FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU PINCUS, T
BROOKS, RH
CALLAHAN, LF
AF PINCUS, T
BROOKS, RH
CALLAHAN, LF
TI MEASURES OF INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS MAY INDICATE
NO CHANGE OR IMPROVEMENT OVER 5 YEARS WHILE MEASURES OF DAMAGE INDICATE
DISEASE PROGRESSION - IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0004-3591
J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM
JI Arthritis Rheum.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 38
IS 6
SU S
BP R20
EP R20
PG 1
WC Rheumatology
SC Rheumatology
GA RD908
UT WOS:A1995RD90800060
ER
PT J
AU KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC
QUINN, FD
BUTLER, WR
SHINNICK, TM
KING, CH
AF KIKUTAOSHIMA, LC
QUINN, FD
BUTLER, WR
SHINNICK, TM
KING, CH
TI ISOLATION OF RNA FROM MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS USING A NITROGEN
DECOMPRESSION CHAMBER
SO BIOTECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Note
ID IDENTIFICATION
RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HANSENS DIS LAB, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 6
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE
PI NEW YORK
PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0736-6205
EI 1940-9818
J9 BIOTECHNIQUES
JI Biotechniques
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 6
BP 987
EP +
PG 1
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA RB854
UT WOS:A1995RB85400013
PM 7546724
ER
PT J
AU CLARKE, SC
TAFFEL, S
AF CLARKE, SC
TAFFEL, S
TI CHANGES IN CESAREAN DELIVERY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1988 AND 1993
SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE
LA English
DT Article
AB The rate of cesarean delivery in the United States (22.8% in 1993) has remained stable since the mid-1980s after dramatic increases during the 1970s and early 1980s. The primary cesarean rate (16.3 cesareans in 1993 per 100 women with no history of previous cesarean delivery) Mas also stable from 1988 to 1993. During this same period, the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) doubled, from 12.6 to 25.4 percent. In both 1988 and 1993, rates of cesarean delivery were higher in the South than in other regions, for mothers 35 years or older than for younger women, for proprietary than for nonprofit or state and local government hospitals, and for women with private insurance than for women with Medicaid or self-pay as the expected source of payment. Even if VBAC rates continue to increase at the same rate as in the past, the Year 2000 goal of an overall cesarean rate of 15 percent cannot be met without reducing the primary cesarean rate by 50 percent.
RP CLARKE, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV VITAL STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 18
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142
SN 0730-7659
J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C
JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 2
BP 63
EP 67
DI 10.1111/j.1523-536X.1995.tb00561.x
PG 5
WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA RA972
UT WOS:A1995RA97200002
PM 7779224
ER
PT J
AU HEMINGWAY, J
LINDSAY, SW
SMALL, GJ
JAWARA, M
COLLINS, FH
AF HEMINGWAY, J
LINDSAY, SW
SMALL, GJ
JAWARA, M
COLLINS, FH
TI INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS IN INDIVIDUAL-SPECIES OF THE
ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) IN AN AREA OF THE GAMBIA
WHERE PYRETHROID IMPREGNATED BEDNETS ARE USED EXTENSIVELY FOR MALARIA
CONTROL
SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TREATED BED NETS; TARGETED CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CROSS-RESISTANCE; DDT
RESISTANCE; WEST-AFRICA; RURAL AREA; SRI-LANKA; MECHANISMS; CHILDREN;
STRAINS
AB Pyrethroid-impregnated bednets are being used nationwide in The Gambia. The future success of this malaria control programme depends partly on the vectors remaining susceptible to those insecticides used for treating the nets. The present study was carried out on the south bank of the river Gambia, during the first large scale trial of nets in this country. Thus this area represents a sentinel site for detecting insecticide resistance in local vectors. This study gives an example of how a system of early detection for resistance problems can be set up in a relatively complex situation where multiple vectors and non-vectors are present. Samples of the Anopheles gambiae complex were caught indoors using light traps in twelve villages used in the bednet study. In all villages A. gambiae sensu stricto Giles was the predominant member of the complex as determined using the rDNA-PCR diagnostic assay. Limited bioassays with DDT and permethrin, and biochemical assays for a range of insecticide resistance mechanisms suggest that the A. gambiae complex remains completely susceptible to all major classes of commonly used insecticides including pyrethroids. Biochemical assays suggest that a low frequency of: DDT resistance may occur in A. melas Theobald. This is based on elevated glutathione S-transferase levels coupled with increased levels of DDT metabolism and does not involve cross-resistance to pyrethroids. Therefore we do not envisage a decline in the efficacy of treated nets against malaria vectors in the study area in the immediate future, although monitoring should be continued whilst wide-scale use of impregnated bednets is operational.
C1 MRC, BANJUL, GAMBIA.
CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
RP HEMINGWAY, J (reprint author), UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF, DEPT PURE & APPL BIOL, POB 915, CARDIFF CF1 3TL, S GLAM, WALES.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 0007-4853
J9 B ENTOMOL RES
JI Bull. Entomol. Res.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 2
BP 229
EP 234
PG 6
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA TD339
UT WOS:A1995TD33900008
ER
PT J
AU Satcher, D
AF Satcher, D
TI Violence as a public health issue
SO BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID GUN OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; HOME; VICTIMIZATION; ASSAULTS; SUICIDE
AB Violence - homicides, suicides, injuries caused by youth or family acts - continues in the United States. Firearms are involved in most incidents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention addresses the problem using the traditional tools of public health: epidemiologic data, individual and societal interventions based on the data, and ongoing evaluations to assess the effects of the interventions and change them if necessary. Examples of interventions are presented.
RP Satcher, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MSD14,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 31
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 1
PU NEW YORK ACAD MEDICINE
PI NEW YORK
PA 1216 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10029
SN 0028-7091
J9 B NEW YORK ACAD MED
JI Bull. N. Y. Acad. med.
PD SUM
PY 1995
VL 72
IS 1
BP 46
EP 56
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA UH700
UT WOS:A1995UH70000005
PM 7581313
ER
PT J
AU ROTHMAN, N
STEWART, WF
PAUL, A
AF ROTHMAN, N
STEWART, WF
PAUL, A
TI INCORPORATING BIOMARKERS INTO CANCER-EPIDEMIOLOGY - A MATRIX OF
BIOMARKER AND STUDY DESIGN CATEGORIES
SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS; AFLATOXIN BIOMARKERS; BIOLOGIC MARKERS;
LUNG-CANCER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY;
BREAST-CANCER; P53 MUTATIONS; ISSUES; VALIDATION
AB During the last decade, there has been increasing interest in the use of biomarkers in cancer epidemiology to enhance exposure assessment, to gain insight into disease mechanism, and to understand acquired or inherited susceptibility. To facilitate the use of biomarkers in health research, biomarkers have been divided into categories that depict the spectrum of cancer pathogenesis from exposure to disease. In this paper, we consider the epidemiological designs most suitable for the study of each type of marker. In particular, we present a two-dimensional matrix relating the biomarker categories on one axis to four different types of activities (laboratory, transitional, and etiological studies and public health applications) that develop markers and apply them in human populations. We then use the matrix to review the potential application of biomarkers in observational studies of cancer etiology, discussing the advantages, disadvantages, and logistical considerations in using biomarkers to answer research questions.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
NIOSH,SCREENING & NOTIFIC SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
RP ROTHMAN, N (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,OCCUPAT STUDIES SECT,EPN 418,6130 EXECUT BLVD,MSC 7364,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA.
NR 70
TC 67
Z9 68
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W.,
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 1055-9965
J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR
JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 4
IS 4
BP 301
EP 311
PG 11
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RC372
UT WOS:A1995RC37200001
PM 7655323
ER
PT J
AU OBROIN, SD
KELLEHER, BP
GUNTER, E
AF OBROIN, SD
KELLEHER, BP
GUNTER, E
TI EVALUATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PRECISION IN THE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES
TAKEN FROM BLOOD SPOTS ON FILTER-PAPER
SO CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DRIED BLOOD SPOT; HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT
ID PHENYLALANINE
AB Dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have potential as a collection method in screening for haematinic deficiencies. Factors influencing the vo:lumetric precision of uniform 'centre' punches (6.35 mm diameter) removed from dried blood spots have been evaluated, The volume of blood in each DBS punch (n=234) was greatly influenced by both sample haematocrit (r=0.63) and haemoglobin concentration (r=0.63). The volume in identical punches (n=57) also differed significantly when measured independently using either I-125 human serum albumin or haemaglobin relative to the original blood sample. DBS punch volumes should be predetermined for individual batches of filter paper using the specific analyte of interest.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP OBROIN, SD (reprint author), ST JAMES HOSP,DEPT HAEMATOL,DUBLIN 8,IRELAND.
NR 7
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 9
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0141-9854
J9 CLIN LAB HAEMATOL
JI Clin. Lab. Haematol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 17
IS 2
BP 185
EP 188
PG 4
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA RT175
UT WOS:A1995RT17500014
PM 8536424
ER
PT J
AU KIMBERLY, MM
WAYMACK, PP
SMITH, SJ
AF KIMBERLY, MM
WAYMACK, PP
SMITH, SJ
TI EVALUATION OF FROZEN VS FRESH SERUM SAMPLES USING THE DESIGNATED
COMPARISON METHOD FOR HDL CHOLESTEROL IN THE CHOLESTEROL REFERENCE
METHOD LABORATORY NETWORK
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 6
SU S
BP S136
EP S136
PG 1
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA RD904
UT WOS:A1995RD90400455
ER
PT J
AU MACNEIL, ML
MUELLER, PW
STEINBERG, KK
SMITH, SJ
AF MACNEIL, ML
MUELLER, PW
STEINBERG, KK
SMITH, SJ
TI RELIABILITY OF IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMAL URINE ALBUMIN RESULTS FROM
VARIOUS LABORATORIES USING DIFFERENT QUANTITATIVE METHODS
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 6
SU S
BP S83
EP S84
PG 2
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA RD904
UT WOS:A1995RD90400224
ER
PT J
AU STEINDEL, SJ
HOWANITZ, PJ
AF STEINDEL, SJ
HOWANITZ, PJ
TI COMPARISON OF 1990 AND 1993 EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TURNAROUND TIMES - A
COLLEGE-OF-AMERICAN-PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES STUDY
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CDC, PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF, DIV LAB SYST, CHAMBLEE, GA 30341 USA.
UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 6
SU S
BP S211
EP S211
PG 1
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA RD904
UT WOS:A1995RD90400780
ER
PT J
AU WAYMACK, PP
ETHRIDGE, SF
MYERS, GL
AF WAYMACK, PP
ETHRIDGE, SF
MYERS, GL
TI COMPARISON OF A MAGNETICALLY SEPARATED HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN
CHOLESTEROL REAGENT TO THE HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL
REFERENCE METHOD
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 6
SU S
BP S140
EP S140
PG 1
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA RD904
UT WOS:A1995RD90400472
ER
PT J
AU JARVIS, WR
AF JARVIS, WR
TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS, WITH EMPHASIS ON CANDIDA
SPECIES
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID MANNAN ANTIGENEMIA; UNITED-STATES; ALBICANS; DISSEMINATION;
COLONIZATION; TROPICALIS; CANCER
AB Currently, about 180 hospitals participate in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system, From January 1980 through April 1990, 27,200 fungal isolates causing nosocomial infections were reported from these hospitals; Candida species accounted for 19,621 (72.1%) of these isolates, Immunocompromised patients are at particularly high risk for candidemia, In patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with vancomycin and/or imipenem appears to be an independent risk factor for candidemia; colonization of stool by Candida species may be another important predisposing factor in these patients. Rapid detection of invasive candidemia in these high-risk patients is particularly important to the improvement of rates of survival, Methods for rapid detection, such as the measurement of mannan (the major cell-wall polysaccharide of Candida), may be useful for diagnosing invasive candidiasis and for monitoring the response of this infection to antifungal therapy. Further studies of risk factors and the development of new methods for rapid diagnosis and monitoring should help decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial fungal infections.
RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 21
TC 401
Z9 430
U1 0
U2 10
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 6
BP 1526
EP 1530
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RD668
UT WOS:A1995RD66800011
PM 7548503
ER
PT J
AU CLEVELAND, KO
THRELKELD, MG
TENOVER, FC
LEGGIADRO, RJ
AF CLEVELAND, KO
THRELKELD, MG
TENOVER, FC
LEGGIADRO, RJ
TI DRUG-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS IN AN AMERICAN ADULT
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Letter
C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MED,MEMPHIS,TN 38104.
UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PEDIAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38104.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 6
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 6
BP 1572
EP 1573
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RD668
UT WOS:A1995RD66800030
PM 7548521
ER
PT J
AU AJELLO, GW
MATAR, GM
SWAMINATHAN, B
BIBB, WF
HELSEL, LO
PERKINS, BA
AF AJELLO, GW
MATAR, GM
SWAMINATHAN, B
BIBB, WF
HELSEL, LO
PERKINS, BA
TI A RAPID DOT IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETECTING THE BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER CLONE
OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS WITH A FLOW-THROUGH DEVICE
SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STRAINS
AB Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a highly fatal pediatric disease that may follow an episode of purulent conjunctivitis caused by a virulent clone of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae). Oral rifampin prophylaxis, by eliminating carriage of the BPF clone in children with conjunctivitis, may prevent onset of the systemic disease. A test to detect the BPF clone directly from eye swabs could identify those in need of prophylaxis. This is a preliminary report of a rapid dot immunoassay performed on a ''flow-through'' cartridge that was developed for use under field conditions. The test is based upon recognition of a unique epitope of the 25-kDa pilin protein on the surface of BPF clone cells by a monoclonal antibody. With 36 laboratory-maintained cultures of Hae (15 clone isolates and 21 others), sensitivity of the assay was 67% and specificity was 95%. When fimbrial-enriched (25-kDa+) phenotypes of five false-negative clone strains were prepared for use as test antigens, sensitivity rose to 100%. Evaluation of the immunoassay under field conditions is necessary to prove its efficacy.
RP AJELLO, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0343-8651
J9 CURR MICROBIOL
JI Curr. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 30
IS 6
BP 345
EP 349
DI 10.1007/BF00369861
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QW752
UT WOS:A1995QW75200004
PM 7773101
ER
PT J
AU FUNNELL, MM
HERMAN, WH
AF FUNNELL, MM
HERMAN, WH
TI DIABETES CARE POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN MICHIGAN NURSING-HOMES, 1991
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Note
ID CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MANAGEMENT; MELLITUS
AB OBJECTIVE - To describe local standards of care for nursing home patients with diabetes, to characterize the care that nursing home patients with diabetes receive in Michigan, and to determine if the care provided meets local and national standards.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In March 1991, a questionnaire was administered and chart reviews were conducted as part of the Medical Review and Nursing Evaluation conducted by the Michigan Department of Public Health. The questionnaire was completed by the head nurses at 17 skilled nursing homes to learn about local institutional standards of care. Chart reviews were conducted on a sample of five patients with diabetes from each nursing home to describe the care provided and to compare it with local and national standards.
RESULTS - Almost all nursing homes had some diabetes care orders or protocols. Standing orders were most often present to guide nutritional and nursing care (e.g., diet, blood glucose monitoring, foot care). Standing orders were less often present to guide medical care (e.g., blood glucose parameters to contact physician) and surveillance of complications (e.g., eye exams). In general, the care provided did not meet local or national standards for diabetes care. Care practices were closer to national standards when registered dietitians (RDs) participated in meal planning and written institutional policies existed.
CONCLUSIONS - In this sample of Michigan nursing homes, those with RDs and standing orders provided care more in keeping with guidelines. There is room for improvement in diabetes care practices in nursing homes. It may be time for diabetes-related organizations to re-examine standards for diabetes care in nursing homes.
C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA.
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5P60 DK-20572]
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 6
BP 862
EP 866
DI 10.2337/diacare.18.6.862
PG 5
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA RB510
UT WOS:A1995RB51000018
PM 7555515
ER
PT J
AU COHN, PD
KLOTZ, JB
BOVE, F
FAGLIANO, J
AF COHN, PD
KLOTZ, JB
BOVE, F
FAGLIANO, J
TI DRINKING-WATER AND LEUKEMIA - RESPONSE
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Letter
ID COHORT
C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA.
RP COHN, PD (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 103
IS 6
BP 540
EP 541
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA RW441
UT WOS:A1995RW44100005
ER
PT J
AU WARD, EM
FAJEN, JM
RUDER, AM
RINSKY, RA
HALPERIN, WE
FESSLERFLESCH, CA
AF WARD, EM
FAJEN, JM
RUDER, AM
RINSKY, RA
HALPERIN, WE
FESSLERFLESCH, CA
TI MORTALITY STUDY OF WORKERS IN 1,3-BUTADIENE PRODUCTION UNITS IDENTIFIED
FROM A CHEMICAL WORKERS COHORT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; CARCINOGENICITY; INDUSTRY; FACILITY; CANCER
AB The international Agency for Research on Cancer has given the designations of sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in experimental animals and limited evidence of carcinogenic effect in humans. To investigate the carcinogenic effect in humans, we conducted a cohort mortality study amount 364 men who were assigned to any of three 1,3-butadiene production units located within several chemical plants in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia, including 277 men employed in a U.S. Rubber Reserve Plant which operated during World War II. The butadiene production units included in this study were selected from an index developed by the Union Carbide Corporation, which listed for each chemical production unit within their South Charleston, West Virginia and Institute, West Virginia, plants all products, by-products, and reactants. Departments included in the study were those where butadiene was a primary product and neither benzene nor ethylene oxide was present. A total of 185 deaths were observed; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 91, reflecting lower mortality among the study population than the U.S. population. The study found a significantly elevated standarized mortality ratio (SMR) for lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma based on four observed cases (SMR - 577; 95% CI = 157 - 1480), which persisted in an analysis using county referent rates. An excess of lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma among all workers and among workers with routine exposure to 1,3-butadiene was also observed in the only other cohort of 1,3-butadiene production workers previously studied. A statistically nonsignificant excess of stomach cancer was observed in the overall cohort (n = 5; SMR = 243; 95% CI = 79 - 568) that was most pronounced among workers or most pronounced among workers employed in the rubber reserve plant for 2 or more years (n = 5; SMR = 657; CI = 213 - 1530). We conclude that the results of this study add to the weight of evidence suggesting that butadiene is carcinogenic in humans.
RP WARD, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012
OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664
NR 30
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 103
IS 6
BP 598
EP 603
DI 10.2307/3432437
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA RW441
UT WOS:A1995RW44100022
PM 7556014
ER
PT J
AU HENNESSY, M
MACQUEEN, KM
SEALS, B
AF HENNESSY, M
MACQUEEN, KM
SEALS, B
TI USING FACTORIAL SURVEYS FOR DESIGNING INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
SO EVALUATION REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; REGRESSION; JUDGMENTS;
PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; ISSUES; IMPACT; TIME; AIDS
AB This article reviews factorial surveys and highlights their utility in designing intervention programs. It then describes two instances in which factorial surveys were used to develop HIV/AIDS-related interventions: designing HIV vaccine trials that maximize participation and identifying optimal treatment regimes for HIV positive mothers and their babies to prevent perinatal HIV infection. We conclude that factorial survey applications of this kind have a great potential for use in the design (and redesign where necessary) of intervention programs.
C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425.
NR 52
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SAGE PUBL INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320
SN 0193-841X
J9 EVALUATION REV
JI Eval. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 3
BP 294
EP 312
DI 10.1177/0193841X9501900304
PG 19
WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA RA761
UT WOS:A1995RA76100004
ER
PT J
AU KELLAR, KL
HOOPER, WC
BENSON, JM
AF KELLAR, KL
HOOPER, WC
BENSON, JM
TI MEG-O1S CELLS HAVE RECEPTORS FOR AND RESPOND TO IL-3, IL-6, AND SCF
SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MEG-O1S; IL-3; IL-6; SCF; C-KIT
ID POSITIVE PHILADELPHIA-CHROMOSOME; PROTEIN-KINASE INHIBITORS;
COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; STEM-CELL; PROGENITOR CELLS; BONE-MARROW;
MEGAKARYOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; IN-VITRO; LINE; DIFFERENTIATION
AB An established megakaryoblastic cell line, MEG-Ols, was used to study receptor expression and receptor-mediated responses to factors known to affect megakaryocytopoiesis. In addition, the antigenic characteristics of this cell line were further defined. MEG-01s cells were CD34(+)CD33(+)CD38+/-HLA-DR(-) and expressed erythroid and granulocytic differentiation antigens as well as many megakaryocytic lineage-restricted antigens. These cells also expressed receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and stem cell factor (SCF), as measured by flow cytometry and/or RNA expression. MEG-01s cell proliferation or survival was only marginally influenced by these factors and their combinations. c-kit, the receptor for SCF, was downmodulated by its ligand. This modulation was time-dependent, appeared to involve receptor conformational changes, and became concentration-dependent by day 3. Northern blot analysis indicated that amounts of c-kit RNA increased as downmodulation proceeded. IL-3 induced IL-6 secretion in these cells, which was augmented by a protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitor, H7, and reduced by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Evidence for autocrine regulation of this cell line by IL-6 was demonstrated by the inhibitory effects of an antisense oligonucleotide on H-3-thymidine (H-3-TdR) incorporation. These cells should prove useful for studies of the early signal transduction mechanisms involved in cytokine function.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP KELLAR, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,MS D-34,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 39
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL COLTD
PI CHARLOTTESVILLE
PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903
SN 0301-472X
J9 EXP HEMATOL
JI Exp. Hematol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 23
IS 6
BP 557
EP 564
PG 8
WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA RA385
UT WOS:A1995RA38500012
PM 7539384
ER
PT J
AU BROTMAN, M
GIANNELLA, RA
ALM, PF
BAUMAN, H
BENNETT, AR
BLACK, RE
BRUHN, CM
COHEN, MB
GORBACH, SL
KAPER, JB
ROBERTS, MR
STANECK, JL
TAYLOR, S
TROUTT, HF
BELL, BP
BUCHANAN, RL
DURHAM, K
FENG, P
FORMAN, CT
GALLER, RG
GRAVANI, RB
HALL, RB
HANCOCK, DD
HOLLINGSWORTH, J
KARMALI, MA
KEUSCH, GT
MARSDEN, JL
OSTERHOLM, MT
REAGAN, JO
ROBERTS, T
SIEGLER, RL
SWERDLOW, DL
TARR, PI
COWMAN, GL
GOODFELLOW, SJ
GRIFFIN, PM
HALL, M
HAMILTON, F
HARRINGTON, RE
KARR, KJ
LANG, DR
MADDEN, JM
NORCROSS, MA
SAVAGE, K
SHANK, F
TAYLOR, DN
AF BROTMAN, M
GIANNELLA, RA
ALM, PF
BAUMAN, H
BENNETT, AR
BLACK, RE
BRUHN, CM
COHEN, MB
GORBACH, SL
KAPER, JB
ROBERTS, MR
STANECK, JL
TAYLOR, S
TROUTT, HF
BELL, BP
BUCHANAN, RL
DURHAM, K
FENG, P
FORMAN, CT
GALLER, RG
GRAVANI, RB
HALL, RB
HANCOCK, DD
HOLLINGSWORTH, J
KARMALI, MA
KEUSCH, GT
MARSDEN, JL
OSTERHOLM, MT
REAGAN, JO
ROBERTS, T
SIEGLER, RL
SWERDLOW, DL
TARR, PI
COWMAN, GL
GOODFELLOW, SJ
GRIFFIN, PM
HALL, M
HAMILTON, F
HARRINGTON, RE
KARR, KJ
LANG, DR
MADDEN, JM
NORCROSS, MA
SAVAGE, K
SHANK, F
TAYLOR, DN
TI CONSENSUS CONFERENCE STATEMENT - ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTIONS -
AN EMERGING NATIONAL-HEALTH CRISIS, JULY 11-13, 1994
SO GASTROENTEROLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; 0157-H7; TOXIN;
EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; DIARRHEA; CULTURES
AB This statement was prepared by a nonadvocate panel of experts based an (1) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the consensus questions during a 2-day public session, (2) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session, and (3) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second dat and the morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the American Gastroenterological Association, the American Gastroenterological Association Foundation (now known as the American Digestive Health Foundation) or the cosponsors listed at the end at this statement.
C1 CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267.
ALM CONSULTING SERV,SAN ANTONIO,TX.
FOX BENNETT & TURNER,WASHINGTON,DC.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD.
UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR CONSUMER RES,DAVIS,CA.
CHILDRENS HOSP,MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45229.
TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111.
UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201.
FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL.
UNIV CINCINNATI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CINCINNATI,OH.
UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583.
UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET CLIN MED,URBANA,IL 61801.
WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEATTLE,WA.
USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118.
US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,OFF CONSTITUENT OPERAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
FOREMAN & HEIDEPRIEM INC,WASHINGTON,DC.
LOIS JOY GALLER FDN HEMOLYT UREM SYNDROME INC,VALLEY STREAM,NY.
CORNELL UNIV,INST FOOD SCI,DEPT FOOD SCI,DIV FOOD SAFETY EXTENS,ITHACA,NY 14853.
US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
DEPT VET CLIN SCI,FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT,PULLMAN,WA.
USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA.
TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED & INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02111.
AMI FDN,AMER MEAT INST,ARLINGTON,VA.
MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS & EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN.
NATL LIVE STEOCK & MEAT BOARD,DEPT RES MEAT SCI,DIV PROD TECHNOL,CHICAGO,IL.
USDA,DIV ECON RES SERV,FOOD SAFETY & REGULAT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250.
UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEPHROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
UNIV WASHINGTON,CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GASTROENTEROL,SEATTLE,WA.
UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45267.
CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
NATL CATTLEMENS ASSOC,ENGLEWOOD,CO.
ABC RES CORP,DEPT MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
AMER GASTROENTEROL ASSOC FDN,BETHESDA,MD.
NIDDKD,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NATL RESTAURANT ASSOC,TECH SERV,WASHINGTON,DC.
NIAID,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
FOOD MKT INST,WASHINGTON,DC.
US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC.
NR 55
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 1
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0016-5085
J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY
JI Gastroenterology
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 108
IS 6
BP 1923
EP 1934
PG 12
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA RA378
UT WOS:A1995RA37800040
ER
PT J
AU ANDERSON, LA
FOGLER, J
DEDRICK, RF
AF ANDERSON, LA
FOGLER, J
DEDRICK, RF
TI RECRUITING FROM THE COMMUNITY - LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE DIABETES CARE
FOR OLDER ADULTS PROJECT
SO GERONTOLOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE HEALTH RESEARCH RECRUITMENT; CHRONIC CONDITIONS; ENROLLMENT
ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PARTICIPATION; PREVALENCE
AB Recruitment methods for enrolling community-based older adults into a study of intensive diabetes management are presented. Analysis of a three-step enrollment procedure revealed that persons who declined at the first step were slightly older and lived farther away from the study site than persons who continued in the enrollment process. Persons who declined cited distance from clinic, some aspect of the study protocol, or health/personal problems as major barriers to involvement. Recruitment strategies were compared, revealing that press releases and newspaper advertisements were the most effective strategies for recruiting eligible participants. Methods such as those described here should help to facilitate future recruitment efforts with community-based older adults.
C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,TUMOR GERIATR OUTPATIENT CLIN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT EDUC MEASUREMENT & RES,TAMPA,FL.
RP ANDERSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,POLICY & METHODS DEV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [2P6DDK20752]
NR 14
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006
SN 0016-9013
J9 GERONTOLOGIST
JI Gerontologist
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 35
IS 3
BP 395
EP 401
PG 7
WC Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA RY655
UT WOS:A1995RY65500013
PM 7622092
ER
PT J
AU QUINN, FD
WEYANT, RS
WORLEY, MJ
WHITE, EH
UTT, EA
ADES, EA
AF QUINN, FD
WEYANT, RS
WORLEY, MJ
WHITE, EH
UTT, EA
ADES, EA
TI HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL TISSUE-CULTURE CELL MODEL FOR STUDYING
PATHOGENESIS OF BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER
SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; PROTECTIVE
ACTIVITY; INVASION; STRAINS; BACTEREMIA; ADHERENCE; AUSTRALIA; ISOLATE
AB Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a fulminant pediatric disease characterized by fever, with rapid progression to purpura, hypotensive shock, and death. All known BPF eases have been caused by three clones of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius and have occurred in either Brazil or Australia. Using an immortalized line of human vascular endothelial cells, we developed an in vitro assay that identifies all known BPF-causing H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains (R. S. Weyant, F. D. Quinn, E. A. Utt, M. Worley, V. G. George, F. J. Candal, and E. W. Ades, J. Infect Dis. 169:430-433, 1994). With multiplicities of infection (MOIs) as low as one bacterium per 1,000 tissue culture cells, BPF-associated strains produce a unique cytotoxic effect in which the tissue culture cells detach and aggregate in large floating masses after 48 h of incubation. In this study, using a BPF-associated strain and a non-BPF-associated control, we demonstrated that strains which produce the cytotoxic phenotype were able to replicate intracellularly whereas non-BPF-associated strains, with MOIs of greater than or equal to 1,000 did not replicate and did not produce the phenotype. We also showed that this phenotype is not caused by the activity of an endotoxin or the release of some other compound from the bacterial cell, since neither gamma irradiation-killed whole BPF clone bacteria nor bacterial cell fractions at MOIs of >1,000 produced the cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, bacteria in numbers equal to MOIs of >1,000 treated with chloramphenicol did not produce the cytotoxic phenotype, suggesting a requirement for bacterial protein synthesis. In addition, viable bacteria separated from the tissue culture monolayer by a 0.2-mu m-pore-size membrane also failed to produce the phenotype. The ability of the bacterium to invade, replicate, and produce the phenotype appears to be primarily parasite directed since phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitors, including cycloheximide, cytochalasin D, and methylamine, had no effect on the ability of the bacterium to invade and cause a cytotoxic response. Understanding the basic mechanisms involved in this tissue-destructive process should enhance our knowledge of the general pathogenesis of BPF.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP QUINN, FD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0019-9567
J9 INFECT IMMUN
JI Infect. Immun.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 63
IS 6
BP 2317
EP 2322
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA RA191
UT WOS:A1995RA19100033
PM 7768615
ER
PT J
AU GAYNES, R
AF GAYNES, R
TI ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE IN ICUS - A MULTIFACETED PROBLEM REQUIRING A
MULTIFACETED SOLUTION
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SURVEILLANCE; TRENDS
RP GAYNES, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E55,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 21
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 1
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 6
BP 328
EP 330
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA RD883
UT WOS:A1995RD88300005
PM 7657983
ER
PT J
AU TOOLE, MJ
AF TOOLE, MJ
TI MASS POPULATION DISPLACEMENT - A GLOBAL PUBLIC-HEALTH CHALLENGE
SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID CIVIL-WAR; SOMALIA
AB Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a dramatic increase in civil conflicts resulting in approximately 50 million refugees and internally displaced civilians. The public health impact of these situations has been immense, comprising high rates of communicable diseases, elevated prevalence of acute malnutrition, and high excess mortality rates. The prevention of these adverse public health effects includes early warning and intervention; prompt supply of adequate food, water, and sanitation; measles immunization; effective management of epidemic communicable diseases; and simple and timely information systems.
RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP F03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 16
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 12
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0891-5520
J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM
JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 2
BP 353
EP 366
PG 14
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA RG039
UT WOS:A1995RG03900013
PM 7673672
ER
PT J
AU BENNETT, J
AZHAR, N
RAHIM, F
KAMIL, S
TRAVERSO, H
KILLGORE, G
BORING, J
AF BENNETT, J
AZHAR, N
RAHIM, F
KAMIL, S
TRAVERSO, H
KILLGORE, G
BORING, J
TI FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON GHEE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NEONATAL TETANUS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Background. Previous case-control studies of neonatal tetanus (NNT) in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan indicated that clarified butter (ghee) applied to the umbilical wound of newborns was a significant risk factor for NNT. However, the mechanisms underlying the risk remained undisclosed.
Methods. A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken to evaluate further ghee and other factors possibly associated with risk of NNT. Mothers of several recent ghee-associated cases were visited in their homes, asked to simulate the procedures used in preparing the ghee, and samples of ghee were collected for culture.
Results. Topical application of ghee to the umbilical wound was again shown to pose a significant risk for NNT. in-use contamination of ghee was documented as mothers repeatedly heated and manipulated samples of ghee set aside in special containers for this purpose. Ghee was usually applied to the umbilical wound of the baby several times each day for the first few days of life. Mothers of cases were again confirmed to be substantially more likely to report prior NNT cases than mothers of controls.
Conclusions. Educational interventions to reduce umbilical ghee use or to wash hands before each manipulation might reduce the risk of NNT in babies exposed to ghee who are born to non-immunized mothers. Increased efforts to immunize women of childbearing age with tetanus toroid are also needed, with special priority for mothers known to have been associated with a previous NNT case. Topical antibiotics should be further evaluated for protective effects in nonimmunized mothers.
C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
FATIMA JINNAH MED COLL,LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
MINIST HLTH,NW FRONTIER PROVINCE,PESHAWAR,PAKISTAN.
PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
RP BENNETT, J (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR,TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,1 COPENHILL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
NR 10
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 24
IS 3
BP 643
EP 647
DI 10.1093/ije/24.3.643
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RF212
UT WOS:A1995RF21200025
PM 7672909
ER
PT J
AU GRANT, KA
AF GRANT, KA
TI PSYCHOPHYSICAL AND EMG CORRELATES OF FORCE EXERTION IN MANUAL WORK -
RESPONSE
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS
LA English
DT Letter
RP GRANT, KA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-8141
J9 INT J IND ERGONOM
JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 6
BP 472
EP 472
PG 1
WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics
SC Engineering
GA RE488
UT WOS:A1995RE48800007
ER
PT J
AU YAJKO, DM
CHIN, DP
GONZALEZ, PC
NASSOS, PS
HOPEWELL, PC
REINGOLD, AL
HORSBURGH, CR
YAKRUS, MA
OSTROFF, SM
AF YAJKO, DM
CHIN, DP
GONZALEZ, PC
NASSOS, PS
HOPEWELL, PC
REINGOLD, AL
HORSBURGH, CR
YAKRUS, MA
OSTROFF, SM
TI MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX IN WATER, FOOD, AND SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED
FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS
SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX; ENVIRONMENT; WATER; SOIL; FOOD
ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA;
EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
INTRACELLULARE; AIDS; SCROFULACEUM; ACID
AB As part of an epidemiologic study of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in San Francisco, water, food and soil samples were collected from the home environment of 290 persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and cultured for mycobacteria. Isolates recovered from the environment were compared with isolates cultured from study patients. Although mycobacteria were recovered from numerous environmental samples, isolates reactive with MAC-specific DNA probes were recovered from only four of 528 (0.76%) water samples and one of 397 (0.25%) food samples. The species M. avium was recovered from one water (0.19%) and one food sample. In contrast, MAC was recovered from 55% and M. avium from 27% of soil samples taken from potted plants in patients' home, Speciation of 76 MAC isolates from study patients showed all isolates belonged to the species M. avium. With use of serotype and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis, some of the soil isolates were found to be similar to isolates recovered from study patients. The results of this study suggest that soil, rather than water, may be a significant reservoir of organisms causing MAC infection in San Francisco.
C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110.
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV PUBL HLTH BIOL & EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720.
US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA.
US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP YAJKO, DM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,CLIN LABS,ROOM 2M35,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94100, USA.
NR 34
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 1077-9450
J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND
JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol.
PD JUN 1
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 2
BP 176
EP 182
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QY963
UT WOS:A1995QY96300012
PM 7749796
ER
PT J
AU ALTEKRUSE, SF
TIMBO, BB
HEADRICK, ML
KLONTZ, KC
AF ALTEKRUSE, SF
TIMBO, BB
HEADRICK, ML
KLONTZ, KC
TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DIET AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR - RESULTS FROM THE 1992
RHODE-ISLAND BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEY
SO JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE DIET; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; SEAFOOD; DRINKING; SMOKING; EXERCISE
ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; ALCOHOL; CONSUMPTION; HABITS; PEOPLE
AB The 1992 Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to assess self-reported health behaviors of consumers of finfish and raw shellfish. We hypothesized that consumers of finfish, foods considered to be healthy, were more likely than nonconsumers of finfish to partake in health-promoting behaviors. Similarly, we postulated that consumers of raw molluscan shellfish, foods linked to an elevated risk of acquiring various illnesses, were more likely than nonconsumers of raw-shellfish to partake in risk-taking behaviors. Finfish eaters were significantly more likely than abstainers to report recent exercise, efforts to lose weight, periodic monitoring of serum cholesterol, and not currently being smokers. Raw shellfish eaters were significantly more likely than abstainers to report recent acute and chronic alcohol consumption. The results suggest that inquiry into dietary patterns may be an avenue for exploring other health behaviors.
RP ALTEKRUSE, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP A38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 19
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0160-7715
J9 J BEHAV MED
JI J. Behav. Med.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 3
BP 225
EP 232
DI 10.1007/BF01857870
PG 8
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA RC966
UT WOS:A1995RC96600001
PM 7674289
ER
PT J
AU LYON, B
DOLE, RM
AF LYON, B
DOLE, RM
TI A DIAGNOSTIC COMPARISON OF THE 1980 AND 1988 US SUMMER HEAT
WAVE-DROUGHTS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-AMERICAN DROUGHT; UNITED-STATES DROUGHT; STATIONARY WAVES;
BLOCKING EPISODE; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT PLAINS; GCM; SIMULATIONS;
TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION
AB Observational analyses are performed to examine the roles of remote and local forcing in the evolutions of the extreme U.S. summer heat wave-drought cases of 1980 and 1988. At early stages, both events are associated with anomalous stationary wave patterns. Wave activity flux analyses suggest that in the 1980 case anomalous wave activity propagates southeastward from an apparent source region to the south of the Aleutians. The flux pattern is more complex in the 1988 case but suggests two possible source regions, one over the central North Pacific to the north of the Hawaiian Islands and a second located over the far western Pacific. The 1988 analyses show no anomalous wave propagation out of the eastern tropical Pacific, although this result does not necessarily preclude a role for tropical forcing in generating the anomalous wave train.
In both cases the anomalous wave trains and associated wave activity fluxes become very weak by early July, indicating that remotely forced anomalous stationary waves are unlikely to account for the later stages of the heat wave-droughts. This leads us to examine whether these events were enhanced or prolonged by changes in the local surface energy budget associated with reductions in evapotranspiration (ET) over the drought regions, Water vapor budgets show a systematic decrease in monthly mean ET from June to August during both events. Comparisons with nondrought summers support the idea that by late summer ET rates in both events are anomalously low. Estimated reductions in surface latent heat fluxes relative to the control years are approximately 50 W m(-2) in 1980 and 20 W m(-2) in 1988, with implied increases in sensible heating of similar magnitudes.
Overall, the results indicate the importance of both dynamical forcing from remote sources and anomalous local boundary conditions in accounting for the two extreme heat wave-drought events. The relative importance of these factors varies significantly during the evolution of the events, with remote forcing playing a predominant role at early stages and anomalous local boundary conditions assuming increasing importance at later stages.
C1 NOAA, ERL, CDC, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT EARTH SCI, LOWELL, MA USA.
NR 50
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1658
EP 1675
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1658:ADCOTA>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA RE737
UT WOS:A1995RE73700014
ER
PT J
AU HINO, S
KATAMINE, S
MIYAMOTO, T
DOI, H
TSUJI, Y
YAMABE, T
KAPLAN, JE
RUDOLPH, DL
LAI, RB
AF HINO, S
KATAMINE, S
MIYAMOTO, T
DOI, H
TSUJI, Y
YAMABE, T
KAPLAN, JE
RUDOLPH, DL
LAI, RB
TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL ANTIBODIES TO THE EXTERNAL ENVELOPE
GLYCOPROTEIN AND VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS
TYPE-I - MATERNAL ANTI-ENV ANTIBODIES CORRELATE WITH PROTECTION IN
NON-BREAST-FED CHILDREN
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE HTLV-I; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY TITERS
ID HTLV-I; CARRIER MOTHERS; HIGH-RISK; EPITOPES; MILK; INFECTION;
IDENTIFICATION; INDUCTION; PROTEINS
AB Vertical transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) depends primarily on breast-feeding; substitution of bottle-feeding has reduced the transmission rate from 20% in breast-fed children to 3% among bottle-fed. To determine the correlates of transmission for long breast-feeding (greater than or equal to 6 mo), short breast-feeding (< 6 mo), and bottle-feeding mothers, the antibody titers of transmitter (T) mothers and non-transmitter (nT) mothers were analyzed by using synthetic and recombinant epitopes representing the immunodominant epitopes of gag (Gag1a, r24), env (Env1/5, MTA1, RE3), and tax (Tax8/22-24) proteins, Seroreactivity to gag and fax epitopes was not significantly different except for anti-r24 antibody titer, which was significantly higher among T-mothers (geometric mean 134) when compared with nT-mothers (62) in the long-feeding group (P < 0.001), Profiles of antibody titers against env epitopes were different, Within the long-feeding group, Env1/5, MTA1, and RE3 titers were significantly higher among T-mothers (258, 1,476, and 738, respectively) when compared with nT-mothers (106, 279, and 320, respectively) (P < 0.01 for all three epitopes), In contrast, within the bottle-feeding group, antibody titers to Env1/5 (269) and RE3 (418) among nT-mothers were significantly higher than those among T-mothers (80 and 113, respectively) (P < 0.01), These data confirm that high-titered anti-HTLV-I antibodies in the long-feeding group correlate with milkborne transmission of HTLV-I and, more importantly, imply that maternal anti-env antibodies may reduce the risk of non-milkborne infection.
C1 NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BACTERIOL,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN.
TOTTORI UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT VIROL,YONAGO,TOTTORI 683,JAPAN.
NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN.
NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN.
US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 31
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021
SN 0021-9738
J9 J CLIN INVEST
JI J. Clin. Invest.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 6
BP 2920
EP 2925
DI 10.1172/JCI117999
PG 6
WC Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Research & Experimental Medicine
GA RB212
UT WOS:A1995RB21200062
PM 7769134
ER
PT J
AU TEIXEIRA, LM
FACKLAM, RR
STEIGERWALT, AG
PIGOTT, NE
MERQUIOR, VLC
BRENNER, DJ
AF TEIXEIRA, LM
FACKLAM, RR
STEIGERWALT, AG
PIGOTT, NE
MERQUIOR, VLC
BRENNER, DJ
TI CORRELATION BETWEEN PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DNA RELATEDNESS
WITHIN ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM STRAINS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENUS ENTEROCOCCUS; UNITED-STATES; COMB-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS;
REV
AB We noted that a number of enterococcal strains isolated from human clinical specimens resembled Enterococcus faecium but were able to produce acid from glycerol, raffinose, and(or sorbitol, while others failed to form acid from mannitol, An additional concern was that many of these strains with atypical phenotypic characteristics also appeared to acquire vancomycin resistance, In order to determine if such atypical strains were variants of E. faecium or new Enterococcus species, 35 E. faecium or E. faecium-like strains (grouped into 10 phenotypes on the basis of the results of the following tests: capacity to form acid from glycerol, mannitol, raffinose, or sorbitol and susceptibility to vancomycin) and four strains of Enterococcus faecalis were taken from our culture collection, analyzed for their whole-cell protein profiles by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and identified to the species level by DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, All E. faecium-like strains, including four mannitol-negative variants, conformed to at least two of three DNA-DNA relatedness criteria: they were 70% or more related to the type strain of E,faecium at optimal conditions, they had less than 5% divergence within the related sequences, and they had a relatedness of 60% or greater under stringent conditions, The protein profiles of atypical strains were similar to those of typical strains and were easily distinguishable from those of E. faecalis and other enterococcal species, The five E. faecalis strains were 12 to 16% related to the E. faecium type strain, These results indicate that the phenotypic description of E, faecium should include all of these variable characteristics.
C1 UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL.
RP TEIXEIRA, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH MSCO2,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Merquior, Vania/D-6399-2013
NR 15
TC 48
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 6
BP 1520
EP 1523
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QZ723
UT WOS:A1995QZ72300017
PM 7650178
ER
PT J
AU TENOVER, FC
SWENSON, JM
OHARA, CM
STOCKER, SA
AF TENOVER, FC
SWENSON, JM
OHARA, CM
STOCKER, SA
TI ABILITY OF COMMERCIAL AND REFERENCE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
METHODS TO DETECT VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE IN ENTEROCOCCI
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB We evaluated the abilities of 10 commercially available antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and four reference methods (agar dilution, broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and the agar screen plate) to classify enterococci correctly as vancomycin susceptible or resistant using 50 well-characterized strains of enterococci. There was a high level of agreement of category classification data obtained with broth-based systems (Sceptor, MicroMedia, Pasco, and Sensititre), agar dilution, and an antibiotic gradient method (E test) with data obtained by reference broth microdilution; no very major or major errors were seen, and minor errors were less than or equal to 6%. Increased minor error rates were observed with disk diffusion (12%), Alamar (16%), Uniscept (16%), and conventional (overnight) MicroScan panels (16%). The errors were primarily with Enterococcus casseliflavus strains and organisms containing the vanB vancomycin resistance gene, Very major error rates of 10.3 and 20.7% were observed with Vitek and MicroScan Rapid (MS/Rapid) systems, respectively; however, only the MS/Rapid system produced major errors (13.3%). On repeat testing of discrepant isolates, the very major error rate with the Vitek system dropped to 3.4%, while the very major error rate with the MS/Rapid system increased to 27.6%; major errors with the MS/Rapid system were not resolved. Many of the commercial systems had only 4 dilutions of vancomycin, which resulted in up to 84% of values being off scale (e.g., Uniscept), Of the methods tested, most conventional broth- and agar-based methods proved to be highly accurate when incubation was done for a full 24 h, although several of the tests had high minor error rates, Automated systems continued to demonstrate problems in detecting low-level resistance.
RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 15
TC 82
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 6
BP 1524
EP 1527
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QZ723
UT WOS:A1995QZ72300018
PM 7650179
ER
PT J
AU WALLACE, RJ
BROWN, BA
BLACKLOCK, Z
ULRICH, R
JOST, K
BROWN, JM
MCNEIL, MM
ONYI, G
STEINGRUBE, VA
GIBSON, J
AF WALLACE, RJ
BROWN, BA
BLACKLOCK, Z
ULRICH, R
JOST, K
BROWN, JM
MCNEIL, MM
ONYI, G
STEINGRUBE, VA
GIBSON, J
TI NEW NOCARDIA TAXON AMONG ISOLATES OF NOCARDIA-BRASILIENSIS ASSOCIATED
WITH INVASIVE DISEASE
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLAVULANIC ACID; BETA-LACTAMASE;
UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MYCOBACTERIA; INFECTIONS;
RESISTANCE; ASTEROIDES
AB Nocardia brasiliensis, the second most frequently isolated aerobic actinomycete in the clinical laboratory, is usually associated with localized cutaneous infections. However, 22% of 238 N. brasiliensis isolates from the United States and 12% of 66 isolates from Queensland, Australia, which had been collected over a 17-year period, were associated with extracutaneous and/or disseminated diseases, Of the 62 invasive isolates, 37 (60%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and/or were susceptible to clarithromycin and resistant to minocycline, compared with only 6 (3%) of 242 localized cutaneous isolates, The 43 isolates with this susceptibility pattern appeared to define a new taxon, They were similar to Nocardia asteroides complex isolates clinically in proportions from persons with pulmonary (70%), central nervous system (23%), and/or disseminated diseases (37%) in the setting of corticosteroids (74%) or AIDS (14%), This putative new taxon differed from N, brasiliensis in the hydrolysis of adenine (92 versus 4%), beta-lactamase patterns on isoelectric focusing, and the presence of two early mycolic acid-ester peaks by high-performance liquid chromatography, Restriction analysis of a 439-bp fragment of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene revealed that N, brasiliensis and the new taxon had different restriction patterns with 8 of the 11 enzymes tested, Screening of invasive isolates of N. brasiliensis for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin will identify most isolates of the new taxon, which likely represents a new Nocardia species.
C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX.
QUEENSLAND STATE HLTH LABS,MYCOBACTERIOL LAB,BRISBANE,QLD,AUSTRALIA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP WALLACE, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,NOCARDIA MYCOBACTERIA RES LAB,POB 2003,TYLER,TX 75710, USA.
NR 27
TC 58
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 6
BP 1528
EP 1533
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QZ723
UT WOS:A1995QZ72300019
PM 7650180
ER
PT J
AU VANBELKUM, A
KLUYTMANS, J
VANLEEUWEN, W
BAX, R
QUINT, W
PETERS, E
FLUIT, A
VANDENBROUCKEGRAULS, C
VANDENBRULE, A
KOELEMAN, H
MELCHERS, W
MEIS, J
ELAICHOUNI, A
VANEECHOUTTE, M
MOONENS, F
MAES, N
STRUELENS, M
TENOVER, F
VERBRUGH, H
AF VANBELKUM, A
KLUYTMANS, J
VANLEEUWEN, W
BAX, R
QUINT, W
PETERS, E
FLUIT, A
VANDENBROUCKEGRAULS, C
VANDENBRULE, A
KOELEMAN, H
MELCHERS, W
MEIS, J
ELAICHOUNI, A
VANEECHOUTTE, M
MOONENS, F
MAES, N
STRUELENS, M
TENOVER, F
VERBRUGH, H
TI MULTICENTER EVALUATION OF ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR FOR TYPING OF
STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS STRAINS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS
AB Fifty-nine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and a single strain of Staphylococcus intermedius were typed by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). To study reproducibility and discriminatory abilities, AP-PCR was carried out in seven laboratories with a standardized amplification protocol, template DNA isolated Tn a single institution, and a common set of three primers with different resolving powers. The 60 strains could be divided into 16 to 30 different genetic types, depending on the laboratory. This difference in resolution was due to differences in technical procedures (as shown by the deliberate introduction of experimental variables) and/or the interpretation of the DNA fingerprints. However, this did not hamper the epidemiologically correct clustering of related strains. The average number of different genotypes identified exceeded those of the more traditional typing strategies (F. C. Tenover, R. Arbeit, G. Archer, J. Biddle, S. Byrne, R. Goering, G. Hancock, G. A. Hebert, B. Hill, R. Hollis, W. R. Jarvis, B. Kreiswirth, W. Eisner, J. Maslow, L. K. McDougal, J. M; Miller, M. Mulligan, and M. A. Pfaller, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:407-415, 1994). Comparison of AP-PCR with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated the existence of strains with constant PFGE types but variable AP-PCR types. The reverse (constant AP-PCR and variable PFGE patterns) was also observed. This indicates additional resolution for combined analyses. It is concluded that AP-PCR is well suited for genetic analysis and monitoring of nosocomial spreading of staphylococci. The interlaboratory reproducibility of DNA-banding patterns and the intralaboratory standardization need improvement.
C1 SSDZ,CTR DIAGNOST,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,2600 GA DELFT,NETHERLANDS.
UNIV UTRECHT HOSP,EIJKMAN WINKLER INST MED & CLIN MICROBIOL,3508 GA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS.
U GENE RES BV,3584 CJ UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS.
FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS.
UNIV NIJMEGEN HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,6500 HB NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS.
STATE UNIV GHENT HOSP,DEPT BIOL CLIN,B-9000 GHENT,BELGIUM.
HOP ERASME,UNITE EPIDEMIOL,B-1070 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP VANBELKUM, A (reprint author), UNIV HOSP DIJKZIGT,DEPT BACTERIOL,DR MOLEWATERPLEIN 40,3015 GD ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS.
RI Vaneechoutte, Mario/A-6189-2009; Meis, Jacques/A-9241-2010; Melchers,
Willem/C-8819-2015
OI Meis, Jacques/0000-0003-3253-6080; Melchers, Willem/0000-0002-5446-2230
NR 31
TC 204
Z9 211
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 6
BP 1537
EP 1547
PG 11
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QZ723
UT WOS:A1995QZ72300021
PM 7650182
ER
PT J
AU LIN, DM
LEHMANN, PF
HAMORY, BH
PADHYE, AA
DURRY, E
PINNER, RW
LASKER, BA
AF LIN, DM
LEHMANN, PF
HAMORY, BH
PADHYE, AA
DURRY, E
PINNER, RW
LASKER, BA
TI COMPARISON OF 3 TYPING METHODS FOR CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATES
OF ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS;
FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ARBITRARY
PRIMERS; CANDIDA; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MARKERS; SYSTEMS
AB To evaluate procedures used for epidemiologic analysis of outbreaks of aspergillosis, we analyzed a collection of 35 Aspergillus fumigatus isolates using three typing methods: isoenzyme analysis (IEA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). Twenty-one isolates were from a single hospital, with four isolates coming from different patients. Three clinical isolates came from a different hospital, and 11 clinical or environmental isolates were derived from a culture collection. With IEA, the patterns of alkaline phosphatase, esterase, and catalase discriminated nine types. In contrast, 22 types were obtained with five different RAPD primers, and 21 types could be detected with three of these (R108, R151, and UBC90). Restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA, digested with either XbaI, XhoI, or SalI, detected 3, 17, and 13 different REA types, respectively, and 22 types were identified by combining the data from the XhoI and SalI REAs. Twenty-eight types were obtainable with a combination of REA, IEA, and RAPD patterns. Overall, the results pointed to substantial genetic variation among the isolates. Though two isolates had markedly distinct genotypes, their morphologic features and exoantigens were consistent with their being A. fumigatus. The analysis will help in planning epidemiologic studies of aspergillosis.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
MED COLL OHIO,DEPT MICROBIOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699.
PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,CTR HOSP ADM,HERSHEY,PA 17033.
NR 32
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 6
BP 1596
EP 1601
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QZ723
UT WOS:A1995QZ72300033
PM 7650194
ER
PT J
AU KLIMOV, AI
EGOROV, AY
GUSHCHINA, MI
MEDVEDEVA, TE
GAMBLE, WC
RUDENKO, LG
ALEXANDROVA, GI
COX, NJ
AF KLIMOV, AI
EGOROV, AY
GUSHCHINA, MI
MEDVEDEVA, TE
GAMBLE, WC
RUDENKO, LG
ALEXANDROVA, GI
COX, NJ
TI GENETIC STABILITY OF COLD-ADAPTED A/LENINGRAD/134/47/57 (H2N2)
INFLUENZA-VIRUS - SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF LIVE COLD-ADAPTED REASSORTANT
VACCINE STRAINS BEFORE AND AFTER REPLICATION IN CHILDREN
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATTENUATED INFLUENZA; AVIAN-HUMAN; RECOMBINANTS
AB We previously reported that the A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) cold-adapted virus (A/Len/47) used in preparing reassortant live attenuated vaccines for children acquired 14 (11 coding) mutations in genes coding for proteins other than haemagglutinin and neuraminidase during cold-adaptation. Preservation of these mutations in genomes of viruses isolated from children on the second, fifth, or eighth day after vaccination was examined by sequence analysis. The sequence data demonstrated that all nine coding mutations selected for examination were conserved in the genomes of all 11 strains investigated, indicating that the mutations accompanying cold-adaptation and attenuation of the A/Len/47 master vaccine are highly stable.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH G16,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,VIRAL PREPARAT RES INST,MOSCOW 109088,RUSSIA.
RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,EXPTL MED RES INST,ST PETERSBURG 197022,RUSSIA.
OI Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959
NR 12
TC 23
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 76
BP 1521
EP 1525
DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-6-1521
PN 6
PG 5
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA RC685
UT WOS:A1995RC68500025
PM 7782782
ER
PT J
AU UDHAYAKUMAR, V
ANYONA, D
KARIUKI, S
SHI, YP
BLOLAND, PB
BRANCH, OH
WEISS, W
NAHLEN, BL
KASLOW, DC
LAL, AA
AF UDHAYAKUMAR, V
ANYONA, D
KARIUKI, S
SHI, YP
BLOLAND, PB
BRANCH, OH
WEISS, W
NAHLEN, BL
KASLOW, DC
LAL, AA
TI IDENTIFICATION OF T-CELL AND B-CELL EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY HUMANS IN THE
C-TERMINAL 42-KDA DOMAIN OF THE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MEROZOITE SURFACE
PROTEIN (MSP)-1
SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INHIBIT PARASITE GROWTH; AOTUS MONKEYS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN;
ANTIGEN GENE; BLOOD STAGES; MALARIA; ANTIBODIES; RECOMBINANT;
IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY
AB The 42-kDa, C-terminal region of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a putative malaria vaccine candidate Ag. Nine synthetic peptides corresponding to predicted T cell sites of MSP-1 in blocks 15 and 16 and eight overlapping peptides representing the conserved block 17 were used to identify naturally immunogenic epitopes. These peptides were tested for their ability to induce proliferation of PBMC from residents in western Kenya, where malaria transmission is holoendemic. Six peptides (PL145, PL146, PL147, PL148, PL149, and PL150) from blocks 15 and 16 induced a positive proliferative response in >30% of the individuals tested, and three peptides (PL151, PL152, and PL153) induced a proliferative response in <25% of the donors. Among these peptides, PL146 was from the highly conserved region, PL150 was from a polymorphic region, and all other peptides were from a dimorphic region of blocks 15 and 16. In block 17, only three peptides, PL99, PL100, and PL103, induced proliferation in 30 to 37% of the volunteers. The rest of the peptides induced a proliferative response in approximately 13 to 25% of the donors. The plasma from these donors widely reacted with different allelic forms of 19-kDa recombinant proteins representing block 17 and recognized at least two linear B epitopes, PL104 and PL97. In summary, this study revealed that a majority of immunodominant T and B epitopes are localized in the conserved or dimorphic regions that are nonpolymorphic in the 42-kDa protein of MSP-1. This study suggests that incorporation of T epitopes from the dimorphic blocks 15 and 16 in a vaccine construct may be useful to ensure Ag-specific memory responses.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,KISSIAN,KENYA.
NIAID,MALARIA RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
RP UDHAYAKUMAR, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-12,4770 BUFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 28
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-1767
J9 J IMMUNOL
JI J. Immunol.
PD JUN 1
PY 1995
VL 154
IS 11
BP 6022
EP 6030
PG 9
WC Immunology
SC Immunology
GA RB197
UT WOS:A1995RB19700045
PM 7538540
ER
PT J
AU MULDERS, MN
LIPSKAYA, GY
VANDERAVOORT, HGAM
KOOPMANS, MPG
KEW, OM
VANLOON, AM
AF MULDERS, MN
LIPSKAYA, GY
VANDERAVOORT, HGAM
KOOPMANS, MPG
KEW, OM
VANLOON, AM
TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF WILD POLIOVIRUS TYPE-1 IN EUROPE, THE
MIDDLE-EAST, AND THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AQUATICUS
DNA-POLYMERASE; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES;
CLINICAL-SAMPLES; DIFFERENTIATION; FIDELITY; IDENTIFICATION;
PICORNAVIRUSES
AB The genomic relationships of wild poliovirus type 1 strains recently isolated in Europe, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent was analyzed by automated amplicon sequencing of the VP1/2A junction region of the genome. four major genotypes of poliovirus type I were found to circulate. Two genotypes were found predominantly in Eastern Europe, one of these in the Caucasian Region and the other in countries bordering the Black Sea. A third genotype circulated mainly in Egypt. The fourth and largest genotype circulated in the largest geographic area. Strains belonging to this genotype could be found in countries as far apart as Malaysia and Ukraine. Considerable genetic variation was observed among strains isolated in Egypt, Pakistan, and India, where poliovirus is endemic. Strains belonging to all four genotypes circulated in Pakistan. Data confirm the extent of poliovirus circulation in certain regions, stressing the need for intensification of vaccination in these regions.
C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,AN BELOZERSKY LAB MOLEC BIOL & BIOORGAN CHEM,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP MULDERS, MN (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES POLIOMYELITIS,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS.
NR 46
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 6
BP 1399
EP 1405
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RB298
UT WOS:A1995RB29800002
PM 7769273
ER
PT J
AU REICHLER, MR
RAKOVSKY, J
SOBOTOVA, A
SLACIKOVA, M
HLAVACOVA, B
HILL, B
KRAJCIKOVA, L
TARINA, P
FACKLAM, RR
BREIMAN, RF
AF REICHLER, MR
RAKOVSKY, J
SOBOTOVA, A
SLACIKOVA, M
HLAVACOVA, B
HILL, B
KRAJCIKOVA, L
TARINA, P
FACKLAM, RR
BREIMAN, RF
TI MULTIPLE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF PNEUMOCOCCI IN CHILDREN WITH
OTITIS-MEDIA, BACTEREMIA, AND MENINGITIS IN SLOVAKIA
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN; ANTIBIOTICS;
SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; THERAPY; HUNGARY; DISEASE; ADULTS
AB Penicillin-resistant pneumococci have been isolated from middle ear fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and nasopharyngeal secretions of several hundred children in Slovakia since 1985; 116 of these isolates were serotyped and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To define the prevalence of drug-resistant pneumococci and identify risk factors for infection, laboratory and medical records were reviewed. Nearly all (96%) of the resistant strains tested were serotype 14. Of these, all were resistant to penicillin (MIC, 4-16 mu g/mL); most were resistant to cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol; and many had decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone. Frequent antibiotic use, prior hospitalization, and length of hospital stay (P < .001 for all 3) were associated with infection with resistant strains. These findings suggest the need for routine screening of pneumococcal isolates for penicillin resistance and highlight the importance of controlling globally the spread of resistant pneumococci.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NATL INST HYG & EPIDEMIOL,BRATISLAVA,SLOVAKIA.
NR 42
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 6
BP 1491
EP 1496
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RB298
UT WOS:A1995RB29800014
PM 7769283
ER
PT J
AU DOWELL, SF
GROVES, C
KIRKLAND, KB
CICIRELLO, HG
ANDO, T
JIN, Q
GENTSCH, JR
MONROE, SS
HUMPHREY, CD
SLEMP, C
DWYER, DM
MERIWETHER, RA
GLASS, RI
AF DOWELL, SF
GROVES, C
KIRKLAND, KB
CICIRELLO, HG
ANDO, T
JIN, Q
GENTSCH, JR
MONROE, SS
HUMPHREY, CD
SLEMP, C
DWYER, DM
MERIWETHER, RA
GLASS, RI
TI A MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF OYSTER-ASSOCIATED GASTROENTERITIS -
IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERSTATE TRACING OF CONTAMINATED SHELLFISH
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORWALK VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; AUSTRALIA; ANTIBODY
AB In November 1993, clusters of gastroenteritis in six states following oyster consumption were investigated to identify common features, and stool samples were obtained to identify a pathogen, Efforts were made to account for all potentially contaminated .oysters using harvest tags and the interstate recall system. Consumption of oysters was associated with illness in 10 clusters; no other food was implicated. A Norwalk-like virus was detected by electron microscopy in 9 of 18 samples and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 20 of 26 samples from 6 clusters. Nucleotide sequences of a 123-bp fragment from all specimens were identical, consistent with a common source outbreak. Implicated oysters were harvested from the Louisiana coast between 9 and 12 November. Although some were recalled and destroyed, most oysters harvested from the area during this time remain unaccounted for. Current regulations and commercial practices need to be revised to permit thorough tracing and recall of contaminated oysters and to improve control of future epidemics.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611.
DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD.
OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X
NR 26
TC 93
Z9 100
U1 1
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 6
BP 1497
EP 1503
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RB298
UT WOS:A1995RB29800015
PM 7769284
ER
PT J
AU ROSENTHAL, S
STREBEL, P
CASSIDAY, P
SANDEN, G
BRUSUELAS, K
WHARTON, M
AF ROSENTHAL, S
STREBEL, P
CASSIDAY, P
SANDEN, G
BRUSUELAS, K
WHARTON, M
TI PERTUSSIS INFECTION AMONG ADULTS DURING THE 1993 OUTBREAK IN CHICAGO
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; FACILITY; COMMUNITY; VACCINE
AB To evaluate the role of adults in the transmission of pertussis during an epidemic, persons presenting with unexplained cough to ambulatory care clinics were evaluated for evidence of pertussis infection, Nasopharyngeal specimens for culture and serum samples for IgG and Ig;A antibodies to filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin antigens of Bordetella pertussis were obtained, Thirty-eight adults were enrolled in the study; 10 (26%) had serologic evidence of B. pertussis infection, Clinical findings were not significantly different among persons with and without evidence of pertussis infection, Pertussis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent cough in all age groups, Future use of new acellular pertussis vaccines in adults may substantially impact the control of the infection.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL.
RP ROSENTHAL, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MS E61,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 17
TC 66
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 6
BP 1650
EP 1652
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RB298
UT WOS:A1995RB29800043
PM 7769311
ER
PT J
AU CLEMENS, J
ALBERT, MJ
RAO, M
QADRI, F
HUDA, S
KAY, B
VANLOON, FPL
SACK, D
PRADHAN, BA
SACK, RB
AF CLEMENS, J
ALBERT, MJ
RAO, M
QADRI, F
HUDA, S
KAY, B
VANLOON, FPL
SACK, D
PRADHAN, BA
SACK, RB
TI IMPACT OF INFECTION BY HELICOBACTER-PYLORI ON THE RISK AND SEVERITY OF
ENDEMIC CHOLERA
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; FIELD TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; BANGLADESH; GASTRITIS;
VACCINES
AB To evaluate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the subsequent risk and severity of endemic Vit,rio cholerae O1 diarrhea among rural Bangladeshis, 285 children and adults with cholera (cases) and 881 contemporaneously selected community controls were studied. Cases and controls were contrasted for H, pylori infection, as manifested by serum IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies, Although the overall risk of cholera was not significantly increased among H. pylori-infected subjects, the risk of cholera of life-threatening severity was signifi::cantly elevated (relative risk [RR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-2.42), A significant increase in the risk of severe cholera was seen in subjects who lacked natural serum vibriocidal antibodies (RR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.28-6.48) but not in those with such antibodies. Thus, H. pylori infection was associated with a significant increase in the risk of life-threatening cholera, but only among persons lacking natural vibriocidal immunity.
C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH.
UNIV MARYLAND,CTR BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
RP CLEMENS, J (reprint author), NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,6100 EXECUT BLVD,ROOM 7B03,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA.
NR 15
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 2
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 6
BP 1653
EP 1656
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RB298
UT WOS:A1995RB29800044
PM 7769312
ER
PT J
AU STANDAERT, SM
SCHAFFNER, W
GALGIANI, JN
PINNER, RW
KAUFMAN, L
DURRY, E
HUTCHESON, RH
AF STANDAERT, SM
SCHAFFNER, W
GALGIANI, JN
PINNER, RW
KAUFMAN, L
DURRY, E
HUTCHESON, RH
TI COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AMONG VISITORS TO A COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS-ENDEMIC AREA
- AN OUTBREAK IN A MILITARY RESERVE UNIT
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
AB An outbreak of coccidioidomycosis occurred in a US Marine reserve unit based in Tennessee after a 3-week training exercise in California that involved substantial exposure to soil and dust. Interviews and serologic testing were done on three occasions (6, 11, and 15 weeks) after the men returned from California, and spherulin skin tests were done at 6 months. Of 27 men, 8 (30%;,) had evidence of recent coccidioidal infection. Of these, 7 (88%) had an illness consistent with coccidioidomycosis that, despite medical evaluation, was diagnosed incorrectly in 5 men (71%). Diagnosis of coccidioidal pneumonia outside an area in which Coccidioides immitis is endemic is unlikely unless the health care provider is aware that the patient traveled recently, Detection of coccidioidomycosis could be facilitated if organizations that regularly send people to C. immitis-endemic regions were to inform these persons about the risks of infection.
C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232.
NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA.
NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,VACCINE SAFETY ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA.
TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN.
VET ADM MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ.
UNIV ARIZONA,COLL MED,TUCSON,AZ.
NR 15
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 6
BP 1672
EP 1675
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RB298
UT WOS:A1995RB29800049
PM 7769316
ER
PT J
AU BARZILAI, A
SCHULMAN, S
KARETNYI, YV
FAVOROV, MO
LEVIN, E
MENDELSON, E
WEISS, P
FIELDS, HA
VARON, D
MARTINOWITZ, U
AF BARZILAI, A
SCHULMAN, S
KARETNYI, YV
FAVOROV, MO
LEVIN, E
MENDELSON, E
WEISS, P
FIELDS, HA
VARON, D
MARTINOWITZ, U
TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION IN HEMOPHILIACS
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HEV; HEMOPHILIA; SEROLOGY; BLOOD PRODUCTS
ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; CHILDREN; ASSAY
AB Israel is endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis. Transmission is via the feco-oral route but the possibility of transmission through blood transfusion has been raised. This question was addressed by examining sera from 188 hemophilic patients in Israel. screening was performed with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody against hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) and confirmed with a neutralization test. Sixteen patients (9%) were seropositive for anti-HEV. A statistically significant difference was not found between the seroprevalence in this group and that of a healthy Israeli control population, matched for sex and age. The anti-HEV-seropositive hemophiliacs had the same seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B and C virus and to HIV and the same number of cases with chronic hepatitis as among the anti-HEV-seronegative patients. The seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was, on the other hand, higher in the anti-HEV-seropositive group. This study indicates that HEV is not transmitted by cryoprecipitate or lyophilized factor concentrates. High prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis A supports our conclusion that HEV infection in Israeli hemophiliacs was due mainly to feco-oral transmission. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,NATL HEMOPHILIA CTR,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,CENT VIROL LAB,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,LIVER UNIT,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 12
TC 23
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0146-6615
J9 J MED VIROL
JI J. Med. Virol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 46
IS 2
BP 153
EP 156
DI 10.1002/jmv.1890460213
PG 4
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA RA828
UT WOS:A1995RA82800012
PM 7636504
ER
PT J
AU COATES, RJ
SERDULA, MK
BYERS, T
MOKDAD, A
JEWELL, S
LEONARD, SB
RITENBAUGH, C
NEWCOMB, P
MARESPERLMAN, J
CHAVEZ, N
BLOCK, G
AF COATES, RJ
SERDULA, MK
BYERS, T
MOKDAD, A
JEWELL, S
LEONARD, SB
RITENBAUGH, C
NEWCOMB, P
MARESPERLMAN, J
CHAVEZ, N
BLOCK, G
TI A BRIEF, TELEPHONE-ADMINISTERED FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE CAN BE
USEFUL FOR SURVEILLANCE OF DIETARY-FAT INTAKES
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE HUMANS; SURVEILLANCE; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FATS
ID REPRODUCIBILITY; VALIDATION; VALIDITY; RECORDS; CONSUMPTION; DESIGN;
WOMEN
AB A 13-item questionnaire designed for quick telephone administration was evaluated for use in surveillance of fat intake in the United States. Study: populations included 560 middle-aged and older adults from Beaver Dam, WI, 252 middle-aged and older women from Wisconsin, 73 young, low income Hispanic women from Chicago, IL, 52 older adults from Arizona and 135 younger adults from Augusta, GA. Correlations between fat scores and fat intakes measured by multiple food records or recalls or by more extensive food frequency questionnaires ranged from 0.33 to 0.60, similar to results from other published questionnaire validation studies. Correlations with percentage of energy from fat were lower (0.26 to 0.42), except for the Chicago population, for which there was no correlation (-0.02). There was no systematic variation in correlations among other subgroups defined by demographic and health-related characteristics, including race (black vs. white). Most, but not all, of the substantial differences in fat intakes among subgroups were identified by the questionnaire. The questionnaire will not capture small differences in intakes among groups and is inappropriate when the sample size is limited or for populations with diets substantially different from the typical U.S. diets, such as the Chicago population. However, with attention to its limitations, the questionnaire is useful for surveillance.
C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT MED,AUGUSTA,GA 30912.
UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,TUCSON,AZ 85724.
UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,MADISON,WI 53706.
UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR CLIN SCI,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,MADISON,WI 53706.
UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612.
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720.
RP COATES, RJ (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010
NR 26
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 125
IS 6
BP 1473
EP 1483
PG 11
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA RC958
UT WOS:A1995RC95800009
PM 7782900
ER
PT J
AU TROUT, D
GOMEZ, TM
BERNARD, BP
MUELLER, CA
SMITH, CG
HUNTER, L
KIEFER, M
AF TROUT, D
GOMEZ, TM
BERNARD, BP
MUELLER, CA
SMITH, CG
HUNTER, L
KIEFER, M
TI OUTBREAK OF BRUCELLOSIS AT A UNITED-STATES PORK PACKING PLANT
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID ABATTOIR-ASSOCIATED DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; MELITENSIS
AB In 1992, the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources received 18 case reports of brucellosis from a county health department. All patients had potential exposure to the hill floor of one pork processing plant. A subsequent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health health hazard evaluation surveyed 154 (99%) of 156 kill floor workers of this plant and found that 30 (19%) had evidence of recent (or persistent) brucellosis. These data show that significant exposure to Brucella is occurring among packing plant workers in North Carolina and suggest that some of the approximately 38,000 production workers in pork processing plants in the United States are at risk of contracting swine brucellosis. Additional measures may need to be taken to prevent occupational exposure to Brucella.
C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ATLANTA,GA.
N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP TROUT, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 23
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1076-2752
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED
JI J. Occup. Environ. Med.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 6
BP 697
EP 703
DI 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00011
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE717
UT WOS:A1995RE71700011
PM 7670916
ER
PT J
AU FORD, ES
RHODES, S
MCDIARMID, M
SCHWARTZ, SL
BROWN, J
AF FORD, ES
RHODES, S
MCDIARMID, M
SCHWARTZ, SL
BROWN, J
TI DEATHS FROM ACUTE EXPOSURE TO TRICHLOROETHYLENE
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a commonly used halogenated hydrocarbon in industry, We report on deaths attributed to TCE exposure that occurred between 1975 and 1992. In addition, we present a case report from the most recent death, including tissue concentration modeling. The deaths shared a number of features. All occurred in young men who were usually working in confined spaces without adequate ventilation. These preventable deaths suggest that safety precautions are not being observed by workers and employers, Employers should ensure that their employees are adequately trained in the dangers of working with TCE, that adequate ventilation of the working environment is provided, that the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is available to their workers, and that workers should not work alone or unobserved when using TCE in confined spaces.
C1 US DEPT LABOR,OFF OCCUPAT MED,OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,WASHINGTON,DC 20210.
NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,RADIAT STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
BALTIMORE GAS & ELECT CO,BALTIMORE,MD.
GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,WASHINGTON,DC.
OEM,RAMSEY CLIN,ST PAUL,MN.
NR 31
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 3
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1076-2752
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED
JI J. Occup. Environ. Med.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 6
BP 749
EP 754
DI 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00019
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE717
UT WOS:A1995RE71700019
PM 7670923
ER
PT J
AU ARROWOOD, MJ
HURD, MR
MEAD, JR
AF ARROWOOD, MJ
HURD, MR
MEAD, JR
TI A NEW METHOD FOR EVALUATING EXPERIMENTAL CRYPTOSPORIDIAL PARASITE LOADS
USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENT FLOW-CYTOMETRY
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERCOLL GRADIENTS; OOCYSTS; SPOROZOITES; INFECTIONS
AB A flow cytometric method for the quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in stool specimens was developed to replace conventional microscopic immunofluorescent assays. Fecal pellets were collected from control (uninfected) severe combined immune-deficient mice, suspended in 2.5% potassium dichromate at a ratio of 400 mu l per pellet, and homogenized by vortexing. Purified oocysts were added to the samples (10(5), 10(4), 10(3), and 10(2)/ml). Aliquots (200 mu l) of the vortexed samples were centrifuged over microscale discontinuous sucrose gradients. The oocyst-containing fractions were collected, washed, and incubated with an oocyst-specific monoclonal antibody (labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate) for 30 min at 37 C. Sample volumes were adjusted to 600 mu l with phosphate-buffered saline and assayed by using logical gating of forward/side scatter and fluorescence signal on a flow cytometer. Seeded samples showed a linear correlation with the number of oocysts recovered from the gradients. Analyses of stool samples from chronically infected mice demonstrated that the flow cytometry method was approximately 10 times more sensitive than conventional immunofluorescent assays.
RP ARROWOOD, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25144]
NR 8
TC 57
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 81
IS 3
BP 404
EP 409
DI 10.2307/3283822
PG 6
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA RD340
UT WOS:A1995RD34000009
PM 7776125
ER
PT J
AU CLEVELAND, JL
LOCKWOOD, SA
GOOCH, BF
MENDELSON, MH
CHAMBERLAND, ME
VALAURI, DV
ROISTACHER, SL
SOLOMON, JM
MARIANOS, DW
AF CLEVELAND, JL
LOCKWOOD, SA
GOOCH, BF
MENDELSON, MH
CHAMBERLAND, ME
VALAURI, DV
ROISTACHER, SL
SOLOMON, JM
MARIANOS, DW
TI PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES IN DENTISTRY - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID OPERATING-ROOM PERSONNEL; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; BLOOD CONTACT; RISK;
EXPOSURE
AB The authors conducted an observational study of the frequency and circumstances of percutaneous injuries among dental residents. Their findings suggest that most percutaneous injuries sustained by these dental residents occurred extraorally and were associated with denture impression procedures. Some injuries may be preventable with changes in techniques or instrument design.
RP CLEVELAND, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,MAILSTOP F-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 19
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER DENTAL ASSN
PI CHICAGO
PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611
SN 0002-8177
J9 J AM DENT ASSOC
JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 126
IS 6
BP 745
EP 751
PG 7
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA RC144
UT WOS:A1995RC14400010
PM 7797730
ER
PT J
AU MURPHY, NJ
SCHRAER, CD
THIELE, MC
BOYKO, EJ
BULKOW, LR
DOTY, BJ
LANIER, AP
AF MURPHY, NJ
SCHRAER, CD
THIELE, MC
BOYKO, EJ
BULKOW, LR
DOTY, BJ
LANIER, AP
TI DIETARY CHANGE AND OBESITY ASSOCIATED WITH GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE IN ALASKA
NATIVES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CANADIAN INUIT; YUPIK ESKIMOS;
PIMA-INDIANS; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; WEIGHT; WOMEN
AB Objective To investigate frequency of food intake, body weight, and glucose intolerance in Alaska Natives.
Design Height, weight, and random blood glucose levels were measured and a frequency-of-food-intake questionnaire was obtained. This questionnaire classified persons as consumers of indigenous foods or nonindigenous foods within three food groups. Those with a random blood glucose measurement greater than or equal to 6.72 mmol/L received an oral glucose tolerance test.
Setting Community screening in 15 villages In Alaska.
Subjects Nutrition screenings were done for 1,124 Alaska Native residents aged 20 years or older. An oral glucose tolerance test was done for 202 subjects.
Outcomes measured Subjects were classified as consumers of indigenous or nonindigenous foods within three food groups. A diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was made on the basis of World Health Organization criteria. A determination of overweight was made on the basis of National Center for Health Statistics criteria.
Statistical analysis A chi(2) test with Yates correction, t test, and linear regression, with two-sided P values.
Results Athabascan Indians had twice the rate of NIDDM as Yup'ik Eskimos with significantly higher frequency of nonindigenous food intake, plus lower frequency of indigenous carbohydrate and fat intake. Subjects less than or equal to 30 years old consumed significantly more nonindigenous protein and fat and low-nutrient-density carbohydrates than those greater than or equal to 60 years old. Persons who had glucose intolerance reported significantly greater consumption of nonindigenous protein and less seal oil. Incidence of overweight was significantly higher than was found 25 years ago. Participants with glucose intolerance were significantly more overweight than others.
Conclusion A pattern of increased frequency of nonindigenous protein, low-nutrient-density carbohydrate, and fat intake with less indigenous carbohydrate and fat consumption was found in subjects less than or equal to 30 years old and in association with the higher rate of NIDDM found in the Athabascan Indians. Persons with glucose intolerance were significantly more overweight than others.
Applications Although the nutritional value of indigenous foods for reducing disease risk should be promoted, nutrition education, especially among young adults, should also include building skills to select and prepare nonindigenous foods to attain a healthful diet. Although snacking is a concern, dietary fat was the most significant factor in obesity and NIDDM.
C1 YUKON KUSKOKWIM DELTA SERV UNIT,BETHEL,AK.
ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,AREA DIABET PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501.
YUKON KUSKOKWIM HLTH CORP,NUTR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM,BETHEL,AK.
UNIV WASHINGTON,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ANCHORAGE,AK.
ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT FAMILY MED,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501.
NR 52
TC 63
Z9 66
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 6
BP 676
EP 682
DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00184-0
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA RB309
UT WOS:A1995RB30900013
PM 7759744
ER
PT J
AU SATTEN, GA
AF SATTEN, GA
TI UPPER AND LOWER-BOUND DISTRIBUTIONS THAT GIVE SIMULTANEOUS
CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS FOR QUANTILES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BEST- AND WORST-CASE ANALYSES;
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LIKELIHOOD REGION; LOCATION-SCALE FAMILY;
MULTIPLE COMPARISONS; SCHEFFES METHOD; TOLERANCE INTERVAL; WINDOW PERIOD
AB We propose a new method far constructing parametric confidence intervals for quantiles of an unknown distribution. These confidence intervals are constructed so that the joint probability that all intervals simultaneously contain their respective percentiles is at least a preset value. Thus we may also use the set of either upper or lower confidence limits to define an upper (or lower) bound distribution function, which we call an upper (or lower) tolerance distribution because this distribution may also be used to construct tolerance intervals for the unknown distribution. We derive tolerance distributions with exact coverage probability for lid samples from distributions in the location-scale family. Tolerance distributions can also be used for best- and worst-ease analyses, as we illustrate by considering bounds on the distribution of the time interval between the onset of infectiousness and development of detectable antibody in individuals newly infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
RP SATTEN, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371
NR 7
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER STATIST ASSN
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0162-1459
J9 J AM STAT ASSOC
JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 90
IS 430
BP 747
EP 752
DI 10.2307/2291087
PG 6
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA RA104
UT WOS:A1995RA10400041
ER
PT J
AU BOTROS, BAM
SOLIMAN, AK
SALIB, AW
OLSON, J
HIBBS, RG
WILLIAMS, JC
DARWISH, M
ELTIGANI, A
WATTS, DM
AF BOTROS, BAM
SOLIMAN, AK
SALIB, AW
OLSON, J
HIBBS, RG
WILLIAMS, JC
DARWISH, M
ELTIGANI, A
WATTS, DM
TI COXIELLA-BURNETII ANTIBODY PREVALENCES AMONG HUMAN-POPULATIONS IN
NORTHEAST AFRICA DETERMINED BY ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
DE COXIELLA BURNETII; SEROPREVALENCES; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; NORTHEAST AFRICA
ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; Q-FEVER; RESPONSES
AB Retrospective serosurveys were conducted to determine the prevalence of antibody to phase-I Coxiella burnetii among humans in various locations of north-east Africa. Sera were tested by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Initially the EIA was compared with the standard indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) method for the detection of antibody to C. burnetii. Results indicated that the EIA was slightly less sensitive (88%), but highly specific (94%) and less subjective than the IFA technique. EIA was subsequently adopted for estimating prevalences in the studied human populations.
