LANSING,MI 48909, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 10 BP 768 EP 768 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QJ750 UT WOS:A1995QJ75000006 ER PT J AU HARDMAN, MS BALLESCA, MA SENSENG, DM SPENCER, S HANNA, SD LOUDEN, BM MOREHEAD, MA ANDERSON, P MCTAGGART, B KHAN, A MARFIN, AA MARKS, PJ SANG, E FISHER, MA FARR, RW MERRILL, J SLEMP, C LAMBERT, F DODD, D HADDY, L AF HARDMAN, MS BALLESCA, MA SENSENG, DM SPENCER, S HANNA, SD LOUDEN, BM MOREHEAD, MA ANDERSON, P MCTAGGART, B KHAN, A MARFIN, AA MARKS, PJ SANG, E FISHER, MA FARR, RW MERRILL, J SLEMP, C LAMBERT, F DODD, D HADDY, L TI HUMAN RABIES - WEST-VIRGINIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 86-87, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ST JOSEPHS HOSP,PARKERSBURG,WV 26101. W VIRGINIA UNIV,ROBERT C BYRD HLTH SCI CTR,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. MID OHIO VALLEY HLTH DEPT,ELIZABETH,OH. W VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH & HUMAN RESOURCES,CHARLESTON,WV. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HARDMAN, MS (reprint author), ROANE GEN HOSP,200 HOSP DR,SPENCER,WV 25276, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 10 BP 769 EP 770 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QJ750 UT WOS:A1995QJ75000008 ER PT J AU CONLISK, E SIEGEL, M LENGERICH, E MACKENZIE, W MALEK, S ERIKSEN, M AF CONLISK, E SIEGEL, M LENGERICH, E MACKENZIE, W MALEK, S ERIKSEN, M TI THE STATUS OF LOCAL SMOKING REGULATIONS IN NORTH-CAROLINA FOLLOWING A STATE PREEMPTION BILL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID RISK AB Objective.-To determine the number and protectiveness of local smoking regulations adopted before the implementation of a preemptive statewide smoking control bill. Method.-Review of local smoking control regulations from all 100 counties and 85 municipalities with populations greater than 5000 in North Carolina. Main Outcome Measures.-Adoption of local smoking control regulations before and during the 3-month delay in enactment of the preemptive bill. Protectiveness of regulations was based on restrictions on smoking and requirements for separate ventilation systems at private work sites: none (smoking unrestricted); minimal (smoking restricted to designated areas); partial (smoking restricted to designated areas served by separate ventilation systems); and complete (smoking prohibited). Because some regulations would be phased in gradually over the next 5 years, we evaluated the requirements that will be in effect by January 1, 2000. Results.-Between July 15 and October 15, 1993, the number of local smoking regulations in North Carolina increased from 16 to 105. By the year 2000, 59% of private employees still will not be guaranteed any protection from work site environmental tobacco smoke; 19% will have minimal protection, 22% will have partial protection, and none will have complete protection. Conclusions.-The 3-month delay in preemption created an unnatural time frame for communities to organize, debate, and adopt smoking restrictions. Despite the adoption of 89 new regulations, no private employees will be guaranteed complete protection from work site environmental tobacco smoke by the year 2000; new regulations can no longer be adopted. HB 957 has been a setback for public health in North Carolina. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CONLISK, E (reprint author), N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,DIV ADULT HLTH PROMOT,POB 27687,RALEIGH,NC 27611, USA. OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 8 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 10 BP 805 EP 807 DI 10.1001/jama.273.10.805 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QJ750 UT WOS:A1995QJ75000033 PM 7861576 ER PT J AU BRACKBILL, RM SIEGEL, PZ ACKERMANN, SP AF BRACKBILL, RM SIEGEL, PZ ACKERMANN, SP TI SELF-REPORTED HYPERTENSION AMONG UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP BRACKBILL, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 4 PY 1995 VL 310 IS 6979 BP 568 EP 568 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QK700 UT WOS:A1995QK70000020 PM 7888932 ER PT J AU VANLOON, FPL PATRIARCA, PA AF VANLOON, FPL PATRIARCA, PA TI ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION AS ADJUVANT FOR ORAL VACCINATION SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP VANLOON, FPL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MS E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 4 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8949 BP 580 EP 581 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90487-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QK444 UT WOS:A1995QK44400032 PM 7776787 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR SIMONE, PM CASTRO, KG AF FRIEDEN, TR SIMONE, PM CASTRO, KG TI CASE-34-1994 - LARYNGEAL TUBERCULOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 2 PY 1995 VL 332 IS 9 BP 610 EP 610 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QJ090 UT WOS:A1995QJ09000021 PM 7838204 ER PT J AU MURRAY, RP JOHNSTON, JJ DOLCE, JJ LEE, WW OHARA, P AF MURRAY, RP JOHNSTON, JJ DOLCE, JJ LEE, WW OHARA, P TI SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR SMOKING CESSATION AND ABSTINENCE - THE LUNG HEALTH STUDY SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM; INTERVENTION; MAINTENANCE; PARTICIPANTS AB This article evaluates the relationship of social support to smoking cessation and continued abstinence of 3923 men and women with mild to moderate airway obstruction in the Lung Health Study. At both the end of a 12-week group program and after 1 year, men but not women who were supported in quitting were more likely to be successful. Married status facilitated quitting but was less strongly related to long-term abstinence. Participants supported by an ex-smoker who had attended the group program with them were very likely not smoking after 1 year (men, 74.7%; women, 72.4%). Participants supported by a smoker were less than half as likely to have achieved abstinence after 1 year but still had cessation rates greater than 30%. The nature of these relationships has implications for the distinction between women and men in studies of social support and for intervention strategies. Support people should be included in cessation intervention programs. Spouse involvement, however, is more evidently useful for men than for women. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV ALABAMA,UNIVERSITY,AL 35486. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HR-46002] NR 29 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(99)80001-X PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA QM014 UT WOS:A1995QM01400003 PM 7484310 ER PT J AU SIMON, PA HU, DJ DIAZ, T KERNDT, PR AF SIMON, PA HU, DJ DIAZ, T KERNDT, PR TI INCOME AND AIDS RATES IN LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; INCOME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ID UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-CLASS; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; MORTALITY; HISPANICS; PATTERNS; DISEASE; RACE; CARE AB Objective: To examine the relationship between income and AIDS rates in Los Angeles County (LAG) by race/ethnicity. Methods: 1990 US census data were used to classify LAC postal zones (zip codes) by median household income into low-, middle-, and high-income strata. AIDS rates were calculated for each income stratum based on 15 805 AIDS cases diagnosed from 1987 through 1992 and reported to the county health department. Results: The AIDS rate was highest among residents of low-income areas (252.8 per 100 000), intermediate among residents of middle-income areas (161.2 per 100 000), and lowest among residents of high-income areas (82.0 per 100 000). This trend in rates was present in all racial/ethnic groups examined and was most pronounced among whites (675.1, 226.7, and 88.4 per 100 000, respectively). Residents of low-income areas accounted for 78% of AIDS cases among blacks, 67% among Hispanics, and 47% among whites. Conclusions: These findings suggest a strong inverse relationship between income and AIDS rates in LAC that is consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Prevention programs and treatment services should be directed most intensively to low-income neighborhoods in this county. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA QJ626 UT WOS:A1995QJ62600010 PM 7755917 ER PT J AU ORLOFF, SL BANDEA, CI KENNEDY, MS ALLAWAY, GP MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS AF ORLOFF, SL BANDEA, CI KENNEDY, MS ALLAWAY, GP MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS TI INCREASE IN SENSITIVITY TO SOLUBLE CD4 BY PRIMARY HIV TYPE-1 ISOLATES AFTER PASSAGE THROUGH C8166 CELLS - ASSOCIATION WITH SEQUENCE DIFFERENCES IN THE FIRST CONSTANT (C1) REGION OF GLYCOPROTEIN-120 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ENVELOPE V3 LOOP; T-CELL; GP120 DISSOCIATION; BINDING-AFFINITY; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; SCD4 BINDING; AMINO-ACIDS; NEUTRALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were obtained by coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from HIV-1-infected people with PBLs from uninfected donors, These viral stocks tend to be resistant to neutralization/inactivation by soluble CD4 (sCD4). When these stocks were passed through the T cell line C8166, virus stocks emerged that were sensitive to sCD4, Pre- and post-CS166 stocks maintained their sCD4-resistant and -sensitive phenotypes, respectively, with further passage in PBLs, Pre- and post-C8166 stocks were biologically cloned by two cycles of limiting dilution, The majority (14 of 17) of pre-C8166 clones were sCD4 resistant, and, conversely, the majority of post-C8166 clones (11 of 12) were sensitive to sCD4. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence analysis in the env (gp120) region revealed a limited number of differences between the clones, The only differences that sorted with biological phenotype were in the first constant (C1) region of gp120. Adaptation to growth in C8166 cells and conversion from the sCD4-resistant to the sCD4-sensitive phenotype represent the emergence to prominence of viral species in the pre-C8166 stock that have a replication advantage in C8166 coincident with increased sensitivity to sCD4. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROGEN PHARMACEUT INC,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1089/aid.1995.11.335 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA QP480 UT WOS:A1995QP48000003 PM 7786580 ER PT J AU SEIXAS, NS HEWETT, P ROBINS, TG HANEY, R AF SEIXAS, NS HEWETT, P ROBINS, TG HANEY, R TI VARIABILITY OF PARTICLE SIZE-SPECIFIC FRACTIONS OF PERSONAL COAL-MINE DUST EXPOSURES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; WORKERS; SAMPLER AB This study estimated the ratio of the tracheo-bronchial dust fraction to the fraction collected by a respirable dust sampler for a variety of job classifications found in conventional, continuous, and longwall coal mining sections. The ratios could then be applied in epidemiologic studies to existing respirable dust measurements to estimate thoracic mass concentrations for evaluation of the relative importance of the respirable and thoracic dust fractions to obstructive lung disease. Data collected include particle size distributions from four U.S. underground coal mines using eight-stage personal cascade impactors. A total of 180 samples were examined by mine, occupation and occupations grouped by proximity to the mine face, and by mining technology. Several fractions-that collected by the IO-mm nylon cyclone, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists respirable and thoracic particulate mass fractions, and the estimated alveolar and tracheo-bronchial deposition fractions-were estimated. These were not significantly different when grouped by occupation, by proximity of work to the mine face, or by the type of mining technology in use. Distributions from one mine varied from the others, perhaps because it used diesel equipment in the haulage ways, which contributed to the fine aerosol fractions. Results suggest that although the tracheo-bronchial dust fraction may contribute to the development of obstructive lung disease, occupation specific tracheo-bronchial dust fractions are not likely To produce stronger exposure-response estimates than the historically collected respirable dust concentrations. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ENVIRONM & IND HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US MINE SAFETY & HLTH ADM,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. RP SEIXAS, NS (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SC-34,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH02761] NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN023 UT WOS:A1995QN02300005 PM 7717269 ER PT J AU JENSEN, PA AF JENSEN, PA TI EVALUATION OF STANDARD AND MODIFIED SAMPLING HEADS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL PBI SURFACE AIR SYSTEM BIOAEROSOL SAMPLERS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB This study substituted sampling heads with smaller holes to collect small particles with the International PBI Surface Air System (SAS) battery-powered, bioaerosol air samplers, which have proved inefficient in collecting small airborne particles such as free bacteria (e.g., < 2 mu m). An Andersen six-stage (6-STG) sampler was used simultaneously with two SAS samplers (SAS high flow [SAS-HF] and Compact SAS [SAS-C]) to sample indoor air in two office environments. Discrepancies were observed in the pow rate results obtained using the manufacturer's Pitot Validation Kit (PVK). Air sampling results suggested no significant difference in the concentration of bacteria and fungi collected among the four sampling heads using either sampler model in a small sample (n = 5) at either site. However, with an additional 15 samples at Site B (n = 5 + 15 = 20), three of the four sampling heads statistically undersampled the 6-STG and the other sampling head. The field data were variable (geometric standard deviation [GSD] = 1.25-1.94 for bacteria; GSD = 1.18-3.51 for fungi), but within ranges previously observed. The manufacturer increased particle collection efficiency by decreasing the hole size; however, this increase was only noticeable after many replicates. The PVK may be used as an accurate flow rate measurement device with the SAS-HF sampler, though the Pitot tube measures only centerline velocity pressure. Because of the 10% decrease in flow rate resulting from the pressure drop across the PVK, the equation in the manufacturer's literature for calculation of average velocities (V-AVG) provides a reasonable estimate of flow rate through the SAS-C sampler. RP JENSEN, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY R5,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0272:EOSAMS>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QN023 UT WOS:A1995QN02300009 PM 7717271 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, SD BUCHBINDER, SP CONLEY, LJ WONG, LC KATZ, MH PENLEY, KA HERSHOW, RC JUDSON, FN AF HOLMBERG, SD BUCHBINDER, SP CONLEY, LJ WONG, LC KATZ, MH PENLEY, KA HERSHOW, RC JUDSON, FN TI THE SPECTRUM OF MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND SYMPTOMS BEFORE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME IN HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; HIV INFECTIONS; MORBIDITY; T4 LYMPHOCYTES ID RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USERS; AIDS; COHORT; MANIFESTATIONS; ASSOCIATION; PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; CANCERS AB The full range and occurrence of medical conditions in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before they develop illnesses that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have not been systematically or completely described. In a retrospective and prospective cohort study, 1,073 homosexual and bisexual men in three US cities were interviewed and examined twice per year from January 1988 to September 1992. Study participants were from San Francisco, California (273 HIV-seropositive and 432 HIV-seronegative men), Denver, Colorado (107 positive and 129 negative men), and Chicago, Illinois (54 positive and 78 negative men). A total of 305 HIV-positive men had specifiable dates of HIV seroconversion (mean of 15.3 months between the last negative and the first positive HIV antibody test). Besides much increased incidences of thrush (incidence relative risk (IRR) = 23.3) and hairy leukoplakia (IRR = 551), the following conditions also occurred significantly more frequently in HIV-positive men than in HIV-negative men: anal herpes (incidence density (ID) = 10.7/100 person-years; IRR = 7.7); sinusitis requiring antibiotics (ID = 6.2/100 person-years; IRR = 2.1); anal warts (ID = 5.8/100 person-years; IRR = 2.7); seborrhea (ID = 3.8/100 person-years; IRR = 6.6); community-acquired pneumonia (ID = 1.4/100 person-years; IRR = 2.7); skin cancers (ID = 1.0/100 person-years; IRR = 2.2); and seizures, often apparently ''breaking through'' prior anticonvulsant therapy (ID = 0.8/100 person-years; IRR = 5.6). First episodes of hairy leukoplakia, thrush, and skin cancer occurred at low mean CD4 counts (mean counts were less than 350 cells/mu l) and late in HIV infection (mean times were more than 8 years after HIV seroconversion). Many medical problems, some not widely appreciated, occur in HIV-infected men before they develop AIDS-defining illnesses, signifying considerable morbidity from pre-AIDS HIV infection. RP HOLMBERG, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 5 BP 395 EP 404 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QL096 UT WOS:A1995QL09600003 PM 7879784 ER PT J AU EGELAND, GM SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA WILLE, KK SCHNORR, TM HALPERIN, WE AF EGELAND, GM SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA WILLE, KK SCHNORR, TM HALPERIN, WE TI RE - TOTAL SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND GONADOTROPINS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO DIOXIN - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP EGELAND, GM (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 5 BP 477 EP 478 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QL096 UT WOS:A1995QL09600013 ER PT J AU MONTES, JH ENG, E BRAITHWAITE, RL AF MONTES, JH ENG, E BRAITHWAITE, RL TI A COMMENTARY ON MINORITY HEALTH AS A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article ID RACE AB In introducing this issue, the editors of this special issue on underserved populations describe the emergence of the field of minority health, begin to define its parameters, and review some of the strategies that will be important in improving the health status of underserved minority populations. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,OFF PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP MONTES, JH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 247 EP 250 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QW632 UT WOS:A1995QW63200002 PM 10150725 ER PT J AU KAMENGA, MC DECOCK, KM LOUIS, MES TOURE, CK ZAKARIA, S NGBICHI, JM GHYS, PD HOLMES, KK ESCHENBACH, DA GAYLE, HD KREISS, JK AF KAMENGA, MC DECOCK, KM LOUIS, MES TOURE, CK ZAKARIA, S NGBICHI, JM GHYS, PD HOLMES, KK ESCHENBACH, DA GAYLE, HD KREISS, JK TI THE IMPACT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ON PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN ABIDJAN, IVORY-COAST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; THERAPY ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN; INFERTILITY; ASSOCIATION; PATTERNS; NAIROBI; KENYA AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on pelvic inflammatory disease. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was performed in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, women with pelvic inflammatory disease, 57 seropositive and 113 seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus. Women underwent an interview, physical examination, pelvic ultrasonography, and laboratory testing. RESULTS: Seropositive women more often had an oral temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C (odds ratio 2.5, confidence interval 1.0 to 6.4), a genital ulcer (odds ratio 7.8, confidence interval 1.8 to 45.4), and a tuboovarian mass on ultrasonography (odds ratio 2.6, confidence interval 1.1 to 6.4) and were more likely to require surgery (odds ratio 6.5, confidence interval 1.1 to 67.5) and hospitalization (odds ratio 3.5, confidence interval 0.9 to 14.3). The mean clinical severity score was significantly higher among seropositive than among seronegative patients (17.4 vs 15.4, p = 0.01). Gonorrhea was detected in 50 (29.4%) and chlamydia in 16 (9.4%) of the 170 patients, and neither infection was significantly correlated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. After therapy similar proportions of seropositive and seronegative patients (95% and 93%) reported symptomatic improvement within 4 days, and none had persistent fever at day 4 or 14 of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Human immunodeficiency virus infection was associated with more severe clinical manifestations of pelvic inflammatory disease but did not affect microbial cause or response to therapy. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROJET RETRO CI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROJET SIDA,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. RP KAMENGA, MC (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ZX-32,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00007] NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 172 IS 3 BP 919 EP 925 DI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90022-5 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QM795 UT WOS:A1995QM79500022 PM 7892886 ER PT J AU LEE, BL GROSSNIKLAUS, HE CAPONE, A PADHYE, AA SEKHON, AS AF LEE, BL GROSSNIKLAUS, HE CAPONE, A PADHYE, AA SEKHON, AS TI OVADENDRON SULPHUREO-OCHRACEUM ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER CATARACT-SURGERY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAOCULAR-LENS IMPLANTATION; PROPIONIBACTERIUM-ACNES ENDOPHTHALMITIS; POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS; PSEUDOPHAKIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS; FUNGAL ENDOPHTHALMITIS; EXTRACTION; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS AB PURPOSE: We examined an 82-year old woman with delayed onset endophthalmitis caused by an opportunistic pathogen, Ovadendron sulphureo-ochraceum. METHODS: Tissue obtained during vitrectomy was cultured and examined by light and electron microscopy. An enucleation specimen was examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: The patient had fungal endophthalmitis, with O. sulphureo-ochraceum present in the lens capsule. The eye developed a necrotizing scleritis secondary to O. sulphureo-ochraceum. The patient failed to respond to intravitreous, subconjunctival, and systemic amphotericin B, and the eye was enucleated. CONCLUSION: In this case of O. sulphureo-ochraceum as a human pathogen, the organism caused endophthalmitis after cataract extraction. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR EYE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LF MONTGOMERY OPHTHALM PATHOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30322. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALBERTA,NATL REFERENCE CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY0630] NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 119 IS 3 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA QK317 UT WOS:A1995QK31700007 PM 7872391 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM GOLDSMITH, CS NOLTE, KB FOUCAR, K FEDDERSEN, RM ZUMWALT, RE MILLER, GL KHAN, AS ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG NICHOL, ST MAHY, BWJ PETERS, CJ AF ZAKI, SR GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM GOLDSMITH, CS NOLTE, KB FOUCAR, K FEDDERSEN, RM ZUMWALT, RE MILLER, GL KHAN, AS ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG NICHOL, ST MAHY, BWJ PETERS, CJ TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - PATHOGENESIS OF AN EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MICROVESSEL ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAAN VIRUS; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; ACTIVATION AB A recent outbreak of a severe pulmonary disease in the southwestern United States was etiologically linked to a previously unrecognized hantavirus The virus has been isolated from its major reservoir, the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and recently named Sin Nombre virus Clinically, the disease has become known as the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), Since May 1993, 44 fatal cases of HPS have been identified through clinicopathological review and immuno-histochemical (IHC) testing of tissues from 273 patients who died of an unexplained noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. In 158 cases for which suitable specimens were available, serological testing and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of extracted RNA was also performed IHC, serological, and PCR results were concordant for virtually all HPS and non-HPS patients when more than one assay was performed. The prodromal illness of HPS is similar to that of many other viral diseases Consistent hematological features include thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift, and reactive lymphocytes. Pulmonary histopathological features were similar in most of the fatal HPS cases (40/44) and consisted of an interstitial pneumonitis with a variable mononuclear cell infiltrate, edema, and focal hyaline membranes, In four cases, however, pulmonary features were significantly different and included diffuse alveolar damage and variable degrees of severe air space disorganization IHC analysis showed widespread presence of hantaviral antigens in endothelial cells of the microvasculature, particularly in the lung, Hantaviral antigens were also observed within follicular dendritic cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Hantaviral inclusions were observed in endothelial cells of lungs by thin-section electron microscopy, and their identity was verified by immunogold labeling, Virus-like particles were seen in pulmonary endothelial cells and macrophages. HPS is a newly recognized of-ten fatal disease, with a spectrum of microscopic morphological changes, which may be an important cause of severe and fatal illness presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. RP ZAKI, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 90 TC 426 Z9 446 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 146 IS 3 BP 552 EP 579 PG 28 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA QL395 UT WOS:A1995QL39500002 PM 7887439 ER PT J AU KOGAN, MD OVERPECK, MD FINGERHUT, LA AF KOGAN, MD OVERPECK, MD FINGERHUT, LA TI MEDICALLY ATTENDED NONFATAL INJURIES AMONG PRESCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN - NATIONAL ESTIMATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We used data from the 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up to the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey to examine cumulative risk of injury among children from birth to three years old and to provide national-level cause-specific estimates of medically attended nonfatal injuries for this age group. Almost 25% of the 8,145 children reportedly received care for an injury between birth and three years old. Among the children with injuries, 25.4% reportedly had more than one medically attended injury. Risk of reported injury was higher for boys and upper level socioeconomic groups. Falls were the most frequently reported injury (51%), followed by burns (11.7%), striking or cutting injuries (9.8%), poisonings (9.8%), and injuries from devices not intended for the child's use (7.9%). Nonfatal injuries for preschool-age children present a pattern strikingly different from that of fatal injuries among this age group, and the need for this data is important in targeting prevention strategies. RP KOGAN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA QT124 UT WOS:A1995QT12400005 PM 7632457 ER PT J AU HU, DJ BYERS, R FLEMING, PL WARD, JW AF HU, DJ BYERS, R FLEMING, PL WARD, JW TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WITH LATE AIDS DIAGNOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB To describe characteristics of persons with late (at or after death) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis, we analyzed national surveillance data among all persons with AIDS diagnosed through December 1991 under the pre-1993 AIDS case definition and with a known date of death. Late diagnosis was present in 15.8% of 163,202 deceased persons with AIDS and in 15.3% of deceased men with AIDS, 20.6% of women, 12.1% of whites, 20.0% of blacks, 21.1% of Hispanics, 12.3% of men who have sex with men (MSM), 21.9% of injecting drug users (IDU), and 19.6% of persons exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through heterosexual contact. When age, race/ethnicity, sex, geographic region, and transmission mode were included in logistic regression analyses, among adults/adolescents, late diagnosis was more likely among persons 40 years or older than among those 13-39 years old, among blacks and Hispanics than among whites, and among IDU and persons exposed to HIV through heterosexual contact than among MSM. Although children (less than 13 years of age) were more likely to have late diagnosis than adults and adolescents, late diagnoses among children did not differ significantly by race/ethnicity, sex, geographic region, or transmission mode. Late AIDS diagnosis, especially among ethnic minorities and IDU and their sex partners, may represent delays in HIV diagnosis and care. In addition to not receiving early clinical intervention, persons who are diagnosed later in the course of HIV disease represent missed opportunities for receiving prevention efforts such as education, counseling, and substance abuse treatment. Monitoring the characteristics of persons with late AIDS diagnosis can be used to identify populations in whom HIV disease may be underrecognized or persons who do not gain access to health care services until late in HIV disease. RP HU, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA QT124 UT WOS:A1995QT12400007 PM 7632446 ER PT J AU SATCHER, D AF SATCHER, D TI THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF MENTAL-RETARDATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 304 EP 306 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.304 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM393 UT WOS:A1995QM39300003 PM 7892907 ER PT J AU MURPHY, CC YEARGINALLSOPP, M DECOUFLE, P DREWS, CD AF MURPHY, CC YEARGINALLSOPP, M DECOUFLE, P DREWS, CD TI THE ADMINISTRATIVE PREVALENCE OF MENTAL-RETARDATION IN 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA, 1985 THROUGH 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS; SWEDISH COUNTY; SEX AB Objectives. In this study, data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study were used to determine the administrative prevalence (i.e., the number of children previously identified for service provision) of mental retardation among 10-year-old children during the years 1985 through 1987. Methods. Children with mental retardation (intelligence quotient [IQ] of 70 or lower) were identified by review of records from multiple sources, with the public schools as the primary source. Results. The overall administrative prevalence of mental retardation was 12.0 per 1000 children. The rate for mild mental retardation (IQ of 50 to 70) was 8.4 per 1000 and the rate for severe mental retardation (IQ lower than 50) was 3.6 per 1000. The prevalence was higher in Black children than in White children (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 2.7) and in boys than in girls (POR = 1.4). Children with severe mental retardation had more coexisting disabilities than did children with mild mental retardation. Conclusions The mental retardation prevalence rates reported here, especially the race-specific rates, may reflect social and demographic features unique to the metropolitan Atlanta area and therefore should be used with caution in making comparisons with other populations. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP MURPHY, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MAILSTOP F-15,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 38 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.319 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM393 UT WOS:A1995QM39300008 PM 7892912 ER PT J AU YEARGINALLSOPP, M DREWS, CD DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC AF YEARGINALLSOPP, M DREWS, CD DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC TI MILD MENTAL-RETARDATION IN BLACK-AND-WHITE CHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; CARE; AGE AB Objectives. This study assessed differences in the prevalence of mild mental retardation, defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) from 50 to 70, between Black and White children. Methods. A case-control study design was used. Ten-year-old children with mental retardation were identified from multiple sources. Information on race, sex, maternal age, birth order, economic status, and maternal education was abstracted from birth certificates of 330 case children and 563 control children (public school students). Results. The crude Black-White odds ratio (OR) was 2.6, but it was reduced to 1.8 after the other five covariates were controlled. The disparity was largest among children whose mental retardation was first diagnosed when they were 8 to 10 years old (adjusted OR = 2.5). We found no significant difference in the occurrence of mild mental retardation between Black and White children diagnosed before the age of 6 pears (adjusted OR = 1.2). Black children had a higher prevalence of mild mental retardation within all strata of the other five covariates. Conclusions. Five sociodemographic factors accounted for approximately half of the excess prevalence of mild mental retardation among Black children. Possible reasons for the residual difference are discussed. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP YEARGINALLSOPP, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MAILSTOP F-15,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 45 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.324 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM393 UT WOS:A1995QM39300009 PM 7892913 ER PT J AU DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC AF DREWS, CD YEARGINALLSOPP, M DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC TI VARIATION IN THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC RISK-FACTORS FOR MENTAL-RETARDATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives, This study explored the utility of subdividing mental retardation into groups based on the presence of other neurological conditions. Methods. Data were abstracted from birth certificates as part of a case-control study of mental retardation among 10-year-old children. The study sample included 458 case children and 563 control children selected from public schools. Case children were subdivided on the basis,of intelligence. quotient: (IQ) score and the presence of other neurological conditions. Results. Other neurological conditions, were more common with severe mental retardation than with mild mental retardation. Regardless of IQ level or the presence of other neurological conditions, boys were more likely than girls to have mental retardation. Older mothers were more likely than younger mothers to have a child with mental retardation accompanied by another neurological condition, High birth order, Black race,and low maternal education were associated with a higher prevalence of isolated mental retardation. Conclusions. These findings suggest,that sociodemographic risk factors for mental retardation vary according to the presence of other neurological conditions and that subdivisions based on medical or physical criteria may be useful in epidemiologic studies of mental retardation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP DREWS, CD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016 OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404 NR 38 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.329 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM393 UT WOS:A1995QM39300010 PM 7892914 ER PT J AU MARSTON, BJ DIALLO, MO HORSBURGH, CR DIOMANDE, I SAKI, MZ KANGA, JM PATRICE, G LIPMAN, HB OSTROFF, SM GOOD, RC AF MARSTON, BJ DIALLO, MO HORSBURGH, CR DIOMANDE, I SAKI, MZ KANGA, JM PATRICE, G LIPMAN, HB OSTROFF, SM GOOD, RC TI EMERGENCE OF BURULI ULCER DISEASE IN THE DALOA REGION OF COTE-DIVOIRE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-ULCERANS; INFECTION AB Recent reports have suggested increases in Buruli ulcer (BU), an infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans in west Africa. In 1991, we conducted surveillance for BU in a rural area of Cote d'Ivoire and identified 312 cases of active or healed ulceration. A case-control study was then performed to investigate risk factors for this infection. The rate of illness did not appear to differ between males and females (5.2% versus 7.5%; P = 0.11). The highest rate of illness was seen in the 10-14-year-old age group (143 cases per 1,000 population). New cases increased more than three-fold between 1987 and 1991, and local prevalence of BU was as high as 16.3%. Twenty-six percent of persons with healed ulcers had chronic functional disability. Participation in farming activities near the main river in the region was identified in the case-control study as a risk factor for infection (odds ratio [OR] for each 10-min decrease in walking distance between the fields and the river = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 2.28, P = 0.046). Wearing long pants was protective (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06, 0.62, P < 0.005). We conclude that the incidence of BU is increasing rapidly in Cote d'Ivoire. Specific causes of this increase were not identified, but wearing protective clothing appeared to decrease the risk of disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST SANTE & PROTECT SOCIALE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. SECTEUR SANTE RURALE,DALOA,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV TREICHVILLE,DERMATOL SERV,TREICHVILLE,COTE IVOIRE. RP MARSTON, BJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QQ373 UT WOS:A1995QQ37300004 PM 7694962 ER PT J AU LI, YL RUO, SL TONG, Z MA, QR LIU, ZL YE, KL ZHU, ZY MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP XU, ZY AF LI, YL RUO, SL TONG, Z MA, QR LIU, ZL YE, KL ZHU, ZY MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP XU, ZY TI A SEROTYPIC STUDY OF HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN RURAL CHINA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; HANTAAN; STRAINS AB Apodemus agrarius was trapped in the fields and Rattus norvegicus was trapped within the houses in the villages of Jiande County, a region in the Zhejiang Province of China endemic for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Antibodies to hantaviruses were detected in three (16.7%) of 18 A. agrarius and 12 (13.5%) of 89 R. norvegicus, whereas hantavirus antigens were detected in the lung tissues of four (22.2%) of 18 and nine (10.1%) of 89 of these rodents, respectively. Three hantaviruses, one from A. agrarius and two from R. norvegicus, were isolated and found to be antigenically similar to Hantaan and Seoul serotype viruses, respectively. A serologic study of 437 clinically defined HERS patients conducted in Jiande County in 1988 revealed that the ratio of Hantaan (72.5%) to Seoul (26.8%) serotype virus infections was 2.7:1. Two epidemic seasons were found, with a major peak in November and a minor peak in June, and both were associated with Hantaan serotype virus infections that coincided with two seasonal peaks of the A. agrarius population and local agricultural activities in the fields. Seoul serotype virus infections occurred with a small peak during the months of December through May, in which in-house activities were dominant. All data suggested that Jiande County was an area endemic for HFRS, predominantly of the Hantaan virus serotype, combined with Seoul serotype virus infections. C1 SHANGHAI MED UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AGA KHAN UNIV,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,KARACHI 74800,PAKISTAN. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 3 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA QQ373 UT WOS:A1995QQ37300010 PM 7694967 ER PT J AU COOKSEY, RC MORLOCK, GP BEGGS, M CRAWFORD, JT AF COOKSEY, RC MORLOCK, GP BEGGS, M CRAWFORD, JT TI BIOLUMINESCENCE METHOD TO EVALUATE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMPLEX AB Plasmid pLUC10, carrying the firefly luciferase gene, was transformed by electroporation into Mycobacterium avium A5. Bioluminescence production by strain A5(pLUC10), as measured in a microdilution plate luminometer, was similar to 1 relative light unit per 2 x 10(6) viable bacilli, whereas it was 0.0005 relative light unit for an equal number of parental cells. The susceptibility of strain A5(pLUC10) to eight concentrations of each of eight antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the luciferase microplate assay in parallel with a conventional broth macrodilution method with antimicrobial agents. Decreases in bioluminescence to levels that were less than or equal to 10% of those of drug-free controls were observed in microplate wells containing inhibitory concentrations of drugs in as few as 3 days. The close correlation of these inhibitory concentrations with the MICs determined by a conventional broth macrodilution method suggests that the luciferase microplate method may offer a convenient and reliable means of evaluating the in vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against the M. avium complex. C1 JOHN L MCCLELLAN MEM VET ADM MED CTR,MED RES SERV,LITTLE ROCK,AR. RP COOKSEY, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 754 EP 756 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QJ947 UT WOS:A1995QJ94700032 PM 7793886 ER PT J AU RICE, RJ BHULLAR, V MITCHELL, SH BULLARD, J KNAPP, JS AF RICE, RJ BHULLAR, V MITCHELL, SH BULLARD, J KNAPP, JS TI SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS ISOLATES CAUSING UNCOMPLICATED FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT INFECTIONS AND PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID CELL-CULTURE; INVITRO; TETRACYCLINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; ANTIBIOTICS; WOMEN AB The in vitro susceptibilities of 45 recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis obtained from women with asymptomatic genital tract infection, mucopurulent cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease to doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin, and clindamycin were determined. In addition, susceptibilities of 12 isolates to amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were also determined. Isolates also were serotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for chlamydial major outer membrane protein; 24 of 35 (53%) belonged to serovars Ia and E. For all isolates, the MIC range of doxycycline was 0.008 to 0.06 mu g/ml, for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole it was 0.03 to 0.25 mu g/ml, for azithromycin it was 0.125 to 2.0 mu g/ml, for ofloxacin it was 0.5 to 1.0 mu g/ml, for clindamycin it was 0.25 to 2.0 mu g/ml, and for amoxicillin it was 0.25 to 4.0 mu g/ml. The ranges of minimum chlamydiacidal concentrations were generally 1 to 4 dilutions above the MICs of most agents, with a rank order similar to those of the MICs. Comparing the minimum chlamydiacidal concentrations for 90% of isolates tested, isolates causing asymptomatic infection belonged to a greater variety of serovars and were relatively more susceptible to doxycycline and azithromycin than isolates causing mucopurulent cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease; these differences in susceptibility were not detected among the other study agents. These data indicate that additional studies are needed to better define the apparent association of certain chlamydial serovars with the clinical severity of disease and the in vitro susceptibilities to certain antimicrobial agents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RICE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,MS C-12,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 39 IS 3 BP 760 EP 762 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QJ947 UT WOS:A1995QJ94700034 PM 7793888 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT GRABOWSKY, M MARKOWITZ, LE AF CUTTS, FT