Data obtained by ELA indicated that the prevalence of C. burnetii antibody among adult Egyptian blood donors was 20% (n=358) in the Suez Canal area, 16% (n=501) in the Nile Valley and 10% (n=427) in the Nile Delta. Among adult patients with acute, undifferentiated fever in Egypt, the prevalence was 28% (n=50) of acute sera, with seroconversion in 12% of convalescent sera. Antibody to C. burnetii was detected by ELA in the sera of 25% (n=71) of cattle workers in Egypt, 10% (n=100) of housewives in Sudan, and 37% (n=104) of adults in north-west Somalia. Following a fever outbreak affecting all ages in northern Sudan, IgG antibody to C. burnetii was present in 54% of the febrile persons (n=185) and in 53% of afebrile persons (n=186). IgM antibody to C. burnetii was demonstrated in 29% of the febrile persons and 15% of the afebrile persons.
These results implicate C. burnetii as a possibly important and under-reported cause of human disease and undiagnosed fevers in north-east Africa.
C1 USN,DIV VIROL,MED RES UNIT 3,CAIRO,EGYPT.
CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA.
USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL,INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS BRANCH,FREDERICK,MD 21701.
AIN SHAMS UNIV,FAC MED,CAIRO,EGYPT.
MINIST HLTH SUDAN,NATL HLTH LABS,KHARTOUM,SUDAN.
USN,MED RES INST DETACHMENT,LIMA,PERU.
RI Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013
OI Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115
NR 20
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0022-5304
J9 J TROP MED HYG
JI J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 98
IS 3
BP 173
EP 178
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA RD739
UT WOS:A1995RD73900007
PM 7783275
ER
PT J
AU MITCHELL, CJ
AF MITCHELL, CJ
TI GEOGRAPHIC SPREAD OF AEDES-ALBOPICTUS AND POTENTIAL FOR INVOLVEMENT IN
ARBOVIRUS CYCLES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN
SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ARBOVIRUSES; AEDES ALBOPICTUS; MEDITERRANEAN
ID VECTOR COMPETENCE; NORTH-AMERICA; VIRUS; TEMPERATURE; AFRICA; TIRES
AB During the past decade Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has extended its range to parts of North and South America, the Caribbean, Africa, southern Europe, and some Pacific Islands previously free of such infestations. This remarkably rapid spread of a mosquito species is unprecedented during this century and has heightened concern among public health and vector control officials because of the known and potential vector relationships of Ae. albopictus with several arboviruses. Photoperiod, temperature, rainfall, and humidity are major limiting factors affecting the range extension of Ae. albopictus. These are examined, along with previous distribution records of the closely related Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), to identify general areas of the Mediterranean basin that might be suitable for colonization by Ae. albopictus. Finally, the results of vector competence studies, virus isolation tests of field-collected specimens, and feeding habits of Ae. albopictus are analyzed with a view toward assessing the potential of Ae. albopictus becoming involved in arbovirus cycles in Mediterranean countries. Mosquito-borne arboviruses of concern to the region include Sindbis, chikungunya, West Nile, dengue, Tahyna, Rift Valley fever, and Batai viruses. In addition, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis and African horse sickness viruses occur in the area and mosquito vectors may be involved in their transmission.
RP MITCHELL, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA.
NR 51
TC 121
Z9 132
U1 4
U2 28
PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY
PI SANTA ANA
PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702
J9 J VECTOR ECOL
JI J. Vector Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 1
BP 44
EP 58
PG 15
WC Entomology
SC Entomology
GA RP282
UT WOS:A1995RP28200005
ER
PT J
AU KERR, JR
CURRAN, MD
MOORE, JE
ERDMAN, DD
COYLE, PV
NUNOUE, T
MIDDLETON, D
FERGUSON, WP
AF KERR, JR
CURRAN, MD
MOORE, JE
ERDMAN, DD
COYLE, PV
NUNOUE, T
MIDDLETON, D
FERGUSON, WP
TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE NONSTRUCTURAL GENE OF PARVOVIRUS B19 DETECTED
BY SINGLE-STRANDED CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM ASSAY (SSCP) AND PARTIAL
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE PARVOVIRUS B19; PCR; SINGLE-STRANDED CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM ASSAY
(SSCP); NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CELLULAR-TRANSFORMATION; NONSTRUCTURAL
PROTEIN; NS-1 POLYPEPTIDE; PROGENITOR CELLS; MINUTE VIRUS; VIRAL-DNA;
GENOME; REPLICATION; HYBRIDIZATION
AB A homologous region in the parvovirus B19 non-structural gene (B19 nt 1399-1682) was examined in 50 samples from patients with a wide variety of B19-related disease from various countries by PCR amplification, single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay and nucleotide sequencing, Five SSCP types were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Of a total of 6 mutations, all were silent. Types 3 and 4 accounted for 92% of strains. There was no correlation between genome type and either clinical illness or patient age. However, there was a correlation between SSCP type and country of origin. Type 3 strains predominated in Japan (18/26) and the UK (6/8), whereas type 4 predominated in the USA (9/12). Notably, type 3 strains also predominated among females (14/18), whereas there were approximately equal numbers of strain types 3 (7/17) and 4 (8/17) among males; an observation which remains unexplained. Within the Japanese group, although type 3 strains predominated overall, strains isolated from 1981 to 1987 consisted of types 1 (2/15), 2 (1/15), 3 (8/15), and 4 (4/15), whereas strains isolated from 1990 to 1994 consisted almost entirely of type 3 (10/11).
C1 ROYAL VICTORIA HOSP,REG VIRUS LAB,BELFAST BT12 6BA,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND.
BELFAST CITY HOSP,TISSUE TYPING LAB,BELFAST BT9 7AD,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
KYUSHU UNIV,SCH HLTH SCI,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN.
RP KERR, JR (reprint author), BELFAST CITY HOSP,DEPT BACTERIOL,LISBURN RD,BELFAST BT9 7AB,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND.
OI Universidad del Rosario, Biblioteca/0000-0003-3491-9392
NR 37
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-0934
J9 J VIROL METHODS
JI J. Virol. Methods
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 53
IS 2-3
BP 213
EP 222
DI 10.1016/0166-0934(95)00017-O
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Virology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Virology
GA RG003
UT WOS:A1995RG00300005
PM 7673389
ER
PT J
AU WILCOX, CM
ZAKI, SR
COFFIELD, LM
GREER, PW
SCHWARTZ, DA
AF WILCOX, CM
ZAKI, SR
COFFIELD, LM
GREER, PW
SCHWARTZ, DA
TI EVALUATION OF IDIOPATHIC ESOPHAGEAL ULCERATION FOR
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS
SO MODERN PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS; ESOPHAGITIS; ESOPHAGEAL ULCERATION;
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS;
INFECTION; ULCERS; HIV
AB Recent studies suggest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be the cause of HIV-associated idiopathic esophageal ulcer (IEU). However, other causes of esophageal disease in HN-infected patients have not been evaluated for appropriate comparison. Over a 14-month period 13 patients with IEU as determined by clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic criteria were identified. During the same period nine HIV-infected patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) esophagitis and one HIV-infected patient each with herpes simplex virus esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were also identified. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ DNA hybridization (ISH) were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue of endoscopic biopsies of ulcer tissue using standard techniques. Eleven of 13 IEU patients (85%) as compared to seven of nine patients (78%) with CMV had HIV detected by PCR (P = 0.38). HIV was also detected in ulcer tissue from biopsy material from the patient with GERD but not herpes simplex virus esophagitis. In PCR-positive patients, ISH confirmed the presence of HIV in four patients (57%) with CMV and eight (73%) with IEU (P = 0.31). HIV was found only in inflammatory cells and not squamous epithelial cells. Given the similar prevalence of detection of HIV by PCR and ISH in ulcer tissue from both groups of HIV-infected patients as well as the location in rare inflammatory cells, we conclude that HIV infection of squamous mucosa does not appear to be the primary cause of IEU.
C1 EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,MED SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PATHOL SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,MED SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,PATHOL SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0893-3952
J9 MODERN PATHOL
JI Mod. Pathol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 8
IS 5
BP 568
EP 572
PG 5
WC Pathology
SC Pathology
GA RD360
UT WOS:A1995RD36000021
PM 7675779
ER
PT J
AU DAS, A
HOLLOWAY, B
COLLINS, WE
SHAMA, VP
GHOSH, SK
SINHA, S
HASNAIN, SE
TALWAR, GP
LAL, AA
AF DAS, A
HOLLOWAY, B
COLLINS, WE
SHAMA, VP
GHOSH, SK
SINHA, S
HASNAIN, SE
TALWAR, GP
LAL, AA
TI SPECIES-SPECIFIC 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE AMPLIFICATION FOR THE DETECTION
OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM AND PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA PARASITES
SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES
LA English
DT Article
DE DIAGNOSIS; MALARIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RIBOSOMAL RNA
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PLASMODIUM; DIAGNOSIS;
SEQUENCE; SAMPLES
AB Based on the sequence diversity of the Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), we designed oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield different size fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax. The primers for the PCR procedure were chosen such that the 5' primer was Plasmodium-conserved while the 3' primers were species-specific. Using primer cocktails and cloned plasmid DNAs containing the 18S rRNA genes or parasite genomic DNA as targets, we show that the PCR procedure yields 1.4-kb and 0.5-kb DNA fragments for P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. Limited field testing of this procedure demonstrated the utility of a ribosomal gene based species-specific malaria diagnosis.
C1 ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA.
NATL INST IMMUNOL,NEW DELHI 110067,INDIA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CDC,NCID,SCI RESOURCE BRANCH,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,ATLANTA,GA.
INDIAN COUNCIL MED RES,MALARIA RES CTR,NEW DELHI,INDIA.
RI HASNAIN, SEYED/C-1492-2009
NR 13
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0890-8508
J9 MOL CELL PROBE
JI Mol. Cell. Probes
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 161
EP 165
DI 10.1006/mcpr.1995.0025
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Cell Biology
GA RC360
UT WOS:A1995RC36000003
PM 7477008
ER
PT J
AU GAZMARARIAN, JA
ADAMS, MM
SALTZMAN, LE
JOHNSON, CH
BRUCE, FC
MARKS, JS
ZAHNISER, SC
WOOLBRIGHT, A
PEARSON, K
ANDERSON, T
TOMPKINS, P
HOPKINS, R
BENNETT, J
GANSER, J
DANNA, J
EYSTER, J
MEDVESKY, M
LORENZ, R
BARTON, B
DORF, A
THOMAS, T
AF GAZMARARIAN, JA
ADAMS, MM
SALTZMAN, LE
JOHNSON, CH
BRUCE, FC
MARKS, JS
ZAHNISER, SC
WOOLBRIGHT, A
PEARSON, K
ANDERSON, T
TOMPKINS, P
HOPKINS, R
BENNETT, J
GANSER, J
DANNA, J
EYSTER, J
MEDVESKY, M
LORENZ, R
BARTON, B
DORF, A
THOMAS, T
TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREGNANCY INTENDEDNESS AND PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN
MOTHERS OF NEWBORNS
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABUSE; WOMEN
AB Objective: To determine if pregnancy intendedness is associated with physical violence, and to identify factors that modify this association.
Methods: Three to 6 months after delivery, we mailed a questionnaire to a population-based sample of 12,612 mothers of infants born during 1990 and 1991 in four states. We used multiple logistic regression to compute odds ratios.
Results: The state-specific prevalences (a standard error) of physical violence ranged from 3.8 +/- 0.5 to 6.9 +/- 0.8%; the prevalences of unwanted or mistimed pregnancies ranged from 36.9-46.3%. In each state, higher rates of physical violence were reported by women who had fewer than 12 years of education, lived in crowded conditions, participated in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children, received no or delayed prenatal care, or were of races other than white, under 20 years old, or not married. Regardless of other attributes, women with unwanted or mistimed pregnancies reported higher rates of physical violence than women With intended pregnancies and accounted for 70% of women who reported physical violence. Overall, women with unwanted pregnancies had 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.7-6.2) times the odds of experiencing physical violence than did women with intended pregnancies. This association was weaker for women with few social advantages than for those with more advantages.
Conclusion: Physical violence toward women during the periconceptional and antenatal periods occurs in all sociodemographic groups. Women with unwanted or mistimed pregnancies are at an increased risk for violence by their partners compared with women with intended pregnancies.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 22
TC 154
Z9 156
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 6
BP 1031
EP 1038
DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00057-X
PG 8
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA QZ918
UT WOS:A1995QZ91800024
PM 7770250
ER
PT J
AU VIANA, IRC
CORREAOLIVEIRA, R
DOSSANTOS, O
MASSARA, CL
COLOSIMO, E
COLLEY, DG
GAZZINELLI, G
AF VIANA, IRC
CORREAOLIVEIRA, R
DOSSANTOS, O
MASSARA, CL
COLOSIMO, E
COLLEY, DG
GAZZINELLI, G
TI COMPARISON OF ANTIBODY ISOTYPE RESPONSES TO SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI ANTIGENS
BY INFECTED AND PUTATIVE RESISTANT INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN AN ENDEMIC AREA
SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SCHISTOSOMA; ANTIBODIES ISOTYPES; ENDEMIC NORMALS
ID ADULT WORM ANTIGENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IGE ANTIBODIES; MACROPHAGES;
ASSOCIATION; REACTIVITY; MECHANISMS; BLOCKING; INVITRO; IGG4
AB The isotopic patterns of antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni antigenic preparations from eggs (SEA), adult worms (SWAP) and cercariae (CERC) have been studied in sera from two groups of individuals living in an area endemic for S. mansoni. One of the groups was comprised of individuals diagnosed as having S. mansoni infections based on their patency, i.e. those passing eggs in their faeces (patent infections, PI). The other group has been consider putatively resistant' due to their residence in an endemic area, their documented exposure to positive transmission sites, and their repented negativity upon stool examinations (endemic normals, EN). There are strong specific responses of IgG1, IgG4 and IgM, particularly to SEA and CERC, by both groups. The reactivities of all isotypes were lower to SWAP. The responses of IgG4, IgM anti IgE anti-CERC in EN and PI are higher than those found in normal individuals from outside endemic areas. In general, EN individuals express a relative higher level of anti-STEG IgE as compared to IgG4, On the other hand the pool of ser a from PI showed the opposite pattern of higher IgG4 as compared to IgE. Several correlations are seen between isotypic responses to SEA, SWAP and CERC based on comparisons to the anti-SWAP IgE responses of the individuals in the two groups. These comparisons indicate the presence of distinct immunologic differences between individuals in the PI and the EN groups.
C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL.
UFMG,ICEX,INST CIENCIAS EXATAS,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 26505]
NR 35
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0141-9838
J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL
JI Parasite Immunol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 17
IS 6
BP 297
EP 304
DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00895.x
PG 8
WC Immunology; Parasitology
SC Immunology; Parasitology
GA RH942
UT WOS:A1995RH94200003
PM 7494642
ER
PT J
AU SHAY, DK
GOLDMANN, DA
JARVIS, WR
AF SHAY, DK
GOLDMANN, DA
JARVIS, WR
TI REDUCING THE SPREAD OF ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS - CONTROL
OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI
SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS;
FLUCONAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; FAECIUM; OUTBREAK; FAECALIS; CANDIDA;
EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENTAMICIN
AB Strategies to reduce the spread of hospital-acquired microorganisms resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents are discussed. Because hospitals have experienced a rapid increase in the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in the past 5 years, the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Controlling VRE dissemination in pediatric patients requires prompt detection of VRE by microbiology laboratories, education of staff and families about VRE, use of infection control measures to prevent person-to-person VRE transmission, and prudent vancomycin use.
C1 HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115.
HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115.
RP SHAY, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820
NR 58
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 0
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0031-3955
J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM
JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 42
IS 3
BP 703
EP 716
PG 14
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QZ949
UT WOS:A1995QZ94900013
PM 7761148
ER
PT J
AU SNIADACK, DH
SCHWARTZ, B
LIPMAN, H
BOGAERTS, J
BUTLER, JC
DAGAN, R
ECHANIZAVILES, G
LLOYDEVANS, N
FENOLL, A
GIRGIS, NI
HENRICHSEN, J
KLUGMAN, K
LEHMANN, D
TAKALA, AK
VANDEPITTE, J
GOVE, S
BREIMAN, RF
AF SNIADACK, DH
SCHWARTZ, B
LIPMAN, H
BOGAERTS, J
BUTLER, JC
DAGAN, R
ECHANIZAVILES, G
LLOYDEVANS, N
FENOLL, A
GIRGIS, NI
HENRICHSEN, J
KLUGMAN, K
LEHMANN, D
TAKALA, AK
VANDEPITTE, J
GOVE, S
BREIMAN, RF
TI POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA -
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL DIFFERENCES IN SEROTYPE AND SEROGROUP
DISTRIBUTION OF STERILE SITE PNEUMOCOCCAL ISOLATES FROM CHILDREN -
IMPLICATIONS FOR VACCINE STRATEGIES
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE PNEUMOCOCCUS; SEROTYPE; SEROGROUP; CONJUGATE VACCINE
ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS;
STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; GAMBIAN CHILDREN;
ETIOLOGY; POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY; MENINGITIS; PAKISTAN
AB Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of fatal bacterial pneumonia in young children. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have not been promoted for use in young children because many constituent serotypes are not immunogenic in children < 2 years old. Conjugating pneumococcal polysaccharide epitopes to a protein carrier would likely increase vaccine immunogenicity in children, We reviewed published and unpublished pneumococcal serotype and serogroup data from 16 countries on 6 continents to determine geographic and temporal differences in serotype and serogroup distribution of sterile site pneumococcal isolates among children and to estimate coverage of proposed and potential pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulas, The most common pneumococcal serotypes or groups from developed countries were, in descending order, 14, 6, 19, 18, 9, 23, 7, 4, 1 and 15. In developing countries the order was 6, 14, 8, 5, 1, 19, 9, 23, 18, 15 and 7. Development of customized heptavalent vaccine formulas, one for use in all developed countries and one for use in all developing countries, would not provide substantially better coverage against invasive pneumococcal disease than two currently proposed heptavalent formulas, An optimal nanovalent vaccine for global use would include serotypes 1, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F. Geographic and temporal variation in pneumococcal serotypes demonstrates the need for a species-wide pneumococcal vaccine.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR HOSP KIGALI,KIGALI,RWANDA.
BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
INST NACL SALUD PUBL,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS,MEXICO.
MRC,BANJUL,GAMBIA.
CTR NACL MICROBIOL VIROL & INMUNOL SANITARIAS MAJADAHONDA,MADRID,SPAIN.
BIOMED RES CTR INFECT DIS,CAIRO,EGYPT.
STATEN SERUMINST,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK.
S AFRICAN INST MED RES,JOHANNESBURG 2000,SOUTH AFRICA.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA.
NATL PUBL HLTH INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND.
KATHOLIEKE UNIV LEUVEN,B-3001 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM.
WHO,PROGRAM CONTROL ACUTE RESP INFECT,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND.
NR 33
TC 166
Z9 173
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 6
BP 503
EP 510
DI 10.1097/00006454-199506000-00007
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA RC781
UT WOS:A1995RC78100007
PM 7667055
ER
PT J
AU LOBATO, MN
SPIRA, TJ
ROGERS, MF
FOLKS, TM
HODGE, TW
MCDOUGAL, JS
NICHOLSON, JK
RAYFIELD, MA
SCHABLE, CA
SCHOCHETMAN, G
AF LOBATO, MN
SPIRA, TJ
ROGERS, MF
FOLKS, TM
HODGE, TW
MCDOUGAL, JS
NICHOLSON, JK
RAYFIELD, MA
SCHABLE, CA
SCHOCHETMAN, G
TI CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA IN CHILDREN - LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR A NEW
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME AGENT
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE T LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; CHILDREN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY
ID COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES;
HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VIRUS TYPE-1; CELLS; DEFICIENCY; SUBSETS; INFANTS;
RISK
AB We investigated children with CD4+ T lymphocytopenia to determine the magnitude and public health impact of this condition and to investigate possible causes. Children < 13 years old with CD4+ T lymphocyte counts below age-adjusted cutoffs (age < 24 months, 1000 cells/mu l; age greater than or equal to 24 months, 300 cells/mu l) or < 20% on 2 separate measurements were considered to have CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. We solicited information from clinicians and public health departments on these children and their families and collected blood for immunologic and retroviral testing. We identified 18 children (10 boys; 14 African-Americans) with a median age of 10 months at their first low CD4+ T lymphocyte measurement. Three children had had opportunistic infections and two still had low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts 5 and 7 years later. Of the 11 children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers 7 were asymptomatic. Specimens from ah children were negative for HIV and human T lymphotropic virus antibodies and negative for HIV by culture or polymerase chain reaction. Among 12 families interviewed no other HIV-seronegative family or household member had illnesses suggestive of immunosuppression. We conclude that negative retroviral tests and lack of illness among their family members do not support the hypothesis that a retrovirus causes CD4+ T lymphocytopenia among these children. Persistent CD4+ T lymphocytopenia well beyond recovery from an opportunistic infection suggests that the immunosuppression may not be the result of the acute infection. Our data indicate that unexplained CD4+ T lymphocytopenia is unlikely to be a major public health problem but deserves further study as to its cause.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RI Nicholson, Jeremy/B-3395-2012
OI Nicholson, Jeremy/0000-0002-8123-8349
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 6
BP 527
EP 535
DI 10.1097/00006454-199506000-00011
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA RC781
UT WOS:A1995RC78100011
PM 7667059
ER
PT J
AU GUENDELMAN, S
ENGLISH, P
CHAVEZ, G
AF GUENDELMAN, S
ENGLISH, P
CHAVEZ, G
TI THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND OTHER RISK-FACTORS ON
IMMUNIZATION STATUS AMONG MEXICAN-AMERICAN INFANTS
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE MEXICAN-AMERICAN INFANTS; IMMUNIZATION; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR
ID MEASLES; COVERAGE; CHILDREN
AB Objective. Few studies have investigated the effect of maternal health behaviors on the utilization of childhood preventive care. We evaluated a sample of 788 Latino mother-infant pairs to determine whether, in addition to other characteristics, maternal health risk behaviors are associated with infant immunization status.
Methodology. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Mexican origin mothers of infants 8 to 16 months of age living in San Diego County, CA. In addition to sociodemographic and health care factors, we assessed maternal behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, safety precautions, and the organization of the home environment, and examined their relation to adequate childhood immunization status.
Results. When grouped together in a maternal health risk index, maternal health behaviors showed a dose-response relationship with inadequate immunization status. After controlling for confounders, each point increase on the health risk index was associated with a 20% increase in the likelihood of inadequate childhood immunizations. Marital status, parity, life stress, time lived in neighborhood, Spanish language, and child age were also important predictors.
Conclusion. Early identification of children at risk for underimmunization may be aided by focusing on maternal health behaviors in addition to other sociodemographic characteristics.
C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA.
RP GUENDELMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH PROGRAM,404 EARL WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA.
NR 24
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 6
BP 823
EP 828
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA RB905
UT WOS:A1995RB90500004
PM 7761205
ER
PT J
AU DEMERS, PA
BOFFETTA, P
KOGEVINAS, M
BLAIR, A
MILLER, BA
ROBINSON, CF
ROSCOE, RJ
WINTER, PD
COLIN, D
MATOS, E
VAINIO, H
AF DEMERS, PA
BOFFETTA, P
KOGEVINAS, M
BLAIR, A
MILLER, BA
ROBINSON, CF
ROSCOE, RJ
WINTER, PD
COLIN, D
MATOS, E
VAINIO, H
TI POOLED REANALYSIS OF CANCER MORTALITY AMONG 5 COHORTS OF WORKERS IN
WOOD-RELATED INDUSTRIES
SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE WOOD DUST; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NASAL CANCER; NASOPHARYNGEAL CANCER;
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
ID HIGH-WYCOMBE AREA; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; DUST EXPOSURE; FURNITURE;
MISCLASSIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FORMALDEHYDE; MAKERS; RISK
AB Objectives To provide more information regarding the risk of cancer associated with wood dust, a pooled reanalysis of data from five cohort studies was performed.
Methods The combined cohort consisted of 28 704 persons from five studies: British furniture workers, members of the union representing furniture workers in the United States, two cohorts of plywood workers, and one of wood model makers, among whom 7665 deaths occurred. Pooled analyses were carried out for all of the cohorts combined, the two furniture worker cohorts combined, and the two plywood workers cohorts combined.
Results Significant excesses of nasal [observed 11, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.6-5.6] and nasopharyngeal (observed 9, SMR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-4.5) cancer were observed. That for nasal cancer appeared to be associated with exposure to wood dust but was based solely on cases from the British furniture worker cohort, while that of nasopharyngeal cancer was observed for furniture and plywood workers and was associated with both high and low probability of wood dust exposure. Some support for an excess risk of multiple myeloma was also observed but was less clearly associated with wood dust exposure. No excesses of lung, larynx, stomach, or colon cancer were found to be associated with any surrogate indicators of wood dust exposure.
Conclusions Workers exposed to wood dust may have an excess risk of nasopharyngeal cancer and multiple myeloma in addition to sinonasal cancer. The limitations of this study would tend to obscure relationships, rather than create false positive findings.
C1 INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE.
INST MUNICIPAL INVEST MED,BARCELONA,SPAIN.
NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
MRC,LONDON,ENGLAND.
INST ONCOL ANGEL H ROFFO,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA.
INST OCCUPAT HLTH,HELSINKI,FINLAND.
RP DEMERS, PA (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,OCCUPAT HYG PROGRAMME,2206 EAST MALL,3RD FLOOR,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z3,CANADA.
RI Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017
NR 40
TC 70
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 5
PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH
PI HELSINKI
PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND
SN 0355-3140
J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA
JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 3
BP 179
EP 190
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RJ198
UT WOS:A1995RJ19800003
PM 7481605
ER
PT J
AU PERRY, GS
YIP, R
ZYRKOWSKI, C
AF PERRY, GS
YIP, R
ZYRKOWSKI, C
TI NUTRITIONAL RISK-FACTORS AMONG LOW-INCOME PREGNANT US WOMEN - THE
CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL-AND-PREVENTION (CDC) PREGNANCY NUTRITION
SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 1979 THROUGH 1993
SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM DELIVERY; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MATERNAL
WEIGHT; ADULT WOMEN; TRENDS; DRINKING; PATTERNS; GROWTH; ANEMIA
RP PERRY, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 46
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 3
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0146-0005
J9 SEMIN PERINATOL
JI Semin. Perinatol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 3
BP 211
EP 221
DI 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80027-8
PG 11
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA RE746
UT WOS:A1995RE74600007
PM 7570073
ER
PT J
AU COGSWELL, ME
YIP, R
AF COGSWELL, ME
YIP, R
TI THE INFLUENCE OF FETAL AND MATERNAL FACTORS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF
BIRTH-WEIGHT
SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; PERINATAL-MORTALITY;
INFANT-MORTALITY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; PREGNANCY;
SMOKING; MACROSOMIA; WOMEN
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP COGSWELL, ME (reprint author), PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,2859 PACES FERRY RD,SUITE 820,ATLANTA,GA 30339, USA.
NR 58
TC 95
Z9 96
U1 0
U2 1
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0146-0005
J9 SEMIN PERINATOL
JI Semin. Perinatol.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 3
BP 222
EP 240
DI 10.1016/S0146-0005(05)80028-X
PG 19
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics
GA RE746
UT WOS:A1995RE74600008
PM 7570074
ER
PT J
AU LENTZNER, H
AF LENTZNER, H
TI AUTONOMY AND WELL-BEING IN THE AGING POPULATION - CONCEPTS AND DESIGN OF
THE LONGITUDINAL AGING STUDY AMSTERDAM - DEEG,DJH, KNIPSCHEER,CPM,
VANTILBURG,W
SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
LA English
DT Book Review
RP LENTZNER, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0277-9536
J9 SOC SCI MED
JI Soc. Sci. Med.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 40
IS 11
BP 1586
EP 1587
DI 10.1016/0277-9536(95)90277-5
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA RA108
UT WOS:A1995RA10800020
ER
PT J
AU MCNABB, SJN
KELSO, KY
WILSON, SA
MCFARLAND, L
FARLEY, TA
AF MCNABB, SJN
KELSO, KY
WILSON, SA
MCFARLAND, L
FARLEY, TA
TI HURRICANE ANDREW-RELATED INJURIES AND ILLNESSES, LOUISIANA, 1992
SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB To determine the extent and types of injuries and illnesses in Louisiana associated with or related to Hurricane Andrew, we gathered data from hospital emergency departments and coroner's offices on demographic variables, institution, nature and cause of the injury or illness, body part affected, location, and date and time of the event. A hurricane-related injury or illness was defined as one that occurred from noon on August 24, 1992, through midnight on September 21, 1992, as a direct or indirect result of the preparation for (preimpact), the impact of, or the clean-up after the hurricane (postimpact). Nineteen parishes in south-central Louisiana that were most affected by Hurricane Andrew provided data from patients seen in emergency departments and reports from coroner's offices. Active, advance surveillance of this type promotes and facilitates the reporting of disaster-related health outcomes. Future planning for hurricanes should take into account the high rate of cuts, lacerations, and puncture wounds, particularly during the postimpact phase.
C1 LOUISIANA OFF PUBL HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 8
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 2
PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN
PI BIRMINGHAM
PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219
SN 0038-4348
J9 SOUTHERN MED J
JI South.Med.J.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 88
IS 6
BP 615
EP 618
DI 10.1097/00007611-199506000-00003
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA RC172
UT WOS:A1995RC17200003
PM 7777875
ER
PT J
AU SCHIEBER, RA
BRANCHEDORSEY, CM
AF SCHIEBER, RA
BRANCHEDORSEY, CM
TI IN-LINE SKATING INJURIES - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PREVENTION
SO SPORTS MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB In 1993 there was an estimated 12.6 million in-line skaters in the US. In-line skating is popular because of its affordability and its exercise and recreational value. The main risk factors for injury include speed, obstacles and hard surfaces. Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System in US hospitals, 31 000 skaters were reported injured over a 12 month period. Fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains and avulsion made up 67% of all injuries. It is recommended that skaters wear protection equipment including, helmet, wrist guards, knee-pads and elbow-pads. Although head injuries from skating appear low in numbers, helmet protection is also recommended. Further studies are required that assess risk factors for injury and environmental and behavioural aspects.
RP SCHIEBER, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 0
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 3
PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD
PI AUCKLAND
PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW
ZEALAND
SN 0112-1642
J9 SPORTS MED
JI Sports Med.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 6
BP 427
EP 432
DI 10.2165/00007256-199519060-00006
PG 6
WC Sport Sciences
SC Sport Sciences
GA RC281
UT WOS:A1995RC28100006
PM 7676103
ER
PT J
AU CONTRINO, J
GORALNICK, S
HAIR, G
KREUTZER, DL
RICKLES, FR
AF CONTRINO, J
GORALNICK, S
HAIR, G
KREUTZER, DL
RICKLES, FR
TI FIBRIN INDUCTION OF TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN HUMAN VASCULAR
ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS
SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT MED,STORRS,CT 06268.
UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,STORRS,CT 06268.
UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STORRS,CT 06268.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH
PI STUTTGART
PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0340-6245
J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS
JI Thromb. Haemost.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 73
IS 6
BP 910
EP 910
PG 1
WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA RP385
UT WOS:A1995RP38500044
ER
PT J
AU BARZILAI, A
SCHULMAN, S
KARETNYI, YV
FAVOROV, MO
LEVIN, E
MENDELSON, E
WEISS, P
FIELDS, HA
VARON, D
MARTINOWITZ, U
AF BARZILAI, A
SCHULMAN, S
KARETNYI, YV
FAVOROV, MO
LEVIN, E
MENDELSON, E
WEISS, P
FIELDS, HA
VARON, D
MARTINOWITZ, U
TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION IN HEMOPHILIACS
SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,NATL HEMOPHILIA CTR,CENT VIROL LAB,LIBER UNIT,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH
PI STUTTGART
PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0340-6245
J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS
JI Thromb. Haemost.
PD JUN
PY 1995
VL 73
IS 6
BP 1034
EP 1034
PG 1
WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA RP385
UT WOS:A1995RP38500517
ER
PT J
AU CHEN, RT
AF CHEN, RT
TI ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR VACCINE ADVERSE-EFFECTS
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Letter
RP CHEN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM MSE61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAY 27
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8961
BP 1369
EP 1369
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92568-6
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA RA148
UT WOS:A1995RA14800045
PM 7752776
ER
PT J
AU CHAKRAVERTY, M
HAY, A
SCHILD, G
WOOD, J
GUST, I
HAMPSON, A
WEBER, J
KIM, J
PARK, K
CLAAS, E
AF CHAKRAVERTY, M
HAY, A
SCHILD, G
WOOD, J
GUST, I
HAMPSON, A
WEBER, J
KIM, J
PARK, K
CLAAS, E
TI UPDATE - INFLUENZA ACTIVITY - UNITED-STATES AND WORLDWIDE, 1994-95
SEASON, AND COMPOSITION OF THE 1995-96 INFLUENZA VACCINE (REPRINTED FROM
MMWR, VOL 44, PG 282-285, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND.
NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND.
COMMONWEALTH SERUM LABS,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA.
LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA.
NATL INST HLTH,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA.
ERASMUS UNIV ROTTERDAM,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS.
WHO,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,PROGRAM BACTERIAL VIRAL DIS & IMMUNOL,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND.
CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BR,ATLANTA,GA.
US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD.
RP CHAKRAVERTY, M (reprint author), CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 24
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 20
BP 1565
EP 1566
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QY541
UT WOS:A1995QY54100007
ER
PT J
AU BELL, R
COUSINS, J
MCNEELY, W
ROGERS, P
PAYNE, A
VIGNESKENDRICK, MD
BILLODEAUX, J
JONES, R
TAYLOR, J
HENDRICKS, K
PERDUE, J
SIMPSON, D
AF BELL, R
COUSINS, J
MCNEELY, W
ROGERS, P
PAYNE, A
VIGNESKENDRICK, MD
BILLODEAUX, J
JONES, R
TAYLOR, J
HENDRICKS, K
PERDUE, J
SIMPSON, D
TI LOCAL TRANSMISSION OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA - HOUSTON, TEXAS, 1994
(REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 295, 301-303, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 HARRIS CTY MOSQUITO CONTROL DIST,HOUSTON,TX.
TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,AUSTIN,TX 78756.
CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP BELL, R (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,HOUSTON,TX, USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 24
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 20
BP 1566
EP 1568
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QY541
UT WOS:A1995QY54100008
ER
PT J
AU SANDSTROM, PA
PARDI, D
TEBBEY, PW
DUDEK, RW
TERRIAN, DM
FOLKS, TM
BUTTKE, TM
AF SANDSTROM, PA
PARDI, D
TEBBEY, PW
DUDEK, RW
TERRIAN, DM
FOLKS, TM
BUTTKE, TM
TI LIPID HYDROPEROXIDE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS - LACK OF INHIBITION BY BCL-2
OVER-EXPRESSION
SO FEBS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE CELL DEATH; MEMBRANE LIPID; ANTIOXIDANT; OXYGEN RADICAL; LYMPHOCYTE
ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MANGANOUS SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; PROGRAMMED
CELL-DEATH; IMMATURE THYMOCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; INDUCTION;
FRAGMENTATION; NEUTROPHILS; METABOLITES; STIMULATION
AB Increased membrane lipid peroxidation has recently been implicated as being associated with apoptosis, In the present study the addition of 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) or 13-hydroperoxydodecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) to A3.01 T cells is shown to induce marked chromatin condensation coincident with DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis, 15-HPETE also evoked an immediate and sustained rise in cytoplasmic calcium which was required for the induction of apoptosis, A3.01 cells transfected with the bcl-2 proto-oncogene were 6- to 8-fold more resistant to apoptotic killing by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but only 0.4-fold more resistant to 15-HPETE. Thus, Bcl-2 is not capable of protecting cells from undergoing apoptosis following the direct addition of lipid hydroperoxides.
C1 E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858.
E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27858.
RP SANDSTROM, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 46
TC 100
Z9 101
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0014-5793
J9 FEBS LETT
JI FEBS Lett.
PD MAY 22
PY 1995
VL 365
IS 1
BP 66
EP 70
DI 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00443-D
PG 5
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA RA824
UT WOS:A1995RA82400015
PM 7774717
ER
PT J
AU SCHULZ, KF
AF SCHULZ, KF
TI METAANALYSES OF INTERVENTIONAL TRIALS DONE IN POPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT
RISKS
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Letter
RP SCHULZ, KF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,MS-E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 4
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAY 20
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8960
BP 1304
EP 1305
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QY933
UT WOS:A1995QY93300037
PM 7746072
ER
PT J
AU CHILDS, JE
OLSON, JG
WOLF, A
COHEN, N
FAKILE, Y
ROONEY, JA
BACELLAR, F
REGNERY, RL
AF CHILDS, JE
OLSON, JG
WOLF, A
COHEN, N
FAKILE, Y
ROONEY, JA
BACELLAR, F
REGNERY, RL
TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO ROCHALIMAEA SPECIES (CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE
AGENT) IN CATS
SO VETERINARY RECORD
LA English
DT Note
ID HENSELAE SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PELIOSIS
C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843.
INST NACL SAUDE,CTR ESTUDOS VECTORES & DOENGAS INFECCIOSAS,LISBON,PORTUGAL.
RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012
NR 14
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 0
PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC
PI LONDON
PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT
SN 0042-4900
J9 VET REC
JI Vet. Rec.
PD MAY 20
PY 1995
VL 136
IS 20
BP 519
EP 520
PG 2
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA RA922
UT WOS:A1995RA92200012
PM 7544936
ER
PT J
AU WHITE, R
RAPPAPORT, S
LIEBER, K
GORMAN, A
DUMELLE, F
MAPLE, D
BHAWNANI, M
EDELMAN, N
AF WHITE, R
RAPPAPORT, S
LIEBER, K
GORMAN, A
DUMELLE, F
MAPLE, D
BHAWNANI, M
EDELMAN, N
TI CHILDREN AT RISK FROM OZONE AIR-POLLUTION - UNITED-STATES, 1991-1993
(REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 309, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV EPIDEMIOL & STAT,NEW YORK,NY.
AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV GOVT RELAT,NEW YORK,NY.
AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV COMMUN,NEW YORK,NY.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP WHITE, R (reprint author), AMER LUNG ASSOC,DIV NATL PROGRAMS,NEW YORK,NY 10019, USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 17
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 19
BP 1484
EP 1485
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QX418
UT WOS:A1995QX41800005
ER
PT J
AU STEVENSON, RE
DEAN, JH
ALLEN, WP
KELLY, M
AF STEVENSON, RE
DEAN, JH
ALLEN, WP
KELLY, M
TI PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR REDUCING RISK FOR NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS -
SOUTH-CAROLINA, 1992-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 141, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 S CAROLINA DEPT DISABIL & SPECIAL NEEDS,COLUMBIA,SC.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP STEVENSON, RE (reprint author), GREENWOOD GENET CTR,GREENWOOD,SC 29646, USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 17
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 19
BP 1485
EP 1485
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QX418
UT WOS:A1995QX41800006
ER
PT J
AU HABER, M
ORENSTEIN, WA
HALLORAN, ME
LONGINI, IM
AF HABER, M
ORENSTEIN, WA
HALLORAN, ME
LONGINI, IM
TI THE EFFECT OF DISEASE PRIOR TO AN OUTBREAK ON ESTIMATES OF VACCINE
EFFICACY FOLLOWING THE OUTBREAK
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; MEASLES; STATISTICS; VACCINES
ID MEASLES-VACCINE
AB A common source of bias in evaluating vaccine efficacy following a disease outbreak is the presence of persons who had the disease prior to the outbreak. This paper examines the effects of including and excluding pre-outbreak disease cases from the calculation of vaccine efficacy based on the cumulative incidence at the end of an outbreak. Using a five-stage model, the effects of the following factors on the bias of vaccine efficacy estimates are examined: the true protective efficacy of the vaccine, the prevaccination infection rate, differences in vaccine uptake among the previously diseased and nondiseased, differences in pre-outbreak exposure to infection between vaccinees and nonvaccinees, and differences in exposure during the outbreak between vaccinees and nonvaccinees. Numerical calculations of the bias are performed for a hypothetical outbreak of measles in a developing country. Exclusion of pre-outbreak disease cases requires accurate data on disease rates prior to the outbreak, and such data are often unreliable or nonexistent. Inclusion of pre-outbreak cases contributes to the bias of the estimated vaccine efficacy, especially when there is a high prevaccination infection rate and vaccine uptake among the previously diseased is considerably lower than that among the nondiseased. In most practical cases, however, this bias is not very large.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP HABER, M (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCHM PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,1518 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI32042-02]
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAY 15
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 10
BP 980
EP 990
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QX412
UT WOS:A1995QX41200012
PM 7741128
ER
PT J
AU GORDIS, E
DUFOUR, MC
WARREN, KR
JACKSON, RJ
FLOYD, RL
HUNGERFORD, DW
AF GORDIS, E
DUFOUR, MC
WARREN, KR
JACKSON, RJ
FLOYD, RL
HUNGERFORD, DW
TI SHOULD PHYSICIANS COUNSEL PATIENTS TO DRINK ALCOHOL
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP GORDIS, E (reprint author), NIAAA,BETHESDA,MD, USA.
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 10
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 18
BP 1415
EP 1415
DI 10.1001/jama.273.18.1415
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QW279
UT WOS:A1995QW27900011
PM 7723148
ER
PT J
AU BESSER, RE
MAHON, B
GRIFFIN, PM
TAUXE, RV
TAYLOR, JL
AF BESSER, RE
MAHON, B
GRIFFIN, PM
TAUXE, RV
TAYLOR, JL
TI ALL VIBRIO-CHOLERAE INFECTIONS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL - REPLY
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202.
RP BESSER, RE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103, USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 10
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 18
BP 1417
EP 1417
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QW279
UT WOS:A1995QW27900017
ER
PT J
AU SULLIVAN, EA
KREISWIRTH, BN
PALUMBO, L
KAPUR, V
MUSSER, JM
EBRAHIMZADEH, A
FRIEDEN, TR
AF SULLIVAN, EA
KREISWIRTH, BN
PALUMBO, L
KAPUR, V
MUSSER, JM
EBRAHIMZADEH, A
FRIEDEN, TR
TI EMERGENCE OF FLUOROQUINOLONE-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW-YORK-CITY
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Note
ID CIPROFLOXACIN
AB 22 patients infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York City were identified between January, 1991, and November, 1993. In 16 patients resistance arose as a result of inadequate or inappropriate treatment. 6 patients had primary infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms; 5 acquired the organisms nosocomially. Seven distinct patterns of restriction-fragment length polymorphism were identified in isolates from 21 patients. Fluoroquinolones should be restricted to patients with multidrug-resistant disease or intolerance to other antituberculosis drugs. All patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis should be on directly observed therapy.
C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
PUBL HLTH RES INST,CTR TB,NEW YORK,NY.
BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,MOLEC PATHOBIOL SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013;
OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-09238, AI-37004]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-09238]
NR 10
TC 91
Z9 98
U1 0
U2 1
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAY 6
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8958
BP 1148
EP 1150
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90980-X
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QW622
UT WOS:A1995QW62200012
PM 7723548
ER
PT J
AU EDLIN, BR
FARUQUE, S
MCCOY, CB
WORD, CO
AF EDLIN, BR
FARUQUE, S
MCCOY, CB
WORD, CO
TI CRACK COCAINE AND HIV IN THE INNER-CITY - REPLY
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33136.
BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94124.
RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAY 4
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 18
BP 1234
EP 1234
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QV415
UT WOS:A1995QV41500015
ER
PT J
AU COE, CL
CARROLL, NC
ZENKER, PN
THOMPSON, SG
LOFGREN, JP
ADAMS, JS
KING, J
HALL, S
CARVER, M
BEVILLE, J
SWINGER, GL
GATELEY, KW
THORNER, R
MILLIKEN, S
NORBERG, J
KELLEY, M
ROBINSON, L
CHAPMAN, R
SIMPSON, D
AF COE, CL
CARROLL, NC
ZENKER, PN
THOMPSON, SG
LOFGREN, JP
ADAMS, JS
KING, J
HALL, S
CARVER, M
BEVILLE, J
SWINGER, GL
GATELEY, KW
THORNER, R
MILLIKEN, S
NORBERG, J
KELLEY, M
ROBINSON, L
CHAPMAN, R
SIMPSON, D
TI HUMAN RABIES - ALABAMA, TENNESSEE, AND TEXAS, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR,
VOL 44, PG 269-272, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL 36102.
ST MARYS HOSP,RACINE,WI 53405.
KNOX CTY HLTH DEPT,KNOXVILLE,TN.
TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,NASHVILLE,TN.
SW TEXAS METHODIST HOSP,SAN ANTONIO,TX.
TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP COE, CL (reprint author), FLOWERS HOSP,3228 W MAIN ST,DOTHAN,AL 36301, USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 3
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 17
BP 1327
EP 1328
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QV307
UT WOS:A1995QV30700004
ER
PT J
AU PROVINCE, MA
HADLEY, EC
HORNBROOK, MC
LIPSITZ, LA
MULROW, CD
ORY, MG
SATTIN, RW
TINETTI, ME
WOLF, SL
AF PROVINCE, MA
HADLEY, EC
HORNBROOK, MC
LIPSITZ, LA
MULROW, CD
ORY, MG
SATTIN, RW
TINETTI, ME
WOLF, SL
TI THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON FALLS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS - A PREPLANNED
METAANALYSIS OF THE FICSIT TRIALS
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID FUNCTIONAL STATUS; OLDER PERSONS; RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; FRAILTY;
PREDICTORS; COMMUNITY; INJURIES; BALANCE; PEOPLE
AB Objective.-To determine if short-term exercise reduces falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly.
Design.-A preplanned meta-analysis of the seven Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques (FICSIT)-independent, randomized, controlled clinical trials that assessed intervention efficacy in reducing falls and frailty in elderly patients. All included an exercise component for 10 to 36 weeks. Fall and injury follow-up was obtained for up to 2 to 4 years.
Setting.-Two nursing home and five community-dwelling (three health maintenance organizations) sites. Six were group and center based; one was conducted at home.
Participants.-Numbers of participants ranged from 100 to 1323 per study. Subjects were mostly ambulatory and cognitively intact, with minimum ages of 60 to 75 years, although some studies required additional deficits, such as functionally dependent in two or more activities of daily living, balance deficits or lower extremity weakness, or high risk of falling.
Interventions.-Exercise components varied across studies in character, duration, frequency, and intensity. Training was performed in one area or more of endurance, flexibility, balance platform, Tai Chi (dynamic balance), and resistance. Several treatment arms included additional nonexercise components, such as behavioral components, medication changes, education, functional activity, or nutritional supplements.
Main Outcome Measures.-Time to each fall (fall-related injury) by self-report and/or medical records.
Results.-Using the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model that allows multiple fall outcomes per patient, the adjusted fall incidence ratio for treatment arms including general exercise was 0.90 (95% confidence limits [CL], 0.81, 0.99) and for those including balance was 0.83 (95% CL, 0.70, 0.98). No exercise component was significant for injurious falls, but power was low to detect this outcome.
Conclusions.-Treatments including exercise for elderly adults reduce the risk of falls.
C1 NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
KAISER PERMANENTE CTR HLTH RES,PORTLAND,OR.
HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,BOSTON,MA 02215.
AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
YALE UNIV,SCH MED,PROGRAM AGING,NEW HAVEN,CT.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT REHABIL MED,ATLANTA,GA.
RP PROVINCE, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BIOSTAT,BOX 8067,600 S EUCLID ST,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA.
RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010;
OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995; Miller, J Philip/0000-0003-4568-6846
NR 44
TC 643
Z9 658
U1 28
U2 81
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 3
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 17
BP 1341
EP 1347
DI 10.1001/jama.273.17.1341
PG 7
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QV307
UT WOS:A1995QV30700018
PM 7715058
ER
PT J
AU HEBERT, LE
SCHERR, PA
BECKETT, LA
ALBERT, MS
PILGRIM, DM
CHOWN, MJ
FUNKENSTEIN, HH
EVANS, DA
AF HEBERT, LE
SCHERR, PA
BECKETT, LA
ALBERT, MS
PILGRIM, DM
CHOWN, MJ
FUNKENSTEIN, HH
EVANS, DA
TI AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE IN A COMMUNITY POPULATION
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DEMENTING ILLNESSES; SENILE DEMENTIA; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE;
PERIODS; LUNDBY; RATES
AB Objective.-To determine age-specific incidence rates of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease.
Design.-Cohort, followed a mean of 4.3 years.
Setting.-East Boston, Mass.
Participants.-Of 2313 persons aged 65 years and older who were initially free of Alzheimer's disease, 1601 participated in the ascertainment of incident disease (80% of survivors), 409 declined participation, and 303 died before the end of the follow-up period. A stratified sample of 642 persons received detailed clinical evaluation.
Outcome Measure.-Diagnosis of new probable Alzheimer's disease through structured clinical evaluation including neurologic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric examination. Community incidence rates were computed by 5-year age groups, adjusted for gender, single year of age, length of follow-up interval, and sampling design.
Results.-The estimated annual incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the population was 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3% to 0.9%) for persons aged 65 to 69 years, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6% to 1.4%) for persons aged 70 to 74 years, 2.0% (95% CI, 1.3% to 2.7%) for persons aged 75 to 79 years, 3.3% (95% CI, 2.2% to 4.4%) for persons aged 80 to 84 years, and 8.4% (95% CI, 3.7% to 13.1%) for persons aged 85 years and older.
Conclusions.-The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is substantial and is approximately 14 times higher among persons older than 85 years compared with those between 65 and 69 years of age.
C1 RUSH UNIV,RUSH ALZHEIMERS DIS CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612.
RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02114.
MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02114.
HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115.
HARVARD COMMUNITY HLTH PLAN,BOSTON,MA.
HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115.
BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115.
HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115.
RP HEBERT, LE (reprint author), RUSH INST AGING,1645 W JACKSON BLVD,SUITE 675,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA.
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06789, AG05362, AG10161]
NR 36
TC 249
Z9 255
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAY 3
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 17
BP 1354
EP 1359
DI 10.1001/jama.273.17.1354
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QV307
UT WOS:A1995QV30700020
PM 7715060
ER
PT J
AU WORTLEY, PM
CHU, SY
DIAZ, T
WARD, JW
DOYLE, B
DAVIDSON, AJ
CHECKO, PJ
HERR, M
CONTI, L
FANN, SA
SORVILLO, F
MOKOTOFF, E
LEVY, A
HERMANN, P
NORRISWALCZAK, E
AF WORTLEY, PM
CHU, SY
DIAZ, T
WARD, JW
DOYLE, B
DAVIDSON, AJ
CHECKO, PJ
HERR, M
CONTI, L
FANN, SA
SORVILLO, F
MOKOTOFF, E
LEVY, A
HERMANN, P
NORRISWALCZAK, E
TI HIV TESTING PATTERNS - WHERE, WHY, AND WHEN WERE PERSONS WITH AIDS
TESTED FOR HIV
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV-ANTIBODY TESTING; BIDS; MEDICAL CARE
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; WOMEN; RISK
AB Objective: To describe the location of, primary reason for, and time between the first positive HIV test and AIDS diagnosis in a sample of persons with newly diagnosed AIDS.
Design: Interviews supplementing information routinely collected through AIDS case reporting.
Setting: Eleven US states and cities.
Patients: Persons with AIDS (2441) diagnosed between January 1990 and December 1992.
Main outcome measures: Location of first positive HIV test, primary reason for testing, and time interval between first positive HIV test and AIDS diagnosis.
Results: Overall, persons were tested late in their course of HIV infection: 36% were tested for HIV within 2 months and 51% within 1 year of their AIDS diagnosis. Sixty-five per cent were HIV-tested in acute health-care settings: 33% in hospitals, 28% in physicians' offices, and 4% in emergency departments. Testing during hospitalization was most common among injecting drug users (43%) and persons infected through heterosexual contact (50%). Persons primarily sought HIV testing because of illness (58%); other reasons included being in a known risk group (13%) and having had a known HIV-infected sex partner (8%). Testing because of being in a known risk group was least common among persons infected through heterosexual contact (1%). Among persons in these exposure categories, testing differed by race/ethnicity.
Conclusion: Most persons with AIDS were tested relatively late in their course of HIV infection, in acute health-care settings, and because of illness. Not knowing one's serostatus precludes early medical intervention and may increase transmission.
C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ.
DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO.
CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT.
DELAWARE DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,WILMINGTON,DE.
FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL.
GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA.
LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA.
MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI.
NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM.
S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC.
WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA.
RP WORTLEY, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 29
TC 136
Z9 137
U1 0
U2 3
PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 5
BP 487
EP 492
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA QV680
UT WOS:A1995QV68000011
PM 7639974
ER
PT J
AU MASTRO, TD
LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K
AF MASTRO, TD
LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K
TI CONDOM USE IN THAILAND - HOW MUCH IS IT SLOWING THE HIV AIDS EPIDEMIC
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE HIV; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; THAILAND; PROSTITUTION; CONDOM USE;
HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL TRANSMISSION
ID NORTHERN THAILAND; MEN; INFECTION
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP MASTRO, TD (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,88-7 SOI BAMRASNARADURA,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI,THAILAND.
NR 26
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 3
PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 5
BP 523
EP 525
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA QV680
UT WOS:A1995QV68000016
PM 7639979
ER
PT J
AU ALLAWAY, GP
DAVISBRUNO, KL
BEAUDRY, GA
GARCIA, EB
WONG, EL
RYDER, AM
HASEL, KW
GAUDUIN, MC
KOUP, RA
MCDOUGAL, JS
MADDON, PJ
AF ALLAWAY, GP
DAVISBRUNO, KL
BEAUDRY, GA
GARCIA, EB
WONG, EL
RYDER, AM
HASEL, KW
GAUDUIN, MC
KOUP, RA
MCDOUGAL, JS
MADDON, PJ
TI EXPRESSION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CD4-IGG(2), A NOVEL HETEROTETRAMER
THAT NEUTRALIZES PRIMARY HIV TYPE-1 ISOLATES
SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
LA English
DT Article
ID RECOMBINANT SOLUBLE CD4; INFECTION; VIRUS; MOLECULES; GP120;
DISSOCIATION; INHIBITION; ANTIBODIES; VIRIONS; FUSION
AB CD4-IgG(2) is a novel fusion protein comprising human IgG(2) in which the Fv portions of both heavy and light chains have been replaced by the V1 and V2 domains of human CD4. This tetrameric protein is being developed as an immunoprophylactic agent to reduce the probability of infection following HIV-1 exposure, in settings such as occupational or perinatal exposure to the virus. CD4-IgG(2) has been expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and is secreted as a fully assembled heterotetramer. The protein binds with nanomolar affinity to purified gp120 from both a laboratory-adapted strain and a primary isolate of HIV-1. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits demonstrated that CD4-IgG(2) has a plasma terminal half-life greater than 1 day, compared with 15 min for soluble CD4 (sCD4), CD4-IgG(2) does not bind to Fc receptors on the surface of U937 monocyte/macrophage cells, Compared to molecules that incorporate the Fc portion of IgG(1), CD4-IgG(2) has less potential to mediate functions such as antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or transplacental transmission of HIV-1. When tested in a virus-free HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion assay, the tetrameric CD4-IgG(2) molecule inhibited syncytium formation more effectively than monomeric sCD4 or a dimeric CD4-gamma 2 fusion protein, This suggests the protein will block cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1, Moreover, CD4-IgG(2) effectively neutralized a panel of laboratory-adapted strains and primary isolates of HIV-1, including strains with different tropisms and isolated from different stages of the disease, at concentrations that should be readily achieved in vivo.
C1 AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP ALLAWAY, GP (reprint author), PROGEN PHARMACEUT INC,777 OLD SAW MILL RIVER RD,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591, USA.
NR 29
TC 175
Z9 178
U1 0
U2 4
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 0889-2229
J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV
JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 5
BP 533
EP 539
DI 10.1089/aid.1995.11.533
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA RA347
UT WOS:A1995RA34700001
PM 7576908
ER
PT J
AU SCOTT, NA
CANDAL, FJ
ROBINSON, KA
ADES, EW
AF SCOTT, NA
CANDAL, FJ
ROBINSON, KA
ADES, EW
TI SEEDING EF INTRACORONARY STENTS WITH IMMORTALIZED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR
ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS
SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; INTRAVASCULAR STENTS; FIBRONECTIN;
OCCLUSION; EXPERIENCE; THROMBOSIS; CLOSURE; DESIGN
AB Intracoronary stents are effective in decreasing the complications associated with acute closure during coronary angioplasty. A major complication associated with the use of coronary stents is acute thrombotic occlusion. it has been postulated that the stent loses its thrombogenic potential after it becomes covered with a layer of endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene. Stents were placed in culture media with cells for 2 weeks. Seeding efficiency of the stent with the endothelial cells was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Balloon-expandable coronary stents placed in cell culture with immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells showed near-complete coverage after 2 weeks. After balloon inflation, persistence of cells on the stent was noted only on the lateral aspect of the balloon-expanded stents. If these stents were placed in culture, complete recovery of the monolayer was noted after 3 days. Stents were then covered with endothelial cells and frozen for 4 days. After thawing, the cells adhered to the devices and divided to form a monolayer in tissue culture. Seeded balloon-expandable stents were frozen for 4 months, thawed, and then implanted in a pig coronary artery. Human endothelial cells were identified on the stent 4 hours after deployment. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using a human microvascular endothelial cell line to seed an uncoated metal stent. The cells remain adherent to the stent, are functional after freezing, and remain on the stent at least 3 hours after intracoronary implantation.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP SCOTT, NA (reprint author), EMORY UNIV HOSP,ANDREAS GRUENTZIG CARDIOVASC CTR,SUITE F-606,1364 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009
NR 18
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 2
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318
SN 0002-8703
J9 AM HEART J
JI Am. Heart J.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 129
IS 5
BP 860
EP 866
DI 10.1016/0002-8703(95)90104-3
PG 7
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QX023
UT WOS:A1995QX02300003
PM 7732973
ER
PT J
AU STREICHER, RP
ARNOLD, JE
COOPER, CV
FISCHBACH, TJ
AF STREICHER, RP
ARNOLD, JE
COOPER, CV
FISCHBACH, TJ
TI INVESTIGATION OF THE ABILITY OF MDHS METHOD-25 TO DETERMINE
URETHANE-BOUND ISOCYANATE GROUPS
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB Method 25 for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS 25) of the Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom attempts to identify and quantify all isocyanate species in an air sample. Isocyanate species are derivatized with 1-(2-methonyphenyl)piperazine (MOPP) and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem ultraviolet/electrochemical (UV/EC) detection. The method identifies peaks as being isocyanate-derived if the EC/UV detector response ratio is between 0.75 and 1.5 times that of the derivatized monomer. This investigation sought to determine if the method correctly identifies and accurately quantifies intermediates created during polyurethane formation that possess free isocyanate groups. Model compounds derived from 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and ethylene glycol were prepared. These urethane species contained two (''dimer'') and three (''trimer'') TDI units and terminal MOPP-derivatized isocyanate groups. Like monomeric 2,4-TDI/MOPP urea, each contained two derivatized isocyanate groups per molecule, This investigation found that neither the UV nor the EC response is proportional to the number of isocyanate groups present in the model compounds, Therefore, ii is concluded that MDHS 25 is neither capable of correctly identifying TDI-urethane intermediates possessing MOPP-derivatized isocyanate groups nor is it capable of accurately quantifying these isocyanate groups, The proposed solution to this problem is the utilization of a derivatizing reagent that yields derivatized isocyanate species whose detector responses come more exclusively from the derivatized isocyanate moiety and, therefore, are more proportional to the number of derivatized isocyanate groups.
RP STREICHER, RP (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 13
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 5
BP 437
EP 442
DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0437:IOTAOM>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QX158
UT WOS:A1995QX15800003
PM 7754974
ER
PT J
AU KEYSCHWARTZ, RJ
AF KEYSCHWARTZ, RJ
TI ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH NIOSH METHOD-5521 FOR TOTAL
ISOCYANATES
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPOSURE
AB A recent analysis for total isocyanates in air using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Method 5521 presented difficulties in the identification of an oligomeric isocyanate species. Two problems were encountered during the analysis. A false negative response in the high performance liquid chromatography chromatogram was encountered in a majority of the field samples. An anomalous peak served to give a false positive in some of the field blanks and in some of the field samples. Through supplementing the ratio criterion of Method 5521 using the complete UV absorption spectrum from a photodiode array (PDA) UV detector, the two peaks were successfully identified However, this need for additional data to identify an oligomeric isocyanate species raises the question of whether the ratio criterion of Method 5521 allows the qualitative identification of isocyanate oligomers.
RP KEYSCHWARTZ, RJ (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 15
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 5
BP 474
EP 479
DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0474:APEWNM>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QX158
UT WOS:A1995QX15800007
PM 7754977
ER
PT J
AU SCHLECHT, PC
SHULMAN, SA
AF SCHLECHT, PC
SHULMAN, SA
TI PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY ASBESTOS FIBER COUNTING PERFORMANCE IN THE
PROFICIENCY ANALYTICAL TESTING PROGRAM
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB This report evaluates 20 years (1972-1992) of asbestos fiber count reporting for the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) program, which is operated by the American industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) in cooperation with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Estimates were obtained for total, intracounter, and intercounter variability, Results show that total variability of counting chrysotile asbestos fibers improved by approximately 35% in recent years when compared with the variability found during 1975-1977, at the lowest filter fiber densities used in the PAT program. Total, intercounter, and intracounter variability for counting amosite and chrysotile asbestos fibers also were compared over a sir-year period starting in 1986. PAT program laboratories achieved about one-quarter lower intracounter variability and about one-third lower total and intercounter variability when counting amosite fibers versus chrysotile fibers. In addition, amosite intercounter variability improved by about one-third, with large improvements occurring in the first year that amosite was included in the program. Factors affecting performance, such as changes in phase contrast microscope fiber counting methods, PAT participation, the AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Program, and PAT sample production, are discussed as possible factors affecting variability.
RP SCHLECHT, PC (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R8,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 5
BP 480
EP 489
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QX158
UT WOS:A1995QX15800008
PM 7754978
ER
PT J
AU YIP, R
AF YIP, R
TI THE CHALLENGE OF CONTROLLING IRON-DEFICIENCY - SWEET NEWS FROM GUATEMALA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Note
RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,MS K-25,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 61
IS 5
BP 1164
EP 1165
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA QV695
UT WOS:A1995QV69500023
PM 7733043
ER
PT J
AU BOVE, FJ
FULCOMER, MC
KLOTZ, JB
ESMART, J
DUFFICY, EM
SAVRIN, JE
AF BOVE, FJ
FULCOMER, MC
KLOTZ, JB
ESMART, J
DUFFICY, EM
SAVRIN, JE
TI PUBLIC DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINATION AND BIRTH OUTCOMES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ABNORMALITIES; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT;
INFANT, PREMATURE; REGISTRIES; WATER POLLUTION, CHEMICAL; TERATOGENS;
TRIHALOMETHANES
ID SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; EXPOSURE; MISCLASSIFICATION; CHLOROFORM;
TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MALFORMATIONS; ASSOCIATION; INHALATION; TERATOGENS;
MODEL
AB The effects of public drinking water contamination on birth outcomes were evaluated in an area of northern New Jersey, After excluding plural births and chromosomal defects, 80,938 live births and 594 fetal deaths that occurred during the period 1985-1988 were studied. Information on birth outcome status and maternal risk factors was obtained from vital records and the New Jersey Birth Defects Registry. Monthly exposures during pregnancy were estimated for all births using tap water sample data. Odds ratios of greater than or equal to 1.50 were found for the following: total trihalomethanes with small for gestational age, central nervous system defects, oral cleft defects, and major cardiac defects; carbon tetrachloride with term low birth weight, small for gestational age, very low birth weight, total surveillance birth defects, central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; trichloroethylene with central nervous system defects, neural tube defects, and oral cleft defects; tetrachloroethylene with oral cleft defects; total dichloroethylenes with central nervous system defects and oral cleft defects; benzene with neural tube defects and major cardiac defects; and 1,2-dichloroethane with major cardiac defects. Total trihalomethane levels >100 ppb reduced birth weight among term births by 70.4 g. By itself, this study cannot resolve whether the drinking water contaminants caused the adverse birth outcomes; therefore, these findings should be followed up utilizing available drinking water contamination databases.
C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,CTR HLTH STAT,TRENTON,NJ.
NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ.
NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,DIV FAMILY HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ.
RP BOVE, FJ (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,MAIL STOP E31,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 48
TC 250
Z9 256
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAY 1
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 9
BP 850
EP 862
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QV027
UT WOS:A1995QV02700008
PM 7717362
ER
PT J
AU SCHNITZER, PG
OLSHAN, AF
SAVITZ, DA
ERICKSON, JD
AF SCHNITZER, PG
OLSHAN, AF
SAVITZ, DA
ERICKSON, JD
TI VALIDITY OF MOTHERS REPORT OF FATHERS OCCUPATION IN A STUDY OF PATERNAL
OCCUPATION AND CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ABNORMALITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; INTERVIEWS; OCCUPATIONS
ID PROXY RESPONDENTS; SURROGATE RESPONDENTS; QUESTIONNAIRE DATA;
BIRTH-DEFECTS; COMPARABILITY; EXPOSURE; INFORMATION; ACCURACY; SPOUSE;
RISK
AB Agreement between the mother's and father's report of the father's occupation was assessed in a case-control study of paternal occupation acid birth defects. Cases were identified from births registered with the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program between 1968 and 1980; controls were selected from liveborn infants without defects. Both parents were sought for interview, and each parent was asked about the father's job history for 2 years prior to the infant's birth. This concordance analysis is based on 3,739 case infants and 2,279 control infants for whom both parents were interviewed. The authors considered the father's report of his occupation as correct, and they assessed the ability of the mother to report the same occupation(s) during a 7-month period around conception. The exact agreement between mother's and father's report of the father's occupation was 59%. Agreement improved slightly with increasing family income and when fathers were college graduates. Female partners were not accurate proxy respondents in this study of paternal occupation and birth defects, which suggests that investigators should interview both parents in studies of paternal exposures and reproductive outcomes, i.e., mothers for pregnancy history and maternal confounders and fathers for occupational history and paternal confounders.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECT & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU NICHD NIH HHS [5-T32-HD07168-14]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5-T32-ES07018-17]
NR 27
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAY 1
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 9
BP 872
EP 877
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QV027
UT WOS:A1995QV02700010
PM 7717364
ER
PT J
AU KULLMAN, GJ
GREIFE, AL
COSTELLO, J
HEARL, FJ
AF KULLMAN, GJ
GREIFE, AL
COSTELLO, J
HEARL, FJ
TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO FIBERS AND QUARTZ AT 19 CRUSHED STONE MINING
AND MILLING OPERATIONS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE CRYSTALLINE SILICA; QUARTZ; CRUSHED STONE MINING; FIBERS; ASBESTOS;
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
AB From 1979 to 1982, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a cross-sectional exposure assessment and mortality study of selected crushed stone facilities in the United States. This study was undertaken in part to address concerns that asbestos exposures could be occurring in some crushed stone operations due to the presence of amphibole and serpentine minerals. The investigation was also designed to characterize exposures to crystalline silica and other mineral compounds. Nineteen crushed stone operations, mining limestone, granite, or traprock were surveyed to assess exposures to respirable and total dusts, mineral compounds including crystalline silica, asbestos, and mineral fibers. At the initiation of the study, crushed stone operations were selected from a Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) listing of the active industry in 1978. With the exception of requiring inclusion of the traprock operation in Maryland where asbestos fibers were initially discovered, a stratified sample of operations was randomly selected by rock type (granite, limestone, traprock, or sandstone). However, because of reluctance or refusal of some companies to participate and because of the closures of some of the selected operations, replacements were randomly selected. Some replacement selections were likewise replaced due to lack of cooperation from the companies. The studied sample included only 10 of the 27 randomly selected operations in the original sample. Asbestos fibers were detected at one traprock facility, the Maryland operation where asbestos was originally found. Measured personal exposures to fibers exceeded the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for two out of 10 samples. All of the samples were below the MSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), which was in effect at the time of the survey. However, due to the presence of nonasbestos mineral fibers in the environment, it could not be stated with certainty that all of the fibers counted by phase contrast microscopy were asbestos. A variety of silicate mineral fibers (other than those classified by NIOSH as asbestos) were detected in the traprock operations and at one granite operation. Crystalline silica was detected at 17 of the 19 surveyed crushed stone operations. Overexposures to crystalline silica were measured at 16 of the crushed stone operations; approximately one in seven personal-respirable dust samples (14%) exceeded the MSHA PEL for crystalline silica. Approximately 25% of the respirable dust samples exceeded the NIOSH REL for crystalline silica. Mill operators and mill laborers consistently had the highest and most frequent overexposures to crystalline silica. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
RP KULLMAN, GJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,ENVIRONM INVEST BRANCH,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA.
NR 21
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 5
BP 641
EP 660
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270503
PG 20
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QU239
UT WOS:A1995QU23900002
PM 7611303
ER
PT J
AU UTTERBACK, DF
RINSKY, RA
AF UTTERBACK, DF
RINSKY, RA
TI BENZENE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN RUBBER HYDROCHLORIDE WORKERS - A
CRITICAL-EVALUATION OF PREVIOUS ESTIMATES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE BENZENE; LEUKEMIA; RUBBER HYDROCHLORIDE; RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT
ID LEUKEMIA; COHORT
AB Many risk assessments for leukemia associated with benzene exposure have been based on the mortality experience of the rubber hydrochloride worker cohort. Although there have been several different historical exposure assessments proposed for this cohort, Paustenbach et al. [1992, J Tox Environ Health], recently published a new historical characterization of benzene exposures based on data previously developed by Rinsky et al. [1981, Am J Ind Med] and further modified by Crump and Allen [1984: OSHA]. Adjustments by Paustenbach et al. in the Rinsky et al. data result in retrospective benzene exposure estimates far greater than those previously reported, by an order of magnitude in many cases. Judgments made on the significance of dermal contact and interpretation of historical measurement data led Paustenbach et al. to arrive at exposure estimates for this cohort that are in conflict with what is known about the adverse effects of benzene exposure. More reasonable estimates for dermal absorption are included in this report that do not substantially affect total estimates of benzene exposure for the cohort. The exposure estimates originally presented in the Rinsky et al. article appear in concordance with data not previously reported in any analyses. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
RP UTTERBACK, DF (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 35
TC 21
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 5
BP 661
EP 676
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270504
PG 16
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QU239
UT WOS:A1995QU23900003
PM 7611304
ER
PT J
AU SCHNORR, TM
STEENLAND, K
THUN, MJ
RINSKY, RA
AF SCHNORR, TM
STEENLAND, K
THUN, MJ
RINSKY, RA
TI MORTALITY IN A COHORT OF ANTIMONY SMELTER WORKERS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE ANTIMONY; HEART DISEASE; LUNG CANCER; MORTALITY; MINORITIES; HISPANICS
ID NON-HISPANIC WHITES; TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; DISEASE;
MODELS
AB Animal studies show that antimony may cause lung cancer and heart and lung disease in rodents. In exposed humans, ECG abnormalities and heart and lung disease have been reported. This mortality study of 1,014 men employed between 1937 and 1971 in a Texas antimony smelter consisted primarily of workers of Spanish ancestry (n = 928, 91.5%). Hispanics are known to smoke at much lower rates than non-Hispanics, and their lung cancer and heart disease mortality is generally low. When ethnic-specific Texas lung cancer death rates were used for comparison, mortality from lung cancer among antimony workers was elevated (SMR) 1.39, 90% CI 1.01-1.88), and we observed a significant positive trend in mortality with increasing duration of employment. When ischemic heart disease death rates from three different Spanish-surnamed populations were used for comparison, the rate ratios for mortality from ischemic heart disease were 0.91 (90% CI 0.84-1.09), 1.22 (90% CI 0.78-1.89), and 1.49 (90% CI 0.84-2.63). Pneumoconiosis/ other lung disease death rates for Spanish-surnamed men were unavailable and so calculation of rate ratios used white males as a comparison population (SMR 1.22; 90% CI 0.80-1.8O). These data suggest some increased mortality from lung cancer and perhaps nonmalignant respiratory heart disease in workers exposed to antimony. However, conclusions are limited by possible confounders and the difficulty of identifying appropriate referent groups. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
RP SCHNORR, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 29
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 5
BP 759
EP 770
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270510
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QU239
UT WOS:A1995QU23900009
PM 7611310
ER
PT J
AU DANNENBERG, AL
CARTER, DM
LAWSON, HW
ASHTON, DM
DORFMAN, SF
GRAHAM, EH
AF DANNENBERG, AL
CARTER, DM
LAWSON, HW
ASHTON, DM
DORFMAN, SF
GRAHAM, EH
TI HOMICIDE AND OTHER INJURIES AS CAUSES OF MATERNAL DEATH IN
NEW-YORK-CITY, 1987 THROUGH 1991
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MATERNAL MORTALITY; HOMICIDE; INJURY; PREGNANCY
ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; VIOLENCE; ASCERTAINMENT; PREGNANCY; WOMEN
AB OBJECTIVES: We attempted to document the role of homicide and other injuries as causes of maternal death and to compare the risk of fatal injury among pregnant women with that in the general population.
STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed New York City medical examiner records of 2331 women aged 15 to 44 years who died of injury in 1987 through 1991. Pregnancies were identified from autopsy information.
RESULTS: A total of 115 (39%) of 293 deaths in currently or recently pregnant women were attributable to injury. These 115 deaths included homicide (63%), suicide (13%), motor vehicle crashes (12%), and drug overdoses (7%). Minority women were overrepresented among the injury deaths (black 53%, Hispanic 24%, white 19%). Recent substance use was documented in 48% of the injury deaths. Pregnancy was documented on only 35% of the 115 death certificates. The risk of fatal injury is similar for currently pregnant women and for women in the general population, except for an increased risk of homicide among pregnant black women.
CONCLUSIONS: Homicide and other injuries are major contributors to maternal mortality and should be (but rarely are) included routinely in maternal mortality surveillance systems. Prenatal and postpartum clinic visits represent an ideal time to implement interventions to prevent injuries among pregnant women.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAMS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR MATERN SERV & FAMILY PLANNING,NEW YORK,NY.
CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY.
RP DANNENBERG, AL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY PREVENT,624 N BROADWAY,ROOM 545,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA.
FU PHS HHS [R49/CCR302486]
NR 25
TC 87
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 4
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318
SN 0002-9378
J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 172
IS 5
BP 1557
EP 1564
DI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90496-4
PG 8
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA QZ874
UT WOS:A1995QZ87400033
PM 7755071
ER
PT J
AU BAKER, EL
TYLER, CW
AF BAKER, EL
TYLER, CW
TI RESEARCH LINKAGES BETWEEN ACADEMIA AND PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE - CAN THEY
BECOME A PRACTICAL REALITY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
SU S
BP 13
EP 13
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA RE570
UT WOS:A1995RE57000009
PM 7669355
ER
PT J
AU LIANG, AP
DYSINGER, WS
RING, AR
HERSEY, JC
PARKINSON, M
CATES, W
AF LIANG, AP
DYSINGER, WS
RING, AR
HERSEY, JC
PARKINSON, M
CATES, W
TI PRACTICING PREVENTIVE MEDICINE - A NATIONAL SURVEY OF GENERAL PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE RESIDENCY GRADUATES - UNITED-STATES, 1991
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB We conducted a national survey of all physicians who graduated from preventive medicine residency (PMR) programs between 1979 and 1989. We mailed a self-administered questionnaire to all PMR graduates of the 43 U.S. programs in General Preventive Medicine and Public Health, requesting information on their current professional activities. Out of 1,070 PMR graduates, 797 (75%) responded to the survey. Overall, graduates were distinguished from other physicians by both work setting and work activities. PMR graduates worked predominantly in institutional settings: in federal or state health agencies, academia, or hospitals/clinics. In addition to maintaining their involvement in clinical medicine, PMR graduates were heavily involved in epidemiologic research and program management. This unique blend of organizational skills, expertise in population-based research, and clinical experience makes PMR graduates an increasingly important human resource as health care reform increases the population of patients being cared for in a managed care setting.
RP LIANG, AP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
BP 139
EP 144
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA RD138
UT WOS:A1995RD13800001
PM 7662391
ER
PT J
AU GILES, WH
CROFT, JB
KEENAN, NL
LANE, MJ
WHEELER, FC
AF GILES, WH
CROFT, JB
KEENAN, NL
LANE, MJ
WHEELER, FC
TI THE VALIDITY OF SELF-REPORTED HYPERTENSION AND CORRELATES OF
HYPERTENSION AWARENESS AMONG BLACKS AND WHITES WITHIN THE STROKE BELT
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB Hypertension surveillance activities increasingly are relying on information obtained by self-report. However, limited information is available concerning the validity of such data, especially among populations residing within the stroke belt. We used interview information and blood pressure measurements from the South Carolina Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Project to determine the validity of self-reported hypertension and the correlates of hypertension awareness among 2,210 whites and 704 blacks who participated in the program in 1987. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of self-reported hypertension were 79%, 91%, 76%, and 93% among white women; 82%, 88%, 79%, and 89% among black women; 62%, 91%, 75%, and 85% among white men; and 72%, 89%, 78%, and 85% among black men, respectively. Groups with highest sensitivity included women, persons older than age 39 years, and those who had seen a physician for preventive care within the last year. Correlates of hypertension awareness included an older age, visit to a physician for preventive care, and a family history of high blood pressure. Among hypertensive blacks, overweight persons were substantially more likely than nonoverweight persons to be aware of their hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 4.6, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.9, 10.7 in black women and OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 17.9 in black men). The validity of self-reported hypertension was relatively high in all race-sex groups. There is a need to increase hypertension awareness among hypertensive blacks who are not overweight.
RP GILES, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MAILSTOP K-47,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 0
TC 98
Z9 100
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
BP 163
EP 169
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA RD138
UT WOS:A1995RD13800005
PM 7662395
ER
PT J
AU HEATH, GW
FUCHS, R
CROFT, JB
TEMPLE, SP
WHEELER, FC
AF HEATH, GW
FUCHS, R
CROFT, JB
TEMPLE, SP
WHEELER, FC
TI CHANGES IN BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AWARENESS - FINAL RESULTS FROM THE
SOUTH-CAROLINA CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION PROJECT
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB We examined changes in five indicators of blood cholesterol awareness in two comparable biracial communities in South Carolina. One community received three years of cholesterol education and intervention activities implemented by a state health department and the other served as a comparison. Cross-sectional, inter viewer-administered, random digit-dialed telephone surveys of 11,070 adults 18 years and older were conducted in 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1991. Changes in community levels of knowledge, preventive behavior, risk awareness, and treatment were assessed and compared between the two communities with analysis of covariance techniques that adjusted for age, race, and sex. Significant increases in knowledge, behavior, and risk awareness were observed for most groups defined by race, sex, or age in both communities. Significant net intervention increases between 1987 and 1991 were seen for knowledge of good cholesterol level (+16.4%, P <.001); behavioral action of ever having blood cholesterol checked (+18.6%, P <.001); and knowledge of personal level of blood cholesterol (+16.0%, P <.01). These results suggest that a community-wide blood cholesterol screening and education program can be effective in increasing blood cholesterol knowledge, risk awareness, and preventive behavior, thus serving as part of a public health strategy to lower and treat high blood cholesterol levels in a community.
RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU402234]
NR 0
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
BP 190
EP 196
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA RD138
UT WOS:A1995RD13800009
PM 7662399
ER
PT J
AU MARQUETTE, CM
KOONIN, LM
ANTARSH, L
GARGIULLO, PM
SMITH, JC
AF MARQUETTE, CM
KOONIN, LM
ANTARSH, L
GARGIULLO, PM
SMITH, JC
TI VASECTOMY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1991
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; FEMALE STERILIZATION; COHORT; MEN; PHYSICIANS
AB Objectives. Recent conflicting findings on possible health risks related to vasectomy have underscored the need for reliable and representative estimates of numbers and rates of vasectomies in the United States. The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual US number, rate, and characteristics of vasectomies in 1991.
Methods. A national survey of urology, general surgery, and family practice physician practices was conducted with probability sampling methods (n = 1685 physicians).
Results. An estimated 493 487 (95% confidence interval = 450 480, 536 494) vasectomies were performed in 1991, for a rate of 10.3 procedures per 1000 men aged 25 through 49 years. Most vasectomies were performed by urologists, and most were done in physicians' offices with local anesthesia and ligation as the method of occlusion. The rate of vasectomies was highest in the Midwest.