GRABOWSKY, M MARKOWITZ, LE TI THE EFFECT OF DOSE AND STRAIN OF LIVE ATTENUATED MEASLES-VACCINES ON SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES IN YOUNG INFANTS SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article ID TITER EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; SUCCESSFUL IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; RURAL SENEGAL; CHILDREN; VACCINATION; MORTALITY; SCHWARZ; IMMUNOGENICITY; STANDARD AB High morbidity and mortality from measles among infants under 9 months of age is an obstacle to measles control in many developing countries. In this paper, we review 30 studies conducted on the serological response to measles vaccine in infants aged less than 9 months. Among children aged under 9 months, Edmonston Zagreb and AIK-C vaccines produce higher seroresponse rates than Schwarz vaccine of equivalent titre. For Edmonston Zagreb and Schwarz vaccine, seroresponse rates increase with increasing vaccine titre. The absolute rate of seroresponse to Edmonston Zagreb vaccine in 6-month old infants varied greatly between studies because of differences in methods of vaccine titer measurement, serological assays, definitions of seroresponse, and maternal antibody profiles of the populations studied. Seroconversion rates to Edmonston Zagreb or AIK-C vaccines al 6 months of age were generally similar to those to Schwarz vaccine at 9 months of age, but antibody levels were lower after vaccination below 9 months of age. Although the increased mortality documented in other studies after use of high titer vaccines in 4-6 month old infants led to withdrawal of these vaccines, this review of vaccine trials highlights the need for standardization of study methods and for a better understanding of the biological action of measles vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CUTTS, FT (reprint author), LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL UNIT,LONDON WC1,ENGLAND. NR 50 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD MAR PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 95 EP 106 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA QR822 UT WOS:A1995QR82200018 PM 7619443 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF TI PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ACTIVITY AND DAMAGE IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS - WHY CLINICAL-TRIALS AND INCEPTION COHORT STUDIES INDICATE MORE FAVORABLE OUTCOMES THAN STUDIES OF PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED DISEASE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATURAL-HISTORY; MORTALITY; DISABILITY; FEATURES; HAND C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PINCUS, T (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,T-3219 MED CTR N,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0263-7103 J9 BRIT J RHEUMATOL JI Br. J. Rheumatol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 34 IS 3 BP 196 EP 199 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA QU441 UT WOS:A1995QU44100002 PM 7728391 ER PT J AU REEVES, MJ NEWCOMB, PA REMINGTON, PL MARCUS, PM AF REEVES, MJ NEWCOMB, PA REMINGTON, PL MARCUS, PM TI DETERMINANTS OF BREAST-CANCER DETECTION AMONG WISCONSIN (UNITED-STATES) WOMEN, 1988-90 SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BREAST CANCER; DETECTION; FEMALES; MAMMOGRAPHY; SCREENING; UNITED STATES ID SELF-EXAMINATION; STAGE AB Early detection is advocated widely as the best method to reduce the high rate of breast cancer mortality in women. The purpose of this study was to describe the detection histories of women with breast cancer and to identify factors related to the method of detection. During the period 1988-90, 3,197 women with invasive breast cancer, identified through the Wisconsin (United States) tumor registry, were interviewed The method of cancer detection (classified as self, screening mammography, or clinical breast examination [CBE]) was analyzed using polychotomous logistic regression. Fifty-five percent (1,754/3,197) of the women found their own cancers, while 35 percent (1,122/3,197) were detected by screening mammography. Compared with self-detection, the likelihood of non-localized disease was significantly lower for tumors detected by mammography (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.2-0.4) and CBE (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.4-0.7). The likelihood of cancer being detected by screening mammography increased with increasing age, education, number of prior mammograms, family history, and body mass index (weight/height(2)) (BMI). Women in the highest BMI quintile were 2.3 times (CI = 1.7-3.0) more likely than women in the lowest BMI quintile to have their cancers diagnosed by mammography. This association most likely results from breast tumors being more difficult to palpate in heavier women. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP REEVES, MJ (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,CHRON DIS & HLTH PROMOT SECT,1414 E WASHINGTON AVE,MADISON,WI 53703, USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 1995 VL 6 IS 2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1007/BF00052770 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QL730 UT WOS:A1995QL73000003 PM 7749049 ER PT J AU HOLDER, PK MASLANKA, SE PAIS, LB DYKES, J PLIKAYTIS, BD CARLONE, GM AF HOLDER, PK MASLANKA, SE PAIS, LB DYKES, J PLIKAYTIS, BD CARLONE, GM TI ASSIGNMENT OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-A AND SEROGROUP-C CLASS-SPECIFIC ANTICAPSULAR ANTIBODY CONCENTRATIONS TO THE NEW STANDARD REFERENCE SERUM CDC1992 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GROUP-A; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; HUMAN-IGG; MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CONJUGATE VACCINES; INFANTS; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A new standard meningococcal reference serum designated CDC1992 was prepared to replace meningococcal reference sera ECG and PB-2, which are not available in sufficient quantities for continued use as primary reference sera. CDC1992 was prepared from 14 healthy adult volunteers who underwent plasmapheresis 4 to 12 weeks postvaccination with a single dose of a Neisseria meningitidis quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine, Total and/or class-specific meningococcal serogroup A and C anticapsular antibody concentrations (in micrograms per milliliter) were assigned to CDC1992 by using homologous and heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formats. The reference serum ECG was used as a reference standard to assign total anticapsular antibody concentrations to CDC1992 by a homologous ELISA format. A heterologous ELISA format, with the Haemophilus influenzae type b standard reference serum FDA 1983, was used to assign total and class-specific antibody concentrations to CDC1992. Alkaline phosphatase-labeled mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody conjugates were used as secondary antibodies in both ELISA formats. The total, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibody concentrations, assigned to CDC1992 for serogroup A were 135.8, 91.8, 20.1, and 23.9 mu g/ml, respectively, and those for serogroup C were 32.0, 24.1, 5.9, and 2.0 mu g/ml, respectively. Meningococcal serogroup A and C antibody concentrations were in good agreement when homologous and heterologous ELISA format results were compared. Total and class-specific serogroup A and C antibody concentrations were determined in six adult quality control serum samples from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by using the homologous ELISA and our assigned antibody concentrations for CDC1992. Antibody concentrations in reference sera ECG and PB-2 were measured in order to provide a historical link to previous studies. The general acceptance of CDC1992 as the standard reference serum and the assigned antibody concentrations will allow investigators to compare antibody levels in serum to those in a single reference preparation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLDER, PK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QK802 UT WOS:A1995QK80200002 PM 7697519 ER PT J AU HASAN, A CHILDERSTONE, A PERVIN, K SHINNICK, T MIZUSHIMA, Y VANDERZEE, R VAUGHAN, R LEHNER, T AF HASAN, A CHILDERSTONE, A PERVIN, K SHINNICK, T MIZUSHIMA, Y VANDERZEE, R VAUGHAN, R LEHNER, T TI RECOGNITION OF A UNIQUE PEPTIDE EPITOPE OF THE MYCOBACTERIAL AND HUMAN HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN-65-60 ANTIGEN BY T-CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT ORAL ULCERS SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PEPTIDES; ORAL ULCERS; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN ID BEHCETS-DISEASE; ANTIBODIES; BACTERIAL AB T cell epitopes of the 65-kD heat shock protein (hsp) were investigated in patients with recurrent oral ulcers (ROU). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with overlapping synthetic peptide (15(ers)), derived from the sequence of the 65-kD hsp of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specific lymphoproliferative responses were stimulated only with peptide 91-105 in ROU, compared with healthy or disease controls (P < 0.01). This was confirmed by studying 760 short term cell lines generated with the 65-kD hsp and then stimulated with the peptides, The frequency of short term cells lines responding to peptide 91-105 in ROU was significantly greater than in healthy (P < 0.0001) of disease controls (P < 0.01). A comparative investigation with the homologous human 60-kD hsp peptide 116-130 also showed significantly greater lymphoproliferative responses in ROU than in healthy (P < 0.01) or disease controls (P < 0.001). The potential involvement of the T cell epitope 91-105 in the pathogenesis of ROU is supported by finding a significant increase in the lymphoproliferative responses stimulated with peptide 98-105 during the stage of ulceration, compared with remission in 9/11 patients studied sequentially (P < 0.05). The results suggest that oral ulceration might be initiated by the microbial hsp peptide 91-105 stimulating the mucosal Langerhans cells, which may generate autoreactive T cell clones primed to the homologous peptide 116-130. C1 UNITED MED & DENT SCH,GUYS HOSP,DEPT IMMUNOL,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. ST MARIANNA UNIV,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. RI van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015 OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755 NR 19 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 99 IS 3 BP 392 EP 397 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA QL353 UT WOS:A1995QL35300013 PM 7533679 ER PT J AU DAVIS, SF SUTTER, RW STREBEL, PM ORTON, C ALEXANDER, V SANDEN, GN CASSELL, GH THACKER, WL COCHI, SL AF DAVIS, SF SUTTER, RW STREBEL, PM ORTON, C ALEXANDER, V SANDEN, GN CASSELL, GH THACKER, WL COCHI, SL TI CONCURRENT OUTBREAKS OF PERTUSSIS AND MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTION - CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLNESSES MANIFESTED BY COUGH SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WHOOPING-COUGH; CASE DEFINITIONS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; SEVERITY; DISEASE AB Concurrent outbreaks of illnesses that were manifested by cough and that were suspected to be due to Bordetella pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were investigated in a midwestern town in Illinois. Three studies were conducted: questionnaires on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of illness were administered to patients; serological tests were performed to confirm the presence of each pathogen and to develop case definitions for each illness; and case definitions were applied to responses to a mail-in questionnaire for estimating the magnitude of both outbreaks. In 135 cases of suspected pertussis and 42 cases of suspected mycoplasmal infection, subjects had a cough for greater than or equal to 14 days (the pertussis outbreak case definition). Among 20 laboratory-confirmed cases, a cough for greater than or equal to 14 days had a specificity of 20% for pertussis, and a cough for greater than or equal to 28 days plus whoop and/or vomiting had a specificity of 90% for pertussis. Six hundred-seventeen pertussis cases per 100,000 population and 1,179 cases of M. pneumoniae infection per 100,000 population occurred. In this setting, the standard outbreak case definition for pertussis lacked adequate specificity to distinguish pertussis from mycoplasmal infection. The magnitude of each outbreak was greater than the number of reported cases suggested. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ADAMS CTY HLTH DEPT,QUINCY,IL. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RP DAVIS, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV HIV AIDS,INFORMAT SERV,E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 621 EP 628 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QL159 UT WOS:A1995QL15900024 PM 7756486 ER PT J AU ISTAS, AS DEMMLER, GJ DOBBINS, JG STEWART, JA ADLER, S BALE, JF MURPH, J BRADY, MT CHERNESKY, MA CHONMAITREE, T COEN, RW COURTNEY, J DANKNER, WM FORDJONES, EL GARCIA, J ATKINS, JT GEHRZ, R GIVNER, L GRUBER, WC KENNY, JF KEYSERLING, HL KINNEY, JS KOVACS, A KUMAR, ML LEACH, CT MARSHALL, GS RABALAIS, G MONTGOMERY, JR MURPHY, D PATAMASUCON, P NEWPORT, MT PASS, R BOPPANA, SB SHELTON, M SOKOL, D STAMOS, JK ROWLEY, AH STARR, S WEINER, LB GROSS, J HUTTO, C RUPAR, DG AF ISTAS, AS DEMMLER, GJ DOBBINS, JG STEWART, JA ADLER, S BALE, JF MURPH, J BRADY, MT CHERNESKY, MA CHONMAITREE, T COEN, RW COURTNEY, J DANKNER, WM FORDJONES, EL GARCIA, J ATKINS, JT GEHRZ, R GIVNER, L GRUBER, WC KENNY, JF KEYSERLING, HL KINNEY, JS KOVACS, A KUMAR, ML LEACH, CT MARSHALL, GS RABALAIS, G MONTGOMERY, JR MURPHY, D PATAMASUCON, P NEWPORT, MT PASS, R BOPPANA, SB SHELTON, M SOKOL, D STAMOS, JK ROWLEY, AH STARR, S WEINER, LB GROSS, J HUTTO, C RUPAR, DG TI SURVEILLANCE FOR CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DISEASE - A REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL-CONGENITAL-CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-DISEASE-REGISTRY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS INFECTION; DAY-CARE; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; CENTERS; MOTHERS AB A national surveillance program for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease was initiated in 1990. In 4 years 285 cases were reported without seasonal patterns. Mean birth statistics were as follows: gestational age, 36 weeks; weight, 2,224 g; length, 45 cm; and head circumference, 30 cm. Of the infants 68% had CNS involvement, which was significantly (P<.005) associated with a direct bilirubin level of greater than or equal to 3 mg/dL, petechiae, an alanine aminotransferase level of >100 U/L, a platelet count of less than or equal to 75,000/mm(3), hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly (P<.05). Maternal demographics revealed that the mean age was 23 years (range, 13-38 years), 59% were white, 33% were black, 47% had low incomes (receiving Medicaid), and 45% were primiparous. Compared with 1990 birth statistics in the United States, mothers of infants with congenital CMV disease were younger, and a greater percentage of these mothers were black. Two distinct maternal groups were identified on the basis of age, socioeconomic status, and parity. This finding may reflect different modes of transmission and suggest target populations for future CMV vaccine initiatives. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEM & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 17 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QL159 UT WOS:A1995QL15900031 PM 7756493 ER PT J AU STIENECKER, RS STEINBERG, JP SCHWARTZ, B METCHOCK, B KOZARSKY, PE AF STIENECKER, RS STEINBERG, JP SCHWARTZ, B METCHOCK, B KOZARSKY, PE TI EVALUATION OF TRAVELERS RETURNING FROM THE 1992 OLYMPICS IN BARCELONA, SPAIN - DID THEY ACQUIRE RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI AND MENINGOCOCCI SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 20 IS 3 BP 731 EP 732 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QL159 UT WOS:A1995QL15900057 PM 7756515 ER PT J AU MALONEY, SA JARVIS, WR AF MALONEY, SA JARVIS, WR TI EPIDEMIC NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA IN THE INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT SO CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; CONTINUOUS MECHANICAL VENTILATION; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE AB The changing and expanding spectrum of pathogens associated with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) will require modification in our approach to both endemic and epidemic NP in the ICU. Knowledge of specific pathogens, modes of transmission, and sources or reservoirs of epidemic NP is crucial to the recognition, control, and prevention of these infections in ICU patients. This article reviews the epidemiology of nosocomial NP outbreaks and outlines guidelines for investigating suspected epidemics of NP within the ICU. Preventive strategies including appropriate surveillance for recognizing epidemic clusters, adherence to barrier isolation precautions, proper disinfection and sterilization of respiratory care equipment, and judicious use of antimicrobial agents are also discussed. RP MALONEY, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 94 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-5231 J9 CLIN CHEST MED JI Clin. Chest Med. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 209 EP 223 PG 15 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA QQ746 UT WOS:A1995QQ74600015 PM 7768092 ER PT J AU HERMAN, WH SMITH, PJ THOMPSON, TJ ENGELGAU, MM AUBERT, RE AF HERMAN, WH SMITH, PJ THOMPSON, TJ ENGELGAU, MM AUBERT, RE TI A NEW AND SIMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTITY PEOPLE AT INCREASED RISK FOR UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES POPULATION; PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; MELLITUS; PREVALENCE AB OBJECTIVE - To develop a simple questionnaire to prospectively identify individuals at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - People with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 164) identified in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and those with neither newly diagnosed diabetes nor a history of physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 3,220) were studied. Major historical risk factors for undiagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes were defined, and classification trees were developed to identify people at higher risk for previously undiagnosed diabetes. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the classification trees were described and compared with those of an existing questionnaire. RESULTS - The selected classification tree incorporated age, sex, history of delivery of a macrosomic infant, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of diabetes. In a representative sample of the U.S. population, the sensitivity of the tree was 79%, the specificity was 65%, and the predictive value positive was 10%. CONCLUSIONS - This classification tree performed significantly better than an existing questionnaire and should serve as a simple, noninvasive, and potentially cost-effective tool for diagnosing diabetes in the U.S. RP HERMAN, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 132 Z9 138 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 1995 VL 18 IS 3 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.3.382 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA QM296 UT WOS:A1995QM29600014 PM 7555482 ER PT J AU SEWELL, DL BARRY, AL ALLEN, SD FUCHS, PC JORGENSEN, JH TENOVER, F AF SEWELL, DL BARRY, AL ALLEN, SD FUCHS, PC JORGENSEN, JH TENOVER, F TI TENTATIVE CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE, INCLUDING QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS, TO 2 FLUOROQUINOLONES (GREPAFLOXACIN AND PD-131628) SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Note ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; INVITRO; OPC-17116 AB Grepafloxacin (OPC 17116) and PD 131628 were evaluated against 150 Haemophilus influenzae isolates to propose susceptibility testing criteria for both broth dilution and disk diffusion procedures using haemophilus test medium. Grepafloxacin-susceptible isolates are defined as those for which minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are less than or equal to 0.06 mu g/ml and zones of inhibition are greater than or equal to 27 mm. PD 131628-susceptible strains of H. influenzae included those that exhibited MICs less than or equal to 0.03 mu g/ml, and the zones were greater than or equal to 32 mm. All MICs were well below concentrations that can be achieved in the blood and tissues of patients treated with either study drug. Criteria for defining a resistant category cannot be determined until strains with elevated MICs are available for study. The proposed quality control guidelines for H. influenzae ATCC 49247 and the disk test are 32-39 mm in diameter for grepafloxacin and 34-42 mm for PD 131628. The preliminary broth microdilution MIC control limits for this strain are 0.002-0.016 mu g/ml for grepafloxacin and 0.002-0.008 mu g/ml for PD 131628. C1 INST CLIN MICROBIOL,TUALATIN,OR. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(95)00021-2 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RD468 UT WOS:A1995RD46800007 PM 7648838 ER PT J AU LOWRY, R SLEET, D DUNCAN, C POWELL, K KOLBE, L AF LOWRY, R SLEET, D DUNCAN, C POWELL, K KOLBE, L TI ADOLESCENTS AT RISK FOR VIOLENCE SO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENCE; VIOLENCE; HOMICIDE; ASSAULT; SEXUAL ASSAULT ID SEXUAL AGGRESSION; FAMILY VIOLENCE; TELEVISION; HOMICIDE; CHILDREN; VICTIMIZATION; PERSONALITY; STUDENTS; HABITS; YOUTH AB Interpersonal violence among youth is a growing problem in many communities and schools across the nation. The causes of violence are multiple and complex This paper examines the extent and nature of interpersonal violence among youth, as well as the individual and societal factors which contribute to youth violence. Adolescents are disproportionately represented as both victims and perpetrators of fatal and nonfatal assaultive violence. Homicide rates among young men in the United States are vastly greater than those of other Western industrialized nations, Persons ages 12-24 years face the highest risk of nonfatal violent victimization of any segment of our society. Arrest rates for homicide, rape, robbery, and a aggravated assault peak among adolescents and young adults, Further, arrest rates for murder and other violent crimes have increased substantially among this age group since the mid-1980s. Effective prevention programs will require combinations of interventions aimed at multiple factors and delivered through many channels. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LOWRY, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 99 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1040-726X J9 EDUC PSYCHOL REV JI Educ. Psychol. Rev. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 1 BP 7 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF02214205 PG 33 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA QN063 UT WOS:A1995QN06300002 ER PT J AU HORNUNG, RW DEDDENS, J ROSCOE, R AF HORNUNG, RW DEDDENS, J ROSCOE, R TI MODIFIERS OF EXPOSURE-RESPONSE ESTIMATES FOR LUNG-CANCER AMONG MINERS EXPOSED TO RADON PROGENY SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 15-18, 1993 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL DE RADON; LUNG CANCER; MINERS; RISK; MODIFIERS ID STATES URANIUM MINERS; UNITED-STATES; TIN MINERS; MORTALITY; TRANSFORMATION; DAUGHTERS; NEUTRONS; COHORT AB The association between lung cancer and exposure to radon decay products has been well established. Despite agreement oil this point, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding characteristics of the exposure-response relationship. The use of studies of underground miners to estimate lung cancer risks due to residential radon exposure depends upon a better understanding of factors potentially modifying the exposure-response relationship. Given the diversity in study populations regarding smoking status, mining conditions, risk analysis methodology, and referent populations, the risk estimates across studies are quite similar. However, several factors partially contributing to differences in risk estimates are modified by attained age, time since last exposure, exposure rate, and cigarette smoking patterns. There is growing agreement across studies that relative risk decreases with attained age and time since last exposure. Several studies have also found an inverse exposure-rate effect, i.e., low exposure rates for protracted duration of exposure are more hazardous than equivalent cumulative exposures received at higher rates for shorter periods of time, Additionally, the interaction between radon exposure and cigarette smoking appears to be intermediate between additive and multiplicative in a growing number of studies. Quantitative estimates of these modifying factors are given using a new analysis of data from the latest update of the Colorado Plateau uranium miners cohort. RP HORNUNG, RW (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-44,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 103 SU 2 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.2307/3432449 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA QW127 UT WOS:A1995QW12700007 PM 7614947 ER PT J AU ROSEN, DH FLANDERS, WD FRIEDE, A HUMPHREY, HEB SINKS, TH AF ROSEN, DH FLANDERS, WD FRIEDE, A HUMPHREY, HEB SINKS, TH TI HALF-LIFE OF POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL IN HUMAN SERA SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; BREAST-MILK; MICHIGAN; COHORT; PBB; CONTAMINATION; VETERANS; TISSUE AB Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a flame-retardant material, was introduced into the toed chain in Michigan in 1973 due to a manufacturing and distribution mistake. Following public concern about the longterm health effects of PBB in humans, a cohort of PBB-exposed Michigan residents was assembled in 1975. We initiated this study to determine the half-life of PBB in human sera and to understand how continued body burden relates to the possible adverse health consequences of PBB exposure. To determine the half-life, eligible persons were selected from the cohort if they had at least two PBB measurements 1 year apart and had an initial level greater than or equal to 20 pbb. There were 163 persons who met the criteria with a median PBB level of 45.5 ppb. The estimated half-life is 10.8 years (95% CI, 96-14.7 years). The body burden of PBB in exposed persons will decrease only gradually over time. For persons with an initial level of 45.5 ppb of PBB, it will take more than 60 years for their PBB levels to fall below the current level of detection of 1 ppb. C1 EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV HLTH RISK ASSESSMENT,LANSING,MI 48909. RP ROSEN, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICE,MS F-51,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 103 IS 3 BP 272 EP 274 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RF756 UT WOS:A1995RF75600018 PM 7768229 ER PT J AU HAVERKOS, HW DROTMAN, DP AF HAVERKOS, HW DROTMAN, DP TI MEASURING INHALANT NITRITE EXPOSURE IN GAY MEN - IMPLICATIONS FOR ELUCIDATING THE ETIOLOGY OF AIDS-RELATED KAPOSIS-SARCOMA SO GENETICA LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY; COFACTORS; COHORT; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We reviewed 12 epidemiologic studies conducted among gay men with AIDS to examine the role of potential 'cofactors' in the development of KS. Aspects of the studies reviewed include basic study design, wording of the questionnaires, and published results comparing KS patients with those who developed opportunistic infections indicative of AIDS. The studies included questions about sociodemographics, medical history, use of drugs, travel, and sexual behaviors. Patients were invited to provide blood and/or other specimens for laboratory analysis. The results of the review of epidemiologic studies are inconclusive. Nitrite inhalant use was a variable often associated with KS (five studies). The differences in outcomes of these studies may reflect differences in study designs, sample sizes, timing, quality, and content of interviews regarding nitrites, sexual behaviours and other potential cofactors. Epidemiologic study with careful consideration to content of questionnaires and laboratory testing may yet reveal the causes or cofactors for this tumor. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HAVERKOS, HW (reprint author), NIDA,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROOM 10A-38,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD MAR PY 1995 VL 95 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF01435007 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA QV294 UT WOS:A1995QV29400011 PM 7744258 ER PT J AU BURT, VL WHELTON, P ROCCELLA, EJ BROWN, C CUTLER, JA HIGGINS, M HORAN, MJ LABARTHE, D AF BURT, VL WHELTON, P ROCCELLA, EJ BROWN, C CUTLER, JA HIGGINS, M HORAN, MJ LABARTHE, D TI PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN THE US ADULT-POPULATION - RESULTS FROM THE 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1988-1991 SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE HYPERTENSION, ESSENTIAL; BLOOD PRESSURE; PREVALENCE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; NHANES ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE AB The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the US adult population. The study used a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, including an in-home interview and a clinic examination, each of which included measurement of blood pressure. Data for 9901 participants 18 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected from 1988 through 1991, were used. Twenty-four percent of the US adult population representing 43 186 000 persons had hypertension. The age-adjusted prevalence in the non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican American populations was 32.4%, 23.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. Overall, two thirds of the population with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis (69%), and a majority were taking prescribed medication (53%). Only one third of Mexican Americans with hypertension were being treated (35%), and only 14% achieved control in contrast to 25% and 24% of the non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white populations with hypertension, respectively. Almost 13 million adults classified as being normotensive reported being told on one or more occasions that they had hypertension; 51% of this group reported current adherence to lifestyle changes to control their hypertension. Hypertension continues to be a common finding in the general population. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension have improved substantially since the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey but continue to be suboptimal, especially in Mexican Americans. Consideration should be given to revision of the criteria for classification of hypertension to reflect the widespread use of lifestyle modification for treatment of hypertension. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX. RP BURT, VL (reprint author), NHLBI,NATL HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE EDUC PROGRAM,BLDG 31,ROOM 4A-05,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 20 TC 1945 Z9 2001 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD MAR PY 1995 VL 25 IS 3 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QK786 UT WOS:A1995QK78600002 PM 7875754 ER PT J AU BOSSHARDT, SC COLEMAN, SU MCVAY, CS JONES, KL KLEI, TR AF BOSSHARDT, SC COLEMAN, SU MCVAY, CS JONES, KL KLEI, TR TI IMPACT OF MICROFILAREMIA ON MAINTENANCE OF A HYPORESPONSIVE CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN BRUGIA-INFECTED GERBILS (MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING PARASITE ANTIGEN; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; PAHANGI; MALAYI; JIRDS; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; ANERGY AB The purpose of these experiments was to define the significance of the microfilarial stage to the hyporesponsive condition seen in lymphatic filariasis. Two types of experiments were conducted with Brugia pahangi-infected gerbils. In one, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis and in vivo granuloma formation in response to parasite antigen were correlated to microfilaremia in chronically infected individuals. In a second set of experiments, the level of in vivo granuloma formation was assessed following chemotherapeutic removal of microfilariae with ivermectin. The results indicated that the microfilarial stage alone is not responsible for the maintenance of the low cellular responses seen during chronic infections in this model. Furthermore, the data suggest that the degree of downregulation of these responses may be related to parasite burden. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-19199] NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 3 BP 940 EP 945 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QJ524 UT WOS:A1995QJ52400029 PM 7868266 ER PT J AU GOLDE, WT KAPPEL, KJ DEQUESNE, G FERON, C PLAINCHAMP, D CAPIAU, C LOBET, Y AF GOLDE, WT KAPPEL, KJ DEQUESNE, G FERON, C PLAINCHAMP, D CAPIAU, C LOBET, Y TI TICK TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TO INBRED STRAINS OF MICE INDUCES AN ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO P39 BUT NOT TO OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A (VOL 62, PG 2625, 1995) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,B-1330 RIXENSART,BELGIUM. RP GOLDE, WT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 3 BP 1146 EP 1146 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QJ524 UT WOS:A1995QJ52400063 ER PT J AU FRIDKIN, SK MANANGAN, L BOLYARD, E JARVIS, WR AF FRIDKIN, SK MANANGAN, L BOLYARD, E JARVIS, WR TI SHEA-CDC TB SURVEY .1. STATUS OF TB INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAMS AT MEMBER HOSPITALS, 1989-1992 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers, tuberculosis (TB) control measures, and compliance with the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline for preventing transmission of TB in healthcare facilities. DESIGN: Voluntary questionnaire sent to all members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, representing 359 hospitals. RESULTS: Respondents' hospitals (210 [58%]) had a median of 2,400 healthcare workers (range, 396 to 13,745), 437 beds (range, 48 to 1,250), 5.6 patients with TB per year (range, 0 to 499), and 0 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB patients per year (range, 0 to 33). Of 166 respondents' hospitals for which data were provided for 1989 through 1992, the number caring for MDR-TB patients increased from 10 (6%) in 1989 to 49 (30%) in 1992. Reported policies for routine healthcare worker tuberculin skin testing varied. The median skin-test positivity rate for healthcare workers at the time of hire increased from 0.54% in 1989 to 0.81% in 1992, but the median conversion rate during routine testing remained similar: 0.35% in 1989 and 0.33% in 1992. Among 196 hospitals with reported data on respiratory protection use for 1989 through 1992, the use of either surgical submicron, dust-mist, or dust-fume-mist respirators for healthcare workers increased from 9 (5%) in 1989 to 85 (43%) in 1992. Of 181 hospitals with reported data, 113 (62%) had acid-fast bacilli isolation facilities consistent with the 1990 CDC guideline (ie, a single patient room, negative air pressure relative to the hallway, air exhausted directly outside, and greater than or equal to 6 air exchanges per hour). CONCLUSIONS: While the number of surveyed hospitals caring for TB and MDR-TB patients increased during 1989 through 1992, TB infection control measures at many hospitals still did not meet the 1990 CDC guideline recommendations C1 SOC HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOL AMER,W DEPTFORD,NJ. RP FRIDKIN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-69,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT797 UT WOS:A1995QT79700002 PM 7608498 ER PT J AU FRIDKIN, SK MANANGAN, L BOLYARD, E JARVIS, WR AF FRIDKIN, SK MANANGAN, L BOLYARD, E JARVIS, WR TI SHEA-CDC TB SURVEY .2. EFFICACY OF TB INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAMS AT MEMBER HOSPITALS, 1992 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of current Mycobacterium tuberculosis control measures. DESIGN: Voluntary questionnaire to members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. RESULTS: Healthcare worker (HCW) tuberculin skin-test (TST) conversion rates were significantly higher in larger hospitals (greater than or equal to 437 beds) (0.9% versus 0.6%; P<0.05), or in hospitals reporting greater than or equal to 6 TB patients in 1992 (1.2% versus 0.6%; P<0.05). Among larger hospitals or those hospitals surveyed reporting greater than or equal to 6 TB patients, those without at least three of the four criteria suggested in the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) TB guidelines for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) isolation (specifically a single-patient room; negative pressure; and air exhausted directly outside) had significantly higher annual TST conversion rates than those with these criteria (1.8% versus 0.6%; P<0.05). Respiratory therapist or bronchoscopist TST conversion rates were significantly lower in hospitals compliant with the exhaust criteria (1.2% versus 2.8%; P<0.05). Regardless of hospital characteristic, HCW TST conversion rates did not differ between hospitals in which HCWs used surgical masks or used disposable particulate respirators. CONCLUSION: Among larger hospitals or hospitals reporting greater than or equal to 6 TB patients per year, failure to comply with the 1990 CDC TB recommendations for AFB isolation room guidelines was associated with higher HCW TST conversion rates. These data suggest that complete implementation of the 1990 CDC TB guidelines would decrease HCWs' risk of nosocomial transmission of TB in larger hospitals or those reporting more TB patients. However, in nonoutbreak situations, disposable particulate respirators or submicron surgical masks may not offer significantly greater protection to HCWs than surgical masks C1 SOC HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOL AMER,W DEPTFORD,NJ. RP FRIDKIN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-69,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT797 UT WOS:A1995QT79700003 PM 7608499 ER PT J AU STROUD, LA TOKARS, JL GRIECO, MH CRAWFORD, JT CULVER, DH EDLIN, BR SORDILLO, EM WOODLEY, CL GILLIGAN, ME SCHNEIDER, N WILLIAMS, J JARVIS, WR AF STROUD, LA TOKARS, JL GRIECO, MH CRAWFORD, JT CULVER, DH EDLIN, BR SORDILLO, EM WOODLEY, CL GILLIGAN, ME SCHNEIDER, N WILLIAMS, J JARVIS, WR TI EVALUATION OF INFECTION-CONTROL MEASURES IN PREVENTING THE NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS IN A NEW-YORK-CITY HOSPITAL SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended infection control measures implemented in response to an outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort studies of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and healthcare workers. The study period (January 1989 through September 1992) was divided into period I, before changes in infection control; period II, after aggressive use of administrative controls (eg, rapid placement of TB patients or suspected TB patients in single-patient rooms); and period III, while engineering changes were made (eg, improving ventilation in TB isolation rooms). SETTING: A New York City hospital that was the site of one of the first reported outbreaks of MDR-TB among AIDS patients in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: All AIDS patients admitted during periods I and II. Healthcare workers on nine inpatient units with TB patients and six without TB patients. RESULTS: The epidemic (38 patients) waned during period II and only one MDR-TB patient presented during period III. The MDR-TB attack rate among AIDS patients hospitalized on the same ward on the same days as an infectious MDR-TB patient was 8.8% (19 of 216) during period I, decreasing to 2.6% (5 of 193; P=0.01) during period II. In a small group of healthcare workers with tuberculin skin test data, conversions during periods II through III were higher on wards with than without TB patients (5 of 29 versus 0 of 15; P=0.15), although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Transmission of MDR-TB among AIDS patients decreased markedly after enforcement of readily implementable administrative measures, ending the outbreak. However, tuberculin skin-test conversions among healthcare workers may not have been prevented by these measures. CDC guidelines for prevention of nosocomial transmission of TB should be implemented fully at all US hospitals C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10025. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 23 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 6 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT797 UT WOS:A1995QT79700004 PM 7608500 ER PT J AU IKEDA, RM BIRKHEAD, GS DIFERDINANDO, GT BORNSTEIN, DL DOOLEY, SW KUBICA, GP MORSE, DL AF IKEDA, RM BIRKHEAD, GS DIFERDINANDO, GT BORNSTEIN, DL DOOLEY, SW KUBICA, GP MORSE, DL TI NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS - AN OUTBREAK OF A STRAIN RESISTANT TO 7 DRUGS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: Outbreak investigation: review of infection control practices and skin test results of healthcare workers (HCWs); medical records of hospitalized TB patients and mycobacteriology reports; submission of specimens for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing; and an assessment of the air-handling system. SETTING: A teaching hospital in upstate New York. RESULTS: Skin-test conversions occurred among 46 (6.6%) of 696 HCWs tested from August through October 1991. Rates were highest on two units (29% and 20%); HCWs primarily assigned to these units had a higher risk for conversion compared with HCWs tested following previous incidents of exposure to TB (relative risk [RR]=53.4, 95% confidence interval [CI95]=6.9 to 411.1; and RR=37.4, CI95=5.0 to 277.3, respectively). The likely source patient was the only TB patient hospitalized on both units during the probable exposure period. This patient appeared clinically infectious, was associated with a higher risk of conversion among HCWs providing direct care (RR=2.37; CI95=1.05 to 5.34), and was a prison inmate with TB resistant to seven antituberculosis agents. The MDR-TB strain isolated from this patient also was isolated from other inmate and noninmate patients, and a prison correctional officer exposed in the hospital. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all of these patients had matching RFLP patterns. Infection control practices closely followed established guidelines; however, several rooms housing TB patients had marginal negative pressure with variable numbers of air changes per hour, and directional airflow was disrupted easily. CONCLUSIONS: These data strongly suggest nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB to HCWs, patients, and a prison correctional officer working in the hospital. Factors contributing to transmission apparently included prolonged infectiousness of the likely source patient and inadequate environmental controls. Continued urgent attention to TB infection control is needed C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY 12201. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. SUNY SYRACUSE,HLTH SCI CTR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 5 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 152 EP 159 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT797 UT WOS:A1995QT79700006 PM 7608502 ER PT J AU USSERY, XT BIERMAN, JA VALWAY, SE SEITZ, TA DIFERDINANDO, GT OSTROFF, SM AF USSERY, XT BIERMAN, JA VALWAY, SE SEITZ, TA DIFERDINANDO, GT OSTROFF, SM TI TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PERSONS EXPOSED IN A MEDICAL EXAMINERS OFFICE, NEW-YORK SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IMPACT AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for having a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result among employees at a medical examiner's office (MEO). DESIGN: Cohort study, environmental investigation. SETTING: Several employees at a medical examiner's office were found to have positive TST results after autopsies were performed on persons with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). PARTICIPANTS: Employees of the MEO. RESULTS: Of 18 MEO employees, 5 (28%) had a positive TST result; 2 of these 5 had TST conversions. We observed a trend between TST conversion and participation in autopsies on persons with MDR-TB (2 of 2 converters versus 3 of 13 employees with negative TST; relative risk=4.3; 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 11.69; P=0.10). The environmental investigation revealed that the autopsy room was at positive pressure relative to the rest of the MEO and that air from the autopsy room mixed throughout the facility. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic approach to preventing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in autopsy suites should include effective environmental controls and routine tuberculin skin testing of employees C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 160 EP 165 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA QT797 UT WOS:A1995QT79700007 PM 7608503 ER PT J AU CIESLAK, PR SWERDLOW, DL AF CIESLAK, PR SWERDLOW, DL TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 - WHAT THE CLINICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; 0157-H7 INFECTIONS; CANADIAN CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1097/00019048-199503000-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QQ993 UT WOS:A1995QQ99300012 ER PT J AU KINKEAD, ER WOLFE, RE FLEMMING, CD SOLOMON, RA MATTIE, DR GRABAU, JH MARIT, GB AF KINKEAD, ER WOLFE, RE FLEMMING, CD SOLOMON, RA MATTIE, DR GRABAU, JH MARIT, GB TI TOXICOLOGIC AND ONCOGENIC POTENTIAL OF JP-4 VAPOR - 90-DAY CONTINUOUS INHALATION EXPOSURE SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C57BL/6 MICE; RATS; ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN; TOXICITY; DECALIN AB Male and female Fischer 344 rats, female C57BL/6 mice, and male and female beagle dogs were divided into three treatment groups and exposed nearly continuously (23 h/day, 7 days/wk) to IP-4 jet fuel vapor at concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 mg/m(3) for 90 days. At exposure termination, all dogs and one-third of the rodents were euthanized and the remaining animals were held for either a 19- or 21-mo postexposure tumorigenesis observation period. Pathologic findings in male rats revealed treatment-related renal toxicity consistent with male rat alpha(2 mu)-globulin nephropathy. No treatment-related respiratory toxicity was noted in any species. This study did not demonstrate target-organ toxicity or carcinogenesis that could be extrapolated to other species. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,DIV TOXICOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH. RP KINKEAD, ER (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 31009,DAYTON,OH 45437, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 7 IS 2 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.3109/08958379509029096 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA QR948 UT WOS:A1995QR94800006 ER PT J AU MANNINO, DM SCHREIBER, J ALDOUS, K ASHLEY, D MOOLENAAR, R ALMAGUER, D AF MANNINO, DM SCHREIBER, J ALDOUS, K ASHLEY, D MOOLENAAR, R ALMAGUER, D TI HUMAN EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS - A COMPARISON OF ORGANIC VAPOR MONITORING BADGE LEVELS WITH BLOOD-LEVELS SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE VAPOR BADGE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BENZENE ID BUTYL ETHER; WORKERS; TOLUENE; AIR; URINALYSIS; SOLVENTS; BENZENE; STYRENE AB We undertook a study in Albany, New York, to investigate whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measurable in the blood and in the breathing-zone air of people exposed to gasoline fumes and automotive exhaust. We sampled blood of 40 subjects, placed organic vapor badges on 40 subjects, and obtained personal breathing-zone samples from 24 subjects. We limited this analysis to 19 subjects who wore the organic vapor badges for at least 5 h. VOC levels, as determined by the organic vapor badges, were highly correlated with blood levels of these same compounds. Using detection in blood as the gold standard, we found the badges to be more sensitive than conventional charcoal tube samples in detecting low levels of methyl tert-butyl ether (0.60 vs 0.08), toluene (0.95 vs 0.64), and o-xylene (0.85 vs 0.64). In this study, organic vapor badges provided data on VOC exposure that correlated with blood assay results. These organic vapor badges might provide a convenient means of determining human exposure to VOCs in epidemiologic studies. health officials in investigating whether exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in fuels was measurable in people occupationally exposed and people not occupationally exposed (Mannino et al. 1993) to low concentrations of this chemical. Albany was selected as the site for this investigation because MTBE is used in only small (generally less that 5% by weight) concentrations in this area. As part of this study, participants' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was determined via organic vapor badges and personal breathing zone charcoal tube samples on the same day that their blood was collected for VOC level measurement. We wanted to determine how well the VOC levels from the organic vapor badges and charcoal tube samples correlated with VOC levels measured in the blood. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. RP MANNINO, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MAIL STOP F-39,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 67 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1007/BF00383134 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR446 UT WOS:A1995QR44600010 PM 7622282 ER PT J AU YOUNG, S MCADAM, K SMITH, P FINE, P REES, RJW BANERJEE, D MCDERMOTTLANCASTER, D YOUNG, D CONVIT, J BRENNAN, P SHINNICK, T WALKER, L VANLANDINGHAM, R BLOOM, B ANDERSEN, A HASLOV, K AF YOUNG, S MCADAM, K SMITH, P FINE, P REES, RJW BANERJEE, D MCDERMOTTLANCASTER, D YOUNG, D CONVIT, J BRENNAN, P SHINNICK, T WALKER, L VANLANDINGHAM, R BLOOM, B ANDERSEN, A HASLOV, K TI ANALYSIS OF VACCINES PREPARED FROM ARMADILLO-DERIVED MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE - RESULTS OF AN INTER-LABORATORY STUDY COORDINATED BY THE WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY LA English DT Article AB Preparations of armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae used in vaccine trials were analyzed using a combination of morphological, chemical and immunological criteria. When compared to more recent preparations, vaccine lots prepared in 1984 and 1985 were found to contain fewer intact bacilli and lower amounts of M. leprae antigens. These differences may be characteristic of the original preparations, or alternatively, may have arisen during prolonged storage. The early vaccine lots were those used in the recently published Venezuela trial. C1 LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. ST GEORGES HOSP MED SCH,LONDON,ENGLAND. MRC,TB & RELATED INFECT UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND. INST BIOMED,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEPROSY MISSION PI BATON ROUGE PA GWL HANSENS DISEASE CENTER, LSU VET SCHOOL, RM 11022, SOUTH STADIUM DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803-9999 SN 0148-916X J9 INT J LEPROSY JI Int. J. Lepr. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine SC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine GA QU983 UT WOS:A1995QU98300008 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, CM WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T AF RUSSELL, CM WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T TI CAN THE YEAR 2000 OBJECTIVE FOR REDUCING OVERWEIGHT IN THE UNITED-STATES BE REACHED - A SIMULATION STUDY OF THE REQUIRED CHANGES IN BODY-WEIGHT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE INTERVENTION; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; SIMULATION; YEAR 2000 OBJECTIVES ID MASS INDEX; ADULT-POPULATION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; OBESITY; GAIN AB AIM: The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the magnitude of weight change required in the six-year period between 1994 and the Year 2000 if Americans are to reach the Healthy People 2000 goal for reduction of overweight among those ages 20-74 to no more than 20% among all adults and no more than 30% among black women, Prevention of weight gain among the non-overweight is compared with that of weight loss among the overweight as strategies for reaching this goal. DESIGN: Data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) and the Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) were used to estimate 6-year weight,change of persons aged 20 to 72 at the Year 2000, Men, white women, and black women were examined in addition to the overall population. Given a baseline prevalence of 24.7%, overweight in the year 2000 was projected for three simulated interventions: no weight gain among non-overweight persons (prevention-only), weight loss among overweight persons (weight-loss-only), and prevention-plus-weight-loss. In addition, the Year 2000 overweight prevalence was projected under different baseline prevalence scenarios of 26% and 34%. OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight; overweight determined by body mass index (greater than or equal to 27.3 kg/m(2) for women and greater than or equal to 27.8 kg/m(2) for men). RESULTS: Prevention-only was successful in reducing the overall prevalence of overweight from 24.7% to 20%, Weight-loss-only required a 5.3 kg weight loss to achieve the overall goal of 20% and 8.4 kg weight loss to achieve the goal within all three race-sex strata, Prevention-plus-weight-loss required only 3.8 kg of weight loss to achieve the goals within the three race-sex strata. Prevention-only was not successful in reducing the overall prevalence of overweight to 20% when the 26% and 34% baseline scenarios were used, Weight-loss-only required 6.3 and 11.2 kg; prevention-plus-weight-loss required 1.2 and 6.6 kg of weight loss using the 26% and 34% baselines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of weight gain among those who are not already overweight could achieve substantial changes in the prevalence of overweight, even in a 6-year time period, However, given the increasing trend in overweight, the Year 2000 goal for the reduction in prevalence of overweight will not be reached. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP RUSSELL, CM (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,OFF BIOSTAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QL939 UT WOS:A1995QL93900001 PM 7780489 ER PT J AU SOCIE, E MIGLIOZZI, A WAGNER, S HALPIN, TJ AF SOCIE, E MIGLIOZZI, A WAGNER, S HALPIN, TJ TI OCCUPATIONAL SILICOSIS - OHIO, 1989-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 61-64, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP SOCIE, E (reprint author), OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 9 BP 694 EP 695 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QH814 UT WOS:A1995QH81400010 ER PT J AU WILCOX, A SKJAERVEN, R BUEKENS, P KIELY, J AF WILCOX, A SKJAERVEN, R BUEKENS, P KIELY, J TI BIRTH-WEIGHT AND PERINATAL-MORTALITY - A COMPARISON OF THE UNITED-STATES AND NORWAY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VITAL-STATISTICS AB Objective.-To compare perinatal mortality in the United States and Norway, using a new analytic approach based on relative birth weight. Design.-Comparison of linked birth and perinatal death records for US and Norwegian births from 1986 through 1987, the most recently available 2-year period. Setting.-Norway and the United States. Participants.-A total of 7 445 914 US births and 105 084 Norwegian births. Interventions.-None. Main Outcome Measure.-Perinatal weight-specific mortality after adjustment for each country's own mean birth weight. Results.-The higher rate of perinatal death in the United States compared with Norway is due to an excess of preterm deliveries in the United States. Low-weight, preterm births comprise 2.9% of US births compared with 2.1% of Norwegian births. If the United States could eliminate this slight excess of preterm delivery, perinatal mortality in the United States would decrease to the level in Norway. Unexpectedly, the survival of newborns at any given birth weight is virtually the same in the United States and Norway when newborns' birth weights are considered relative to their own nation's mean weight. Conclusions.-Low rates of perinatal mortality in the Scandinavian countries have usually been attributed to the heavier weights of their newborns. Higher mortality among US infants is in fact due entirety to a small excess of preterm deliveries. The lighter weights of US newborns at term appear not to affect perinatal survival. Furthermore, the apparent survival advantage of low-weight US newborns (used by policymakers as evidence of superior US intensive neonatal care) may be at [east partly an artifact. When weight-specific mortality rates are adjusted to relative birth weight, low-weight newborns have the same survival in Norway as in the United States. The prevention of excess mortality among US infants depends on the prevention of preterm births, not on changes in mean birth weight. C1 UNIV BERGEN,MED INFORMAT & STAT SECT,BERGEN,NORWAY. FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,SCH PUBL HLTH,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP WILCOX, A (reprint author), NIEHS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311 NR 19 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 9 BP 709 EP 711 DI 10.1001/jama.273.9.709 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QH814 UT WOS:A1995QH81400029 PM 7853628 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM AF ADAMS, MM TI THE CONTINUING CHALLENGE OF PRETERM DELIVERY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERINATAL-MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MSK-23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 9 BP 739 EP 740 DI 10.1001/jama.273.9.739 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA QH814 UT WOS:A1995QH81400036 PM 7853635 ER PT J AU SOSIN, DM KOEPSELL, TD RIVARA, FP MERCY, JA AF SOSIN, DM KOEPSELL, TD RIVARA, FP MERCY, JA TI FIGHTING AS A MARKER FOR MULTIPLE PROBLEM BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENCE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; RISK-TAKING; AGGRESSION ID DRUG-USE; RISK; VALIDITY; ALCOHOL AB Purpose: Behaviors that put adolescents at risk frequently occur together. To help identify high-risk adolescents, we analyzed a national, self-reported behavior survey of high school students to assess the suitability of fighting as a marker for students with multiple problem behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional cluster survey of 11,631 U.S. high school students in 1990 was used to compare the prevalence of recent problem behaviors among all students and those who fight. Results: One (8%) of every 12 students was in a fight during the 30 days before the survey. Reported problem behaviors were prevalent among fighters: during the previous 12 months, 24% attempted suicide; during the previous 30 days, 26% carried a firearm, 13% used cocaine, and 39% drove a motor vehicle while intoxicated; during the previous 3 months 41% had two or more sex partners; and 45% had sexual intercourse and did not use a condom the last time they had sex. Of all students, fighters accounted for 22% of those who reported attempting suicide, 49% carrying a firearm, 46% using cocaine, 18% driving while intoxicated, 25% having sex with multiple partners, and 11% not using condoms. Three or more of these six problem behaviors were reported by 26% of the fighters. The problem behaviors were all positively correlated, and the first principal component accounted for 35% of the total variation among the individual variables. Conclusions: Serious fighting heralds multiple problem behaviors in need of intensive, multifaceted interventions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 40 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 1995 VL 16 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(94)00093-T PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA QP516 UT WOS:A1995QP51600007 PM 7779831 ER PT J AU DIWAN, S MORIARTY, D AF DIWAN, S MORIARTY, D TI A CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING UNMET HEALTH-CARE NEEDS OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Assessing the unmet health care needs that affect the quality of life of older persons is an important task facing both aging services agencies and health departments. This article reviews various strategies for assessing unmet health care needs and a presents comprehensive framework for assessing such needs. Needs for health services are categorized by their function, such as basic maintenance, supportive, rehabilitative, treatment, promotive, and preventive needs. Factors contributing to unmet needs are categorized by the types of barriers to using existing services. These barriers include recognition or awareness of need, knowledge about services, and availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of services. Means of data collection for different types of unmet health care needs are presented. Recommendations for using the proposed framework are made to both health departments and aging services agencies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP DIWAN, S (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBL INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0733-4648 J9 J APPL GERONTOL JI J. Appl. Gerontol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 47 EP 63 DI 10.1177/073346489501400104 PG 17 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA QJ348 UT WOS:A1995QJ34800004 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF MUSSOLINO, ME MAKUC, DM AF GILLUM, RF MUSSOLINO, ME MAKUC, DM TI ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION-RATE AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE - THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLOOD SEDIMENTATION; MALE; CORONARY DISEASE; FEMALE; FIBRINOGEN; RISK FACTORS ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; FIBRINOGEN; INFORMATION; SMOKING; DEATH AB Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a simple and relatively inexpensive laboratory test. Data were examined to determine whether elevated ESR was a predictor of CHD incidence and death in a large U.S. national sample of persons aged 45-74 at baseline. In the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort, white men aged 45-64 years with ESR in the upper quintile at baseline had increased incidence of CHD (RR = 1.73, 95% CL 1.12, 2.68) over a 15 year follow-up after controlling multiple risk factors compared to white men with ESR in the lowest quintile. Furthermore, men aged 45-64 with ESR in the upper quintile had more than twice the risk of CHD death (RR = 2.73, 95% CL 1.21, 6.15) of men with ESR in the lowest quintile after adjusting other risk factors. No significant associations were seen in white women. The mechanism of this association is unclear. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding and elucidate the mechanism for this association in longitudinal studies in which plasma fibrinogen, HDL cholesterol, as well as ESR are measured. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00156-K PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM991 UT WOS:A1995QM99100005 PM 7897457 ER PT J AU BROWN, SL SALIVE, ME GURALNIK, JM PAHOR, M CHAPMAN, DP BLAZER, D AF BROWN, SL SALIVE, ME GURALNIK, JM PAHOR, M CHAPMAN, DP BLAZER, D TI ANTIDEPRESSANT USE IN THE ELDERLY - ASSOCIATION WITH DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, HEALTH-RELATED FACTORS, AND HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIDEPRESSANT; MEDICATION; DEPRESSION; AGING; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS; SITES; BLACK AB The characteristics of antidepressant use and its correlates were assessed in the four Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) communities (n = 13,074). Women were significantly more likely to be treated with an antidepressant drug than men, and African-Americans were significantly less likely than whites to be using antidepressant medication. Of the health-related measures, poor self-perceived health, polypharmacy, disabilities in activities of daily living, and a history of stroke were associated with the use of antidepressants. Each utilization of health care variable, (number of doctors visits, overnight hospitalization in the past year, and use of a regular doctor), was associated with antidepressant use in at least two of the four communities. After entering variables in a multivariate regression model, higher antidepressant use was significantly associated with female gender, race, poor self-perceived health, and a greater number of contacts with doctors in the past year. C1 UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE,CATTEDRA GERONTOL,ROME,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP BROWN, SL (reprint author), NIA,EPIDEMIOL DEMOG & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,7201 WISCONSIN AVE,SUITE 3C309,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 48 IS 3 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00188-V PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM991 UT WOS:A1995QM99100013 PM 7897465 ER PT J AU BANNERMAN, TL HANCOCK, GA TENOVER, FC MILLER, JM AF BANNERMAN, TL HANCOCK, GA TENOVER, FC MILLER, JM TI PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR BACTERIOPHAGE-TYPING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOMIC DNA; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK AB Bacteriophage typing (BT) (World Health Organization method) has been used at the Centers far Disease Control and Prevention for over 30 years to type isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Since studies have shown that BT patterns have poor reproducibility and because BT fails to type a high percentage (15 to 20%) of isolates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has converted from using BT to using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for strain typing S. aureus, We compared the results of BT with results of PFGE for typing 300 isolates of S. aureus, including strains from several well-characterized outbreaks. Ninety-six isolates were BT group I, 19 were group II, 82 were group III, 7 were group V, and 96 were nontypeable. PFGE identified subgroups within each phage group and thus was more discriminating than BT, which identified no subgroups. PFGE was able to type all isolates and distinguish related from unrelated strains of S. aureus. Our modified, standardized PFGE methodology should enable typing laboratories to obtain rapid, reliable results in 3 to 4 days when starting with an isolated colony on agar media. RP BANNERMAN, TL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP C16,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011 NR 16 TC 404 Z9 424 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QG830 UT WOS:A1995QG83000008 PM 7751356 ER PT J AU DE, L NOTTAY, B YANG, CF HOLLOWAY, BP PALLANSCH, M KEW, O AF DE, L NOTTAY, B YANG, CF HOLLOWAY, BP PALLANSCH, M KEW, O TI IDENTIFICATION OF VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES BY HYBRIDIZATION WITH SPECIFIC RNA PROBES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUSES; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; DNA; GENOMES; STRAINS; ENTEROVIRUSES; POLIOMYELITIS AB We developed RNA probes for the identification of poliovirus isolates by blot hybridization. Two sets of vaccine strain-specific probes were prepared. They complemented variable genomic domains within (i) the 5'-untranslated region and (ii) the amino-terminal codons of VP1. An enterovirus group probe (EV/5UT) matching highly conserved 5'-untranslated region sequences was used to estimate the quantities of poliovirus (or enterovirus) RNA in the samples. Poliovirus sequences amplified from Sabin strain virion RNA templates by PCR were inserted into the pUC18 plasmid vector. The antisense PCR primer for each probe set contained sequences encoding a T7 promoter. Hybrids were detected by a sensitive nonisotopic method. RNA probes were labeled by incorporation of digoxigenin-uridylate into the transcripts. The binding of probe to immobilized poliovirus RNAs was visualized by hydrolysis of the chemiluminescent substrate 4-methoxy-4-(3-phosphate-phenyl) -spiro-(1,2-dioxetane-3,2 '-adamantane) catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase conjugated to anti-digoxigenin (Fab) fragments. The specificities of the probes were evaluated with a panel of poliovirus isolates that had previously been characterized by sequence analysis. The RNAs of vaccine-related isolates hybridized with the appropriate probe sets. Wild polioviruses representing a broad spectrum of contemporary genotypes were recognized by the inabilities of their genomes to form stable hybrids with the Sabin strain-specific probes. RP DE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 62 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 562 EP 571 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QG830 UT WOS:A1995QG83000010 PM 7751358 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, L SEKHON, AS MOLEDINA, N JALBERT, M PAPPAGIANIS, D AF KAUFMAN, L SEKHON, AS MOLEDINA, N JALBERT, M PAPPAGIANIS, D TI COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PREMIER EIA AND MICROIMMUNODIFFUSION AND COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TESTS FOR COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A total of 409 serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from human subjects with proven coccidioidomycosis, with other infections, or with no apparent illness were tested for antibodies to Coccidioides immitis by the Premier EIA (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio), which tests for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM responses to coccidioidal antigens, and by the conventional complement fixation (CF) or immunodiffusion (LD) assays for antibodies corresponding to those detected by the tube precipitin (TP) or CF tests. Of the 409 specimens, 47 were from persons with confirmed coccidioidomycosis and all were positive for C. immitis antibodies in IDCF tests and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for both IgG and IgM. The EIA for detecting both IgG and IgM antibodies proved to be sensitive for detecting coccidioidomycosis case sera positive by the IDCF, IDTP, and CF tests, Maximal sensitivity for diagnosing coccidioidomycosis is dependent upon detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies in the EIA. The EIA, however, was not absolutely specific, since some sera from patients with confirmed blastomycosis and some from patients with noncoccidioidal disease produced false-positive reactions. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,PROV LAB PUBL HLTH,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2J2,CANADA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP KAUFMAN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MS-G11,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 618 EP 619 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QG830 UT WOS:A1995QG83000019 PM 7751365 ER PT J AU HALONEN, P ROCHA, E HIERHOLZER, J HOLLOWAY, B HYYPIA, T HURSKAINEN, P PALLANSCH, M AF HALONEN, P ROCHA, E HIERHOLZER, J HOLLOWAY, B HYYPIA, T HURSKAINEN, P PALLANSCH, M TI DETECTION OF ENTEROVIRUSES AND RHINOVIRUSES IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS BY PCR AND LIQUID-PHASE HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROMETRY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AMPLIFICATION; RNA; PICORNAVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS AB A sensitive method based on PCR followed by liquid-phase hybridization for detection of enterovirus and rhinovirus RNAs in clinical specimens and cell culture supernatants is described. RNA was extracted from stool samples, throat swabs, nasopharyngeal aspirates, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and plasma with a commercial phenol-guanidinium-chloroform reagent and purified on a polysulfone membrane, on which the reverse transcriptase reaction was also done. Two sets of oligonucleotide primers from the 5' noncoding region of picornaviruses were selected for DNA amplification of 153-bp (enterovirus) and 120-bp (rhinovirus) regions. Double-stranded amplicons were digested into single strands with T7 gene 6 exonuclease and quantitated by an assay using a europium-labeled probe, streptavidin- and biotinylated probe-coated microtitration wells, and time-resolved fluorometry. The sensitivity of the assay was about one template molecule when purified coxsackievirus A9 RNA was used. All enterovirus prototype strains, except echoviruses 22 and 23, and clinical isolates grown in cell culture or suckling mice were strongly positive by the enterovirus PCR-hybridization, as were selected prototype strains and untyped isolates of rhinoviruses by the rhinovirus PCR-hybridization. In a series of 100 clinical specimens tested, the results for 92 agreed with virus culture results. The detection method described will be useful in etiopathogenic studies on enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV TURKU, DEPT VIROL, SF-20520 TURKU, FINLAND. WALLAC OY, SF-20101 TURKU, FINLAND. NR 42 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 648 EP 653 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QG830 UT WOS:A1995QG83000026 PM 7751371 ER PT J AU ALLEN, RD PELLETT, PE STEWART, JA KOOPMANS, M AF ALLEN, RD PELLETT, PE STEWART, JA KOOPMANS, M TI NONRADIOACTIVE PCR ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY METHOD FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFICATION; VIRUS AB We developed a rapid, sensitive, and specific PCR-based assay for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The assay includes primer and probe sequences derived from conserved HCMV nucleotide sequences and nonradioactive hybridization-confirmation. The assay detected between 10 and 100 viral genomes. All HCMV clinical isolates tested (39 of 39) gave positive reactions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QG830 UT WOS:A1995QG83000040 PM 7751384 ER PT J AU HOLLIS, DG DANESHVAR, MI MOSS, CW BAKER, CN AF HOLLIS, DG DANESHVAR, MI MOSS, CW BAKER, CN TI PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS, FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION, AND ISOPRENOID QUINONE CONTENT OF CDC GROUP-IIG BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; NOV AB Eleven strains of eugenic, nonoxidative, gram-negative rods isolated from clinical specimens formed a distinct group that was designated CDC group IIg. Five of the 11 isolates were from wounds. The phenotypic characteristics of CDC group IIg were most similar to those of Weeksella species, with the major difference being that CDC group IIg strains grew on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days, did not hydrolyze gelatin, and did not produce urease. All 11 strains of CDC group IIg possessed a distinct fatty acid profile that was characterized by large amounts (19 to 29%) of 18:1 omega 7c, 16:0, and 16:1 omega 7c, moderate amounts (6 to 10%) of 3-OH-14:0 and 14:0, and smaller amounts (1 to 2%) of 18:2, 18:0, and 3-OH-16:0. This fatty acid profile differs from those of Weeksella species by the absence of branched-chain fatty acids, CDC group IIg contains ubiquinone-8, as opposed to menaquinone-6 in Weeksella species. The isolates were susceptible to a variety of antimicrobial agents, including the aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and polymyxin B. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLLIS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 33 IS 3 BP 762 EP 764 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA QG830 UT WOS:A1995QG83000051 PM 7751393 ER PT J AU JAN, LR YANG, CS TRENT, DW FALGOUT, B LAI, CJ AF JAN, LR YANG, CS TRENT, DW FALGOUT, B LAI, CJ TI PROCESSING OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS - NS2B-NS3 COMPLEX AND HETEROLOGOUS PROTEASES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VACCINIA VIRUS; POLYPROTEIN; CLEAVAGE; NS3; IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN; FLAVIVIRUSES AB Processing of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus nonstructural (NS) proteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses was analysed to characterize the responsible viral protease. Analysis of the processing of polyprotein NS2A-2B-3' containing the N-terminal 322 amino acids of NS3 revealed products consistent with cleavages at the predicted intergenic junctions as well as at one or possibly two sites within NS2A, Cleavage at the alternate site(s) containing the cleavage sequence motif within NS2A could possibly explain the production of the NS1' protein in JE virus-infected cells. Polyprotein NS2A-d2B-3' containing a large deletion within NS2B was cleavage-defective, despite the presence of the proposed NS3 protease domain. Cleavage of NS2A-d2B-3' was restored if NS2B or NS2A-2B was supplied in trans, providing evidence that NS2B is strictly required for NS3 proteolytic activity. NS2B- or NS3-specific sera raised against the bacterial TrpE fusion protein co-precipitated NS2B and NS3 or NS3'from the lysate of JE virus or recombinant virus-infected cells. Thus both protease components are associated as a complex, presumably representing the active JE virus protease. JE virus and the analogous dengue 4 (DEN-4) protease components were employed to examine the activity of heterologous proteases. The defective cleavage of JE virus NS2A-d2B-3' was complemented by heterologous DEN-4 NS2B, whereas the defective cleavage of DEN-4 NS2A-d2B-3' was not corrected by heterologous JE virus NS2B. This suggests that the heterologous JE virus NS2B-DEN-4 NS3 protease is not active, despite the considerable sequence conservation of NS2B and NS3 between the two viruses. The cleavage activity was restored by replacement of the C-terminal 80 amino acids of JE virus NS2B with the corresponding DEN-4 sequence, consistent with the notion that the C-terminal region contains amino acid residues for interaction with DEN-4 NS3. C1 NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,MOLEC VIRAL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL TAIWAN UNIV,COLL MED,INST MICROBIOL,TAIPEI 10764,TAIWAN. NATL INST PREVENT MED,TAIPEI 11513,TAIWAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,VECTOR BORNE DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,MOLEC VIRAL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 76 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-3-573 PN 3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QL246 UT WOS:A1995QL24600009 PM 7897348 ER PT J AU HALEY, RW CUSHION, NB TENOVER, FC BANNERMAN, TL DRYER, D ROSS, J SANCHEZ, PJ SIEGEL, JD AF HALEY, RW CUSHION, NB TENOVER, FC BANNERMAN, TL DRYER, D ROSS, J SANCHEZ, PJ SIEGEL, JD TI ERADICATION OF ENDEMIC METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTIONS FROM A NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVERSION GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; MUPIROCIN; OUTBREAK; COLONIZATION; REGIMENS; NURSERY; RISK AB To control infections with endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), triple dye was applied to the umbilical cords of infants in the intermediate-care but not the intensive-care area. The rate of MRSA infection, adjusted for time and intensity of care, decreased in the intermediate-care area (rate ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.87; P < .01) but not in the intensive-care area (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.41-2.24; P = .48). After 22 months, the rate increased in both areas (Mantel-Haenszel rate ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P < .05) after overcrowding and understaffing increased. After temporary reduction of overcrowding and understaffing, extension of triple dye use to the intensive-care area and dedication of an infection control nurse to the NICU, MRSA colonization and infection rates decreased to near zero in both areas (infection rate ratios, 0.09 and 0.11, respectively; P < .005). The endemic MRSA strain, identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, was eradicated. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DALLAS,TX 75235. PARKLAND MEM HOSP & AFFILIATED INST,DEPT INFECT CONTROL,DALLAS,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP HALEY, RW (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,5323 HARRY HINES BLVD,DALLAS,TX 75235, USA. RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011; Haley, Robert/P-9026-2014 OI Haley, Robert/0000-0001-8849-9579 NR 58 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 614 EP 624 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500015 PM 7876608 ER PT J AU TWUMASI, PA KUMAH, S LEACH, A ODEMPSEY, TJD CEESAY, SJ TODD, J BROOME, CV CARLONE, GM PAIS, LB HOLDER, PK PLIKAYTIS, BD GREENWOOD, BM AF TWUMASI, PA KUMAH, S LEACH, A ODEMPSEY, TJD CEESAY, SJ TODD, J BROOME, CV CARLONE, GM PAIS, LB HOLDER, PK PLIKAYTIS, BD GREENWOOD, BM TI A TRIAL OF A GROUP-A PLUS GROUP-C MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE-PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE IN AFRICAN INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS GROUP; GROUP-A; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODY; PERSISTENCE; AGE AB The safety and immunogenicity of a group A plus group C meningococcal polysaccharide-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine was evaluated in 304 8- to 10-week-old Gambian infants. Infants were immunized with one, two, or three doses of conjugate vaccine or with two doses of a meningococcal A plus C polysaccharide vaccine. The conjugate vaccine produced few systemic side effects, and local reactions were similar to those produced by the polysaccharide vaccine. Postvaccination group A meningococcal polysaccharide antibody levels, measured by ELISA, increased progressively after one, two, or three doses of conjugate vaccine. However, one dose of conjugate vaccine given at the age of 6 months induced a higher group C meningococcal antibody response than did two doses of conjugate vaccine given at 2 and 6 months. Two doses of conjugate vaccine induced higher levels of antibody than did two doses of polysaccharide vaccine. Thus, this new meningococcal conjugate vaccine proved to be safe and immunogenic. C1 MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 632 EP 638 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500017 PM 7876610 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, BJ WILLIAMS, J BULKOW, L SNOWBALL, M WAINWRIGHT, R KENNEDY, M KRAUSE, D AF MCMAHON, BJ WILLIAMS, J BULKOW, L SNOWBALL, M WAINWRIGHT, R KENNEDY, M KRAUSE, D TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF AN INACTIVATED HEPATITIS-A VACCINE IN ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN AND NATIVE AND NONNATIVE ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID A VACCINE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VIRUS-INFECTION; SAFETY; TRIAL AB The response to an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was assessed in 307 persons: 163 Alaska Native children, ages 3-6 years, and 144 Native (84) and non-Native (60) adults. All adults received the same vaccine schedule (0, 1, and 12 months), whereas children were randomized to receive three different schedules (0, 1, and 6; 0, 1, and 2; or 0, 1, and 12 months). After one dose, 141 (96%) of 147 children and 129 (90%) of 143 adults responded with levels of antibody to hepatitis A virus >20 mIU/mL. After three doses, all participants responded. The geometric mean titer (GMT) 1 month after the third dose was significantly higher in children who received the third dose 12 months after the first dose rather than 2 months after the first dose. While there were differences in the GMT of some blood samples by age, sex, and ethnicity, all participants responded to the vaccine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA. RP MCMAHON, BJ (reprint author), ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT MED,ALASKA AREA NAT HLTH SERV,INDIAN HLTH SERV,255 GAMBELL,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 14 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 676 EP 679 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500023 PM 7876615 ER PT J AU MALDONADO, YA WANG, NE CALDWELL, B CHMYZ, M SEAVELLO, J PROBER, CG SULLIVAN, B WARA, D WEINTRUB, P PETRU, A ALBIN, C MAILHOT, E WILSON, MJ AF MALDONADO, YA WANG, NE CALDWELL, B CHMYZ, M SEAVELLO, J PROBER, CG SULLIVAN, B WARA, D WEINTRUB, P PETRU, A ALBIN, C MAILHOT, E WILSON, MJ TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF CHILDREN WITH PERINATAL HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HIV-INFECTION; ANTIGEN AB Surveillance of children born to women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at five pediatric regional centers assessed times and patterns of clinical recognition in these children. Regional HIV seroprevalences among childbearing women were used to assess the proportion of identified children born to HIV-infected women. In total, 415 children with perinatal HIV exposure were identified. Early age at first HIV evaluation was significantly associated with maternal intravenous drug use (3.2 vs. 7.2 months for other or unknown maternal risk, P = .01), birth county with population >500,000 (3.5 vs. 8.2 months for population less than or equal to 500,000, P = .003), and hospital with routine HIV screening of pregnant women (0.1 vs. 8.8 months for no screening, P = .006). Race did not correlate with age at first evaluation. Using maternal HIV seroprevalence rates for 1988-1991, 34%-50% of the expected number of infants born to HIV-infected women were in clinical care. Perception of increased maternal risk for HIV infection was associated with early clinical recognition of infants of HIV-infected women. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP MALDONADO, YA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROOM G312,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU901179-02] NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 689 EP 692 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500027 PM 7876619 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG DIMOCK, KA EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ AF ADDISS, DG DIMOCK, KA EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ TI CLINICAL, PARASITOLOGICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF PATIENTS WITH HYDROCELE AND ELEPHANTIASIS IN AN AREA WITH ENDEMIC LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; RESPONSIVENESS; DISEASE AB Hydrocele and elephantiasis, major clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis, are thought to share a common pathogenesis. The characteristics of 121 patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis in Leogane, Haiti, were compared: 39% of 57 men with hydrocele and 3% of 64 persons with lymphedema of the leg were microfilaria-positive (P < .001). Circulating filarial antigen, presumably from the adult worm, was detected in 15 (43%) microfilaria-negative men with hydrocele and 9 (15%) microfilaria-negative persons with leg edema (P = .004). Microfilaria-positive men had lower levels of filaria-specific IgG1 and hydroceles of significantly smaller volume and shorter duration than did microfilaria-negative men; hydrocele volume was inversely associated with microfilarial density (P = .001). In contrast, filarial antigen but not microfilariae was associated with filaria-specific IgG4 and decreased lymphocyte proliferation. Antigen status was not associated with severity of leg edema. In this filariasis-endemic area, men with hydrocele are more immunologically and parasitologically heterogeneous than are persons with elephantiasis. RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,F-22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-0005] NR 15 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 755 EP 758 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500044 PM 7876636 ER PT J AU DECOURTEN, MP KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE KHAN, AS DAILY, PJ KNOWLER, WC AF DECOURTEN, MP KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE KHAN, AS DAILY, PJ KNOWLER, WC TI SEROPREVALENCE STUDY OF HANTAVIRUS ANTIBODIES IN PIMA-INDIANS WITH RENAL-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DECOURTEN, MP (reprint author), NIDDK,PHOENIX EPIDEMIOL & CLIN RES BRANCH,DIABET & ARTHRIT EPIDEMIOL SECT,1550 E INDIAN SCH RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85014, USA. RI de Courten, Maximilian/B-3300-2012 OI de Courten, Maximilian/0000-0001-9997-9359 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 171 IS 3 BP 762 EP 763 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA QJ455 UT WOS:A1995QJ45500049 PM 7876639 ER PT J AU KARETNYI, YV FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS WEISS, P BARSHANI, S HANDSHER, R ABOUDY, Y VARSANO, N SCHWARTZ, E LEVIN, E MENDELSON, E FIELDS, HA AF KARETNYI, YV FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS WEISS, P BARSHANI, S HANDSHER, R ABOUDY, Y VARSANO, N SCHWARTZ, E LEVIN, E MENDELSON, E FIELDS, HA TI SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION IN ISRAEL SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS E; HEV; SEROLOGY ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; EPIDEMIC NON-A; CHILDREN; ASSAY AB Israel is suspected to be endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV) because of its geographic location and the large-scale immigration from endemic countries. Although no cases of local HEV infection have been diagnosed, a serological survey would provide indirect evidence for such infection. We examined sera from 1,416 healthy subjects, including 1,139 Jews from various regions of Israel and 277 Arabs, most of whom reside in the West Bank of the Jordan River. In addition, we tested 13 non-A, non-B, and non-C viral hepatitis patients. Sera were screened for antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by immunoblots for both IgG and IgM anti-HEV activity. Positive samples were confirmed by neutralization. The seroprevalence found by EIA was 2.81% and 1.81% in the Jewish and Arab populations, respectively. More than a 2-fold higher prevalence in males compared to females and an increase with age were found in both populations. However, these differences were nonsignificant. The geographical distribution was even throughout the country, except for two clusters of 3 and 4 seropositive individuals possibly reflecting past foci of infection. Eight of 37 EIA-positive sera were positive for IgG, and 3 were positive for IgM by the immunoblot assay. Among hepatitis patients (9 acute and 4 chronic), one patient with chronic hepatitis was positive for both IgG and IgM. Our study provides indirect evidence that Israel is endemic for HEV. The lack of outbreaks may be attributed to generally good hygienic conditions and a controlled potable water supply, while unrecognized sporadic cases may be due to the unavailability of diagnostic tests. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,LIVER UNIT,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED E,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. MAGEN DAVID ADOM,CENT BLOOD BANK,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP KARETNYI, YV (reprint author), CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,CENT VIROL LAB,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 45 IS 3 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890450314 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA QK022 UT WOS:A1995QK02200013 PM 7775954 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA WALKER, JT BOENIGER, MF TSUCHIYA, Y HALPERIN, WE AF SCHULTE, PA WALKER, JT BOENIGER, MF TSUCHIYA, Y HALPERIN, WE TI MOLECULAR, CYTOGENETIC, AND HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE-OXIDE ON FEMALE HOSPITAL WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Womens Health - Occupation and Cancer CY NOV, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID BIOLOGIC MARKERS; EXPOSURE AB Women comprise the majority of workers exposed to ethylene oxide during sterilization of medical instruments and supplies. This article evaluates molecular, cytogenetic, and hematologic effects of ethylene oxide on 68 women workers employed in nine hospitals in the United States and one hospital in Mexico. Workers were classified by three exposure categories: none (0), low (>0-32 ppm-hrs), and high (>32 ppm-hrs). Hematologic effects were evaluated using complete blood count with differential, which has been questioned as a test for screening ethylene oxide-exposed workers. A statistically significant decrease in hematocrit (n = 0.02) and hemoglobin (P = 0.03) levels, an increase in lymphocyte percentages (P = 0.04), and a relative decrease in neutrophil percentages (P = 0.03) with exposure were observed in US workers. The absolute number of lymphocytes, however, showed no relationship with exposure. No statistically significant results were seen for Mexican workers, although hematocrit decreased with exposure. An exposure-response relationship for the percentage for lymphocytes (positive) and neutrophils (negative) in US subjects and for neutrophils (positive) in Mexican subjects was seen. No overall relation with exposure was observed for total number of white cells. Molecular and cytogenetic results are also reported for the 68 women, who constitute a subgroup from a previous report. US women workers showed a statistically significant exposure-response relationship for ethylene oxide and hemoglobin adducts (P = 0.0002) and sister chromatid exchanges (P 0.001). For micronuclei, the difference (P = 0.02) between low and high exposure was statistically significant. In Mexican workers, an exposure-response relationship was observed (P = 0.002) for hemoglobin adducts but not for sister chromatid exchanges or micronuclei. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,SCREENING & NOTIFICAT SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 37 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1097/00043764-199503000-00008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QM284 UT WOS:A1995QM28400008 PM 7796199 ER PT J AU WILEY, JF BELL, LM ROSENBLUM, LS NUSSBAUM, J TOBIN, R HENRETIG, FM AF WILEY, JF BELL, LM ROSENBLUM, LS NUSSBAUM, J TOBIN, R HENRETIG, FM TI LEAD-POISONING - LOW RATES OF SCREENING AND HIGH PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN SEEN IN INNER-CITY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note AB Of 254 children who were 1 to 6 years of age and were tested at two major inner-city emergency departments, 65% had no record of previous lead screening in the previous 30 months, and 71% (97/137) and 50% (58/117), respectively, had blood lead levels greater than or equal to 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dl). The emergency department may be an appropriate resource for lead screening of selected inner-city children. C1 TEMPLE UNIV, ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, EMERGENCY MED SECT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19133 USA. UNIV PENN, CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, EMERGENCY MED SECT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. UNIV PENN, CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, DIV GEN PEDIAT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. DEPT PUBL HLTH, PHILADELPHIA CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING PREVENT PRO, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. FU PHS HHS [990-0115] NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 126 IS 3 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70455-8 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA QL579 UT WOS:A1995QL57900011 PM 7869199 ER PT J AU SERDULA, MK KOONG, SL WILLIAMSON, DF ANDA, RF MADANS, JH KLEINMAN, JC BYERS, T AF SERDULA, MK KOONG, SL WILLIAMSON, DF ANDA, RF MADANS, JH KLEINMAN, JC BYERS, T TI ALCOHOL INTAKE AND SUBSEQUENT MORTALITY - FINDINGS FROM THE NHANES-I FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MODERATE ALCOHOL; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; ALAMEDA COUNTY; BREAST-CANCER; SHAPED CURVE; RISK-FACTORS; CONSUMPTION; MEN; COHORT AB Objective: Because past research has focused primarily on populations of middle-aged men, the relationship between alcohol and mortality among women and the elderly has been less well substantiated. Method: We examined the relationship between alcohol intake and mortality using data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Total mortality was examined for both sexes (N = 4,614 women, 3,573 men), but ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality was examined only for men because the number of deaths was too small in Women. Proportional hazards modeling was used to adjust for the baseline characteristics of age, race, education, body weight, smoking and physical activity. Results: For men aged 40 to 64, the adjusted relative risks (RR) of death for drinking levels of .5 drinks/day, .5 to < 2 and greater-than-or-equal-to 2 (compared to the nondrinking reference group) were 0.8 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.6, 1.1), 0.9 (CI:0.6, 1.2) and 1.2 (CI: 0.9, 1.6); RRs of IHD mortality were 0.6 (CI: 0.4, 0.9), 0.5 (CI: 0.3, 0.9) and 0.7 (CI: 0.5, 1.2). For women aged 40 to 64, the RRs for death for the same exposure categories were 1.2 (CI: 0.9, 1.6), 0.9 (CI: 0.6, 1.4) and 1.9 (CI: 1.2, 3.0). Among both sexes 65 years and olds, consumption of < 2 drinks/day was associated with about a 20% decrease in total mortality and IHD mortality (men only). However, this protective effect disappeared after exclusion of those with pre-existing disease. Conclusions: Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol intake on IHD mortality in middle-aged men. Among both men and women, there was little evidence of a protective association between moderate alcohol intake and total mortality after excluding those with pre-existing disease. RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR K26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA PO BOX 969, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-0969 SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD MAR PY 1995 VL 56 IS 2 BP 233 EP 239 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA QJ076 UT WOS:A1995QJ07600016 PM 7760571 ER PT J AU LANGLOIS, JA SMITH, GS NELSON, DE SATTIN, RW STEVENS, JA DEVITO, CA AF LANGLOIS, JA SMITH, GS NELSON, DE SATTIN, RW STEVENS, JA DEVITO, CA TI DEPENDENCE IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AS A RISK FACTOR FOR FALL INJURY EVENTS AMONG OLDER-PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID ELDERLY PERSONS; POPULATION; DISABILITY C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MIAMI,DEPT FAMILY MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MIAMI,FL. OI Smith, Gordon/0000-0002-2911-3071 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU400728] NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA QK439 UT WOS:A1995QK43900015 PM 7884118 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A AF FRIEDE, A TI GRAND CHALLENGES IN MEDICAL INFORMATICS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 2 IS 2 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA QL256 UT WOS:A1995QL25600008 PM 7743316 ER PT J AU DARBY, SC WHITLEY, E HOWE, GR HUTCHINGS, SJ KUSIAK, RA LUBIN, JH MORRISON, HI TIRMARCHE, M TOMASEK, L RADFORD, EP ROSCOE, RJ SAMET, JM YAO, SX AF DARBY, SC WHITLEY, E HOWE, GR HUTCHINGS, SJ KUSIAK, RA LUBIN, JH MORRISON, HI TIRMARCHE, M TOMASEK, L RADFORD, EP ROSCOE, RJ SAMET, JM YAO, SX TI RADON AND CANCERS OTHER THAN LUNG-CANCER IN UNDERGROUND MINERS - A COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS OF 11 STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID URANIUM MINERS; MORTALITY 1950-80; DAUGHTER EXPOSURE; COHORT; WORKERS; LEUKEMIA; RISK; PROGENY AB Background: Exposure to the radioactive gas radon and its progeny (Rn-222 and its radioactive decay products) has recently been linked to a variety of cancers other than lung cancer in geographic correlation studies of domestic radon exposure and in individual cohorts of occupationally exposed miners. Purpose: This study was designed to characterize further the risks for cancers other than lung cancer (i.e., non-lung cancers) from atmospheric radon. Methods: Mortality from non-lung cancer was examined in a collaborative analysis of data from 11 cohorts of underground miners in which radon-related excesses of lung cancer had been established. The study included 64 209 men who were employed in the mines for 6.4 years on average, received average cumulative exposures of 155 working-level months (WLM), and were followed for 16.9 years on average. Results: For all non-lung cancers combined, mortality was close to that expected from mortality rates in the areas surrounding the mines (ratio of observed to expected deaths [O/E] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-1.07, based on 1179 deaths), and mortality did not increase with increasing cumulative exposure. Among 28 individual cancer categories, statistically significant increases in mortality for cancers of the stomach (O/E = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.16-1.52) and liver (O/E = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.29-2.28) and statistically significant decreases for cancers of the tongue and mouth (O/E = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.26-0.93), pharynx (O/E = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.16-0.66), and colon (O/E = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.63-0.95) were observed. For leukemia, mortality was increased in the period less than 10 years since starting work (O/E = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.19-2.95) but not subsequently. For none of these diseases was mortality significantly related to cumulative exposure. Among the remaining individual categories of non-lung cancer, mortality was related to cumulative exposure only for cancer of the pancreas (excess relative risk per WLM = 0.07%; 95% CI = 0.01-0.12) and, in the period less than 10 years since the start of employment, for other and unspecified cancers (excess relative risk per WLM = 0.22%; 95% CI = 0.08-0.37). Conclusions: The increases in mortality from stomach and liver cancers and leukemia are unlikely to have been caused by radon, since they are unrelated to cumulative exposure. The association between cumulative exposure and pancreatic cancer seems likely to be a chance finding, while the association between cumulative exposure and other and unspecified cancers was caused by deaths certified as due to carcinomatosis (widespread disseminated cancer throughout the body) that were likely to have been due to lung cancers. This study, therefore, provides considerable evidence that high concentrations of radon in air do not cause a material risk of mortality from cancers other than lung cancer. Implications: Protection standards for radon should continue to be based on consideration of the lung cancer risk alone. C1 NATL CANC INST CANADA,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. HLTH & SAFETY EXECUT,BOOTLE,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. ONTARIO MINIST LABOR,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HLTH & WELF CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. CEN,INST PROTECT SURETE NUCL,FONTENAY ROSES,FRANCE. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV NEW MEXICO,NEW MEXICO TUMOR REGISTRY,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP DARBY, SC (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,GIBSON BLDG,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. NR 51 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD MAR 1 PY 1995 VL 87 IS 5 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1093/jnci/87.5.378 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA QH570 UT WOS:A1995QH57000012 PM 7853419 ER PT J AU KLIMOV, AI COX, NJ AF KLIMOV, AI COX, NJ TI PCR RESTRICTION ANALYSIS OF GENOME COMPOSITION AND STABILITY OF COLD-ADAPTED REASSORTANT LIVE INFLUENZA VACCINES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE INFLUENZA VIRUS; VACCINE REASSORTANTS; GENOME COMPOSITION; GENETIC STABILITY; PCR RESTRICTION ANALYSIS ID VIRUS GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINANTS; GENES AB Using cold-adapted master donor strains of influenza virus as a model, an approach was developed that exploits unique nucleotide differences between the donor strains and wild-type influenza viruses for rapidly and simply determining the genome composition and genetic stability of live attenuated vaccine reassortants. The approach is based on PCR amplification of approximately 150-300-nucleotide-long regions of individual RNA segments that include the unique nucleotide positions, followed by restriction nuclease treatment of the DNAs obtained with specific restriction endonucleases. Restriction sites recognized by chosen nucleases either existed or were created during PCR in the genome of one (but not the other) parent strain. The technique requires a minimal amount of infectious virus (approx. 100 mu l of allantoic or tissue culture fluid with a haemagglutination titre 1:4-1:8 or less) and allows rapid (within about 10 h) determination of the origin of the RNA segment or the presence of a mutation. The method is beneficial for genome composition analysis of reassortant vaccine strains as well as for investigation of the genetic stability of live attenuated vaccines during replication in vaccinees. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,VIRAL PREPARAT RES INST,MOSCOW 109088,RUSSIA. RP KLIMOV, AI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,G-16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00133-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QL373 UT WOS:A1995QL37300005 PM 7769038 ER PT J AU SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D PATTON, JL STEWART, JA PELLETT, PE AF SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D PATTON, JL STEWART, JA PELLETT, PE TI DETECTION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES BY MEANS OF BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED EBV GP125 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; SERODIAGNOSIS; VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN; BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION; GLYCOPROTEIN B ID INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; GLYCOPROTEIN-B; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; GENOME; ELISA; DNA AB A major antigenic component of the Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (VCA) complex is the glycoprotein, gp125. Baculovirus-expressed gp125 reacted with Epstein-Barr virus IgG antibodies in a panel of 44 serum specimens using an immunoblot assay with over 97% sensitivity, and 100% specificity as compared to anti-VCA reactivity in an immunofluorescence assay. In addition, no evidence for cross-reactivity was seen in reactions with members of a panel of human serum specimens of known reactivity with each of the other known human herpesviruses. Thus, baculovirus-expressed gp125 should prove a stable platform on which new Epstein-Barr virus-specific serodiagnostic tests can be built. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BIOKIT SA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 1995 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00157-C PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA QL373 UT WOS:A1995QL37300016 PM 7769027 ER PT J AU HUMMEL, KB BELLINI, WJ AF HUMMEL, KB BELLINI, WJ TI LOCALIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY EPITOPES AND FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS IN THE HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN OF MEASLES-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID FUSION PROTEIN; NEURAMINIDASE; DISEASE; GLYCOPROTEINS; ENCEPHALITIS; RECEPTOR; STRAIN AB The expression of chimeric proteins was performed for the localization of monoclonal antibody (MAb) epitopes and functional domains in the hemagglutinin (H) protein of measles virus. The fusion helper function of the H protein was ablated by a single amino acid substitution at residue 98. Loss of reactivity to MAb 79-XV-V17 and to MAbs 16-CD-11 and 80-II-B2 was attributed to substitutions between residues 211 and 298 and between 451 and 505, respectively. The 80-II-B2 MAb epitope also seemed to be within a domain required for hemadsorption and hemagglutination activities. RP HUMMEL, KB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1913 EP 1916 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA QG073 UT WOS:A1995QG07300066 PM 7853533 ER PT J AU MORZUNOV, SP FELDMANN, H SPIROPOULOU, CF SEMENOVA, VA ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF MORZUNOV, SP FELDMANN, H SPIROPOULOU, CF SEMENOVA, VA ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI NEWLY RECOGNIZED VIRUS-ASSOCIATED WITH A FATAL CASE OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; S-GENOME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONAL DISSECTION; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; CODING STRATEGY; HANTAAN VIRUS; SEGMENT AB Genetic analysis of virus detected in autopsy tissues of a fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-like case in Louisiana revealed the presence of a previously unrecognized hantavirus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR fragments of the complete S and M segments of the virus amplified from RNA extracted from the tissues showed the virus to be novel, differing from the closest related hantavirus, Sin Nombre virus, by approximately 30%. Both genome segments were unique, and there was no evidence of genetic reassortment with previously characterized hantaviruses. The primary rodent reservoir of Sin Nombre virus, the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus, is absent from Louisiana. Thus, the virus detected in Louisiana, referred to here as Bayou virus, must possess a different rodent reservoir. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,G-14,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 44 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1980 EP 1983 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA QG073 UT WOS:A1995QG07300078 PM 7853545 ER PT J AU COX, DL AKINS, DR PORCELLA, SF NORGARD, MV RADOLF, JD AF COX, DL AKINS, DR PORCELLA, SF NORGARD, MV RADOLF, JD TI TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM IN GEL MICRODROPLETS - A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR INVESTIGATION OF TREPONEMAL MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 34-KILODALTON MEMBRANE IMMUNOGEN; OUTER-MEMBRANE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSP PALLIDUM; LIPID MODIFICATION; PROTEINS; POLYPEPTIDES; PURIFICATION; ANTIGENICITY; SYPHILIS AB Controversy exists regarding the constituents and antigenic properties of the Treponema pallidum outer membrane; a major point of contention concerns the cellular location(s) of the spirochaete's lipoprotein immunogens. To address these issues and circumvent problems associated with prior efforts to localize treponemal surface antigens, we developed a novel strategy for investigating T. pallidum molecular architecture. Virulent treponemes were encapsulated in porous agarose beads (gel microdroplets) and then probed in the presence or absence of Triton X-100. Intact, encapsulated treponemes were not labelled by monospecific antisera directed against four major T. pallidum lipoproteins or a candidate T. pallidum outer membrane protein (TpN50) with C-terminal sequence homology to Escherichia coli OmpA or by human or rabbit syphilitic serum. Each of these immunologic reagents, however, labelled encapsulated treponemes co-incubated with detergent. In contrast, antibodies generated against isolated T. pallidum outer membranes labelled intact organisms and the pattern of fluorescence was consistent with the distribution of rare outer membrane proteins visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In addition to providing strong evidence that the protein portions of treponemal lipoproteins are located within the periplasmic space, these studies have extended our understanding of the topographical relationships among T. pallidum cell envelope constituents. They also demonstrate the feasibility of generating antibodies against rare outer membrane proteins and detecting them on the surfaces of virulent treponemes. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIV INFECT DIS,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DALLAS,TX 75235. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-16692, AI-26756] NR 56 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1164 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02288.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA QU150 UT WOS:A1995QU15000015 PM 7623668 ER PT J AU FRENCH, SA JEFFERY, RW FOLSOM, AR WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T AF FRENCH, SA JEFFERY, RW FOLSOM, AR WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T TI HISTORY OF INTENTIONAL AND UNINTENTIONAL WEIGHT-LOSS IN A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE OF WOMEN AGED 55 TO 69 YEARS SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DIETING; WEIGHT LOSS; OBESITY; WEIGHT VARIABILITY ID BODY-WEIGHT; VARIABILITY; LONGEVITY; HEALTH; MEN AB Although both overweight and body weight fluctuation are related to chronic disease risk, little is known about the history of and reasons for body weight change in the general population. This paper reports the incidence of intentional and unintentional weight loss episodes during adulthood in a population-based sample of 26,261 women aged 55 to 69 years. Intentional weight loss episodes of each of four amounts (5-9, 10-19, 20-49, 50+ lbs.) and unintentional weight loss episodes of 20 or more lbs, were recalled for each of three age periods (18-39, 40-54, 55+ years). At least one intentional weight loss episode of 5 or more lbs, was reported by, 69% of women, 46% reported at least one intentional weight loss episode of 10 or more lbs, and 25% reported at least one intentional weight loss episode 20 or more lbs. At least one unintentional weight loss episode of 20 or more lbs. was reported by 29% of the women. Reasons for weight losses of 20 or more Ibs. were also recalled. Women who had intentionally lost 20 or more lbs. were more likely to report weight losses due to low-calorie diets, exercise and weight loss groups, while women who had unintentionally lost 20 or more lbs, were more likely to report weight losses due to depression or stress. These findings question the common assumption that weight losses in adult women are primarily intentional and emphasize the need to distinguish the reasons for weight loss in studies examining the relationship between body weight changes and health outcomes. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55454. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA39742] NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 3 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA QX610 UT WOS:A1995QX61000006 PM 7719962 ER PT J AU IRWIN, KL EDLIN, BR WONG, LY FARUQUE, S MCCOY, V WORD, C SCHILLING, R MCCOY, CB EVANS, PE HOLMBERG, SD AF IRWIN, KL EDLIN, BR WONG, LY FARUQUE, S MCCOY, V WORD, C SCHILLING, R MCCOY, CB EVANS, PE HOLMBERG, SD TI URBAN RAPE SURVIVORS - CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVALENCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AND OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; DISEASES; VICTIMS; ASSAULT; HIV AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of recent rape, the characteristics or recent rape survivors, and the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and genital herpes (HSV-2) among recent rape survivors. Methods: We surveyed women 18-29 years old who were recruited from places unassociated with medical or drug treatment or the criminal justice system in three urban communities where illicit drug use is common. We compared characteristics and HIV, syphilis, and HSV-2 sero-prevalence of women who reported recent rape with those of women who denied recent rape. Results: One hundred fifty-one of 1104 (13.7%) women reported having been raped in the year before our interview. Rape survivors were more likely than women who denied recent rape to smoke crack cocaine (86.8 versus 56.7%; odds ratio [OR] 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-7.8), to be homeless (17.2 versus 6.1%; OR 3.2, CI 2.0-5.2), to report a recent sexually transmitted disease (38.7 versus 18.7%; OR 2.7, CI 1.9-3.9), and to be infected with syphilis (42.4 versus 28.4%; OR 1.9, CI 1.3-2.6) and HSV-2 (71.9 versus 57.5%; OR 1.9, CI 1.3-2.8). Survivors were more likely to acknowledge any HIV risk behavior (including sex work) (85.4 versus 49.5%; OR 5.9, CI 3.9-9.0) and to be HIV-infected (23.3 versus 13.4%; OR 1.9, CI 1.3-2.9). Rape was not independently associated with HIV (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.3), syphilis (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.3), or HSV-2 (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-2.0) infections after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion: One in seven women reported being raped recently. Rape was most common among sex workers, crack smokers, and the homeless. Most survivors reported HIV risk behaviors, and many were HIV-infected. Programs to prevent repeated rape, voluntary HIV counseling and testing, and other medical and social services may benefit survivors in these and similar communities. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY. ASSOC DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV MIAMI,COMPREHENS DRUG RES CTR,MIAMI,FL. BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP IRWIN, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU404539, U64/CCU904453, U64/CCU204582] NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(94)00425-D PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA QH305 UT WOS:A1995QH30500003 PM 7862367 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW WILSON, M AF TSANG, VCW WILSON, M TI TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS - AN UNDER-RECOGNIZED BUT SERIOUS PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; VILLAGE; ASSAY; PERU AB The true impact and scope of the disease cysticercosis have been obscured by the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for the collection of reliable epidemiological data. Diagnosis has hitherto been dependent on clinical observations, radiologic imaging, and serologic assays that employ crude, non-specific antigens. These methods suffer from high cost and inaccessibility, and lock reliability. Development of the cysticercosis-specific glycoprotein antigens and their use in immunoblot have given us a diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and exquisite specificity. As discussed here by Victor Tsang and Marianna Wilson, use of this assay in recent epidemiologic studies has demonstrated the serious impact of cysticercosis to public health and the economy of the Pork industry. RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD MAR PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 124 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80175-8 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA QH307 UT WOS:A1995QH30700014 ER PT J AU BOSSE, DC PARKER, JT VOGLER, WR ADES, EW AF BOSSE, DC PARKER, JT VOGLER, WR ADES, EW TI SELECTIVE-INHIBITION OF ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION BY EDELFOSINE (ET-18-OCH3) ON HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN OR MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; ET-18-OCH3 (EDELFOSINE); ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ID TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; ALKYL-LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; PROTEIN; VCAM-1; ICAM-1 AB An abundance of data is accumulating that suggest that if one can block endothelial cell-leukocyte binding or inhibit cell adhesion molecules (CAM), inflammatory events can be greatly diminished. In this report, we demonstrate that an alkyl-lysophospho-lipid compound (ET-18-OCH3) can decrease adhesion molecule expression on cultured human micro- and macrovascular endothelial cell. lines. ET-18 selectively decreased CAM expression; CD31 was decreased, however. Vascular CAM-1 tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression was not altered. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression was decreased, but endoglin expression was not affected. Thus, we have demonstrated nontoxic downmodulation of vascular CAM expression in vitro. Whether this compound will have anti-inflammatory properties needs to be clarified in animal models. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT HEMATOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 63 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA RY038 UT WOS:A1995RY03800008 PM 8554699 ER PT J AU SAMB, B AABY, P WHITTLE, HC SECK, AMC RAHMAN, S BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L SIMONDON, F AF SAMB, B AABY, P WHITTLE, HC SECK, AMC RAHMAN, S BENNETT, J MARKOWITZ, L SIMONDON, F TI SEROLOGIC STATUS AND MEASLES ATTACK RATES AMONG VACCINATED AND UNVACCINATED CHILDREN IN RURAL SENEGAL SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HEMAGGLUTININ-INHIBITING ANTIBODIES; MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINE; PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SECONDARY ATTACK RATES; SEROLOGY; VACCINE EFFICACY ID MORTALITY; EFFICACY; STRAIN AB During a measles vaccine trial in a rural area of Senegal, antibody status was examined within 10 days of exposure for 228 previously vaccinated and 313 unvaccinated children more than 12 months old who were exposed to measles at home. Thirty-six percent of the children developed clinical measles, the clinical diagnosis being confirmed for 135 of the 137 children from whom 2 blood samples were collected. Vaccine efficacy was 90% (95% confidence interval, 83 to 94%). The hemagglutinin inhibiting antibodies (HI) or plaque neutralizing antibodies (PN) assays were equally efficient in predicting susceptibility and protection against measles. Vaccinated children who had no detectable HI or PN antibodies at exposure had significant protection against measles compared with seronegative unvaccinated children (HI vaccine efficacy, 49% (95% confidence interval, 21 to 68%); PN vaccine efficacy, 43% (95% confidence interval, 12 to 62%)). The attack rate was high for children with a titer of 40 to 125 mIU) 67% (4 of 6) of those with a positive hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody test and 36% (13 of 36) of those with a positive PN test developed measles. Attack rates among children with HI or PN titers above 125 mIU were 2% (6 of 295) and 3% (7 of 258), respectively. Because titers of less than or equal to 120 mIU have been found to offer little protection in another study, this antibody level may be the best screening value for assessing susceptibility and protection against measles. However, it should be noted that many seronegative vaccinated children are protected against measles infection. C1 STATENS SERUM INST,DANISH EPIDEMIOL SCI CTR,EPIDEMIOL RES UNIT,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S,DENMARK. ORSTOM,UNITE RECH MALAD INFECT & PARASITAIRES,DAKAR,SENEGAL. UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,DAKAR,SENEGAL. MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA. TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 23 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1097/00006454-199503000-00007 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA QL716 UT WOS:A1995QL71600007 PM 7761185 ER PT J AU HALPERIN, WE AF HALPERIN, WE TI MORE SURVEILLANCE IN CHILD-CARE, PLEASE - COMMENT SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Note RP HALPERIN, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 110 IS 2 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR458 UT WOS:A1995QR45800002 PM 7630986 ER PT J AU STROUP, DF THACKER, SB AF STROUP, DF THACKER, SB TI PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN CHILD-CARE SETTINGS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CENTERS; INJURIES; INFECTIONS; SYSTEM AB To investigate the potential contribution of public health surveillance systems to the health of children and workers in out-of-home child-care settings, we review existing public health surveillance practice in the United States. We identify issues that are of particular concern for surveillance in child-care settings. We propose a framework for developing public health surveillance systems that uses sentinel child-care sites, notifiable disease surveillance, modification of existing surveillance systems, and population surveys. Successful surveillance in these settings depends on the active participation of child-care providers, public health practitioners, and clinicians in (a) the selection of high priority diseases and injuries for surveillance; (b) the development of practical case definitions; (c) the augmentation of current surveillance systems to include disease and injury related to child care; and (d) the implementation, assessment, dissemination, and evaluation of new approaches for surveillance in child-care settings. C1 CDC,DIV SURVIELLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP STROUP, DF (reprint author), CDC,EPO,MS C08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 110 IS 2 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR458 UT WOS:A1995QR45800003 PM 7630987 ER PT J AU HOLTGRAVE, DR QUALLS, NL CURRAN, JW VALDISERRI, RO GUINAN, ME PARRA, WC AF HOLTGRAVE, DR QUALLS, NL CURRAN, JW VALDISERRI, RO GUINAN, ME PARRA, WC TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Review ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; AIDS EDUCATION; METHADONE PATIENTS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; ADOLESCENTS; REDUCTION; MEN; INFECTION AB Because of the enormity of the HIV-AIDS epidemic and the urgency for preventing transmission, HIV prevention programs are a high priority for careful and timely evaluations. Information on program effectiveness and efficiency is needed for decision-making about future HIV prevention priorities. General characteristics of successful HIV prevention programs, programs empirically evaluated and found to change (or not change) high-risk behaviors or in need of further empirical study, and economic evaluations of certain programs are described and summarized with attention limited to programs that have a behavioral basis. HIV prevention programs have an impact on averting or reducing risk behaviors, particularly when they are delivered with sufficient resources, intensity, and cultural competency and are based on a firm foundation of behavioral and social science theory and past research. Economic evaluations have found that some of these behaviorally based programs yield net economic benefits to society, and others are likely cost-effective (even if not cost-saving) relative to other health programs. Still, specific improvements should be made in certain HIV prevention programs. C1 CDC,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. NR 118 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 110 IS 2 BP 134 EP 146 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR458 UT WOS:A1995QR45800005 PM 7630989 ER PT J AU CALLIFDALEY, FA HUETHER, CA EDMONDS, LD AF CALLIFDALEY, FA HUETHER, CA EDMONDS, LD TI EVALUATING FALSE POSITIVES IN 2 HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DATA SETS OF THE BIRTH-DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS AB The principal goal in this study was to quantify false positives in the hospital discharge data of the Birth Defects Monitoring Program conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The two hospital data processing agencies which contribute data to the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities and the McDonnell Douglas Health Information Systems, had respective levels of false positives of 13.2 percent and 8.5 percent, levels which were statistically different from each other. These false positive levels should be considered minimal because these data bases do not include information on sick babies who may be transferred into or out of member hospitals, and who may have their initial diagnoses significantly modified. Potential correlates of false positives were evaluated, including hospital size, diagnostic certainty, race, sex, and insurance source. Two-thirds of all false positives were due to the miscoding of correctly diagnosed anomalies, and another quarter were clearly contradicted in notes easily available before the patients were discharged. The authors hope that this study of false positives will enhance the interpretation of the Birth Defects Monitoring Program data and lead to improved understanding of data collection and processing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP CALLIFDALEY, FA (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT BIOL SCI,ML006,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 110 IS 2 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR458 UT WOS:A1995QR45800007 PM 7630991 ER PT J AU MORSE, SA AF MORSE, SA TI THE HOT ZONE - PRESTON,R SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Book Review RP MORSE, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 110 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QR458 UT WOS:A1995QR45800018 ER PT J AU CHUTIVONGSE, S KOZUHNOVAK, M ANNUS, J WARD, ME ROBERTSON, JN CATES, W ROWE, PJ FARLEY, TMM AF CHUTIVONGSE, S KOZUHNOVAK, M ANNUS, J WARD, ME ROBERTSON, JN CATES, W ROWE, PJ FARLEY, TMM TI TUBAL INFERTILITY - SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIP TO PAST CHLAMYDIAL AND GONOCOCCAL-INFECTION SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS; TRACHOMATIS; WOMEN; ANTIBODIES; SALPINGITIS; OBSTRUCTION; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY AB Background and Objectives: Sparse data exist for quantifying the association between Chlamydia trachomatis infection, salpingitis, and tubal infertility. Goal of This Study: To investigate the impact of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in tubal infertility. Study Design: This was a multicenter case-control study that compared women who have bilateral tubal occlusion with other infertile women and age-matched pregnant control subjects. Reproductive and sexual history were recorded, and immunoglobulin G antibodies to C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were measured. Results: Women with past chlamydial or gonococcal infections or both were significantly more likely to have bilateral tubal occlusion. The majority of women with bilateral tubal occlusion reported no history of pelvic inflammatory disease symptoms. Other infertile women had a prevalence of C. trachomatis antibodies (60%), which was similar to that of patients with bilateral tubal occlusion (71%). Conclusion: Sexually transmitted infections, especially C. trachomatis, are associated with tubal infertility. Because they usually cause no symptoms, public health efforts to prevent tubal infertility should focus on identifying infections in the lower genital tract before they ascend. C1 WHO,SPECIAL PROGRAMME RES DEV & RES TRAINING HUMAN RE,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CHULALONGKORN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. UNIV LJUBLJANA,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,LJUBLJANA 61000,SLOVENIA. UNIV SZEGED,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,SZEGED,HUNGARY. SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 4XY,HANTS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA QN753 UT WOS:A1995QN75300001 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE IN NATIVE-AMERICANS SO STROKE LA English DT Review DE CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN; RACIAL DIFFERENCES; RISK FACTORS ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INDIANS; HEALTH AB Background and Purpose Because of the paucity of published information, this report seeks to better characterize the pattern of stroke occurrence and risk factors among Native Americans in the United States. Methods Data from the US Vital Statistics System and two National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. Results Stroke was a leading cause of death among US Native Americans in 1990. In persons aged 45 and over, stroke was the cause of 6% of deaths in Native Americans and 7% of deaths in whites. The percentage of stroke deaths due to hemorrhagic stroke was higher in Native Americans than whites. In 1988 through 1990, stroke death rates were similar in Native Americans and whites under age 65 but lower in Native Americans at ages 65 years and over. High prevalence of diabetes, smoking, and obesity may contribute to stroke mortality in Native Americans. Conclusions Targeted research, innovative analyses of existing data, and use of ongoing surveys and the Census should be considered in the study of the epidemiology of stroke, other leading causes of death, and risk factors in Native Americans. Continued hypertension detection and treatment efforts are needed for Native Americans as for other groups. Smoking cessation and prevention should receive high priority in Native American populations. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD MAR PY 1995 VL 26 IS 3 BP 514 EP 521 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA QK056 UT WOS:A1995QK05600035 PM 7886735 ER EF