Conclusions. This survey provides the first national estimates of the number and rate of vasectomies in the United States, as well as the first estimates of occlusion method used. Results confirm previous findings that urologists perform most vasectomies and that most vasectomies are performed with local anesthesia. Recommendations include the monitoring of vasectomy numbers and rates as well as demographic studies of men obtaining vasectomies.
C1 AVSC INT,NEW YORK,NY 10016.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 29
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 644
EP 649
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.644
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QW839
UT WOS:A1995QW83900009
PM 7733423
ER
PT J
AU BYERS, T
MULLIS, R
ANDERSON, J
DUSENBURY, L
GORSKY, R
KIMBER, C
KRUEGER, K
KUESTER, S
MOKDAD, A
PERRY, G
SMITH, CA
AF BYERS, T
MULLIS, R
ANDERSON, J
DUSENBURY, L
GORSKY, R
KIMBER, C
KRUEGER, K
KUESTER, S
MOKDAD, A
PERRY, G
SMITH, CA
TI THE COSTS AND EFFECTS OF A NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION-PROGRAM FOLLOWING
WORK-SITE CHOLESTEROL SCREENING
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; HEALTH;
REDUCTION; BENEFITS; PROJECT
AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the costs and impact of a nutrition education program following a cholesterol screening.
Methods. Forty work-sites were randomly assigned to one of two educational interventions: a ''usual'' intervention of 5 minutes of counseling, or a ''special'' intervention of 2 hours of behaviorally based education on dietary changes to lower serum cholesterol. Costs were monitored, and cholesterol levels were retested 5 and 12 months later.
Results. The total per-person cost for screening and the educational intervention was about $50. Cholesterol levels differed little between the two intervention groups 6 months after screening, but after 12 months those in the special intervention worksites showed a 6.5% drop in cholesterol, whereas those at the usual intervention worksites showed a drop of only 3.0%. Hence a 3.5% cholesterol reduction was attributable to the special intervention.
Conclusions. A behaviorally based nutrition education program following cholesterol screening can have a meaningful impact on longterm cholesterol levels at a low cost. Nutrition education in work-sites may therefore be a useful way to lower the risk of heart disease in communities.
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO.
UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DURHAM,NH 03824.
MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN.
WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA.
MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO.
RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 27
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 650
EP 655
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.650
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QW839
UT WOS:A1995QW83900010
PM 7733424
ER
PT J
AU BLANK, S
SCANLON, KS
SINKS, TH
LETT, S
FALK, H
AF BLANK, S
SCANLON, KS
SINKS, TH
LETT, S
FALK, H
TI AN OUTBREAK OF HYPERVITAMINOSIS-D ASSOCIATED WITH THE OVERFORTIFICATION
OF MILK FROM A HOME-DELIVERY DAIRY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HYPERCALCEMIA
AB Objectives. The purpose of the study was to identify cases of hypervitaminosis D caused by the inadvertent overfortification of milk from a home-delivery dairy and to identify risk factors for this illness.
Methods. Hospital discharge, laboratory, and state health department data were used to define, identify, and describe cases of hypervitaminosis D diagnosed in the exposed communities between January 1, 1985, and June 30, 1991. To identify disease risk factors, community-based sex- and age-matched controls were used in a case-control study.
Results. Of the 56 case patients identified, at least 41 were hospitalized; 2 died. The study included 33 case patients and 93 control subjects. Nineteen of the 33 case patients had been customers of the implicated dairy. Risk of illness rose with increasing consumption of the dairy's milk and was also associated with vitamin D supplement use, sunburn susceptibility, and cancer history. Accounting for these factors did not alter the association between drinking the dairy's milk and developing hypervitaminosis D.
Conclusions. Overfortification of milk with vitamin D can lead to hypervitaminosis D, manifested by severe illness and death. The episode highlights the need for monitoring the fortification process and enforcing the upper limit for vitamin D addition to milk.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA.
MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02116.
NR 27
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 656
EP 659
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.656
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QW839
UT WOS:A1995QW83900011
PM 7733425
ER
PT J
AU SIEGEL, PZ
BRACKBILL, RM
HEATH, GW
AF SIEGEL, PZ
BRACKBILL, RM
HEATH, GW
TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF WALKING FOR EXERCISE - IMPLICATIONS FOR PROMOTING
ACTIVITY AMONG SEDENTARY GROUPS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; ADULT PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FITNESS; HEALTH;
WOMEN; MORTALITY; MEN
AB The relative contribution of walking to overall leisure-time physical activity participation rates was studied among respondents from the 45 states that participated in the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 81 557). The percent ages of low income, unemployed, and obese persons who engaged in leisure-time physical activity (range = 51.1% to 57.7%) were substantially lower than the percentage among the total adult population (70.3%). In contrast, the prevalence of walking for exercise among these sedentary groups (range = 32.5% to 35.9%) was similar to that among the total population (35.6%). Walking appears to be an acceptable, accessible exercise activity, especially among population subgroups with a low prevalence of leisure-time physical activity.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP SIEGEL, PZ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 38
TC 161
Z9 163
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 706
EP 710
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.706
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QW839
UT WOS:A1995QW83900019
PM 7733433
ER
PT J
AU DREWS, CD
YEARGINALLSOPP, M
MURPHY, CC
DECOUFLE, P
AF DREWS, CD
YEARGINALLSOPP, M
MURPHY, CC
DECOUFLE, P
TI CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION AS A CAUSE OF HEARING-LOSS AMONG CHILDREN -
REPLY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Letter
C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECT & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP DREWS, CD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,1518 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016
OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 734
EP 735
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.734-a
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QW839
UT WOS:A1995QW83900030
ER
PT J
AU CHOI, HW
BREMAN, JG
TEUTSCH, SM
LIU, SM
HIGHTOWER, AW
SEXTON, JD
AF CHOI, HW
BREMAN, JG
TEUTSCH, SM
LIU, SM
HIGHTOWER, AW
SEXTON, JD
TI THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSECTICIDE-IMPREGNATED BED NETS IN REDUCING CASES
OF MALARIA INFECTION - A METAANALYSIS OF PUBLISHED RESULTS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MOSQUITO-NETS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; PREVENT MALARIA;
WESTERN KENYA; BURKINA-FASO; BEDNETS; TRIAL; AREA; TRANSMISSION
AB The use of insecticide-impregnated bed nets to minimize human-vector contact may reduce the incidence Consequently, several field trials have evaluated their effectiveness as a malaria prevention strategy. A meta-analysis of published reports of field trials that measured the incidence of infections was performed to provide a measure of the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets in preventing clinical malaria. Subsetted analyses were performed on the 10 field trials to calculate pooled incidence rate ratios of infection among the study groups. For the studies comparing insecticide-impregnated bed nets with untreated bed nets, the summary incidence rate ratio for acquiring malarial infections was 0.757 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.612-0.938), representing a reduction of 24%. For the studies comparing permethrin-impregnated bed nets with controls without bed nets, the summary incidence rate ratio was 0.497 (95% CI = 0.417-0.592) (Rothman-Boice heterogeneity statistics = 17.27 [P = 0.004] and 23.55 [P = 0.0003], respectively). These data suggest that insecticide-impregnated bed nets are effective in preventing malaria, decreasing the incidence rate ratio by approximately 50% in field trials performed to date.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP CHOI, HW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,OFF DIRECTOR,PREVENT EFFECTIVENESS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014
OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844
NR 35
TC 114
Z9 117
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 5
BP 377
EP 382
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA RB019
UT WOS:A1995RB01900001
PM 7771600
ER
PT J
AU KLEIN, RE
WELLER, SC
ZEISSIG, R
RICHARDS, FO
RUEBUSH, TK
AF KLEIN, RE
WELLER, SC
ZEISSIG, R
RICHARDS, FO
RUEBUSH, TK
TI KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES IN RELATION TO MALARIA TRANSMISSION
AND VECTOR CONTROL IN GUATEMALA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPREGNATED BED NETS; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; PERMETHRIN
AB As part of an effort to involve community members in malaria control activities, we studied knowledge, beliefs, and practices of residents of both the Pacific coastal plain and northeastern Guatemala related to malaria transmission and Anopheles albimanus control. Most residents recognized the role of mosquitoes in malaria transmission, but few knew how mosquitoes acquired their infections or understood the risk of having an untreated person in their midst. If this were more widely known, residents might put greater pressure on infected patients to seek timely and appropriate antimalarial treatment. Seventy-three percent of families owned one or more bed nets; however, even though most informants believed that bed nets help protect against malaria, the major reason for using them was to prevent nuisance mosquito bites. It is concluded that efforts should be made to promote bed net use by seeking ways to make them more affordable and by emphasizing their effectiveness as a barrier to nuisance mosquitoes. Although residents have a very positive opinion of the National Malaria Service spray teams, it is proposed that cooperation might be improved if malaria workers would emphasize the fact that house spraying reduces the numbers of nuisance mosquitoes and other pest insects, rather than focusing solely on malaria prevention, which most informants believed was less important. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding community beliefs and practices when planning or evaluating vector control activities.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS F22,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
UNIV VALLE GUATEMALA,CTR HLTH STUDIES,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA.
UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,DIV SOCIOMED SCI,GALVESTON,TX 77550.
MINIST SALUD PUBL & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,DIV MALARIA,SERV NACL ERRADICAC MALARIA,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA.
OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X
NR 20
TC 40
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 5
BP 383
EP 388
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA RB019
UT WOS:A1995RB01900002
PM 7771601
ER
PT J
AU CHILDS, JE
KREBS, JW
KSIAZEK, TG
MAUPIN, GO
GAGE, KL
ROLLIN, PE
ZEITZ, PS
SARISKY, J
ENSCORE, RE
BUTLER, JC
CHEEK, JE
GLASS, GE
PETERS, CJ
AF CHILDS, JE
KREBS, JW
KSIAZEK, TG
MAUPIN, GO
GAGE, KL
ROLLIN, PE
ZEITZ, PS
SARISKY, J
ENSCORE, RE
BUTLER, JC
CHEEK, JE
GLASS, GE
PETERS, CJ
TI A HOUSEHOLD-BASED, CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS
ASSOCIATED WITH HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN THE SOUTHWESTERN
UNITED-STATES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
AB During an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States, trained environmental assessment teams conducted surveys at 17 case-patient homes and matched controls from June through August 1993. Variables related to rodent abundance were quantified and standardized rodent trapping was conducted around and within households. The majority of households were located in pinon-juniper vegetation zones, and there were no significant differences in the type of house in which cases and controls lived. The only environmental factor that distinguished case households from controls was significantly higher small rodent densities (median trap success for case sites = 17.3%, 12.7% for near controls, and 8.3% for far controls). Frequency of hantaviral infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) did not vary significantly among households of cases and controls, with a range of 27.5-32.5% antibody-positive. Indices of rodent fecal contamination were slightly higher in case houses. The data indicate that higher rodent densities were associated with households in which HPS cases occurred. Strategies that control rodent numbers and decrease rodent access to dwellings may reduce risk of human infection.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA.
OFF ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN, NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV, WINDOW ROCK, AZ 86515 USA.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA.
INDIAN HLTH SERV HEADQUARTERS W, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87110 USA.
RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012;
OI Zeitz, Paul/0000-0002-0865-088X
NR 18
TC 53
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 5
BP 393
EP 397
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA RB019
UT WOS:A1995RB01900004
PM 7771603
ER
PT J
AU DALTON, MJ
CLARKE, MJ
HOLMAN, RC
KREBS, JW
FISHBEIN, DB
OLSON, JG
CHILDS, JE
AF DALTON, MJ
CLARKE, MJ
HOLMAN, RC
KREBS, JW
FISHBEIN, DB
OLSON, JG
CHILDS, JE
TI NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE FOR ROCKY-MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER, 1981-1992 -
EPIDEMIOLOGIC SUMMARY AND EVALUATION OF RISK-FACTORS FOR FATAL OUTCOME
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII
AB Between 1981 and 1992, the Centers for Disease Control collected and summarized 9,223 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) reported from 46 states. Four states (North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and South Carolina) accounted for 48% of the reports. The annual incidence per million U.S. population decreased from a high in 1981 of 5.2 to a low in 1992 of 2.0, primarily due to decreased incidence in the southeast. Case report forms were filed on 7,650 patients, of whom 4,217 had laboratory-confirmed RMSE The age group with the highest incidence was those 5-9 years of age. Most cases (90.0%) occurred between April 1 and September 30 and included a history of tick attachment (59.6%). Reported symptoms included fever (94.0%), headache (86.2%), myalgia (82.5%), and rash (80.2%). The case-fatality ratio was 4.0%. Risk factors associated with death included older age, delay in treatment or no treatment, and treatment with chloramphenicol (compared with tetracycline); however, insufficient data existed to fully assess the confounding effect of severity of illness on antibiotic choice.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,INT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BIOMETR ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012
NR 42
TC 115
Z9 122
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 5
BP 405
EP 413
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA RB019
UT WOS:A1995RB01900007
PM 7771606
ER
PT J
AU ROBERT, LM
CHAMBERLAND, ME
CLEVELAND, JL
MARCUS, R
GOOCH, BF
SRIVASTAVA, PU
CULVER, DH
JAFFE, HW
MARIANOS, DW
PANLILIO, AL
BELL, DM
AF ROBERT, LM
CHAMBERLAND, ME
CLEVELAND, JL
MARCUS, R
GOOCH, BF
SRIVASTAVA, PU
CULVER, DH
JAFFE, HW
MARIANOS, DW
PANLILIO, AL
BELL, DM
TI INVESTIGATIONS OF PATIENTS OF HEALTH-CARE WORKERS INFECTED WITH HIV -
THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL AND PREVENTION DATABASE
SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HEALTH PERSONNEL; DISEASE
TRANSMISSION, PROFESSIONAL-TO-PATIENT; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SYNDROME; RISK
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LOOK-BACK; TRANSMISSION; SURGEON;
DENTISTS; ABSENCE; RISK
AB Objective: To assess the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from an infected health care worker to patients.
Design: Survey of investigators from health departments, hospitals, and other agencies who had elected to notify patients who had received care from health care workers infected with HIV.
Measurements: Information was collected about infected health care workers, their work practices, their patients' HIV test results, procedures that they did on those of their patients who were tested for HIV, and patient notification procedures.
Results: As of 1 January 1995, information about investigations of 64 health care workers infected with HIV was reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HIV test results were available for approximately 22 171 patients of 51 of the 64 health care workers. For 37 of the 51 workers, no seropositive patients were reported among 13 063 patients tested for HIV. For the remaining 14 health care workers, 113 seropositive patients were reported among 9108 patients. Epidemiologic and laboratory follow-up did not show any health care worker to have been a source of HIV for any of the patients tested.
Conclusion: Despite limitations, these data are consistent with previous assessments that state that the risk for transmission of HIV from a health care worker to a patient is very small. These data also support current recommendations that state that retrospective patient notification need not be done routinely.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP ROBERT, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-68,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 27
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572
SN 0003-4819
J9 ANN INTERN MED
JI Ann. Intern. Med.
PD MAY 1
PY 1995
VL 122
IS 9
BP 653
EP 657
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QV151
UT WOS:A1995QV15100002
PM 7702226
ER
PT J
AU WHITE, MC
JOHNSON, CA
ASHLEY, DL
BUCHTA, TM
PELLETIER, DJ
AF WHITE, MC
JOHNSON, CA
ASHLEY, DL
BUCHTA, TM
PELLETIER, DJ
TI EXPOSURE TO METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER FROM OXYGENATED GASOLINE IN
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB In 1993, state health officials in Connecticut invited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assist in an investigation of exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether in oxygenated gasoline in Stamford, Connecticut. Venous blood samples were collected from 14 commuters and from 30 other persons who worked in the vicinity of traffic or automobiles, and the samples were analyzed for methyl tertiary-butyl ether, tertiary-butyl alcohol, benzene, m-/p-xylene, o-xylene, and toluene. The highest levels of methyl tertiary-butyl ether in blood were measured among gasoline service station attendants (median = 15 mu g/l, range = 7.6-28.9 mu g/l). Blood levels of methyl tertiary-butyl ether were highly variable among persons who worked in car-repair shops (median = 1.73 mu g/l, range 0.17-36.7 mu g/l) and were generally lowest among commuters (median = 0.11 mu g/l, range = < 0.05-2.60 mu g/l). Blood levels of methyl tertiary-butyl ether were correlated strongly with personal-breathing-zone samples of methyl tertiary-butyl ether and blood levels of other volatile organic compounds. This exposure information should prove useful to a future risk analysis of this high-volume chemical.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH.
STATE CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & OCCUPAT HLTH,HARTFORD,CT.
RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012
OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962
NR 18
TC 48
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 0
PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802
SN 0003-9896
J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH
JI Arch. Environ. Health
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 50
IS 3
BP 183
EP 189
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA RL502
UT WOS:A1995RL50200001
PM 7618951
ER
PT J
AU WALKER, B
AF WALKER, B
TI UNTITLED
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Letter
RP WALKER, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,BOARD SCI COUNSELORS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802
SN 0003-9896
J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH
JI Arch. Environ. Health
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 50
IS 3
BP 252
EP 252
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA RL502
UT WOS:A1995RL50200012
PM 7618960
ER
PT J
AU SCHWARTZ, DA
ABOUELELLA, A
WILCOX, CM
GORELKIN, L
VISVESVARA, GS
THOMPSON, SE
WEBER, R
BRYAN, RT
AF SCHWARTZ, DA
ABOUELELLA, A
WILCOX, CM
GORELKIN, L
VISVESVARA, GS
THOMPSON, SE
WEBER, R
BRYAN, RT
TI THE PRESENCE OF ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI SPORES IN THE LAMINA PROPRIA OF
SMALL-BOWEL BIOPSIES WITH NO EVIDENCE OF DISSEMINATED MICROSPORIDIOSIS
SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS;
ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; AIDS PATIENTS;
DIARRHEA; FEATURES; CHOLANGITIS; PULMONARY
AB Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently reported microsporidial infection of humans. In patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Enterocytozoon infects the lining epithelial cells of the small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, and gallbladder. Because Enterocytozoon has been thought to be limited to infecting lining epithelial cells, the mechanism of spread of E bieneusi within the intestine, to the biliary tract, and, in two case reports, to distant organs remains unknown. This report describes a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and intestinal microsporidiosis due to E bieneusi. Histopathologic examination of well-oriented biopsies from the duodenum and jejunum revealed both intra- and extracellular spores of Enterocytozoon extending deeply into the lamina propria, where they were located adjacent to capillaries. The patient has not developed disseminated disease 20 months after the initial diagnosis. In this patient, the demonstration of E bieneusi spores in extraepithelial tissues does not appear to be associated with development of subsequent systemic infection.
C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SCI RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA.
UNIV ZURICH HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ZURICH,SWITZERLAND.
RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011
NR 28
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS
PI NORTHFIELD
PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750
SN 0003-9985
J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED
JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 119
IS 5
BP 424
EP 428
PG 5
WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental;
Pathology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine;
Pathology
GA QX384
UT WOS:A1995QX38400012
PM 7748069
ER
PT J
AU SWEENEY, P
LINDEGREN, ML
BUEHLER, JW
ONORATO, IM
JANSSEN, RS
AF SWEENEY, P
LINDEGREN, ML
BUEHLER, JW
ONORATO, IM
JANSSEN, RS
TI TEENAGERS AT RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION -
RESULTS FROM SEROPREVALENCE SURVEYS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV-INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; AIDS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; TRENDS
AB Objective: To describe the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among teenagers attending selected clinics.
Design: Anonymous, cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 130 clinics in 24 cities.
Settings: Adolescent medicine clinics, sexually transmitted disease clinics, clinics in juvenile detention and correctional facilities, and homeless and runaway youth centers.
Patients: Teenagers in whom serum samples were drawn as part of routine medical services.
Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of HIV-1 infection and reported HIV risk behaviors.
Results: From January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1992, serum specimens were collected from 79802 teenagers; 591 of these specimens were positive for HIV-1 antibody. Seropositive test results were found in all 24 cities surveyed, and in 95 (73%) of the 130 clinics surveyed. The median clinic-specific prevalence was 0.2% (range, 0% to 1.4%) in 22 adolescent medicine clinics, 0.3% (range, 0% to 6.8%) in 33 correctional facilities, 0.5% (range, 0% to 3.5%) in 70 sexually transmitted disease clinics, and 1.1% (range, 0% to 4.1%) in five homeless youth centers. Rates exceeded 1% in 37 sites (28%). Excluding sites with many men reporting sex with men, rates in women were similar or somewhat higher than rates in men. Rates were highest among young men reporting sex with men, with clinic rates ranging from 16% to 17% in two homeless youth sites and 13% to 17% in two sexually transmitted disease clinics. Most teenagers with risk information reported heterosexual activity as their only potential risk exposure to HIV-1.
Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HIV was generally low but varied by type of clinic and geographic area. The highest rates were observed among young women and gay men in some settings, suggesting that targeted prevention messages are needed.
RP SWEENEY, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP E-47, 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014
NR 39
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA
SN 1072-4710
EI 1538-3628
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 149
IS 5
BP 521
EP 528
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QW848
UT WOS:A1995QW84800006
PM 7735404
ER
PT J
AU GRIFFIN, MR
DAUGHERTY, J
REED, GW
STANDAERT, SM
HUTCHINS, SS
HUTCHESON, RH
SCHAFFNER, W
AF GRIFFIN, MR
DAUGHERTY, J
REED, GW
STANDAERT, SM
HUTCHINS, SS
HUTCHESON, RH
SCHAFFNER, W
TI IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG INFANTS ENROLLED IN THE TENNESSEE MEDICAID
PROGRAM
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN
AB Objectives: To determine immunization coverage of infants receiving Medicaid in Tennessee and to identify risk factors for failure to complete recommended vaccinations by 24 months of age.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Subjects: A total of 33615 children born in one of three urban Tennessee counties from 1980 through 1989 who were enrolled in Medicaid throughout their first 24 months of life.
Main Outcome Measures: Receipt of four diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, three oral polio, and one measles-mumps-rubella vaccines by 24 months of age (up-to-date), as recorded in computerized county immunization records and Medicaid billing files.
Results: Overall, 45% of infants enrolled in Medicaid in the three urban counties completed the recommended vaccinations by 24 months. The proportion of infants up-to-date peaked at 50% for those born in 1982 and 1983, and decreased to 44% for those born in 1989. The only strong independent predictors of immunization completion were number of prior births for the mother, timing of the first immunization, and county of birth. The proportion up-to-date tvas 56% for first-born children compared with 27% for those whose mothers had at least three prior births; 55% for those whose first immunization was on time compared with 22% for those with a delay in the first immunization; and 63%, 52%, and 37% for infants born in the three respective counties. Maternal age, education, race, and marital status predicted immunization completeness only weakly or not at all.
Conclusion: Of infants born in the three counties in the 1980s who were enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program, fewer than half completed their recommended childhood-vaccinations by 24 months of age. The large differences in immunization levels between infants enrolled in the Medicaid program in the three counties, not accounted for by differences in demographics, suggest that factors related to the health care and vaccine delivery system have important effects on achieving adequate immunization of these infants.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH COMMUNICABLE DIS,NASHVILLE,TN.
RP GRIFFIN, MR (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,A-1124 MCN,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA.
FU FDA HHS [FD-U-000073]
NR 28
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 149
IS 5
BP 559
EP 564
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QW848
UT WOS:A1995QW84800019
PM 7735413
ER
PT J
AU KALATOOR, S
GRINSHPUN, SA
WILLEKE, K
AF KALATOOR, S
GRINSHPUN, SA
WILLEKE, K
TI NEW AEROSOL SAMPLER WITH LOW WIND SENSITIVITY AND GOOD FILTER COLLECTION
UNIFORMITY
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE PERSONAL SAMPLER; PARTICLE LOSSES; PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING
EFFICIENCY; INLET
ID AIRBORNE TOTAL DUST; EFFICIENCY; CASSETTES; ASPIRATION; WORKPLACES
AB The overall sampling efficiency of many aerosol samplers is sensitive to wind velocity and direction. In addition, most samplers have internal losses due to gravitational settling, electrostatic interactions, and internal turbulence. A new sampling inlet has been designed to reduce these problems. The flow patterns over the new prototype sampler were visualized in a horizontal wind tunnel. Visualization of the streamlines over the new sampler and limiting-streamline quantitative analysis showed negligible turbulence effects due to the inlet's geometry. The overall sampling efficiency of the prototype sampler was compared to that of a 25 mm closed-face cassette. Uranine was used as the challenge aerosol with particle physical diameters of 13.5, 20 and 30 mum. The wind velocity ranged from 100 to 300 cm s-1. Evaluation of the data showed the new sampler to be less significantly affected by wind direction and magnitude. The particle distribution observed on the sampler's filter was found to be reasonably uniform, an advantage for several types of analyses.
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,AEROSOL RES LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45267.
US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOHS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
NR 37
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 29
IS 10
BP 1105
EP 1112
DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00044-Y
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA RE359
UT WOS:A1995RE35900004
ER
PT J
AU KANG, DH
ROTHMAN, N
POIRIER, MC
GREENBERG, A
HSU, CH
SCHWARTZ, BS
BASER, ME
GROOPMAN, JD
WESTON, A
STRICKLAND, PT
AF KANG, DH
ROTHMAN, N
POIRIER, MC
GREENBERG, A
HSU, CH
SCHWARTZ, BS
BASER, ME
GROOPMAN, JD
WESTON, A
STRICKLAND, PT
TI INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF
1-HYDROXYPYRENE-GLUCURONIDE IN URINE AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBON-DNA ADDUCTS IN PERIPHERAL WHITE BLOOD-CELLS AFTER
CHARBROILED BEEF CONSUMPTION
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID COKE-OVEN WORKERS; HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; BENZOPYRENE DIOL
EPOXIDE; FOUNDRY WORKERS; METABOLITES; LYMPHOCYTES; ENZYMES;
BENZO(A)PYRENE; CARCINOGENESIS; ANTIBODIES
AB Biological markers of internal dose and macromolecular dose from PAHs provide a potential means of assessing environmental exposure to PAHs through inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption, In this study we examined the time course and interindividual variation of 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide (1-OHP-gluc) excretion in urine and PAH-DNA adduct formation in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) after charbroiled (CB) beef consumption, As a marker of internal dose, 1-OHP-gluc was measured in human urine using immunoaffinity chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, PAH-DNA adducts were measured in WBCs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to assess macromolecular dose, Ten healthy non-smoking males consumed identical amounts of CB beef on five consecutive days, Multiple blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after the feeding period, The morning after the first day of CB beef consumption, individual urinary concentrations of 1-OHP-gluc increased 10- to 80-fold (range: 2.0-16.6 pmol/ml urine) above pre-feed baseline concentrations (0.23 +/- 0.11 pmol/ml) in the 10 subjects, 1-OHP-gluc concentration decreased to near baseline levels by 24-72 h after CB beef consumption ended, In contrast, PAH-DNA adducts in WBCs increased markedly in only four of 10 subjects during or after CB beef consumption, Significant interindividual variation was observed for both urinary 1-OHP-gluc concentration (P < 0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis) and PAH-DNA adduct levels (P < 0.005) during the feeding period, The mean urinary 1-OHP-gluc concentration for each subject during and immediately after (days 2-8) the feeding period was significantly correlated with their mean PAH-DNA adduct level in WBCs during the same time period (Spearman r = 0.79, P < 0.01), Evidence of segregation of the subjects into separate response groups based on level of urinary 1-OHP-gluc was observed, suggesting that discrete determinants may regulate the absorption, metabolism and/or excretion of ingested pyrene.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903.
MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,NEW YORK,NY.
RP KANG, DH (reprint author), NIOSH,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
RI Kang, Dae Hee/E-8631-2012
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01-ES06052, P30-ES03819]
NR 48
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 0
U2 9
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 5
BP 1079
EP 1085
DI 10.1093/carcin/16.5.1079
PG 7
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA QZ456
UT WOS:A1995QZ45600015
PM 7767968
ER
PT J
AU TORAASON, M
WEY, H
WOOLERY, M
PLEWS, P
HOFFMANN, P
AF TORAASON, M
WEY, H
WOOLERY, M
PLEWS, P
HOFFMANN, P
TI ARACHIDONIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ENHANCES HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE INDUCED
OXIDATIVE INJURY OF NEONATAL RAT CARDIAC MYOCYTES
SO CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE CARDIOMYOCYTE; ARACHIDONIC ACID; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE INJURY;
PEROXIDATION; FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; ANTIOXIDANTS; ASPIRIN
ID FATTY-ACIDS; PHOSPHOLIPID-METABOLISM; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS;
MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS;
FREE-RADICALS; INHIBITION; DEPLETION; TOXICITY
AB Objective: Selective fatty acid supplementation of non-myocardial cells has been reported to enhance oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to extend this research by determining if supplementation of isolated cardiac myocytes with arachidonic acid increases myocyte sensitivity to H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. Methods: Myocytes were supplemented with arachidonic acid by complexing it with calf serum and adding it to myocytes at a final concentration of 0, 50, or 100 mu M for 36 h. Myocytes were then exposed to 50 or 100 mu M H2O2 for 1 h and Lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity were assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lactate dehydrogenase release into culture medium. To determine if unesterified arachidonic acid contributed to oxidative injury, 100 mu M arachidonic acid was added directly to cultured myocytes in serum-free buffer. Vitamin E and desferrioxamine were assessed for their ability to protect against oxidative injury induced by unesterified arachidonic acid or H2O2. Results: Supplementation with 100 mu M arachidonic acid for 36 h increased the arachidonic acid content of phospholipids from 0.58(SD 0.06) to 0.90(0.19) nmol . nmol(-1) lipid phosphorus. A 1 h exposure to H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner. Pretreatment of myocytes with 10 mu M vitamin E or 1 mM desferrioxamine prevented H2O2 induced effects. Arachidonic acid supplementation at 50 or 100 mu M significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation induced by 100 mu M H2O2, whereas cytotoxicity was increased only in myocytes supplemented with 100 mu M arachidonic acid. Addition of unesterified arachidonic acid directly to cultured myocytes caused marked cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation which were prevented by vitamin E or desferrioxamine. Conclusions: Arachidonic acid supplementation of cardiac myocytes modifies fatty acid content of phospholipids and enhances the susceptibility of myocytes to H2O2 induced oxidative injury.
C1 STERLING WINTHROP,F-21602 LONGVIC,FRANCE.
RP TORAASON, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 35
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0008-6363
J9 CARDIOVASC RES
JI Cardiovasc. Res.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 29
IS 5
BP 624
EP 628
DI 10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88631-7
PG 5
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QY084
UT WOS:A1995QY08400006
PM 7606749
ER
PT J
AU DEZZUTTI, CS
RUDOLPH, DL
LAL, RB
AF DEZZUTTI, CS
RUDOLPH, DL
LAL, RB
TI INFECTION WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II RESULTS IN
ALTERATIONS OF CELLULAR RECEPTORS, INCLUDING THE UP-MODULATION OF T-CELL
COUNTERRECEPTORS CD40, CD54, AND CD80 (B7-1)
SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; HTLV-I; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; LEUKEMIA;
LINES; LYMPHOCYTES; ADHESION; SURFACE; DISEASE
AB To examine the phenotypic alterations associated with human T-lymphotropic virus types I and LI (HTLV-I and -II) infection, long-term cell lines (n = 12 HTLV-I cell lines; n = 11 HTLV-LI cell lines; n = 6 virus-negative cell lines) were analyzed for the cell surface expression of various lineage markers (i.e., myeloid, progenitor, and leukocyte), integrin receptors, and receptor-counterreceptor (R-CR) pairs responsible for cellular activation. As expected, all cell lines expressed the markers characterizing the leukocyte lineage (CD43, CD44, and CD53). Of the progenitor myeloid markers examined (CD9, CD13, CD33, CD34, and CD63), only the percent expression of CD9 was significantly increased on HTLV-I and -II-infected cell lines as compared with that on virus-negative cell lines. Analysis of the beta 1 integrin subfamily (CD29, CD49b, CD49d, CD49e, and CD49f) showed no significant change, except that CD49e was significantly decreased on the HTLV-infected cell lines. For the beta 2 integrin subfamily, the cell surface density was increased for CD18 and CD11a, while the CD11c molecule was expressed exclusively on the HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cell lines. Analysis of several R-CR pairs (CD2-CD58, CD45RO-CD22, CD5-CD72, CD11a-CD54, gp39-CD40, and CD28-CD80) demonstrated that comparable levels of expression of the Rs (CD2, CD45RO, CD5, and CD28) and of some of the CRs (CD58, CD22, and CD72) were in all cell lines; however, CD54, CD40, and CD80 were expressed constitutively on the HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected cell lines. Functionally, the expression of these R-CR pairs did not appear to affect the autologous proliferation, since monoclonal antibodies to these R-CR pairs were not able to inhibit proliferation of the infected cell lines. Taken together, our results indicate that HTLV-I and -II can modulate the expression of several T-cell activation molecules and CRs normally expressed on alternate cell types.
RP DEZZUTTI, CS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 38
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 1071-412X
J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN
JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 2
IS 3
BP 349
EP 355
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QW749
UT WOS:A1995QW74900018
PM 7545080
ER
PT J
AU SCALIA, G
HALONEN, PE
CONDORELLI, F
MATTILA, ML
HIERHOLZER, JC
AF SCALIA, G
HALONEN, PE
CONDORELLI, F
MATTILA, ML
HIERHOLZER, JC
TI COMPARISON OF MONOCLONAL BIOTIN-AVIDIN ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AND MONOCLONAL
TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY IN DETECTION OF RESPIRATORY
VIRUS-ANTIGENS
SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE RESPIRATORY VIRUS; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY;
BIOTIN; NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE; MONOCLONAL
ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS;
NASOPHARYNGEAL SPECIMENS; ADENOVIRUS ANTIGENS; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES;
VIRAL-ANTIGENS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
AB Background: Detection of respiratory viruses by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay based on monoclonal antibodies were developed in our laboratories in the late 1980s and they have been successfully used in daily diagnosis for more than seven years. Later, similar Biotin-EIAs were developed but the sensitivities were unsatisfactory.
Objectives: Further optimization of monoclonal Biotin-EIAs and comparison of the optimized assays with TR-FIAs.
Study design: Variations in test format, diluents, incubation times and temperatures, and different monoclonal antibodies were tested, and the final comparisons were made with TR-FIA using stored nasopharyngeal aspirates.
Results: The improvements in Biotin-EIA featured four changes which increased sensitivity in the assay: (a) test diluent contained diethylenetriamino-pentaacetic acid; (b) antigen and biotinylated detector antibody were added simultaneously; (c) reaction time was extended from Ih at 37 degrees to overnight at 4 degrees C; (d) from the thirteen monoclonal antibodies used in TR-FIA, ten were optimal also in Biotin-EIA, but in the parainfluenza 1 and 2 assays other monoclonals proved more sensitive. Out of 257 originally positive specimens tested in the comparison studies, 192 (74.7%) were again positive and 54 (21.0%) were negative in both assays; nine were negative in TR-FIA but positive in Biotin-EIA, while two specimens were negative in Biotin-EIA but positive in TR-FIA. The overall agreement between the two assays was 95.7%.
C1 UNIV TURKU,DEPT VIROL,SF-20520 TURKU,FINLAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP SCALIA, G (reprint author), UNIV CATANIA,INST MICROBIOL,VIROL UNIT,VIA ANDRONE 81,I-95124 CATANIA,ITALY.
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0928-0197
J9 CLIN DIAGN VIROL
JI Clin. Diagn. Virol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 4
BP 351
EP 359
DI 10.1016/0928-0197(94)00050-5
PG 9
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA RC051
UT WOS:A1995RC05100006
PM 15566816
ER
PT J
AU COOPER, GR
AF COOPER, GR
TI FRIEDEWALD FORMULA - REPLY
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Letter
RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP F-20,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 5
BP 761
EP 761
PG 1
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA QW210
UT WOS:A1995QW21000023
ER
PT J
AU BOONE, DJ
STEINDEL, SJ
AF BOONE, DJ
STEINDEL, SJ
TI CONDUCTING OUTCOMES RESEARCH - PAST EXPERIENCE AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE CLIA 88; PROFICIENCY TESTING; QUALITY CONTROL
AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was delegated authority to conduct the studies mandated in the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). Since that time, the CDC has been planning and implementing a research program, Evaluation of Quality of Laboratory Practices and Standards (EQLPS), aimed at demonstrating a clear linkage between patient outcome and laboratory practices and standards such as proficiency testing, quality assurance, and personnel standards. The goal of EQLPS is to improve the quality of laboratory medicine by providing a scientific and technical basis for laboratory practices and standards. In October 1995, the CDC will sponsor an Institute entitled ''Frontiers in Laboratory Practice Research,'' during which strategies for conducting laboratory practice research will be discussed. The Institute should help identify research strategies that will eventually provide the information necessary to develop appropriate practice guidelines for laboratory medicine.
RP BOONE, DJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 5
BP 795
EP 798
PG 4
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA QW210
UT WOS:A1995QW21000041
PM 7729069
ER
PT J
AU SISON, JP
KEMPER, CA
LOVELESS, M
MCSHANE, D
VISVESVARA, GS
DERESINSKI, SC
AF SISON, JP
KEMPER, CA
LOVELESS, M
MCSHANE, D
VISVESVARA, GS
DERESINSKI, SC
TI DISSEMINATED ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH AIDS - CASE-REPORTS
AND REVIEW
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; KERATITIS;
MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; NAEGLERIA; 5-FLUOROCYTOSINE;
FEATURES; IMMUNITY; INVITRO
AB Acanthamoeba infection has been described as an opportunistic infection in persons with AIDS, We report two cases of patients with AIDS and acanthamoeba infection and review the manifestations of this protozoan infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, The diagnosis of this infection requires a high index of suspicion because the clinical and histologic manifestations may be confused with those of disseminated fungal or algal disease. Clinicians and laboratory personnel should be aware of this potentially fatal condition so that appropriate diagnostic studies can be performed and treatment can be urgently administered, Early initiation of therapy may alter the clinical outcome of the disease.
C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305.
SANTA CLARA VALLEY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN JOSE,CA 95128.
AIDS COMMUNITY RES CONSORTIUM,REDWOOD CITY,CA.
URSUS MED GRP,REDWOOD CITY,CA.
OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201.
US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 60
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 5
BP 1207
EP 1216
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QY771
UT WOS:A1995QY77100020
PM 7620001
ER
PT J
AU PLOUFFE, JF
FILE, TM
BREIMAN, RF
HACKMAN, BA
SALSTROM, SJ
MARSTON, BJ
FIELDS, BS
BAIRD, IM
BOLLIN, GE
EMERICK, J
FARKAS, SA
FRANCIS, SJ
GIANAKOPOULOS, G
HERBERT, MT
PARSONS, JN
TAN, JS
AF PLOUFFE, JF
FILE, TM
BREIMAN, RF
HACKMAN, BA
SALSTROM, SJ
MARSTON, BJ
FIELDS, BS
BAIRD, IM
BOLLIN, GE
EMERICK, J
FARKAS, SA
FRANCIS, SJ
GIANAKOPOULOS, G
HERBERT, MT
PARSONS, JN
TAN, JS
TI REEVALUATION OF THE DEFINITION OF LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE - USE OF THE
URINARY ANTIGEN-ASSAY
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUIDS;
LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; PNEUMONIA; AMPLIFICATION; REACTIVITY; DIAGNOSIS;
EPIDEMIC; KIT
AB Cases of Legionnaires' disease have been categorized as definitive and presumptive. The sensitivity and specificity of antibody titers of greater than or equal to 256 and of urinary antigen ratios of greater than or equal to 3 were evaluated in 68 patients with ''definitive'' Legionnaires' disease and in 636 patients with pneumonia who had negative cultures and did not have fourfold rises in titers of antibody to Legionella pneumtophila. An acute-phase antibody titer of greater than or equal to 256 did not discriminate between cases and noncases (10% vs. 6%; P =.29). The urinary antigen assay gave a positive result in fewer than 1% of noncases but was positive in 55.9% of all cases. This assay was most sensitive (80%) in cases in which L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated. We propose that the case definition for definitive Legionnaires' disease be expanded to include positive urinary antigen assays and that the category of presumptive Legionnaires' disease-based on acute-phase or standing antibody titers of greater than or equal to 256 in the nonoutbreak setting-be discarded. The urinary antigen assay will be a valuable tool in the prompt diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease.
C1 AKRON CITY HOSP,ST THOMAS HOSP,SUMMA HLTH SYST,AKRON,OH.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP PLOUFFE, JF (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,MED CTR,N1135 DOAN HALL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA.
NR 28
TC 124
Z9 129
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 5
BP 1286
EP 1291
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QY771
UT WOS:A1995QY77100031
PM 7620012
ER
PT J
AU WILSON, GJ
TALKINGTON, DF
GRUBER, W
EDWARDS, K
DERMODY, TS
AF WILSON, GJ
TALKINGTON, DF
GRUBER, W
EDWARDS, K
DERMODY, TS
TI GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL NECROTIZING FASCIITIS FOLLOWING VARICELLA IN
CHILDREN - CASE-REPORTS AND REVIEW
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Review
ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER;
PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; M-PROTEIN; INFECTIONS;
PYOGENES; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION
AB We report four cases of necrotizing fasciitis that occurred following varicella in children ranging in age from 2 to 8 years, The only organism isolated from each of these patients was Streptococcus pyogenes or group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS), Each child recovered; however, three required repeated surgical debridements in addition to therapy with antibiotics, An interesting finding in these patients was the development of hyponatremia and/or hypocalcemia, M-typing and T-typing of the isolates demonstrated that the GABHS strain in two children who attended the same school was M5; M1 and M3 strains were identified in the other two children, In addition to the children described in this series, eleven other cases of children with necrotizing fasciitis following varicella have been reported in the English-language literature since 1970, We believe that these cases provide further evidence that varicella is an important risk factor for necrotizing fasciitis that is caused by more-virulent strains of GABHS.
C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37232.
VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37232.
VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37232.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP WILSON, GJ (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,LAMB CTR PEDIAT RES,D7235 MCN,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA.
NR 57
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 5
BP 1333
EP 1338
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QY771
UT WOS:A1995QY77100039
PM 7620020
ER
PT J
AU MALARCHER, AM
FORD, ES
NELSON, DE
CHRISMON, JH
MOWERY, P
MERRITT, RK
HERMAN, WH
AF MALARCHER, AM
FORD, ES
NELSON, DE
CHRISMON, JH
MOWERY, P
MERRITT, RK
HERMAN, WH
TI TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND PHYSICIANS ADVICE TO QUIT SMOKING AMONG
PEOPLE WITH DIABETES IN THE US
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Note
AB OBJECTIVE- This study describes changes in the distribution of cigarette smoking and in physicians' advice to quit smoking among the U.S. population with and without diabetes from the mid-1970s to 1990.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- Data on self-reported smoking status, physicians' advice to quit smoking, history of diabetes, and demographic characteristics were obtained from the 1974, 1985, and 1990 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined the age-adjusted prevalence of smoking and physicians' advice to quit smoking by race, sex, and educational level among individuals with diabetes and those without diabetes.
RESULTS- The prevalence of smoking decreased 9.8 percentage points from 1974 to 1990 among individuals with diabetes (from 35.6 to 25.8%, P < 0.01) and 11.7 percentage points among those without diabetes (from 37.3 to 25.6%, P < 0.01). For all years, younger individuals, men, and people with less than a high school education were more likely to smoke, regardless of diabetes status. Among individuals who had ever smoked, those with diabetes were more likely to have received advice to quit than those without diabetes; from 1974 to 1990, the percentage advised to quit smoking by a physician increased from 35.1 to 58.4% for smokers with diabetes and from 26.8 to 46.0% for smokers without diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS- Despite decreases in smoking prevalence over time, people with diabetes are still as likely to smoke as those without diabetes. More than 40% of smokers with diabetes currently report never having received advice from a physician to quit smoking. Health care providers should increase their efforts to reduce smoking among people with diabetes.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,BATTELLE MEM INST,ATLANTA,GA.
RP MALARCHER, AM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 14
TC 41
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 5
BP 694
EP 697
DI 10.2337/diacare.18.5.694
PG 4
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA QW299
UT WOS:A1995QW29900015
PM 8586010
ER
PT J
AU DEVINE, OJ
LOUIS, TA
HALLORAN, ME
AF DEVINE, OJ
LOUIS, TA
HALLORAN, ME
TI SIMPLER COMMON-SENSE METHODS MAY BE PREFERABLE TO EMPIRICAL BAYES -
REPLY
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
RP DEVINE, OJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 6
IS 3
BP 338
EP 338
DI 10.1097/00001648-199505000-00032
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QU354
UT WOS:A1995QU35400032
ER
PT J
AU STEENLAND, K
DEDDENS, J
SALVAN, A
STAYNER, L
AF STEENLAND, K
DEDDENS, J
SALVAN, A
STAYNER, L
TI HEALTHY WORKER EFFECT AND CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 6
IS 3
BP 339
EP 340
DI 10.1097/00001648-199505000-00035
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QU354
UT WOS:A1995QU35400035
PM 7619952
ER
PT J
AU EBERHARD, ML
DICKERSON, JW
TSANG, VCW
WALKER, EM
OTTESEN, EA
CHANDRASHEKAR, R
WEIL, GJ
TRPIS, M
STROBERT, E
CONSTANTINIDIS, I
SWENSON, RB
AF EBERHARD, ML
DICKERSON, JW
TSANG, VCW
WALKER, EM
OTTESEN, EA
CHANDRASHEKAR, R
WEIL, GJ
TRPIS, M
STROBERT, E
CONSTANTINIDIS, I
SWENSON, RB
TI ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS - PARASITOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGIC RESPONSES IN
EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CHIMPANZEES AND MANGABEY MONKEYS
SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS; NEMATODE; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION; PRIMATES; PAN
TROGLODYTES; CERCOCEBUS ATYS; ANTIBODY RESPONSES; MICROFILADERMIA
ID GUATEMALAN HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS; ANTIGENS; NODULES
AB Six chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and six mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys) were inoculated with Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae (L3) of West African origin. Two chimpanzees each received 200, 300, or 400 L3, while three mangabeys each received either 50 or 250 L3. All six chimpanzees became microfilaria positive between 11 and 25 months postinoculation (PI), while two of the six mangabeys were skin-snip positive at 24 and 37 months PI, respectively. All chimpanzees developed antibodies to two native antigens of 14 and 22 kDa and to the recombinant antigens OV16, OC3.6, and OC9.3. Marked antibody responses were observed in the mangabey monkeys, and in general, the responses were similar to those observed in the chimpanzees. However, in the mangabeys, these responses did not generally manifest themselves until later in the infection. The results of this study suggest that in chimpanzees, the smallest inoculum used, 200 L3, was sufficient to initiate consistent infections that had parasitologic and immunologic parameters equivalent to animals inoculated with larger numbers of larvae. Similarly, inoculation of mangabey monkeys with small numbers of larvae appeared to be as likely to establish infection and induce immunologic responses as did inoculation of larger numbers of larvae. Microfilaria-positive chimpanzees and mangabey monkeys were examined by three conventional imaging techniques (X ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), but no adult worms or nodules could be identified in any animal. The detection of antibodies directed against both native and recombinant antigens suggests that certain of these responses might be useful for detecting early (prepatent) infections well before microfilariae appear in the skin and they might also be useful in detecting occult infections. The characterization of these responses in nonhuman primates provides a less complex system for interpreting the similar responses seen in humans living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas.
C1 NIH,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110.
WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOL MOLEC,ST LOUIS,MO 63110.
JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT VET SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,FREDERIK PHILIPS MAGNET RESONANCE RES CTR,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS F13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22488]
NR 14
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0014-4894
J9 EXP PARASITOL
JI Exp. Parasitol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 80
IS 3
BP 454
EP 462
DI 10.1006/expr.1995.1057
PG 9
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA QX230
UT WOS:A1995QX23000010
PM 7729480
ER
PT J
AU HILLIS, SD
NAKASHIMA, A
AMSTERDAM, L
PFISTER, J
VAUGHN, M
ADDISS, D
MARCHBANKS, PA
OWENS, LM
DAVIS, JP
AF HILLIS, SD
NAKASHIMA, A
AMSTERDAM, L
PFISTER, J
VAUGHN, M
ADDISS, D
MARCHBANKS, PA
OWENS, LM
DAVIS, JP
TI THE IMPACT OF A COMPREHENSIVE CHLAMYDIA PREVENTION PROGRAM IN WISCONSIN
SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CLINICS
AB An analysis using case reports, laboratory records of tests for C, trachomatis, and Hospital Discharge Summary data shows that following implementation of a chlamydia prevention program in Wisconsin in 1985, statewide declines were observed in prevalence, incidence and complications of infection. In 1990, prevalence rates among teenage women peaked at 2,794 infections per 100,000 15-19-year-old females. Between 1987 and 1991 (a period of stable testing volume), the proportion of positive tests decreased in all age-groups for females (by 29-41%) and males (by 10-14%), and the incidence of new infections in women decreased in clinic populations by 27%-50%. Between 1986 and 1991, hospitalization rates declined by 33% for pelvic inflammatory disease and by 20% for ectopic pregnancy.
C1 US BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI.
WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,CTR HLTH STAT,MADISON,WI.
UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI 53706.
RP HILLIS, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 21
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 1
PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST
PI NEW YORK
PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005
SN 0014-7354
J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT
JI Fam. Plann. Perspect.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 3
BP 108
EP 111
DI 10.2307/2136107
PG 4
WC Demography; Family Studies
SC Demography; Family Studies
GA RB551
UT WOS:A1995RB55100002
PM 7672100
ER
PT J
AU BERTOLLI, J
CALDWELL, B
LINDEGREN, ML
SIMONDS, RJ
AF BERTOLLI, J
CALDWELL, B
LINDEGREN, ML
SIMONDS, RJ
TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV DISEASE IN CHILDREN
SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; CHILDBEARING WOMEN; SEXUAL
ABUSE; INFECTION
AB The impact of HIV infection on the health of American children is increasing, and minority children in certain urban areas are disproportionately affected. Because almost 90% of cumulative pediatric AIDS cases and virtually all new pediatric HIV infections are attributable to perinatal transmission, the HIV/AIDS epidemic in children reflects that in women of childbearing age. A promising new intervention to reduce perinatal HIV infection is now available, but how the intervention will be translated into routine clinical practice is still uncertain. To maximize the public health impact of prevention strategies, implementation of the recommended interventions should be combined with early identification of HN infection among women of childbearing age.
RP BERTOLLI, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0889-8561
J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN
JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 2
BP 193
EP 204
PG 12
WC Allergy; Immunology
SC Allergy; Immunology
GA QY656
UT WOS:A1995QY65600003
ER
PT J
AU AGERTON, TB
MAHONEY, FJ
POLISH, LB
SHAPIRO, CN
AF AGERTON, TB
MAHONEY, FJ
POLISH, LB
SHAPIRO, CN
TI IMPACT OF THE BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD ON VACCINATION OF
HEALTH-CARE WORKERS WITH HEPATITIS-B VACCINE
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; RISK; ACCEPTANCE; INFECTION
AB OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations on the vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs), to assess interpretation of these regulations, and to evaluate changes in hospital vaccination policies.
DESIGN: Between June 1, 1992, and August 15, 1992, a telephone survey was conducted among 150 hospitals selected randomly from participants in the American Hospital Association 1991 annual survey.
RESULTS: Of the 150 hospitals, 96 (64%) provided information on hepatitis B vaccination coverage of their employees. Of the 103,419 employees in these hospitals, 77,302 (75%) were eligible to receive the hepatitis B vaccine, and 38,850 (51%) of these were vaccinated completely (had received 3 doses of vaccine). Poll owing issuance of the final regulations, 73% of hospitals reported greater employee acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine, and hospitals were more likely to offer hepatitis B vaccine to maintenance workers, security personnel, dietary staff and clerical personnel. Seventy-five hospitals (50%) reported conducting postvaccination serologic testing on all hospital employees, 12 (8%) as a result of OSHA regulations. Twenty-three hospitals (16%) reported administering routine booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 3, 5, or 7 years.
CONCLUSIONS: The new OSHA standard resulted in a greater awareness of risk for HBV infection among HCWs and an increase in the number of HCWs receiving hepatitis B vaccine; however, vaccination coverage remained suboptimal. Postvaccination serologic testing of employees with negligible risk and the routine administration of vaccine booster doses may be diverting resources and preventing comprehensive coverage of high-risk employees.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NYU,DIV NURSING,NEW YORK,NY.
UNIV S FLORIDA,SCH PUBL HLTH,TAMPA,FL.
NR 19
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 1
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 5
BP 287
EP 291
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QX708
UT WOS:A1995QX70800014
PM 7657977
ER
PT J
AU SCHECKLER, WE
GAYNES, R
GROSS, P
HIERHOLZER, W
WEINSTEIN, RA
BAKER, O
BRYAN, J
LEE, T
RHINEHART, E
LEE, JT
AF SCHECKLER, WE
GAYNES, R
GROSS, P
HIERHOLZER, W
WEINSTEIN, RA
BAKER, O
BRYAN, J
LEE, T
RHINEHART, E
LEE, JT
TI AN APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE OUTCOME OF
CARE IN HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS, WITH A FOCUS ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
INDICATORS
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CDC DEFINITIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMPROVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY;
SYSTEM; INDEX
AB The Quality Indicator Study Group was created by the governing boards of three national professional organizations that have interest and experience in epidemiology, nosocomial infection control and prevention, and quality of care improvement. The Study Group has reviewed the existing literature concerning quality indicators (QIs), interviewed experts in the field, and focused on how best to evaluate such indicators, with an emphasis on nosocomial infection indicators as a paradigm for all QIs. In this report, we review pertinent issues and, where possible, provide specific advice on how to evaluate QIs and QI systems.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED,MADISON,WI.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
HACKENSACK MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604.
YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504.
COOK CTY HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612.
SOC HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOL AMER,QUAL INDICATOR STUDY GRP,WOODBURY,NJ 08096.
NR 36
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 5
BP 308
EP 316
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QX708
UT WOS:A1995QX70800019
ER
PT J
AU BUTLER, JC
ZAKI, SR
KHABBAZ, RF
PETERS, CJ
AF BUTLER, JC
ZAKI, SR
KHABBAZ, RF
PETERS, CJ
TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME
SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; VIRUS; MANIFESTATIONS; TRANSMISSION;
INFECTION; MODE; RISK
RP BUTLER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1056-9103
J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC
JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 4
IS 3
BP 189
EP 193
DI 10.1097/00019048-199505000-00011
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA RA955
UT WOS:A1995RA95500007
ER
PT J
AU VLAHOV, D
KHABBAZ, RF
COHN, S
GALAI, N
TAYLOR, E
KAPLAN, JE
AF VLAHOV, D
KHABBAZ, RF
COHN, S
GALAI, N
TAYLOR, E
KAPLAN, JE
TI INCIDENCE AND RISK-FACTORS FOR HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II
SEROCONVERSION AMONG INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, USA
SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HTLV-II; SEROCONVERSION; INCIDENCE; RISK FACTORS; INJECTING DRUG USERS
ID HTLV-II; ANTIBODY; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTION; HIV-1; BEHAVIORS; I/II
AB To determine the incidence of and risk factors for human T-lymphotropic virus, type II (HTLV-II) seroconversion among injecting drug users (IDUs), specimens from IDUs recruited into the ALIVE Study in 1988/1989 were assayed at baseline for antibody to HTLV with use of enzyme immunoassay and Western blot. Participants were monitored semiannually with venipuncture and interviews. In 1992, the most recent sera of HTLV-negative participants were tested for HTLV with use of enzyme immunoassay and confirmed and typed by Western blot, For positive cases, assays were then performed for all intervening visits to determine the calendar time of seroconversion. Incidence rates were estimated using person-time. Risk factor analysis used a nested case-control design, with up to seven controls per case matched by time of study entry and duration of follow-up. At baseline, 251 HTLV-positive, 22 indeterminate, and 2,574 HTLV-seronegative IDUs were identified. Follow-up of the seronegative IDUs identified 38 seroconverters (all HTLV-II) over 5,813.6 person-years, for a rate of 0.7/100 person-years. Median lag time for seroconversion was 6.8 months. Factors associated with HTLV-II seroconversion included a specific needle-sharing practice called ''backloading'' within the previous 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 6.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.94-21.95] and a baseline history of receiving money for sex (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.32-8.57). Of those with more than one sex partner in the past 6 months, women were more likely than men to seroconvert (OR = 5.77; 95% CI = 1.33-25.05). HTLV-II seroconversions continue to occur among IDUs acid are associated with sharing injection equipment and possibly sexual transmission.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PROGRAM INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA04334, DA05911]
NR 26
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 1077-9450
J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND
JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol.
PD MAY 1
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 1
BP 89
EP 96
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QV577
UT WOS:A1995QV57700013
PM 7712239
ER
PT J
AU HENEINE, W
MUSEY, VC
SINHA, SD
LANDAY, A
NORTHRUP, G
KHABBAZ, R
KAPLAN, JE
AF HENEINE, W
MUSEY, VC
SINHA, SD
LANDAY, A
NORTHRUP, G
KHABBAZ, R
KAPLAN, JE
TI ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE FOR HUMAN SPUMARETROVIRUS SEQUENCES IN PATIENTS WITH
GRAVES-DISEASE
SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; THYROIDITIS; VIRUS
C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,CHICAGO,IL.
RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 1077-9450
J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND
JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol.
PD MAY 1
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 1
BP 99
EP 101
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QV577
UT WOS:A1995QV57700017
PM 7712242
ER
PT J
AU PASCHAL, DC
CALDWELL, KL
TING, BG
AF PASCHAL, DC
CALDWELL, KL
TING, BG
TI DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN WHOLE-BLOOD USING INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED ARGON
PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH ISOTOPE-DILUTION
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE DILUTION MASS
SPECTROMETRY; LEAD; BLOOD; REFERENCE MATERIALS; TARGET VALUE
AB An accurate and simple method for determination of lead in whole blood using inductively coupled argon plasma mass source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed, Determination of lead was by stable isotope dilution, using a spiking material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Standard Reference Material (SRM) 983, Radiogenic Lead Isotopic Standard, enriched to 92.15 at.% lead 206 (Pb-206). Two aliquots of each whole blood specimen were taken (about 0.50 g) and weighed accurately by difference, One of the aliquots was then spiked with about 100 mg of a solution prepared from SRM 983; about 1 mu g g(-1) of Pb in concentration. Both aliquots were then digested with ultrapure, concentrated nitric acid in a microwave oven. The digestate was cooled, diluted, and both unspiked and spiked digests were aspirated into the ICP-MS instrument and isotope ratios of lead 208:lead 206 were measured. The amount and concentration of lead was calculated as mu g of lead per g sample, and multiplied by 100 to give mu g of lead per 100 g of sample, This mass-basis measurement (mu g per 100 g) was then converted to mass per volume (mu g dl(-1)) using the measured density of the whole blood specimen as a correction factor. The method has been evaluated using SRM 955a to determine accuracy, The proposed method provides a standard of accuracy for determination of lead in blood in a nationally based standardization programme, the Blood Lead Laboratory Reference System (BLLRS).
RP PASCHAL, DC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009
NR 13
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND
CB4 4WF
SN 0267-9477
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 10
IS 5
BP 367
EP 370
DI 10.1039/ja9951000367
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA QZ279
UT WOS:A1995QZ27900007
ER
PT J
AU BONIN, MA
ASHLEY, DL
CARDINALI, FL
MCCRAW, JM
WOOTEN, JV
AF BONIN, MA
ASHLEY, DL
CARDINALI, FL
MCCRAW, JM
WOOTEN, JV
TI MEASUREMENT OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER AND TERT-BUTYL ALCOHOL IN HUMAN
BLOOD BY PURGE-AND-TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY USING AN
ISOTOPE-DILUTION METHOD
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
RP BONIN, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 9
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 1
PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NILES
PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648
SN 0146-4760
J9 J ANAL TOXICOL
JI J. Anal. Toxicol
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 3
BP 187
EP 191
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology
SC Chemistry; Toxicology
GA QX913
UT WOS:A1995QX91300010
PM 7564298
ER
PT J
AU LOOKER, AC
JOHNSTON, CC
WAHNER, HW
DUNN, WL
CALVO, MS
HARRIS, TB
HEYSE, SP
LINDSAY, RL
AF LOOKER, AC
JOHNSTON, CC
WAHNER, HW
DUNN, WL
CALVO, MS
HARRIS, TB
HEYSE, SP
LINDSAY, RL
TI PREVALENCE OF LOW FEMORAL BONE-DENSITY IN OLDER US WOMEN FROM NHANES-III
SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID HIP FRACTURE; MINERAL DENSITY; RISK; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREDICTION; SITES;
RACE
AB Data on the number of U.S. women with low femoral bone mineral density (BMD) are currently available only from indirect estimates. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of femoral BMD from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1991) to estimate prevalences of low femoral BMD in women ages 50 years and older using an approach proposed recently by an expert panel of the World Health Organization (WHO). Cutpoints for low BMD were derived from BMD data of 194 non-Hispanic white (NHW) women aged 20-29 years from the NHANES III dataset. The prevalence of older U.S. women with femoral osteopenia (BMD between 1 standard deviation [SD] and 2.5 SD below the mean of young NHW women) ranged from 34-50% in four different femur regions, which corresponds to similar to 12-17 million women. The prevalence with osteoporosis (BMD > 2.5 SD below the mean of young NHW women) ranged from 17-20, or similar to 6-7 million women. Prevalences were 1.3-2.4 times higher in NHW women than non-Hispanic black women (NHB), and 0.8-1.2 times higher in NHW versus Mexican American (MA) women. The estimated numbers of NHW, NHB, and MA women with osteopenia were 10-15 million, 800,000-1.2 million, and 300,000-400,000, respectively; corresponding figures for osteoporosis were 5-6 million, 200,000-300,000, and 100,000 respectively. Thus, the first data on BMD from a nationally representative sample of older women show a substantial number with low femoral BMD. The majority of these women are white, but the number of minority women with low BMD is not trivial.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782.
INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN.
MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905.
US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204.
NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
HELEN HAYES HOSP,REG BONE CTR,W HAVERSTRAW,NY.
NIAMSD,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NR 39
TC 295
Z9 298
U1 2
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142
SN 0884-0431
J9 J BONE MINER RES
JI J. Bone Miner. Res.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 10
IS 5
BP 796
EP 802
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA QU603
UT WOS:A1995QU60300016
PM 7639115
ER
PT J
AU RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC
HAMILL, RJ
HOUSTON, ED
GEORGHIOU, PR
CLARRIDGE, JE
REGNERY, RL
KOEHLER, JE
AF RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC
HAMILL, RJ
HOUSTON, ED
GEORGHIOU, PR
CLARRIDGE, JE
REGNERY, RL
KOEHLER, JE
TI GENOMIC FINGERPRINTING OF BARTONELLA SPECIES BY REPETITIVE ELEMENT PCR
FOR DISTINGUISHING SPECIES AND ISOLATES
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CAT-SCRATCH
DISEASE; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS;
GENETIC DIVERSITY; PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOCARDITIS
AB Repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) with primers based on repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) repeated DNA sequences was used for genomic fingerprinting of Bartonella species. This technique was applied by using either extracted genomic DNA or preparations of whole bacterial cells directly. PCR fingerprints with either the REP-based primers (REP-PCR) or primers based on the ERIC repeat (ERIC-PCR) revealed species specific band patterns for the various Bartonella isolates. DNA fingerprints obtained from rep-PCR of extracted genomic DNA or from preparations of whole cells yielded comparable patterns. ERIC-PCR banding patterns were less complex than those obtained by REP-PCR but allowed better discrimination between strains within species. By combining results of REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR, five different fingerprint profiles were identified among 17 isolates of Bartonella henselae, but only one profile was identified among the five isolates of Bartonella quintana. Other Bartonella species yielded distinct rep-PCR fingerprints, rep-PCR is a useful technique for identification of Bartonella organisms to the species level and offers the advantage of ease of performance, with only small quantities of cells needed for the whole-cell procedure. This technique also appears to be useful for subtyping B. henselae isolates.
C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LAB SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
RP RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,INFECT DIS SECT 111G,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI36075-01]
NR 33
TC 87
Z9 90
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 5
BP 1089
EP 1093
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QT306
UT WOS:A1995QT30600009
PM 7615711
ER
PT J
AU WHALEY, DN
WIGGS, LS
MILLER, PH
SRIVASTAVA, PU
MILLER, JM
AF WHALEY, DN
WIGGS, LS
MILLER, PH
SRIVASTAVA, PU
MILLER, JM
TI USE OF PRESUMPTO-PLATES TO IDENTIFY ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Identification of anaerobic bacteria requires special media and growth conditions that contribute to a higher cost per identification than that for aerobic isolates. Newer rapid methods streamline the identification process, but confirmation to the species level is often. difficult. The Presumpto Plate method for the identification of commonly encountered anaerobes consists of three quadrant plates, each containing four conventional media, that result in the generation of 21 test parameters: growth on Lombard-Dowell medium; production of indole, indole derivative, catalase, lecithinase, and lipase; proteolysis of milk, H2S, and esculin; growth on 20% bile; precipitate on bile; DNase, glucose, casein, starch, and gelatin hydrolysis; and fermentation of lactose, mannitol, and rhamnose. Identification charts were developed by using the results from 2,300 anaerobic isolates, Because conventional media were used, there was a high degree of agreement between the Presumpto Plate method and the reference method when testing commonly encountered anaerobes, The Presumpto Plate method is as accurate as commercially available enzyme systems for the identification of many anaerobic species but is less expensive to perform.
RP WHALEY, DN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 5
BP 1196
EP 1202
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QT306
UT WOS:A1995QT30600029
PM 7615728
ER
PT J
AU THACKER, WL
TALKINGTON, DF
AF THACKER, WL
TALKINGTON, DF
TI COMPARISON OF 2 RAPID COMMERCIAL TESTS WITH COMPLEMENT-FIXATION FOR
SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AGGLUTINATION-TEST
AB The complement fixation (CF) test is the current reference serologic test for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. However, it is reported to be insensitive and nonspecific, and it is labor intensive. To determine if a faster and more sensitive diagnosis of M. pneumoniae could be obtained, we examined 50 paired serum samples from patients with suspected M. pneumoniae infection by the CF test and two commercial sapid antibody detection kits, the Remel M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG)-IgM antibody test system (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.) and the Seradyn Color Vue M. pneumoniae IgG-IgM kit (Seradyn, Indianapolis; Ind.). The Remel test, a 5-min qualitative immunobinding assay, detected antibodies in three patient serum samples with CF titers of 32 and in all but one sample with titers of greater than or equal to 64. The Seradyn test, a 40-min qualitative agglutination test, was less sensitive than CF or Remel. The Seradyn test was positive in 68% of cases, compared with 94 and 96% of cases tested by CF or Remel, respectively. Both commercial tests are faster and less technically demanding to perform than is the CF test.
RP THACKER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BLDG 5-139,MAILSTOP C02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 18
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 5
BP 1212
EP 1214
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QT306
UT WOS:A1995QT30600032
PM 7615730
ER
PT J
AU NICHOLSON, MA
PATTON, CM
AF NICHOLSON, MA
PATTON, CM
TI EVALUATION OF DISK METHOD FOR HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS BY CAMPYLOBACTER
SPECIES
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRAINS; JEJUNI; COLI
AB A disk method for hippurate hydrolysis was compared with the ninhydrin tube method by using 140 genetically confirmed Campylobacter strains. Results were similar for 129 (92%) strains when the inoculum size for the disk method was standardized. Six strains (4.2%) showed variable results by each method. Our results conflict with those obtained in studies by others, who found the two methods to be dissimilar.
RP NICHOLSON, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 5
BP 1341
EP 1343
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QT306
UT WOS:A1995QT30600058
PM 7615752
ER
PT J
AU FERGUSON, J
TANNER, J
MILLER, JM
AF FERGUSON, J
TANNER, J
MILLER, JM
TI EVALUATION OF A NEW, SEMIQUANTITATIVE SCREENING CULTURE DEVICE FOR URINE
SPECIMENS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
AB The EZ Streak urine culture device (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) combines the advantages of both the dip-slide and the classic urine culture technique, enabling bacterial enumeration and isolation following a simple inoculation step. Five hundred clean-catch urine specimens submitted by outpatients attending a health maintenance organization were used to compare the EZ Streak with culture using a 0.001-ml loop. Complete agreement of colony counts determined by the two methods was obtained for 114 (91.2%) of 125 positive specimens, but 99.2% of the results agreed in clinical interpretation, indicating the presence or absence of bacteriuria. Overall agreement between the EZ Streak and culture was 95.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of the EZ Streak were determined to be 98.4 and 99.4%, respectively. For this patient population, the EZ Streak was determined to be a reliable replacement for routine urine culture.
C1 KAISER PERMANENTE,ATLANTA,GA 30339.
RP FERGUSON, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIAGNOST MICROBIOL SECT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,BLDG 1,ROOM B250,C16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 5
BP 1351
EP 1353
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QT306
UT WOS:A1995QT30600061
PM 7615754
ER
PT J
AU BLOM, K
PATTON, CM
NICHOLSON, MA
SWAMINATHAN, B
AF BLOM, K
PATTON, CM
NICHOLSON, MA
SWAMINATHAN, B
TI IDENTIFICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER-FETUS BY PCR-DNA PROBE METHOD
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID HYBRIDIZATION; JEJUNI
AB A PCR method for rapid identification of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus was evaluated. A fragment of the gene coding for 16S rRNA was amplified from crude cell lysates of 18 C. fetus strains and 30 strains representing other Campylobacter species and subspecies. The amplicons were probed by dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled C. fetus-specific oligonucleotide probe. The probe reacted only with C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. fetus subsp. venerealis and may be useful for rapid identification in clinical laboratories.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 14
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 5
BP 1360
EP 1362
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QT306
UT WOS:A1995QT30600064
PM 7542273
ER
PT J
AU OLSVIK, B
HANSEN, BF
TENOVER, FC
OLSEN, I
AF OLSVIK, B
HANSEN, BF
TENOVER, FC
OLSEN, I
TI TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS RECOVERED FROM PATIENTS WITH
REFRACTORY PERIODONTAL-DISEASE
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE REFRACTORY PERIODONTITIS; TETRACYCLINE; DRUG EFFECTS; ANTIMICROBIAL
RESISTANCE
ID SYSTEMIC DOXYCYCLINE THERAPY; HUMAN GINGIVAL FLUID; SUBGINGIVAL
MICROFLORA; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; BACTERIA;
STREPTOCOCCI; MINOCYCLINE
AB Tetracycline in combination with scaling and root planing is frequently used to treat refractory periodontal disease. This study examined tetracycline resistance in bacteria recovered from periodontal pockets of patients with refractory periodontitis. Bacterial isolates resistant to 10 mu g/ml of tetracycline were isolated from plaque samples of 17 patients, of whom 6 had received tetracycline within 8 weeks prior to sampling. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline and minocycline were determined by agar dilution. In the 6 patients who had received tetracycline, a mean of 22.9% (+/- 38.2) of the total cultivable subgingival flora were resistant to tetracycline, compared with a mean of 7.2% (+/- 8.5) in the untreated group. Although various organisms were isolated, in most patients, the tetracycline-resistant organisms were dominated by Streptococcus spp. Overgrowth of Candida was found in one patient, and of Enterobacteriaceae in another patient, while small numbers of yeast or Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from the plaque samples of 9 others. 3 out of 4 patients who did not respond to tetracycline treatment had a variety of tetracycline-resistant anaerobic Gram-negative rods present. No correlation was found between increased proportions of tetracycline resistance in the whole bacterial sample and the presence of resistant periodontal pathogens.
C1 UNIV OSLO,FAC DENT,OSLO,NORWAY.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 37
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0303-6979
J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL
JI J. Clin. Periodontol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 5
BP 391
EP 396
DI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00166.x
PG 6
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA QW899
UT WOS:A1995QW89900008
PM 7601921
ER
PT J
AU CIRNE, MD
DUARTE, MNDR
NOBREGA, DD
DESOUZA, EMD
MONTEIRO, D
OLIVEIRA, MJC
DANTAS, MCD
CAVALCANTE, AMS
BUENO, H
FRANZOSI, I
MENEZES, M
RISI, JB
BIELLIK, RJ
GREENWOOD, BM
HALL, AJ
ROWE, M
WELLS, J
WHITTLE, H
MBOGE, M
GALAZKA, A
ROBERTSON, SE
SCOTT, RM
WRIGHT, PF
LINKINS, RW
ORENSTEIN, WA
PATRIARCA, PA
ZELL, ER
KEW, O
MAHER, K
PALLANSCH, M
VANNOY, T
AF CIRNE, MD
DUARTE, MNDR
NOBREGA, DD
DESOUZA, EMD
MONTEIRO, D
OLIVEIRA, MJC
DANTAS, MCD
CAVALCANTE, AMS
BUENO, H
FRANZOSI, I
MENEZES, M
RISI, JB
BIELLIK, RJ
GREENWOOD, BM
HALL, AJ
ROWE, M
WELLS, J
WHITTLE, H
MBOGE, M
GALAZKA, A
ROBERTSON, SE
SCOTT, RM
WRIGHT, PF
LINKINS, RW
ORENSTEIN, WA
PATRIARCA, PA
ZELL, ER
KEW, O
MAHER, K
PALLANSCH, M
VANNOY, T
TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE - A
PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION IN BRAZIL AND THE GAMBIA
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLIOMYELITIS; ERADICATION; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROGRESS;
CHILDREN; DISEASES
AB To assess factors that may influence the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), neutralizing antibody responses were measured in 1409 infants in Brazil and the Gambia who were randomized to receive one of four different formulations of OPV at similar to birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Overall seroconversion rates at the end of the trial were 85% for poliovirus type 1 (P1), 94% for type 2 (P2), and 68% for type 3 (P3). Factors associated with vaccine failure included high levels of maternal antibody (P1, P2, and P3), vaccination during the rainy season (P1, P2, and P3), diarrhea at the time of vaccination (P2 and P3), household exposure to other OPV recipients (P1), and breast-feeding (P3) (P < .05 for each factor, logistic regression analysis). OPV containing twice the standard potency of Sabin type 1 virus increased seroconversion rates to P1 by 8% in Brazil(P < .05) and 15% in the Gambia (P < .001). Suboptimal responses to OPV in developing countries are determined by a complex array of factors related to the vaccine, host, and environment.
C1 DEPT HLTH,NATAL,RN,BRAZIL.
FDN SAUDE AMAURY MEDEIROS,CENT LAB,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL.
PAN AMER HLTH ORG,BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL.
MRC LABS,FAJARA,SENEGAL.
MINIST HLTH,BANJUL,GAMBIA.
WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 55
TC 71
Z9 73
U1 1
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 5
BP 1097
EP 1106
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QU640
UT WOS:A1995QU64000004
ER
PT J
AU HENEINE, W
YAMAMOTO, S
SWITZER, WM
SPIRA, TJ
FOLKS, TM
AF HENEINE, W
YAMAMOTO, S
SWITZER, WM
SPIRA, TJ
FOLKS, TM
TI DETECTION OF REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE BY A HIGHLY SENSITIVE ASSAY IN SERA
FROM PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID RETROVIRUS; HIV-1; LYMPHADENOPATHY; BLOOD; GENE; PCR
AB In an ultrasensitive assay for reverse transcriptase (RT), an in vitro-transcribed heteropolymeric RNA sequence was used as a template and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with Southern blot hybridization served as a detection system for the cDNA reaction product, The assay, called Amp-RT, detected 9 tested retroviruses in unconcentrated culture supernatants diluted 10(2)- to 10(5)-fold. A comparative analysis using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) revealed that Amp-RT was 100,000 times more sensitive than the standard RT assay, 10,000 times more sensitive than p24 antigen capture and branched DNA assays, and 100 times more sensitive than RT-PCR or TCID50 assays, Analysis of serum specimens from 42 HIV-1-infected persons by Amp-RT showed that 36 samples (85.7%) were RT-positive. In contrast, 41 serum specimens from persons seronegative for HIV-I and human T lymphotropic virus types I and II were all Amp-RT-negative.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 27
TC 81
Z9 82
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 5
BP 1210
EP 1216
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QU640
UT WOS:A1995QU64000019
PM 7538549
ER
PT J
AU YEVICH, SJ
SANCHEZ, JL
DEFRAITES, RF
RIVES, CC
DAWSON, JE
UHAA, IJ
JOHNSON, BJB
FISHBEIN, DB
AF YEVICH, SJ
SANCHEZ, JL
DEFRAITES, RF
RIVES, CC
DAWSON, JE
UHAA, IJ
JOHNSON, BJB
FISHBEIN, DB
TI SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIONS DUE TO SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE
AND EHRLICHIA SPECIES IN MILITARY PERSONNEL EXPOSED IN AREAS OF THE
UNITED-STATES WHERE SUCH INFECTIONS ARE ENDEMIC
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS; SEROLOGICAL
EVIDENCE; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; PERMETHRIN; PROTECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ARKANSAS;
DISEASE; CLUSTER
AB A prospective, seroepidemiologic study of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and Ehrlichia infections was done among 1194 US military personnel exposed in a heavily tick-infested area of Arkansas in 1990. Seroconversion (4-fold) and seroprevalence rates were determined by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays. Seroconversions to SFGR occurred in 30 persons (2.5%), whereas seroconversion to Ehrlichia species occurred in 15 (1.3%). The majority of seroconverters did not report symptoms (22/30 [73%] of SFGR seroconverters; 10/15 [67%] of Ehrlichia species seroconverters). History of tick attachment was associated with seroconversion to SFGR (relative risk [RR] = 4.3, P < .001) and Ehrlichia species (RR = 3.6, P < .05). Use of permethrin-impregnated uniforms significantly decreased risk of infection (P < .01); use of bed nets increased risk by 4-fold. Tickborne infections represent a significant threat to military personnel training in areas in which these infections are endemic.
C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT FIELD STUDIES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MOLEC BIOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO.
NR 35
TC 72
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 5
BP 1266
EP 1273
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QU640
UT WOS:A1995QU64000027
PM 7751702
ER
PT J
AU BRAUN, DK
PELLETT, PE
HANSON, CA
AF BRAUN, DK
PELLETT, PE
HANSON, CA
TI PRESENCE AND EXPRESSION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD
MONONUCLEAR-CELLS OF S100-POSITIVE, T-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE
DISEASE
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; GENOME; HHV-6; SEQUENCES; TISSUES; VIRUS
AB S100-positive, T cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease (S100-CLPD) is a rare and aggressive hematologic disorder in which the cytoplasmic protein S100 is expressed at high levels in abnormal lymphocytes. Using a DNA probe specific for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), 2 cases of S100-CLPD were examined by DNA and RNA hybridization analysis, The results indicated that HHV-6 DNA was present in uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and that a 1.3-kb viral transcript was expressed in both cases. Analysis of flow-sorted PBMC from 1 case demonstrated that HHV-6 DNA was present exclusively in the S100-positive fraction, Studies using other HHV-6 DNA probes suggested infection with HHV-6 variant B in both cases. Hybridization studies using DNA from PBMC of 27 cases of T cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease of other types showed no evidence of HHV-6. These studies suggest a possible specific association of HHV-6 with the unusual disorder S100-CLPD.
C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HERPESVIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA.
RP BRAUN, DK (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,520B MSRB 1,1150 W MED CTR DR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27960]
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 5
BP 1351
EP 1355
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QU640
UT WOS:A1995QU64000042
PM 7751716
ER
PT J
AU DEGROOTE, MA
VISVESVARA, G
WILSON, ML
PIENIAZEK, NJ
SLEMENDA, SB
DASILVA, AJ
LEITCH, GJ
BRYAN, RT
REVES, R
AF DEGROOTE, MA
VISVESVARA, G
WILSON, ML
PIENIAZEK, NJ
SLEMENDA, SB
DASILVA, AJ
LEITCH, GJ
BRYAN, RT
REVES, R
TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND CULTURE CONFIRMATION OF DISSEMINATED
ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI IN A PATIENT WITH AIDS - SUCCESSFUL THERAPY
WITH ALBENDAZOLE
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS
AB Infections due to microsporidia are being recognized increasingly, especially in AIDS patients. A patient with disseminated microsporidiosis with advanced renal failure due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi (confirmed by culture and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) is described. The organism from urine and sputum was characterized by culture, Weber's chromotrope-based staining, transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) tests. PCR was done on DNA extracted from the infected cell cultures. Treatment with albendazole resulted in improvement in serum creatinine levels, complete disappearance of spores from sputum, a negative urine culture, and a 3-log decline in the number of spores in the urine, as evidenced by chromotrope-based staining. IIF and PCR were used to confirm E. cuniculi as the etiologic agent. Our findings indicate that disseminated microsporidiosis with renal failure in AIDS is treatable.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV PATHOL,DENVER,CO 80262.
DENVER GEN HOSP,DENVER DIS CONTROL,DEPT MICROBIOL,DENVER,CO.
MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP DEGROOTE, MA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,BOX B-168,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA.
NR 16
TC 132
Z9 132
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 5
BP 1375
EP 1378
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QU640
UT WOS:A1995QU64000048
PM 7751721
ER
PT J
AU MCLAIN, DK
WESSON, DM
OLIVER, JH
COLLINS, FH
AF MCLAIN, DK
WESSON, DM
OLIVER, JH
COLLINS, FH
TI VARIATION IN RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS-1 AMONG EASTERN
POPULATIONS OF IXODES-SCAPULARIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE IXODES SCAPULARIS; RDNA; GENETIC STRUCTURE
ID MOLECULAR DRIVE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DAMMINI
ACARI; Y-CHROMOSOME; RNA GENES; RDNA; SEQUENCE; ORGANIZATION; PREFERENCE
AB The base sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) of ribosomal DNA of the tick Ixodes scapularis Say (=I. dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman and Corwin) was determined to assess genetic divergence between populations along the eastern (Atlantic) seaboard of the United States. Twenty sequences were obtained from localities down the eastern margin of the species's range: 10 from the southeast (Georgia and Florida), seven from the middle east (North Carolina, Maryland), and three from the northeast (Massachusetts, New Jersey, Mew York). Both the neighbor-joining and parsimony methods cluster most of the southeastern sequences together a:nd most of the middle eastern sequences together but fail to cluster those from the northeast. In addition, an F ratio test revealed significant between-region sequence variation. Thus, there appears to be genetic structuring on at least a macrogeographic scale. Only 23% (SEM = 6.4%) of the sequence Variation occurs between regions, with rite vast majority of variation, 77% (SEM = 6.4%), being within region. These data, plus other published data, indicate that I. scapularis constitutes a single species. However, the pattern of variation is consistent with restricted gene flow between regions or, alternatively, with recent introgression between northern and southern types in the middle-eastern part of the species's range.
C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV,INST ARTHROPODOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP MCLAIN, DK (reprint author), GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LANDRUM BOX 8042,STATESBORO,GA 30460, USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24899]
NR 48
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 7
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706
SN 0022-2585
J9 J MED ENTOMOL
JI J. Med. Entomol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 32
IS 3
BP 353
EP 360
PG 8
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA QW429
UT WOS:A1995QW42900019
PM 7616527
ER
PT J
AU EWING, SA
DAWSON, JE
KOCAN, AA
BARKER, RW
WARNER, CK
PANCIERA, RJ
FOX, JC
KOCAN, KM
BLOUIN, EF
AF EWING, SA
DAWSON, JE
KOCAN, AA
BARKER, RW
WARNER, CK
PANCIERA, RJ
FOX, JC
KOCAN, KM
BLOUIN, EF
TI EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS (RICKETTSIALES,
EHRLICHIEAE) AMONG WHITE-TAILED DEER BY AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (ACARI,
IXODIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE EHRLICHIA; AMBLYOMMA; EHRLICHIOSIS
ID INFECTION; PATIENT
AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis Anderson, Dawson and Wilson, causative agent of human (predominantly monocytic) ehrlichiosis, was successfully transmitted experimentally by Amblyomma americanum (L.) to white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman). Deer were needle-exposed intravenously to E. chaffeensis in tissue-culture canine macrophage (DH82) cells, and 11 d later were exposed to laboratory-reared A. americanum larvae, nymphs, and adults for acquisition feeding. Three months after this feeding, naive deer and dogs were exposed to recently molted nymphs and adults. Attempted reisolation of the pathogen by way of tissue culture was successful from one needle-exposed deer but not from the tick-exposed deer or dogs. Based on serologic evidence and polymerase chain reaction data, both nymphal and adult ticks transmitted E. chaffeensis to naive deer but not to dogs.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078.
RP EWING, SA (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA.
NR 13
TC 147
Z9 151
U1 0
U2 6
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706
SN 0022-2585
J9 J MED ENTOMOL
JI J. Med. Entomol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 32
IS 3
BP 368
EP 374
PG 7
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA QW429
UT WOS:A1995QW42900021
PM 7616529
ER
PT J
AU ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
ELLIOTT, LH
RAVKOV, EV
MARTIN, ML
MORZUNOV, S
LIVINGSTONE, W
MONROE, M
GLASS, G
RUO, S
KHAN, AS
CHILDS, JE
NICHOL, ST
PETERS, CJ
AF ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
ELLIOTT, LH
RAVKOV, EV
MARTIN, ML
MORZUNOV, S
LIVINGSTONE, W
MONROE, M
GLASS, G
RUO, S
KHAN, AS
CHILDS, JE
NICHOL, ST
PETERS, CJ
TI ISOLATION OF BLACK-CREEK-CANAL VIRUS, A NEW HANTAVIRUS FROM
SIGMODON-HISPIDUS IN FLORIDA
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; RODENT; BUNYAVIRIDAE
ID NEPHROPATHIA EPIDEMICA VIRUS; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER;
NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; RENAL
SYNDROME; MESSENGER-RNA; SEGMENT; HANTAAN; PROPAGATION
AB Numerous rodents were trapped for serologic and virologic studies following the identification of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case in Dade County, Florida. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were the most frequently captured rodent and displayed the highest seroprevalence to a variety of hantavirus antigens. Hantavirus genome RNA was detected in all the seropositive cotton rats tested, using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-FCR) assay. A virus was isolated from tissues of two seropositive cotton rats by cultivation of lung and spleen homogenates on Vero E6 cells. Nucleotide sequence information obtained by direct RT-PCR and the serologic relationships of this virus with the other hantaviruses indicate that this virus, Black Creek Canal virus, represents a new hantavirus distinct from the previously known serotypes. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,HRS,MIAMI,FL.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD.
RP ROLLIN, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012
NR 32
TC 114
Z9 116
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0146-6615
J9 J MED VIROL
JI J. Med. Virol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 46
IS 1
BP 35
EP 39
DI 10.1002/jmv.1890460108
PG 5
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA QV462
UT WOS:A1995QV46200007
PM 7623004
ER
PT J
AU MARTINEZ, AJ
JANITSCHKE, K
VISVESVARA, GS
SCHUSTER, F
AF MARTINEZ, AJ
JANITSCHKE, K
VISVESVARA, GS
SCHUSTER, F
TI GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS DUE TO BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS -
CONTRAST AND COMPARISON IN IMMUNODEFICIENT AND IMMUNOCOMPETENT MICE
SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA.
ROBERT KOCH INST,W-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,BROOKLYN,NY 11210.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0022-3069
J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR
JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 54
IS 3
BP 450
EP 450
DI 10.1097/00005072-199505000-00172
PG 1
WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology
GA QX385
UT WOS:A1995QX38500171
ER
PT J
AU LOBATO, MN
CALDWELL, MB
NG, P
OXTOBY, MJ
AF LOBATO, MN
CALDWELL, MB
NG, P
OXTOBY, MJ
TI ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV-INFECTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; DEMENTIA
COMPLEX; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; ZIDOVUDINE; SURVIVAL;
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; PROGRESSION
AB Objective: To define the incidence, characteristics, and survival of children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and encephalopathy.
Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected from 1811 HIV-infected children in a multicenter active surveillance study. Setting: Health departments and medical centers in six areas of the United States.
Results: HIV encephalopathy was diagnosed in 178 (23%) of 766 children with perinatally acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), The median age at diagnosis of encephalopathy was 19 months, Among infected children, the estimated risk of having HIV encephalopathy by age 12 months was 4.0% (95% confidence interval, 2.6% to 6.0%), Children with HIV encephalopathy had more hospitalizations (median, 4) than children with other AIDS-defining conditions (median, 2; p = 0.002) and lower CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts in the first year of life (median, 444 cells/mm(3)), Estimated median survival after diagnosis was 22 months, similar to the 20 months for children with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Conclusion: HIV encephalopathy in chidren with perinatally acquired AIDS is a common condition and is associated with severe morbidity evidenced by frequent hospitalizations, severe immunodeficiency, and short survival.
C1 US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 30
TC 79
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 126
IS 5
BP 710
EP 715
DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70397-7
PN 1
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QY151
UT WOS:A1995QY15100005
PM 7751993
ER
PT J
AU KANN, L
WARREN, CW
HARRIS, WA
COLLINS, JL
DOUGLAS, KA
COLLINS, ME
WILLIAMS, BI
ROSS, JG
KOLBE, LJ
AF KANN, L
WARREN, CW
HARRIS, WA
COLLINS, JL
DOUGLAS, KA
COLLINS, ME
WILLIAMS, BI
ROSS, JG
KOLBE, LJ
TI YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEILLANCE - UNITED-STATES, 1993
SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB Priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health risk behaviors among youth and youth adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC and state and local school-based surveys conducted by stale and local education agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 24 stale surveys, and nine local surveys conducted among high school students during February through May 1993. In the United States, 72% of all deaths among school-age youth and young adults are from four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other intentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1993 YRBSS suggest many high school students practice behaviors that may increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 19.1% rarely or never use a safety belt, 35.3% had ridden during the 30 days preceding the survey with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, 22.1% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey, 80.9% ever drank alcohol 32.8% ever used marijuana, and 8.6% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among adolescents also result from unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV infection. YRBSS results indicate that in 1993, 53% of high school students had experienced sexual intercourse, 52.8% of sexually active students had used a condom during last sexual intercourse, and 1.4% ever injected an illegal drug. Among adults, 67% of all deaths are from three causes: heart disease, cancer, and stroke. In 1993, many high school students practiced behaviors that may increase the risk for these health problems: 30.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey, only 15.4% had eaten five or more servings of fruits and vegetables during the day preceding the survey, and only 34.3% had attended physical education class daily. YRBSS data are being used nationwide by health and education officials to improve school health policies and programs designed to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. At the national level YRBSS data are being used to measure progress toward achieving 26 national health objectives and one of eight National Education Goals.
C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
MACRO INT,CALVERTON,MD 20705.
RP KANN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 11
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC
PI KENT
PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240
SN 0022-4391
J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH
JI J. Sch. Health
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 65
IS 5
BP 163
EP 171
PG 9
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services;
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RA624
UT WOS:A1995RA62400001
PM 7637332
ER
PT J
AU CLEVELAND, JL
GOOCH, BF
BOLYARD, EA
SIMONE, PM
MULLAN, RJ
MARIANOS, DW
AF CLEVELAND, JL
GOOCH, BF
BOLYARD, EA
SIMONE, PM
MULLAN, RJ
MARIANOS, DW
TI TB INFECTION-CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE CDC, 1994 - CONSIDERATIONS
FOR DENTISTRY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; TUBERCULOSIS
AB Between 1989 and 1992, reports of outbreaks and transmissions of tuberculosis in institutional settings prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to review the guidelines for TB infection control it had published in 1990. The CDC published an updated version of the guidelines in October 1994. This article gives dentists an overview of the guidelines' recommendations that are applicable to most outpatient dental settings.
RP CLEVELAND, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,MAILSTOP F-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER DENTAL ASSN
PI CHICAGO
PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611
SN 0002-8177
J9 J AM DENT ASSOC
JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 126
IS 5
BP 593
EP 599
PG 7
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA QY136
UT WOS:A1995QY13600008
PM 7759684
ER
PT J
AU CASPERSEN, CJ
MERRITT, RK
AF CASPERSEN, CJ
MERRITT, RK
TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY TRENDS AMONG 26 STATES, 1986-1990
SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
LA English
DT Article
DE EXERTION; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; SURVEILLANCE
ID UNITED-STATES; CHRONIC DISEASES; EXERCISE; FITNESS; ADULTS;
EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; SAMPLE
AB Data to monitor physical activity from large, representative samples are rare. Therefore, we conducted standardized telephone surveys for 26 states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 1986 through 1990. More than 34,800 adults aged 18 and older responded annually. We scored leisure time physical activity data into four patterns: 1) physically inactive, 2) irregularly active, 3) regularly active, not intensive, and 4) regularly active, intensive. Over time, roughly 6 in 10 persons were physically inactive or irregularly active. While almost 4 in 10 persons were regularly active, less than 1 in 10 were regularly active, intensive. There were statistically significant decreases (-2.3%) in physically inactive persons and significant increases (+2.1%) in persons classified as regularly active, intensive. The irregularly active pattern did not change, while only men of all ages and men less than age 30 increased the regularly active, not intensive pattern (+1.7% and +3.8%, respectively). Improvements across the activity patterns Varied by demographic group: women and older adults made the most beneficial changes, while races other than white and the least educated groups had unfavorable changes. Despite many improvements, most persons still did little or no physical activity, signaling the need for enhanced intervention efforts.
RP CASPERSEN, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRONIC DIS PREVENT,CARDIOVASC HLTH STUD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009
NR 46
TC 134
Z9 136
U1 2
U2 3
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0195-9131
J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER
JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 5
BP 713
EP 720
PG 8
WC Sport Sciences
SC Sport Sciences
GA QW449
UT WOS:A1995QW44900014
PM 7674876
ER
PT J
AU BROWN, DR
WANG, YD
WARD, A
EBBELING, CB
FORTLAGE, L
PULEO, E
BENSON, H
RIPPE, JM
AF BROWN, DR
WANG, YD
WARD, A
EBBELING, CB
FORTLAGE, L
PULEO, E
BENSON, H
RIPPE, JM
TI CHRONIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND EXERCISE PLUS COGNITIVE
STRATEGIES
SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
LA English
DT Article
DE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; WALKING; TAI CHI; RELAXATION RESPONSE; PSYCHOLOGICAL
WELL-BEING; MENTAL HEALTH
ID MOOD STATE; ADULTS; TRIAL; DEPRESSION; RATIONALE; SCALES; WOMEN
AB Psychological changes associated with 16-wk moderate and low intensity exercise training programs, two of which possessed a cognitive component, were evaluated. Subjects were healthy, sedentary adults, 69 women (mean age = 54.8 +/- 8.3 yr) and 66 men (mean age = 50.6 +/- 8.0 yr). Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (C), moderate intensity walking group (MW), low intensity walking group (LW), low intensity walking plus relaxation response group (LWR), or mindful exercise (ME) group-a Tai Chi type program. Women in the ME group experienced reductions in mood disturbance (tension, P < 0.01; depression, P < 0.05; anger, P < 0.008; confusion, P < 0.02; and total mood disturbance, P < 0.006) and an improvement in general mood (P < 0.04). Women in the MW group noted greater satisfaction with physical attributes (body cathexis, P < 0.03), and men in MW reported increased positive affect (P < 0.006). No other differences were observed between groups on measures of mood, self-esteem, personality, or life satisfaction. Equivocal support is provided for the hypothesis that exercise plus cognitive strategy training programs are more effective than exercise programs lacking a structured cognitive component in promoting psychological benefits.
C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,EXERCISE PHYSIOL & NUTR LAB,WORCESTER,MA 01655.
HARVARD UNIV,NEW ENGLAND DEACONESS HOSP,SCH MED,INST MIND BODY MED,BOSTON,MA 02215.
RP BROWN, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,MS K-46,ATLANTA,GA 30340, USA.
RI Weaver, Marissa/C-4027-2012
NR 39
TC 110
Z9 117
U1 3
U2 16
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0195-9131
J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER
JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 5
BP 765
EP 775
PG 11
WC Sport Sciences
SC Sport Sciences
GA QW449
UT WOS:A1995QW44900021
PM 7674883
ER
PT J
AU YANG, CF
SHI, YP
UDHAYAKUMAR, V
ALPERS, MP
POVOA, MM
HAWLEY, WA
COLLINS, WE
LAL, AA
AF YANG, CF
SHI, YP
UDHAYAKUMAR, V
ALPERS, MP
POVOA, MM
HAWLEY, WA
COLLINS, WE
LAL, AA
TI SEQUENCE VARIATIONS IN THE NONREPETITIVE REGIONS OF THE LIVER
STAGE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN-1 (LSA-1) OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM FROM FIELD
ISOLATES
SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
DE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; LIVER-STAGE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN-1; SEQUENCE
VARIATION; MALARIA
ID SEVERE MALARIA
C1 PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA.
INST EVANDRO CHAGAS,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL.
RP YANG, CF (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013
NR 8
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-6851
J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT
JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 71
IS 2
BP 291
EP 294
DI 10.1016/0166-6851(95)00069-D
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology
GA RG119
UT WOS:A1995RG11900019
PM 7477115
ER
PT J
AU KAUFMANN, L
PADHYE, A
AF KAUFMANN, L
PADHYE, A
TI PINE,LEO 1922-1994
SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA
LA English
DT Item About an Individual
RP KAUFMANN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-486X
J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA
JI Mycopathologia
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 130
IS 2
BP 65
EP 66
DI 10.1007/BF01103450
PG 2
WC Mycology
SC Mycology
GA RU237
UT WOS:A1995RU23700001
ER
PT J
AU LINDSAY, MK
GRANT, J
PETERSON, HB
WILLIS, S
NELSON, P
KLEIN, L
AF LINDSAY, MK
GRANT, J
PETERSON, HB
WILLIS, S
NELSON, P
KLEIN, L
TI THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SEROSTATUS ON
CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE AND REPEAT PREGNANCY
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION; DECISIONS; INFECTION; UPDATE
AB Objective: To examine relationships among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus, postpartum contraceptive choice, and the rate of repeat pregnancy within a short interval.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in 83 seropositive and 218 seronegative women identified from an inner-city prenatal population undergoing routine voluntary HIV antibody screening from July 1987 through June 1989. Postpartum contraceptive choices and rate of repeat pregnancies were compared based on HIV serostatus.
Results: Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to undergo tubal sterilization (27 versus 15%; odds ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-5.9). This relationship persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity by logistic regression modeling (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4-5.9). Seropositive women were significantly less likely than seronegative women to select oral contraceptives (34 versus 68%; OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4), a relationship that persisted after controlling for age, race, marital status, parity, and foam and condom use (adjusted OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). Seropositive women were significantly more likely than seronegative women to select foam and condoms as their primary method of contraception (30 versus 15%; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.5), a relationship that did not persist after controlling for age, race, marital status, and parity (adjusted OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3). The risk of repeat pregnancy was slightly lower in seropositive versus seronegative women (34 versus 44%; OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.3). Most repeat pregnancies among seropositive and seronegative women were unplanned (90 and 82%, respectively).
Conclusion: There was a relationship between the method postpartum contraception and HIV serostatus, but no significant difference in repeat pregnancy rates associated with choice of method.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP LINDSAY, MK (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,POB 26158,ATLANTA,GA 30335, USA.
NR 7
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 675
EP 679
DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00018-M
PN 1
PG 5
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA QU289
UT WOS:A1995QU28900009
PM 7724094
ER
PT J
AU SUN, XW
ELLERBROCK, TV
LUNGU, O
CHIASSON, MA
BUSH, TJ
WRIGHT, TC
AF SUN, XW
ELLERBROCK, TV
LUNGU, O
CHIASSON, MA
BUSH, TJ
WRIGHT, TC
TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS-SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; LESIONS; ABNORMALITIES; GRADE; RISK
AB Objective: To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women who are seropositive and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and to determine if associations between HPV and cervical disease are altered in HIV-seropositive women.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 344 HIV-seropositive and 325 HIV-seronegative women underwent colposcopy and HPV DNA testing.
Results: Human immunodeficieney virus-seropositive women were more likely than HlV-seronegative women to have HPV DNA of any type detected (60 versus 36%, P < .001). Infections with HPV type 16 (27 versus 17%, P <.05), type 18 (24 versus 9%, P <.05), and more than one type of HPV (51 versus 26%, P <.05) were also more common in HIV-positive women. Although both latent HPV infection and HPV infections associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were more prevalent in the HIV-seropositive group, the ratio between these two types of infections was altered markedly in the HIV-seropositive women. Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women who were HPV-infected were significantly more likely to have CIN than were HPV-infected HIV-seronegative women, an increase observed at all levels of immunosuppression. Analysis of specific HPV types associated with latent HPV infection and CIN indicated that HIV seropositivity only minimally alters the known associations between specific types of HPV and cervical disease.
Conclusion: Human papillomavirus infections are more common among HIV-seropositive women at all levels of immunosuppression. However; relationships between HIV and HPV are complex and cannot be explained completely by an increased susceptibility to new HPV infections in the immunosuppressed patient
C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032.
NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS INTERVENT RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU PHS HHS [CCU 206822]
NR 21
TC 118
Z9 125
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 5
BP 680
EP 686
DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00025-M
PN 1
PG 7
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA QU289
UT WOS:A1995QU28900010
PM 7724095
ER
PT J
AU LEWIS, K
SAUBOLLE, MA
TENOVER, FC
RUDINSKY, MF
BARBOUR, SD
CHERRY, JD
AF LEWIS, K
SAUBOLLE, MA
TENOVER, FC
RUDINSKY, MF
BARBOUR, SD
CHERRY, JD
TI PERTUSSIS CAUSED BY AN ERYTHROMYCIN-RESISTANT STRAIN OF
BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS; WHOOPING COUGH; ERYTHROMYCIN; ANTIMICROBIC
RESISTANCE; DRUG RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS
ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; PREVENTION; AGENTS
C1 GOOD SAMARITAN REG MED CTR,PHOENIX,AZ.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA.
RP LEWIS, K (reprint author), PHOENIX CHILDRENS HOSP,PHOENIX,AZ 85006, USA.
FU PHS HHS [1-A115124]
NR 15
TC 41
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5
BP 388
EP 391
DI 10.1097/00006454-199505000-00010
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA QX698
UT WOS:A1995QX69800011
PM 7638015
ER
PT J
AU LIEB, LE
MUNDY, TM
GOLDFINGER, D
PEPKOWITZ, SH
BRUNELL, PA
CALDWELL, MB
WARD, JW
AF LIEB, LE
MUNDY, TM
GOLDFINGER, D
PEPKOWITZ, SH
BRUNELL, PA
CALDWELL, MB
WARD, JW
TI UNRECOGNIZED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION IN A COHORT
OF TRANSFUSED NEONATES - A RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME;
BLOOD TRANSFUSION; CHILDREN
AB Objective. To retrospectively identify unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection among a cohort of children transfused as neonates before donated blood was routinely screened for HIV-1 antibody.
Methods. Records at a large, private, metropolitan hospital were reviewed to identify children who were transfused as neonates between January 1980 and March 1985 and discharged alive from the hospital. Multiple data sources were used to locate these children. Parents or guardians were contacted, and their children were offered HIV-1 antibody testing and physical examination.
Results. Of the 775 children identified as having received transfusions during the project period, 644 (83%) were located, and 443 (69%) were evaluated for HIV-1 infection. Among those evaluated, 33 (7%) had antibody to HIV-1, including 14 whose infections had not been previously diagnosed. At the time of enrollment, 13 children infected with HIV-1 were asymptomatic an average of 63 months after transfusion.
Conclusion. HIV-1 antibody testing should be considered for all children, regardless of clinical status, who were transfused before routine blood donor screening was implemented in March 1985, particularly in areas with a high incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome during those years.
C1 CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP LIEB, LE (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,600 S COMMONWEALTH,SUITE 805,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA.
FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU900828]
NR 17
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 5
BP 717
EP 721
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QW479
UT WOS:A1995QW47900018
PM 7724310
ER
PT J
AU HATZIANDREU, EJ
SACKS, JJ
BROWN, R
TAYLOR, WR
ROSENBERG, ML
GRAHAM, JD
AF HATZIANDREU, EJ
SACKS, JJ
BROWN, R
TAYLOR, WR
ROSENBERG, ML
GRAHAM, JD
TI THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF 3 PROGRAMS TO INCREASE USE OF BICYCLE HELMETS
AMONG CHILDREN
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAD-INJURY; CAMPAIGN
AB Each year in the United States, 280 children die from bicycle crashes and 144,000 are treated for head injuries from bicycling. Although bicycle helmets reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent, few children wear them.
To help guide the choice of strategy to promote helmet use among children ages 5 to 16 years, the cost effectiveness of legislative, communitywide, and school-based approaches was assessed. A societal perspective was used, only direct costs were included, and a 4-year period after program startup was examined. National age-specific injury rates and an attributable risk model were used to estimate the expected number of bicycle-related head injuries and deaths in localities with and without a program.
The percentage of children who wore helmets increased from 4 to 47 in the legislative program, from 5 to 33 in the community program, and from 2 to 8 in the school program. Two programs had similar cost effectiveness ratios per head injury avoided. The legislative program had a $36,643 cost and the community-based one, $37,732, while the school-based program had a cost of $144,498 per head injury avoided. The community program obtained its 33 percent usage gradually over the 4 years, while the legislative program resulted in an immediate increase in usage, thus, considering program characteristics and overall results, the legislative program appears to be the most cost-effective. The cost of helmets was the most influential factor on the cost-effectiveness ratio.
The year 2000 health objectives call for use of helmets by 50 percent of bicyclists. Since helmet use in all these programs is less than 50 percent, new or combinations of approaches may be required to achieve the objective.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BOSTON,MA 02115.
BATTELLE MED TECHNOL ASSESSMENT & POLICY RES CTR,ARLINGTON,VA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU PHS HHS [200-88-0644]
NR 33
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 3
BP 251
EP 259
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE043
UT WOS:A1995RE04300004
PM 7610212
ER
PT J
AU HOUCK, P
PATNODE, M
ATWOOD, R
POWELL, K
AF HOUCK, P
PATNODE, M
ATWOOD, R
POWELL, K
TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OUTBREAK OF SEROGROUP-C
MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE AND THE PUBLIC-HEALTH RESPONSE
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; FEBRUARY 1992; DECEMBER 1991;
GROUP-A; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM
AB An outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease occurred in six counties in the State of Washington from January 1989 through mid-1991. This report describes epidemiologic data collected from hospitals and health departments, the results of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of isolates, and the vaccination of high-risk populations in one county.
A total of 45 confirmed or probable cases (10 per 100,000 population) occurred. Infants younger than age 1, Hispanics and American Indians, and low-income populations had high attack rates. Nine (20 percent) patients died. The predominant enzyme type, ET-22, had not been detected previously in Washington. More than 22,000 persons were vaccinated in one of the counties.
Major challenges to health care personnel included deciding when and where to employ vaccination, obtaining sufficient vaccine, and responding to public anxiety.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA.
YAKIMA HLTH DIST,YAKIMA,WA.
INDIAN HLTH SERV,TOPPENISH,WA.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 3
BP 343
EP 349
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE043
UT WOS:A1995RE04300021
PM 7610228
ER
PT J
AU LANDEN, DD
HENDRICKS, S
AF LANDEN, DD
HENDRICKS, S
TI EFFECT OF RECALL ON REPORTING OF AT-WORK INJURIES
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Difficulty with recall of injuries can result in underestimates of injury incidence and bias in risk estimates in surveys based on self-reports. This study examined the efect of recall on estimates of at-work injury obtained from the 1988 Occupational Health Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey, which used a 12-month reference period for injury reporting.
Estimates of annual injury incidence were obtained from recall intervals of increasing time between injury date and interview date. A linear model was fitted to these data to estimate the incidence rate expected if all respondents had been interviewed within 4 weeks of injury.
The incidence rate for all at-work injuries adjusted for recall was 32 percent higher than the unadjusted rate. The percent increase in the estimates differed among demographic groups and by injury severity. Rate ratios comparing risk of injury between some demographic groups were also affected by adjustment for recall.
A 12-month or longer reference period is frequently used in injury surveys in order to obtain an adequate number of injuries for analysis. A shorter reference period is desirable to provide more accurate estimates; however this necessitates increasing the size of the sample used in the survey. This increased cost must be balanced against the need for accurate information on injury.
RP LANDEN, DD (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA.
NR 9
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 3
BP 350
EP 354
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE043
UT WOS:A1995RE04300022
PM 7610229
ER
PT J
AU SCOTT, DE
HU, DJ
HANSON, C
FLEMING, PL
NORTHUP, T
AF SCOTT, DE
HU, DJ
HANSON, C
FLEMING, PL
NORTHUP, T
TI CASE-MANAGEMENT OF HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN IN MISSOURI
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS
AB The early referral of HIV-exposed children and their mothers to coordinated medical and social services has become increasingly important. In July 1989, the Missouri Department of Health initiated the Service Coordination Program to provide individualized referral (case management) for Missouri residents who were reported to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection. The purpose of the Service Coordination Program is to assist persons in accessing medical and social services. The authors describe the characteristics of the 36 children (18 enrolled in the Service Coordination Program, and 18 not enrolled) reported to the Missouri Department of Health through September 1992. Although more detailed evaluations are necessary, preliminary data suggest that opportunities for early intervention may be facilitated by the Service Coordination Program if the child's HIV status is recognized early.
C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MD.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,REPORTING & ANAL SECT,ATLANTA,GA.
BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 3
BP 355
EP 356
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE043
UT WOS:A1995RE04300023
PM 7610230
ER
PT J
AU KESNER, JS
KNECHT, EA
KRIEG, EF
AF KESNER, JS
KNECHT, EA
KRIEG, EF
TI STABILITY OF URINARY FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES STORED UNDER VARIOUS
CONDITIONS
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LUTEINIZING HORMONE; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; ESTRONE
3-GLUCURONIDE; PREGNANEDIOL 5-GLUCURONIDE; CREATININE; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
WOMEN; URINE
ID PREGNANEDIOL GLUCURONIDE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; WOMEN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY;
PROFILES; OVARIAN; FIELD; TIME
AB Urinary reproductive hormones afford specific and sensitive evaluation of female reproductive potential in epidemiologic and clinical settings. The goal of this study was to characterize the stability of urinary luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estrone 3-glucuronide, pregnanediol 3-glucuronide, and creatinine during storage as functions of time, temperature, and additives. After 2 weeks with no additives, activity of the four analytes, relative to initial concentrations, ranged from 91.9 to 102.8% at 4 degrees C, 35.1 to 89.6% at 25 degrees C, and 7.5 to 66.9% at 37 degrees C. Antimicrobial additives did not consistently improve stability. Analyte activity for samples stored with no additives for 24 weeks at -80 degrees C ranged from 69.0 to 101.2%, Glycerol and bovine serum albumin improved analyte stability; activity ranged from 91.1 to 106.3%. Other additives were ineffective. These results reveal conditions for storing reproductive hormone analytes in urine during epidemiologic field studies.
RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,C-23,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 23
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 239
EP 244
DI 10.1016/0890-6238(95)00005-U
PG 6
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA RB716
UT WOS:A1995RB71600004
PM 7579908
ER
PT J
AU RAO, JK
CALLAHAN, LF
AF RAO, JK
CALLAHAN, LF
TI SYSTEMS FOR DATA-ANALYSIS
SO RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE; IMPACT MEASUREMENT SCALES;
CLINICAL-TRIALS; ARTHRITIS; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY; DISEASE
AB The concept of longitudinal databases as a means for monitoring rheumatologic care and health status outcomes has been well developed over the last 10 years.(22) With the increasing popularity of computers, there is a variety of options available for data management and statistical analysis. The choice of an appropriate database management system and statistical package depends on the type and amount of data collected and analyses being planned (Table 1).(4) For simple descriptive analyses a spreadsheet program will sometimes suffice, both as a database manager and a mechanism for performing these analyses. Alternatively, for hypothesis testing, a statistical package is often needed in addition to the database management system.
RP RAO, JK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUN INTERVEN,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0889-857X
J9 RHEUM DIS CLIN N AM
JI Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 2
BP 359
EP 378
PG 20
WC Rheumatology
SC Rheumatology
GA QZ159
UT WOS:A1995QZ15900004
PM 7631033
ER
PT J
AU KNAPP, JS
BRATHWAITE, AR
HINDS, A
DUNCAN, W
RICE, RJ
AF KNAPP, JS
BRATHWAITE, AR
HINDS, A
DUNCAN, W
RICE, RJ
TI PLASMID-MEDIATED ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE IN
KINGSTON, JAMAICA - 1990-1991
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID NON-PPNG; STRAINS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TETRACYCLINE
AB Background and Objectives: Gonococcal infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have spread into many geographic areas and have increased in prevalence since the mid 1970s, Surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant gonococcal strains in Jamaica from 1981 to 1983 indicated that fewer than 3% of strains produced beta-lactamase (penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae ); approximately 4% of strains were resistant to penicillin, and 12% were resistant to tetracycline.
Goal of this Study: To measure the frequency and nature of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Kingston, Jamaica, from 1990 to 1991 and to assess the effectiveness of prescribed treatment regimens.
Study Design: Urethral isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 116 heterosexual men with uncomplicated gonorrhea, representing 7.1% (116/1633) men attending the STD Comprehensive Health Centre from October 1990 through March 1991 who had positive Gram-stained smears, were characterized by auxotype, serovar, presence of the TetM determinant, and plasmid content, Antimicrobial susceptibilities to penicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin were determined by an agar dilution method.
Results: A total of 80.2% (93/116) of the isolates exhibited plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both: penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (13/116; 11.2%), tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (25/116; 21.6%), and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (55/116; 47.4%), Isolates with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both, accounted for 5.2% (6/116) of the isolates, Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae hoeae, and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae belonging to multiple auxotype/serovar classes were isolated repeatedly through the study period.
Conclusions: Infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae exhibiting plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, or both, have become prevalent and endemic in Kingston, Jamaica, Therefore, all gonococcal infections should he treated with antimicrobial therapies known to be active against penicillin-resistant and tetracycline-resistant organisms to reduce gonorrhea transmission.
C1 MINIST HLTH,NATL STD CONTROL PROGRAM,KINGSTON,JAMAICA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 12
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 3
BP 155
EP 159
DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00004
PG 5
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA QY967
UT WOS:A1995QY96700004
PM 7652657
ER
PT J
AU MILLER, H
ARAL, S
AF MILLER, H
ARAL, S
TI UNITING RESEARCH COMMUNITIES TO IMPROVE STD RESEARCH - AN INTRODUCTION
FROM THE CDC AND NIH
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP MILLER, H (reprint author), NIAID,STD BRANCH,SOLAR BLDG,ROOM 3A26,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 3
BP 162
EP 163
DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00006
PG 2
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA QY967
UT WOS:A1995QY96700006
PM 7652659
ER
PT J
AU PETERMAN, TA
AF PETERMAN, TA
TI CAN WE GET PEOPLE TO PARTICIPATE IN A STUDY OF SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; BIAS; MEN
AB Background and Objectives: Interpreting the results of any study requires careful analysis to determine how selective participation may have influenced the findings, Participation in a study of sexual behavior may be influenced by who is doing the study, who the participants are,what it means to participate, what the study involves, and what is meant by sexual behavior.
Goal of this Study: Identify potential sources of bias that could be detected by asking the question ''Can we get people to participate in a study of sexual behavior?''
Study Design: Review of important examples of participation bias from the literature, Examination of a convenience sample of key studies of sexual behavior to see how they have addressed participation-related issues.
Results: There are many examples of studies where misleading results were caused by participation bias, Many key studies of sexual behavior did not address fully the potential impact of selective participation.
Conclusion: No study is completely without participation bias, Understanding potential sources of bias is essential when designing a study or interpreting the results.
RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 3
BP 164
EP 168
DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00007
PG 5
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA QY967
UT WOS:A1995QY96700007
PM 7652660
ER
PT J
AU PADIAN, NS
ARAL, S
VRANIZAN, K
BOLAN, G
AF PADIAN, NS
ARAL, S
VRANIZAN, K
BOLAN, G
TI RELIABILITY OF SEXUAL HISTORIES IN HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
AB Background and Objectives: Reliability of responses between partners was used as a surrogate to examine the validity of self-reported sexual histories in two samples with different risk and demographic profiles and different intensities of contact with study staff.
Study Design: Retrospective self-report data were compared between partners and between samples.
Results: Despite differences between the two groups, reliability of the sexual history data was comparable.
Conclusions: Further study is needed to examine other methodologies for collecting sensitive data. Intensive contact and rapport building may not be necessary.
C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,PROGRAM REPROD EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
NR 5
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 3
BP 169
EP 172
DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00008
PG 4
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA QY967
UT WOS:A1995QY96700008
PM 7652661
ER
PT J
AU HILLIS, S
BLACK, C
NEWHALL, J
WALSH, C
GROSECLOSE, SL
AF HILLIS, S
BLACK, C
NEWHALL, J
WALSH, C
GROSECLOSE, SL
TI NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHLAMYDIA PREVENTION - APPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE TO
PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; TRACHOMATIS
INFECTION; REACTION ASSAY; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS;
NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREGNANCY
C1 NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 66
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 3
BP 197
EP 202
DI 10.1097/00007435-199505000-00011
PG 6
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA QY967
UT WOS:A1995QY96700011
PM 7652664
ER
PT J
AU PENMAN, AD
LANIER, DC
AVARA, WT
CANANT, KE
DEGROOTE, JW
BRACKIN, BT
CURRIER, MM
HOTCHKISS, RL
AF PENMAN, AD
LANIER, DC
AVARA, WT
CANANT, KE
DEGROOTE, JW
BRACKIN, BT
CURRIER, MM
HOTCHKISS, RL
TI VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS WOUND INFECTIONS FROM THE MISSISSIPPI GULF COASTAL
WATERS - JUNE TO AUGUST 1993
SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB Vibrio vulnificus, part of the normal marine flora of the Gulf of Mexico, is being increasingly recognized as an important human pathogen, V vulnificus contamination of superficial wounds can cause a severe, rapidly progressive, necrotizing cellulitis with bullous skin lesions that may require surgical debridement and is occasionally fatal. We summarize information about six cases of V vulnificus wound infection reported to the Mississippi State Department of Health from June to August 1993. Five of the six patients required hospitalization for intravenous antibiotic treatment and, in two cases, surgery, Two patients died from septicemia, despite aggressive antibiotic treatment; both had preexisting medical conditions that could have contributed to immune compromise and fulminant infection, This report underscores the virulence of this organism and the need for awareness by both the clinician and diagnostic laboratory personnel when dealing with superficial wounds occupationally or recreationally exposed to seawater.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,JACKSON,MS.
GULFPORT MEM HOSP,GULFPORT,MS.
SINGING RIVER HOSP,PASCAGOULA,MS.
RP PENMAN, AD (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI DEPT HLTH,BUR PREVENT HLTH,2423 N STATE ST,JACKSON,MS 39215, USA.
NR 9
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN
PI BIRMINGHAM
PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219
SN 0038-4348
J9 SOUTHERN MED J
JI South.Med.J.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 88
IS 5
BP 531
EP 533
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QX244
UT WOS:A1995QX24400004
PM 7732441
ER
PT J
AU CASPER, ML
WING, S
ANDA, RF
KNOWLES, M
POLLARD, RA
AF CASPER, ML
WING, S
ANDA, RF
KNOWLES, M
POLLARD, RA
TI CHANGES IN THE GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF STROKE MORTALITY IN THE
UNITED-STATES, 1962 TO 1988
SO STROKE
LA English
DT Article
DE CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEOGRAPHY; MORTALITY
ID COMMUNITY OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE; HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; TRENDS;
MIGRATION; DECLINE; SMOKING
AB Background and Purpose The factors that contribute to the Stroke Belt-a concentration of high stroke mortality rates in the southeastern United States-remain unidentified. Previous hypotheses that focused on physical properties of the area have not been confirmed. This study describes changes in the locations of areas with the highest rates of stroke mortality and the implications for new hypotheses regarding the Stroke Belt.
Methods We calculated annual, age-adjusted stroke mortality rates for black women, black men, white women, and white men for the years 1962 to 1988 using a three-piece log-linear regression model. Maps were produced with the state economic area (SEA) as the unit of analysis. The baseline Stroke Belt was defined as the area with the largest concentration of high-quintile SEAs in 1962.
Results The concentration of high-rate SEAs tended to shift away from the Piedmont region of the Southeast and toward the Mississippi River valley. For example, whereas among black women in 1962, 72% of SEAs in the baseline Stroke Belt were in the highest quintile, by 1988 this percentage had dropped to 48%. Similar patterns were observed for the other race/sex groups.
Conclusions Temporal changes in the location of areas with the highest stroke mortality rates suggest that new hypotheses for understanding the geographic pattern of stroke mortality should consider temporal trends in a variety of medical, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS CONTROL & HLTH PROMOT,STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC.
RP CASPER, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS CONTROL & HLTH PROMOT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS K47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 40
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER HEART ASSOC
PI DALLAS
PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596
SN 0039-2499
J9 STROKE
JI Stroke
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 26
IS 5
BP 755
EP 760
PG 6
WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QV877
UT WOS:A1995QV87700004
PM 7740562
ER
PT J
AU SIMON, JA
FONG, J
BERNERT, JT
BROWNER, WS
AF SIMON, JA
FONG, J
BERNERT, JT
BROWNER, WS
TI SERUM FATTY-ACIDS AND THE RISK OF STROKE
SO STROKE
LA English
DT Article
DE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIET; FATTY ACIDS; RISK FACTORS
ID INTERVENTION TRIAL MRFIT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLATELET-FUNCTION;
LIPIDS; PLASMA; MEN; CHOLESTEROL; THROMBOSIS; PRESSURE; DISEASE
AB Background and Purpose To examine the relationship between serum fatty acids, which reflect dietary intake, and stroke, we conducted a nested case-control study of 96 men with incident stroke and 96 control subjects matched by age, clinical center, treatment group, and date of randomization who were enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
Methods After confirming the stability of the stored serum samples, we measured serum cholesterol ester and phospholipid fatty acid levels as the percentage of total fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and examined their association with incident stroke. Using stepwise conditional logistic regression that controlled for risk factors for stroke, we determined which fatty acids were independent correlates of stroke.
Results In univariate models, a standard deviation (SD) increase (1.37%) in phospholipid stearic acid (18:0) was associated with a 37% increase in the risk of stroke, whereas an SD increase (0.06%) in phospholipid omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (18:3) was associated with a 28% decrease in the risk of stroke (all P<.05). Only alpha-linolenic acid in the cholesterol ester fraction was associated with the risk of stroke in multivariate models: an SD increase (0.13%) in the serum level of alpha-linolenic acid was associated with a 37% decrease in the risk of stroke (P<.05). Systolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking were also independently associated with stroke risk.
Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher serum levels of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are independently associated with a lower risk of stroke in middle-aged men at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,CLIN BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP SIMON, JA (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,GEN INTERNAL MED SECT 111A1,4150 CLEMENT ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94121, USA.
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-32338-03]
NR 39
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER HEART ASSOC
PI DALLAS
PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596
SN 0039-2499
J9 STROKE
JI Stroke
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 26
IS 5
BP 778
EP 782
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QV877
UT WOS:A1995QV87700008
PM 7740566
ER
PT J
AU ADAMS, MJ
KHOURY, MJ
SCANLON, KS
STEVENSON, RE
KNIGHT, GJ
HADDOW, JE
SYLVESTER, GC
CHEEK, JE
HENRY, JP
STABLER, SP
ALLEN, RH
AF ADAMS, MJ
KHOURY, MJ
SCANLON, KS
STEVENSON, RE
KNIGHT, GJ
HADDOW, JE
SYLVESTER, GC
CHEEK, JE
HENRY, JP
STABLER, SP
ALLEN, RH
TI ELEVATED MIDTRIMESTER SERUM METHYLMALONIC ACID LEVELS AS A RISK FACTOR
FOR NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COBALAMIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; FOLATE; VITAMIN-B12;
METABOLISM; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; TRANSCOBALAMINS;
ABNORMALITIES
AB The role of folic acid in the primary prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) is well established. However, questions related to the protective mechanism remain unanswered. To help answer these questions, we designed a case-control study to assess the role of folate- and cobalamin-related metabolites in the pathogenesis of NTDs. Concentrations of folate, cobalamin, and 14 other related metabolites were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in midtrimester serum specimens from 32 women with an NTD-affected pregnancy and from 132 control women, and in serum specimens from 46 nonpregnant women who had a history of NTD-affected pregnancy and from 43 nonpregnant control women. log-transformed means of metabolites were compared between case and control women for both the midtrimester and nonpregnant groups. In the pregnant group, serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were higher among case women than among control women (130 vs 105 nM). There was a strong dose-response relationship between midtrimester serum MMA level and the risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy, with the relative risk increasing 13-fold for women with MMA levels > 90th percentile. In the nonpregnant group, there was no difference in serum MMA levels between case and control women (140 vs 140 nM). Thus, the serum MMA levels of women in the midtrimester of pregnancies unaffected by NTDs were significantly lower than the levels of nonpregnant women, whereas the levels of women whose pregnancies were affected by NTDs were similar to those of nonpregnant women. The finding of elevated MMA serum concentrations among women in the midtrimester of NTD-affected pregnancies suggests that cobalamin may be involved in the etiology of NTDs. The possible role of cobalamin in relation to the protective effect of folic acid needs further evaluation. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 GREENWOOD GENET CTR,GREENWOOD,SC 29406.
FDN BLOOD RES,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074.
TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756.
UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262.
RP ADAMS, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,MS F34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 41
TC 45
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 51
IS 5
BP 311
EP 317
DI 10.1002/tera.1420510507
PG 7
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA RM600
UT WOS:A1995RM60000005
PM 7482352
ER
PT J
AU KHOURY, MJ
BEATY, TH
HWANG, SJ
AF KHOURY, MJ
BEATY, TH
HWANG, SJ
TI DETECTION OF GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES OF
BIRTH-DEFECTS - HOW BIG A SAMPLE-SIZE
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT; FACTOR-ALPHA-GENE; CLEFT-LIP; CIGARETTE-SMOKING;
BLADDER-CANCER; PALATE; ASSOCIATION; PHENOTYPE; RISK
AB Detecting interactions between risk factors in case-control studies of birth defects and other conditions usually requires increasing the sample size beyond that needed to detect marginal effects. A special case of such interaction is genotype-environment interaction in which the effects of an exposure on disease risk are modified by genetic susceptibility. When case-control studies are designed to detect marginal effects of an exposure (i.e., in the whole population), under many plausible interaction schemes, no additional case and control subjects are needed to detect genotype-environment interaction. On the contrary, inclusion of genotypic information generally can improve the statistical power of the original study. Using the example of oral clefts, maternal cigarette smoking, and genetic variation at the transforming growth factor alpha gene, we illustrate sample size and power issues in designing case-control studies when prior information is available on both the marginal effects of the exposure and the genetic factor. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,GENET DIS BRANCH,MS F45,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 23
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 51
IS 5
BP 336
EP 343
DI 10.1002/tera.1420510510
PG 8
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA RM600
UT WOS:A1995RM60000008
PM 7482355
ER
PT J
AU HOOPER, WC
PHILLIPS, DJ
RIBEIRO, M
BENSON, J
EVATT, BL
AF HOOPER, WC
PHILLIPS, DJ
RIBEIRO, M
BENSON, J
EVATT, BL
TI IL-6 UP-REGULATES PROTEIN-S EXPRESSION IN THE HEPG-2 HEPATOMA-CELLS
SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE-PHASE PROTEIN; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; SOLUBLE
INTERLEUKIN-6 RECEPTOR; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN;
SERUM AMYLOID-A; C4B-BINDING PROTEIN; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SIGNAL
TRANSDUCER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI
AB Several pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be important in the modulation of the procoagulant response. However, what role these cytokines may have in the regulation of coagulation inhibitors is poorly understood. While the hepatocyte is a primary site of synthesis for the anticoagulant proteins C and S, it is also major target cell for the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6. We have found that stimulation of HepG-2 hepatoma cells with IL-6 (5 ng/ml) significantly increased the production of the anticoagulant cofactor, protein S, in both a time and dose dependent fashion. This increase was seen at both the RNA and protein level. A mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody to human IL-6 suppressed the IL-6 effect in a concentration dependent fashion. IL-6 also increased the release of the C4b-binding protein but had no effect on protein C production. When combined with either dexamethasone or soluble IL-6 receptor, the IL-6 response was significantly enhanced. Oncostatin M, a functionally related cytokine, had a similar effect while other related cytokines, IL-11 and leukemia inhibitory factor, only had a marginal effect. IL-1, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha had no significant effect on protein S production. These results indicate that IL-6 may play an important regulatory role in the anticoagulant pathway.
RP HOOPER, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MS-D02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 47
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH
PI STUTTGART
PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0340-6245
J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS
JI Thromb. Haemost.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 73
IS 5
BP 819
EP 824
PG 6
WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QY175
UT WOS:A1995QY17500015
PM 7482409
ER
PT J
AU GIST, GL
BURG, JR
AF GIST, GL
BURG, JR
TI TRICHLOROETHYLENE - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE FROM A HEALTH-EFFECTS
PERSPECTIVE
SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Review
DE CERCLA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; NATIONAL EXPOSURE
REGISTRIES; SARA; TRICHLOROETHYLENE
ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CONTAMINATED WELL WATER; PRIMARY LIVER-CANCER; SERUM
BILE-ACIDS; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; TYPEWRITER CORRECTION FLUID;
DRY CLEANING WORKERS; CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RETROSPECTIVE
COHORT MORTALITY; PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS
AB This report reviews the literature on the impact of exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) an human health. Special emphasis is given To the health effects reported in excess of national norms by participants in the TCE Subregistry of the Volatile Organic Compounds Registry of the National Exposure Registries - persons with documented exposure to TCE through drinking and use of contaminated water. The health effects reported in excess by some or all of the sex and age groups studied were speech and hearing impairments, effects of stroke, liver problems, anemia and other blood disorders, diabetes, kidney disease, urinary tract disorders, and skin rashes.
RP GIST, GL (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 464
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 6
PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC
PI PRINCETON
PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543
SN 0748-2337
J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH
JI Toxicol. Ind. Health
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
BP 253
EP 307
PG 55
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology
GA RR535
UT WOS:A1995RR53500001
PM 7482570
ER
PT J
AU SCHULTE, PA
AF SCHULTE, PA
TI OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF BIOMARKERS
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Symposium on Human Health and Environment: Mechanisms of
Toxicity and Biomarkers to Assess Adverse Effects of Chemicals
CY SEP 25-30, 1994
CL SALSOMAGGIORE TERME, ITALY
SP Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, Sci Comm Occupat Toxicol, European Commiss Hlth & Safety Directorate, Public Hlth Unit, Univ Parma, WHO, Int Agcy Res Canc, Int Programme Chem Safety, ILO UNEP WHO, Off Occupat Hlth, Reg Off Europe, Assoc Univ Italiana Med Lavoro Bernardino Ramazzini
DE BIOMARKERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; STUDY DESIGN
ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; BERYLLIUM DISEASE; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; WORKERS; MORTALITY;
COHORT
AB Limitations in understanding the relationship between occupational and environmental exposures and disease present opportunities for using biological markers to fill gaps in knowledge. Three situations can be identified that could foster the development and use of biomarkers, where epidemiological evidence is (1) definitive, (2) equivocal, and (3) lacking. When there is clear epidemiological evidence of disease risk given an exposure, biomarkers could be used to identify high- and low-risk subsets of a cohort that might benefit from differential practices such as counseling about job risks, varying frequency and intensity of medical surveillance, and using protective equipment. Biomarkers could also be used to test the effectiveness of environmental controls. Assessment of blood lead in bridge workers and purified protein derivative (PPD) testing in health care workers illustrates biomarkers that have been used to evaluate control efforts. When epidemiological evidence is equivocal, a broad and consistent database on intermediate biomarkers in the path between exposure and disease could provide a compelling case as to whether a substance should be treated as hazardous. The case of ethylene oxide illustrates this situation: the epidemiological evidence of risk of lymphohematopoietic cancer is equivocal but there is an informative database on genetic and cytogenetic changes in various species consistent with carcinogenicity. Biomarker data also can be used to assist in the interpretation of inconclusive epidemiological information as is illustrated in the case of styrene where markers provide a mechanistic rationale for the epidemiologic findings. When there is little or no epidemiological evidence of risk in an exposure situation, such as around hazardous waste operations or with new technologies, biological markers can serve as early warning indicators of exposure or risk. In such cases it is important to have an underlying biological theory and an appropriate epidemiological study design if the principal results are to be of value in indicating risk and preventing disease.
RP NIOSH, CDC, INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
EI 1879-3169
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 77
IS 1-3
BP 25
EP 29
DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03267-3
PG 5
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA RE273
UT WOS:A1995RE27300005
PM 7618148
ER
PT J
AU GLYNN, JR
COLLINS, WE
JEFFERY, GM
BRADLEY, DJ
AF GLYNN, JR
COLLINS, WE
JEFFERY, GM
BRADLEY, DJ
TI INFECTING DOSE AND SEVERITY OF FALCIPARUM-MALARIA
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
DE MALARIA; SEVERITY; INFECTING DOSE
ID SPOROZOITES TRANSMITTED INVITRO; ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; QUANTITATION
AB The causes of the wide spectrum of severity in malaria have only partly been elucidated. There are theoretical reasons for thinking that the infecting dose may influence the severity but evidence is scarce. We have analysed the records of 82 non-immune neurosyphilis patients bitten by a known number of mosquitoes infected with one of 3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whose treatment was delayed. After controlling for strain, the number of mosquitoes was not associated with the prepatent period nor with any of the outcome measures. For one of the main strains, patients with shorter prepatent periods were more likely to receive treatment during the acute phase of the infection, but no other association with measures of severity was found. This study suggests that infecting dose is unlikely to be an important determinant of severity.
C1 UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
FU Wellcome Trust
NR 18
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE
PI LONDON
PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY
SN 0035-9203
J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H
JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 1995
VL 89
IS 3
BP 281
EP 283
DI 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90540-5
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA RF454
UT WOS:A1995RF45400014
PM 7660433
ER
PT J
AU WILEY, SD
SCHULZ, SL
BARNES, M
BOELSEN, R
LIN, I
PARISH, K
SCHWARTZ, M
HANNAN, J
AF WILEY, SD
SCHULZ, SL
BARNES, M
BOELSEN, R
LIN, I
PARISH, K
SCHWARTZ, M
HANNAN, J
TI HIV RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS IN SELECTED UNITED-STATES HEMOPHILIA
PROGRAMS
SO TRANSFUSION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,HOUSTON,TX.
UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN.
HEMOPHILIA FDN MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI.
HUNTINGTON HOSP,CTR HEMOPHILIA,PASADENA,CA.
TED R MONTOYA HEMOPHILIA PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS
PI BETHESDA
PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749
SN 0041-1132
J9 TRANSFUSION
JI Transfusion
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 35
IS 5
BP 438
EP 439
PG 2
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA QX938
UT WOS:A1995QX93800022
ER
PT J
AU SMITH, PS
KOERPER, MA
MANCOJOHNSON, M
NUSS, R
AF SMITH, PS
KOERPER, MA
MANCOJOHNSON, M
NUSS, R
TI THE EFFECT OF IVADS ON THE USE OF MEDICAL-SERVICES AND THE CONSUMPTION
OF CONCENTRATE IN CHILDREN ON PROPHYLAXIS FOR SEVERE HEMOPHILIA
SO TRANSFUSION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI.
UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,BOULDER,CO.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS
PI BETHESDA
PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749
SN 0041-1132
J9 TRANSFUSION
JI Transfusion
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 35
IS 5
BP 442
EP 442
PG 1
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA QX938
UT WOS:A1995QX93800031
ER
PT J
AU WILEY, S
HANNAN, J
BARRETT, S
EVATT, B
AF WILEY, S
HANNAN, J
BARRETT, S
EVATT, B
TI SURVEILLANCE OF HEMOPHILIA, HIV, AND HIV RISK REDUCTION AT FEDERALLY
FUNDED HTCS, 1990 THROUGH 1993
SO TRANSFUSION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA.
US BUR MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,ROCKVILLE,MD.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS
PI BETHESDA
PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749
SN 0041-1132
J9 TRANSFUSION
JI Transfusion
PD MAY
PY 1995
VL 35
IS 5
BP 444
EP 444
PG 1
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA QX938
UT WOS:A1995QX93800037
ER
PT J
AU KUNANUSONT, C
FOY, HM
KREISS, JK
RERKSNGARM, S
PHANUPHAK, P
RAKTHAM, S
PAU, CP
YOUNG, NL
AF KUNANUSONT, C
FOY, HM
KREISS, JK
RERKSNGARM, S
PHANUPHAK, P
RAKTHAM, S
PAU, CP
YOUNG, NL
TI HIV-1 SUBTYPES AND MALE-TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION IN THAILAND
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE STAGE;
RISK-FACTORS; TYPE-1; INFECTION; POPULATIONS; AIDS; PROSTITUTES;
ASSOCIATION
AB We examined the risk factors for heterosexual transmission of HIV in a case-control study of couples in Thailand. 90 HIV-positive men and their regular sex partners were enrolled at the immune clinic, Chulalongkorn Hospital, where 92% of male index cases had HIV-1 serotype A (subtype E). Most index cases had acquired HIV through sexual intercourse. 95 couples were enrolled at 15 detoxification clinics, where 79% of them had HIV-1 serotype B (subtype B). Most men had acquired HIV through injecting drug use (IDU).
The HIV seroconcordance rate was higher in the immune clinic (69%) than in the IDU clinics (48% overall, and 27% after excluding female partners who were IDUs) (p<0.01). The rate was also higher among couples in whom the male index case was infected with serotype A (subtype E) compared with serotype B (subtype B) (70% vs 52%, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-4.2). When we excluded couples in whom the female was also an IDU, the difference in concordance rates was even more pronounced (70% vs 26%, OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.7-17.6). Viral factors or subjects' characteristics may have contributed to the concordance rates. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, HIV-1 serotype A (subtype E) of male partners (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.0) and history of IDU in female partners (adjusted OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.4-15.9) remained independently associated with HIV seroconcordance.
This study suggests that HIV-1 subtype E may be associated with higher risk of heterosexual transmission than subtype B. If so, the predominance of subtype E in Thailand may have contributed to the rapid spread of the HIV epidemic.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
CHULALONGKORN HOSP,BANGKOK,THAILAND.
BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,BANGKOK,THAILAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND.
RP KUNANUSONT, C (reprint author), MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,DIV AIDS,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND.
FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00007]
NR 30
TC 161
Z9 164
U1 0
U2 2
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD APR 29
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8957
BP 1078
EP 1083
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QV411
UT WOS:A1995QV41100010
PM 7715340
ER
PT J
AU VUOPIOVARKILA, J
VALTONEN, V
CROOKS, R
STEWART, C
AF VUOPIOVARKILA, J
VALTONEN, V
CROOKS, R
STEWART, C
TI DIPHTHERIA ACQUIRED BY US CITIZENS IN THE RUSSIAN-FEDERATION AND UKRAINE
- 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 237, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID IMMUNITY; TETANUS
C1 HELSINKI UNIV,CENT HOSP,HELSINKI,FINLAND.
PEACE CORP,OFF MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA.
RP VUOPIOVARKILA, J (reprint author), NATL PUBL HLTH INST,MANNERHEIMINTIE 166,HELSINKI,FINLAND.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 26
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 16
BP 1251
EP 1252
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QU571
UT WOS:A1995QU57100007
ER
PT J
AU JEREB, JA
KLEVENS, RM
PRIVETT, TD
SMITH, PJ
CRAWFORD, JT
SHARP, VL
DAVIS, BJ
JARVIS, WR
DOOLEY, SW
AF JEREB, JA
KLEVENS, RM
PRIVETT, TD
SMITH, PJ
CRAWFORD, JT
SHARP, VL
DAVIS, BJ
JARVIS, WR
DOOLEY, SW
TI TUBERCULOSIS IN HEALTH-CARE WORKERS AT A HOSPITAL WITH AN OUTBREAK OF
MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS
SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; TESTING PROGRAM; TRANSMISSION; RISK
AB Objective: Investigate reports of tuberculosis in health care workers employed at a hospital with an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Design: Case series of tuberculosis in health care workers, January 1, 1989, through May 31, 1992. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of M tuberculosis isolates. Longitudinal analysis of cumulative tuberculin skin test surveillance data. Assessment of infection control. The patients consisted of 361 health care workers who had either serial tuberculin skin tests or tuberculosis.
Results: Six health care workers, the largest number linked to one multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak, had disease due to M tuberculosis that matched the outbreak strain from hospitalized patients. The two who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus died, one of tuberculous meningitis and the other of multiple causes including tuberculosis. The estimated risk of a skin test conversion was positively associated with time and increased by a factor of 8.3 (1979 to 1992). In 1999 the annual risk for workers in the lowest exposure occupational group was 2.4%. In comparison, nurses and housekeepers had relative risks of 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 20.3) and 9.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 32.3), respectively. laboratory workers had a relative risk of 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 15.5). Tuberculosis admissions increased, but the hospital had inadequate ventilation to isolate tuberculosis patients effectively. There were lapses in infection control practices.
Conclusions: Health care workers who were exposed during a hospital outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis had occupationally acquired active disease. The human immunodeficiency virus-infected health care workers with tuberculosis had severe disease and died. The risk of skin test conversion increased during the study period, and higher exposure occupations had elevated risk. Effective infection control is essential to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis to health care workers.
C1 NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT MED,VALHALLA,NY 10595.
RP JEREB, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAIL STOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 31
TC 73
Z9 75
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0003-9926
J9 ARCH INTERN MED
JI Arch. Intern Med.
PD APR 24
PY 1995
VL 155
IS 8
BP 854
EP 859
DI 10.1001/archinte.155.8.854
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QU594
UT WOS:A1995QU59400010
PM 7717794
ER
PT J
AU LUO, CC
TIAN, CQ
HU, DJ
KAI, M
DONDERO, TJ
ZHENG, XW
LIU, XL
CHEN, J
LI, DQ
QU, SQ
ZHANG, GY
GEORGE, JR
SCHOCHETMAN, G
KALISH, ML
AF LUO, CC
TIAN, CQ
HU, DJ
KAI, M
DONDERO, TJ
ZHENG, XW
LIU, XL
CHEN, J
LI, DQ
QU, SQ
ZHANG, GY
GEORGE, JR
SCHOCHETMAN, G
KALISH, ML
TI HIV-1 SUBTYPE-C IN CHINA
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.
RP LUO, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 90
Z9 106
U1 1
U2 4
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD APR 22
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8956
BP 1051
EP 1052
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90792-0
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QU573
UT WOS:A1995QU57300047
PM 7723522
ER
PT J
AU MCKENNA, MT
MCCRAY, E
ONORATO, I
AF MCKENNA, MT
MCCRAY, E
ONORATO, I
TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS IN THE
UNITED-STATES, 1986 TO 1993
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID INDOCHINESE REFUGEES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; IMMIGRANTS; CONVERSIONS;
COUNTRIES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; HEALTH
AB Background. One third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in the developed countries immigration is a major force that sustains the incidence of tuberculosis. We studied the effects of immigration on the epidemiology of tuberculosis and its recent resurgence in the United States.
Methods. We analyzed data from the national tuberculosis reporting system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Since 1986 reports of tuberculosis have included the patient's country of origin. Population estimates for foreign-born persons were derived from special samples from the 1980 and 1990 censuses.
Results. The proportion of persons reported to have tuberculosis who were foreign-born increased from 21.6 percent (4925 cases) in 1986 to 29.6 percent (7346 cases) in 1993. For the entire eight-year period, most foreign-born patients with tuberculosis were from Latin America (43.9 percent; 21,115 cases) and Southeast Asia (34.6 percent; 16,643 cases). Among foreign-born persons the incidence rate was almost quadruple the rate for native residents of the United States (30.6 vs. 8.1 per 100,000 person-years), and 55 percent of immigrants with tuberculosis had the condition diagnosed in their first five years in the United States.
Conclusions. Immigration has had an increasingly important effect on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States. It will be difficult to eliminate tuberculosis without better efforts to prevent and control it among immigrants and greater efforts to control it in the countries from which they come.
RP MCKENNA, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 49
TC 309
Z9 313
U1 1
U2 8
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD APR 20
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 16
BP 1071
EP 1076
DI 10.1056/NEJM199504203321606
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT187
UT WOS:A1995QT18700006
PM 7898526
ER
PT J
AU REDD, SC
WHARTON, M
HADLER, SC
ORENSTEIN, WA
AF REDD, SC
WHARTON, M
HADLER, SC
ORENSTEIN, WA
TI THE MEASLES-MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION PROGRAM IN FINLAND
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD APR 20
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 16
BP 1102
EP 1103
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT187
UT WOS:A1995QT18700024
PM 7898540
ER
PT J
AU JENKERSON, SA
BELLER, M
MIDDAUGH, JP
ERDMAN, DD
AF JENKERSON, SA
BELLER, M
MIDDAUGH, JP
ERDMAN, DD
TI FALSE-POSITIVE RUBEOLA IGM TESTS
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP JENKERSON, SA (reprint author), ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA.
NR 3
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD APR 20
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 16
BP 1103
EP 1104
DI 10.1056/NEJM199504203321616
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT187
UT WOS:A1995QT18700027
PM 7898542
ER
PT J
AU MEGGS, WJ
WEISMAN, R
HOFFMAN, RS
SHIH, R
WEIMER, SM
DEANNUNTIS, GJ
GOLDFRANK, LR
HSU, CK
SABO, S
LEO, P
SHASTRY, D
RUBIN, K
CONSTANTINE, I
SOMWARU, S
MUNSHI, A
AF MEGGS, WJ
WEISMAN, R
HOFFMAN, RS
SHIH, R
WEIMER, SM
DEANNUNTIS, GJ
GOLDFRANK, LR
HSU, CK
SABO, S
LEO, P
SHASTRY, D
RUBIN, K
CONSTANTINE, I
SOMWARU, S
MUNSHI, A
TI ANTICHOLINERGIC POISONING ASSOCIATED WITH AN HERBAL TEA - NEW-YORK-CITY,
1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 193-195, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR ENVIRONM INVEST,DIST OFF,NEW YORK,NY.
US FDA,REG LAB,NEW YORK,NY.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP MEGGS, WJ (reprint author), ELMHURST HOSP,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY, USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 19
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 15
BP 1166
EP 1167
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT100
UT WOS:A1995QT10000005
ER
PT J
AU KNUBLEY, W
MCCHESNEY, TC
MALLONEE, J
AF KNUBLEY, W
MCCHESNEY, TC
MALLONEE, J
TI FOODBORNE BOTULISM - OKLAHOMA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG
200-202, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205.
OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73117.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA.
RP KNUBLEY, W (reprint author), COOPER CLIN,FT SMITH,AR, USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 19
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 15
BP 1167
EP 1167
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT100
UT WOS:A1995QT10000006
ER
PT J
AU AZAM, M
AF AZAM, M
TI UPDATE - DRACUNCULIASIS ERADICATION - PAKISTAN, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM
MMWR, VOL 44, PG 117-119, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA.
GLOBAL 2000 INC,CARTER CTR,ATLANTA,GA.
RP AZAM, M (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 19
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 15
BP 1168
EP 1168
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT100
UT WOS:A1995QT10000007
ER
PT J
AU BUGRI, S
ADEYEMI, AA
AF BUGRI, S
ADEYEMI, AA
TI UPDATE - DRACUNCULIASIS ERADICATION - GHANA AND NIGERIA, 1994 (REPRINTED
FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 191, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 GLOBAL 2000 INC,CARTER CTR,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA.
RP BUGRI, S (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,GHANA GUINEA WORM ERADICAT PROGRAM,ACCRA,GHANA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 19
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 15
BP 1168
EP 1169
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT100
UT WOS:A1995QT10000008
ER
PT J
AU BAKER, EL
SATCHER, D
STANGE, PV
AF BAKER, EL
SATCHER, D
STANGE, PV
TI FORGING A COMMUNITY-HEALTH PARTNERSHIP - HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA -
REPLY
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
C1 ASSOC SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 19
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 15
BP 1173
EP 1173
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT100
UT WOS:A1995QT10000013
ER
PT J
AU BERNSTEIN, DI
GLASS, RI
RODGERS, G
DAVIDSON, BL
SACK, DA
AF BERNSTEIN, DI
GLASS, RI
RODGERS, G
DAVIDSON, BL
SACK, DA
TI EVALUATION OF RHESUS ROTAVIRUS MONOVALENT AND TETRAVALENT REASSORTANT
VACCINES IN US CHILDREN
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID VENEZUELAN INFANTS; FIELD TRIAL; DIARRHEA; PROTECTION; SEROTYPE-1;
EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; LIVE; WC3; REACTOGENICITY
AB Objective.-To determine the safety and relative efficacy of two reassortant rhesus rotavirus vaccines over two rotavirus seasons.
Design.-A prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.
Setting.-Twenty-three centers in the United States.
Participants.-A total of 1006 healthy infants between 4 and 26 weeks of age were enrolled, and 898 received three doses of vaccine or placebo.
Main Outcome Measures.-Reactogenicity was determined by comparing the incidence of fever, diarrhea, and/or vomiting for 5 days after each dose of vaccine. Rotavirus IgA and neutralizing antibody to rhesus rotavirus and four rotavirus serotypes were measured in a subset of subjects. Relative efficacy was determined by comparing the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis after three doses of vaccine or placebo over two rotavirus seasons.
Results.-Adverse reactions were mild and limited to a small but significant increase in the incidence of fever after the first dose of tetravalent but not monovalent vaccine. The relative efficacy against rotavirus disease over the 2 years of observation was 40% (98.3% confidence interval, 7% to 62%) for the monovalent and 57% (98.3% confidence interval, 29% to 74%) for the tetravalent vaccine. In post hoc analyses, the relative efficacy against very severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was 73% and 82% for monovalent and tetravalent vaccine recipients, respectively. Also, a 67% and 78% reduction in medical visits for rotavirus gastroenteritis was observed. Both vaccines protected against disease caused by serotype 1 rotavirus, but only the tetravalent vaccine reduced the incidence of disease caused by non-serotype 1 rotavirus infection detected in the second season. It is unclear, however, whether this result represents serotype-specific protection or a difference in the duration of protection.
Conclusions.-Vaccination with both vaccines was safe and significantly reduced the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, but only the tetravalent vaccine provided protection against disease caused by non-serotype 1 rotaviruses during the second year of follow-up.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292.
WYETH AYERST,PHILADELPHIA,PA.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD.
RP BERNSTEIN, DI (reprint author), JAMES N GAMBLE INST MED RES,DIV CLIN VIROL,2141 AUBURN AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45219, USA.
NR 36
TC 203
Z9 207
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 19
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 15
BP 1191
EP 1196
DI 10.1001/jama.273.15.1191
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT100
UT WOS:A1995QT10000027
PM 7707626
ER
PT J
AU GESSNER, BD
MIDDAUGH, JP
AF GESSNER, BD
MIDDAUGH, JP
TI PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING IN ALASKA - A 20-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE
ANALYSIS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ALCOHOL, ETHYL; FOOD POISONING; SAXITOXIN; SHELLFISH
ID SAXITOXIN-BINDING PROTEIN; TETRODOTOXIN; FISH; SAXIPHILIN; BULLFROG;
TOXIN; RAT
AB Outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning have occurred worldwide. The authors reviewed records at the Alaska Division of Public Health to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease. To assess risk factors for illness, the authors conducted a case-control study. A case was defined as illness compatible with paralytic shellfish poisoning within 12 hours of the consumption of shellfish, and a control was defined as a non-ill participant at a meal in which at least one case occurred. The authors documented 54 outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning involving 117 ill persons from 1973 to 1992. One person died, four (3%) required intubation, and 29 (25%) required an emergency flight to a hospital. Outbreaks occurred with multiple shellfish species, during all four seasons, and at many locations. During the case-control study, illness was not associated with the shellfish toxin level, method of preparation, dose, race, sex, or age; alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of illness (odds ratio = 0.05; p = 0.03). Although paralytic shellfish poisoning causes significant illness, the authors could not identify risk factors with clear implications for prevention strategies. This suggests that shellfish from uncertified beaches should not be eaten. Alcohol may protect against the adverse effects of paralytic shellfish poison.
C1 US CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA.
RP GESSNER, BD (reprint author), ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 240249,ANCHORAGE,AK, USA.
NR 32
TC 42
Z9 47
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD APR 15
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 8
BP 766
EP 770
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR995
UT WOS:A1995QR99500010
PM 7709919
ER
PT J
AU EWERT, DP
LIEB, L
HAYES, PS
REEVES, MW
MASCOLA, L
AF EWERT, DP
LIEB, L
HAYES, PS
REEVES, MW
MASCOLA, L
TI LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION AND SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AMONG
HIV-INFECTED PERSONS IN LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY, 1985-1992
SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; INCIDENCE; SEROTYPES; HIV
ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS;
UNITED-STATES; BACTEREMIA; MENINGITIS; VIRUS; FOODS; RISK
AB Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at greater risk of infection with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) than the general population, We quantify the risk of listeriosis in persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection in Los Angeles County (LAG) and report the LM serotype distribution among HIV-infected patients with listeriosis. Active surveillance for listeriosis was performed in LAC during most of the period from 1985 through 1992. Thirty-four (10%) of 351 nonperinatal cases of listeriosis reported in LAC from 1985 through 1992 were in HIV-infected persons, 25 of whom met the 1987 AIDS case definition. The incidence of listeriosis was 95.8 and 8.8 cases per 100,000 person-years among persons with AIDS and all HIV-infected persons, respectively, but only 1.0 case per 100,000 person-years in the total population, Excluding cases from a 1985 listeriosis epidemic associated with consumption of contaminated Mexican-style cheese, 11 (65%) of 17 HIV-infected persons with available isolates were infected with LM serotype 1/2b, whereas only 64 (31%) of 208 other persons with listeriosis and available isolates were infected with LM serotype 1/2b (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-14.1). LM serogroup 1/2b may have been more common among HIV-infected persons in LAC than among other persons with listeriosis because of differences in diet or sexual practices, or to chance alone. Persons with HIV-infection, especially those with AIDS, should be educated in avoiding foods at high risk of listerial contamination, such as soft cheeses, food sold from delicatessen counters, and undercooked chicken.
C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL UNIT,LOS ANGELES,CA.
LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 21
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 1077-9450
J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND
JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol.
PD APR 15
PY 1995
VL 8
IS 5
BP 461
EP 465
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QR080
UT WOS:A1995QR08000005
PM 7697442
ER
PT J
AU DELAPORTE, E
BUVE, A
NZILA, N
GOEMAN, J
DAZZA, MC
HENZEL, D
HEYWARD, W
STLOUIS, M
PIOT, P
LAGA, M
AF DELAPORTE, E
BUVE, A
NZILA, N
GOEMAN, J
DAZZA, MC
HENZEL, D
HEYWARD, W
STLOUIS, M
PIOT, P
LAGA, M
TI HTLV-I INFECTION AMONG PROSTITUTES AND PREGNANT-WOMEN IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE
- HOW IMPORTANT IS HIGH-RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR
SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HTLV-I INFECTION; ZAIRE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PROSTITUTES; PREGNANT
WOMEN
ID VIRUS TYPE-I; CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; FEMALE
PROSTITUTES; TRANSMISSION; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE;
AFRICA
AB High-risk sexual behavior as risk factor for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection was assessed in cross-sectional studies with 1,183 prostitutes and 1,166 pregnant women in Kinshasa, Zaire. Eighty six (7.3%) prostitutes were positive for HTLV-I. The seroprevalence among prostitutes from the regions along the equator was 12.7%, whereas among prostitutes from the other regions it ranged between 0 and 4.3%. In the prostitutes from the high-prevalence regions, but not in the prostitutes from the low-prevalence regions, HTLV-I infection was associated with increasing age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.1 per year increment], active syphilis (OR = 2.3), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (OR = 2.0). Forty three (3.7%) pregnant women were HTLV-I seropositive. Among the women from low-prevalence regions, there was no significant difference in HTLV-I seroprevalence between prostitutes (4.3%) and pregnant women (3.5%). In a group of 409 prostitutes who were observed for a mean duration of 23 months, the incidence of HTLV-I infection was 0.7 per 100 women-years, whereas the incidence of HIV infection was 9.8 per 100 women-years. We conclude that in Kinshasa prostitution per se was not associated with an increased risk of HTLV-I infection.
C1 INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM.
PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE.
CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP DELAPORTE, E (reprint author), IMEA,INSERM,U13,190 BD MAC DONALD,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE.
NR 18
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 1077-9450
J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND
JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol.
PD APR 15
PY 1995
VL 8
IS 5
BP 511
EP 515
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QR080
UT WOS:A1995QR08000012
PM 7697449
ER
PT J
AU WHITAKER, JS
DOLE, RM
AF WHITAKER, JS
DOLE, RM
TI ORGANIZATION OF STORM TRACKS IN ZONALLY VARYING FLOWS
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; BAROCLINIC WAVE ACTIVITY; BAROTROPIC
INSTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; EL-NINO; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCES;
ATMOSPHERE; ANOMALIES; CYCLOGENESIS
AB A simple two-layer quasigeostrophic model is employed to investigate the sensitivity of storm tracks to changes in an externally imposed, zonally varying large-scale flow. Zonally asymmetric temperature and horizontal deformation fields are varied systematically in order to compare the effects of baroclinicity and horizontal deformation on storm track dynamics. The sensitivity of the storm tracks to uniform barotropic zonal flows is also examined.
The results show two competing processes for storm track organization, one associated with a local maximum in baroclinicity and the other with a local minimum in horizontal deformation. When the equilibrium state consists of a zonally symmetric temperature field and a barotropic stationary wave, the maximum in synoptic-scale transient eddy energy (storm track) is located in the entrance region of the upper jet just downstream of the point of minimum horizontal deformation. As zonal variations in baroclinicity become large (keeping the upper-layer horizontal deformation constant), the storm track shifts to the jet exit region just downstream of the point of maximum baroclinicity. For flows intermediate between the above cases, that is, having weaker zonal variations in baroclinicity and the same upper-layer deformation, two storm track maxima appear, one located in the jet entrance and the other in the jet exit region.
The results also indicate that the storm tracks are sensitive to changes in a uniform barotropic zonal Bow. The presence of a uniform westerly flow extends the storm track and strengthens eddy activity, while the addition of a uniform easterly flow shortens the storm track and dramatically weakens eddy activity. The changes in the magnitudes of eddy activity appear related to differences in the efficiency of nonlinear barotropic decay processes in weakening the eddies in the jet exit region.
Sensitivities of the location of the storm tracks to changes in large-scale flow parameters are well captured by linear calculations, although sensitivities of the strength of the storm tracks are not. For sufficiently strong zonal variations in baroclinicity, two coherent modes of low-frequency variability develop. They are characterized synoptically by 1) a meridional shift, and 2) an extension/contraction as well as a modulation in the strength of the upper-layer jet and storm track.
C1 NOAA,ERL,CDC,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP WHITAKER, JS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 37
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD APR 15
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 8
BP 1178
EP 1191
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1178:OOSTIZ>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QV955
UT WOS:A1995QV95500013
ER
PT J
AU SALEM, N
JACKSON, S
OWEN, P
BENDER, B
SENNER, J
DAVIS, B
LEFF, M
ADAMS, M
BREUKELMAN, F
MITCHELL, C
MCTAGUE, D
PLEDGER, E
NEWFIELD, F
JOHNSON, C
STEINER, B
GUEST, R
BUSICK, P
PERRY, M
BRAMBLETT, K
HARGROVEROBERSON, D
MAINES, D
WEINSTEIN, A
LEDERMAN, R
MCGEE, H
JONES, E
JACKSONTHOMPSON, J
SMITH, P
HUFFMAN, S
DEJAN, E
ZASO, K
BOESELAGER, G
JARAMILLO, P
MAYLAHN, C
LINGERICH, G
YOUNG, D
CAPWELL, E
HANN, N
GRANTWORLEY, J
ROMANO, J
HESSER, J
LANE, M
MILLER, B
RIDINGS, D
DIAMOND, R
GILES, R
MCINTYRE, R
CARSWELL, S
HOLM, K
KING, F
CAUTLEY, E
AF SALEM, N
JACKSON, S
OWEN, P
BENDER, B
SENNER, J
DAVIS, B
LEFF, M
ADAMS, M
BREUKELMAN, F
MITCHELL, C
MCTAGUE, D
PLEDGER, E
NEWFIELD, F
JOHNSON, C
STEINER, B
GUEST, R
BUSICK, P
PERRY, M
BRAMBLETT, K
HARGROVEROBERSON, D
MAINES, D
WEINSTEIN, A
LEDERMAN, R
MCGEE, H
JONES, E
JACKSONTHOMPSON, J
SMITH, P
HUFFMAN, S
DEJAN, E
ZASO, K
BOESELAGER, G
JARAMILLO, P
MAYLAHN, C
LINGERICH, G
YOUNG, D
CAPWELL, E
HANN, N
GRANTWORLEY, J
ROMANO, J
HESSER, J
LANE, M
MILLER, B
RIDINGS, D
DIAMOND, R
GILES, R
MCINTYRE, R
CARSWELL, S
HOLM, K
KING, F
CAUTLEY, E
TI HEALTH-INSURANCE COVERAGE AND RECEIPT OF PREVENTIVE HEALTH-SERVICES -
UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 219-225, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID CARE
C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP SALEM, N (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 12
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 14
BP 1083
EP 1084
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QR059
UT WOS:A1995QR05900007
ER
PT J
AU JACKSON, S
OWEN, P
BENDER, B
SENNER, J
DAVIS, B
LEFF, M
ADAMS, M
BREUKELMAN, F
MITCHELL, C
MCTAGUE, D
PLEDGER, E
NEWFIELD, F
JOHNSON, C
STEINER, B
GUEST, R
BUSICK, P
PERRY, M
BRAMBLETT, K
HARGROVEROBERSON, D
MAINES, D
WEINSTEIN, A
LEDERMAN, R
MCGEE, H
SALEM, N
JONES, E
JACKSONTHOMPSON, J
SMITH, P
HUFFMAN, S
DEJAN, E
ZASO, K
BOESELAGER, G
JARAMILLO, P
MAYLAHN, C
LENGERICH, G
YOUNG, D
CAPWELL, E
HANN, N
GRANTWORLEY, J
ROMANO, J
HESSER, J
LANE, M
MILLER, B
RIDINGS, D
DIAMOND, R
GILES, R
MCINTYRE, R
CARSWELL, S
HOLM, K
KING, F
CAUTLEY, E
AF JACKSON, S
OWEN, P
BENDER, B
SENNER, J
DAVIS, B
LEFF, M
ADAMS, M
BREUKELMAN, F
MITCHELL, C
MCTAGUE, D
PLEDGER, E
NEWFIELD, F
JOHNSON, C
STEINER, B
GUEST, R
BUSICK, P
PERRY, M
BRAMBLETT, K
HARGROVEROBERSON, D
MAINES, D
WEINSTEIN, A
LEDERMAN, R
MCGEE, H
SALEM, N
JONES, E
JACKSONTHOMPSON, J
SMITH, P
HUFFMAN, S
DEJAN, E
ZASO, K
BOESELAGER, G
JARAMILLO, P
MAYLAHN, C
LENGERICH, G
YOUNG, D
CAPWELL, E
HANN, N
GRANTWORLEY, J
ROMANO, J
HESSER, J
LANE, M
MILLER, B
RIDINGS, D
DIAMOND, R
GILES, R
MCINTYRE, R
CARSWELL, S
HOLM, K
KING, F
CAUTLEY, E
TI HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY-OF-LIFE MEASURES - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED
FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 195-200, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP JACKSON, S (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 12
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 14
BP 1084
EP 1085
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QR059
UT WOS:A1995QR05900008
ER
PT J
AU TAPPERO, JW
SCHUCHAT, A
DEAVER, KA
MASCOLA, L
WENGER, JD
AF TAPPERO, JW
SCHUCHAT, A
DEAVER, KA
MASCOLA, L
WENGER, JD
TI REDUCTION IN THE INCIDENCE OF HUMAN LISTERIOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES -
EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION EFFORTS
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; FOODS; MONOCYTOGENES;
ASSOCIATION
AB Background.-Food-borne transmission is now recognized as a major cause of human listeriosis.
Objective.-To assess the impact of prevention efforts, listeriosis rates before interventions were initiated in 1989 were compared with more recent rates (1990 through 1993).
Design.-From 1989 through 1993, multistate, laboratory-based active surveillance was conducted to identify all cases in which Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cultures or ordinarily sterile sites in an aggregate population of more than 19 million.
Setting.-All laboratories serving acute care hospitals in up to nine surveillance areas in the United States.
Interventions.-In 1989, a well-publicized case report of listeriosis linked to processed poultry led US regulatory agencies to enforce aggressive food monitoring policies and prompted industry to invest in cleanup efforts. In May 1992, consumer guidelines for listeriosis prevention were disseminated.
Outcome Measures.-Cases of perinatal and nonperinatal listeriosis.
Results.-The rate of listeriosis decreased in all surveillance areas. Projection of these rates to the US population suggests an estimated 1965 cases and 481 deaths occurred in 1989 compared with an estimated 1092 cases and 248 deaths in 1993, a 44% and 48% reduction in illness and death, respectively. Among adults 50 years of age and older, rates declined from 16.2 per 1 million in 1989 to 10.2 per 1 million in 1993 (P=.02). Perinatal disease decreased from 17.4 cases per 100 000 births in 1989 to 8.6 cases per 100 000 births in 1993 (P=.003). Three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) of L monocytogenes accounted for more than 96% of cases during each year of the study (1989 through 1993).
Conclusions. The incidence of listeriosis in study areas was substantially lower in 1993 than in 1989. The temporal association of this reduction with industry, regulatory, and educational efforts suggests these measures were effective.
C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PUBL HLTH PROGRAMS & SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA.
RP TAPPERO, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-88-2456]
NR 48
TC 161
Z9 168
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 12
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 14
BP 1118
EP 1122
DI 10.1001/jama.273.14.1118
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QR059
UT WOS:A1995QR05900031
PM 7707600
ER
PT J
AU SATCHER, D
HULL, FL
AF SATCHER, D
HULL, FL
TI THE WEIGHT OF AN OUNCE
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF PUBL HLTH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP D-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 14
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 12
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 14
BP 1149
EP 1150
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QR059
UT WOS:A1995QR05900036
PM 7707605
ER
PT J
AU MCANULTY, JM
FLEMING, DW
HAWLEY, MA
BARON, RC
AF MCANULTY, JM
FLEMING, DW
HAWLEY, MA
BARON, RC
TI MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION
SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RESISTANT
AB Background: With the recent resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States, it is unclear whether existing prevention strategies can successfully control and eliminate the disease. We determined the extent to which opportunities for prevention were missed among patients with tuberculosis.
Methods: For all patients with active tuberculosis reported to the Oregon Health Division, Portland, from July 1991 through June 1992, we determined previous history of tuberculosis therapy, previous tuberculin skin test status, the presence of medical conditions for which skin testing is recommended, and previous health care. We then determined whether they had undergone preventive procedures in accordance with current recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis.
Results: Of 153 patients with active tuberculosis, 90 (59%) had indications for-but had not previously undergone-recommended procedures. Ten patients (7%) did not complete therapy for previous disease; two (1%) did not complete preventive therapy; 12 (8%) with known previous positive tuberculin skin tests and an indication for preventive therapy never received it; and 66 (43%) with known indications for screening never received a skin test. Indications for skin testing included exposure to active tuberculosis (44%), predisposing medical conditions (83%), previous residence in an institution (24%), and birth in a country with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (29%).
Conclusions: Based on their known effectiveness, a major reduction in tuberculosis morbidity could occur if preventive measures were fully implemented. Appropriate skin testing is a prevention strategy of major importance. Priorities should include working to change provider practice to better ensure that persons with indications routinely receive tuberculin skin tests.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
OREGON HLTH DIV,CTR DIS PREVENT & EPIDEMIOL,PORTLAND,OR.
NR 15
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0003-9926
J9 ARCH INTERN MED
JI Arch. Intern Med.
PD APR 10
PY 1995
VL 155
IS 7
BP 713
EP 716
DI 10.1001/archinte.155.7.713
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QQ380
UT WOS:A1995QQ38000008
PM 7695459
ER
PT J
AU MOUNT, DL
TODD, GD
NAVARATNAM, V
AF MOUNT, DL
TODD, GD
NAVARATNAM, V
TI PACKED-COLUMN SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ARTEMISININ
(QINGHAOSU) WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Note
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REDUCTIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION;
ANTIMALARIAL ARTEETHER; ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION; PLASMA; BLOOD;
DIHYDROARTEMISININ; DIHYDROQINGHAOSU; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIZATION
AB In this preliminary report, a supercritical fluid chromatographic method is described for the determination of artemisinin in whole blood. The chromatography is carried out on a 20 cm x 1 mm I.D. Deltabond cyano supercritical fluid chromatographic column with detection of the artemisinin via an electron-capture detector. The sample work-up uses a liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, giving a recovery of 82%. The current limit of detection using 1 mi of blood is 20 ng/ml. We speculate that the endoperoxide moiety accounts for the response to the electron-capture detector and thus provides a new approach by which this class of compounds may be analyzed.
C1 UNIV SAINS MALAYSIA,CTR DRUG RES,GEORGE TOWN,MALAYSIA.
RP MOUNT, DL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 30
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4347
J9 J CHROMATOGR B
JI J. Chromatogr. B-Biomed. Appl.
PD APR 7
PY 1995
VL 666
IS 1
BP 183
EP 187
DI 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00560-R
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA QU357
UT WOS:A1995QU35700020
PM 7655617
ER
PT J
AU JACKSON, S
OWEN, P
BENDER, B
SENNER, J
DAVIS, B
LEFF, M
ADAMS, M
BREUKELMAN, F
MITCHELL, C
MCTAGUE, D
PLEDGER, E
NEWFIELD, F
JOHNSON, C
STEINER, B
GUEST, R
BUSICK, P
PERRY, M
BRAMBLETT, K
HARGROVEROBERSON, D
MAINES, D
WEINSTEIN, A
LEDERMAN, R
MCGEE, H
SALEM, N
JONES, E
JACKSONTHOMPSON, J
SMITH, P
HUFFMAN, S
DEJAN, E
ZASO, K
BOESELAGER, G
JARAMILLO, P
MAYLAHN, C
LENGERICH, G
YOUNG, D
CAPWELL, E
HANN, N
GRANTWORLEY, J
ROMANO, J
HESSER, J
LANE, M
MILLER, B
RIDINGS, D
DIAMOND, R
GILES, R
MCINTYRE, R
CARSWELL, S
HOLM, K
KING, F
CAUTLEY, E
AF JACKSON, S
OWEN, P
BENDER, B
SENNER, J
DAVIS, B
LEFF, M
ADAMS, M
BREUKELMAN, F
MITCHELL, C
MCTAGUE, D
PLEDGER, E
NEWFIELD, F
JOHNSON, C
STEINER, B
GUEST, R
BUSICK, P
PERRY, M
BRAMBLETT, K
HARGROVEROBERSON, D
MAINES, D
WEINSTEIN, A
LEDERMAN, R
MCGEE, H
SALEM, N
JONES, E
JACKSONTHOMPSON, J
SMITH, P
HUFFMAN, S
DEJAN, E
ZASO, K
BOESELAGER, G
JARAMILLO, P
MAYLAHN, C
LENGERICH, G
YOUNG, D
CAPWELL, E
HANN, N
GRANTWORLEY, J
ROMANO, J
HESSER, J
LANE, M
MILLER, B
RIDINGS, D
DIAMOND, R
GILES, R
MCINTYRE, R
CARSWELL, S
HOLM, K
KING, F
CAUTLEY, E
TI HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR,
VOL 44, PG 169-174, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP JACKSON, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,BEHAV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 5
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 13
BP 984
EP 985
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QP890
UT WOS:A1995QP89000010
ER
PT J
AU ALEXANDER, ER
BOASE, J
DAVIS, M
KIRCHNER, L
OSAKI, C
TANINO, T
SAMADPOUR, M
TARR, P
GOLDOFT, M
LANKFORD, S
KOBYASHI, J
STEHRGREEN, P
BRADLEY, P
HINTON, B
TIGHE, P
PEARSON, B
FLORES, GR
ABBOTT, S
BRYANT, R
WERNER, SB
VUGIA, DJ
AF ALEXANDER, ER
BOASE, J
DAVIS, M
KIRCHNER, L
OSAKI, C
TANINO, T
SAMADPOUR, M
TARR, P
GOLDOFT, M
LANKFORD, S
KOBYASHI, J
STEHRGREEN, P
BRADLEY, P
HINTON, B
TIGHE, P
PEARSON, B
FLORES, GR
ABBOTT, S
BRYANT, R
WERNER, SB
VUGIA, DJ
TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157/H7 OUTBREAK LINKED TO COMMERCIALLY DISTRIBUTED
DRY-CURED SALAMI - WASHINGTON AND CALIFORNIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR,
VOL 44, PG 157-160, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; O157-H7; EPIDEMIOLOGY
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98105.
WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA.
SACRAMENTO CTY HLTH DEPT,SACRAMENTO,CA.
SONOMA CTY HLTH DEPT,SANTA ROSA,CA.
USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP ALEXANDER, ER (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA, USA.
NR 11
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 5
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 13
BP 985
EP 986
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QP890
UT WOS:A1995QP89000011
ER
PT J
AU HATHEWAY, CL
FERREIRA, JL
AF HATHEWAY, CL
FERREIRA, JL
TI DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM NEUROTOXINS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
US FDA,ATLANTA,GA 30309.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
VL 209
BP 11
EP AGFD
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA QP232
UT WOS:A1995QP23200011
ER
PT J
AU HARRISON, RO
CARLSON, RE
SHIRKHAN, H
TURNER, WE
AF HARRISON, RO
CARLSON, RE
SHIRKHAN, H
TURNER, WE
TI RAPID DIOXIN SCREENING OF MILK AND WATER BY ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 IMMUNOSYSTEMS INC,MILLIPORE CORP,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074.
ECOCHEM RES INC,CHASKA,MN 55318.
CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
VL 209
BP 78
EP BTEC
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA QP233
UT WOS:A1995QP23301957
ER
PT J
AU HILL, RH
HEAD, SI
BAKER, SE
NEEDHAM, LL
AF HILL, RH
HEAD, SI
BAKER, SE
NEEDHAM, LL
TI URINARY PESTICIDE-RESIDUES AMONG 1,000 ADULTS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
VL 209
BP 93
EP AGRO
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA QP232
UT WOS:A1995QP23200243
ER
PT J
AU OSHIMA, K
EVANSSTRICKFADEN, T
HIGHSMITH, A
GOTLINSKY, B
ADES, E
AF OSHIMA, K
EVANSSTRICKFADEN, T
HIGHSMITH, A
GOTLINSKY, B
ADES, E
TI VIRAL PARTICLE CONCENTRATION BY LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HOLLOW-FIBER
ULTRAFILTERS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
PALL CORP,PORT WASHINGTON,NY 11050.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
VL 209
BP 148
EP BIOT
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA QP232
UT WOS:A1995QP23200598
ER
PT J
AU KALISH, ML
LUO, CC
BALDWIN, A
SCHOCHETMAN, G
MASTRO, TD
WASI, C
YOUNG, N
VANICHSENI, S
RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H
VONBRIESEN, H
MULLINS, JI
DELWART, E
HERRING, B
ESPARZA, J
HEYWARD, WL
OSMANOV, S
AF KALISH, ML
LUO, CC
BALDWIN, A
SCHOCHETMAN, G
MASTRO, TD
WASI, C
YOUNG, N
VANICHSENI, S
RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H
VONBRIESEN, H
MULLINS, JI
DELWART, E
HERRING, B
ESPARZA, J
HEYWARD, WL
OSMANOV, S
TI EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES AND DISTRIBUTION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES FROM INJECTING
DRUG-USERS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305.
SIRIRAJ HOSP,BANGKOK 7,THAILAND.
BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,BANGKOK,THAILAND.
HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND.
GEORG SPEYER HAUS,CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY.
WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND.
RI Herring, Belinda/M-7252-2015
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
SU 21B
BP 237
EP 237
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA QT865
UT WOS:A1995QT86500813
ER
PT J
AU MORSE, SA
AF MORSE, SA
TI NEW DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO GENITAL ULCER DISEASES
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
SU 21B
BP 252
EP 252
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA QT865
UT WOS:A1995QT86500861
ER
PT J
AU RADOLF, D
ROBINSON, E
BOURELL, K
LI, MY
AKINS, DR
POPOVA, TG
PORCELLA, SF
JONES, JD
COX, DL
NORGARD, MV
AF RADOLF, D
ROBINSON, E
BOURELL, K
LI, MY
AKINS, DR
POPOVA, TG
PORCELLA, SF
JONES, JD
COX, DL
NORGARD, MV
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM OUTER MEMBRANES AND RARE
OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED SCH,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DALLAS,TX 75235.
UNIV TEXAS,SW MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD APR 2
PY 1995
SU 21B
BP 252
EP 252
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA QT865
UT WOS:A1995QT86500863
ER
PT J
AU REHM, J
SEMPOS, CT
AF REHM, J
SEMPOS, CT
TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY
SO ADDICTION
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DRINKING HABITS; RISK
AB Based on a large US representative cohort with detailed baseline interview and examination data, the relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality is examined over a period of 15 years follow-up. Results show a significant linear relationship for females and males under 60 years of age at baseline, and a non-significant U-shape for the older ones. Both results remain stable for different kinds of adjustment including adjustment for nutritional variables and smoking. Excluding people with heart disease history at baseline leads to an even more pronounced linear relationship for both males and females under 60 years of age. Furthermore, it is shown that the curvilinear relationship for men found in previous research is partly due to the age groups examined.
C1 SWISS INST PREVENT ALCOHOL & DRUG PROBLEMS,LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD.
RI Rem, Jurgen/H-1309-2011
NR 37
TC 90
Z9 91
U1 1
U2 4
PU CARFAX PUBL CO
PI ABINGDON
PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXON, ENGLAND OX14 3UE
SN 0965-2140
J9 ADDICTION
JI Addiction
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 90
IS 4
BP 471
EP 480
DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02177.x
PG 10
WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry
SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry
GA QT439
UT WOS:A1995QT43900002
PM 7773106
ER
PT J
AU REHM, J
SEMPOS, CT
AF REHM, J
SEMPOS, CT
TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND MORTALITY - QUESTIONS ABOUT CAUSALITY,
CONFOUNDING AND METHODOLOGY
SO ADDICTION
LA English
DT Note
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD.
RP REHM, J (reprint author), ADDICT RES FDN,DEPT SOCIAL EVALUAT & RES,33 RUSSELL ST,TORONTO,ON M5S 2S1,CANADA.
RI Rem, Jurgen/H-1309-2011
NR 20
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU CARFAX PUBL CO
PI ABINGDON
PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXON, ENGLAND OX14 3UE
SN 0965-2140
J9 ADDICTION
JI Addiction
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 90
IS 4
BP 493
EP 498
DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02184.x
PG 6
WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry
SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry
GA QT439
UT WOS:A1995QT43900009
ER
PT J
AU NIEBURG, P
HU, DJ
MOSES, S
NAGELKERKE, N
AF NIEBURG, P
HU, DJ
MOSES, S
NAGELKERKE, N
TI CONTRIBUTION OF BREAST-FEEDING TO THE REPORTED VARIATION IN RATES OF
MOTHER-TO-CHILD HIV TRANSMISSION
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Letter
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1
C1 UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,NAIROBI,KENYA.
UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,NAIROBI,KENYA.
UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA.
RP NIEBURG, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP 396
EP 397
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA QP022
UT WOS:A1995QP02200013
PM 7794546
ER
PT J
AU LERCHE, NW
HENEINE, W
KAPLAN, JE
SPIRA, T
YEE, JL
KHABBAZ, RF
AF LERCHE, NW
HENEINE, W
KAPLAN, JE
SPIRA, T
YEE, JL
KHABBAZ, RF
TI AN EXPANDED SEARCH FOR HUMAN INFECTION WITH SIMIAN TYPE-D RETROVIRUS
SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
LA English
DT Note
ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; RHESUS-MONKEY; BLOOD-DONORS; ANTIBODIES; AIDS;
PRIMATE; PATIENT; VIRUS; SERA
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP LERCHE, NW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,VIROL & IMMUNOL UNIT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA.
FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 0889-2229
J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV
JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 4
BP 527
EP 529
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA QX912
UT WOS:A1995QX91200012
PM 7632467
ER
PT J
AU STRIKAS, RA
AF STRIKAS, RA
TI ADULT IMMUNIZATION - GUIDES FOR THE 90S
SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP STRIKAS, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ADULT VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS
PI KANSAS CITY
PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797
SN 0002-838X
J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN
JI Am. Fam. Physician
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 51
IS 5
BP 1050
EP &
PG 0
WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QR560
UT WOS:A1995QR56000001
PM 7709880
ER
PT J
AU FREEDMAN, DS
WILLIAMSON, DF
GUNTER, EW
BYERS, T
AF FREEDMAN, DS
WILLIAMSON, DF
GUNTER, EW
BYERS, T
TI RELATION OF SERUM URIC-ACID TO MORTALITY AND ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE -
THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE COHORT STUDIES; CORONARY DISEASE; URIC ACID
ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; RISK FACTOR; POPULATION;
HYPERURICEMIA; RESISTANCE; PROGRAM; GLUCOSE; PLASMA; WOMEN
AB Although hyperuricemia is frequently found among persons with ischemic heart disease, its importance as a risk factor remains uncertain. The authors examined this relation among 5,421 persons in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study; baseline data were collected in 1971-1975 and follow-up was through 1987. No associations were seen among men, but, among women, the serum uric acid level was predictive of mortality from all causes and from ischemic heart disease. These associations persisted even after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up and were independent of use of antihypertensive agents and diuretics, diastolic blood pressure, overweight, and other characteristics. A dose-response relation was evident for mortality from ischemic heart disease: each 1-mg/dl change in uric acid (about two thirds of the standard deviation) among women increased the rate by 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.3-1.7). Furthermore, as compared with women who had a uric acid level <4 mg/dl, those with a level greater than or equal to 7 mg/dl had a 4.8-fold (95% confidence interval 1.9-12) higher rate of ischemic heart disease mortality. In contrast, the uric acid level showed a weaker relation with disease incidence among women, with a rate ratio of 1.14 for each 1-mg/dl change. Although the biologic mechanism is unclear, further investigation into the possible role of uric acid in the development of ischemic heart disease is needed.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K026,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 38
TC 302
Z9 351
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD APR 1
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 7
BP 637
EP 644
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QP479
UT WOS:A1995QP47900004
PM 7702038
ER
PT J
AU KHOURY, MJ
WAGENER, DK
AF KHOURY, MJ
WAGENER, DK
TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF GENETICS TO IMPROVE THE
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF DISEASE RISK-FACTORS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEART-DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL; CANCER
AB The prevention of common diseases relies on identifying risk factors and implementing intervention in high-risk groups. Nevertheless, most known risk factors have low positive predictive value (PPV) and low population-attributable fraction (PAF) for diseases (e.g., cholesterol and coronary heart disease). With advancing genetic technology, it will be possible to refine the risk-factor approach to target intervention to individuals with risk factors who also carry disease-susceptibility allele(s). We provide an epidemiological approach to assess the impact of genetic testing on the PPV and PAF associated with risk factors. Under plausible models of interaction between a risk factor and a genotype, we derive values of PPV and PAF associated with the joint effects of a risk factor and a genotype. The use of genetic testing can markedly increase the PPV of a risk factor. PPV increases with increasing genotype-risk factor interaction and increasing marginal relative risk associated with the factor, but it is inversely proportional to the prevalences of the genotype and the factor. For example, for a disease with lifetime risk of 1%, if all the risk-factor effect is confined to individuals with a susceptible genotype, a risk factor with 10% prevalence and disease relative risk of 2 in the population will have a disease PPV of 1.8%, but it will have a PPV of 91.8% among persons with a genotype of 1% prevalence. On the other hand, genetic testing and restriction of preventive measures to those susceptible may decrease the PAF of the risk factor, especially at low prevalences of the risk factor and genotype. With advances in the Human Genome Project, medicine and public health should consider the feasibility of this approach as a new paradigm for disease prevention.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782.
RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 31
TC 62
Z9 87
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 4
BP 835
EP 844
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA QP663
UT WOS:A1995QP66300004
PM 7717394
ER
PT J
AU TANAKA, S
WILD, DK
SELIGMAN, PJ
HALPERIN, WE
BEHRENS, VJ
PUTZANDERSON, V
AF TANAKA, S
WILD, DK
SELIGMAN, PJ
HALPERIN, WE
BEHRENS, VJ
PUTZANDERSON, V
TI PREVALENCE AND WORK-RELATEDNESS OF SELF-REPORTED CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME
AMONG UNITED-STATES WORKERS - ANALYSIS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH
SUPPLEMENT DATA OF 1988 NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; ERGONOMICS;
REPETITIVE MANUAL WORK
ID CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; GROCERY
CHECKERS; WORKPLACE; SYMPTOMS; NECK
AB To estimate the prevalence and work-relatedness of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among U.S. workers, data from the Occupational Health Supplement of 1988 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. Among 127 million ''recent workers'' who worked during the 12 months prior to the survey, 1.47% (95% CI: 1.30; 1.65), or 1.87 million self-reported CTS, and 0.53% (95% CI: 0.42; 0.65), or 675,000, stated that their prolonged hand discomfort was called CTS by a medical person. Occupations with the highest prevalence of self-reported CTS were mail service, health care, construction, and assembly and fabrication. Industries with the highest prevalence were food products, repair services, transportation, and construction. The risk factor most strongly associated with medically called CTS was exposure to repetitive bending/twisting of the hands/wrists at work (OR = 5.2), followed by race (OR = 4.2; whites higher than nonwhites), gender (OR = 2.2; females higher than males), use of vibrating hand tools (OR = 1.8), and age (OR = 1.03; risk increasing per year). This result is consistent with previous reports in that repeated bending/twisting of the hands and wrists during manual work is etiologically related to occupational carpal tunnel syndrome. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
RP TANAKA, S (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,MAIL STOP R-21,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 52
TC 106
Z9 109
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 4
BP 451
EP 470
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270402
PG 20
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QQ138
UT WOS:A1995QQ13800001
PM 7793419
ER
PT J
AU BOAL, WL
FRIEDLAND, J
SCHULTE, PA
AF BOAL, WL
FRIEDLAND, J
SCHULTE, PA
TI WORKERS RESPONSE TO RISK NOTIFICATION
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE WORKER NOTIFICATION; RISK COMMUNICATION; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; DISEASE
PREVENTION
ID BLADDER-CANCER; READABILITY FORMULAS; HEALTH-REGISTRY; EXPOSED WORKERS;
COHORT; COMPREHENSION; SMOKING
AB Since 1988, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has notified workers who were subjects in occupational epidemiology studies of the study findings (''worker notification''). This paper describes seven notifications and the worker's reactions to them. The chemicals of interest in the studies were: carbon monoxide, o-toluidine, bis-chloromethyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyls, cadmium, acid mist, and dioxin. Materials describing the study results were sent to 15,958 subjects who were notified of their increased risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease, bladder cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, kidney dysfunction, laryngeal cancer, all cancers combined, or soft tissue sarcoma. Workers provided feedback via telephone calls, and for three notifications, by postcards containing workers' comments and ratings of the notification materials. The percentage of telephone calls received from notified workers ranged from 0.3% to 3.8%, and the percentage returning postcards ranged from 8.8% to 17.6%. The two largest categories of callers were those with questions about their disease risk (30%) or who reported on their health status (25%). Most of the comments on postcards (26%) were complimentary or expressed appreciation for receiving the letters; reports of ill health were second (20%). A majority (66%) rated the notification materials well done. Few of the callers (5%) requested information on legal issues. Most (85%) did not find the materials, which ranged in reading level from sixth to ninth grade, too hard to read, although 15% reported difficulty reading them. Although this response system was effective in producing some input from workers, its limitation is that respondents may not be representative of all notified workers. However, such information is useful because they are few data on the effects of notifications on workers. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
RP BOAL, WL (reprint author), NIOSH,R42,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 41
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 4
BP 471
EP 483
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270403
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QQ138
UT WOS:A1995QQ13800002
PM 7793420
ER
PT J
AU STERN, F
SCHULTE, P
SWEENEY, MH
FINGERHUT, M
VOSSENAS, P
BURKHARDT, G
KORNAK, MF
AF STERN, F
SCHULTE, P
SWEENEY, MH
FINGERHUT, M
VOSSENAS, P
BURKHARDT, G
KORNAK, MF
TI PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY AMONG CONSTRUCTION LABORERS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE LABORER; CONSTRUCTION; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY; INJURIES; ASBESTOS;
CONSTRUCTION TRADES
ID UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; INSULATION WORKERS; THYROID-CANCER;
LUNG-CANCER; ASBESTOS; EXPOSURE; OCCUPATION; RADIATION; SMOKING
AB This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses and proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) analyses among the 11,685 members of the Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA), who died between 1985-1988, using U.S. proportionate mortality rates as the comparison population. Statistically significant elevated mortality risks were observed for all malignant neoplasms (N = 3285, PMR = 1.13, CI = 1.09-1.17), as well as for site-specific neoplasms of the lung (N = 1208, PCMR = 1.06, CI = 1.00-1.12), stomach (N = 170, PCMR = 1.44, CI = 1.23-1.68), and thyroid gland (N = 10, PCMR = 2.24, CI = 1.07-4.12). The PCMRs for these malignant neoplasms were elevated among both white and nonwhite males, regardless of length of union membership, in most 10-year categories of age at death above 40 and for the three largest LIUNA regions examined. The study also observed 20 mesothelioma deaths, which indicated that some LIUNA members had been previously exposed to asbestos. Statistically significant elevated risks were also observed for deaths from transportation injuries (N = 448, PMR = 1.37, CI = 1.25-1.51), falls (N = 85, PMR = 1.34, CI = 1.07-1.66), and other types of injuries (N = 245, PMR = 1.61, CI = 1.42-1.83). The deaths due to injuries were most often observed among those members who had the shortest amount of time within the union, were younger, and first entered the union after 1955. This is the first study that has examined the general mortality experience limited to construction laborers only (Bureau of Census code 869). (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 LHSFNA,WASHINGTON,DC.
RP STERN, F (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PWY,MS-R15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 76
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 4
BP 485
EP 509
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270404
PG 25
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QQ138
UT WOS:A1995QQ13800003
PM 7793421
ER
PT J
AU KOO, D
GOLDMAN, L
BARON, R
AF KOO, D
GOLDMAN, L
BARON, R
TI IRRITANT DERMATITIS AMONG WORKERS CLEANING UP A PESTICIDE SPILL -
CALIFORNIA 1991
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; CONTACT DERMATITIS; CHEMICAL IRRITANT; PESTICIDE
AB An outbreak of dermatitis occurred among county jail inmates who removed dead fish from the Sacramento River in California after a spill of metam sodium. The spilled chemical decomposes to methylisothiocyanate (MITC), a known skin irritant. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among the inmates and their crew leaders. Among 42 jail group members, 27 had dermatitis involving the feet and ankles; dermatitis was associated with lower extremity water contact (RR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.0-11.8); the attack rate increased with length of time spent in the water. For comparison, other state and federal employees who worked in the river at the same time were also interviewed. None reported dermatitis. Over three-quarters (24/31) of these other clean-up workers whose feet became wet changed to dry clothing immediately; none of the jail group changed immediately. The river concentration of MITC measured 20-40 ppb at the time of exposure. We speculate that prolonged wetness, occlusive boots, friction, and heat contributed to chemical irritation at this low concentration; the experience of the other clean-up workers suggests that this outbreak could have been prevented. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT DIS CONTROL,EMERYVILLE,CA.
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 27
IS 4
BP 545
EP 553
DI 10.1002/ajim.4700270407
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QQ138
UT WOS:A1995QQ13800006
PM 7793424
ER
PT J
AU JARVIS, WR
AF JARVIS, WR
TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT
MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS E-69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318
SN 0196-6553
J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL
JI Am. J. Infect. Control
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 23
IS 2
BP 146
EP 151
DI 10.1016/0196-6553(95)90259-7
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT276
UT WOS:A1995QT27600008
PM 7639400
ER
PT J
AU LOWICHIK, A
ROLLINS, N
DELGADO, R
VISVESVARA, GS
BURNS, DK
AF LOWICHIK, A
ROLLINS, N
DELGADO, R
VISVESVARA, GS
BURNS, DK
TI LEPTOMYXID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS MIMICKING BRAIN-STEM GLIOMA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM, INFECTION; CHILDREN, CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM; BRAIN STEM, NEOPLASMS
ID IDENTIFICATION
AB An 11-month-old infant presented with cranial nerve palsy and ataxia. MR revealed a large, enhancing pontine mass and small, nonenhancing parafalcial lesions; no organisms were seen in cerebrospinal fluid. After empiric treatment for brain stem glioma, the patient died. Autopsy revealed meningoencephalitis caused by leptomyxid amebae.
C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DALLAS,TX.
UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT RADIOL,DALLAS,TX.
CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 14
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY
PI OAK BROOK
PA 2210 MIDWEST RD, OAK BROOK, IL 60521
SN 0195-6108
J9 AM J NEURORADIOL
JI Am. J. Neuroradiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 4
SU S
BP 926
EP 929
PG 4
WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
Imaging
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA QT868
UT WOS:A1995QT86800032
PM 7611076
ER
PT J
AU ROSCOE, RJ
DEDDENS, JA
SALVAN, A
SCHNORR, TM
AF ROSCOE, RJ
DEDDENS, JA
SALVAN, A
SCHNORR, TM
TI MORTALITY AMONG NAVAJO URANIUM MINERS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; LUNG-CANCER; RADON DAUGHTERS; NEW-MEXICO;
DISEASE; COHORT; MEN
AB Objectives. To update mortality risks for Navajo uranium miners, a retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted of 757 Navajos from the cohort of Colorado Plateau uranium miners.
Methods. Vital status was followed from 1960 to 1990. Standardized mortality ratios were estimated, with combined New Mexico and Arizona non-White mortality rates used for comparison. Cox regression models were used to evaluate exposure response relationships.
Results. Elevated standardized mortality ratios were found for lung cancer (3.3), tuberculosis (2.6), and pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases (2.6). Lowered ratios were found for heart disease (0.6), circulatory disease (0.4), and liver cirrhosis (0.5). The estimated relative risk for a 5-year duration of exposure vs none was 3.7 for lung cancer, 2.1 for pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases, and 2.0 for tuberculosis. The relative risk for lung cancer was 6.9 for the midrange of cumulative exposure to radon progeny compared with the least exposed.
Conclusions. Findings were consistent with those from previous studies. Twenty-three years after their last exposure to radon progeny, these light-smoking Navajo miners continue to face excess mortality risks from lung cancer and pneumoconioses and other respiratory diseases.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH.
UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MATH SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
CNR,LADSEB,PADUA,ITALY.
NR 28
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 4
BP 535
EP 540
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.535
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR244
UT WOS:A1995QR24400013
PM 7702118
ER
PT J
AU OCARROLL, PW
FRIEDE, A
NOJI, EK
LILLIBRIDGE, SR
FRIES, DJ
ATCHISON, CG
AF OCARROLL, PW
FRIEDE, A
NOJI, EK
LILLIBRIDGE, SR
FRIES, DJ
ATCHISON, CG
TI THE RAPID IMPLEMENTATION OF A STATEWIDE EMERGENCY HEALTH
INFORMATION-SYSTEM DURING THE 1993 IOWA FLOOD
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Note
ID DISASTER
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA.
RP OCARROLL, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 13
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 4
BP 564
EP 567
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.564
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR244
UT WOS:A1995QR24400020
PM 7702125
ER
PT J
AU HAREL, Y
OVERPECK, MD
JONES, DH
SCHEIDT, PC
BIJUR, PE
TRUMBLE, AC
HENDERSHOT, GE
AF HAREL, Y
OVERPECK, MD
JONES, DH
SCHEIDT, PC
BIJUR, PE
TRUMBLE, AC
HENDERSHOT, GE
TI THE QUALITY OF PROXY-RESPONDENT DATA IN NCHS SURVEYS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Letter
C1 BAR ILAN UNIV,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC.
ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY.
NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 4
BP 591
EP 591
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.4.591
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR244
UT WOS:A1995QR24400029
PM 7702133
ER
PT J
AU MILLET, P
GRADY, KK
OLSEN, M
GALLAND, GG
SULLIVAN, JS
MORRIS, CL
RICHARDSON, BB
COLLINS, WE
HUNTER, RL
AF MILLET, P
GRADY, KK
OLSEN, M
GALLAND, GG
SULLIVAN, JS
MORRIS, CL
RICHARDSON, BB
COLLINS, WE
HUNTER, RL
TI USE OF THE RHESUS-MONKEY AS AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL TO TEST THE DEGREE OF
EFFICACY OF AN ANTISPOROZOITE PEPTIDE MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATE COMBINED
WITH COPOLYMER-BASED ADJUVANTS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SPOROZOITES; BLOCK POLYMER SURFACTANTS; INHIBITORY
ACTIVITY; FALCIPARUM; ANTIBODIES; SELECTION; PROTEINS; ISOTYPE; SAFETY
AB Humoral response against sporozoites is not effective in protecting individuals from getting malaria. Reduction in the infectivity of sporozoites has not been quantified for most anti-sporozoite vaccines tested. Quantification requires animal models providing predictable prepatent periods, e.g., time elapsed between sporozoite inoculation and detection of parasitemia, to be used as an indicator of activity against sporozoites. A delay in prepatent period from vaccinated animals would therefore reflect a protective effect in reducing the number of parasites. We report the vaccination of rhesus monkeys with a synthetic peptide reproducing part of the repeated region of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium cynomolgi. This peptide was conjugated to the carrier protein diphtheria toroid and injected with four adjuvant formulations that differed only by the type of emulsion or immunomodulator. Because all five control animals had a synchronous prepatent period after challenge with live sporozoites, it was possible to quantify the protective efficacy for each vaccine formulation, even though all monkeys developed parasitemia. Sporozoite elimination correlated with the immunomodulator and the type of emulsion. Such elimination was related neither to antibody titer against the immunizing peptide or the whole sporozoite, nor to antibody isotype induced by the vaccine formulation.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 4
BP 328
EP 335
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA QX896
UT WOS:A1995QX89600010
PM 7741171
ER
PT J
AU GRIJALVA, MJ
ROWLAND, EC
POWELL, MR
MCCORMICK, TS
ESCALANTE, L
AF GRIJALVA, MJ
ROWLAND, EC
POWELL, MR
MCCORMICK, TS
ESCALANTE, L
TI BLOOD-DONORS IN A VECTOR-FREE ZONE OF ECUADOR POTENTIALLY INFECTED WITH
TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; ANTIBODY
AB Chagas' disease is a serious health problem for the population of South and Central America. Blood transfusion is the second most common way in which this disease is transmitted. Several studies have reported finding Trypanosoma cruzi-infected blood in blood banks in endemic areas. Serum samples were taken from the Red Cross blood bank in Quito, a nonendemic and vector free zone of Ecuador, in December 1992 and May 1993 and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude epimastigote extract from the Brazil strain of T. cruzi. Of 162 samples examined in December 1992, 12.1%, 13.9%, and 74% were seropositive, indeterminate, and seronegative, respectively. Of 173 samples taken in May 1993, 6.2%, 17.9%, 75.9% were seropositive, indeterminate, and seronegative, respectively. Western blot analysis of these sera using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 7.5% gels separated T. cruzi epimastigote antigen proteins, and revealed a reaction with a 205-kD doublet antigen with most of the seropositive samples. These results indicate the necessity for long-term screening of blood bank donors to reduce the risk of transfusion transmission of the disease even in areas of endemic countries where the vector is not present.
C1 OHIO UNIV,COLL OSTEOPATH MED,DEPT BIOL SCI,ATHENS,OH 45701.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
INST NACL HIGIENE & MED TROP,DEPT PATHOL,QUITO,ECUADOR.
OHIO UNIV,INST TROP & GEOG DIS,ATHENS,OH 45701.
OI Grijalva, Mario/0000-0003-1964-1425
NR 18
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 4
BP 360
EP 363
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA QX896
UT WOS:A1995QX89600017
PM 7741178
ER
PT J
AU BURKOT, TR
GRAVES, PM
AF BURKOT, TR
GRAVES, PM
TI THE VALUE OF VECTOR-BASED ESTIMATES OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION
SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; ANOPHELES-PUNCTULATUS COMPLEX; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM;
MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; SPOROZOITE RATES; DETECTION SYSTEMS; GAMBIAE COMPLEX;
INFECTION-RATES; SURVIVAL RATES; HUMAN-BLOOD
AB Estimating malaria transmission in the human is fraught with problems of reconciling clinical illness with parasitological status. It follows that there is a role for entomological assessments as an independent outcome variable and as a process indicator. Advances in DNA technology have expanded our capacity to identify vectors rapidly, while immunoassays allow the inoculation rate to be measured simultaneously in a number of villages with a precision 3-fold greater than measurements of vectorial capacity. The rapid specific identification of parasites in vectors has been utilized to estimate survivorship in mosquitoes per extrinsic incubation period (EIP), circumventing the need for estimates of survivorship per feeding cycle, lengths of feeding cycles or the length of the EIP. While lack of accuracy does not universally preclude the utility of estimates of the components of vectorial capacity in serving as relative estimates of transmission, particularly as process indicators, more accurate estimates of these parameters, particularly for density-dependent variables, may diminish the associated bias in their measurement. When this is accomplished, we will come closer to obtaining true rather than relative estimates of transmission.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO 80262.
RP BURKOT, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA.
RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013; Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014
OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901
NR 37
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 4
PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0003-4983
J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT
JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 89
IS 2
BP 125
EP 134
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical
Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical
Medicine
GA QZ056
UT WOS:A1995QZ05600004
PM 7605122
ER
PT J
AU MEAD, JR
YOU, XD
PHARR, JE
BELENKAYA, Y
ARROWOOD, MJ
FALLON, MT
SCHINAZI, RF
AF MEAD, JR
YOU, XD
PHARR, JE
BELENKAYA, Y
ARROWOOD, MJ
FALLON, MT
SCHINAZI, RF
TI EVALUATION OF MADURAMICIN AND ALBORIXIN IN A SCID MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAT MODEL; NUDE-MICE; PARVUM; IONOPHORES; INFECTIONS; INVITRO
AB Two polyether ionophores, maduramicin and alborixin, were evaluated for anticryptosporidial activity in a severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mouse model of cryptosporidiosis. Groups of SCID) mice were inoculated with 10(6) oocysts of bovine origin by oral gavage. Maduramicin or alborixin mas administered beginning 4 weeks postinfection at 3 mg/kg of body weight per day. Maduramicin treatment resulted in a 96% reduction in fecal parasite load over the 3-week treatment period (P < 0.003). This reduction correlated with decreases in tissue parasite loads observed in histological sections of the small intestine (P < 0.000002) and the colon (P < 0.000006). A significant decrease in oocyst shedding was also observed after a 3-week treatment with alborixin (71% reduction, P < 0.01). Maduramicin was also evaluated in a relapsing model of cryptosporidiosis in which the infection was observed to recur after treatments were discontinued. Some toxicity, as demonstrated by weight loss, was observed with both maduramicin and alborixin. Both drugs exhibited significant anticryptosporidial activities with concomitant moderate toxicity. These polyether ionophores should be valuable as positive controls in compound evaluation studies and as lead compounds for chemical optimization (modification).
C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30022.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30022.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP MEAD, JR (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED RES 151,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA.
RI Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017
FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25144]
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 39
IS 4
BP 854
EP 858
PG 5
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QQ123
UT WOS:A1995QQ12300011
PM 7785984
ER
PT J
AU SCHWEBKE, JR
WHITTINGTON, W
RICE, RJ
HANDSFIELD, HH
HALE, J
HOLMES, KK
AF SCHWEBKE, JR
WHITTINGTON, W
RICE, RJ
HANDSFIELD, HH
HALE, J
HOLMES, KK
TI TRENDS IN SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO CEFTRIAXONE FROM
1985 THROUGH 1991
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMOSOMALLY MEDIATED RESISTANCE; UNCOMPLICATED GONORRHEA; PENICILLIN;
SPECTINOMYCIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; ANTIBIOTICS; COMMUNITY;
OUTBREAK
AB The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 16,441 gonococcal isolates from Seattle-King County were determined for ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, penicillin G, and tetracycline. From 1985 to 1989, ceftriaxone, in combination with doxycycline, was increasingly used for treatment of gonorrhea, and by 1989, it was used as therapy for >80% of cases in Seattle-King County. MICs of ceftriaxone correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with those of the other beta-lactam antibiotics included in this study. Geometric mean MICs of penicillin G for isolates that did not produce beta-lactamase increased from 1985 to 1991. The geometric mean MICs of cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline began to decline in 1987 but increased in 1990 and 1991. The percentage of strains with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC, 0.06 to 0.25 mu g/ml) rose from 0.3% in 1985 to 5.3% in 1987 but subsequently declined steadily to 2.6% in 1991, despite increased use of ceftriaxone as routine therapy for gonorrhea. Changes in patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility may be related not only to antimicrobial selection pressures but also to less well understood population shifts among Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains within a community.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104.
SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07140, AI-31448]
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 39
IS 4
BP 917
EP 920
PG 4
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QQ123
UT WOS:A1995QQ12300022
PM 7785995
ER
PT J
AU KNAPP, JS
NEAL, SW
PAREKH, MC
RICE, RJ
AF KNAPP, JS
NEAL, SW
PAREKH, MC
RICE, RJ
TI IN-VITRO ACTIVITY OF A NEW FLUOROQUINOLONE, CP-99,219, AGAINST STRAINS
OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Note
ID CIPROFLOXACIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB The susceptibilities of 216 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to a new fluoroquinolone, CP-99,219 were determined. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin were less than or equal to 0.06 mu g/ml, the MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC(90)s) of CP-99,219, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were 0.008, 0.015, and 0.03 mu g/ml, respectively. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin were 0.125 to 0.5 mu g/ml, the MIC(90)ss of CP-99,219, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were 0.06, 0.25, and 0.5 mu g/ml, respectively. For strains for which the MICs of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 2.0 mu g/ml, the MIC of CP-99,219 was 0.25 mu g/ml.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,MAILSTOP D-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 12
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 39
IS 4
BP 987
EP 989
PG 3
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QQ123
UT WOS:A1995QQ12300037
PM 7786010
ER
PT J
AU RODEWALD, LE
SZILAGYI, PG
SHIUH, T
HUMISTON, SG
LEBARON, C
HALL, CB
AF RODEWALD, LE
SZILAGYI, PG
SHIUH, T
HUMISTON, SG
LEBARON, C
HALL, CB
TI IS UNDERIMMUNIZATION A MARKER FOR INSUFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF PREVENTIVE
AND PRIMARY-CARE
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; VACCINATIONS; CHILDREN
AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that the underimmunization of young children is a marker for the lack of preventive and acute primary care.
Setting: Primary care center serving an impoverished population (90% Medicaid).
Design: Historical cohort study (N=1178) of children aged 12 to 30 months that determined each child's immunization status; anemia, tuberculosis, and lead screening status; and office utilization history. Screening delay was defined as missing a recommended screening by more than 3 months past the standard screening age.
Results: Thirty-four percent of the population were underimmunized at 12 months of age. Compared with fully immunized children, these children were at greater risk for screening delay: anemia, 38% vs 5% (risk ratio [RR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 10.4); tuberculosis, 76% vs 44% (RR, 1.7; CI, 1.6 to 1.9); and lead, 69% vs 33% (RR, 2.1; CI, 1.9 to 2.4). These RRs increased with greater immunization delay. Compared with fully immunized children, the underimmunized group made 47% fewer preventive health visits (2.5 vs 4.7 visits per infant per year, P<.001) and 43% fewer illness Visits (2.5 vs 4.4, P<.001) and had 50% more missed appointments (2.1 vs 1.4, P<.001). Logistic regression, predicting anemia screening delay at 12 months of age, showed that underimmunization had an effect independent of utilization, with an odds ratio of 7.7 (CI, 5.2 to 12.0).
Conclusion: Underimmunization was a powerful, independent marker for inadequate health supervision in this population.
Implications: The current emphasis on immunizations has the benefit of targeting children at risk of lack of preventive and acute care. Improving immunization rates may have the potential to improve other aspects of primary care if immunization provision is not uncoupled from primary care.
C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY.
UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,ROCHESTER,NY.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA.
FU PHS HHS [U66/CCU201907]
NR 17
TC 78
Z9 78
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 149
IS 4
BP 393
EP 397
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QR558
UT WOS:A1995QR55800007
PM 7704167
ER
PT J
AU RUDNICK, JR
ARDUINO, MJ
BLAND, LA
CUSICK, L
MCALLISTER, SK
AGUERO, SM
JARVIS, WR
AF RUDNICK, JR
ARDUINO, MJ
BLAND, LA
CUSICK, L
MCALLISTER, SK
AGUERO, SM
JARVIS, WR
TI AN OUTBREAK OF PYROGENIC REACTIONS IN CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
ASSOCIATED WITH HEMODIALYZER REUSE
SO ARTIFICIAL ORGANS
LA English
DT Article
DE PYROGENIC REACTIONS; HEMODIALYSIS; DIALYZER REUSE; ENDOTOXIN
ID DIALYSIS
AB In February 1992, 22 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis at an outpatient dialysis center experienced pyrogenic reactions (PR). The PR rate was significantly greater (p < 0.001) during the epidemic (February 3-5) than the pre-epidemic period (November 1, 1999-February 1, 1992). All patients with PR used dialyzers that had been manually reprocessed either on February 1 or 3. These dialyzers contained up to 120.8 EU/ml of endotoxin in the blood compartment. The only dialyzer reprocessed before February 1 that was available for analysis was found to contain no detectable endotoxin, while dialyzers reprocessed during the epidemic period contained a median endotoxin concentration of 52.8 EU/ml. The bioburden of water used to prepare dialysate was in excess of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standard for water, less than or equal to 200 colony forming units (CFU)/ml. Samples of treated water collected in the reuse area were within AAMI standards at the time of the investigation (February 11 and February 26), but before the investigation, water samples were assayed with a culture method that could not detect microbial concentrations below 10(3) CFU/ml. In addition, the treated water feed line to the disinfectant container may never have been disinfected. However, no samples were collected from this line during the investigation. This outbreak emphasizes the need to use water that meets the AAMI bacteriologic and endotoxin standards of less than or equal to 200 CFU/ml and/or 5 EU/ml, respectively, for reprocessing hemodialyzers and to ensure that appropriate culture techniques are used for treated water and dialysate.
C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012
OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X
NR 16
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142
SN 0160-564X
J9 ARTIF ORGANS
JI Artif. Organs
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 4
BP 289
EP 294
DI 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02331.x
PG 6
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation
SC Engineering; Transplantation
GA QU254
UT WOS:A1995QU25400002
PM 7598647
ER
PT J
AU OSHIMA, KH
EVANSSTRICKFADEN, TT
HIGHSMITH, AK
ADES, EW
AF OSHIMA, KH
EVANSSTRICKFADEN, TT
HIGHSMITH, AK
ADES, EW
TI THE REMOVAL OF PHAGES T1 AND PP7, AND POLIOVIRUS FROM FLUIDS WITH
HOLLOW-FIBER ULTRAFILTERS WITH MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CUTOFFS OF 50000, 13000,
AND 6000
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE VIRUS REMOVAL; VIRUS CONCENTRATION; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES
ID MICROPOROUS FILTERS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; FRESH-WATER;
QUALITY
AB We tested the ability of hollow-fiber ultrafilters with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) of 50 000, 13 000, and 6000 to remove and detect viral agents (phage T1, 50-150 nm, phage PP7, poliovirus. 28-30 nm) from ultrapure water, 0.85% saline with 1% trypticase soy broth, and Dulbecco's modified Eagle minimum essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (DMEM-10. Virus diluted in saline and DMEM-10 were tested to evaluate filter performance under conditions that minimize the adsorption of viral particles to the filter matrix. During filtration, the retentate was returned to the input reservoir, and the permeate was removed to a separate vessel. Thus, the virus concentration in the feed increased over the course of filtration. Filter performance was evaluated by comparing the concentration of infectious virus in the initial virus suspension with the virus concentration in the permeate and retentate. Very efficient removal of phages T1 and PP7 was observed with the filters with MWCOs of 13 000 and 6000 (titer reduction >7 logs) for all three fluids tested. No poliovirus was detected in the permeate of the ultrafilters with MWCOs of 13 000 or 6000 (titer reduction >6 logs). These results indicate that the ultrafilrers with MWCOs of 13 000 and 6000 were very effective in removing small viral particles (25-30 nm) by size exclusion. The recovery efficiency of the virus in the retentate varied by fluid type. However, filtration with virus diluted in DMEM-10 resulted in consistent recovery of the viruses tested. The results suggest that these ultrafilters may have the dual potential of removing viral contaminants from fluids and concentrating virus in the retentate.
C1 PALL CORP,SCI & LAB SERV,PORT WASHINGTON,NY 11050.
RP OSHIMA, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
FU ADAMHA HHS [CRADA97-027]
NR 26
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0008-4166
J9 CAN J MICROBIOL
JI Can. J. Microbiol.
PD APR-MAY
PY 1995
VL 41
IS 4-5
BP 316
EP 322
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Immunology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Immunology; Microbiology
GA RG958
UT WOS:A1995RG95800002
PM 8590412
ER
PT J
AU ANGULO, FJ
GLASER, CA
JURANEK, DD
LAPPIN, MR
REGNERY, RL
AF ANGULO, FJ
GLASER, CA
JURANEK, DD
LAPPIN, MR
REGNERY, RL
TI CARING FOR PETS OF IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSONS (REPRINTED FROM J AM VET
MED ASSOC, VOL 205, PG 1711-1718, 1994)
SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE
LA English
DT Reprint
ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION;
MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII;
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI;
UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105.
COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT CLIN SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
RP ANGULO, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 72
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 4
PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSN
PI OTTAWA
PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERELY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA ON K1R 7K1, CANADA
SN 0008-5286
J9 CAN VET J
JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 36
IS 4
BP 217
EP 222
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA QR572
UT WOS:A1995QR57200005
PM 17424395
ER
PT J
AU TSAI, JF
MARGOLIS, HS
JENG, JE
HO, MS
CHANG, WY
LIN, ZY
TSAI, JH
AF TSAI, JF
MARGOLIS, HS
JENG, JE
HO, MS
CHANG, WY
LIN, ZY
TSAI, JH
TI CIRCULATING IMMUNE-COMPLEXES IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS RELATED TO HEPATITIS-C
AND HEPATITIS-B VIRUSES INFECTION
SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; NON-A-HEPATITIS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; IGM;
IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ANTIBODY; SERUM; HBSAG; CHIMPANZEES; PROTEIN
AB Circulating immune complexes (CIC) may be involved in tissue damage and/or viral clearance in viral hepatitis. To assess the frequency of raised CIC in chronic hepatitis related to hepatitis B and C, IgM, IgG, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) containing CIC were determined, by conglutinin (K) and Clq assays, in 101 patients with chronic hepatitis B alone, 24 patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, 48 patients with chronic hepatitis C alone, and 54 healthy controls. Compared to patients with hepatitis B alone, patients with dual infection had higher frequency of raised IgM-C1q CIC (P < 0.001) and IgM-K CIC (P < 0.01). There is no difference in the prevalence of HBsAg-CIC between patients with hepatitis B alone and those with dual infection. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C alone, conglutinin-binding CIC is the predominant type of raised CIC and correlated with more severe liver damage. In conclusion, CIC may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
C1 KAOHSIUNG MED COLL, CLIN LAB, KAOHSIUNG, TAIWAN.
ACAD SINICA, INST BIOMED SCI, TAIPEI, TAIWAN.
CTR DIS CONTROL, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
RP TSAI, JF (reprint author), KAOHSIUNG MED COLL, DEPT INTERNAL MED, KAOHSIUNG, TAIWAN.
NR 43
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0090-1229
J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP
JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 75
IS 1
BP 39
EP 44
DI 10.1006/clin.1995.1050
PG 6
WC Immunology; Pathology
SC Immunology; Pathology
GA QM343
UT WOS:A1995QM34300006
PM 7533684
ER
PT J
AU SCHWARTZ, DN
SCHABLE, B
TENOVER, FC
MILLER, RA
AF SCHWARTZ, DN
SCHABLE, B
TENOVER, FC
MILLER, RA
TI LEPTOTRICHIA BUCCALIS BACTEREMIA IN PATIENTS TREATED IN A SINGLE
BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT UNIT
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICEMIA; HOST DEFENSE;
PREVENTION; CIPROFLOXACIN; RECIPIENTS; PENTOXIFYLLINE; ENDOCARDITIS;
INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN
AB We describe four cases of bacteremia due to Leptotrichia buccalis (an organism that is part of the normal human oral flora) that occurred in a bone marrow transplant unit over a 3-month period. All of the patients were neutropenic, all had mucositis or esophagitis, and all were receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin (drugs to which Leptotrichia is resistant). One patient died of adult respiratory distress syndrome; the others had minimal symptoms. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis of bacterial DNA digested with Sma I demonstrated a unique banding pattern for each isolate, indicating that the isolates belonged to distinct strains. Quantitative gas-liquid chromatography of whole-cell free fatty acids confirmed the uniqueness of the strains, obviating the need to search for a common source of infection. We postulate that this outbreak resulted from antibiotic selection pressure on the oral flora in patients who had been compromised by severe neutropenia and mucosal disruption.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA.
UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA.
RP SCHWARTZ, DN (reprint author), COOK CTY HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,HEKTOEN BLDG,ROOM 605,1835 W HARRISON ST,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA.
NR 36
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 4
BP 762
EP 767
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP662
UT WOS:A1995QP66200004
PM 7795070
ER
PT J
AU SPACH, DH
KANTER, AS
DANIELS, NA
NOWOWIEJSKI, DJ
LARSON, AM
SCHMIDT, RA
SWAMINATHAN, B
BRENNER, DJ
AF SPACH, DH
KANTER, AS
DANIELS, NA
NOWOWIEJSKI, DJ
LARSON, AM
SCHMIDT, RA
SWAMINATHAN, B
BRENNER, DJ
TI BARTONELLA (ROCHALIMAEA) SPECIES AS A CAUSE OF APPARENT CULTURE-NEGATIVE
ENDOCARDITIS
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HENSELAE SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS;
PELIOSIS; PATIENT; QUINTANA
AB Bartonella quintana (formerly Rochalimaea quintana) is a recently recognized cause of apparent ''culture-negative'' endocarditis. We describe a 39-year-old, homeless man who developed aortic valve endocarditis caused by B. quintana. He had a history of alcoholism and was seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus. We established that B. quintana was the cause of the endocarditis on the basis of the isolation of B. quintana from blood cultures, the compatibility of histochemical stains of cardiac valve tissue, the reactivity of the polymerase chain reaction specific for B. quintana on cardiac valve tissue, and the failure to isolate an alternative causative organism despite extensive efforts. This is the second report of endocarditis caused by B. quintana and the fourth report of endocarditis caused by a Bartonella species. On the basis of the findings of this report and those of other recent reports, further study is warranted to determine the overall role of Bartonella species in apparent culture-negative endocarditis.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,SEATTLE,WA 98104.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 19
TC 62
Z9 65
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 4
BP 1044
EP 1047
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP662
UT WOS:A1995QP66200044
PM 7795048
ER
PT J
AU BRANSON, BM
AF BRANSON, BM
TI EARLY INTERVENTION FOR PERSONS INFECTED WITH
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS;
PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HEPATITIS-B
VIRUS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; SEROPOSITIVE HOMOSEXUAL MEN;
PRIMARY HIV-INFECTION; T-CELL SUBSETS
AB Early intervention for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves characterization of the stage of HIV disease, institution of therapy to prevent associated infections and postpone deterioration of immune function, and assistance in preventing transmission of the virus. This review examines the available data on the efficacy of current recommendations regarding the evaluation and management of persons with early HIV infection. Existing evidence supports the efficacy of physical examination, monitoring of the CD4(+) cell count, tuberculin testing (with chemotherapy for persons who test positive), anergy testing, Papanicolaou testing and screening for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection (for high-risk women), screening for syphilis, antiretroviral therapy (for symptomatic patients), and guidance in reducing the transmission of HIV. Recommended measures for which evidence of clinical efficacy is less certain include immunization against infections due to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B virus as well as antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic persons. Quantitative measurement of viral titers appears promising for the monitoring of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy; the correlations of these titers with clinical end points need to be confirmed.
RP BRANSON, BM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, 1600 CLIFTON RD, MAILSTOP E02, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 289
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1058-4838
EI 1537-6591
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S3
EP S22
PG 20
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700002
PM 7795107
ER
PT J
AU BROWN, S
BECHER, J
BRADY, W
AF BROWN, S
BECHER, J
BRADY, W
TI TREATMENT OF ECTOPARASITIC INFECTIONS - REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE
LITERATURE, 1982-1992
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID PERMETHRIN 5-PERCENT CREAM; 1-PERCENT LINDANE SHAMPOO; HEAD LICE;
COMPARATIVE TRIAL; CREME RINSE; SINGLE TREATMENT; SCABIES; PEDICULOSIS;
ERADICATION; CHILDREN
AB We reviewed the English-language literature of 1982-1992 for papers concerning scabies, pediculosis, and their treatments; this information was supplemented with opinions of workers in the field of ectoparasitic disease. Six treatment trials for scabies, one study of the treatment of pediculosis pubis, and additional studies on the treatment of pediculosis capitis were included. Both lindane 1% and permethrin 5% are effective treatments for scabies, although resistance to lindane does exist. Lindane 1%, permethrin 1%, and pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are all effective treatments for pediculosis. Severe reactions to lindane therapy may occur when increased skin absorption of lindane occurs. Permethrin 5% or lindane 1% is recommended for the treatment of scabies. Lindane should be used with precautions to avoid excess skin penetration and should not be used to treat infants, young children, or pregnant or lactating women, Permethrin 1%, lindane 1%, or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide is recommended for the treatment of pediculosis pubis. Pregnant and lactating women should be treated with either permethrin or with pyrethrins containing piperonyl butoxide.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
DEKALB CTY BOARD HLTH,DIV HLTH PHYS,STD HIV PROGRAM,DECATUR,GA.
NR 29
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S104
EP S109
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700011
PM 7540875
ER
PT J
AU JOESOEF, MR
SCHMID, GP
AF JOESOEF, MR
SCHMID, GP
TI BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS - REVIEW OF TREATMENT OPTIONS AND POTENTIAL CLINICAL
INDICATIONS FOR THERAPY
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID INFECTION;
GARDNERELLA-VAGINALIS; NONSPECIFIC VAGINITIS; DOUBLE-BLIND;
RISK-FACTORS; METRONIDAZOLE THERAPY; DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; SEXUAL
TRANSMISSION; CLINDAMYCIN CREAM
AB We reviewed data on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis published from 1989 through 1992 (articles published after the 1989 publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines). This review suggests that oral metronidazole (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) is the preferred treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Other effective (but alternative) treatment regimens include single-dose metronidazole (2 g orally), 2% clindamycin vaginal cream (once daily for 7 days), 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel (twice daily for 5 days), and oral clindamycin (300 mg twice daily for 7 days). Data do not support the practice of routine treatment of male sex partners of infected females. Treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy should focus on the elimination of symptoms; data on adverse pregnancy outcomes for women with bacterial vaginosis remain insufficient to recommend treatment of asymptomatic patients. Before performing surgical abortion, treatment of bacterial vaginosis (symptomatic or asymptomatic) should be considered to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease.
RP JOESOEF, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 68
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S72
EP S79
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700007
PM 7795111
ER
PT J
AU KAMB, ML
AF KAMB, ML
TI CERVICAL-CANCER SCREENING OF WOMEN ATTENDING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED
DISEASE CLINICS
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PAP SMEAR HISTORIES; INTRAEPITHELIAL
NEOPLASIA; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARCINOMA; CYTOLOGY; RISK
AB Prevention programs at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have traditionally focused on reducing the spread of STDs through prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections and through notification and treatment of sex partners. For women the clinic examination also offers an opportunity to prevent cervical cancer, a sequela of STDs, Women who have had STDs are at increased risk for cervical cancer, and women who seek health care at public clinics frequently have additional characteristics that place them at risk for not having had a recent Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Despite the opportunity for cervical cancer screening that is afforded by a visit to an STD clinic, in most public clinics a Pap smear is not part of the routine examination of women. This report summarizes the evidence supporting cervical cancer screening for women with STDs (particularly women attending STD clinics) and addresses the advantages, disadvantages, and net yield of previous screening programs at STD clinics.
RP KAMB, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 43
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S98
EP S103
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700010
PM 7795113
ER
PT J
AU LEVINE, WC
SCHMID, GP
BRADY, WE
STLOUIS, ME
AF LEVINE, WC
SCHMID, GP
BRADY, WE
STLOUIS, ME
TI 1993 SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES TREATMENT GUIDELINES - ATLANTA,
GEORGIA 19-21 JANUARY 1993 - INTRODUCTION
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP LEVINE, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S1
EP S2
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700001
ER
PT J
AU MORAN, JS
LEVINE, WC
AF MORAN, JS
LEVINE, WC
TI DRUGS OF CHOICE FOR THE TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID SINGLE-DOSE CIPROFLOXACIN; RESISTANT NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE;
PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING STRAINS; COMPARATIVE CLINICAL EFFICACY;
SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY; CEFUROXIME
AXETIL; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PHARYNGEAL GONORRHEA; PROCAINE PENICILLIN
AB Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial agents continues to spread and intensify. Choosing an antimicrobial regimen requires knowledge of the comparative efficacy of candidate regimens, as delineated in properly conducted clinical trials; their activity against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro; and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. We tabulated the results of trials of single-dose antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated gonococcal infection published after 1980. Thirty regimens comprising 21 antimicrobial drugs have been shown to be highly effective for rectal and urogenital infections; the agents involved are cefixime, cefodizime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, temafloxacin, azithromycin, aztreonam, netilmicin, rifampin plus erythromycin stearate, sisomicin, and spectinomycin. Few regimens have been shown to be highly effective against pharyngeal infections. Among those antimicrobial agents available for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections in the United States, ceftriaxone (125 mg), cefixime (400 mg), ciprofloxacin (500 mg), and ofloxacin (400 mg) appear to offer the best balance of proven efficacy and safety.
RP MORAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, MAILSTOP E02, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 204
TC 83
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S47
EP S65
PG 19
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700005
PM 7795109
ER
PT J
AU REEF, SE
LEVINE, WC
MCNEIL, MM
FISHERHOCH, S
HOLMBERG, SD
DUERR, A
SMITH, D
SOBEL, JD
PINNER, RW
AF REEF, SE
LEVINE, WC
MCNEIL, MM
FISHERHOCH, S
HOLMBERG, SD
DUERR, A
SMITH, D
SOBEL, JD
PINNER, RW
TI TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS, 1993
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL TABLETS; 3-DAY TREATMENT; BUTOCONAZOLE NITRATE;
MICONAZOLE TREATMENT; MULTICENTER TRIAL; ORAL KETOCONAZOLE; CANDIDOSIS;
RECURRENT; FLUCONAZOLE; THERAPY
AB Vulvovaginal candidiasis (WC), the second most common form of vaginitis, particularly affects women of childbearing age. Since the 1970s, several new agents have become available for the treatment of VVC. This review focuses on options for the treatment of this condition, critically evaluating the relevant published studies. For the treatment of acute episodes of VVC in nonpregnant women, several topical and oral antifungal agents are clinically and mycologically effective, Topical agents should be considered the first line of therapy; however, oral agents are sometimes associated with better compliance among patients, For acute episodes in pregnant women, a topical agent is the treatment of choice. Until data become available on the treatment of VVC in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the same approach as that used for women without HIV infection should be considered as previously written. For recurrent VVC, the optimal maintenance therapy has not yet been established; however, administration of low-dose oral ketoconazole (100 mg/d) has proven effective. Well-designed studies of the best therapy for VVC in women with HIV infection and for recurrent VVC are urgently needed.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
AGA KHAN UNIV,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH SCI,KARACHI,PAKISTAN.
WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT MED CTR,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DETROIT,MI.
NATL CTR CHRON DIS & PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP REEF, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 97
TC 32
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S80
EP S90
PG 11
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700008
PM 7795112
ER
PT J
AU ROLFS, RT
AF ROLFS, RT
TI TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS, 1993
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PENICILLIN-G BENZATHINE; SERONEGATIVE
SECONDARY SYPHILIS; HIV-INFECTION; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS;
CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; LATENT SYPHILIS; SEROLOGICAL
RESPONSE; CEFTRIAXONE THERAPY
AB Data on treatment of patients with syphilis were reviewed in preparation for revision of the Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published studies of treatment regimens available and practical for use today were reviewed, particularly in regard to the following issues: treatment for primary, secondary, and latent stages of syphilis; treatment for syphilis during pregnancy; treatment for syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; and serological criteria for evaluating response to treatment. The results of treatment and the methodological quality of the studies was considered. Most treatment recommendations must be based on expert judgment and with reliance on the clinical experience over 4 decades. For the treatment of early syphilis in HIV-uninfected patients, this is probably sufficient. Data about HIV-infected patients are insufficient both for determining whether current therapy is adequate and for recommendation of an alternative if a change in therapy is deemed necessary.
RP ROLFS, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 181
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S23
EP S38
PG 16
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700003
PM 7795106
ER
PT J
AU SCHULTE, JM
SCHMID, GP
AF SCHULTE, JM
SCHMID, GP
TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CHANCROID, 1993
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HEMOPHILUS DUCREYI INFECTION; SINGLE-DOSE
CEFTRIAXONE; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; UNITED-STATES;
TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; INVITRO ACTIVITY; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; KENYA;
SUSCEPTIBILITIES
AB Since the 1989 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines were published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, changes in the efficacy of the recommended and alternative regimens for the treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infections have been described. Among recommended agents, erythromycin remains effective, and although a single dose of ceftriaxone appears to remain effective in the United States, limited data from Kenya have shown that this regimen has been associated with treatment failures. Of alternative treatment regimens, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been associated with widespread failure, but little work has been done to further evaluate the efficacy of the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin regimens. Of the new antimicrobials, azithromycin has been very effective in the United States, but the efficacy of this drug elsewhere has not been thoroughly evaluated. Fleroxacin has been very effective in Kenya. Data from Africa indicate that patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus do not respond to therapy as well as patients who are not, and patients who are uncircumcised may not respond as well to therapy as do patients who are circumcised.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR STD & HIV CONTROL,AUSTIN,TX.
NR 65
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S39
EP S46
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700004
PM 7795108
ER
PT J
AU STONE, KM
AF STONE, KM
TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND GENITAL WARTS - UPDATE ON
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TREATMENT
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; INTRALESIONAL INTERFERON ALFA-2B; ABNORMAL
PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; MALE SEXUAL PARTNERS;
CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA; SYSTEMIC INTERFERON; TREATMENT FAILURE;
DOUBLE-BLIND; 0.5-PERCENT PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
AB The treatment of genital warts remains frustrating since it is often painful, expensive, and unsuccessful. Moreover, little is known about the infectivity and natural history of exophytic genital warts or subclinical genital infection with human papillomavirus. The traditional goals of therapy for sexually transmitted diseases-eradication of infection, elimination of symptoms, prevention of long-term sequelae, and interruption of transmission-are currently not attainable for or applicable to genital warts. The medical literature from January 1988 to August 1993 was reviewed for recent studies on the treatment of exophytic warts. The following treatments were included in the reviewed studies: podofilox (which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration), podophyllin, cryotherapy, topical 5-fluorouracil, intralesional interferon, systemic interferon, and laser surgery. No single treatment modality was superior to another, and recurrence rates associated with all modalities were high. Treatment of genital warts should be guided by preferences of the patient, and a specific therapeutic regimen should be chosen with consideration of expense, efficacy, convenience, and potential for adverse effects.
RP STONE, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAIL STOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 64
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S91
EP S97
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700009
PM 7540876
ER
PT J
AU WEBER, JT
JOHNSON, RE
AF WEBER, JT
JOHNSON, RE
TI NEW TREATMENTS FOR CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS GENITAL-INFECTION
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Meeting
CY JAN 19-21, 1993
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID SINGLE-DOSE AZITHROMYCIN; NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS;
NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; DOXYCYCLINE; OFLOXACIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; PREGNANCY;
EFFICACY; THERAPY; PHARMACOKINETICS
AB To provide information for the formulation of treatment guidelines, we review recently published articles and abstracts on advances in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. We ask specific questions about new treatments that are answered on the basis of the results of clinical trials and efficacy studies. New, potentially effective treatments for C. trachomatis genital infection include azithromycin and ofloxacin, Clinical studies indicate that the efficacy of these agents is equivalent to that of the current recommended agent doxycycline. Both azithromycin and ofloxacin are substantially more expensive than doxycycline. Azithromycin has the advantage of being given as a single dose, while doxycycline and ofloxacin are administered for 1 week. Issues of compliance, cost, and toxicity for specific patients should be considered when deciding whether to treat C. trachomatis genital infections with these agents.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 50
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
SU 1
BP S66
EP S71
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QQ807
UT WOS:A1995QQ80700006
PM 7795110
ER
PT J
AU BEALL, BW
SANDEN, GN
AF BEALL, BW
SANDEN, GN
TI CLONING AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS FOR
GENE
SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUR GENE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SIDEROPHORE
PRODUCTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; REGULATORY GENE;
OUTER-MEMBRANE; IRON; PROTEIN
AB In several Gram-negative pathogens the fur (ferric uptake regulator) gene product controls the expression of many genes involved in iron uptake and virulence, To facilitate the study of iron-regulated gene expression in Bordetella pertussis, we cloned the fur gene from this organism. The B. pertussis fur gene product was 54% identical to the Escherichia coli Fur and complemented two E. coli fur mutants. As with the E. coli fur gene, sequences upstream of the B. pertussis fur were homologous to the consensus Fur-binding site and to the consensus catabolite activator protein binding site.
RP BEALL, BW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0343-8651
J9 CURR MICROBIOL
JI Curr. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 30
IS 4
BP 223
EP 226
DI 10.1007/BF00293637
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QK174
UT WOS:A1995QK17400006
PM 7765895
ER
PT J
AU ENGELGAU, MM
THOMPSON, TJ
SMITH, PJ
HERMAN, WH
AUBERT, RE
GUNTER, EW
WETTERHALL, SF
SOUS, ES
MOHAMED, AA
AF ENGELGAU, MM
THOMPSON, TJ
SMITH, PJ
HERMAN, WH
AUBERT, RE
GUNTER, EW
WETTERHALL, SF
SOUS, ES
MOHAMED, AA
TI SCREENING FOR DIABETES-MELLITUS IN ADULTS - THE UTILITY OF RANDOM
CAPILLARY BLOOD-GLUCOSE MEASUREMENTS
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Article
AB OBJECTIVE-Because half of the people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are undiagnosed and because near-normal glycemic control can prevent diabetic complications, we evaluated the use of field-based random capillary blood glucose measurement as a screening test for NIDDM.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A cross-sectional sample of 828 Egyptians greater than or equal to 20 years of age underwent both a random capillary blood glucose measurement performed with a portable reflectance meter in the field and an oral glucose tolerance test in the laboratory. The sensitivity and specificity of random capillary blood glucose measurements in predicting the presence of NIDDM were evaluated.
RESULTS-Multivariate analyses showed that the screening test performed better when subjects had eaten shortly before the test (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.87 for a 1-h postprandial period compared with 0.69 for an 8-h postprandial period) and that the optimal capillary blood glucose cutoff points to define a positive test increased with age. For a postprandial period of 1 h, cutoff points of 115 mg/dl for individuals 30 years of age and 140 mg/dl for those 75 years of age yielded similar performance characteristics (sensitivity 82% and specificity 78% for those 30 years old; sensitivity 81% and specificity 80% for those 75 years old).
CONCLUSIONS-Adjusting random capillary blood glucose measurements for the postprandial period and using age-specific cutoff point values can improve performance of the screening test.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
MINIST HLTH CAIRO,INST DIABET,CAIRO,EGYPT.
RP ENGELGAU, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 16
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 4
BP 463
EP 466
DI 10.2337/diacare.18.4.463
PG 4
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA QQ216
UT WOS:A1995QQ21600005
PM 7497854
ER
PT J
AU REEVES, MW
PERKINS, BA
DIERMAYER, M
WENGER, JD
AF REEVES, MW
PERKINS, BA
DIERMAYER, M
WENGER, JD
TI EPIDEMIC-ASSOCIATED NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS DETECTED BY MULTILOCUS ENZYME
ELECTROPHORESIS
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID COMPLEX
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA.
OREGON DEPT HLTH,EMERGING INFECT PROGRAMS,PORTLAND,OR.
RP REEVES, MW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 4
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 2
BP 53
EP 54
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA TD318
UT WOS:A1995TD31800003
PM 8903159
ER
PT J
AU GUBLER, DJ
CLARK, GG
AF GUBLER, DJ
CLARK, GG
TI DENGUE DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - THE EMERGENCE OF A GLOBAL HEALTH
PROBLEM
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
RP GUBLER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA.
NR 11
TC 333
Z9 355
U1 0
U2 21
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 2
BP 55
EP 57
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA TD318
UT WOS:A1995TD31800004
PM 8903160
ER
PT J
AU RUIZTIBEN, E
HOPKINS, DR
RUEBUSH, TK
KAISER, RL
AF RUIZTIBEN, E
HOPKINS, DR
RUEBUSH, TK
KAISER, RL
TI PROGRESS TOWARD THE ERADICATION OF DRACUNCULIASIS (GUINEA-WORM-DISEASE)
- 1994
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP RUIZTIBEN, E (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR,GLOBAL 2000 PROJECT,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 2
BP 58
EP 60
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA TD318
UT WOS:A1995TD31800005
PM 8903161
ER
PT J
AU CETRON, MS
JERNIGAN, DB
BREIMAN, RF
BIRKHEAD, G
BUTLER, JC
CARTTER, ML
CHESNEY, JP
CRAIG, W
GAYNES, RP
GILCHRIST, MJR
HOFFMAN, RE
JORGENSEN, J
KLEIN, D
OBRIEN, T
SCHWARTZ, B
SHELDON, A
SPITALNY, KC
TENOVER, FC
TIMPERI, RJ
AF CETRON, MS
JERNIGAN, DB
BREIMAN, RF
BIRKHEAD, G
BUTLER, JC
CARTTER, ML
CHESNEY, JP
CRAIG, W
GAYNES, RP
GILCHRIST, MJR
HOFFMAN, RE
JORGENSEN, J
KLEIN, D
OBRIEN, T
SCHWARTZ, B
SHELDON, A
SPITALNY, KC
TENOVER, FC
TIMPERI, RJ
TI ACTION PLAN FOR DRUG-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237.
COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS,AUSTIN,TX.
CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106.
AMER ACAD PEDIAT,ELK GROVE VILLAGE,IL 60007.
COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO 80222.
NATL COMM CLIN LAB STAND,VILLANOVA,PA 19085.
NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
WHO,COLLABORATING CTR ANTIBIOT RESISTANCE,BOSTON,MA.
US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857.
NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625.
ASSOC STATE & TERR PUBL HLTH LAB DIRECTORS,WASHINGTON,DC.
RP CETRON, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 9
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 2
BP 64
EP 65
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA TD318
UT WOS:A1995TD31800008
PM 8903164
ER
PT J
AU COLLEY, DG
AF COLLEY, DG
TI WATERBORNE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS THREAT ADDRESSED
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP COLLEY, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 2
BP 67
EP 68
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA TD318
UT WOS:A1995TD31800011
PM 8903166
ER
PT J
AU PIRKLE, JL
SAMPSON, EJ
NEEDHAM, LL
PATTERSON, DG
ASHLEY, DL
AF PIRKLE, JL
SAMPSON, EJ
NEEDHAM, LL
PATTERSON, DG
ASHLEY, DL
TI USING BIOLOGICAL MONITORING TO ASSESS HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PRIORITY
TOXICANTS
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking -
Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and
Epidemiologic Research
CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993
CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC
SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
DE BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BIOMARKERS; LEAD; DIOXIN; VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; METAANALYSIS
ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; BLOOD
AB Scientifically valid exposure assessment is crucial to risk assessment, risk management, and prevention of environmental disease. Scientists have used three tools to assess exposure: exposure history/questionnaires, environmental monitoring {including personal monitoring), and biological monitoring. Combinations of these tools usually provide the exposure information needed to meet objectives of human studies evaluating the exposure-health effect relationship. Biological monitoring is a capable exposure assessment tool that has provided important information used in public health decisions. We briefly describe how risk assessment and risk management decisions for lead, dioxin, and volatile organic compounds have substantially benefited from exposure information obtained from biological monitoring.
RP PIRKLE, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP F20,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011
NR 11
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 103
SU 3
BP 45
EP 48
DI 10.2307/3432559
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QY257
UT WOS:A1995QY25700006
PM 7635111
ER
PT J
AU EZZATIRICE, TM
MURPHY, RS
AF EZZATIRICE, TM
MURPHY, RS
TI ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESIGN OF A NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLE FOR
HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking -
Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and
Epidemiologic Research
CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993
CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC
SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
DE SURVEY DESIGN; OVERSAMPLING; STRATIFICATION; MULTISTAGE SAMPLING
ID POPULATIONS
AB Data obtained from national probability sample surveys provide important information on the prevalence of various health conditions and distributions of physical and biochemical characteristics of the U.S. population. The sample design of a survey specifies how sampling from a designated population over a stated period is to be accomplished. A survey's analytical objectives and interests-in particular subpopulations-affect the sample design strategy. Selected subdomains of ?he population often must be oversampled so ?hat estimates can be made with acceptable precision. This article addresses sample design considerations for a national probability sample for human tissue monitoring and specimen banking. Among the sampling issues addressed are the oversampling of special populations e.g., minority groups and at-risk groups such as low income or elderly persons; geographic coverage; and sample size considerations. The sample design for a major health survey, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), is used to illustrate a complex, multistage probability sample design and to highlight some of the sampling issues discussed in this article.
RP EZZATIRICE, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 103
SU 3
BP 55
EP 59
DI 10.2307/3432561
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QY257
UT WOS:A1995QY25700008
PM 7635113
ER
PT J
AU SCHULTE, PA
SWEENEY, MH
AF SCHULTE, PA
SWEENEY, MH
TI ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS, CONFIDENTIALITY ISSUES, RIGHTS OF
HUMAN-SUBJECTS, AND USES OF MONITORING DATA IN RESEARCH AND REGULATION
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking -
Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and
Epidemiologic Research
CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993
CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC
SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
DE ETHICS; CONFIDENTIALITY; PRIVACY; INFORMED CONSENT; HUMAN SUBJECTS;
BIOMARKERS; STUDY DESIGN; BIOLOGIC SPECIMENS; SPECIMEN BANKING
ID MARKERS; WORKERS
AB Biomarkers are potentially powerful tools for use in research and regulation. Their derivation from biologic specimens collected from human subjects does, however, present many ethical implications. Ethical issues are relevant in almost each facet of human biomarker research studies: design, identification and recruitment of subjects, handling and use of the data, and interpretation and communication of results. Researchers also face a number of dilemmas when considering the use of human biologic specimens and new biomarkers. The mere fact that such markers are the result of measurements in human specimens gives the appearance of being more accurate than traditional sources of information such as questionnaires or environmental monitoring; yet, this may not always be the case. The meaning of the results of biomarker studies may be unclear because the purpose of the study is usually for research rather than clinical purposes. There generally are no established normal ranges for biomarkers and the interpretation of findings are often difficult. Researchers may not communicate these results to subjects or consider followup action because the task may be too difficult or undefined, or the reaction of the subject cannot be anticipated. A wide range of practices in this regard exists among researchers. Many questions remain unanswered about the use of biologic specimens. These include questions of ownership and access to specimens. Related to this is the question of whether specimens collected for one research purpose can be used for an entirely different research purpose. This is still an open question. Researchers and regulators may not be aware of the potential for biomarker information to affect the lives of subjects and their families without sufficient protection of personally identifiable data and regulation of its use. it is incumbent on researchers to consider these human subject questions whenever they are using human specimens or biomarkers.
RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 31
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 103
SU 3
BP 69
EP 74
DI 10.2307/3432563
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QY257
UT WOS:A1995QY25700010
PM 7635115
ER
PT J
AU WAGENER, DK
AF WAGENER, DK
TI ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF THE NATIONAL AND
HISPANIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking -
Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and
Epidemiologic Research
CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993
CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC
SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
DE ETHICS; SURVEYS; TISSUE BANKING
AB The purpose of this article is to describe some ethical considerations that have arisen during the design and implementation of ?he health examination surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Three major areas of concern are discussed: sharing information from the study, banking and using banked tissue samples, and obligations for future testing of subjects. Specific concerns of sharing information include: when to inform, whom to inform, maintaining confidentiality, and how to inform individuals. Specific concerns of determining when sera will be banked and using banked samples include: depletion of samples for quality control, obtaining informed consent for unanticipated uses, access by others, and requests for batches of samples. Finally, specific concerns regarding future testing of subjects include: retesting for verification, retesting for interpretation, testing for different risk factors. and follow-up. Although existing surveys can provide experience or even suggest guidelines, the uniqueness of any new survey will generate unique ethical problems, requiring the careful formulation of unique solutions.
RP WAGENER, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 2
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 103
SU 3
BP 75
EP 80
DI 10.2307/3432564
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QY257
UT WOS:A1995QY25700011
PM 7635116
ER
PT J
AU NEEDHAM, LL
HILL, RH
ASHLEY, DL
PIRKLE, JL
SAMPSON, EJ
AF NEEDHAM, LL
HILL, RH
ASHLEY, DL
PIRKLE, JL
SAMPSON, EJ
TI THE PRIORITY TOXICANT REFERENCE RANGE STUDY - INTERIM-REPORT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Human Tissue Monitoring and Specimen Banking -
Opportunities for Exposure Assessment, Risk Assessment, and
Epidemiologic Research
CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993
CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC
SP US EPA, UNIV N CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
DE PRIORITY TOXICANT REFERENCE RANGE STUDY; PESTICIDES; URINE; VOLATILE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS); BLOOD; NHANES III
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS;
GENERAL-POPULATION; HUMAN BLOOD; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BENZENE; URINE;
RESIDUES; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE
AB The relationship between human exposure to environmental toxicants and health effects is of utmost interest to public health scientists. To define this relationship, these scientists need accurate and precise methods for assessing human exposure and effects. One of the most accurate and precise means of assessing exposure is to measure the level of the toxicant or its primary metabolite in a biologic specimen; this has been defined as measuring the internal dose. This measurement must be quantitative to best study the dose-response relationship. Pertinent questions asked during an exposure assessment include ''How do the levels of a given toxicant in a particular population compare with the levels of that toxicant in other populations?'' and ''What is the prevalence of exposure to that toxicant in other populations!'' To answer these questions for two chemical classes of environmental toxicants, we developed state-of-the-art analytic methods and then applied them to measure the levels of 44 environmental toxicants in biologic specimens from 1000 United Stales residents who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). These 1000 people are a cross-sectional subset of the NHANES III population and were selected from urban and rural communities in four regions of the United States; ail were between 20 and 59 years of age. This subset is not a probability-based sample. The 44 environmental toxicants are 32 volatile organic compounds, which are measured at parts-per-trillion levels in whole blood, and 11 phenols and one phenoxy acid, which are measured at parts-per-billion levels in urine. We present statistical data for these toxicants in a large portion of our study's population. These analytic measurements have not been compared to any demographic characteristics, such as age and race, in this interim report. In addition, we also give examples of how the methods we developed and the reference range data we gathered have been used to assess exposure in other populations.
RP NEEDHAM, LL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 103
SU 3
BP 89
EP 94
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QY257
UT WOS:A1995QY25700014
PM 7635119
ER
PT J
AU QUICK, RE
THOMPSON, BL
ZUNIGA, A
DOMINGUEZ, G
DEBRIZUELA, EL
DEPALMA, O
ALMEIDA, S
VALENCIA, A
RIES, AA
BEAN, NH
BLAKE, PA
AF QUICK, RE
THOMPSON, BL
ZUNIGA, A
DOMINGUEZ, G
DEBRIZUELA, EL
DEPALMA, O
ALMEIDA, S
VALENCIA, A
RIES, AA
BEAN, NH
BLAKE, PA
TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN RURAL EL SALVADOR - RISK-FACTORS IN A REGION COVERED
BY A CHOLERA PREVENTION CAMPAIGN
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID PERU; TRANSMISSION; WATER
AB In response to the Latin American cholera epidemic, El Salvador began a prevention programme in April 1991. The first case was confirmed in August, and 700 cases were reported within 3 months. A matched case-control study was conducted in rural La Libertad Department in November 1991. Illness was associated with eating cold cooked or raw seafood (odds ratio [OR] = 7.0; 95 % confidence limits [CL]= 1.4, 35.0) and with drinking water outside the home (OR = 8.8; 95 % CL = 1.7, 44.6). Assertion of knowledge about how to prevent cholera (OR = 0.2; 95 % CL = 0.1, 0.8) and eating rice (OR = 0.2; 95 % CL = 0.1, 0.8) were protective. More controls than patients regularly used soap (OR = 0.3; 95 % CL = 0.1, 1.0). This study demonstrated three important points for cholera prevention: (1) seafood should be eaten cooked and hot (2) populations at risk should be taught to treat household drinking water and to avoid drinking water outside the home unless it is known to be treated; and (3) education about hygiene can be an important, tool in preventing cholera.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
PAN AMER HLTH ORG,SAN SALVADOR,EL SALVADOR.
MINIST PUBL HLTH & SOCIAL ASSISTANCE,SAN SALVADOR,EL SALVADOR.
RP QUICK, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 21
TC 13
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0950-2688
J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT
JI Epidemiol. Infect.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 114
IS 2
BP 249
EP 255
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT646
UT WOS:A1995QT64600003
PM 7705488
ER
PT J
AU LUM, MR
AF LUM, MR
TI ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC-HEALTH - FUTURE-DIRECTION, FUTURE SKILLS
SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE COMMUNITY HEALTH; COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH;
HEALTH RISK COMMUNICATION; PUBLIC HEALTH
AB The nation's community health practitioners must take environmental public health more seriously. Today, the impact of changing ecosystems on human health, particularly relative to infectious disease, is evident. Hazardous substances, such as lead-based paint, also affect human health, particularly children's health. Embedding health communication, cultural competence, and community involvement into public health practice will help practitioners deal with the scientific uncertainty often associated with linking hazardous substance exposure to illness, injury, and disease. A new paradigm of medical assistance is needed to provide information and services.
RP LUM, MR (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOXIC SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH EDUC,ATLANTA,GA, USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ASPEN PUBL INC
PI FREDERICK
PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21701
SN 0160-6379
J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH
JI Fam. Community Health
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 1
BP 24
EP 35
PG 12
WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QM138
UT WOS:A1995QM13800005
ER
PT J
AU KHANNA, B
ISRAEL, N
LASTOVICA, A
GOLD, BD
AF KHANNA, B
ISRAEL, N
LASTOVICA, A
GOLD, BD
TI COMPARISON OF TOTAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G AND SUBCLASS RESPONSE (IGG I-IV) TO
HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN VERSUS ADULTS
SO GASTROENTEROLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
RED CROSS CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CAPE TOWN,SOUTH AFRICA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0016-5085
J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY
JI Gastroenterology
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 108
IS 4
SU S
BP A130
EP A130
PG 1
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA QT863
UT WOS:A1995QT86300516
ER
PT J
AU NUSS, R
SMITH, PS
COTTON, D
KISKER, T
BROWN, R
COHEN, A
GOLDMAN, J
PENNBRIDGE, J
HANNAN, J
AF NUSS, R
SMITH, PS
COTTON, D
KISKER, T
BROWN, R
COHEN, A
GOLDMAN, J
PENNBRIDGE, J
HANNAN, J
TI COMMUNICATION ABOUT SAFER SEX AND SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE IN HIV-POSITIVE
ADOLESCENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA
SO HAEMOPHILIA
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV; ADOLESCENTS; HEMOPHILIA; SEX BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION
ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS EDUCATION;
RISK BEHAVIOR; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; STUDENTS; CONDOMS; NORMS
AB Objectives. To assess the attitudes, beliefs and feelings of adolscents and young men with severe haemophilia with respect to discussing safer sex and disclosing their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity to potential sex partners.
Methods. Fifty-nine males with haemophilia from throughout the US answered open-ended questions.
Results. Talking about avoidance of transmitting AIDS and disclosing one's seropositivity was beneficial, moral and wise. Nevertheless, this was exceedingly difficult, unpleasant, and fraught with fear of rejection and alienation. Communication was approved by family, friends, and health-care providers. Facilitators of communication were: knowledge and an accepting attitude about persons with HIV, a supportive person to assist with discussion, and environmental cues.
Conclusion. This first report of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults reveals that although they endorse discussing safer sex and disclosing their HIV seropositivity, they are painfully aware of the social and interpersonal risks of such extremely difficult communications.
C1 RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PEDIAT,IOWA CITY,IA 52242.
RP NUSS, R (reprint author), MT STATE REG HEMOPHILIA CTR,C-220 UCHSC,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA.
NR 26
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 1351-8216
J9 HAEMOPHILIA
JI Haemophilia
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 1
IS 2
BP 126
EP 130
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.1995.tb00053.x
PG 5
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA RJ494
UT WOS:A1995RJ49400009
PM 27214322
ER
PT J
AU GERSHON, RRM
VLAHOV, D
FARZADEGAN, H
ALTER, MJ
AF GERSHON, RRM
VLAHOV, D
FARZADEGAN, H
ALTER, MJ
TI OCCUPATIONAL RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, HEPATITIS-B VIRUS,
AND HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTIONS AMONG FUNERAL SERVICE PRACTITIONERS IN
MARYLAND
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEDICAL PERSONNEL; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; FINAL REPORT; EXPOSURE; PRECAUTIONS;
EFFICACY; VACCINE; TRIAL
AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of exposure and infection with bloodborne pathogens, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted among funeral service practitioners (FSPs) in Maryland.
METHOD: Of 262 members of the Maryland State Funeral Directors Association, 130 (49%) volunteered to participate in the study. In addition to a brief questionnaire, designed to assess both occupational and non-occupational risk factors for bloodborne pathogen infection, participants were screened for markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and past hepatitis B virus (HBV). Titers for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) also were examined and compared with history of hepatitis B vaccination.
RESULTS: Seroprevalence for HIV, HBV, and HCV infection was 0.8%, 4.6%, and 0%, respectively. Nearly 19% of participants reported at least one bloodborne exposure in the past 6 months. The one HIV infection and all but two of the HBV infections were correlated with well-established non-occupational risk behaviors. Disposable gloves were worn by 96%, and eating, drinking, or smoking during embalming were-infrequent. Sixty-one percent of FSPs reported having received one or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine at some time in the past. Of those who reported having received all three doses of vaccine, 67% had adequate titers to hepatitis B surface antibody, the marker of protection related to vaccination.
CONCLUSION: Compared with prior studies of FSPs, this study found a low rate of occupational exposures and a high rate of hepatitis B vaccination, suggesting improved compliance with recommendations for preventing transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP GERSHON, RRM (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,615 N WOLFE ST,RM 1013,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA.
NR 15
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 4
BP 194
EP 197
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QR448
UT WOS:A1995QR44800002
PM 7636165
ER
PT J
AU VANDENENDE, J
KUMAR, V
VANGOMPEL, A
VANDENENDEN, E
PUTTEMANS, A
GEERTS, M
LEVY, J
COLEBUNDERS, R
EBERHARD, ML
AF VANDENENDE, J
KUMAR, V
VANGOMPEL, A
VANDENENDEN, E
PUTTEMANS, A
GEERTS, M
LEVY, J
COLEBUNDERS, R
EBERHARD, ML
TI SUBCUTANEOUS DIROFILARIASIS CAUSED BY DIROFILARIA (NOCHTIELLA) REPENS IN
A BELGIAN PATIENT
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID MALARIA; SPAIN
C1 UNIV ANTWERP HOSP,ANTWERP,BELGIUM.
HOP ST PIERRE & ERASME,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM.
CLIN ST JEAN,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM.
US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP VANDENENDE, J (reprint author), INST TROP MED,KRONENBURGSTR 433,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 4 HUGHSON ST, PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON ON L8N 3K7, CANADA
SN 0011-9059
J9 INT J DERMATOL
JI Int. J. Dermatol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 34
IS 4
BP 274
EP 277
PG 4
WC Dermatology
SC Dermatology
GA QP906
UT WOS:A1995QP90600013
PM 7790145
ER
PT J
AU MCDERMOTT, JM
STEKETEE, R
WIRIMA, J
AF MCDERMOTT, JM
STEKETEE, R
WIRIMA, J
TI MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE GESTATION IN MALAWI
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TWINS
AB Background. Multiple gestation is associated with increased maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality. The prevalence of multiple gestation varies widely with the highest rates reported among populations in Africa. There have been few population-based studies of the impact of multiple gestation on pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods. Data from a 1987-1990 prospective study of the effect of malaria chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women on birthweight and mortality of their infants in a rural area of Malawi were used to estimate the prevalence of multiple gestation and to quantify the risk of mortality associated with multiple gestation compared with single gestation.
Results. There were 88 (2.2%) multiple gestations among 4049 women. Mortality was high; only 38% of mothers were known to have all their infants survive to 1 year, compared with 74% in singleton gestations. The increased mortality associated with multiple gestation was due to two factors: a higher frequency of low birthweight and a fourfold increase in perinatal mortality among the infants with birthweights greater than or equal to 2500 g and among infants with unknown birthweight. We estimated that multiple gestation contributes to 5.5% of the perinatal, 1.2% of the postperinatal, acid 11.5% of the maternal deaths in this population.
Conclusion. Multiple gestation in Malawi contributed to increased perinatal and maternal mortality, but did not increase the risk of mortality after the perinatal period.
RP MCDERMOTT, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 14
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 24
IS 2
BP 413
EP 419
DI 10.1093/ije/24.2.413
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RA032
UT WOS:A1995RA03200021
PM 7635604
ER
PT J
AU LUMMUS, ZL
HENNINGSEN, G
AF LUMMUS, ZL
HENNINGSEN, G
TI MODULATION OF T-CELL ONTOGENY BY TRANSPLACENTAL BENZO(A)PYRENE
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE MURINE FETAL T-CELLS; T-CELL ANTIGENS; BENZO(A)PYRENE
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EPOXIDE-DNA ADDUCTS; COKE-OVEN
WORKERS; SPLENIC LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MOUSE; MICE;
BENZOPYRENE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; EXPOSURE
AB Transplacental exposure to the carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene BaP, leads to depressed immune function and increased tumor incidence in mice. This paper reports ontogenetic T-cell changes in BALB/c mice after exposure to BaP in utero. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to fetal liver T-cells (FLT) and newborn spleen (NBS) lymphocytes purified from offspring of pregnant BALB/c mice that were given one injection of BaP (150 mg/kg body weight) in mid-gestation (day 11-13). The MAbs reacted with two T-cell membrane antigens (FLT and NBS) found in fetal liver, neonataI and adult thymus and spleen. Lymphocytes of BaP-exposed 19-day fetuses showed decreased subpopulation frequencies (P<0.05) in fetal liver total T-ceIls (from 56% to 16%), Lyl cells (from 33% to 9%), and Ly2 cells (from 56% to 1%) compared with untreated controls. In contrast, BaP increased the subpopulation frequencies (P<0.05) in FLT cells in fetal liver (from 20% to 52%) and in newborn spleen (from 21% to 51%), and increased NBS cells in newborn spleen (from 24% to 59%). The increased frequency in FLT and NBS cells was due to their relative resistance to BaP toxicity and/or BaP-enhanced proliferation in the neonatal period. Compared with untreated controls, BaP treatment resulted in reduced numbers of T-cells in fetal liver and showed a selective toxicity for Lyl cells (89% reduction) and Ly2 cells (99% reduction), whereas FLT cells were not reduced and NBS cells were reduced by 60%. Six-week-old juvenile mice exposed to BaP in utero showed recovery of total T-cells to control levels in spleen and thymus, but showed depletion (P<0.01) in thymic FLT cells (from 81% to 12%) and in splenic NBS cells (from 55% to 16%). The monoclonal antibodies developed for this study recognize novel cellular changes in the murine immune system that are associated with transplacental BaP. The FLT and NBS antigens may be useful biomarkers for developmental immune dysfunctions in progeny exposed to BaP in utero.
C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
NR 34
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0192-0561
J9 INT J IMMUNOPHARMACO
JI Int. J. Immunopharmacol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 17
IS 4
BP 339
EP 350
DI 10.1016/0192-0561(94)00098-9
PG 12
WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA RC161
UT WOS:A1995RC16100010
PM 7672884
ER
PT J
AU YEH, HC
MUGGENBURG, BA
GUILMETTE, RA
SNIPES, MB
TURNER, RS
JONES, RK
SMITH, JP
AF YEH, HC
MUGGENBURG, BA
GUILMETTE, RA
SNIPES, MB
TURNER, RS
JONES, RK
SMITH, JP
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AEROSOLS PRODUCED DURING TOTAL HIP-REPLACEMENT
SURGERY IN DOGS WITH CR-51-LABELED BLOOD
SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB There is increasing concern over the potential inhalation hazard to health care workers from blood-borne pathogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that inhalable, blood-associated aerosols are produced during orthopedic surgery. However, the identification and quantitative estimation of blood-associated aerosols have been based upon simple ''dipstick'' analysis of the collected samples. In order to confirm the presence of these blood-associated aerosols and to estimate the amount produced, the red blood cells of five dogs were radiolabeled with Cr-51 before aerosol samples were taken during total hip replacement procedures. Various aerosol sampling devices including a Marple personal cascade impactor, two Lovelace multi-jet impactors, and air filters were used. The Marple personal cascade impactor was worn by the surgeon. One Lovelave multi-jet impactor was sampled near the surgical site, while the other Lovelace impactor and the filter samples were taken through a probe located near the surgical site. The samples were subjected to gravimetric analyses, and blood contents were assessed by Chemstrip 9 analysis and by radioactivity counting. Results confirmed that blood-associated aerosols were produced during orthopedic surgery. The time-averaged mass concentration near the surgical site, as measured by the personal impactor, was 0.37 mg m(-3);of that amount, 6.5 mu g m(-3) (1.8 % of the total mass concentration) was attributed to red blood cells (RBCs). The estimated number of RBCs or hemoglobin that might be inhaled by a surgeon without any respiratory protection during the course of an orthopedic surgery was about 2.9 x 10(5) RBCs or 8.7 mu g of hemoglobin. About 60% of the RBCs were associated with particles larger than 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter, and about 8% of the RBCs were associated with particles less that 0.5 mu m. The number ratio between the RBCs and lymphocytes for humans is about 2200:1; thus, the estimated number of lymphocytes that might be inhaled by a surgeon without any respiratory protection during the course of an orthopedic surgery would be less than 135. To assess the significance of our finding on the potential risk to health care workers will require further studies of the relationship between pathogens and particle sizes and the viablity of pathogens associated with these blood-associated aerosols.
C1 LOVELACE HLTH SYST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM.
NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
RP YEH, HC (reprint author), INHALAT TOXICOL RES INST,POB 5890,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0021-8502
J9 J AEROSOL SCI
JI J. Aerosol. Sci.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 26
IS 3
BP 511
EP 518
DI 10.1016/0021-8502(94)00119-J
PG 8
WC Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA QW106
UT WOS:A1995QW10600012
ER
PT J
AU NOEL, JS
LEE, TW
KURTZ, JB
GLASS, RI
MONROE, SS
AF NOEL, JS
LEE, TW
KURTZ, JB
GLASS, RI
MONROE, SS
TI TYPING OF HUMAN ASTROVIRUSES FROM CLINICAL ISOLATES BY
ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RNA SEQUENCE;
CHILDREN; VIRUSES; SEROTYPES; DIARRHEA; ADENOVIRUS; CENTERS
AB A typing enzyme immunoassay (TYPE-EIA) was used to determine the antigenic types of 64 astrovirus-positive specimens from nine collections from seven countries, Six of the seven known astrovirus types were detected in the collections, with HAstV-1 predominating in all collections except for one from the United Kingdom. Selected specimens were analyzed further by reverse transcriptase PCR and nucleotide sequencing of 348 bp within the capsid protein precursor region of the genome. The phylogenetic groupings (genotypes) determined from the sequences were entirely consistent with the antigenic groupings (serotypes) of isolates obtained by using the TYPE-EIA. The genetic variation within genotypes was small compared with the variation between genotypes, allowing unambiguous categorization of all specimens. Although some strains from widely separated geographic areas had identical sequences, in general, within a region most strains of the same type were identical. The TYPE-EIA may help further our understanding of the epidemiology of astrovirus and the possible role of serotype-specific immunity, while further knowledge of sequences could facilitate the development of simpler molecular methods of typing astrovirus strains.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT VIROL,PUBL HLTH LAB,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND.
OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X
NR 47
TC 226
Z9 246
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 4
BP 797
EP 801
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QM888
UT WOS:A1995QM88800004
PM 7790440
ER
PT J
AU FACKLAM, R
PIGOTT, N
FRANKLIN, R
ELLIOTT, J
AF FACKLAM, R
PIGOTT, N
FRANKLIN, R
ELLIOTT, J
TI EVALUATION OF 3 DISK TESTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROCOCCI,
LEUCONOSTOCS, AND PEDIOCOCCI
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCI; INFECTION
AB Simple rapid tests for presumptive identification of catalase-negative non-beta-hemolytic cocci (i.e., enterococci, leuconostocs, and pediococci) have not previously been available. Seven hundred thirty-four strains of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-beta-hemolytic gram-positive cocci were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin (Van(s)) by a screening procedure and production of leucine aminopeptidase (LAPase) and pyrrolidonylarylamidase (PYRase) in disk tests. Three unique patterns of activity in response to the three disks (30 mu g of vancomycin, PYRase, and LAPase) can be used to presumptively identify the vancomycin-resistant (Van(r)) enterococci (Van(r) and PYRase and LAPase positive), leuconostocs (Van(r) and PYRase and LAPase negative), and pediococci (Van(r), PYRase negative, and LAPase positive). The results indicate that, together with Gram stain characteristics and the catalase test, the vancomycin, LAPase, and PYRase disk tests can be used to presumptively identify Van(r) strains of enterococci as well as Leuconostoc and Pediococcus strains from human infections.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 17
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 4
BP 885
EP 887
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QM888
UT WOS:A1995QM88800021
PM 7790454
ER
PT J
AU VISVESVARA, GS
DASILVA, AJ
CROPPO, GP
PIENIAZEK, NJ
LEITCH, GJ
FERGUSON, D
DEMOURA, H
WALLACE, S
SLEMENDA, SB
TYRRELL, I
MOORE, DF
MEADOR, J
AF VISVESVARA, GS
DASILVA, AJ
CROPPO, GP
PIENIAZEK, NJ
LEITCH, GJ
FERGUSON, D
DEMOURA, H
WALLACE, S
SLEMENDA, SB
TYRRELL, I
MOORE, DF
MEADOR, J
TI IN-VITRO CULTURE AND SEROLOGIC AND MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION OF
SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS ISOLATED FROM URINE OF A PATIENT WITH AIDS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHRONIC DIARRHEA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; N-SP; MICROSPORIDIA; DISSEMINATION;
SEQUENCE
AB Microsporidian spores were identified, on the basis of Weber's staining, in urine, stool, nasal, and saliva samples of an AIDS patient with diarrhea, hematuria, dysuria, and dementia. Urine and stool samples contained numerous spores, whereas few spores were seen in the nasal and saliva samples. Spores were concentrated from urine samples and inoculated into monkey kidney cell (E6) monolayers. After 6 to 8 weeks of culture, infected E6 cells filled with spores as well as spores free in the culture supernatants were seen daily. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all stages of the parasite (CDC:V297) developed within septated, honeycomb-shaped parasitophorous vacuoles. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies using rabbit anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi, anti-Encephalitozoon hellem, and anti-CDC:V297 sera revealed that CDC:V297 reacted intensely with the homologous serum but minimally with the heterologous sera. DNA isolated from CDC:V297, when PCR amplified with E. hellem and E. cuniculi primers, did not produce the diagnostic bands of similar to 547 and similar to 549 bp characteristic of E. hellem and E. cuniculi, respectively. On the basis of these studies, we concluded that CDC:V297 fits the description of Septata intestinalis.
C1 MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310.
ORANGE CTY PUBL HLTH LAB,SANTA ANA,CA.
RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
OI Ferguson, David/0000-0001-5045-819X
FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]
NR 22
TC 84
Z9 85
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 4
BP 930
EP 936
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QM888
UT WOS:A1995QM88800031
PM 7790463
ER
PT J
AU FUJITA, SI
LASKER, BA
LOTT, TJ
REISS, E
MORRISON, CJ
AF FUJITA, SI
LASKER, BA
LOTT, TJ
REISS, E
MORRISON, CJ
TI MICROTITRATION PLATE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY TO DETECT PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA FROM
CANDIDA SPECIES IN BLOOD
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; ALBICANS;
AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYBRIDIZATION; PROBES;
CANCER; GENE
AB We developed a microtitration plate enzyme immunoassay to detect PCR-amplified DNA from Candida species. Nucleotide sequences derived from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungal rDNA were used to develop species-specific oligonucleotide probes for Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei. No cross-hybridization was detected with any other fungal, bacterial, or human DNAs tested. In contrast, a C. (Torulopsis) glabrata probe cross-reacted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA but with no other DNAs tested. Genomic DNA purified from C. albicans blastoconidia suspended in blood was amplified by PCR with fungus-specific universal primers ITS3 and ITS4. With the C. albicans-specific probe labeled with digoxigenin, a biotinylated capture probe, and streptavidin-coated microtitration plates, amplified DNA from as few as two C. albicans cells per 0.2 ml of blood could be detected by enzyme immunoassay.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
KANAZAWA UNIV HOSP,CENT CLIN LAB,KANAZAWA,ISHIKAWA,JAPAN.
NR 37
TC 113
Z9 118
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 4
BP 962
EP 967
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QM888
UT WOS:A1995QM88800037
PM 7790469
ER
PT J
AU JOHNSON, SR
MARTIN, DH
CAMMARATA, C
MORSE, SA
AF JOHNSON, SR
MARTIN, DH
CAMMARATA, C
MORSE, SA
TI ALTERATIONS IN SAMPLE PREPARATION INCREASE SENSITIVITY OF PCR ASSAY FOR
DIAGNOSIS OF CHANCROID
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI
AB A PCR assay for the detection of Haemophilus ducreyi in clinical specimens taken from genital ulcers was developed. Although H. ducreyi, when present in such specimens, could be detected by PCR, the sensitivity of the assay was reduced by the presence of Taq polymerase inhibitors in the specimen. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was improved by the use of detergents in preparing nucleic acids from clinical specimens and by the inclusion of a dialysis step prior to amplification. In addition, sodium phosphate included in the transport medium was found to be an inhibitor of the Taq polymerase.
C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112.
RP JOHNSON, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,D13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 10
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 4
BP 1036
EP 1038
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QM888
UT WOS:A1995QM88800058
PM 7790433
ER
PT J
AU VALDISERRI, RO
AULTMAN, TV
CURRAN, JW
AF VALDISERRI, RO
AULTMAN, TV
CURRAN, JW
TI COMMUNITY-PLANNING - A NATIONAL, STRATEGY TO IMPROVE HIV PREVENTION
PROGRAMS
SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROMOTION; AIDS
AB Beginning in fiscal year (FY) 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with health departments and other human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention partners, set in motion a significant innovation in HIV prevention programs: HIV Prevention Community Planning. This process, implemented by all 65 health departments receiving HIV prevention funds from CDC, requires that the identification and prioritization of HIV prevention needs be a shared responsibility between the health departments administering the funds and representatives of the affected communities for whom the services are intended. Guidance for this planning process strongly embraces the notion that high priority HIV prevention strategies and interventions must have a sound basis in behavioral and social science and that program planning must begin with an accurate assessment of the epidemiology of the current and projected future HIV epidemic. Rather than mandate a single standardized process for all of the 65 jurisdictions, CDC guidance provides flexibility for each jurisdiction to configure a planning process responsive to its own unique circumstances. However, all planning activities must be guided by 13 essential principles. This article will describe the principles and logistics of HIV Prevention Community Planning, identify the potential program benefits of this new undertaking, and describe implementation challenges.
RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,PROGRAM OPERAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 40
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 2
PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578
SN 0094-5145
J9 J COMMUN HEALTH
JI J. Community Health
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 2
BP 87
EP 100
DI 10.1007/BF02260331
PG 14
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QZ270
UT WOS:A1995QZ27000004
PM 7642797
ER
PT J
AU GIST, GL
BURG, JAR
AF GIST, GL
BURG, JAR
TI METHODOLOGY FOR SELECTING SUBSTANCES FOR THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE REGISTRY
SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The National Exposure Registry was created in response to the pervasiveness of chemical contamination at the nation's waste sites and the relative lack of information on human health outcomes associated with long-term, low-level exposure to most of these substances. A ranking scheme was developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to select the substances for which substance-specific subregistries of the National Exposure Registry would be developed. This scheme uses a general decision analysis approach that incorporates the most relevant and up-to-date data available on the substances found at sites known to ATSDR. There are currently four general subregistries (volatile organic compounds, dioxins, heavy metals, and radioactive substances) made up of persons exposed to specific primary contaminants, as selected by means of this ranking scheme.
RP GIST, GL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC
PI PRINCETON
PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543
SN 1053-4245
J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID
JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol.
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 5
IS 2
BP 197
EP 208
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA RR234
UT WOS:A1995RR23400007
PM 7492906
ER
PT J
AU POPOVIC, T
WHARTON, M
WENGER, JD
MCINTYRE, L
WACHSMUTH, IK
AF POPOVIC, T
WHARTON, M
WENGER, JD
MCINTYRE, L
WACHSMUTH, IK
TI ARE WE READY FOR DIPHTHERIA - A REPORT FROM THE DIPHTHERIA DIAGNOSTIC
WORKSHOP, ATLANTA, 11 AND 12 JULY 1994
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID IMMUNITY; TETANUS
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP POPOVIC, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 7
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 765
EP 767
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200001
PM 7706801
ER
PT J
AU ZEITZ, PS
BUTLER, JC
CHEEK, JE
SAMUEL, MC
CHILDS, JE
SHANDS, LA
TURNER, RE
VOORHEES, RE
SARISKY, J
ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
CHAPMAN, L
REEF, SE
KOMATSU, KK
DALTON, C
KREBS, JW
MAUPIN, GO
GAGE, K
SEWELL, CM
BREIMAN, RF
PETERS, CJ
AF ZEITZ, PS
BUTLER, JC
CHEEK, JE
SAMUEL, MC
CHILDS, JE
SHANDS, LA
TURNER, RE
VOORHEES, RE
SARISKY, J
ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
CHAPMAN, L
REEF, SE
KOMATSU, KK
DALTON, C
KREBS, JW
MAUPIN, GO
GAGE, K
SEWELL, CM
BREIMAN, RF
PETERS, CJ
TI A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME DURING AN OUTBREAK
IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; HANTAAN
AB In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurred in the southwestern United States. A case-control study determined risk factors for HPS. Seventeen case-patients were compared with 3 groups of controls: members of case-patient households (household controls), members of neighboring households (near controls), and members of randomly selected households greater than or equal to 24 km away (far controls). Investigators trapped more small rodents at case households than at near (P = .03) or far control households (P = .02). After the number of small rodents was controlled for, case-patients were more likely than household controls to hand plow (odds ratio [OR], 12.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-143.0) or to clean feed storage areas (OR, 33.4; 95% CI, 1.7-666.0). Case-patients were more likely than near controls to plant (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.1-34.0) and more likely than far controls to clean animal sheds (OR, 11.9; 95% CI, 1.4-103.0). Peridomestic cleaning, agricultural activities, and an increased number of small rodents at the household were associated with HPS.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,FT COLLINS,CO.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,FT COLLINS,CO.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO.
INDIAN HLTH SERV,HQ W,ALBUQUERQUE,NM.
NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM.
NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,WINDOW ROCK,AZ.
ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ.
COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO.
RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012;
OI Zeitz, Paul/0000-0002-0865-088X
NR 27
TC 88
Z9 91
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 864
EP 870
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200015
PM 7706812
ER
PT J
AU BUTLER, JC
BREIMAN, RF
LIPMAN, HB
HOFMANN, J
FACKLAM, RR
AF BUTLER, JC
BREIMAN, RF
LIPMAN, HB
HOFMANN, J
FACKLAM, RR
TI SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS AMONG
PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1978-1994 - IMPLICATIONS FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF A CONJUGATE VACCINE
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE;
ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; B DISEASE; CHILDHOOD; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
PNEUMOLYSIN; MENINGITIS; PROTECTION
AB Conjugation of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens to a protein carrier may improve protective immunity after vaccination of young children, an age group with high incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and poor immune responses to polysaccharide vaccines. To identify serotypes most commonly associated with infection in young children, pneumococcal isolates were serotyped from 3884 children <6 years old (including 3007 <2 years old) with pneumococcal bacteremia (n = 3169), meningitis (n = 401), or otitis media (n = 314). The isolates were submitted as part of a national surveillance during 1978-1994. Seven serotypes (14, 6B, 19F, 18C, 23F, 4, and 9V) accounted for 3045 isolates (78%). A conjugate pneumococcal vaccine protecting against these seven serotypes and serologically cross-reactive serotypes could potentially prevent 86% of bacteremia and 83% of meningitis but only 65% of otitis media cases. The proportion of isolates covered by such a vaccine increased from 78% to 87% during 1978-1994. Surveillance for pneumococcal serotypes causing infection is needed to detect shifts in serotype distribution over time.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP BUTLER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 49
TC 205
Z9 208
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 885
EP 889
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200018
PM 7706815
ER
PT J
AU JONES, JL
FLEMING, PL
CIESIELSKI, CA
HU, DJ
KAPLAN, JE
WARD, JW
AF JONES, JL
FLEMING, PL
CIESIELSKI, CA
HU, DJ
KAPLAN, JE
WARD, JW
TI COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AMONG PERSONS WITH AIDS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; DISSEMINATION; THERAPY; IMMITIS;
HUMANS; AREA
AB Adults and adolescents diagnosed with AIDS from 1987 through 1992 residing in counties endemic (selected counties in California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah) and not endemic for Coccidioides immitis were assessed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for disseminated coccidioidomycosis, Of 602 AIDS patients reported with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, 323 (1.1% of AIDS patients) resided in C. immitis-endemic counties and 279 (0.1% of AIDS patients) resided in C. immitis-nonendemic counties in 35 states. In multivariate analysis, patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis in C. immitis-endemic counties were more likely to be injecting drug users (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-3.7) and blood product recipients (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-8.3) than to be homosexual or bisexual men, Of patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, 63% had died by 1 year after AIDS diagnosis, Disseminated coccidioidomycosis should be considered in AIDS patients in all areas of the United States.
RP JONES, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 36
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 961
EP 966
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200029
PM 7706825
ER
PT J
AU VITEK, CR
GRACIA, FI
GIUSTI, R
FUKUDA, K
GREEN, DB
CASTILLO, LC
ARMIEN, B
KHABBAZ, RF
LEVINE, PH
KAPLAN, JE
BLATTNER, WA
AF VITEK, CR
GRACIA, FI
GIUSTI, R
FUKUDA, K
GREEN, DB
CASTILLO, LC
ARMIEN, B
KHABBAZ, RF
LEVINE, PH
KAPLAN, JE
BLATTNER, WA
TI EVIDENCE FOR SEXUAL AND MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN
T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II AMONG GUAYMI INDIANS, PANAMA
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA VIRUS; HTLV-II; INFECTION
AB Guaymi Indians, a non-intravenous drug-using population in which human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) is endemic, were studied in Changuinola, Panama, to identify the prevalence and modes of transmission of HTLV-II, A population-based survey showed that 352 (9.5%) of the 3686 participants were seropositive for HTLV-II, Infection rates were the same for male and female subjects and increased significantly with age, beginning in young adulthood. HTLV-II infection status was highly concordant among spouses (P < .001) and between mother and child; of children aged 1-10 years, 36 of 219 born to seropositive mothers were seropositive compared with 3 of 997 born to seronegative mothers (P < .001), The strong associations of HTLV-II infection with age and with an infected spouse in adults and of infection in children with infection in their mothers strongly suggest sexual and mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-II in this population.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA.
NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NR 15
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 1022
EP 1026
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200040
PM 7706781
ER
PT J
AU SHEFER, A
DALES, L
NELSON, M
WERNER, B
BARON, R
JACKSON, R
AF SHEFER, A
DALES, L
NELSON, M
WERNER, B
BARON, R
JACKSON, R
TI USE AND SAFETY OF ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE AMONG ADULT HOSPITAL STAFF
DURING AN OUTBREAK OF PERTUSSIS
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID INFECTION
AB During May and June 1993, 10 patients and 5 members of the clinical staff at a hospital in California were diagnosed with Bordetella pertussis infection, In addition to erythromycin prophylaxis, 630 (48%) of 1330 staff members received a half dose of acellular pertussis vaccine with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (DTaP), To identify side effects of the vaccine, a questionnaire was completed by 344 (54%) of 630 vaccinated staff, Side effects were reported by 117 respondents (34%); 64 were classified as mild (local reaction at injection site) and 50 as moderate (systemic complaints or local reaction resulting in limitation of arm movement), Three vaccinees (<1%) reported missing 1 or more days of work because of their symptoms. Local reactions at the injection site occurred in 100 (29%), systemic symptoms in 38 (11%), and limitation of arm movement in 18 (5%), This study indicates that use of half dose of DTaP in adults appears safe and should be considered as an adjunct to chemoprophylaxis during institutional outbreaks.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94704.
NR 15
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 1053
EP 1056
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200048
PM 7706789
ER
PT J
AU GAMBEL, JM
DEFRAITES, R
HOKE, C
BROWN, A
SANCHEZ, J
KARABATSOS, N
TSAI, T
MESCHIEVITZ, C
AF GAMBEL, JM
DEFRAITES, R
HOKE, C
BROWN, A
SANCHEZ, J
KARABATSOS, N
TSAI, T
MESCHIEVITZ, C
TI JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE - PERSISTENCE OF ANTIBODY UP TO 3 YEARS
AFTER A 3-DOSE PRIMARY SERIES
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Letter
ID NEUTRALIZATION
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CONNAUGHT LABS INC,SWIFTWATER,PA 18370.
RP GAMBEL, JM (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA.
NR 3
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 4
BP 1074
EP 1074
PG 1
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QP912
UT WOS:A1995QP91200062
PM 7706798
ER
PT J
AU NOMURA, GS
PATTERSON, DG
AF NOMURA, GS
PATTERSON, DG
TI SYNTHESIS OF 3,5,6-TRICHLOROPYRIDIN-2-OL-2,3,4,5,6-C-13(5)-N-15 - A
METABOLITE OF O,O-DIETHYL-O-(3,5,6-TRICHLORO-2-PYRIDYL)PHOSPHOROTHIOATE
(CHLORPYRIFOS)
SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS
LA English
DT Article
DE CHLORPYRIFOS; 3,5,6-TRICHLOROPYRIDIN-2-OL; STABLE ISOTOPE; QUANTITATION;
INTERNAL STANDARD
AB A stable isotope-labelled analog of 3,5,5-trichloropyridin-2-ol has been synthesized. 3,5,6-Trichloropyridin-2-ol-2,3,4, 5,6-C-13(5)-N-15 was synthesized in a copper catalyzed cyclization from trichloroacetyl chloride-1,2-C-13(2) and acrylonitrile-1,2,3-C-13(3)-N-15.
RP NOMURA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0362-4803
J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD
JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 36
IS 4
BP 339
EP 343
DI 10.1002/jlcr.2580360406
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry,
Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry
GA QR179
UT WOS:A1995QR17900007
ER
PT J
AU BOXER, PA
BURNETT, C
SWANSON, N
AF BOXER, PA
BURNETT, C
SWANSON, N
TI SUICIDE AND OCCUPATION - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Review
ID PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY; BRITISH
PATHOLOGISTS; POLICE OFFICERS; WORKERS; DEATH; FARMERS; PHYSICIANS;
PATTERNS; DOCTORS
AB Suicide is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States. Suicide rates have been reported to be particularly high in professional, managerial, and executive groups. We reviewed English language epidemiological studies on suicide and occupation published since 1982. Some studies suggest that workers in a number of occupations, including chemistry, farming, and law enforcement, may have elevated suicide rates. The weight of current evidence supports the conclusion that both male and female physicians have elevated rates of suicide, with females at particularly high risk. Elevated rates of suicide in a particular occupational group may result from a complex interaction between job factors such as work stress and access to means and other risk factors such as age and presence of a mental disorder.
C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
NR 91
TC 76
Z9 77
U1 3
U2 11
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1076-2752
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED
JI J. Occup. Environ. Med.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP 442
EP 452
DI 10.1097/00043764-199504000-00016
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QT048
UT WOS:A1995QT04800009
PM 7670900
ER
PT J
AU DULIEGE, AM
AMOS, CI
FELTON, S
BIGGAR, RJ
ZIEGLER, J
CRUIKSHANK, M
LEVY, J
MEATES, MA
GIBB, D
MAYAUX, MJ
TEGLAS, JP
LAURENT, C
BLANCHE, S
ROUZIOUX, C
HELLINGGIESE, G
MATTNER, U
HOEGER, PH
CONLON, T
GRIFFIN, E
DEMARIA, A
BENEDETTO, A
PRINCIPI, N
GIAQUINTO, C
GIANCOMELLI, A
MOK, J
CASABONA, J
FORTUNY, C
URIZ, S
PEREZ, JM
TUSETRUIZ, MC
LEON, P
ELORZA, JFY
CANOSA, C
BRANDLE, B
SEGER, R
NADAL, D
IRION, O
WYLER, CA
DAVIS, P
LALLEMANT, M
LALLEMANTLECOEUR, S
HITIMANA, DG
LEPAGE, P
VANDEPERRE, P
DABIS, F
MARUM, L
NDUGWA, C
TINDYEBWA, D
ACENG, E
MMIRO, F
SUTONGAS, T
OLNESS, K
LAPOINTE, N
RUBINSTEIN, A
BURGE, D
STECHENBERG, BW
COOPER, E
REGAN, AM
SHIPKOWITZ, S
WIZNIA, A
BRUNELL, PA
COURVILLE, T
RUTSTEIN, R
MCINTOSH, K
PETRU, A
OLEARY, M
CHURCH, J
TAYLOR, S
SQUIRES, J
MALLORY, M
YOGEV, R
KLAUKE, B
RAKUSAN, T
PLUMLEY, S
SHELTON, MM
WILFERT, C
LANE, B
ABRAMS, EJ
RANA, S
CHANDAVASU, O
PUVABANDITSIN, S
CHOW, JH
SHAH, K
NACHMAN, S
ONEILL, R
SELWYN, P
SHOENBAUM, E
BARZILAI, A
WARFORD, R
GUPTA, A
AHERN, L
PAHWA, S
PNUGOTI, N
GARCIATRIAS, DE
BAKSHI, S
LANDESMAN, S
MENDEZ, H
MOROSO, G
MENDEZBAUTISTA, RD
FIKRIG, S
BELMAN, A
KLINE, MW
HANSON, C
EDELSON, P
HINDS, G
VANDYKE, R
CLARK, R
WARA, DW
MANIO, EB
JOHNSON, G
WELLS, L
JOHNSON, JP
ALGER, L
LUZURIAGA, K
MASTRUCCI, T
SUNKUTU, MR
RODRIGUEZ, Z
DOYLE, M
REUBEN, J
BRYSON, Y
DILLON, M
SIMPSON, BJ
ANDIMAN, W
URIBE, P
AF DULIEGE, AM
AMOS, CI
FELTON, S
BIGGAR, RJ
ZIEGLER, J
CRUIKSHANK, M
LEVY, J
MEATES, MA
GIBB, D
MAYAUX, MJ
TEGLAS, JP
LAURENT, C
BLANCHE, S
ROUZIOUX, C
HELLINGGIESE, G
MATTNER, U
HOEGER, PH
CONLON, T
GRIFFIN, E
DEMARIA, A
BENEDETTO, A
PRINCIPI, N
GIAQUINTO, C
GIANCOMELLI, A
MOK, J
CASABONA, J
FORTUNY, C
URIZ, S
PEREZ, JM
TUSETRUIZ, MC
LEON, P
ELORZA, JFY
CANOSA, C
BRANDLE, B
SEGER, R
NADAL, D
IRION, O
WYLER, CA
DAVIS, P
LALLEMANT, M
LALLEMANTLECOEUR, S
HITIMANA, DG
LEPAGE, P
VANDEPERRE, P
DABIS, F
MARUM, L
NDUGWA, C
TINDYEBWA, D
ACENG, E
MMIRO, F
SUTONGAS, T
OLNESS, K
LAPOINTE, N
RUBINSTEIN, A
BURGE, D
STECHENBERG, BW
COOPER, E
REGAN, AM
SHIPKOWITZ, S
WIZNIA, A
BRUNELL, PA
COURVILLE, T
RUTSTEIN, R
MCINTOSH, K
PETRU, A
OLEARY, M
CHURCH, J
TAYLOR, S
SQUIRES, J
MALLORY, M
YOGEV, R
KLAUKE, B
RAKUSAN, T
PLUMLEY, S
SHELTON, MM
WILFERT, C
LANE, B
ABRAMS, EJ
RANA, S
CHANDAVASU, O
PUVABANDITSIN, S
CHOW, JH
SHAH, K
NACHMAN, S
ONEILL, R
SELWYN, P
SHOENBAUM, E
BARZILAI, A
WARFORD, R
GUPTA, A
AHERN, L
PAHWA, S
PNUGOTI, N
GARCIATRIAS, DE
BAKSHI, S
LANDESMAN, S
MENDEZ, H
MOROSO, G
MENDEZBAUTISTA, RD
FIKRIG, S
BELMAN, A
KLINE, MW
HANSON, C
EDELSON, P
HINDS, G
VANDYKE, R
CLARK, R
WARA, DW
MANIO, EB
JOHNSON, G
WELLS, L
JOHNSON, JP
ALGER, L
LUZURIAGA, K
MASTRUCCI, T
SUNKUTU, MR
RODRIGUEZ, Z
DOYLE, M
REUBEN, J
BRYSON, Y
DILLON, M
SIMPSON, BJ
ANDIMAN, W
URIBE, P
TI BIRTH-ORDER, DELIVERY ROUTE, AND CONCORDANCE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 FROM MOTHERS TO TWINS
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; WOMEN; RISK; CHILDREN;
INFANTS; ANTIBODIES; SECRETIONS; DIAGNOSIS; LABOR
AB Background: We evaluated data from prospectively identified twins to understand better the mechanisms and covariates of mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Methods: Using data obtained from an international collaboration and multivariate quasilikelihood modeling, we assessed concordance, birth order, route of delivery, and other factors for HIV infection in 115 prospectively studied twin pairs born to HIV-infected women. Actuarial methods were used to evaluate overall survival and survival free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for HIV-infected twins.
Results: Infection with HIV occurred in 35% of vaginally delivered firstborn (A) twins, 16% of cesarean-delivered A twins, 15% of vaginally delivered second-born (B) twins, and 8% of cesarean-delivered B twins. In a multivariate model, the adjusted odds ratios for HIV infection were 11.8 (confidence interval: 3.1 to 45.3) for concordance of infection with the co-twin, 2.8 (confidence interval: 1.6 to 5.0) for A versus B twins, and 2.7 (confidence interval: 1.1 to 6.6) for vaginally delivered versus cesarean-delivered twins. Among A twins, 52% (lower confidence limit: 6%) of the transmission risk was related to vaginal delivery, Comparing vaginally delivered A twins (infants most exposed to vaginal mucus and blood) to cesarean-delivered B twins (infants least exposed), 76% (lower confidence limit: 48%) of the transmission risk was related to vaginal exposure. Infected B twins had slightly reduced Quetelet indexes and more rapid development of illnesses related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Conclusions: These results indicate that HIV infection of B twins occurs predominantly in utero, whereas infection of A twins (and, by implication, singletons) occurs predominantly intrapartum, We propose that intrapartum transmission is responsible for the majority of pediatric HIV infections and that reducing exposure to HIV in the birth canal may reduce transmission of the virus from mother to infant.
C1 BIOCINE CO, EMERYVILLE, CA USA.
MD ANDERSON CANC CTR, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, HOUSTON, TX USA.
RES TRIANGLE INST, WASHINGTON, DC USA.
NCI, VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ROCKVILLE, MD USA.
UNIV NEW S WALES, RANDWICK, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
HOP ST PIERRE & ERASME, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.
ROYAL FREE HOSP, LONDON NW3 2QG, ENGLAND.
GREAT ORMOND ST HOSP SICK CHILDREN, LONDON, ENGLAND.
FRAUNKLIN FINKENAU, HAMBURG, GERMANY.
COOMBE LYING IN HOSP, DUBLIN 8, IRELAND.
UNIV GENOA, HOSP S MARTINO, I-16126 GENOA, ITALY.
SAN CAMILLO HOSP, ROME, ITALY.
UNIV MILAN, MILAN, ITALY.
UNIV PADUA, PADUA, ITALY.
CITY HOSP, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND.
CATALAN REGISTRY SEROPOSIT CHILDREN, BARCELONA, SPAIN.
GEN HOSP, VALENCIA, SPAIN.
UNIV HOSP VALENCIA, VALENCIA, SPAIN.
KINDERSPITAL ZURICH, CH-8032 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.
LA FE CHILDRENS HOSP, VALENCIA, SPAIN.
UNIV HOSP GENEVA, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND.
LLANDOUGH HOSP, CARDIFF, S GLAM, WALES.
HARVARD UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, ORSTOM, CONGO FRANCE, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA.
CTR HOSP KIGALI, KIGALI, RWANDA.
UGANDA CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV COLLABORAT, KAMPALA, UGANDA.
PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA.
ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, BRONX, NY 10467 USA.
HOP ST JUSTINE, MONTREAL, PQ H3T 1C5, CANADA.
BAY STATE MED CTR, SPRINGFIELD, MA USA.
BOSTON CITY HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA.
BRIDGEPORT HOSP, BRIDGEPORT, CT USA.
BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR, DEPT MED, BRONX, NY 10457 USA.
CEDARS SINAI LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA USA.
CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA.
CHILDRENS HOSP, BOSTON, MA USA.
CHILDRENS HOSP NO CALIF, OAKLAND, CA USA.
CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90027 USA.
CHILDRENS MED CTR, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA.
CHILDRENS MEM HOSP, CHICAGO, IL 60614 USA.
CHILDRENS NATL MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20010 USA.
COOK FT WORTH CHILDRENS MED CTR, FT WORTH, TX USA.
DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DURHAM, NC USA.
HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA.
HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA.
JERSEY CITY MED CTR, JERSEY CITY, NJ USA.
LINCOLN HOSP CTR, BRONX, NY USA.
MONTEFIORE MED CTR, BRONX, NY 10467 USA.
NEW YORK MED COLL, NEW YORK, NY USA.
N SHORE UNIV HOSP, MANHASSET, NY USA.
ARNAU UNIV HOSP, BAYAMON, PR USA.
ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP, BAYSIDE, NY USA.
SUNY HLTH SCI CTR, BROOKLYN, NY 11203 USA.
SUNY STONY BROOK, CHILDRENS MED CTR, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA.
TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA.
CORNELL UNIV, MED CTR, NEW YORK HOSP, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA.
TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA.
UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA.
UNIV CONNECTICUT, CTR HLTH, FARMINGTON, CT USA.
UNIV ILLINOIS, CHICAGO, IL USA.
UNIV MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA.
UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, WORCESTER, MA 01605 USA.
UNIV MIAMI, MIAMI, FL 33152 USA.
UNIV TEXAS, SCH MED, HOUSTON, TX USA.
UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA.
YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR, NEW HAVEN, CT 06504 USA.
UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE.
RI Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008
OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427
FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-95612]
NR 31
TC 86
Z9 90
U1 1
U2 5
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 126
IS 4
BP 625
EP 632
DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70365-9
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QR212
UT WOS:A1995QR21200022
PM 7699546
ER
PT J
AU ROSENBERG, ML
SLEET, DA
BREWER, RD
FENLEY, MA
PROTZEL, PI
SACKS, JJ
THORNTON, TN
NOWAK, ND
MOORE, B
BELLONI, J
AF ROSENBERG, ML
SLEET, DA
BREWER, RD
FENLEY, MA
PROTZEL, PI
SACKS, JJ
THORNTON, TN
NOWAK, ND
MOORE, B
BELLONI, J
TI INJURY CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BICYCLE HELMETS
SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAD-INJURIES; SAFETY HELMETS; CHILDREN; ACCIDENTS; SEVERITY
AB These guidelines were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for state and local agencies and organizations planning programs to prevent head injuries among bicyclists through use of bicycle helmets. The guidelines contain information on the magnitude and extent of the the problem of bicycle-related head injuries and potential impact of increased helmet use; characteristics of helmets, including biomechanical characteristics, helmet standards, and performance in actual crash conditions; barriers that impede increased helmet use; and approaches to increasing use of bicycle helmets within the community. In addition, bicycle helmet legislation and community educational campaigns are evaluated.
C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 40
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC
PI KENT
PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240
SN 0022-4391
J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH
JI J. Sch. Health
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 65
IS 4
BP 133
EP 139
PG 7
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services;
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QU859
UT WOS:A1995QU85900004
ER
PT J
AU WETLE, T
SCHERR, P
BRANCH, LG
RESNICK, NM
HARRIS, T
EVANS, D
TAYLOR, JO
AF WETLE, T
SCHERR, P
BRANCH, LG
RESNICK, NM
HARRIS, T
EVANS, D
TAYLOR, JO
TI DIFFICULTY WITH HOLDING URINE AMONG OLDER PERSONS IN A GEOGRAPHICALLY
DEFINED COMMUNITY - PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID INCONTINENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; PATTERNS; SEVERITY;
IMPACT; WOMEN; HOME
AB OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of difficulty holding urine among a population of community-dwelling older people.
DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study.
SUBJECTS: A population census identified all residents aged 65 years and older residing in East Boston, Massachusetts, in 1982.
MEASURES: Data collected via in-home interviews were used to estimate the prevalence of difficulty holding urine and to provide information regarding potential, correlates of urinary difficulty.
RESULTS: Of the 3809 study participants (85% response rate), 28% reported having ''difficulty holding urine until they can get to a toilet'' at least some of the time, and 8% reported difficulty ''most'' or ''all of the time.'' Difficulty was associated with age and sex; 44% of women and 34% of men reported some difficulty (P <.001), and 9% of women and 6% of men (P <.001) reported difficulty most or all of the time. For respondents aged 65 to 74 years, 40% reported some difficulty, compared with 47% of those aged 85 and older (P-trend <.001); difficulty most or all of the time was reported by 6% of those aged 65 to 74 and 12% of those aged 85 and older (P-trend <0.01) Difficulty holding urine was associated with important health and functional measures including depression, stroke, chronic cough, night awakening, fecal incontinence, problems with activities of daily living, decreased frequency and ease in getting out of the house, and poor self-perception of health.
CONCLUSIONS: Difficulty holding urine is a prevalent condition among older people living in the community and is associated highly with a number of health conditions and functional problems.
C1 HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA.
HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02115.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118.
ABT ASSOCIATES INC,BOSTON,MA.
W ROXBURY DVAMC,GRECC,BROCKTON,MA.
HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,DIV UROL,BOSTON,MA.
UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT COMMUNITY MED & HLTH CARE,STORRS,CT 06269.
NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612.
RP WETLE, T (reprint author), INST LIVING,400 WASHINGTON ST,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA.
FU NIA NIH HHS [N0 1-AG-0-2106]
NR 42
TC 98
Z9 98
U1 2
U2 3
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0002-8614
J9 J AM GERIATR SOC
JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 43
IS 4
BP 349
EP 355
PG 7
WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA QR082
UT WOS:A1995QR08200004
PM 7706622
ER
PT J
AU LOCKHART, JM
DAVIDSON, WR
DAWSON, JE
STALLKNECHT, DE
AF LOCKHART, JM
DAVIDSON, WR
DAWSON, JE
STALLKNECHT, DE
TI TEMPORAL ASSOCIATION OF AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM WITH THE PRESENCE OF
EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS REACTIVE ANTIBODIES IN WHITE-TAILED DEER
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM; WHITE-TAILED DEER;
ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; SEROLOGY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY
ID LONE STAR TICKS; UNITED-STATES; DOGS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; IXODIDAE;
GEORGIA; AGENT; ACARI; CANIS
AB From 1981 through 1993, tick infestations and serum antibodies reactive to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis, were monitored among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at Whitehall Experimental Forest, Clarke County, Georgia (USA). Neither ticks nor E. chaffeensis antibodies were detected during the first two years of the study. Infestations of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), a suspected vector of E. chaffeensis, first were noted on deer in 1983. Prevalence and intensity of A. americanum sharply increased from 1985 to 1989, and prevalence was 100% from 1990 to 1993. Antibodies reactive to E. chaffeensis were first detected in 7% of deer sampled in 1986. Antibody prevalence increased to 21% in 1987 and was 100% from 1988 to 1993. This temporal association between the establishment of A. americanum and the appearance of E. chaffeensis antibodies provides evidence to support the concept that A. americanum could be a natural vector of E. chaffeensis. The high prevalence of antibodies among all age classes of deer also reaffirms that white-tailed deer may be sensitive natural sentinels for monitoring the distribution of E. chaffeensis.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602.
US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP LOCKHART, JM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA.
NR 28
TC 48
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 31
IS 2
BP 119
EP 124
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA QU267
UT WOS:A1995QU26700001
PM 8583627
ER
PT J
AU SHAFER, WM
BALTHAZAR, JT
HAGMAN, KE
MORSE, SA
AF SHAFER, WM
BALTHAZAR, JT
HAGMAN, KE
MORSE, SA
TI MISSENSE MUTATIONS THAT ALTER THE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE MTRR PROTEIN
OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN RECTAL ISOLATES OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE THAT ARE
RESISTANT TO FECAL LIPIDS
SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK
LA English
DT Article
DE GONOCOCCI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATOR; MISSENSE MUTATIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL
AGENTS; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
ID MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TETRACYCLINE; SENSITIVITY; INVOLVEMENT; SEQUENCE;
CLONING; OPERON; GENES
AB Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to structurally diverse hydrophobic agents (HAs) has been associated with missense or deletion mutations in the mtrR (multiple transferable resistance Regulator) gene of laboratory-derived strains but their prevalence in clinical isolates was heretofore unknown. Since faecal lipids provide strong selective pressure for the emergence of variants resistant to HAs (HA(R)), the nucleotide sequence of the mfrR gene from rectal isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, which displayed different levels of HA(R), was determined. Compared to the mtrR gene possessed by the HA-sensitive strain FA19, each clinical isolate contained mutations in the coding and/or promoter regions of their mtrR gene. A missense mutation in codon 45 (Cry-45 to Asp) was the most common mutation found in the strains studied and impacted the structure of the helix-turn-helix domain of the MtrR protein thought to be important in DNA-binding activity. Two clinical isolates bearing a missense mutation in codon 45 also contained a single basepair deletion in a 13 bp inverted sequence positioned within the mtrR promoter region, Introduction of mfrR sequences amplified from the clinical isolates into strain FA19 revealed that acquisition of the single basepair deletion was correlated with high level HA(R) while mutations in the mtrR-coding region provided for an intermediate level of HA(R).
C1 VET ADM MED CTR,MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LABS,ATLANTA,GA 30033.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP SHAFER, WM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21150]
NR 15
TC 70
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS
SN 1350-0872
J9 MICROBIOL-UK
JI Microbiol.-UK
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 141
BP 907
EP 911
PN 4
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QU413
UT WOS:A1995QU41300018
PM 7773394
ER
PT J
AU ROBINSON, CF
HALPERIN, WE
ALTERMAN, T
BRADDEE, RW
BURNETT, CA
FOSBROKE, DE
KISNER, SM
LALICH, NR
ROSCOE, RJ
SELIGMAN, PJ
SESTITO, JP
STERN, FB
STOUT, NA
AF ROBINSON, CF
HALPERIN, WE
ALTERMAN, T
BRADDEE, RW
BURNETT, CA
FOSBROKE, DE
KISNER, SM
LALICH, NR
ROSCOE, RJ
SELIGMAN, PJ
SESTITO, JP
STERN, FB
STOUT, NA
TI MORTALITY PATTERNS AMONG CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS
LA English
DT Article
RP ROBINSON, CF (reprint author), NIOSH,MS R-18,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107
SN 0885-114X
J9 OCCUP MED
JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev.
PD APR-JUN
PY 1995
VL 10
IS 2
BP 269
EP 283
PG 15
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA RE537
UT WOS:A1995RE53700004
PM 7667740
ER
PT J
AU OLSVIK, B
OLSEN, I
TENOVER, FC
AF OLSVIK, B
OLSEN, I
TENOVER, FC
TI DETECTION OF TET(M) AND TET(O) USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION IN
BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL-DISEASE
SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DNA PROBE;
PERIODONTAL DISEASE
ID TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE DETERMINANT; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS;
CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSON; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS;
CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE TETO
AB The polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 114 tetracycline-resistant anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from patients with periodontal disease for the tet(M) and tet(O) genes. A 740-base-pair fragment of the tet(M) gene was amplified from 84 of 114 isolates, and a 519-base-pair fragment of the tet(O) gene was amplified from 13 streptococcal isolates. Six of 7 tetracycline-resistant isolates of Veillonella spp. and tetracycline-resistant isolates of Eubacterium spp, (n=3), Eubacterium saburreum (n=1), Streptococcus intermedius (n=5) and Gemella morbillorum (n=2) all harbored the tet(M) gene. The tet(M) and tet(O) negative as well as selected positive isolates were tested for the tet(K) and tet(L) genes using DNA probes. All isolates of Staphylococcus spp. (n=11) hybridized with the tet(K) probe. None of the isolates tested hybridized with the probe for tet(L). This is the first report of the tet(M) gene in the facultative bacterium G. morbillorum and in E. saburreum.
C1 UNIV OSLO,OSLO,NORWAY.
RP OLSVIK, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS G-08,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 47
TC 68
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 3
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0902-0055
J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN
JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 10
IS 2
BP 87
EP 92
DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1995.tb00124.x
PG 6
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology
GA QQ046
UT WOS:A1995QQ04600005
PM 7675524
ER
PT J
AU SCOTT, GB
BECK, DT
CONNOR, EM
FLEISCHMAN, AR
HOPKINS, KM
MOFENSON, LM
PANTELL, RH
SCHONBERG, SK
SKLAIRE, MW
ROGERS, MF
ALLEN, JR
AF SCOTT, GB
BECK, DT
CONNOR, EM
FLEISCHMAN, AR
HOPKINS, KM
MOFENSON, LM
PANTELL, RH
SCHONBERG, SK
SKLAIRE, MW
ROGERS, MF
ALLEN, JR
TI FROM THE AMERICAN-ACADEMY-OF-PEDIATRICS - REDUCING THE RISK OF
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH ILLICIT DRUG-USE
SO PEDIATRIC AIDS AND HIV INFECTION-FETUS TO ADOLESCENT
LA English
DT Article
RP SCOTT, GB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BETHESDA,MD, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 1045-5418
J9 PEDIATR AIDS HIV INF
JI Pediatr. AIDS HIV Infect.-Fetus Adolesc.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 6
IS 2
BP 111
EP 113
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA QZ808
UT WOS:A1995QZ80800010
ER
PT J
AU BURKHOLDER, BT
CORONADO, VG
BROWN, J
HUTTO, JH
SHAPIRO, CN
ROBERTSON, B
WOODRUFF, BA
AF BURKHOLDER, BT
CORONADO, VG
BROWN, J
HUTTO, JH
SHAPIRO, CN
ROBERTSON, B
WOODRUFF, BA
TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-A IN A PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL TRACED TO
AN ANTI-HEPATITIS-A VIRUS-NEGATIVE PATIENT WITH IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE HEPATITIS A; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; RISK-FACTORS; A OUTBREAK; SECONDARY; INFANT; SPREAD
AB From July through October 1998, an outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection involving 26 hospital staff, inpatients and household contacts occurred in a pediatric hospital. All ill staff members had cared for one inpatient who had profuse diarrhea with gross fecal contamination of the environment, negative HAV serology and idiopathic immunodeficiency, HAV infection in this patient was later confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Among hospital staff HAV attack rates were highest in nursing personnel (15%). A retrospective cohort study of nurses found that the risk of infection was greatest in those who handled the source patient's soiled bed pad (relative risk, 6.7; 95% confidence intervals, 1.6, 27.8), diaper (relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence intervals, 0.8, 39.2) or gown (relative risk, 2.9; 95% confidence intervals, 1.1, 7.8). Glove use during these activities was not associated with a lower risk of infection, possibly because of gross environmental contamination or less use than reported, This situation was unusual because the patient was HAV-infected but had negative serology, probably because of immunodeficiency, In situations of potentially extensive environmental contamination, such as with a diapered or incontinent patient with suspected or confirmed hepatitis A, careful attention to frequent handwashing is an essential protective measure; in addition strict glove use whenever entering the patient's room should be followed to provide additional protection.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV S FLORIDA,ALL CHILDRENS HOSP,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701.
RP BURKHOLDER, BT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 21
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 4
BP 261
EP 266
DI 10.1097/00006454-199504000-00003
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA QT556
UT WOS:A1995QT55600003
PM 7603805
ER
PT J
AU COCHI, SL
ORENSTEIN, WA
AF COCHI, SL
ORENSTEIN, WA
TI COMMENTARY - CHINA GIANT STEP TOWARD THE GLOBAL ERADICATION OF
POLIOMYELITIS
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP COCHI, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 4
BP 315
EP 316
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA QT556
UT WOS:A1995QT55600012
PM 7603814
ER
PT J
AU DALTON, C
HOFFMAN, R
PAPE, J
AF DALTON, C
HOFFMAN, R
PAPE, J
TI IGUANA-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS IN CHILDREN
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Note
DE IGUANAS; SALMONELLOSIS; PEDIATRIC; MENINGITIS
C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,DENVER,CO.
RP DALTON, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 10
TC 28
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 4
BP 319
EP 320
DI 10.1097/00006454-199504000-00014
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA QT556
UT WOS:A1995QT55600014
PM 7603816
ER
PT J
AU FERGUSON, PJ
DOWELL, S
TOROK, TJ
ERDMAN, DD
SAULSBURY, FT
AF FERGUSON, PJ
DOWELL, S
TOROK, TJ
ERDMAN, DD
SAULSBURY, FT
TI THE PREVALENCE OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 (B19) INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH
HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA (HSP)
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT PEDIAT, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A397
EP A397
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08202366
ER
PT J
AU GUERRERO, ML
MARTINEZ, J
NOEL, J
ROSALES, G
CALVA, JJ
PICKERING, LK
GLASS, RI
RUIZPALACIOS, GM
AF GUERRERO, ML
MARTINEZ, J
NOEL, J
ROSALES, G
CALVA, JJ
PICKERING, LK
GLASS, RI
RUIZPALACIOS, GM
TI ASTROVIRUS DIARRHEA IN A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF YOUNG MEXICAN CHILDREN
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA.
INST NACL NUTR, MEXICO CITY 22, DF, MEXICO.
CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, CTR PEDIAT RES, NORFOLK, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A138
EP A138
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200811
ER
PT J
AU ISRAEL, NR
KHANNA, B
LASTOVICA, A
GOLD, BD
AF ISRAEL, NR
KHANNA, B
LASTOVICA, A
GOLD, BD
TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G SUBCLASS RESPONSE (IGG I-IV) TO HELICOBACTER-PYLORI
INFECTION IN CHILDREN AS COMPARED TO ADULTS
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 RED CROSS CHILDRENS HOSP, DEPT MED MICRO, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA.
EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A124
EP A124
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200728
ER
PT J
AU KEYSERLING, HL
ROMEROSTEINER, S
PAIS, LB
DYKES, J
CARLONE, GM
AF KEYSERLING, HL
ROMEROSTEINER, S
PAIS, LB
DYKES, J
CARLONE, GM
TI OPSONOPHAGOCYTIC TITERS CORRELATE WITH IGG ELISA ANTIBODY-LEVELS IN
INFANTS IMMUNIZED WITH A STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE
PROTEIN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE CONJUGATE VACCINE
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EMORY UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DEPT PEDIAT, ATLANTA, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A179
EP A179
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08201060
ER
PT J
AU KOHN, MA
FARLEY, TA
WILSON, SA
MCFARLAND, LM
AF KOHN, MA
FARLEY, TA
WILSON, SA
MCFARLAND, LM
TI POSSIBLE PERSON-TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION IN AN ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL OUTBREAK
OF HEPATITIS-A
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A108
EP A108
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200636
ER
PT J
AU LIEBERMAN, JM
CHIU, SS
WONG, VK
PARTRIDGE, S
CHANG, SJ
CARLONE, GM
WARD, JI
AF LIEBERMAN, JM
CHIU, SS
WONG, VK
PARTRIDGE, S
CHANG, SJ
CARLONE, GM
WARD, JI
TI BIVALENT SEROGROUP A/C MENINGOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE - SAFETY AND
IMMUNOGENICITY IN TODDLERS
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UCLA, CTR VACCINE RES, TORRANCE, CA USA.
CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A181
EP A181
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08201073
ER
PT J
AU LOSONSKY, GA
STEPHENS, I
MAHONEY, F
WASSERMAN, S
GEWOLB, I
LAMBERT, S
DULKERIAN, S
AF LOSONSKY, GA
STEPHENS, I
MAHONEY, F
WASSERMAN, S
GEWOLB, I
LAMBERT, S
DULKERIAN, S
TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS EVALUATING THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF HEPATITIS-B
VACCINATION OF PREMATURE-INFANTS STARTING IN THE 1ST WEEK OF LIFE
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A295
EP A295
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08201751
ER
PT J
AU MORROW, AL
LAKKIS, H
ROSENTHAL, J
ATTA, H
CARRETTA, H
CREWS, RC
AF MORROW, AL
LAKKIS, H
ROSENTHAL, J
ATTA, H
CARRETTA, H
CREWS, RC
TI RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR UNDERIMMUNIZATION AT 12 AND 24
MONTHS OF AGE
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, EVMS, CTR PEDIAT RES, NORFOLK, VA USA.
CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A142
EP A142
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200836
ER
PT J
AU MORROW, AL
BOWERS, JC
ROSENTHAL, J
COLLINSODOMS, C
AF MORROW, AL
BOWERS, JC
ROSENTHAL, J
COLLINSODOMS, C
TI DISCREPANCY BETWEEN PARENT AND CARE PROVIDER RECORDS IN ASSESSMENT OF
IMMUNIZATION STATUS
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EASTERN VA MED SCH, CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS, NORFOLK, VA USA.
CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A111
EP A111
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200652
ER
PT J
AU NIEBURG, P
NSUAMI, M
CARR, L
MANZILA, T
BROWN, C
MANDALA, K
STLOUIS, ME
AF NIEBURG, P
NSUAMI, M
CARR, L
MANZILA, T
BROWN, C
MANDALA, K
STLOUIS, ME
TI FETAL AND EARLY INFANT GROWTH IN HIV-1-INFECTED PREGNANCIES
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA USA.
PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A184
EP A184
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08201091
ER
PT J
AU RODEWALD, LE
SHIUH, T
ZELL, E
DIETZ, V
SZILAGYI, PG
AF RODEWALD, LE
SHIUH, T
ZELL, E
DIETZ, V
SZILAGYI, PG
TI HEALTH-INSURANCE AND UNDERIMMUNIZATION - LESSONS FROM THE 1991
NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (NHIS)
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA.
UNIV ROCHESTER, DEPT PEDIAT, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A114
EP A114
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200668
ER
PT J
AU ROSENTHAL, SR
HABER, P
CHEN, RT
AF ROSENTHAL, SR
HABER, P
CHEN, RT
TI THE SAFETY OF ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS-VACCINE VS WHOLE-CELL
PERTUSSIS-VACCINE
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A114
EP A114
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200669
ER
PT J
AU WEINER, DL
LAW, T
REGNERY, HL
COX, NJ
BENDER, CA
EZEKOWITZ, RAB
AF WEINER, DL
LAW, T
REGNERY, HL
COX, NJ
BENDER, CA
EZEKOWITZ, RAB
TI THE EFFECT OF INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINE ON PLASMA MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN
LEVEL
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 HARVARD UNIV, CHILDRENS HOSP, SCH MED, DEPT MED, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A190
EP A190
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08201126
ER
PT J
AU WHITNEY, CG
SCHWARTZ, B
CHESNEY, J
GOZANSKY, WS
AF WHITNEY, CG
SCHWARTZ, B
CHESNEY, J
GOZANSKY, WS
TI THE IMPACT OF PNEUMOCOCCAL DRUG-RESISTANCE ON CLINICAL AND LABORATORY
PRACTICES
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CDC, ATLANTA, GA USA.
UNIV TENNESSEE, CTR HLTH SCI, COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, MEMPHIS, TN 38163 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 4
BP A117
EP A117
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QP082
UT WOS:A1995QP08200686
ER
PT J
AU SCHABLE, B
DIAZ, T
CHU, SY
CALDWELL, MB
CONTI, L
ALSTON, OM
SORVILLO, F
CHECKO, PJ
HERMANN, P
DAVIDSON, AJ
BOYD, D
FANN, SA
HERR, M
FREDERICK, M
AF SCHABLE, B
DIAZ, T
CHU, SY
CALDWELL, MB
CONTI, L
ALSTON, OM
SORVILLO, F
CHECKO, PJ
HERMANN, P
DAVIDSON, AJ
BOYD, D
FANN, SA
HERR, M
FREDERICK, M
TI WHO ARE THE PRIMARY CARETAKERS OF CHILDREN BORN TO HIV-INFECTED MOTHERS
- RESULTS FROM A MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS; PARENTS; NUMBER; WOMEN
AB Objective. To determine the primary caretakers of children born to women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Methods. We interviewed women at least 18 years of age who have been reported with HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to local health departments in 10 cities and states regarding the primary caretaker of their children born since 1977.
Results. Of 541 HIV-infected women who had been pregnant since 1977, 88% had living children. These women comprised 478 family units (mother and children); 234 (49%) of these units consisted of two or more children. The most common primary caretakers for all children within a family unit were the mother alone (46%), grandparents (16%), and both mother and father (15%). When the mother used injection drugs or lived alone, in a shelter, or with friends, almost one quarter of ail children were cared for by their grandparents. Only 30% of the mothers knew about child care assistance services, and only 8% had contacted or used these services.
Conclusions. Mothers with HIV, often alone, are the primary caretakers of their children. Increased provisions for child care assistance and planning for future permanent placement of orphaned children are urgently needed.
C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL.
MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI.
LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA.
CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT.
S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC.
DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO.
ARIZONA DEPT HLTH,PHOENIX,AZ.
GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA.
DELAWARE DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,WILMINGTON,DE.
WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA.
RP SCHABLE, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 13
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 4
BP 511
EP 515
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QR321
UT WOS:A1995QR32100010
PM 7700750
ER
PT J
AU OBRIEN, TR
CALLE, EE
POOLE, WK
AF OBRIEN, TR
CALLE, EE
POOLE, WK
TI INCIDENCE OF NEONATAL CIRCUMCISION IN ATLANTA, 1985-1986
SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
AB We reviewed Atlanta area hospital records to determine the following regarding neonatal circumcision: incidence in July 1985; incidence after publicized serious complications of circumcision in August 1985; medical record documentation; and the complication rate. After stratified sampling from hospital birth logs, we abstracted information from medical charts and calculated weighted estimates and P values. The circumcision incidence was 89.3% in July 1985, 87.5% in September 1985, and 84.3% in September 1986. Circumcision was recorded on the medical record face sheet for 84.3% of circumcised boys. The complication rate was 3.1%; no serious complications were recorded. We conclude the following: circumcision incidence was high during the study period; publicity regarding adverse outcomes may have decreased the subsequent incidence of the procedure; hospital discharge data, which rely on medical record face sheet information, underestimate the true incidence of neonatal circumcision; and neonatal circumcision is usually safe, but serious complications may occur.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329.
RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709.
NR 12
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 1
PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN
PI BIRMINGHAM
PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219
SN 0038-4348
J9 SOUTHERN MED J
JI South.Med.J.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 88
IS 4
BP 411
EP 415
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QT269
UT WOS:A1995QT26900005
PM 7716592
ER
PT J
AU HOOD, RD
LARY, JM
AF HOOD, RD
LARY, JM
TI UNTITLED
SO TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP HOOD, RD (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT BIOL SCI,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0040-3709
J9 TERATOLOGY
JI Teratology
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 51
IS 4
BP 225
EP 227
DI 10.1002/tera.1420510402
PG 3
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA RJ394
UT WOS:A1995RJ39400001
PM 7570360
ER
PT J
AU GOLDE, WT
BURKOT, TR
PIESMAN, J
DOLAN, MC
CAPIAU, C
HAUSER, P
DEQUESNE, G
LOBET, Y
AF GOLDE, WT
BURKOT, TR
PIESMAN, J
DOLAN, MC
CAPIAU, C
HAUSER, P
DEQUESNE, G
LOBET, Y
TI THE LYME-DISEASE VACCINE CANDIDATE OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A (OSPA) IN A
FORMULATION COMPATIBLE WITH HUMAN USE PROTECTS MICE AGAINST NATURAL TICK
TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; LYME DISEASE; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; VACCINE
DEVELOPMENT
ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; RECOMBINANT OSPA;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NORTH-AMERICAN; A OSPA; HETEROGENEITY; INFECTION;
STRAINS; ANTIBODIES
AB Development of a vaccine for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, has focused on the bacterial lipoprotein, major outer surface protein A (OspA). With few exceptions, testing of OspA vaccines in animal models has involved challenge with needle inoculation of cultured spirochetes. Recombinant OspA proteins from two OspA divergent strains of B. burgdorferi were tested for their vaccine potential in three different strains of mice challenged with laboratory, reared ticks with a high rate of B. burgdorferi infection. All formulations of the B. burgdorferi sensu stricto derived OspA vaccine protected all strains of mice when challenged by ticks infected with an OspA homologous strain of the spirochete, whereas heterologous OspA from B. afzelii did not protect. Furthermore, ticks feeding on protected mice had reduced OspA levels compared to unvaccinated controls.
C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,B-1330 RIXENSART,BELGIUM.
RP GOLDE, WT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA.
RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013
NR 32
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 5
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP
SN 0264-410X
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 13
IS 5
BP 435
EP 441
DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)00027-K
PG 7
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA QR844
UT WOS:A1995QR84400003
PM 7639011
ER
PT J
AU SHCHELKUNOV, SN
MASSUNG, RF
ESPOSITO, JJ
AF SHCHELKUNOV, SN
MASSUNG, RF
ESPOSITO, JJ
TI COMPARISON OF THE GENOME DNA-SEQUENCES OF BANGLADESH 1975 AND INDIA 1967
VARIOLA VIRUSES
SO VIRUS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE POXVIRUS; VARIOLA VIRUS; GENOME DNA SEQUENCE; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
ID VACCINIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; FRAGMENTS;
STRAIN; GENE
AB The nucleotide sequences of genome DNAs and the deduced amino acid sequences of proteins from potential open reading frames (ORFs) of variola smallpox viruses from outbreaks in India in 1967 and in Bangladesh in 1975 have been compared and the analyses of the sequences are updated. Alignment of the DNAs revealed 99.3% base sequence identity. Of the 200 potential encoded proteins of each virus, 122 were identical, 42 showed substitution of a single amino acid, 11 showed two residues changes, and the remainder were more diverged. The variant proteins were encoded mainly in the near-terminal regions of each genome. The most conserved region between the variola DNAs included ORFs A33L to A49R, which is a relatively poorly conserved region compared with vaccinia virus.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RUSSIAN STATE RES CTR VIROL & BIOTECHNOL VECTOR,INST MOLEC BIOL,KOLTSOV 633159,RUSSIA.
NR 19
TC 71
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1702
J9 VIRUS RES
JI Virus Res.
PD APR
PY 1995
VL 36
IS 1
BP 107
EP 118
DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00113-Q
PG 12
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA QQ018
UT WOS:A1995QQ01800009
PM 7625123
ER
PT J
AU GREEN, MD
MOUNT, DL
TODD, GD
CAPOMACCHIA, AC
AF GREEN, MD
MOUNT, DL
TODD, GD
CAPOMACCHIA, AC
TI CHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION OF ARTEMISININ - NOVEL ENDOPEROXIDE ANALYSIS
USING LUMINOL WITHOUT HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; QINGHAOSU ARTEMISININ; ULTRAVIOLET
DETECTION; HUMAN-PLASMA; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; HYDROPEROXIDES; METABOLITE;
ARTEETHER
AB A novel method for artemisinin quantitation employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection in the absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is reported. After elution from the HPLC column, artemisinin is combined with an alkaline solution of hematin and luminol. The resulting CL signal is detected by use of a spectrofluorometer with the excitation lamp disabled, and is proportional to artemisinin concentration. The CL method was optimized and applied to the analysis of artemisinin in spiked human serum.
CL in the absence of H2O2 or other known oxidizing species is remarkable since such oxidizers are usually required to produce CL from luminol under alkaline conditions. Artemisinin, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene, is one of several natural products that contain an endoperoxide functional group. Since H2O2 is not needed in the analysis, the endoperoxide moiety on artemisinin is implicated as a contributing source of superoxide radicals required for the light-producing reaction with luminol.
C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT,ATHENS,GA 30602.
RP GREEN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 15
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 5
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD MAR 31
PY 1995
VL 695
IS 2
BP 237
EP 242
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01236-8
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA QR529
UT WOS:A1995QR52900008
PM 7757205
ER
PT J
AU BREWER, RD
MORRIS, PD
COLE, TB
AF BREWER, RD
MORRIS, PD
COLE, TB
TI ALCOHOL-RELATED AUTOMOBILE CRASHES - REPLY
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611.
RP BREWER, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAR 30
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 13
BP 893
EP 893
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QP228
UT WOS:A1995QP22800028
ER
PT J
AU SCHWAN, TG
PIESMAN, J
GOLDE, WT
DOLAN, MC
ROSA, PA
AF SCHWAN, TG
PIESMAN, J
GOLDE, WT
DOLAN, MC
ROSA, PA
TI INDUCTION OF AN OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN ON BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI DURING
TICK FEEDING
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE IXODES SCAPULARIS; LYME DISEASE; BLOOD MEAL; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN C;
TEMPERATURE
ID LYME-DISEASE; IXODES-DAMMINI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; OSPC GENE;
TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE; LIPOPROTEIN; ATTACHMENT; BACTERIA
AB Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, are maintained in zoonotic cycles involving ticks and small mammals. In unfed ticks, the spirochetes produce one outer surface protein, OspA, but not OspC. During infection in mammals, immunological data suggest that the spirochetes have changed their surface, now expressing OspC but little or no OspA. We find by in vitro growth experiments that this change is regulated in part by temperature; OspC is produced by spirochetes at 32-37 degrees C but not at 24 degrees C. Furthermore, spirochetes in the midgut of ticks that have fully engorged on mice now have OspC on their surface. Thus two environmental cues, an increase in temperature and tick feeding, trigger a major alteration of the spirochetal outer membrane. This rapid synthesis of OspC by spirochetes during tick feeding may play an essential role in the capacity of these bacteria to successfully infect mammalian hosts, including humans, when transmitted by ticks.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522.
RP SCHWAN, TG (reprint author), NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,MICROBIAL STRUCT & FUNCT LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840, USA.
NR 46
TC 638
Z9 644
U1 0
U2 27
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAR 28
PY 1995
VL 92
IS 7
BP 2909
EP 2913
DI 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2909
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA QP889
UT WOS:A1995QP88900102
PM 7708747
ER
PT J
AU GERGEN, P
MCQUILLAN, GM
KIELY, M
EZZATIRICE, TM
SUTTER, RW
VIRELLA, G
AF GERGEN, P
MCQUILLAN, GM
KIELY, M
EZZATIRICE, TM
SUTTER, RW
VIRELLA, G
TI A POPULATION-BASED SEROLOGIC SURVEY OF IMMUNITY TO TETANUS IN THE
UNITED-STATES
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID DIPHTHERIA IMMUNITY; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; REVACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION;
ADULTS
AB Background. Vaccination rates are frequently considered a surrogate measure of protection. To provide more accurate estimates, serum levels of antibody against tetanus were measured as part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which studied a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States.
Methods. We measured tetanus antitoxin using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in serum samples from 10,618 persons six years of age and older who were examined during phase 1 of NHANES III in 1988 to 1991.
Results. Overall, 69.7 percent of Americans six years of age and older had protective levels of tetanus antibodies (>0.15 IU per milliliter). The rate decreased from 87.7 percent among those 6 to 11 years of age to 27.8 percent among those 70 years of age or older, Among children 6 to 16 years of age, 82.2 percent had protective levels of tetanus antibodies, with little variation according to race or ethnicity. More men than women were immune (79.0 percent vs. 62.4 percent). Mexican Americans had a significantly lower rate of immunity (57.9 percent, P<0.05) than either non-Hispanic whites (72.7 percent) or non-Hispanic blacks (68.1 percent). Those with a history of military service, higher levels of education, or incomes above the poverty level were more likely to have protective antibody levels. Although the prevalence of immunity declined rapidly starting at the age of 40 years, most of the 107 cases of tetanus (with 20 deaths) reported in 1989 and 1990 occurred in persons 60 years of age or older,
Conclusions. Despite the fact that effective vaccines against tetanus have been available since the 1940s, many Americans do not have immunity to tetanus, and the rates are lowest among the elderly There is an excellent correlation between vaccination rates (96 percent) and immunity (96 percent) among six-year-olds. However, antibody levels decline over time, and one fifth of older children (10 to 16 years of age) do not have protective antibody levels.
C1 NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782.
US MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,ROCKVILLE,MD.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425.
NR 33
TC 208
Z9 211
U1 1
U2 4
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAR 23
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 12
BP 761
EP 766
DI 10.1056/NEJM199503233321201
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QN442
UT WOS:A1995QN44200001
PM 7862178
ER
PT J
AU PERRIENS, JH
STLOUIS, ME
MUKADI, YB
BROWN, C
PRIGNOT, J
POUTHIER, F
PORTAELS, F
WILLAME, JC
MANDALA, JK
KABOTO, M
RYDER, RW
ROSCIGNO, G
PIOT, P
AF PERRIENS, JH
STLOUIS, ME
MUKADI, YB
BROWN, C
PRIGNOT, J
POUTHIER, F
PORTAELS, F
WILLAME, JC
MANDALA, JK
KABOTO, M
RYDER, RW
ROSCIGNO, G
PIOT, P
TI PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ZAIRE - A CONTROLLED
TRIAL OF TREATMENT FOR EITHER 6 OR 12 MONTHS
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; CHEMOTHERAPY;
MORTALITY; KINSHASA; KENYA
AB Background. We studied the efficacy of a short-course regimen of chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kinshasa, Zaire. We also assessed whether, among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, treatment should be extended from 6 to 12 months.
Methods. HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative outpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol daily for two months, followed by rifampin plus isoniazid twice weekly for four months. The HIV-positive patients who had no evidence of tuberculosis were then randomly assigned to receive either rifampin plus isoniazid or placebo twice weekly for a further six months. We also followed a comparison group of HIV-seronegative patients who received no further treatment for tuberculosis after six months.
Results. After six months, 260 of 335 HIV-seropositive and 186 of 188 HIV-seronegative participants could be evaluated, and their rates of treatment failure were similar: 3.8 and 2.7 percent, respectively. At 24 months, the HIV-seropositive patients who received extended treatment had a relapse rate of 1.9 percent, as compared with 9 percent among the HIV-seropositive patients who received placebo for the second 6 months (P<0.01). Extended treatment did not improve survival, however. Among the HIV-seronegative patients, 5.3 percent relapsed.
Conclusions. Among HIV-seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, extending treatment from 6 to 12 months reduces the rate of relapse but does not improve survival. The six-month program of partly intermittent antituberculous treatment may be an acceptable alternative when resources are limited.
C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE.
INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM.
BELGIAN AGCY DEV & COOPERAT,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV & AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,MT GODINNE,BELGIUM.
BUR NATL TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE.
CTR DEPISTAGE TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE.
NR 30
TC 225
Z9 229
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAR 23
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 12
BP 779
EP 784
DI 10.1056/NEJM199503233321204
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QN442
UT WOS:A1995QN44200004
PM 7862181
ER
PT J
AU SIMONDS, RJ
LINDEGREN, ML
THOMAS, P
HANSON, D
CALDWELL, B
SCOTT, G
ROGERS, M
AF SIMONDS, RJ
LINDEGREN, ML
THOMAS, P
HANSON, D
CALDWELL, B
SCOTT, G
ROGERS, M
TI PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN WITH
PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN THE
UNITED-STATES
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV-INFECTION; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; POPULATION; AIDS
AB Background. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains a common and often fatal opportunistic infection among children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-infected infants between three and six months of age are particularly vulnerable. Current guidelines recommend prophylaxis in children from birth to 11 months old who have CD4+ counts below 1500 cells per cubic millimeter.
Methods. We used national surveillance data to estimate the annual incidence of PCP among children less than one year old. We reviewed the medical records of 300 children given a diagnosis of PCP between January 1991 and June 1993 to determine why treatment according to the 1991 guidelines for prophylaxis against PCP either was not given or failed to prevent the disease.
Results. In our study the incidence of PCP in the first year of life among infants born to HIV-infected mothers changed little between 1989 and 1992. Among 7080 children born to HIV-infected mothers in 1992, PCP developed in 2.4 percent. Of 300 children with PCP diagnosed from January 1991 through June 1993, 199 (66 percent) had never received prophylaxis, and for 118 of those children (59 percent) exposure to HIV was first identified 30 days or less before the diagnosis of PCP, Among 129 children less than one year old, the CD4+ count declined by an estimated 967 cells per cubic millimeter (95 percent confidence interval, 724 to 1210 cells per cubic millimeter) during the three months before the diagnosis of PCP, Among infants in whom CD4+ counts were determined within one month of the diagnosis of PCP, 18 percent (20 of 113) had at least 1500 cells per cubic millimeter, a level higher than the currently recommended threshold for prophylaxis.
Conclusions. In the United States the incidence of PCP among HIV-infected infants has not declined. If this infection is to be prevented, infants exposed to HIV must be identified earlier, and prophylaxis must be offered to more children than the guidelines currently recommend.
C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013.
UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,MIAMI,FL.
RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD, MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 26
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 1
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAR 23
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 12
BP 786
EP 790
DI 10.1056/NEJM199503233321206
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QN442
UT WOS:A1995QN44200006
PM 7862183
ER
PT J
AU HICKMAN, C
MACDONALD, KL
OSTERHOLM, MT
SCHECTER, GF
ROYCE, S
VUGIA, DJ
PROCTOR, ME
DAVIS, JP
BUR, S
DWYER, D
AF HICKMAN, C
MACDONALD, KL
OSTERHOLM, MT
SCHECTER, GF
ROYCE, S
VUGIA, DJ
PROCTOR, ME
DAVIS, JP
BUR, S
DWYER, D
TI EXPOSURE OF PASSENGERS AND FLIGHT CREW TO MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS ON
COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT, 1992-1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 137-140,
1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,TB CONTROL PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA.
WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI.
MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,PROGRAM SERV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP HICKMAN, C (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA.
NR 1
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 22
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 12
BP 911
EP 912
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM173
UT WOS:A1995QM17300007
ER
PT J
AU BILLS, D
ARIAS, L
CONSTANTINE, P
ROOT, T
SHAYEGANI, M
ALDOUS, K
BIRKHEAD, G
MORSE, D
MITCHELL, R
MORGAN, P
MORTON, T
IVERSON, F
CATHERWOOD, K
HILL, L
LONG, B
MCCARVILLE, A
NG, C
SMITH, R
ODERMATT, K
REYNOLDS, K
RAVEN, J
MARCHENSKI, M
ARMSTRONG, D
LIVELY, S
BREWSTER, P
MAHLER, T
AF BILLS, D
ARIAS, L
CONSTANTINE, P
ROOT, T
SHAYEGANI, M
ALDOUS, K
BIRKHEAD, G
MORSE, D
MITCHELL, R
MORGAN, P
MORTON, T
IVERSON, F
CATHERWOOD, K
HILL, L
LONG, B
MCCARVILLE, A
NG, C
SMITH, R
ODERMATT, K
REYNOLDS, K
RAVEN, J
MARCHENSKI, M
ARMSTRONG, D
LIVELY, S
BREWSTER, P
MAHLER, T
TI OSTRICH FERN POISONING - NEW-YORK AND WESTERN CANADA, 1994 (REPRINTED
FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 677, 683-684 1994)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 HLTH & WELF CANADA,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA.
BANFF NATL PK,HLTH UNIT,BANFF,AB,CANADA.
CAPITAL REG DIST HLTH SERV,VICTORIA,BC,CANADA.
BRITISH COLUMBIA MINIST HLTH,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA.
CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP BILLS, D (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 22
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 12
BP 912
EP 913
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM173
UT WOS:A1995QM17300008
ER
PT J
AU MINTZ, ED
REIFF, FM
TAUXE, RV
AF MINTZ, ED
REIFF, FM
TAUXE, RV
TI SAFE WATER-TREATMENT AND STORAGE IN THE HOME - A PRACTICAL NEW STRATEGY
TO PREVENT WATERBORNE DISEASE
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; DRINKING-WATER; TRANSMISSION;
CONTAMINATION; DRACUNCULIASIS; INTERVENTION; SANITATION; EPIDEMIC;
THAILAND
AB In many parts of the developing world, drinking water is collected from unsafe surface sources outside the home and is then held in household storage vessels. Drinking water may be contaminated at the source or during storage; strategies to reduce waterborne disease transmission must safeguard against both events. We describe a two-component prevention strategy, which allows an individual to disinfect drinking water immediately after collection (point-of-use disinfection) and then to store the water in narrow-mouthed, closed vessels designed to prevent recontamination (safe storage). New disinfectant generators and better storage vessel designs make this strategy practical and inexpensive. This approach empowers households and communities that lack potable water to protect themselves against a variety of waterborne pathogens and has the potential to decrease the incidence of waterborne diarrheal disease.
C1 PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC.
RP MINTZ, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 44
TC 125
Z9 129
U1 4
U2 20
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 22
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 12
BP 948
EP 953
DI 10.1001/jama.273.12.948
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM173
UT WOS:A1995QM17300030
PM 7884954
ER
PT J
AU FREEDMAN, DS
BYERS, T
BARRETT, DH
STROUP, NE
EAKER, E
MONROEBLUM, H
AF FREEDMAN, DS
BYERS, T
BARRETT, DH
STROUP, NE
EAKER, E
MONROEBLUM, H
TI PLASMA-LIPID LEVELS AND PSYCHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MEN
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; ANXIETY DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE
DISORDERS; LIPIDS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; ANTISOCIAL
PERSONALITY; LOWERING CHOLESTEROL; A BEHAVIOR; MORTALITY; TRIALS;
CRITERIA; MONKEYS; VIOLENT
AB Results of several studies suggest that either a reduction in the serum level of total cholesterol level or a persistently low cholesterol level may be associated with an increase in violent deaths. Although there are several possible explanations for these observations, it has been suggested that the cholesterol level could influence various behaviors. We therefore examined the cross-sectional relation of several psychologic characteristics, assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, to levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides among 3,490 men aged 31-45 years who were examined in 1985-1986. (All men had served in the US Army between 1965 and 1971). Compared with that of other men, the mean total cholesterol level was 5 mg/dl higher among 697 men diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (possibly because of increased catecholamine levels) and 7 mg/dl lower among 325 men with antisocial personality disorder (p < 0.01 for each association). These differences could not be attributed to education, relative weight, cigarette smoking, use of various medications, or other potential confounders. In contrast, cholesterol levels were not significantly associated with major depression or hostility; levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were not related to any diagnosis. If the serum level of total cholesterol is found to be predictive of antisocial personality disorder in longitudinal analyses, this association may have implications for cholesterol-lowering recommendations.
C1 MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449.
UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA.
RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,K-26,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 51
TC 73
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 6
BP 507
EP 517
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QN480
UT WOS:A1995QN48000004
PM 7900717
ER
PT J
AU ROMIEU, I
MENESES, F
SIENRAMONGE, JJL
HUERTA, J
VELASCO, SR
WHITE, MC
ETZEL, RA
HERNANDEZAVILA, M
AF ROMIEU, I
MENESES, F
SIENRAMONGE, JJL
HUERTA, J
VELASCO, SR
WHITE, MC
ETZEL, RA
HERNANDEZAVILA, M
TI EFFECTS OF URBAN AIR-POLLUTANTS ON EMERGENCY VISITS FOR CHILDHOOD ASTHMA
IN MEXICO-CITY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE AIR POLLUTION; ASTHMA; CHILD; EMERGENCIES
ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; OZONE; DIOXIDE
AB The metropolitan area of Mexico City, Mexico, has serious air pollution problems. Although air contaminants may contribute to clinical asthma, there are at present no data on the relation between air pollution exposure and childhood asthma in Mexico City. The authors reviewed data on emergency visits from January to June 1990 at one major pediatric hospital in Mexico City. They used a Poisson regression model to study the relation between the number of daily emergency visits for asthma and air pollutant levels. The levels of ozone and sulfur dioxide exposure were significantly associated with the number of emergency visits for asthma. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the multivariate regression model predicted that an increase of 50 ppb in the 1-hour maximum ozone level would lead to a 43% increase in the number of emergency visits for asthma on the following day. Exposure to high ozone levels (>110 ppb) for 2 consecutive days increased the number of asthma-related emergency visits by 68 percent. The results of this study suggest that ozone exposure is positively associated with the number of children's emergency visits for asthma in Mexico City.
C1 CTR INVEST SALUD PUBL,INST NACL SALUD PUBL,CUERNAVACA,MORELOS,MEXICO.
ORG PANAAMER SALUD,CTR PANAMER ECOL HUMANA & SALUD,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO.
HOSP INFANTIL MEXICO DR FEDERICO GOMEZ,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO.
INST NACL PEDIAT,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO.
INST INVEST MATEMAT APLICADAS & SISTEMAS,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012
OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962
NR 23
TC 117
Z9 120
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 6
BP 546
EP 553
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QN480
UT WOS:A1995QN48000009
PM 7900722
ER
PT J
AU BRENER, ND
COLLINS, JL
KANN, L
WARREN, CW
WILLIAMS, BI
AF BRENER, ND
COLLINS, JL
KANN, L
WARREN, CW
WILLIAMS, BI
TI RELIABILITY OF THE YOUTH RISK BEHAVIOR SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ADOLESCENCE; DATA COLLECTION; HEALTH SURVEYS; PSYCHOMETRICS
ID DRUG-USE; VALIDITY
AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) has been used on a biennial basis since 1990 to measure health risk behaviors of high school students nationwide. The YRBS measures behaviors related to intentional and unintentional injury, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, diet, and physical activity. The authors present the results from a test-retest reliability study of the YRBS, conducted by administering the YRBS questionnaire to 1,679 students in grades 7 through 12 on two occasions 14 days apart. The authors computed a kappa statistic for each of 53 self-report items and compared group prevalence estimates across the two testing occasions. Kappas ranged from 14.5% to 91.1%; 71.7% of the items were rated as having ''substantial'' or higher reliability (kappa = 61-100%). No significant differences were found between the prevalence estimates at time 1 and time 2. Responses of seventh grade students were less consistent than those of students in higher grades, indicating that the YRBS is best suited for students in grade 8 and above. Except for a few suspect items, students appeared to report personal health risk behaviors reliably over time. Reliability and validity issues in health behavior assessment also are discussed.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD.
NR 14
TC 513
Z9 517
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 6
BP 575
EP 580
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QN480
UT WOS:A1995QN48000012
PM 7900725
ER
PT J
AU MARGOLIS, HS
ALTER, MJ
AF MARGOLIS, HS
ALTER, MJ
TI WILL HEPATITIS-A BECOME A VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASE
SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID A VACCINE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC
RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572
SN 0003-4819
J9 ANN INTERN MED
JI Ann. Intern. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 122
IS 6
BP 464
EP 465
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM266
UT WOS:A1995QM26600011
PM 7856997
ER
PT J
AU GRIFFIN, M
GROSS, P
GARDNER, P
LAFORCE, FM
SCHAFFNER, W
EICKHOFF, T
STRIKAS, R
AF GRIFFIN, M
GROSS, P
GARDNER, P
LAFORCE, FM
SCHAFFNER, W
EICKHOFF, T
STRIKAS, R
TI ADULT IMMUNIZATIONS 1994 - RESPONSE
SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 INFECT DIS SOC AMER,PHILADELPHIA,PA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP GRIFFIN, M (reprint author), AMER COLL PHYSICIANS,INDEPENDENCE MALL W,6TH ST & RACE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19106, USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572
SN 0003-4819
J9 ANN INTERN MED
JI Ann. Intern. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 122
IS 6
BP 478
EP 478
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM266
UT WOS:A1995QM26600028
ER
PT J
AU PALACIO, M
AMADOR, JJ
ACEVEDO, F
DELOSREYES, J
RAMIREZ, A
GONZALEZ, A
HUELVA, G
JIMENEZ, R
RUIZ, F
CUADRA, R
GUZMAN, MG
KOURI, G
SOLER, M
ALVAREZ, M
RODRIGUEZ, R
MARTINEZ, E
QUIROZ, E
BAYARD, V
CAMPOS, C
VASQUEZ, MO
AF PALACIO, M
AMADOR, JJ
ACEVEDO, F
DELOSREYES, J
RAMIREZ, A
GONZALEZ, A
HUELVA, G
JIMENEZ, R
RUIZ, F
CUADRA, R
GUZMAN, MG
KOURI, G
SOLER, M
ALVAREZ, M
RODRIGUEZ, R
MARTINEZ, E
QUIROZ, E
BAYARD, V
CAMPOS, C
VASQUEZ, MO
TI DENGUE TYPE-3 INFECTION - NICARAGUA AND PANAMA, OCTOBER NOVEMBER 1994
(REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 21-24, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 HOSP MANOLO MORALES,MANAGUA,NICARAGUA.
HOSP ESCUELA,LEON,NICARAGUA.
PEDRO KOURI INST TROP MED,HAVANA,CUBA.
HOSP WILLIAM SOLER,HAVANA,CUBA.
MINIST HLTH,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA.
PAN AMER HLTH ORG,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,WASHINGTON,DC.
CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NIGARAGUA DENGUE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP PALACIO, M (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,MANAGUA,NICARAGUA.
NR 10
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 11
BP 840
EP 841
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QL402
UT WOS:A1995QL40200008
ER
PT J
AU GFROERER, J
AF GFROERER, J
TI INDICATORS OF NICOTINE ADDICTION AMONG WOMEN - UNITED-STATES, 1991-1992
(REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 102-105, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP GFROERER, J (reprint author), CDC,SUBST ABUSE & MENTAL HLTH SERV ADM,OFF APPL STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 11
BP 842
EP 842
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QL402
UT WOS:A1995QL40200009
ER
PT J
AU STAES, C
MATTE, T
STAELING, N
ROSENBLUM, L
BINDER, S
AF STAES, C
MATTE, T
STAELING, N
ROSENBLUM, L
BINDER, S
TI LEAD-POISONING DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1988
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
RP STAES, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 5
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 11
BP 847
EP 848
DI 10.1001/jama.273.11.847
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QL402
UT WOS:A1995QL40200019
PM 7869552
ER
PT J
AU CHU, SY
HANSON, DL
CIESIELSKI, C
WARD, JW
AF CHU, SY
HANSON, DL
CIESIELSKI, C
WARD, JW
TI PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA AT HIGHER CD4(+)
T-CELL COUNTS
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 11
BP 848
EP 848
DI 10.1001/jama.273.11.848
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QL402
UT WOS:A1995QL40200020
PM 7869553
ER
PT J
AU GUINAN, ME
AF GUINAN, ME
TI ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION BY DONOR - SAFETY AND SECRECY
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SEMEN DONORS; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS
RP GUINAN, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS,MS D21,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 11
BP 890
EP 891
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QL402
UT WOS:A1995QL40200030
PM 7869563
ER
PT J
AU WILLIAMSON, GD
MASSEY, JT
SHULMAN, HB
SIEBER, WK
SMITH, SJ
AF WILLIAMSON, GD
MASSEY, JT
SHULMAN, HB
SIEBER, WK
SMITH, SJ
TI SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR UTILIZATION OF MULTISOURCE DATA IN
PUBLIC-HEALTH - PROLOGUE
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP WILLIAMSON, GD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 447
EP 448
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140502
PG 2
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000001
ER
PT J
AU DOWDLE, WR
AF DOWDLE, WR
TI SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR UTILIZATION OF MULTISOURCE DATA IN
PUBLIC-HEALTH - OPENING REMARKS
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP DOWDLE, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 455
EP 455
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140506
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000002
ER
PT J
AU SMITH, SJ
CAUDILL, SP
STEINBERG, KK
THACKER, SB
AF SMITH, SJ
CAUDILL, SP
STEINBERG, KK
THACKER, SB
TI ON COMBINING DOSE-RESPONSE DATA FROM EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES BY
METAANALYSIS
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; METAANALYSIS; CANCER
AB Using data from a meta-analysis of the effects of oestrogen replacement therapy on the development of breast cancer, we compared alternative methods for combining dose-response slopes from epidemiological studies. We evaluated issues related both to summarizing data from single studies and to combining results from multiple studies. Findings related to the analysis of individual dose-response studies include: (I) a method of weighing studies that gives greater influence to dose-response slopes that conform to the linear relation of relative risk to duration can lead to large differences in calculated weights as a function of non-linearity; (2) a regression model using a variable-intercept resulted in a mean dose-response slope that increased as much as threefold when compared with the values obtained with a zero-intercept model. When combining results from multiple studies, we found: (1) calculating standard errors of mean dose-response slopes by methods that allow for both among-study and within-study variability (a random-effects type model) gave values different from a method that assumes homogeneity and equal within-study precision (a fixed-effects model); (2) the random-effects model gives mean and standard error results most similar to a bootstrap resampling method as increasing heterogeneity is observed (however, this model could give biased mean estimates compared with the bootstrap method); (3) a components-of-variance model compares favourably with the bootstrap and is easier to apply than the random-effects model. Based on these findings, we recommend the use of methods which incorporate heterogeneity to guard against underestimating the standard error. However, caution is urged because bias in point estimates can occur if extreme heterogeneity is present. Two other observations affect the interpretation of data combined from multiple studies. First, inclusion into a model of quality scores assigned by blinded reviewers had little effect on the mean dose-response slope and its standard error. Second, the number of studies required to achieve desired statistical power, varies with effect size.
RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,STAT GRP,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,NE,MAIL STOP F25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 531
EP 544
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140513
PG 14
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000009
PM 7792446
ER
PT J
AU EZZATI, TM
HOFFMAN, K
JUDKINS, DR
MASSEY, JT
MOORE, TF
AF EZZATI, TM
HOFFMAN, K
JUDKINS, DR
MASSEY, JT
MOORE, TF
TI A DUAL FRAME DESIGN FOR SAMPLING ELDERLY MINORITIES AND PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB Multiple data sources are sometimes available as potential sampling frames for population surveys, and in some situations the use of a multiple frame sample design is more advantageous than using a single sampling frame, The use of multiple sampling frames, however, has variance and bias implications, as well as sampling, data collection, and logistical considerations, These issues are addressed for a proposed dual frame sampling approach in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The results of an investigation of the sampling efficiencies and operational issues in supplementing the NHIS area frame sample with a sample of elderly African and Hispanic Americans and persons with disabilities selected from Social Security Administration files are presented.
C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
US BUR CENSUS,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP EZZATI, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 571
EP 583
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140515
PG 13
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000011
PM 7792448
ER
PT J
AU CAUDILL, SP
HILL, RH
AF CAUDILL, SP
HILL, RH
TI MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS TESTS IN MULTIPLE INVESTIGATIONS
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; P-VALUES; EVALUATE; PLOTS
AB Inferential statistical methods have traditionally been based on the assumption that one experiment is performed and that interest centres on one or more predetermined hypothesis tests. Exploratory research, on the other hand, often involves multiple hypotheses or repeated investigations under similar or different conditions or both. Several techniques have been proposed to deal with multiple or simultaneous hypothesis testing in single investigations, and procedures to combine observed significance levels for an individual hypothesis test from two or more investigations have been suggested. In this paper we propose a method for identifying important results from multiple statistical tests in multiple investigations. The method is illustrated by using high performance liquid chromatography to identify potential aetiologic contaminants in L-tryptophan samples.
RP CAUDILL, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 585
EP 589
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140516
PG 5
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000012
PM 7792449
ER
PT J
AU NOBRE, FF
DEMACEDO, MMA
AF NOBRE, FF
DEMACEDO, MMA
TI FEASIBILITY OF CONTOUR MAPPING EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA WITH MISSING VALUES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB Data of epidemiologic interest often occur as spatial information during each of several time periods. In most cases data are available from a set of regions or localities which can be viewed as points in a plane. Although contour mapping is useful for displaying these data, the lack of data for all data points in a region may lead to erroneous interpretation, In this paper we use simulation to investigate the impact of missing data points for contour mapping using two distinct simulated spatial-time distributions for epidemiologic variables. A model for the occurrence of malaria in localities randomly distributed in one region is chosen as the prototype far data generation.
C1 UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,COORDENACAO PROGRAMAS POSGRAD ENGN,PROGRAMA ENGN BIOMED,BR-21945 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RI Nobre, Flavio/K-6179-2012
NR 10
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 605
EP 613
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140518
PG 9
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000014
PM 7792451
ER
PT J
AU PICKLE, LW
WHITE, AA
AF PICKLE, LW
WHITE, AA
TI EFFECTS OF THE CHOICE OF AGE-ADJUSTMENT METHOD ON MAPS OF DEATH RATES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID MORTALITY; MODELS
AB Maps of morbidity or mortality rates, whether considered individually or as a layer in a geographic information system application, invite multiple comparisons of area rates. However, comparisons of rates across different populations require standardization of the age-specific rates to account for differences in population age structures. The indirect standardization method, or equivalently the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), has been recommended for small areas where age-specific rates can be quite variable. Although theoretically equivalent to directly adjusted rates under the assumption of independent age and area effects, indirect summary measures are not comparable across areas when this assumption is violated. We tested the validity of this assumption for the 10 most common causes of death in the United States during 1980-84 and examined the geographic clustering apparent when categorized death rates, adjusted by different methods, are presented as thematic maps. Although overall agreement between the methods was good (rank correlation coefficient > 82 per cent for each cause), when the adjusted rates were classified into quintiles 18 per cent of the states fell into different categories depending on the method of adjustment. Using an internal standard for the indirect method reduced this discrepancy to 4.9 per cent. However, both traditional chi-square tests and a generalized logistic spline model identified significant interactions between age and area for each cause of death, a violation of the assumption required for equivalence of the methods. Potential variation in geographic inferences is illustrated by maps of direct and indirect rates and an empirical Bayes posterior mean, which is a function of these traditionally adjusted rates. Based on these results, we recommend the direct age-adjustment method for rate maps.
RP PICKLE, LW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF RES METHODOL,ROOM 915,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 26
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 615
EP 627
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140519
PG 13
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000015
PM 7792452
ER
PT J
AU THACKER, SB
STROUP, DF
ROTHENBERG, RB
BROWNSON, RC
AF THACKER, SB
STROUP, DF
ROTHENBERG, RB
BROWNSON, RC
TI PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE FOR CHRONIC CONDITIONS - A SCIENTIFIC BASIS
FOR DECISIONS
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; SMOKING; RISK; DISEASE; CANCER; STATISTICS
AB In this paper we investigate the important contribution of multiple public health surveillance systems to policy in chronic disease control and prevention, We show that, typically, surveillance for chronic diseases relies on multiple data sources, often created for another purpose. We also define the concept of burden for chronic conditions based on data from multiple sources. An example from a state illustrates a model for combining data for use in policy development. These applications illustrate the central role of statistical methods in ensuring the appropriate use of data from multiple surveillance systems.
C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO.
RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAIL STOP C08,1600 CLIFTON RD,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU700950]
NR 53
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 5
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 629
EP 641
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140520
PG 13
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000016
PM 7792453
ER
PT J
AU MADANS, JH
REUBEN, CA
ROTHWELL, ST
EBERHARDT, MS
AF MADANS, JH
REUBEN, CA
ROTHWELL, ST
EBERHARDT, MS
TI DIFFERENCES IN MORBIDITY MEASURES AND RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION USING
MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES - THE CASE OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB The NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study contains several sources of information that can be used to define case status. Incidence rates and relative risks associated with selected, documented risk factors for heart disease were estimated using nine different case definitions. Despite wide variation in the estimates of incidence, the characteristics of the cases were remarkably similar as were the risks associated with heart disease incidence. The main difference occurred when cases were defined on the basis of death certificate information. Cases defined this way are more severe and models based on this definition result in relative risks of greater magnitude.
RP MADANS, JH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 1080,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 8
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 643
EP 653
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140521
PG 11
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000017
PM 7792454
ER
PT J
AU BOTMAN, SL
JACK, SS
AF BOTMAN, SL
JACK, SS
TI COMBINING NATIONAL-HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY DATASETS - ISSUES AND
APPROACHES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper identifies issues, special problems, and approaches in preparing estimates when combining National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets. Such datasets can be used to produce estimates jointly based on individual NHIS survey components. This paper illustrates several issues associated with the analysis of multiple related datasets.
RP BOTMAN, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BECREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 9
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 669
EP 677
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140523
PG 9
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000019
PM 7792456
ER
PT J
AU STROUP, NE
AF STROUP, NE
TI UTILIZATION .1. SPECIAL DATASETS
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP STROUP, NE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 691
EP 692
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140526
PG 2
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000022
PM 7792459
ER
PT J
AU TRUMAN, BI
AF TRUMAN, BI
TI STUDY DESIGN AND PUBLIC-HEALTH PLANNING
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP TRUMAN, BI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 695
EP 696
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140528
PG 2
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000024
PM 7792461
ER
PT J
AU WHITE, AA
AF WHITE, AA
TI MAPPING AND GEOGRAPHIC DISPLAY OF DATA
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP WHITE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF RES & METHODOL,STAT TECHNOL STAFF,RM 915,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 697
EP 699
DI 10.1002/sim.4780140529
PG 3
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000025
PM 7540768
ER
PT J
AU ING, R
AF ING, R
TI AUTOMATED PARSING OF NATURAL-LANGUAGE TEXT DATA FROM DEATH CERTIFICATES
AND OTHER SOURCES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 703
EP 703
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000027
ER
PT J
AU FRIEDE, A
FREEDMAN, MA
AF FRIEDE, A
FREEDMAN, MA
TI DATA2000 - A COMPUTER-SYSTEM TO LINK OBJECTIVES, DATA SOURCES, AND
CONTACTS
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 704
EP 704
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000029
ER
PT J
AU PALLOS, LL
BURG, JAR
AF PALLOS, LL
BURG, JAR
TI THE NATIONAL EXPOSURE TRICHLOROETHYLENE SUBREGISTRY - ASSESSING HEALTH
TRENDS AT MULTIPLE WASTE SITES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 705
EP 705
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000031
ER
PT J
AU ROSE, D
WINN, DM
HORM, J
POE, GS
AF ROSE, D
WINN, DM
HORM, J
POE, GS
TI USING THE NHIS AS THE UNDERLYING POPULATION IN MULTISOURCE DATA-ANALYSIS
- SOME RECENT EXAMPLES
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 705
EP 705
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000030
ER
PT J
AU WASSILAK, SGF
GLASSER, JW
CHEN, RT
BLACK, SB
MULLOOLY, JP
THOMPSON, RS
AF WASSILAK, SGF
GLASSER, JW
CHEN, RT
BLACK, SB
MULLOOLY, JP
THOMPSON, RS
TI DESIGN OF A MULTICENTER STUDY OF ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING VACCINATION IN
CHILDHOOD
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 706
EP 706
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000032
ER
PT J
AU HALL, HI
GOMEZ, TM
KAYE, WE
PRICEGREEN, PA
WHITE, JW
AF HALL, HI
GOMEZ, TM
KAYE, WE
PRICEGREEN, PA
WHITE, JW
TI DESIGN OF A MULTISOURCE DATA STUDY - ATSDRS HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
EMERGENCY EVENTS SURVEILLANCE (HSEES) SYSTEM
SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0277-6715
J9 STAT MED
JI Stat. Med.
PD MAR 15
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 5-7
BP 707
EP 707
PG 1
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research &
Experimental; Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental
Medicine; Mathematics
GA QP760
UT WOS:A1995QP76000033
ER
PT J
AU HOUCK, P
HEMPHILL, M
LACROIX, S
HIRSH, D
COX, N
AF HOUCK, P
HEMPHILL, M
LACROIX, S
HIRSH, D
COX, N
TI AMANTADINE-RESISTANT INFLUENZA-A IN NURSING-HOMES - IDENTIFICATION OF A
RESISTANT VIRUS PRIOR TO DRUG-USE
SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID A VIRUS; RIMANTADINE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EMERGENCE;
SUSCEPTIBILITY; GENE
AB Background: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride have been used for treatment and prevention of influenza A infection in nursing home residents. Outbreaks of influenza A (H3N2) virus infection occurred in three nursing homes in Yakima County, Washington, during January 1992. Amantadine was used for case treatment and prophylaxis in all three nursing homes.
Methods: Ten influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated during the outbreaks were examined for resistance to amantadine and rimantadine by means of an enzyme immunoassay and by sequencing of the viral nucleic acid that encodes the transmembrane domain of the M2 protein.
Results: Five of the outbreak strains were resistant and had the same mutation (position 31, serine to asparagine) in the M2 protein. The resistant viruses included one that had been recovered prior to any use of amantadine and another that was recovered within 48 hours of the first drug administration.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of influenza A virus with RNA sequence-documented resistance to amantadine and rimantadine without exposure to either drug, and the shortest reported period between institution of amantadine therapy and isolation of a resistant influenza A virus strain. These results suggest that surveillance for amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant influenza A is needed, because use of these drugs will probably increase.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,PUBL HLTH LABS,VIROL LAB,SEATTLE,WA.
YAKIMA HLTH DIST,YAKIMA,WA.
RP HOUCK, P (reprint author), HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,2201 6TH AVE,MS RX-42,REG X,SEATTLE,WA 98121, USA.
NR 26
TC 47
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0003-9926
J9 ARCH INTERN MED
JI Arch. Intern Med.
PD MAR 13
PY 1995
VL 155
IS 5
BP 533
EP 537
DI 10.1001/archinte.155.5.533
PG 5
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QL793
UT WOS:A1995QL79300010
PM 7864709
ER
PT J
AU ACKAH, AN
COULIBALY, D
DIGBEU, H
DIALLO, K
VETTER, KM
COULIBALY, IM
GREENBERG, AE
DECOCK, KM
AF ACKAH, AN
COULIBALY, D
DIGBEU, H
DIALLO, K
VETTER, KM
COULIBALY, IM
GREENBERG, AE
DECOCK, KM
TI RESPONSE TO TREATMENT, MORTALITY, AND CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS IN
HIV-INFECTED PERSONS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-1-INFECTED
PATIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ZAIRE; KENYA; MORBIDITY; KINSHASA;
NAIROBI; CITY
AB We examined the severity of immune deficiency in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in Cote d'Ivoire and assessed its effect on mortality and response to treatment.
Consecutive patients attending a tuberculosis treatment in Abidjan with smear-positive pulmonary or diagnosed extrapulmonary tuberculosis were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and had CD4 lymphocyte counts measured. Patients received standard short-course chemotherapy. Analysis of outcome (restricted to smear-positive tuberculosis patients) was done at 6 months. The 247 HIV-positive patients were significantly more likely than the 312 HIV-negative patients to have CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 200/mu L (43% vs 1%; odds ratio 56.9; [95% CI 19.7-185.3]) and 200-499/mu L (39% vs 14%, odds ratio 3.8; [2.5-5.9]). HIV-positive patients, median CD4 lymphocyte in those with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (198/mu L; n=67) was lower, but not significantly so, than among those with pulmonary tuberculosis (257/mu L; n=180). Among 460 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the overall mortality rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative persons (6% vs 0.4%; relative risk 17.1 [2.2-131.4]), and increased with the severity of immune deficiency; mortality rates in HIV-positive patients with CD4 counts of <200/mu L and 200-499/mu L were 10% and 4%, relative risk 27.6 (3.5-220.8); and 11.5 (1.2-109), respectively, compared to HIV-negatives. Among patients completing treatment, cure rates were similar in HIV-positive patients (93%) and HIV-negative patients (92%), and were not related to CD4 counts. Severity of immune deficiency was the major determinant of mortality in HIV-associated tuberculosis. Among people completing treatment, microbiological response was satisfactory irrespective of serological or immune status.
C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE.
CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE.
EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 20
TC 178
Z9 182
U1 0
U2 2
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAR 11
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8950
BP 607
EP 610
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90519-7
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM075
UT WOS:A1995QM07500007
PM 7898177
ER
PT J
AU BERN, C
NATHANAIL, L
AF BERN, C
NATHANAIL, L
TI IS MID-UPPER-ARM CIRCUMFERENCE A USEFUL TOOL FOR SCREENING IN EMERGENCY
SETTINGS
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDREN
AB In refugee emergencies, rapid collection of nutritional data provides important information for public-health planning. In Rwandan refugee camps in eastern Zaire in August, 1994, a two-step procedure of screening for referral to supplementary feeding programmes was used-mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) followed by weight-for-height for children with MUAC of less than 12 cm. To assess the usefulness of this procedure, we analysed data from complete screening of 3681 children in three camps. The performance of MUAC varied with the cut-off chosen; a high cut-off of 14 cm allowed detection of 88% of children with low weight-for-height but at the cost of measuring more than 40% of children in the second step. MUAC preferentially selects younger children as malnourished, and misses older children with low weight-for-height. The groups of children chosen by low MUAC and by low weight-for-height have poor overlap, varying from 20% to 391 overlap depending on age. Thus two-step screening does not save as much time as might be expected and low MUAC cannot be used as a substitute for low weight-for-height. For decision-making in refugee settings, weight-for-height surveys or screening are probably more efficient strategies for data collection.
C1 SAVE CHILDREN FUND,POLICY DEPT UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND.
RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 1
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAR 11
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8950
BP 631
EP 633
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90527-8
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QM075
UT WOS:A1995QM07500015
PM 7898183
ER
PT J
AU BURRI, BJ
NEIDLINGER, T
OMAYE, S
CLIFFORD, AJ
SOWELL, AL
AF BURRI, BJ
NEIDLINGER, T
OMAYE, S
CLIFFORD, AJ
SOWELL, AL
TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY VITAMIN-E ON ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AND ANTIOXIDANT
STATUS IN WOMEN
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616.
UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89557.
USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A764
EP A764
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40600811
ER
PT J
AU DUTRA, WO
COFFMAN, RL
CANCADO, JR
GOLLOB, KJ
CORRESOLIVEIRA, R
BRENER, Z
COLLEY, DG
GAZZINELLI, G
PARRA, J
AF DUTRA, WO
COFFMAN, RL
CANCADO, JR
GOLLOB, KJ
CORRESOLIVEIRA, R
BRENER, Z
COLLEY, DG
GAZZINELLI, G
PARRA, J
TI PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS FRESHLY ISOLATED FROM CHAGASIC
PATIENTS DISPLAY A PROFILE CONSISTENT WITH ACTIVATION
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL.
UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,ICB,DEPT BIOQ IMUNOL,BR-30000 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL.
UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,MED CTR,BR-30000 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL.
DNAX RES INST MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL INC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304.
CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A782
EP A782
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40600911
ER
PT J
AU MEYER, LG
SAXTON, JL
LOTZ, WG
AF MEYER, LG
SAXTON, JL
LOTZ, WG
TI CHANGES IN FLUID BALANCE HORMONES IN RHESUS-MONKEYS DURING COLD-AIR
EXPOSURE
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
USN,AER MED RES LAB,PENSACOLA,FL 32508.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A646
EP A646
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40600128
ER
PT J
AU MORGAN, J
DIAS, JCP
GONTIJO, ED
BAHIAOLIVEIRA, L
CORREAOLIVEIRA, R
COLLEY, D
POWELL, M
AF MORGAN, J
DIAS, JCP
GONTIJO, ED
BAHIAOLIVEIRA, L
CORREAOLIVEIRA, R
COLLEY, D
POWELL, M
TI CHAGAS-DISEASE - ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI ANTIBODY ISOTYPES DIFFER IN
PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CNPQ RENE RACHOU,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL.
EMORY UNIV,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
CDC,NCID,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013
OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A809
EP A809
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40601069
ER
PT J
AU MOSS, D
CHAPPELL, C
ARROWOOD, M
LAMMIE, P
DUPONT, H
AF MOSS, D
CHAPPELL, C
ARROWOOD, M
LAMMIE, P
DUPONT, H
TI KINETIC-ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULINS FROM VOLUNTEERS
EXPERIMENTALLY EXPOSED TO CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR INFECT DIS,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A1036
EP A1036
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40602383
ER
PT J
AU PERRY, GS
HAMZA, AS
SABRY, ZI
MENZA, V
AF PERRY, GS
HAMZA, AS
SABRY, ZI
MENZA, V
TI RISK-FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD MALNUTRITION IN THE FACE OF FOOD SECURITY
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
MINIST AGR,CAIRO,EGYPT.
UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94706.
FAO,I-00100 ROME,ITALY.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A1009
EP A1009
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40602228
ER
PT J
AU RAMACHANDRA, RN
DAWSON, JE
BERGMAN, DK
EWING, SA
WIKEL, SK
AF RAMACHANDRA, RN
DAWSON, JE
BERGMAN, DK
EWING, SA
WIKEL, SK
TI EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS INFECTION - CYTOKINE AND IN-VITRO LYMPHOCYTE
BLASTOGENESIS BY CELLS OF INFECTED C3H/HEJ MICE
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP A811
EP A811
PN 2
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QM406
UT WOS:A1995QM40601077
ER
PT J
AU BESANSKY, NJ
BENEDICT, MQ
CHANG, H
COLLINS, FH
AF BESANSKY, NJ
BENEDICT, MQ
CHANG, H
COLLINS, FH
TI THE WHITE LOCUS OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE - GENE STRUCTURE AND MUTANT
ISOLATION
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
SU 21A
BP 196
EP 196
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA QT864
UT WOS:A1995QT86400710
ER
PT J
AU ZHENG, L
BENEDICT, M
CORNEL, A
VOSS, H
ANSORGE, W
KAFATOS, F
COLLINS, F
AF ZHENG, L
BENEDICT, M
CORNEL, A
VOSS, H
ANSORGE, W
KAFATOS, F
COLLINS, F
TI TOWARD GENETIC-MAPPING OF THE REFRACTORY MECHANISM OF ENCAPSULATION IN
ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EMBL,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY.
CDC,MALARIA BRANCH F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
SU 21A
BP 203
EP 203
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA QT864
UT WOS:A1995QT86400739
ER
PT J
AU GORMAN, M
CORNEL, A
COLLINS, F
SALAZAR, C
HAN, YS
PASKEWITZ, S
AF GORMAN, M
CORNEL, A
COLLINS, F
SALAZAR, C
HAN, YS
PASKEWITZ, S
TI GENETIC-MAPPING OF GENES INVOLVED IN A MELANIZATION RESPONSE IN
ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE
SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VECTOR GENET UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0730-2312
J9 J CELL BIOCHEM
JI J. Cell. Biochem.
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
SU 21A
BP 207
EP 207
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA QT864
UT WOS:A1995QT86400750
ER
PT J
AU VANCHIERE, JA
BELLINI, WJ
MOYER, SA
AF VANCHIERE, JA
BELLINI, WJ
MOYER, SA
TI HYPERMUTATION OF THE PHOSPHOPROTEIN AND ALTERED MESSENGER-RNA EDITING IN
THE HAMSTER NEUROTROPIC STRAIN OF MEASLES-VIRUS
SO VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; MESSENGER-RNA SYNTHESIS; SENDAI
VIRUS; P-GENE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BIASED HYPERMUTATION;
SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MATRIX PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION; CELLS
AB Sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein (P) genes of viruses in the hamster neurotropic lineage of measles virus revealed that the neurotropic variants are quite different from the Philadelphia 26 progenitor strain. In Vero cells persistently infected with the hamster neurotropic strain, predicted changes occur in 5.0% of the nucleoprotein and 8.1% of the P amino acids and some of these changes appear to affect the relative electrophoretic mobility of each protein. To evaluate one aspect of the viral polymerase complex containing these mutations, the distribution of P mRNA editing in each of the three strains was determined by both cloning and sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragments which included the editing site and by primer extension analysis of viral mRNA. Editing of P mRNA in the neurotropic strains shows a shift away from the single G insertion product to those with greater than 2 Gs inserted. The altered editing distribution has implications for the role of transcriptional regulation in measles virus persistence.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV FLORIDA,SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MED MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610.
UNIV FLORIDA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610.
EMORY UNIV,PROGRAM NEUROSCI,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-11123]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI32127]; NINDS NIH HHS
[NS-27847]
NR 38
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0042-6822
J9 VIROLOGY
JI Virology
PD MAR 10
PY 1995
VL 207
IS 2
BP 555
EP 561
DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1116
PG 7
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA QN321
UT WOS:A1995QN32100024
PM 7886959
ER
PT J
AU OARI, SH
SHI, YP
PIENIAZEK, NJ
COLLINS, WE
LAL, AA
AF OARI, SH
SHI, YP
PIENIAZEK, NJ
COLLINS, WE
LAL, AA
TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE MALARIA PARASITES
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 145
EP 145
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98700870
ER
PT J
AU STOLTZFUS, RJ
YIP, R
CHWAYA, HM
ALAWI, KS
ALBONICO, M
SCHULZE, KJ
TIELSCH, J
SAVIOLI, L
AF STOLTZFUS, RJ
YIP, R
CHWAYA, HM
ALAWI, KS
ALBONICO, M
SCHULZE, KJ
TIELSCH, J
SAVIOLI, L
TI QUANTITATION OF HOOKWORM BLOOD-LOSS AND IRON STATUS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DIV HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205.
CDC,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
WHO,PROGRAMME INTESTINAL PARASIT INFECT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND.
MINIST HLTH,ZANZIBAR,TANZANIA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 164
EP 164
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98700983
ER
PT J
AU QUATAERT, M
VANDERPOLL, C
BULUX, J
SOLOMONS, NW
MAY, S
MABERLY, G
AF QUATAERT, M
VANDERPOLL, C
BULUX, J
SOLOMONS, NW
MAY, S
MABERLY, G
TI CAN FIELD TESTING FOR SALT IODINE CONTENT PROVIDE INSIGHTS ON THE
ECOLOGY OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA.
EMORY UNIV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROGRAM AGAINST MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30329.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 165
EP 165
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98700988
ER
PT J
AU YIP, R
SIMMONS, W
AF YIP, R
SIMMONS, W
TI DETERMINING THE NATURE OF ANEMIA AND IRON-DEFICIENCY USING HEMOGLOBIN
DISTRIBUTIONS
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CARIBBEAN FOOD & NUTR INST,KINGSTON,JAMAICA.
CDC,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 165
EP 165
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98700985
ER
PT J
AU BOND, KB
MCNICHOLL, JM
KWAN, BW
TAM, JP
ELSON, CO
HUNTER, RL
AF BOND, KB
MCNICHOLL, JM
KWAN, BW
TAM, JP
ELSON, CO
HUNTER, RL
TI ORALLY-ADMINISTERED LIPO-MAPS ADJUVANTED WITH BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AND
CHOLERA-TOXIN INDUCE MUCOSAL IMMUNITY TO HIV-1
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37232.
UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294.
RI Tam, James/A-2176-2011
OI Tam, James/0000-0003-4433-198X
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A215
EP A215
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701272
ER
PT J
AU DAVIS, MK
AF DAVIS, MK
TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL INFANT-FEEDING AND CHRONIC DISEASE IN
CHILDHOOD - EVIDENCE FOR CAUSALITY
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A444
EP A444
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98702595
ER
PT J
AU GREENE, RM
TSANG, VCW
PILCHER, JB
AF GREENE, RM
TSANG, VCW
PILCHER, JB
TI OPTIMIZATION OF THE COVALENT CONJUGATING PROCEDURE (NAIO4) OF
HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE TO ANTIBODIES FOR USE IN
ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 US PHS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
US PHS,CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A228
EP A228
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701351
ER
PT J
AU HEARN, TL
HUNTER, RL
OLSEN, MR
AF HEARN, TL
HUNTER, RL
OLSEN, MR
TI MUCOSAL AND SYSTEMIC ANTIBODIES IN MICE AFTER ORAL INFUSIONS WITH
ANTIGENS IN WATER-IN-OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS CONTAINING BLOCK-COPOLYMER
P1005
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV LAB SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A215
EP A215
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701275
ER
PT J
AU JOHNSON, P
TSANG, V
ARROWOOD, M
AF JOHNSON, P
TSANG, V
ARROWOOD, M
TI QUANTITATIVE ASSAY DEVELOPMENT FOR CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A229
EP A229
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701352
ER
PT J
AU KIDD, MR
PATTERSON, PS
LAL, AA
HUNTER, RL
AF KIDD, MR
PATTERSON, PS
LAL, AA
HUNTER, RL
TI ANTIGEN PREPARATION PRESERVING LABILE EPITOPES
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A231
EP A231
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701365
ER
PT J
AU PATTERSON, PS
KIDD, MR
BOSSHARDT, SC
HUNTER, RL
LAL, AA
AF PATTERSON, PS
KIDD, MR
BOSSHARDT, SC
HUNTER, RL
LAL, AA
TI PROTECTION IN P-YOELII BLOOD-STAGE MODEL ASSOCIATED WITH TH2 TYPE
CYTOKINE RESPONSE
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CDC,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A230
EP A230
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701362
ER
PT J
AU REED, RC
OARI, SH
LOUISWILEMAN, V
SYED, U
FANG, HS
JUE, D
WOHLHUETER, R
COLLINS, WE
HUNTER, RL
LAL, AA
AF REED, RC
OARI, SH
LOUISWILEMAN, V
SYED, U
FANG, HS
JUE, D
WOHLHUETER, R
COLLINS, WE
HUNTER, RL
LAL, AA
TI INDUCTION OF STERILE IMMUNITY TO RODENT MALARIA AND IN-VITRO INHIBITION
OF GROWTH OF HUMAN MALARIA USING A MULTIPLE ANTIGEN PEPTIDE SYSTEM
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
CTR DIS CONTROL,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A207
EP A207
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701228
ER
PT J
AU RUHADZE, E
MCNICHOLL, JM
BOND, KB
OLSON, MR
KWAN, BW
TAKAYAMA, KK
MCDOUGAL, JS
HUNTER, RL
AF RUHADZE, E
MCNICHOLL, JM
BOND, KB
OLSON, MR
KWAN, BW
TAKAYAMA, KK
MCDOUGAL, JS
HUNTER, RL
TI ADJUVANT FORMULATIONS ENHANCE HUMORAL AND CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSES TO
HIV-1 SUBUNIT VACCINES
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53703.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A208
EP A208
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701234
ER
PT J
AU RYAN, KR
KIDD, MR
DUNCAN, A
LAL, AA
HUNTER, RL
AF RYAN, KR
KIDD, MR
DUNCAN, A
LAL, AA
HUNTER, RL
TI ASSOCIATION OF PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY WITH ENHANCED MALARIA IN MICE
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A231
EP A231
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701366
ER
PT J
AU TORRES, OR
CRUZ, JR
FIELDS, P
CAMEROON, D
WELLS, J
AF TORRES, OR
CRUZ, JR
FIELDS, P
CAMEROON, D
WELLS, J
TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A DNA-OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE FOR
ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 INCAP,PROGRAM NUTR & INFECT,GUATEMALA CITY 01011,GUATEMALA.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A478
EP A478
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98702796
ER
PT J
AU WANG, Y
HAGEDORN, CH
NICHOLS, BL
BRADLEY, DW
BEACH, MJ
AF WANG, Y
HAGEDORN, CH
NICHOLS, BL
BRADLEY, DW
BEACH, MJ
TI VIRAL-PROTEINS IN A HEPATITIS-C CELL-CULTURE SYSTEM
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A409
EP A409
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98702396
ER
PT J
AU XIAO, L
YANG, C
DOROVINIZIS, K
TANDON, NN
LAI, AA
UDHAYAKUMAR, V
AF XIAO, L
YANG, C
DOROVINIZIS, K
TANDON, NN
LAI, AA
UDHAYAKUMAR, V
TI CYTOADHERENCE OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES TO
ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS MAY INVOLVE UNIDENTIFIED CYTOADHERENCE RECEPTOR(S)
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
VANCOUVER GEN HOSP,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA.
AMER RED CROSS,BETHESDA,MD.
RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 9
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP A231
EP A231
PN 1
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA QL987
UT WOS:A1995QL98701364
ER
PT J
AU MOKOTOFF, ED
DUNN, RA
JOHNSON, DR
WILCOX, KR
BURGER, L
LETT, S
AF MOKOTOFF, ED
DUNN, RA
JOHNSON, DR
WILCOX, KR
BURGER, L
LETT, S
TI TRANSMISSION OF PERTUSSIS FROM ADULT TO INFANT - MICHIGAN, 1993
(REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 74-76, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID PREVENTION
C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,IMMUNIZAT SECT,LANSING,MI 48909.
MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,LANSING,MI 48909.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA.
RP MOKOTOFF, ED (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIS SURVEILLANCE SECT,LANSING,MI 48909, USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 8
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 10
BP 768
EP 768
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QJ750
UT WOS:A1995QJ75000006
ER
PT J
AU HARDMAN, MS
BALLESCA, MA
SENSENG, DM
SPENCER, S
HANNA, SD
LOUDEN, BM
MOREHEAD, MA
ANDERSON, P
MCTAGGART, B
KHAN, A
MARFIN, AA
MARKS, PJ
SANG, E
FISHER, MA
FARR, RW
MERRILL, J
SLEMP, C
LAMBERT, F
DODD, D
HADDY, L
AF HARDMAN, MS
BALLESCA, MA
SENSENG, DM
SPENCER, S
HANNA, SD
LOUDEN, BM
MOREHEAD, MA
ANDERSON, P
MCTAGGART, B
KHAN, A
MARFIN, AA
MARKS, PJ
SANG, E
FISHER, MA
FARR, RW
MERRILL, J
SLEMP, C
LAMBERT, F
DODD, D
HADDY, L
TI HUMAN RABIES - WEST-VIRGINIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG
86-87, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 ST JOSEPHS HOSP,PARKERSBURG,WV 26101.
W VIRGINIA UNIV,ROBERT C BYRD HLTH SCI CTR,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506.
MID OHIO VALLEY HLTH DEPT,ELIZABETH,OH.
W VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH & HUMAN RESOURCES,CHARLESTON,WV.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP HARDMAN, MS (reprint author), ROANE GEN HOSP,200 HOSP DR,SPENCER,WV 25276, USA.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 8
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 10
BP 769
EP 770
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QJ750
UT WOS:A1995QJ75000008
ER
PT J
AU CONLISK, E
SIEGEL, M
LENGERICH, E
MACKENZIE, W
MALEK, S
ERIKSEN, M
AF CONLISK, E
SIEGEL, M
LENGERICH, E
MACKENZIE, W
MALEK, S
ERIKSEN, M
TI THE STATUS OF LOCAL SMOKING REGULATIONS IN NORTH-CAROLINA FOLLOWING A
STATE PREEMPTION BILL
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Note
ID RISK
AB Objective.-To determine the number and protectiveness of local smoking regulations adopted before the implementation of a preemptive statewide smoking control bill.
Method.-Review of local smoking control regulations from all 100 counties and 85 municipalities with populations greater than 5000 in North Carolina.
Main Outcome Measures.-Adoption of local smoking control regulations before and during the 3-month delay in enactment of the preemptive bill. Protectiveness of regulations was based on restrictions on smoking and requirements for separate ventilation systems at private work sites: none (smoking unrestricted); minimal (smoking restricted to designated areas); partial (smoking restricted to designated areas served by separate ventilation systems); and complete (smoking prohibited). Because some regulations would be phased in gradually over the next 5 years, we evaluated the requirements that will be in effect by January 1, 2000.
Results.-Between July 15 and October 15, 1993, the number of local smoking regulations in North Carolina increased from 16 to 105. By the year 2000, 59% of private employees still will not be guaranteed any protection from work site environmental tobacco smoke; 19% will have minimal protection, 22% will have partial protection, and none will have complete protection.
Conclusions.-The 3-month delay in preemption created an unnatural time frame for communities to organize, debate, and adopt smoking restrictions. Despite the adoption of 89 new regulations, no private employees will be guaranteed complete protection from work site environmental tobacco smoke by the year 2000; new regulations can no longer be adopted. HB 957 has been a setback for public health in North Carolina.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP CONLISK, E (reprint author), N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,DIV ADULT HLTH PROMOT,POB 27687,RALEIGH,NC 27611, USA.
OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647
NR 15
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 8
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 10
BP 805
EP 807
DI 10.1001/jama.273.10.805
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QJ750
UT WOS:A1995QJ75000033
PM 7861576
ER
PT J
AU BRACKBILL, RM
SIEGEL, PZ
ACKERMANN, SP
AF BRACKBILL, RM
SIEGEL, PZ
ACKERMANN, SP
TI SELF-REPORTED HYPERTENSION AMONG UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
RP BRACKBILL, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR
SN 0959-8138
J9 BRIT MED J
JI Br. Med. J.
PD MAR 4
PY 1995
VL 310
IS 6979
BP 568
EP 568
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QK700
UT WOS:A1995QK70000020
PM 7888932
ER
PT J
AU VANLOON, FPL
PATRIARCA, PA
AF VANLOON, FPL
PATRIARCA, PA
TI ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION AS ADJUVANT FOR ORAL VACCINATION
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Letter
RP VANLOON, FPL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MS E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL
SN 0099-5355
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAR 4
PY 1995
VL 345
IS 8949
BP 580
EP 581
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90487-5
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QK444
UT WOS:A1995QK44400032
PM 7776787
ER
PT J
AU FRIEDEN, TR
SIMONE, PM
CASTRO, KG
AF FRIEDEN, TR
SIMONE, PM
CASTRO, KG
TI CASE-34-1994 - LARYNGEAL TUBERCULOSIS
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASS MEDICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAR 2
PY 1995
VL 332
IS 9
BP 610
EP 610
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QJ090
UT WOS:A1995QJ09000021
PM 7838204
ER
PT J
AU MURRAY, RP
JOHNSTON, JJ
DOLCE, JJ
LEE, WW
OHARA, P
AF MURRAY, RP
JOHNSTON, JJ
DOLCE, JJ
LEE, WW
OHARA, P
TI SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR SMOKING CESSATION AND ABSTINENCE - THE LUNG HEALTH
STUDY
SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRAM; INTERVENTION; MAINTENANCE; PARTICIPANTS
AB This article evaluates the relationship of social support to smoking cessation and continued abstinence of 3923 men and women with mild to moderate airway obstruction in the Lung Health Study. At both the end of a 12-week group program and after 1 year, men but not women who were supported in quitting were more likely to be successful. Married status facilitated quitting but was less strongly related to long-term abstinence. Participants supported by an ex-smoker who had attended the group program with them were very likely not smoking after 1 year (men, 74.7%; women, 72.4%). Participants supported by a smoker were less than half as likely to have achieved abstinence after 1 year but still had cessation rates greater than 30%. The nature of these relationships has implications for the distinction between women and men in studies of social support and for intervention strategies. Support people should be included in cessation intervention programs. Spouse involvement, however, is more evidently useful for men than for women.
C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455.
NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
UNIV ALABAMA,UNIVERSITY,AL 35486.
UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA.
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HR-46002]
NR 29
TC 87
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0306-4603
J9 ADDICT BEHAV
JI Addict. Behav.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 2
BP 159
EP 170
DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(99)80001-X
PG 12
WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse
SC Psychology; Substance Abuse
GA QM014
UT WOS:A1995QM01400003
PM 7484310
ER
PT J
AU SIMON, PA
HU, DJ
DIAZ, T
KERNDT, PR
AF SIMON, PA
HU, DJ
DIAZ, T
KERNDT, PR
TI INCOME AND AIDS RATES IN LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE AIDS; INCOME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
ID UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-CLASS; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; MORTALITY; HISPANICS;
PATTERNS; DISEASE; RACE; CARE
AB Objective: To examine the relationship between income and AIDS rates in Los Angeles County (LAG) by race/ethnicity.
Methods: 1990 US census data were used to classify LAC postal zones (zip codes) by median household income into low-, middle-, and high-income strata. AIDS rates were calculated for each income stratum based on 15 805 AIDS cases diagnosed from 1987 through 1992 and reported to the county health department.
Results: The AIDS rate was highest among residents of low-income areas (252.8 per 100 000), intermediate among residents of middle-income areas (161.2 per 100 000), and lowest among residents of high-income areas (82.0 per 100 000). This trend in rates was present in all racial/ethnic groups examined and was most pronounced among whites (675.1, 226.7, and 88.4 per 100 000, respectively). Residents of low-income areas accounted for 78% of AIDS cases among blacks, 67% among Hispanics, and 47% among whites.
Conclusions: These findings suggest a strong inverse relationship between income and AIDS rates in LAC that is consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Prevention programs and treatment services should be directed most intensively to low-income neighborhoods in this county.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA.
NR 34
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 4
PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 3
BP 281
EP 284
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA QJ626
UT WOS:A1995QJ62600010
PM 7755917
ER
PT J
AU ORLOFF, SL
BANDEA, CI
KENNEDY, MS
ALLAWAY, GP
MADDON, PJ
MCDOUGAL, JS
AF ORLOFF, SL
BANDEA, CI
KENNEDY, MS
ALLAWAY, GP
MADDON, PJ
MCDOUGAL, JS
TI INCREASE IN SENSITIVITY TO SOLUBLE CD4 BY PRIMARY HIV TYPE-1 ISOLATES
AFTER PASSAGE THROUGH C8166 CELLS - ASSOCIATION WITH SEQUENCE
DIFFERENCES IN THE FIRST CONSTANT (C1) REGION OF GLYCOPROTEIN-120
SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ENVELOPE V3 LOOP; T-CELL; GP120
DISSOCIATION; BINDING-AFFINITY; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; SCD4 BINDING;
AMINO-ACIDS; NEUTRALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION
AB Primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were obtained by coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from HIV-1-infected people with PBLs from uninfected donors, These viral stocks tend to be resistant to neutralization/inactivation by soluble CD4 (sCD4). When these stocks were passed through the T cell line C8166, virus stocks emerged that were sensitive to sCD4, Pre- and post-CS166 stocks maintained their sCD4-resistant and -sensitive phenotypes, respectively, with further passage in PBLs, Pre- and post-C8166 stocks were biologically cloned by two cycles of limiting dilution, The majority (14 of 17) of pre-C8166 clones were sCD4 resistant, and, conversely, the majority of post-C8166 clones (11 of 12) were sensitive to sCD4. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence analysis in the env (gp120) region revealed a limited number of differences between the clones, The only differences that sorted with biological phenotype were in the first constant (C1) region of gp120. Adaptation to growth in C8166 cells and conversion from the sCD4-resistant to the sCD4-sensitive phenotype represent the emergence to prominence of viral species in the pre-C8166 stock that have a replication advantage in C8166 coincident with increased sensitivity to sCD4.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
PROGEN PHARMACEUT INC,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591.
NR 36
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538
SN 0889-2229
J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV
JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
BP 335
EP 342
DI 10.1089/aid.1995.11.335
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA QP480
UT WOS:A1995QP48000003
PM 7786580
ER
PT J
AU SEIXAS, NS
HEWETT, P
ROBINS, TG
HANEY, R
AF SEIXAS, NS
HEWETT, P
ROBINS, TG
HANEY, R
TI VARIABILITY OF PARTICLE SIZE-SPECIFIC FRACTIONS OF PERSONAL COAL-MINE
DUST EXPOSURES
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIBRATION; WORKERS; SAMPLER
AB This study estimated the ratio of the tracheo-bronchial dust fraction to the fraction collected by a respirable dust sampler for a variety of job classifications found in conventional, continuous, and longwall coal mining sections. The ratios could then be applied in epidemiologic studies to existing respirable dust measurements to estimate thoracic mass concentrations for evaluation of the relative importance of the respirable and thoracic dust fractions to obstructive lung disease. Data collected include particle size distributions from four U.S. underground coal mines using eight-stage personal cascade impactors. A total of 180 samples were examined by mine, occupation and occupations grouped by proximity to the mine face, and by mining technology. Several fractions-that collected by the IO-mm nylon cyclone, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists respirable and thoracic particulate mass fractions, and the estimated alveolar and tracheo-bronchial deposition fractions-were estimated. These were not significantly different when grouped by occupation, by proximity of work to the mine face, or by the type of mining technology in use. Distributions from one mine varied from the others, perhaps because it used diesel equipment in the haulage ways, which contributed to the fine aerosol fractions. Results suggest that although the tracheo-bronchial dust fraction may contribute to the development of obstructive lung disease, occupation specific tracheo-bronchial dust fractions are not likely To produce stronger exposure-response estimates than the historically collected respirable dust concentrations.
C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ENVIRONM & IND HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
US MINE SAFETY & HLTH ADM,ARLINGTON,VA 22203.
RP SEIXAS, NS (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SC-34,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH02761]
NR 27
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 3
BP 243
EP 250
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QN023
UT WOS:A1995QN02300005
PM 7717269
ER
PT J
AU JENSEN, PA
AF JENSEN, PA
TI EVALUATION OF STANDARD AND MODIFIED SAMPLING HEADS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL
PBI SURFACE AIR SYSTEM BIOAEROSOL SAMPLERS
SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE
AB This study substituted sampling heads with smaller holes to collect small particles with the International PBI Surface Air System (SAS) battery-powered, bioaerosol air samplers, which have proved inefficient in collecting small airborne particles such as free bacteria (e.g., < 2 mu m). An Andersen six-stage (6-STG) sampler was used simultaneously with two SAS samplers (SAS high flow [SAS-HF] and Compact SAS [SAS-C]) to sample indoor air in two office environments. Discrepancies were observed in the pow rate results obtained using the manufacturer's Pitot Validation Kit (PVK). Air sampling results suggested no significant difference in the concentration of bacteria and fungi collected among the four sampling heads using either sampler model in a small sample (n = 5) at either site. However, with an additional 15 samples at Site B (n = 5 + 15 = 20), three of the four sampling heads statistically undersampled the 6-STG and the other sampling head. The field data were variable (geometric standard deviation [GSD] = 1.25-1.94 for bacteria; GSD = 1.18-3.51 for fungi), but within ranges previously observed. The manufacturer increased particle collection efficiency by decreasing the hole size; however, this increase was only noticeable after many replicates. The PVK may be used as an accurate flow rate measurement device with the SAS-HF sampler, though the Pitot tube measures only centerline velocity pressure. Because of the 10% decrease in flow rate resulting from the pressure drop across the PVK, the equation in the manufacturer's literature for calculation of average velocities (V-AVG) provides a reasonable estimate of flow rate through the SAS-C sampler.
RP JENSEN, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY R5,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC
PI FAIRFAX
PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307
SN 0002-8894
J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J
JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 3
BP 272
EP 279
DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0272:EOSAMS>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QN023
UT WOS:A1995QN02300009
PM 7717271
ER
PT J
AU HOLMBERG, SD
BUCHBINDER, SP
CONLEY, LJ
WONG, LC
KATZ, MH
PENLEY, KA
HERSHOW, RC
JUDSON, FN
AF HOLMBERG, SD
BUCHBINDER, SP
CONLEY, LJ
WONG, LC
KATZ, MH
PENLEY, KA
HERSHOW, RC
JUDSON, FN
TI THE SPECTRUM OF MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND SYMPTOMS BEFORE
ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME IN HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN
INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; HIV
INFECTIONS; MORBIDITY; T4 LYMPHOCYTES
ID RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USERS; AIDS; COHORT; MANIFESTATIONS; ASSOCIATION;
PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; CANCERS
AB The full range and occurrence of medical conditions in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before they develop illnesses that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have not been systematically or completely described. In a retrospective and prospective cohort study, 1,073 homosexual and bisexual men in three US cities were interviewed and examined twice per year from January 1988 to September 1992. Study participants were from San Francisco, California (273 HIV-seropositive and 432 HIV-seronegative men), Denver, Colorado (107 positive and 129 negative men), and Chicago, Illinois (54 positive and 78 negative men). A total of 305 HIV-positive men had specifiable dates of HIV seroconversion (mean of 15.3 months between the last negative and the first positive HIV antibody test). Besides much increased incidences of thrush (incidence relative risk (IRR) = 23.3) and hairy leukoplakia (IRR = 551), the following conditions also occurred significantly more frequently in HIV-positive men than in HIV-negative men: anal herpes (incidence density (ID) = 10.7/100 person-years; IRR = 7.7); sinusitis requiring antibiotics (ID = 6.2/100 person-years; IRR = 2.1); anal warts (ID = 5.8/100 person-years; IRR = 2.7); seborrhea (ID = 3.8/100 person-years; IRR = 6.6); community-acquired pneumonia (ID = 1.4/100 person-years; IRR = 2.7); skin cancers (ID = 1.0/100 person-years; IRR = 2.2); and seizures, often apparently ''breaking through'' prior anticonvulsant therapy (ID = 0.8/100 person-years; IRR = 5.6). First episodes of hairy leukoplakia, thrush, and skin cancer occurred at low mean CD4 counts (mean counts were less than 350 cells/mu l) and late in HIV infection (mean times were more than 8 years after HIV seroconversion). Many medical problems, some not widely appreciated, occur in HIV-infected men before they develop AIDS-defining illnesses, signifying considerable morbidity from pre-AIDS HIV infection.
RP HOLMBERG, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA.
NR 28
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 1
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 5
BP 395
EP 404
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QL096
UT WOS:A1995QL09600003
PM 7879784
ER
PT J
AU EGELAND, GM
SWEENEY, MH
FINGERHUT, MA
WILLE, KK
SCHNORR, TM
HALPERIN, WE
AF EGELAND, GM
SWEENEY, MH
FINGERHUT, MA
WILLE, KK
SCHNORR, TM
HALPERIN, WE
TI RE - TOTAL SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND GONADOTROPINS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO
DIOXIN - REPLY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
RP EGELAND, GM (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY
PI BALTIMORE
PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 1
PY 1995
VL 141
IS 5
BP 477
EP 478
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QL096
UT WOS:A1995QL09600013
ER
PT J
AU MONTES, JH
ENG, E
BRAITHWAITE, RL
AF MONTES, JH
ENG, E
BRAITHWAITE, RL
TI A COMMENTARY ON MINORITY HEALTH AS A PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION
LA English
DT Article
ID RACE
AB In introducing this issue, the editors of this special issue on underserved populations describe the emergence of the field of minority health, begin to define its parameters, and review some of the strategies that will be important in improving the health status of underserved minority populations.
C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514.
EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,OFF PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
RP MONTES, JH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA, USA.
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318
SN 0890-1171
J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT
JI Am. J. Health Promot.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 9
IS 4
BP 247
EP 250
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QW632
UT WOS:A1995QW63200002
PM 10150725
ER
PT J
AU KAMENGA, MC
DECOCK, KM
LOUIS, MES
TOURE, CK
ZAKARIA, S
NGBICHI, JM
GHYS, PD
HOLMES, KK
ESCHENBACH, DA
GAYLE, HD
KREISS, JK
AF KAMENGA, MC
DECOCK, KM
LOUIS, MES
TOURE, CK
ZAKARIA, S
NGBICHI, JM
GHYS, PD
HOLMES, KK
ESCHENBACH, DA
GAYLE, HD
KREISS, JK
TI THE IMPACT OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ON PELVIC
INFLAMMATORY DISEASE - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN ABIDJAN, IVORY-COAST
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; CLINICAL
PRESENTATION; THERAPY
ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN;
INFERTILITY; ASSOCIATION; PATTERNS; NAIROBI; KENYA
AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on pelvic inflammatory disease.
STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was performed in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, women with pelvic inflammatory disease, 57 seropositive and 113 seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus. Women underwent an interview, physical examination, pelvic ultrasonography, and laboratory testing.
RESULTS: Seropositive women more often had an oral temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C (odds ratio 2.5, confidence interval 1.0 to 6.4), a genital ulcer (odds ratio 7.8, confidence interval 1.8 to 45.4), and a tuboovarian mass on ultrasonography (odds ratio 2.6, confidence interval 1.1 to 6.4) and were more likely to require surgery (odds ratio 6.5, confidence interval 1.1 to 67.5) and hospitalization (odds ratio 3.5, confidence interval 0.9 to 14.3). The mean clinical severity score was significantly higher among seropositive than among seronegative patients (17.4 vs 15.4, p = 0.01). Gonorrhea was detected in 50 (29.4%) and chlamydia in 16 (9.4%) of the 170 patients, and neither infection was significantly correlated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. After therapy similar proportions of seropositive and seronegative patients (95% and 93%) reported symptomatic improvement within 4 days, and none had persistent fever at day 4 or 14 of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Human immunodeficiency virus infection was associated with more severe clinical manifestations of pelvic inflammatory disease but did not affect microbial cause or response to therapy.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROJET RETRO CI,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROJET SIDA,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
US AGCY INT DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20523.
RP KAMENGA, MC (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ZX-32,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00007]
NR 25
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318
SN 0002-9378
J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 172
IS 3
BP 919
EP 925
DI 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90022-5
PG 7
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA QM795
UT WOS:A1995QM79500022
PM 7892886
ER
PT J
AU LEE, BL
GROSSNIKLAUS, HE
CAPONE, A
PADHYE, AA
SEKHON, AS
AF LEE, BL
GROSSNIKLAUS, HE
CAPONE, A
PADHYE, AA
SEKHON, AS
TI OVADENDRON SULPHUREO-OCHRACEUM ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER CATARACT-SURGERY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRAOCULAR-LENS IMPLANTATION; PROPIONIBACTERIUM-ACNES ENDOPHTHALMITIS;
POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS; PSEUDOPHAKIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS; FUNGAL
ENDOPHTHALMITIS; EXTRACTION; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS
AB PURPOSE: We examined an 82-year old woman with delayed onset endophthalmitis caused by an opportunistic pathogen, Ovadendron sulphureo-ochraceum.
METHODS: Tissue obtained during vitrectomy was cultured and examined by light and electron microscopy. An enucleation specimen was examined by light microscopy.
RESULTS: The patient had fungal endophthalmitis, with O. sulphureo-ochraceum present in the lens capsule. The eye developed a necrotizing scleritis secondary to O. sulphureo-ochraceum. The patient failed to respond to intravitreous, subconjunctival, and systemic amphotericin B, and the eye was enucleated.
CONCLUSION: In this case of O. sulphureo-ochraceum as a human pathogen, the organism caused endophthalmitis after cataract extraction.
C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR EYE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LF MONTGOMERY OPHTHALM PATHOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
UNIV ALBERTA,NATL REFERENCE CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA.
FU NEI NIH HHS [EY0630]
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO
PI CHICAGO
PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601
SN 0002-9394
J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL
JI Am. J. Ophthalmol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 119
IS 3
BP 307
EP 312
PG 6
WC Ophthalmology
SC Ophthalmology
GA QK317
UT WOS:A1995QK31700007
PM 7872391
ER
PT J
AU ZAKI, SR
GREER, PW
COFFIELD, LM
GOLDSMITH, CS
NOLTE, KB
FOUCAR, K
FEDDERSEN, RM
ZUMWALT, RE
MILLER, GL
KHAN, AS
ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
NICHOL, ST
MAHY, BWJ
PETERS, CJ
AF ZAKI, SR
GREER, PW
COFFIELD, LM
GOLDSMITH, CS
NOLTE, KB
FOUCAR, K
FEDDERSEN, RM
ZUMWALT, RE
MILLER, GL
KHAN, AS
ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
NICHOL, ST
MAHY, BWJ
PETERS, CJ
TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - PATHOGENESIS OF AN EMERGING
INFECTIOUS-DISEASE
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MICROVESSEL
ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAAN
VIRUS; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTERFERON-GAMMA;
ACTIVATION
AB A recent outbreak of a severe pulmonary disease in the southwestern United States was etiologically linked to a previously unrecognized hantavirus The virus has been isolated from its major reservoir, the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and recently named Sin Nombre virus Clinically, the disease has become known as the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), Since May 1993, 44 fatal cases of HPS have been identified through clinicopathological review and immuno-histochemical (IHC) testing of tissues from 273 patients who died of an unexplained noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. In 158 cases for which suitable specimens were available, serological testing and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of extracted RNA was also performed IHC, serological, and PCR results were concordant for virtually all HPS and non-HPS patients when more than one assay was performed. The prodromal illness of HPS is similar to that of many other viral diseases Consistent hematological features include thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift, and reactive lymphocytes. Pulmonary histopathological features were similar in most of the fatal HPS cases (40/44) and consisted of an interstitial pneumonitis with a variable mononuclear cell infiltrate, edema, and focal hyaline membranes, In four cases, however, pulmonary features were significantly different and included diffuse alveolar damage and variable degrees of severe air space disorganization IHC analysis showed widespread presence of hantaviral antigens in endothelial cells of the microvasculature, particularly in the lung, Hantaviral antigens were also observed within follicular dendritic cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Hantaviral inclusions were observed in endothelial cells of lungs by thin-section electron microscopy, and their identity was verified by immunogold labeling, Virus-like particles were seen in pulmonary endothelial cells and macrophages. HPS is a newly recognized of-ten fatal disease, with a spectrum of microscopic morphological changes, which may be an important cause of severe and fatal illness presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome.
C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA.
RP ZAKI, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
NR 90
TC 426
Z9 446
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA
SN 0002-9440
J9 AM J PATHOL
JI Am. J. Pathol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 146
IS 3
BP 552
EP 579
PG 28
WC Pathology
SC Pathology
GA QL395
UT WOS:A1995QL39500002
PM 7887439
ER
PT J
AU KOGAN, MD
OVERPECK, MD
FINGERHUT, LA
AF KOGAN, MD
OVERPECK, MD
FINGERHUT, LA
TI MEDICALLY ATTENDED NONFATAL INJURIES AMONG PRESCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN -
NATIONAL ESTIMATES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB We used data from the 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up to the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey to examine cumulative risk of injury among children from birth to three years old and to provide national-level cause-specific estimates of medically attended nonfatal injuries for this age group. Almost 25% of the 8,145 children reportedly received care for an injury between birth and three years old. Among the children with injuries, 25.4% reportedly had more than one medically attended injury. Risk of reported injury was higher for boys and upper level socioeconomic groups. Falls were the most frequently reported injury (51%), followed by burns (11.7%), striking or cutting injuries (9.8%), poisonings (9.8%), and injuries from devices not intended for the child's use (7.9%). Nonfatal injuries for preschool-age children present a pattern strikingly different from that of fatal injuries among this age group, and the need for this data is important in targeting prevention strategies.
RP KOGAN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 0
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 2
BP 99
EP 104
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA QT124
UT WOS:A1995QT12400005
PM 7632457
ER
PT J
AU HU, DJ
BYERS, R
FLEMING, PL
WARD, JW
AF HU, DJ
BYERS, R
FLEMING, PL
WARD, JW
TI CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WITH LATE AIDS DIAGNOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
AB To describe characteristics of persons with late (at or after death) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis, we analyzed national surveillance data among all persons with AIDS diagnosed through December 1991 under the pre-1993 AIDS case definition and with a known date of death. Late diagnosis was present in 15.8% of 163,202 deceased persons with AIDS and in 15.3% of deceased men with AIDS, 20.6% of women, 12.1% of whites, 20.0% of blacks, 21.1% of Hispanics, 12.3% of men who have sex with men (MSM), 21.9% of injecting drug users (IDU), and 19.6% of persons exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through heterosexual contact. When age, race/ethnicity, sex, geographic region, and transmission mode were included in logistic regression analyses, among adults/adolescents, late diagnosis was more likely among persons 40 years or older than among those 13-39 years old, among blacks and Hispanics than among whites, and among IDU and persons exposed to HIV through heterosexual contact than among MSM. Although children (less than 13 years of age) were more likely to have late diagnosis than adults and adolescents, late diagnoses among children did not differ significantly by race/ethnicity, sex, geographic region, or transmission mode. Late AIDS diagnosis, especially among ethnic minorities and IDU and their sex partners, may represent delays in HIV diagnosis and care. In addition to not receiving early clinical intervention, persons who are diagnosed later in the course of HIV disease represent missed opportunities for receiving prevention efforts such as education, counseling, and substance abuse treatment. Monitoring the characteristics of persons with late AIDS diagnosis can be used to identify populations in whom HIV disease may be underrecognized or persons who do not gain access to health care services until late in HIV disease.
RP HU, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 0
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 2
BP 114
EP 119
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA QT124
UT WOS:A1995QT12400007
PM 7632446
ER
PT J
AU SATCHER, D
AF SATCHER, D
TI THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF MENTAL-RETARDATION
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 3
BP 304
EP 306
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.304
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QM393
UT WOS:A1995QM39300003
PM 7892907
ER
PT J
AU MURPHY, CC
YEARGINALLSOPP, M
DECOUFLE, P
DREWS, CD
AF MURPHY, CC
YEARGINALLSOPP, M
DECOUFLE, P
DREWS, CD
TI THE ADMINISTRATIVE PREVALENCE OF MENTAL-RETARDATION IN 10-YEAR-OLD
CHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA, 1985 THROUGH 1987
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS; SWEDISH COUNTY; SEX
AB Objectives. In this study, data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study were used to determine the administrative prevalence (i.e., the number of children previously identified for service provision) of mental retardation among 10-year-old children during the years 1985 through 1987.
Methods. Children with mental retardation (intelligence quotient [IQ] of 70 or lower) were identified by review of records from multiple sources, with the public schools as the primary source.
Results. The overall administrative prevalence of mental retardation was 12.0 per 1000 children. The rate for mild mental retardation (IQ of 50 to 70) was 8.4 per 1000 and the rate for severe mental retardation (IQ lower than 50) was 3.6 per 1000. The prevalence was higher in Black children than in White children (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 2.7) and in boys than in girls (POR = 1.4). Children with severe mental retardation had more coexisting disabilities than did children with mild mental retardation.
Conclusions The mental retardation prevalence rates reported here, especially the race-specific rates, may reflect social and demographic features unique to the metropolitan Atlanta area and therefore should be used with caution in making comparisons with other populations.
C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA.
RP MURPHY, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MAILSTOP F-15,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016
OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404
NR 38
TC 67
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 3
BP 319
EP 323
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.319
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QM393
UT WOS:A1995QM39300008
PM 7892912
ER
PT J
AU YEARGINALLSOPP, M
DREWS, CD
DECOUFLE, P
MURPHY, CC
AF YEARGINALLSOPP, M
DREWS, CD
DECOUFLE, P
MURPHY, CC
TI MILD MENTAL-RETARDATION IN BLACK-AND-WHITE CHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN
ATLANTA - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; CARE; AGE
AB Objectives. This study assessed differences in the prevalence of mild mental retardation, defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) from 50 to 70, between Black and White children.
Methods. A case-control study design was used. Ten-year-old children with mental retardation were identified from multiple sources. Information on race, sex, maternal age, birth order, economic status, and maternal education was abstracted from birth certificates of 330 case children and 563 control children (public school students).
Results. The crude Black-White odds ratio (OR) was 2.6, but it was reduced to 1.8 after the other five covariates were controlled. The disparity was largest among children whose mental retardation was first diagnosed when they were 8 to 10 years old (adjusted OR = 2.5). We found no significant difference in the occurrence of mild mental retardation between Black and White children diagnosed before the age of 6 pears (adjusted OR = 1.2). Black children had a higher prevalence of mild mental retardation within all strata of the other five covariates.
Conclusions. Five sociodemographic factors accounted for approximately half of the excess prevalence of mild mental retardation among Black children. Possible reasons for the residual difference are discussed.
C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA.
RP YEARGINALLSOPP, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MAILSTOP F-15,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016
OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404
NR 45
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 3
BP 324
EP 328
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.324
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QM393
UT WOS:A1995QM39300009
PM 7892913
ER
PT J
AU DREWS, CD
YEARGINALLSOPP, M
DECOUFLE, P
MURPHY, CC
AF DREWS, CD
YEARGINALLSOPP, M
DECOUFLE, P
MURPHY, CC
TI VARIATION IN THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC RISK-FACTORS FOR
MENTAL-RETARDATION
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Objectives, This study explored the utility of subdividing mental retardation into groups based on the presence of other neurological conditions.
Methods. Data were abstracted from birth certificates as part of a case-control study of mental retardation among 10-year-old children. The study sample included 458 case children and 563 control children selected from public schools. Case children were subdivided on the basis,of intelligence. quotient: (IQ) score and the presence of other neurological conditions.
Results. Other neurological conditions, were more common with severe mental retardation than with mild mental retardation. Regardless of IQ level or the presence of other neurological conditions, boys were more likely than girls to have mental retardation. Older mothers were more likely than younger mothers to have a child with mental retardation accompanied by another neurological condition, High birth order, Black race,and low maternal education were associated with a higher prevalence of isolated mental retardation.
Conclusions. These findings suggest,that sociodemographic risk factors for mental retardation vary according to the presence of other neurological conditions and that subdivisions based on medical or physical criteria may be useful in epidemiologic studies of mental retardation.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA.
GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA.
RP DREWS, CD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA.
RI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/M-8560-2016
OI Drews-Botsch, Carolyn/0000-0002-8763-7404
NR 38
TC 79
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 3
BP 329
EP 334
DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.3.329
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QM393
UT WOS:A1995QM39300010
PM 7892914
ER
PT J
AU MARSTON, BJ
DIALLO, MO
HORSBURGH, CR
DIOMANDE, I
SAKI, MZ
KANGA, JM
PATRICE, G
LIPMAN, HB
OSTROFF, SM
GOOD, RC
AF MARSTON, BJ
DIALLO, MO
HORSBURGH, CR
DIOMANDE, I
SAKI, MZ
KANGA, JM
PATRICE, G
LIPMAN, HB
OSTROFF, SM
GOOD, RC
TI EMERGENCE OF BURULI ULCER DISEASE IN THE DALOA REGION OF COTE-DIVOIRE
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MYCOBACTERIUM-ULCERANS; INFECTION
AB Recent reports have suggested increases in Buruli ulcer (BU), an infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans in west Africa. In 1991, we conducted surveillance for BU in a rural area of Cote d'Ivoire and identified 312 cases of active or healed ulceration. A case-control study was then performed to investigate risk factors for this infection. The rate of illness did not appear to differ between males and females (5.2% versus 7.5%; P = 0.11). The highest rate of illness was seen in the 10-14-year-old age group (143 cases per 1,000 population). New cases increased more than three-fold between 1987 and 1991, and local prevalence of BU was as high as 16.3%. Twenty-six percent of persons with healed ulcers had chronic functional disability. Participation in farming activities near the main river in the region was identified in the case-control study as a risk factor for infection (odds ratio [OR] for each 10-min decrease in walking distance between the fields and the river = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 2.28, P = 0.046). Wearing long pants was protective (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06, 0.62, P < 0.005). We conclude that the incidence of BU is increasing rapidly in Cote d'Ivoire. Specific causes of this increase were not identified, but wearing protective clothing appeared to decrease the risk of disease.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
MINIST SANTE & PROTECT SOCIALE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE.
SECTEUR SANTE RURALE,DALOA,COTE IVOIRE.
UNIV TREICHVILLE,DERMATOL SERV,TREICHVILLE,COTE IVOIRE.
RP MARSTON, BJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 24
TC 126
Z9 127
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 3
BP 219
EP 224
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA QQ373
UT WOS:A1995QQ37300004
PM 7694962
ER
PT J
AU LI, YL
RUO, SL
TONG, Z
MA, QR
LIU, ZL
YE, KL
ZHU, ZY
MCCORMICK, JB
FISHERHOCH, SP
XU, ZY
AF LI, YL
RUO, SL
TONG, Z
MA, QR
LIU, ZL
YE, KL
ZHU, ZY
MCCORMICK, JB
FISHERHOCH, SP
XU, ZY
TI A SEROTYPIC STUDY OF HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME IN RURAL
CHINA
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; HANTAAN;
STRAINS
AB Apodemus agrarius was trapped in the fields and Rattus norvegicus was trapped within the houses in the villages of Jiande County, a region in the Zhejiang Province of China endemic for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Antibodies to hantaviruses were detected in three (16.7%) of 18 A. agrarius and 12 (13.5%) of 89 R. norvegicus, whereas hantavirus antigens were detected in the lung tissues of four (22.2%) of 18 and nine (10.1%) of 89 of these rodents, respectively. Three hantaviruses, one from A. agrarius and two from R. norvegicus, were isolated and found to be antigenically similar to Hantaan and Seoul serotype viruses, respectively. A serologic study of 437 clinically defined HERS patients conducted in Jiande County in 1988 revealed that the ratio of Hantaan (72.5%) to Seoul (26.8%) serotype virus infections was 2.7:1. Two epidemic seasons were found, with a major peak in November and a minor peak in June, and both were associated with Hantaan serotype virus infections that coincided with two seasonal peaks of the A. agrarius population and local agricultural activities in the fields. Seoul serotype virus infections occurred with a small peak during the months of December through May, in which in-house activities were dominant. All data suggested that Jiande County was an area endemic for HFRS, predominantly of the Hantaan virus serotype, combined with Seoul serotype virus infections.
C1 SHANGHAI MED UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SHANGHAI,PEOPLES R CHINA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
AGA KHAN UNIV,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,KARACHI 74800,PAKISTAN.
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 3
BP 247
EP 251
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA QQ373
UT WOS:A1995QQ37300010
PM 7694967
ER
PT J
AU COOKSEY, RC
MORLOCK, GP
BEGGS, M
CRAWFORD, JT
AF COOKSEY, RC
MORLOCK, GP
BEGGS, M
CRAWFORD, JT
TI BIOLUMINESCENCE METHOD TO EVALUATE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AGAINST
MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Note
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COMPLEX
AB Plasmid pLUC10, carrying the firefly luciferase gene, was transformed by electroporation into Mycobacterium avium A5. Bioluminescence production by strain A5(pLUC10), as measured in a microdilution plate luminometer, was similar to 1 relative light unit per 2 x 10(6) viable bacilli, whereas it was 0.0005 relative light unit for an equal number of parental cells. The susceptibility of strain A5(pLUC10) to eight concentrations of each of eight antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the luciferase microplate assay in parallel with a conventional broth macrodilution method with antimicrobial agents. Decreases in bioluminescence to levels that were less than or equal to 10% of those of drug-free controls were observed in microplate wells containing inhibitory concentrations of drugs in as few as 3 days. The close correlation of these inhibitory concentrations with the MICs determined by a conventional broth macrodilution method suggests that the luciferase microplate method may offer a convenient and reliable means of evaluating the in vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against the M. avium complex.
C1 JOHN L MCCLELLAN MEM VET ADM MED CTR,MED RES SERV,LITTLE ROCK,AR.
RP COOKSEY, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 7
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 39
IS 3
BP 754
EP 756
PG 3
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QJ947
UT WOS:A1995QJ94700032
PM 7793886
ER
PT J
AU RICE, RJ
BHULLAR, V
MITCHELL, SH
BULLARD, J
KNAPP, JS
AF RICE, RJ
BHULLAR, V
MITCHELL, SH
BULLARD, J
KNAPP, JS
TI SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS ISOLATES CAUSING UNCOMPLICATED
FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT INFECTIONS AND PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Note
ID CELL-CULTURE; INVITRO; TETRACYCLINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; ANTIBIOTICS; WOMEN
AB The in vitro susceptibilities of 45 recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis obtained from women with asymptomatic genital tract infection, mucopurulent cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease to doxycycline, azithromycin, ofloxacin, and clindamycin were determined. In addition, susceptibilities of 12 isolates to amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were also determined. Isolates also were serotyped with a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for chlamydial major outer membrane protein; 24 of 35 (53%) belonged to serovars Ia and E. For all isolates, the MIC range of doxycycline was 0.008 to 0.06 mu g/ml, for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole it was 0.03 to 0.25 mu g/ml, for azithromycin it was 0.125 to 2.0 mu g/ml, for ofloxacin it was 0.5 to 1.0 mu g/ml, for clindamycin it was 0.25 to 2.0 mu g/ml, and for amoxicillin it was 0.25 to 4.0 mu g/ml. The ranges of minimum chlamydiacidal concentrations were generally 1 to 4 dilutions above the MICs of most agents, with a rank order similar to those of the MICs. Comparing the minimum chlamydiacidal concentrations for 90% of isolates tested, isolates causing asymptomatic infection belonged to a greater variety of serovars and were relatively more susceptible to doxycycline and azithromycin than isolates causing mucopurulent cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease; these differences in susceptibility were not detected among the other study agents. These data indicate that additional studies are needed to better define the apparent association of certain chlamydial serovars with the clinical severity of disease and the in vitro susceptibilities to certain antimicrobial agents.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP RICE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,MS C-12,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 12
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 39
IS 3
BP 760
EP 762
PG 3
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QJ947
UT WOS:A1995QJ94700034
PM 7793888
ER
PT J
AU CUTTS, FT
GRABOWSKY, M
MARKOWITZ, LE
AF CUTTS, FT
GRABOWSKY, M
MARKOWITZ, LE
TI THE EFFECT OF DOSE AND STRAIN OF LIVE ATTENUATED MEASLES-VACCINES ON
SEROLOGICAL RESPONSES IN YOUNG INFANTS
SO BIOLOGICALS
LA English
DT Article
ID TITER EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; SUCCESSFUL IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE;
RURAL SENEGAL; CHILDREN; VACCINATION; MORTALITY; SCHWARZ;
IMMUNOGENICITY; STANDARD
AB High morbidity and mortality from measles among infants under 9 months of age is an obstacle to measles control in many developing countries. In this paper, we review 30 studies conducted on the serological response to measles vaccine in infants aged less than 9 months. Among children aged under 9 months, Edmonston Zagreb and AIK-C vaccines produce higher seroresponse rates than Schwarz vaccine of equivalent titre. For Edmonston Zagreb and Schwarz vaccine, seroresponse rates increase with increasing vaccine titre. The absolute rate of seroresponse to Edmonston Zagreb vaccine in 6-month old infants varied greatly between studies because of differences in methods of vaccine titer measurement, serological assays, definitions of seroresponse, and maternal antibody profiles of the populations studied. Seroconversion rates to Edmonston Zagreb or AIK-C vaccines al 6 months of age were generally similar to those to Schwarz vaccine at 9 months of age, but antibody levels were lower after vaccination below 9 months of age. Although the increased mortality documented in other studies after use of high titer vaccines in 4-6 month old infants led to withdrawal of these vaccines, this review of vaccine trials highlights the need for standardization of study methods and for a better understanding of the biological action of measles vaccines.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP CUTTS, FT (reprint author), LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL UNIT,LONDON WC1,ENGLAND.
NR 50
TC 65
Z9 67
U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 1045-1056
J9 BIOLOGICALS
JI Biologicals
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 23
IS 1
BP 95
EP 106
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA QR822
UT WOS:A1995QR82200018
PM 7619443
ER
PT J
AU PINCUS, T
CALLAHAN, LF
AF PINCUS, T
CALLAHAN, LF
TI PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ACTIVITY AND DAMAGE IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS - WHY
CLINICAL-TRIALS AND INCEPTION COHORT STUDIES INDICATE MORE FAVORABLE
OUTCOMES THAN STUDIES OF PATIENTS WITH ESTABLISHED DISEASE
SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NATURAL-HISTORY; MORTALITY; DISABILITY; FEATURES; HAND
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP PINCUS, T (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,T-3219 MED CTR N,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA.
NR 36
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM
PI OXFORD
PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
SN 0263-7103
J9 BRIT J RHEUMATOL
JI Br. J. Rheumatol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 34
IS 3
BP 196
EP 199
PG 4
WC Rheumatology
SC Rheumatology
GA QU441
UT WOS:A1995QU44100002
PM 7728391
ER
PT J
AU REEVES, MJ
NEWCOMB, PA
REMINGTON, PL
MARCUS, PM
AF REEVES, MJ
NEWCOMB, PA
REMINGTON, PL
MARCUS, PM
TI DETERMINANTS OF BREAST-CANCER DETECTION AMONG WISCONSIN (UNITED-STATES)
WOMEN, 1988-90
SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE BREAST CANCER; DETECTION; FEMALES; MAMMOGRAPHY; SCREENING; UNITED STATES
ID SELF-EXAMINATION; STAGE
AB Early detection is advocated widely as the best method to reduce the high rate of breast cancer mortality in women. The purpose of this study was to describe the detection histories of women with breast cancer and to identify factors related to the method of detection. During the period 1988-90, 3,197 women with invasive breast cancer, identified through the Wisconsin (United States) tumor registry, were interviewed The method of cancer detection (classified as self, screening mammography, or clinical breast examination [CBE]) was analyzed using polychotomous logistic regression. Fifty-five percent (1,754/3,197) of the women found their own cancers, while 35 percent (1,122/3,197) were detected by screening mammography. Compared with self-detection, the likelihood of non-localized disease was significantly lower for tumors detected by mammography (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.2-0.4) and CBE (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.4-0.7). The likelihood of cancer being detected by screening mammography increased with increasing age, education, number of prior mammograms, family history, and body mass index (weight/height(2)) (BMI). Women in the highest BMI quintile were 2.3 times (CI = 1.7-3.0) more likely than women in the lowest BMI quintile to have their cancers diagnosed by mammography. This association most likely results from breast tumors being more difficult to palpate in heavier women.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,MADISON,WI.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP REEVES, MJ (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,CHRON DIS & HLTH PROMOT SECT,1414 E WASHINGTON AVE,MADISON,WI 53703, USA.
NR 34
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH
SN 0957-5243
J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL
JI Cancer Causes Control
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 6
IS 2
BP 103
EP 111
DI 10.1007/BF00052770
PG 9
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QL730
UT WOS:A1995QL73000003
PM 7749049
ER
PT J
AU HOLDER, PK
MASLANKA, SE
PAIS, LB
DYKES, J
PLIKAYTIS, BD
CARLONE, GM
AF HOLDER, PK
MASLANKA, SE
PAIS, LB
DYKES, J
PLIKAYTIS, BD
CARLONE, GM
TI ASSIGNMENT OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-A AND SEROGROUP-C
CLASS-SPECIFIC ANTICAPSULAR ANTIBODY CONCENTRATIONS TO THE NEW STANDARD
REFERENCE SERUM CDC1992
SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GROUP-A; CAPSULAR
POLYSACCHARIDE; HUMAN-IGG; MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDES;
MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CONJUGATE VACCINES; INFANTS; IMMUNOGENICITY
AB A new standard meningococcal reference serum designated CDC1992 was prepared to replace meningococcal reference sera ECG and PB-2, which are not available in sufficient quantities for continued use as primary reference sera. CDC1992 was prepared from 14 healthy adult volunteers who underwent plasmapheresis 4 to 12 weeks postvaccination with a single dose of a Neisseria meningitidis quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine, Total and/or class-specific meningococcal serogroup A and C anticapsular antibody concentrations (in micrograms per milliliter) were assigned to CDC1992 by using homologous and heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formats. The reference serum ECG was used as a reference standard to assign total anticapsular antibody concentrations to CDC1992 by a homologous ELISA format. A heterologous ELISA format, with the Haemophilus influenzae type b standard reference serum FDA 1983, was used to assign total and class-specific antibody concentrations to CDC1992. Alkaline phosphatase-labeled mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody conjugates were used as secondary antibodies in both ELISA formats. The total, immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibody concentrations, assigned to CDC1992 for serogroup A were 135.8, 91.8, 20.1, and 23.9 mu g/ml, respectively, and those for serogroup C were 32.0, 24.1, 5.9, and 2.0 mu g/ml, respectively. Meningococcal serogroup A and C antibody concentrations were in good agreement when homologous and heterologous ELISA format results were compared. Total and class-specific serogroup A and C antibody concentrations were determined in six adult quality control serum samples from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by using the homologous ELISA and our assigned antibody concentrations for CDC1992. Antibody concentrations in reference sera ECG and PB-2 were measured in order to provide a historical link to previous studies. The general acceptance of CDC1992 as the standard reference serum and the assigned antibody concentrations will allow investigators to compare antibody levels in serum to those in a single reference preparation.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP HOLDER, PK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 38
TC 73
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 1071-412X
J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN
JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 2
IS 2
BP 132
EP 137
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QK802
UT WOS:A1995QK80200002
PM 7697519
ER
PT J
AU HASAN, A
CHILDERSTONE, A
PERVIN, K
SHINNICK, T
MIZUSHIMA, Y
VANDERZEE, R
VAUGHAN, R
LEHNER, T
AF HASAN, A
CHILDERSTONE, A
PERVIN, K
SHINNICK, T
MIZUSHIMA, Y
VANDERZEE, R
VAUGHAN, R
LEHNER, T
TI RECOGNITION OF A UNIQUE PEPTIDE EPITOPE OF THE MYCOBACTERIAL AND HUMAN
HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN-65-60 ANTIGEN BY T-CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT
ORAL ULCERS
SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE PEPTIDES; ORAL ULCERS; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN
ID BEHCETS-DISEASE; ANTIBODIES; BACTERIAL
AB T cell epitopes of the 65-kD heat shock protein (hsp) were investigated in patients with recurrent oral ulcers (ROU). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with overlapping synthetic peptide (15(ers)), derived from the sequence of the 65-kD hsp of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specific lymphoproliferative responses were stimulated only with peptide 91-105 in ROU, compared with healthy or disease controls (P < 0.01). This was confirmed by studying 760 short term cell lines generated with the 65-kD hsp and then stimulated with the peptides, The frequency of short term cells lines responding to peptide 91-105 in ROU was significantly greater than in healthy (P < 0.0001) of disease controls (P < 0.01). A comparative investigation with the homologous human 60-kD hsp peptide 116-130 also showed significantly greater lymphoproliferative responses in ROU than in healthy (P < 0.01) or disease controls (P < 0.001). The potential involvement of the T cell epitope 91-105 in the pathogenesis of ROU is supported by finding a significant increase in the lymphoproliferative responses stimulated with peptide 98-105 during the stage of ulceration, compared with remission in 9/11 patients studied sequentially (P < 0.05). The results suggest that oral ulceration might be initiated by the microbial hsp peptide 91-105 stimulating the mucosal Langerhans cells, which may generate autoreactive T cell clones primed to the homologous peptide 116-130.
C1 UNITED MED & DENT SCH,GUYS HOSP,DEPT IMMUNOL,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS.
ST MARIANNA UNIV,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA,JAPAN.
RI van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015
OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755
NR 19
TC 44
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0009-9104
J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL
JI Clin. Exp. Immunol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 99
IS 3
BP 392
EP 397
PG 6
WC Immunology
SC Immunology
GA QL353
UT WOS:A1995QL35300013
PM 7533679
ER
PT J
AU DAVIS, SF
SUTTER, RW
STREBEL, PM
ORTON, C
ALEXANDER, V
SANDEN, GN
CASSELL, GH
THACKER, WL
COCHI, SL
AF DAVIS, SF
SUTTER, RW
STREBEL, PM
ORTON, C
ALEXANDER, V
SANDEN, GN
CASSELL, GH
THACKER, WL
COCHI, SL
TI CONCURRENT OUTBREAKS OF PERTUSSIS AND MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTION -
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLNESSES MANIFESTED BY
COUGH
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID WHOOPING-COUGH; CASE DEFINITIONS; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS;
SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; ANTIBODIES; EFFICACY; SEVERITY; DISEASE
AB Concurrent outbreaks of illnesses that were manifested by cough and that were suspected to be due to Bordetella pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were investigated in a midwestern town in Illinois. Three studies were conducted: questionnaires on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of illness were administered to patients; serological tests were performed to confirm the presence of each pathogen and to develop case definitions for each illness; and case definitions were applied to responses to a mail-in questionnaire for estimating the magnitude of both outbreaks. In 135 cases of suspected pertussis and 42 cases of suspected mycoplasmal infection, subjects had a cough for greater than or equal to 14 days (the pertussis outbreak case definition). Among 20 laboratory-confirmed cases, a cough for greater than or equal to 14 days had a specificity of 20% for pertussis, and a cough for greater than or equal to 28 days plus whoop and/or vomiting had a specificity of 90% for pertussis. Six hundred-seventeen pertussis cases per 100,000 population and 1,179 cases of M. pneumoniae infection per 100,000 population occurred. In this setting, the standard outbreak case definition for pertussis lacked adequate specificity to distinguish pertussis from mycoplasmal infection. The magnitude of each outbreak was greater than the number of reported cases suggested.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
ADAMS CTY HLTH DEPT,QUINCY,IL.
UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294.
RP DAVIS, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV HIV AIDS,INFORMAT SERV,E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 51
TC 29
Z9 35
U1 2
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 3
BP 621
EP 628
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QL159
UT WOS:A1995QL15900024
PM 7756486
ER
PT J
AU ISTAS, AS
DEMMLER, GJ
DOBBINS, JG
STEWART, JA
ADLER, S
BALE, JF
MURPH, J
BRADY, MT
CHERNESKY, MA
CHONMAITREE, T
COEN, RW
COURTNEY, J
DANKNER, WM
FORDJONES, EL
GARCIA, J
ATKINS, JT
GEHRZ, R
GIVNER, L
GRUBER, WC
KENNY, JF
KEYSERLING, HL
KINNEY, JS
KOVACS, A
KUMAR, ML
LEACH, CT
MARSHALL, GS
RABALAIS, G
MONTGOMERY, JR
MURPHY, D
PATAMASUCON, P
NEWPORT, MT
PASS, R
BOPPANA, SB
SHELTON, M
SOKOL, D
STAMOS, JK
ROWLEY, AH
STARR, S
WEINER, LB
GROSS, J
HUTTO, C
RUPAR, DG
AF ISTAS, AS
DEMMLER, GJ
DOBBINS, JG
STEWART, JA
ADLER, S
BALE, JF
MURPH, J
BRADY, MT
CHERNESKY, MA
CHONMAITREE, T
COEN, RW
COURTNEY, J
DANKNER, WM
FORDJONES, EL
GARCIA, J
ATKINS, JT
GEHRZ, R
GIVNER, L
GRUBER, WC
KENNY, JF
KEYSERLING, HL
KINNEY, JS
KOVACS, A
KUMAR, ML
LEACH, CT
MARSHALL, GS
RABALAIS, G
MONTGOMERY, JR
MURPHY, D
PATAMASUCON, P
NEWPORT, MT
PASS, R
BOPPANA, SB
SHELTON, M
SOKOL, D
STAMOS, JK
ROWLEY, AH
STARR, S
WEINER, LB
GROSS, J
HUTTO, C
RUPAR, DG
TI SURVEILLANCE FOR CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DISEASE - A REPORT FROM THE
NATIONAL-CONGENITAL-CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-DISEASE-REGISTRY
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID VIRUS INFECTION; DAY-CARE; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; CENTERS; MOTHERS
AB A national surveillance program for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease was initiated in 1990. In 4 years 285 cases were reported without seasonal patterns. Mean birth statistics were as follows: gestational age, 36 weeks; weight, 2,224 g; length, 45 cm; and head circumference, 30 cm. Of the infants 68% had CNS involvement, which was significantly (P<.005) associated with a direct bilirubin level of greater than or equal to 3 mg/dL, petechiae, an alanine aminotransferase level of >100 U/L, a platelet count of less than or equal to 75,000/mm(3), hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly (P<.05). Maternal demographics revealed that the mean age was 23 years (range, 13-38 years), 59% were white, 33% were black, 47% had low incomes (receiving Medicaid), and 45% were primiparous. Compared with 1990 birth statistics in the United States, mothers of infants with congenital CMV disease were younger, and a greater percentage of these mothers were black. Two distinct maternal groups were identified on the basis of age, socioeconomic status, and parity. This finding may reflect different modes of transmission and suggest target populations for future CMV vaccine initiatives.
C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEM & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 17
TC 103
Z9 106
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 3
BP 665
EP 670
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QL159
UT WOS:A1995QL15900031
PM 7756493
ER
PT J
AU STIENECKER, RS
STEINBERG, JP
SCHWARTZ, B
METCHOCK, B
KOZARSKY, PE
AF STIENECKER, RS
STEINBERG, JP
SCHWARTZ, B
METCHOCK, B
KOZARSKY, PE
TI EVALUATION OF TRAVELERS RETURNING FROM THE 1992 OLYMPICS IN BARCELONA,
SPAIN - DID THEY ACQUIRE RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI AND MENINGOCOCCI
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Letter
ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 20
IS 3
BP 731
EP 732
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QL159
UT WOS:A1995QL15900057
PM 7756515
ER
PT J
AU MALONEY, SA
JARVIS, WR
AF MALONEY, SA
JARVIS, WR
TI EPIDEMIC NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA IN THE INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
SO CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; CONTINUOUS
MECHANICAL VENTILATION; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CRITICALLY ILL
PATIENTS; SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION; DIGESTIVE-TRACT;
LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE
AB The changing and expanding spectrum of pathogens associated with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) will require modification in our approach to both endemic and epidemic NP in the ICU. Knowledge of specific pathogens, modes of transmission, and sources or reservoirs of epidemic NP is crucial to the recognition, control, and prevention of these infections in ICU patients. This article reviews the epidemiology of nosocomial NP outbreaks and outlines guidelines for investigating suspected epidemics of NP within the ICU. Preventive strategies including appropriate surveillance for recognizing epidemic clusters, adherence to barrier isolation precautions, proper disinfection and sterilization of respiratory care equipment, and judicious use of antimicrobial agents are also discussed.
RP MALONEY, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 94
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU W B SAUNDERS CO
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA
19106-3399
SN 0272-5231
J9 CLIN CHEST MED
JI Clin. Chest Med.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 1
BP 209
EP 223
PG 15
WC Respiratory System
SC Respiratory System
GA QQ746
UT WOS:A1995QQ74600015
PM 7768092
ER
PT J
AU HERMAN, WH
SMITH, PJ
THOMPSON, TJ
ENGELGAU, MM
AUBERT, RE
AF HERMAN, WH
SMITH, PJ
THOMPSON, TJ
ENGELGAU, MM
AUBERT, RE
TI A NEW AND SIMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE TO IDENTITY PEOPLE AT INCREASED RISK FOR
UNDIAGNOSED DIABETES
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES POPULATION; PRIMARY
HEALTH-CARE; MELLITUS; PREVALENCE
AB OBJECTIVE - To develop a simple questionnaire to prospectively identify individuals at increased risk for undiagnosed diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - People with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 164) identified in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and those with neither newly diagnosed diabetes nor a history of physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 3,220) were studied. Major historical risk factors for undiagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes were defined, and classification trees were developed to identify people at higher risk for previously undiagnosed diabetes. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the classification trees were described and compared with those of an existing questionnaire.
RESULTS - The selected classification tree incorporated age, sex, history of delivery of a macrosomic infant, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of diabetes. In a representative sample of the U.S. population, the sensitivity of the tree was 79%, the specificity was 65%, and the predictive value positive was 10%.
CONCLUSIONS - This classification tree performed significantly better than an existing questionnaire and should serve as a simple, noninvasive, and potentially cost-effective tool for diagnosing diabetes in the U.S.
RP HERMAN, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA.
NR 26
TC 132
Z9 138
U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA
SN 0149-5992
EI 1935-5548
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 18
IS 3
BP 382
EP 387
DI 10.2337/diacare.18.3.382
PG 6
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA QM296
UT WOS:A1995QM29600014
PM 7555482
ER
PT J
AU SEWELL, DL
BARRY, AL
ALLEN, SD
FUCHS, PC
JORGENSEN, JH
TENOVER, F
AF SEWELL, DL
BARRY, AL
ALLEN, SD
FUCHS, PC
JORGENSEN, JH
TENOVER, F
TI TENTATIVE CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF
HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE, INCLUDING QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS, TO 2
FLUOROQUINOLONES (GREPAFLOXACIN AND PD-131628)
SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
LA English
DT Note
ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; INVITRO; OPC-17116
AB Grepafloxacin (OPC 17116) and PD 131628 were evaluated against 150 Haemophilus influenzae isolates to propose susceptibility testing criteria for both broth dilution and disk diffusion procedures using haemophilus test medium. Grepafloxacin-susceptible isolates are defined as those for which minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are less than or equal to 0.06 mu g/ml and zones of inhibition are greater than or equal to 27 mm. PD 131628-susceptible strains of H. influenzae included those that exhibited MICs less than or equal to 0.03 mu g/ml, and the zones were greater than or equal to 32 mm. All MICs were well below concentrations that can be achieved in the blood and tissues of patients treated with either study drug. Criteria for defining a resistant category cannot be determined until strains with elevated MICs are available for study. The proposed quality control guidelines for H. influenzae ATCC 49247 and the disk test are 32-39 mm in diameter for grepafloxacin and 34-42 mm for PD 131628. The preliminary broth microdilution MIC control limits for this strain are 0.002-0.016 mu g/ml for grepafloxacin and 0.002-0.008 mu g/ml for PD 131628.
C1 INST CLIN MICROBIOL,TUALATIN,OR.
INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN.
ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225.
UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0732-8893
J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS
JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 21
IS 3
BP 175
EP 179
DI 10.1016/0732-8893(95)00021-2
PG 5
WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA RD468
UT WOS:A1995RD46800007
PM 7648838
ER
PT J
AU LOWRY, R
SLEET, D
DUNCAN, C
POWELL, K
KOLBE, L
AF LOWRY, R
SLEET, D
DUNCAN, C
POWELL, K
KOLBE, L
TI ADOLESCENTS AT RISK FOR VIOLENCE
SO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
DE ADOLESCENCE; VIOLENCE; HOMICIDE; ASSAULT; SEXUAL ASSAULT
ID SEXUAL AGGRESSION; FAMILY VIOLENCE; TELEVISION; HOMICIDE; CHILDREN;
VICTIMIZATION; PERSONALITY; STUDENTS; HABITS; YOUTH
AB Interpersonal violence among youth is a growing problem in many communities and schools across the nation. The causes of violence are multiple and complex This paper examines the extent and nature of interpersonal violence among youth, as well as the individual and societal factors which contribute to youth violence. Adolescents are disproportionately represented as both victims and perpetrators of fatal and nonfatal assaultive violence. Homicide rates among young men in the United States are vastly greater than those of other Western industrialized nations, Persons ages 12-24 years face the highest risk of nonfatal violent victimization of any segment of our society. Arrest rates for homicide, rape, robbery, and a aggravated assault peak among adolescents and young adults, Further, arrest rates for murder and other violent crimes have increased substantially among this age group since the mid-1980s. Effective prevention programs will require combinations of interventions aimed at multiple factors and delivered through many channels.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP LOWRY, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 99
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 4
U2 9
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 1040-726X
J9 EDUC PSYCHOL REV
JI Educ. Psychol. Rev.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 7
IS 1
BP 7
EP 39
DI 10.1007/BF02214205
PG 33
WC Psychology, Educational
SC Psychology
GA QN063
UT WOS:A1995QN06300002
ER
PT J
AU HORNUNG, RW
DEDDENS, J
ROSCOE, R
AF HORNUNG, RW
DEDDENS, J
ROSCOE, R
TI MODIFIERS OF EXPOSURE-RESPONSE ESTIMATES FOR LUNG-CANCER AMONG MINERS
EXPOSED TO RADON PROGENY
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference of the
International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology
CY AUG 15-18, 1993
CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
SP INT SOC ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL
DE RADON; LUNG CANCER; MINERS; RISK; MODIFIERS
ID STATES URANIUM MINERS; UNITED-STATES; TIN MINERS; MORTALITY;
TRANSFORMATION; DAUGHTERS; NEUTRONS; COHORT
AB The association between lung cancer and exposure to radon decay products has been well established. Despite agreement oil this point, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding characteristics of the exposure-response relationship. The use of studies of underground miners to estimate lung cancer risks due to residential radon exposure depends upon a better understanding of factors potentially modifying the exposure-response relationship. Given the diversity in study populations regarding smoking status, mining conditions, risk analysis methodology, and referent populations, the risk estimates across studies are quite similar. However, several factors partially contributing to differences in risk estimates are modified by attained age, time since last exposure, exposure rate, and cigarette smoking patterns. There is growing agreement across studies that relative risk decreases with attained age and time since last exposure. Several studies have also found an inverse exposure-rate effect, i.e., low exposure rates for protracted duration of exposure are more hazardous than equivalent cumulative exposures received at higher rates for shorter periods of time, Additionally, the interaction between radon exposure and cigarette smoking appears to be intermediate between additive and multiplicative in a growing number of studies. Quantitative estimates of these modifying factors are given using a new analysis of data from the latest update of the Colorado Plateau uranium miners cohort.
RP HORNUNG, RW (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-44,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 1
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 103
SU 2
BP 49
EP 53
DI 10.2307/3432449
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA QW127
UT WOS:A1995QW12700007
PM 7614947
ER
PT J
AU ROSEN, DH
FLANDERS, WD
FRIEDE, A
HUMPHREY, HEB
SINKS, TH
AF ROSEN, DH
FLANDERS, WD
FRIEDE, A
HUMPHREY, HEB
SINKS, TH
TI HALF-LIFE OF POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYL IN HUMAN SERA
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; BREAST-MILK; MICHIGAN; COHORT; PBB; CONTAMINATION;
VETERANS; TISSUE
AB Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a flame-retardant material, was introduced into the toed chain in Michigan in 1973 due to a manufacturing and distribution mistake. Following public concern about the longterm health effects of PBB in humans, a cohort of PBB-exposed Michigan residents was assembled in 1975. We initiated this study to determine the half-life of PBB in human sera and to understand how continued body burden relates to the possible adverse health consequences of PBB exposure. To determine the half-life, eligible persons were selected from the cohort if they had at least two PBB measurements 1 year apart and had an initial level greater than or equal to 20 pbb. There were 163 persons who met the criteria with a median PBB level of 45.5 ppb. The estimated half-life is 10.8 years (95% CI, 96-14.7 years). The body burden of PBB in exposed persons will decrease only gradually over time. For persons with an initial level of 45.5 ppb of PBB, it will take more than 60 years for their PBB levels to fall below the current level of detection of 1 ppb.
C1 EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329.
MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV HLTH RISK ASSESSMENT,LANSING,MI 48909.
RP ROSEN, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFFICE,MS F-51,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 103
IS 3
BP 272
EP 274
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA RF756
UT WOS:A1995RF75600018
PM 7768229
ER
PT J
AU HAVERKOS, HW
DROTMAN, DP
AF HAVERKOS, HW
DROTMAN, DP
TI MEASURING INHALANT NITRITE EXPOSURE IN GAY MEN - IMPLICATIONS FOR
ELUCIDATING THE ETIOLOGY OF AIDS-RELATED KAPOSIS-SARCOMA
SO GENETICA
LA English
DT Article
ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; BISEXUAL MEN;
GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY; COFACTORS; COHORT; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB We reviewed 12 epidemiologic studies conducted among gay men with AIDS to examine the role of potential 'cofactors' in the development of KS. Aspects of the studies reviewed include basic study design, wording of the questionnaires, and published results comparing KS patients with those who developed opportunistic infections indicative of AIDS. The studies included questions about sociodemographics, medical history, use of drugs, travel, and sexual behaviors. Patients were invited to provide blood and/or other specimens for laboratory analysis.
The results of the review of epidemiologic studies are inconclusive. Nitrite inhalant use was a variable often associated with KS (five studies). The differences in outcomes of these studies may reflect differences in study designs, sample sizes, timing, quality, and content of interviews regarding nitrites, sexual behaviours and other potential cofactors. Epidemiologic study with careful consideration to content of questionnaires and laboratory testing may yet reveal the causes or cofactors for this tumor.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP HAVERKOS, HW (reprint author), NIDA,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROOM 10A-38,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0016-6707
J9 GENETICA
JI Genetica
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 95
IS 1-3
BP 157
EP 164
DI 10.1007/BF01435007
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA QV294
UT WOS:A1995QV29400011
PM 7744258
ER
PT J
AU BURT, VL
WHELTON, P
ROCCELLA, EJ
BROWN, C
CUTLER, JA
HIGGINS, M
HORAN, MJ
LABARTHE, D
AF BURT, VL
WHELTON, P
ROCCELLA, EJ
BROWN, C
CUTLER, JA
HIGGINS, M
HORAN, MJ
LABARTHE, D
TI PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN THE US ADULT-POPULATION - RESULTS FROM THE
3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1988-1991
SO HYPERTENSION
LA English
DT Article
DE HYPERTENSION, ESSENTIAL; BLOOD PRESSURE; PREVALENCE; CROSS-SECTIONAL
STUDIES; NHANES
ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE
AB The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the US adult population. The study used a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, including an in-home interview and a clinic examination, each of which included measurement of blood pressure. Data for 9901 participants 18 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected from 1988 through 1991, were used. Twenty-four percent of the US adult population representing 43 186 000 persons had hypertension. The age-adjusted prevalence in the non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican American populations was 32.4%, 23.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. Overall, two thirds of the population with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis (69%), and a majority were taking prescribed medication (53%). Only one third of Mexican Americans with hypertension were being treated (35%), and only 14% achieved control in contrast to 25% and 24% of the non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white populations with hypertension, respectively. Almost 13 million adults classified as being normotensive reported being told on one or more occasions that they had hypertension; 51% of this group reported current adherence to lifestyle changes to control their hypertension. Hypertension continues to be a common finding in the general population. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension have improved substantially since the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey but continue to be suboptimal, especially in Mexican Americans. Consideration should be given to revision of the criteria for classification of hypertension to reflect the widespread use of lifestyle modification for treatment of hypertension.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD.
JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,BALTIMORE,MD.
UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX.
RP BURT, VL (reprint author), NHLBI,NATL HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE EDUC PROGRAM,BLDG 31,ROOM 4A-05,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA.
NR 20
TC 1945
Z9 2001
U1 4
U2 28
PU AMER HEART ASSOC
PI DALLAS
PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596
SN 0194-911X
J9 HYPERTENSION
JI Hypertension
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 25
IS 3
BP 305
EP 313
PG 9
WC Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QK786
UT WOS:A1995QK78600002
PM 7875754
ER
PT J
AU BOSSHARDT, SC
COLEMAN, SU
MCVAY, CS
JONES, KL
KLEI, TR
AF BOSSHARDT, SC
COLEMAN, SU
MCVAY, CS
JONES, KL
KLEI, TR
TI IMPACT OF MICROFILAREMIA ON MAINTENANCE OF A HYPORESPONSIVE CELLULAR
IMMUNE-RESPONSE IN BRUGIA-INFECTED GERBILS (MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS)
SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
LA English
DT Article
ID CIRCULATING PARASITE ANTIGEN; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; IMMUNOLOGICAL
REACTIVITY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; PAHANGI; MALAYI; JIRDS;
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; ANERGY
AB The purpose of these experiments was to define the significance of the microfilarial stage to the hyporesponsive condition seen in lymphatic filariasis. Two types of experiments were conducted with Brugia pahangi-infected gerbils. In one, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis and in vivo granuloma formation in response to parasite antigen were correlated to microfilaremia in chronically infected individuals. In a second set of experiments, the level of in vivo granuloma formation was assessed following chemotherapeutic removal of microfilariae with ivermectin. The results indicated that the microfilarial stage alone is not responsible for the maintenance of the low cellular responses seen during chronic infections in this model. Furthermore, the data suggest that the degree of downregulation of these responses may be related to parasite burden.
C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-19199]
NR 33
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0019-9567
J9 INFECT IMMUN
JI Infect. Immun.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 63
IS 3
BP 940
EP 945
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QJ524
UT WOS:A1995QJ52400029
PM 7868266
ER
PT J
AU GOLDE, WT
KAPPEL, KJ
DEQUESNE, G
FERON, C
PLAINCHAMP, D
CAPIAU, C
LOBET, Y
AF GOLDE, WT
KAPPEL, KJ
DEQUESNE, G
FERON, C
PLAINCHAMP, D
CAPIAU, C
LOBET, Y
TI TICK TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TO INBRED STRAINS OF MICE
INDUCES AN ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO P39 BUT NOT TO OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A
(VOL 62, PG 2625, 1995)
SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
LA English
DT Correction, Addition
C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,B-1330 RIXENSART,BELGIUM.
RP GOLDE, WT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA.
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0019-9567
J9 INFECT IMMUN
JI Infect. Immun.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 63
IS 3
BP 1146
EP 1146
PG 1
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QJ524
UT WOS:A1995QJ52400063
ER
PT J
AU FRIDKIN, SK
MANANGAN, L
BOLYARD, E
JARVIS, WR
AF FRIDKIN, SK
MANANGAN, L
BOLYARD, E
JARVIS, WR
TI SHEA-CDC TB SURVEY .1. STATUS OF TB INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAMS AT MEMBER
HOSPITALS, 1989-1992
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK
AB OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers, tuberculosis (TB) control measures, and compliance with the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline for preventing transmission of TB in healthcare facilities.
DESIGN: Voluntary questionnaire sent to all members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, representing 359 hospitals.
RESULTS: Respondents' hospitals (210 [58%]) had a median of 2,400 healthcare workers (range, 396 to 13,745), 437 beds (range, 48 to 1,250), 5.6 patients with TB per year (range, 0 to 499), and 0 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB patients per year (range, 0 to 33). Of 166 respondents' hospitals for which data were provided for 1989 through 1992, the number caring for MDR-TB patients increased from 10 (6%) in 1989 to 49 (30%) in 1992. Reported policies for routine healthcare worker tuberculin skin testing varied. The median skin-test positivity rate for healthcare workers at the time of hire increased from 0.54% in 1989 to 0.81% in 1992, but the median conversion rate during routine testing remained similar: 0.35% in 1989 and 0.33% in 1992. Among 196 hospitals with reported data on respiratory protection use for 1989 through 1992, the use of either surgical submicron, dust-mist, or dust-fume-mist respirators for healthcare workers increased from 9 (5%) in 1989 to 85 (43%) in 1992. Of 181 hospitals with reported data, 113 (62%) had acid-fast bacilli isolation facilities consistent with the 1990 CDC guideline (ie, a single patient room, negative air pressure relative to the hallway, air exhausted directly outside, and greater than or equal to 6 air exchanges per hour).
CONCLUSIONS: While the number of surveyed hospitals caring for TB and MDR-TB patients increased during 1989 through 1992, TB infection control measures at many hospitals still did not meet the 1990 CDC guideline recommendations
C1 SOC HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOL AMER,W DEPTFORD,NJ.
RP FRIDKIN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-69,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 16
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 2
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 3
BP 129
EP 134
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT797
UT WOS:A1995QT79700002
PM 7608498
ER
PT J
AU FRIDKIN, SK
MANANGAN, L
BOLYARD, E
JARVIS, WR
AF FRIDKIN, SK
MANANGAN, L
BOLYARD, E
JARVIS, WR
TI SHEA-CDC TB SURVEY .2. EFFICACY OF TB INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAMS AT
MEMBER HOSPITALS, 1992
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK
AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of current Mycobacterium tuberculosis control measures.
DESIGN: Voluntary questionnaire to members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
RESULTS: Healthcare worker (HCW) tuberculin skin-test (TST) conversion rates were significantly higher in larger hospitals (greater than or equal to 437 beds) (0.9% versus 0.6%; P<0.05), or in hospitals reporting greater than or equal to 6 TB patients in 1992 (1.2% versus 0.6%; P<0.05). Among larger hospitals or those hospitals surveyed reporting greater than or equal to 6 TB patients, those without at least three of the four criteria suggested in the 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) TB guidelines for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) isolation (specifically a single-patient room; negative pressure; and air exhausted directly outside) had significantly higher annual TST conversion rates than those with these criteria (1.8% versus 0.6%; P<0.05). Respiratory therapist or bronchoscopist TST conversion rates were significantly lower in hospitals compliant with the exhaust criteria (1.2% versus 2.8%; P<0.05). Regardless of hospital characteristic, HCW TST conversion rates did not differ between hospitals in which HCWs used surgical masks or used disposable particulate respirators.
CONCLUSION: Among larger hospitals or hospitals reporting greater than or equal to 6 TB patients per year, failure to comply with the 1990 CDC TB recommendations for AFB isolation room guidelines was associated with higher HCW TST conversion rates. These data suggest that complete implementation of the 1990 CDC TB guidelines would decrease HCWs' risk of nosocomial transmission of TB in larger hospitals or those reporting more TB patients. However, in nonoutbreak situations, disposable particulate respirators or submicron surgical masks may not offer significantly greater protection to HCWs than surgical masks
C1 SOC HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOL AMER,W DEPTFORD,NJ.
RP FRIDKIN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-69,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 14
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 0
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 3
BP 135
EP 140
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT797
UT WOS:A1995QT79700003
PM 7608499
ER
PT J
AU STROUD, LA
TOKARS, JL
GRIECO, MH
CRAWFORD, JT
CULVER, DH
EDLIN, BR
SORDILLO, EM
WOODLEY, CL
GILLIGAN, ME
SCHNEIDER, N
WILLIAMS, J
JARVIS, WR
AF STROUD, LA
TOKARS, JL
GRIECO, MH
CRAWFORD, JT
CULVER, DH
EDLIN, BR
SORDILLO, EM
WOODLEY, CL
GILLIGAN, ME
SCHNEIDER, N
WILLIAMS, J
JARVIS, WR
TI EVALUATION OF INFECTION-CONTROL MEASURES IN PREVENTING THE NOSOCOMIAL
TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS IN A
NEW-YORK-CITY HOSPITAL
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK
AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended infection control measures implemented in response to an outbreak of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB).
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort studies of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and healthcare workers. The study period (January 1989 through September 1992) was divided into period I, before changes in infection control; period II, after aggressive use of administrative controls (eg, rapid placement of TB patients or suspected TB patients in single-patient rooms); and period III, while engineering changes were made (eg, improving ventilation in TB isolation rooms).
SETTING: A New York City hospital that was the site of one of the first reported outbreaks of MDR-TB among AIDS patients in the United States.
PARTICIPANTS: All AIDS patients admitted during periods I and II. Healthcare workers on nine inpatient units with TB patients and six without TB patients.
RESULTS: The epidemic (38 patients) waned during period II and only one MDR-TB patient presented during period III. The MDR-TB attack rate among AIDS patients hospitalized on the same ward on the same days as an infectious MDR-TB patient was 8.8% (19 of 216) during period I, decreasing to 2.6% (5 of 193; P=0.01) during period II. In a small group of healthcare workers with tuberculin skin test data, conversions during periods II through III were higher on wards with than without TB patients (5 of 29 versus 0 of 15; P=0.15), although the difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Transmission of MDR-TB among AIDS patients decreased markedly after enforcement of readily implementable administrative measures, ending the outbreak. However, tuberculin skin-test conversions among healthcare workers may not have been prevented by these measures. CDC guidelines for prevention of nosocomial transmission of TB should be implemented fully at all US hospitals
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10025.
OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797
NR 23
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 3
U2 6
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 3
BP 141
EP 147
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT797
UT WOS:A1995QT79700004
PM 7608500
ER
PT J
AU IKEDA, RM
BIRKHEAD, GS
DIFERDINANDO, GT
BORNSTEIN, DL
DOOLEY, SW
KUBICA, GP
MORSE, DL
AF IKEDA, RM
BIRKHEAD, GS
DIFERDINANDO, GT
BORNSTEIN, DL
DOOLEY, SW
KUBICA, GP
MORSE, DL
TI NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS - AN OUTBREAK OF A STRAIN RESISTANT TO 7 DRUGS
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION
AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB).
DESIGN: Outbreak investigation: review of infection control practices and skin test results of healthcare workers (HCWs); medical records of hospitalized TB patients and mycobacteriology reports; submission of specimens for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing; and an assessment of the air-handling system.
SETTING: A teaching hospital in upstate New York.
RESULTS: Skin-test conversions occurred among 46 (6.6%) of 696 HCWs tested from August through October 1991. Rates were highest on two units (29% and 20%); HCWs primarily assigned to these units had a higher risk for conversion compared with HCWs tested following previous incidents of exposure to TB (relative risk [RR]=53.4, 95% confidence interval [CI95]=6.9 to 411.1; and RR=37.4, CI95=5.0 to 277.3, respectively). The likely source patient was the only TB patient hospitalized on both units during the probable exposure period. This patient appeared clinically infectious, was associated with a higher risk of conversion among HCWs providing direct care (RR=2.37; CI95=1.05 to 5.34), and was a prison inmate with TB resistant to seven antituberculosis agents. The MDR-TB strain isolated from this patient also was isolated from other inmate and noninmate patients, and a prison correctional officer exposed in the hospital. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all of these patients had matching RFLP patterns. Infection control practices closely followed established guidelines; however, several rooms housing TB patients had marginal negative pressure with variable numbers of air changes per hour, and directional airflow was disrupted easily.
CONCLUSIONS: These data strongly suggest nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB to HCWs, patients, and a prison correctional officer working in the hospital. Factors contributing to transmission apparently included prolonged infectiousness of the likely source patient and inadequate environmental controls. Continued urgent attention to TB infection control is needed
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY 12201.
SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222.
SUNY SYRACUSE,HLTH SCI CTR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210.
NR 21
TC 48
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 5
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 3
BP 152
EP 159
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT797
UT WOS:A1995QT79700006
PM 7608502
ER
PT J
AU USSERY, XT
BIERMAN, JA
VALWAY, SE
SEITZ, TA
DIFERDINANDO, GT
OSTROFF, SM
AF USSERY, XT
BIERMAN, JA
VALWAY, SE
SEITZ, TA
DIFERDINANDO, GT
OSTROFF, SM
TI TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AMONG
PERSONS EXPOSED IN A MEDICAL EXAMINERS OFFICE, NEW-YORK
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; IMPACT
AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for having a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result among employees at a medical examiner's office (MEO).
DESIGN: Cohort study, environmental investigation.
SETTING: Several employees at a medical examiner's office were found to have positive TST results after autopsies were performed on persons with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
PARTICIPANTS: Employees of the MEO.
RESULTS: Of 18 MEO employees, 5 (28%) had a positive TST result; 2 of these 5 had TST conversions. We observed a trend between TST conversion and participation in autopsies on persons with MDR-TB (2 of 2 converters versus 3 of 13 employees with negative TST; relative risk=4.3; 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 11.69; P=0.10). The environmental investigation revealed that the autopsy room was at positive pressure relative to the rest of the MEO and that air from the autopsy room mixed throughout the facility.
CONCLUSIONS: A systematic approach to preventing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in autopsy suites should include effective environmental controls and routine tuberculin skin testing of employees
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH.
NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201.
NR 23
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 3
BP 160
EP 165
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA QT797
UT WOS:A1995QT79700007
PM 7608503
ER
PT J
AU CIESLAK, PR
SWERDLOW, DL
AF CIESLAK, PR
SWERDLOW, DL
TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 - WHAT THE CLINICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW
SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL;
0157-H7 INFECTIONS; CANADIAN CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; RISK-FACTORS;
OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 58
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1056-9103
J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC
JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 4
IS 2
BP 123
EP 127
DI 10.1097/00019048-199503000-00012
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA QQ993
UT WOS:A1995QQ99300012
ER
PT J
AU KINKEAD, ER
WOLFE, RE
FLEMMING, CD
SOLOMON, RA
MATTIE, DR
GRABAU, JH
MARIT, GB
AF KINKEAD, ER
WOLFE, RE
FLEMMING, CD
SOLOMON, RA
MATTIE, DR
GRABAU, JH
MARIT, GB
TI TOXICOLOGIC AND ONCOGENIC POTENTIAL OF JP-4 VAPOR - 90-DAY CONTINUOUS
INHALATION EXPOSURE
SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID C57BL/6 MICE; RATS; ALPHA-2U-GLOBULIN; TOXICITY; DECALIN
AB Male and female Fischer 344 rats, female C57BL/6 mice, and male and female beagle dogs were divided into three treatment groups and exposed nearly continuously (23 h/day, 7 days/wk) to IP-4 jet fuel vapor at concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 mg/m(3) for 90 days. At exposure termination, all dogs and one-third of the rodents were euthanized and the remaining animals were held for either a 19- or 21-mo postexposure tumorigenesis observation period. Pathologic findings in male rats revealed treatment-related renal toxicity consistent with male rat alpha(2 mu)-globulin nephropathy. No treatment-related respiratory toxicity was noted in any species. This study did not demonstrate target-organ toxicity or carcinogenesis that could be extrapolated to other species.
C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH DIRECTORATE,DIV TOXICOL,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH.
RP KINKEAD, ER (reprint author), MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,POB 31009,DAYTON,OH 45437, USA.
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS
PI BRISTOL
PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598
SN 0895-8378
J9 INHAL TOXICOL
JI Inhal. Toxicol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 7
IS 2
BP 239
EP 253
DI 10.3109/08958379509029096
PG 15
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA QR948
UT WOS:A1995QR94800006
ER
PT J
AU MANNINO, DM
SCHREIBER, J
ALDOUS, K
ASHLEY, D
MOOLENAAR, R
ALMAGUER, D
AF MANNINO, DM
SCHREIBER, J
ALDOUS, K
ASHLEY, D
MOOLENAAR, R
ALMAGUER, D
TI HUMAN EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS - A COMPARISON OF ORGANIC
VAPOR MONITORING BADGE LEVELS WITH BLOOD-LEVELS
SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE VAPOR BADGE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BENZENE
ID BUTYL ETHER; WORKERS; TOLUENE; AIR; URINALYSIS; SOLVENTS; BENZENE;
STYRENE
AB We undertook a study in Albany, New York, to investigate whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measurable in the blood and in the breathing-zone air of people exposed to gasoline fumes and automotive exhaust. We sampled blood of 40 subjects, placed organic vapor badges on 40 subjects, and obtained personal breathing-zone samples from 24 subjects. We limited this analysis to 19 subjects who wore the organic vapor badges for at least 5 h. VOC levels, as determined by the organic vapor badges, were highly correlated with blood levels of these same compounds. Using detection in blood as the gold standard, we found the badges to be more sensitive than conventional charcoal tube samples in detecting low levels of methyl tert-butyl ether (0.60 vs 0.08), toluene (0.95 vs 0.64), and o-xylene (0.85 vs 0.64). In this study, organic vapor badges provided data on VOC exposure that correlated with blood assay results. These organic vapor badges might provide a convenient means of determining human exposure to VOCs in epidemiologic studies. health officials in investigating whether exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in fuels was measurable in people occupationally exposed and people not occupationally exposed (Mannino et al. 1993) to low concentrations of this chemical. Albany was selected as the site for this investigation because MTBE is used in only small (generally less that 5% by weight) concentrations in this area. As part of this study, participants' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was determined via organic vapor badges and personal breathing zone charcoal tube samples on the same day that their blood was collected for VOC level measurement. We wanted to determine how well the VOC levels from the organic vapor badges and charcoal tube samples correlated with VOC levels measured in the blood.
C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH.
RP MANNINO, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MAIL STOP F-39,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015;
OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Mannino,
David/0000-0003-3646-7828
NR 17
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0340-0131
J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA
JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 67
IS 1
BP 59
EP 64
DI 10.1007/BF00383134
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR446
UT WOS:A1995QR44600010
PM 7622282
ER
PT J
AU YOUNG, S
MCADAM, K
SMITH, P
FINE, P
REES, RJW
BANERJEE, D
MCDERMOTTLANCASTER, D
YOUNG, D
CONVIT, J
BRENNAN, P
SHINNICK, T
WALKER, L
VANLANDINGHAM, R
BLOOM, B
ANDERSEN, A
HASLOV, K
AF YOUNG, S
MCADAM, K
SMITH, P
FINE, P
REES, RJW
BANERJEE, D
MCDERMOTTLANCASTER, D
YOUNG, D
CONVIT, J
BRENNAN, P
SHINNICK, T
WALKER, L
VANLANDINGHAM, R
BLOOM, B
ANDERSEN, A
HASLOV, K
TI ANALYSIS OF VACCINES PREPARED FROM ARMADILLO-DERIVED
MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE - RESULTS OF AN INTER-LABORATORY STUDY COORDINATED
BY THE WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY
LA English
DT Article
AB Preparations of armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae used in vaccine trials were analyzed using a combination of morphological, chemical and immunological criteria. When compared to more recent preparations, vaccine lots prepared in 1984 and 1985 were found to contain fewer intact bacilli and lower amounts of M. leprae antigens. These differences may be characteristic of the original preparations, or alternatively, may have arisen during prolonged storage. The early vaccine lots were those used in the recently published Venezuela trial.
C1 LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON,ENGLAND.
NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND.
ST GEORGES HOSP MED SCH,LONDON,ENGLAND.
MRC,TB & RELATED INFECT UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND.
INST BIOMED,CARACAS,VENEZUELA.
COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY.
NR 1
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER LEPROSY MISSION
PI BATON ROUGE
PA GWL HANSENS DISEASE CENTER, LSU VET SCHOOL, RM 11022, SOUTH STADIUM DR,
BATON ROUGE, LA 70803-9999
SN 0148-916X
J9 INT J LEPROSY
JI Int. J. Lepr.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 63
IS 1
BP 48
EP 55
PG 8
WC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine
SC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine
GA QU983
UT WOS:A1995QU98300008
ER
PT J
AU RUSSELL, CM
WILLIAMSON, DF
BYERS, T
AF RUSSELL, CM
WILLIAMSON, DF
BYERS, T
TI CAN THE YEAR 2000 OBJECTIVE FOR REDUCING OVERWEIGHT IN THE UNITED-STATES
BE REACHED - A SIMULATION STUDY OF THE REQUIRED CHANGES IN BODY-WEIGHT
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
LA English
DT Article
DE INTERVENTION; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; SIMULATION; YEAR 2000 OBJECTIVES
ID MASS INDEX; ADULT-POPULATION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; OBESITY; GAIN
AB AIM: The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the magnitude of weight change required in the six-year period between 1994 and the Year 2000 if Americans are to reach the Healthy People 2000 goal for reduction of overweight among those ages 20-74 to no more than 20% among all adults and no more than 30% among black women, Prevention of weight gain among the non-overweight is compared with that of weight loss among the overweight as strategies for reaching this goal.
DESIGN: Data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) and the Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) were used to estimate 6-year weight,change of persons aged 20 to 72 at the Year 2000, Men, white women, and black women were examined in addition to the overall population. Given a baseline prevalence of 24.7%, overweight in the year 2000 was projected for three simulated interventions: no weight gain among non-overweight persons (prevention-only), weight loss among overweight persons (weight-loss-only), and prevention-plus-weight-loss. In addition, the Year 2000 overweight prevalence was projected under different baseline prevalence scenarios of 26% and 34%.
OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight; overweight determined by body mass index (greater than or equal to 27.3 kg/m(2) for women and greater than or equal to 27.8 kg/m(2) for men).
RESULTS: Prevention-only was successful in reducing the overall prevalence of overweight from 24.7% to 20%, Weight-loss-only required a 5.3 kg weight loss to achieve the overall goal of 20% and 8.4 kg weight loss to achieve the goal within all three race-sex strata, Prevention-plus-weight-loss required only 3.8 kg of weight loss to achieve the goals within the three race-sex strata. Prevention-only was not successful in reducing the overall prevalence of overweight to 20% when the 26% and 34% baseline scenarios were used, Weight-loss-only required 6.3 and 11.2 kg; prevention-plus-weight-loss required 1.2 and 6.6 kg of weight loss using the 26% and 34% baselines, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of weight gain among those who are not already overweight could achieve substantial changes in the prevalence of overweight, even in a 6-year time period, However, given the increasing trend in overweight, the Year 2000 goal for the reduction in prevalence of overweight will not be reached.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
RP RUSSELL, CM (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,OFF BIOSTAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA.
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU STOCKTON PRESS
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS
SN 0307-0565
J9 INT J OBESITY
JI Int. J. Obes.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 19
IS 3
BP 149
EP 153
PG 5
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA QL939
UT WOS:A1995QL93900001
PM 7780489
ER
PT J
AU SOCIE, E
MIGLIOZZI, A
WAGNER, S
HALPIN, TJ
AF SOCIE, E
MIGLIOZZI, A
WAGNER, S
HALPIN, TJ
TI OCCUPATIONAL SILICOSIS - OHIO, 1989-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44,
PG 61-64, 1995)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC,NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP SOCIE, E (reprint author), OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266, USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 1
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 9
BP 694
EP 695
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QH814
UT WOS:A1995QH81400010
ER
PT J
AU WILCOX, A
SKJAERVEN, R
BUEKENS, P
KIELY, J
AF WILCOX, A
SKJAERVEN, R
BUEKENS, P
KIELY, J
TI BIRTH-WEIGHT AND PERINATAL-MORTALITY - A COMPARISON OF THE UNITED-STATES
AND NORWAY
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID VITAL-STATISTICS
AB Objective.-To compare perinatal mortality in the United States and Norway, using a new analytic approach based on relative birth weight.
Design.-Comparison of linked birth and perinatal death records for US and Norwegian births from 1986 through 1987, the most recently available 2-year period.
Setting.-Norway and the United States.
Participants.-A total of 7 445 914 US births and 105 084 Norwegian births.
Interventions.-None.
Main Outcome Measure.-Perinatal weight-specific mortality after adjustment for each country's own mean birth weight.
Results.-The higher rate of perinatal death in the United States compared with Norway is due to an excess of preterm deliveries in the United States. Low-weight, preterm births comprise 2.9% of US births compared with 2.1% of Norwegian births. If the United States could eliminate this slight excess of preterm delivery, perinatal mortality in the United States would decrease to the level in Norway. Unexpectedly, the survival of newborns at any given birth weight is virtually the same in the United States and Norway when newborns' birth weights are considered relative to their own nation's mean weight.
Conclusions.-Low rates of perinatal mortality in the Scandinavian countries have usually been attributed to the heavier weights of their newborns. Higher mortality among US infants is in fact due entirety to a small excess of preterm deliveries. The lighter weights of US newborns at term appear not to affect perinatal survival. Furthermore, the apparent survival advantage of low-weight US newborns (used by policymakers as evidence of superior US intensive neonatal care) may be at [east partly an artifact. When weight-specific mortality rates are adjusted to relative birth weight, low-weight newborns have the same survival in Norway as in the United States. The prevention of excess mortality among US infants depends on the prevention of preterm births, not on changes in mean birth weight.
C1 UNIV BERGEN,MED INFORMAT & STAT SECT,BERGEN,NORWAY.
FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,SCH PUBL HLTH,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782.
RP WILCOX, A (reprint author), NIEHS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,POB 12233,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA.
OI Wilcox, Allen/0000-0002-3376-1311
NR 19
TC 60
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 1
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 9
BP 709
EP 711
DI 10.1001/jama.273.9.709
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QH814
UT WOS:A1995QH81400029
PM 7853628
ER
PT J
AU ADAMS, MM
AF ADAMS, MM
TI THE CONTINUING CHALLENGE OF PRETERM DELIVERY
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PERINATAL-MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; BIRTH-WEIGHT
RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MSK-23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 14
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 1
PY 1995
VL 273
IS 9
BP 739
EP 740
DI 10.1001/jama.273.9.739
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA QH814
UT WOS:A1995QH81400036
PM 7853635
ER
PT J
AU SOSIN, DM
KOEPSELL, TD
RIVARA, FP
MERCY, JA
AF SOSIN, DM
KOEPSELL, TD
RIVARA, FP
MERCY, JA
TI FIGHTING AS A MARKER FOR MULTIPLE PROBLEM BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS
SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE ADOLESCENCE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; RISK-TAKING; AGGRESSION
ID DRUG-USE; RISK; VALIDITY; ALCOHOL
AB Purpose: Behaviors that put adolescents at risk frequently occur together. To help identify high-risk adolescents, we analyzed a national, self-reported behavior survey of high school students to assess the suitability of fighting as a marker for students with multiple problem behaviors.
Methods: A cross-sectional cluster survey of 11,631 U.S. high school students in 1990 was used to compare the prevalence of recent problem behaviors among all students and those who fight.
Results: One (8%) of every 12 students was in a fight during the 30 days before the survey. Reported problem behaviors were prevalent among fighters: during the previous 12 months, 24% attempted suicide; during the previous 30 days, 26% carried a firearm, 13% used cocaine, and 39% drove a motor vehicle while intoxicated; during the previous 3 months 41% had two or more sex partners; and 45% had sexual intercourse and did not use a condom the last time they had sex. Of all students, fighters accounted for 22% of those who reported attempting suicide, 49% carrying a firearm, 46% using cocaine, 18% driving while intoxicated, 25% having sex with multiple partners, and 11% not using condoms. Three or more of these six problem behaviors were reported by 26% of the fighters. The problem behaviors were all positively correlated, and the first principal component accounted for 35% of the total variation among the individual variables.
Conclusions: Serious fighting heralds multiple problem behaviors in need of intensive, multifaceted interventions.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA.
UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
NR 40
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 1054-139X
J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH
JI J. Adolesc. Health
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 16
IS 3
BP 209
EP 215
DI 10.1016/1054-139X(94)00093-T
PG 7
WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics
GA QP516
UT WOS:A1995QP51600007
PM 7779831
ER
PT J
AU DIWAN, S
MORIARTY, D
AF DIWAN, S
MORIARTY, D
TI A CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFYING UNMET HEALTH-CARE NEEDS OF
COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GERONTOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Assessing the unmet health care needs that affect the quality of life of older persons is an important task facing both aging services agencies and health departments. This article reviews various strategies for assessing unmet health care needs and a presents comprehensive framework for assessing such needs. Needs for health services are categorized by their function, such as basic maintenance, supportive, rehabilitative, treatment, promotive, and preventive needs. Factors contributing to unmet needs are categorized by the types of barriers to using existing services. These barriers include recognition or awareness of need, knowledge about services, and availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of services. Means of data collection for different types of unmet health care needs are presented. Recommendations for using the proposed framework are made to both health departments and aging services agencies.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
RP DIWAN, S (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA.
NR 24
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 1
PU SAGE PUBL INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320
SN 0733-4648
J9 J APPL GERONTOL
JI J. Appl. Gerontol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 1
BP 47
EP 63
DI 10.1177/073346489501400104
PG 17
WC Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA QJ348
UT WOS:A1995QJ34800004
ER
PT J
AU GILLUM, RF
MUSSOLINO, ME
MAKUC, DM
AF GILLUM, RF
MUSSOLINO, ME
MAKUC, DM
TI ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION-RATE AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE - THE NHANES-I
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE BLOOD SEDIMENTATION; MALE; CORONARY DISEASE; FEMALE; FIBRINOGEN; RISK
FACTORS
ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; FIBRINOGEN; INFORMATION; SMOKING;
DEATH
AB Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a simple and relatively inexpensive laboratory test. Data were examined to determine whether elevated ESR was a predictor of CHD incidence and death in a large U.S. national sample of persons aged 45-74 at baseline. In the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort, white men aged 45-64 years with ESR in the upper quintile at baseline had increased incidence of CHD (RR = 1.73, 95% CL 1.12, 2.68) over a 15 year follow-up after controlling multiple risk factors compared to white men with ESR in the lowest quintile. Furthermore, men aged 45-64 with ESR in the upper quintile had more than twice the risk of CHD death (RR = 2.73, 95% CL 1.21, 6.15) of men with ESR in the lowest quintile after adjusting other risk factors. No significant associations were seen in white women. The mechanism of this association is unclear. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding and elucidate the mechanism for this association in longitudinal studies in which plasma fibrinogen, HDL cholesterol, as well as ESR are measured.
RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 26
TC 40
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0895-4356
J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL
JI J. Clin. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 48
IS 3
BP 353
EP 361
DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00156-K
PG 9
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QM991
UT WOS:A1995QM99100005
PM 7897457
ER
PT J
AU BROWN, SL
SALIVE, ME
GURALNIK, JM
PAHOR, M
CHAPMAN, DP
BLAZER, D
AF BROWN, SL
SALIVE, ME
GURALNIK, JM
PAHOR, M
CHAPMAN, DP
BLAZER, D
TI ANTIDEPRESSANT USE IN THE ELDERLY - ASSOCIATION WITH DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS, HEALTH-RELATED FACTORS, AND HEALTH-CARE UTILIZATION
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ANTIDEPRESSANT; MEDICATION; DEPRESSION; AGING; EPIDEMIOLOGY
ID DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; SYMPTOMS; SITES; BLACK
AB The characteristics of antidepressant use and its correlates were assessed in the four Established Populations for Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) communities (n = 13,074). Women were significantly more likely to be treated with an antidepressant drug than men, and African-Americans were significantly less likely than whites to be using antidepressant medication. Of the health-related measures, poor self-perceived health, polypharmacy, disabilities in activities of daily living, and a history of stroke were associated with the use of antidepressants. Each utilization of health care variable, (number of doctors visits, overnight hospitalization in the past year, and use of a regular doctor), was associated with antidepressant use in at least two of the four communities. After entering variables in a multivariate regression model, higher antidepressant use was significantly associated with female gender, race, poor self-perceived health, and a greater number of contacts with doctors in the past year.
C1 UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE,CATTEDRA GERONTOL,ROME,ITALY.
CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DURHAM,NC 27710.
RP BROWN, SL (reprint author), NIA,EPIDEMIOL DEMOG & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,7201 WISCONSIN AVE,SUITE 3C309,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA.
NR 21
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 4
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0895-4356
J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL
JI J. Clin. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 48
IS 3
BP 445
EP 453
DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)00188-V
PG 9
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health
GA QM991
UT WOS:A1995QM99100013
PM 7897465
ER
PT J
AU BANNERMAN, TL
HANCOCK, GA
TENOVER, FC
MILLER, JM
AF BANNERMAN, TL
HANCOCK, GA
TENOVER, FC
MILLER, JM
TI PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR
BACTERIOPHAGE-TYPING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GENOMIC DNA; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK
AB Bacteriophage typing (BT) (World Health Organization method) has been used at the Centers far Disease Control and Prevention for over 30 years to type isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Since studies have shown that BT patterns have poor reproducibility and because BT fails to type a high percentage (15 to 20%) of isolates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has converted from using BT to using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for strain typing S. aureus, We compared the results of BT with results of PFGE for typing 300 isolates of S. aureus, including strains from several well-characterized outbreaks. Ninety-six isolates were BT group I, 19 were group II, 82 were group III, 7 were group V, and 96 were nontypeable. PFGE identified subgroups within each phage group and thus was more discriminating than BT, which identified no subgroups. PFGE was able to type all isolates and distinguish related from unrelated strains of S. aureus. Our modified, standardized PFGE methodology should enable typing laboratories to obtain rapid, reliable results in 3 to 4 days when starting with an isolated colony on agar media.
RP BANNERMAN, TL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP C16,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011
NR 16
TC 404
Z9 424
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 551
EP 555
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG830
UT WOS:A1995QG83000008
PM 7751356
ER
PT J
AU DE, L
NOTTAY, B
YANG, CF
HOLLOWAY, BP
PALLANSCH, M
KEW, O
AF DE, L
NOTTAY, B
YANG, CF
HOLLOWAY, BP
PALLANSCH, M
KEW, O
TI IDENTIFICATION OF VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES BY HYBRIDIZATION WITH
SPECIFIC RNA PROBES
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION;
MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUSES; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; DNA;
GENOMES; STRAINS; ENTEROVIRUSES; POLIOMYELITIS
AB We developed RNA probes for the identification of poliovirus isolates by blot hybridization. Two sets of vaccine strain-specific probes were prepared. They complemented variable genomic domains within (i) the 5'-untranslated region and (ii) the amino-terminal codons of VP1. An enterovirus group probe (EV/5UT) matching highly conserved 5'-untranslated region sequences was used to estimate the quantities of poliovirus (or enterovirus) RNA in the samples. Poliovirus sequences amplified from Sabin strain virion RNA templates by PCR were inserted into the pUC18 plasmid vector. The antisense PCR primer for each probe set contained sequences encoding a T7 promoter. Hybrids were detected by a sensitive nonisotopic method. RNA probes were labeled by incorporation of digoxigenin-uridylate into the transcripts. The binding of probe to immobilized poliovirus RNAs was visualized by hydrolysis of the chemiluminescent substrate 4-methoxy-4-(3-phosphate-phenyl) -spiro-(1,2-dioxetane-3,2 '-adamantane) catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase conjugated to anti-digoxigenin (Fab) fragments. The specificities of the probes were evaluated with a panel of poliovirus isolates that had previously been characterized by sequence analysis. The RNAs of vaccine-related isolates hybridized with the appropriate probe sets. Wild polioviruses representing a broad spectrum of contemporary genotypes were recognized by the inabilities of their genomes to form stable hybrids with the Sabin strain-specific probes.
RP DE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 62
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 562
EP 571
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG830
UT WOS:A1995QG83000010
PM 7751358
ER
PT J
AU KAUFMAN, L
SEKHON, AS
MOLEDINA, N
JALBERT, M
PAPPAGIANIS, D
AF KAUFMAN, L
SEKHON, AS
MOLEDINA, N
JALBERT, M
PAPPAGIANIS, D
TI COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PREMIER EIA AND
MICROIMMUNODIFFUSION AND COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TESTS FOR
COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS ANTIBODIES
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB A total of 409 serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from human subjects with proven coccidioidomycosis, with other infections, or with no apparent illness were tested for antibodies to Coccidioides immitis by the Premier EIA (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio), which tests for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM responses to coccidioidal antigens, and by the conventional complement fixation (CF) or immunodiffusion (LD) assays for antibodies corresponding to those detected by the tube precipitin (TP) or CF tests. Of the 409 specimens, 47 were from persons with confirmed coccidioidomycosis and all were positive for C. immitis antibodies in IDCF tests and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for both IgG and IgM. The EIA for detecting both IgG and IgM antibodies proved to be sensitive for detecting coccidioidomycosis case sera positive by the IDCF, IDTP, and CF tests, Maximal sensitivity for diagnosing coccidioidomycosis is dependent upon detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies in the EIA. The EIA, however, was not absolutely specific, since some sera from patients with confirmed blastomycosis and some from patients with noncoccidioidal disease produced false-positive reactions.
C1 UNIV ALBERTA,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,PROV LAB PUBL HLTH,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2J2,CANADA.
UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DAVIS,CA 95616.
RP KAUFMAN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MS-G11,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 5
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 618
EP 619
PG 2
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG830
UT WOS:A1995QG83000019
PM 7751365
ER
PT J
AU HALONEN, P
ROCHA, E
HIERHOLZER, J
HOLLOWAY, B
HYYPIA, T
HURSKAINEN, P
PALLANSCH, M
AF HALONEN, P
ROCHA, E
HIERHOLZER, J
HOLLOWAY, B
HYYPIA, T
HURSKAINEN, P
PALLANSCH, M
TI DETECTION OF ENTEROVIRUSES AND RHINOVIRUSES IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS BY PCR
AND LIQUID-PHASE HYBRIDIZATION
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROMETRY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS;
INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE;
AMPLIFICATION; RNA; PICORNAVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS
AB A sensitive method based on PCR followed by liquid-phase hybridization for detection of enterovirus and rhinovirus RNAs in clinical specimens and cell culture supernatants is described. RNA was extracted from stool samples, throat swabs, nasopharyngeal aspirates, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and plasma with a commercial phenol-guanidinium-chloroform reagent and purified on a polysulfone membrane, on which the reverse transcriptase reaction was also done. Two sets of oligonucleotide primers from the 5' noncoding region of picornaviruses were selected for DNA amplification of 153-bp (enterovirus) and 120-bp (rhinovirus) regions. Double-stranded amplicons were digested into single strands with T7 gene 6 exonuclease and quantitated by an assay using a europium-labeled probe, streptavidin- and biotinylated probe-coated microtitration wells, and time-resolved fluorometry. The sensitivity of the assay was about one template molecule when purified coxsackievirus A9 RNA was used. All enterovirus prototype strains, except echoviruses 22 and 23, and clinical isolates grown in cell culture or suckling mice were strongly positive by the enterovirus PCR-hybridization, as were selected prototype strains and untyped isolates of rhinoviruses by the rhinovirus PCR-hybridization. In a series of 100 clinical specimens tested, the results for 92 agreed with virus culture results. The detection method described will be useful in etiopathogenic studies on enteroviruses and rhinoviruses.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM, BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA.
UNIV TURKU, DEPT VIROL, SF-20520 TURKU, FINLAND.
WALLAC OY, SF-20101 TURKU, FINLAND.
NR 42
TC 96
Z9 96
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 648
EP 653
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG830
UT WOS:A1995QG83000026
PM 7751371
ER
PT J
AU ALLEN, RD
PELLETT, PE
STEWART, JA
KOOPMANS, M
AF ALLEN, RD
PELLETT, PE
STEWART, JA
KOOPMANS, M
TI NONRADIOACTIVE PCR ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY METHOD FOR
DETECTION OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DNA
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFICATION; VIRUS
AB We developed a rapid, sensitive, and specific PCR-based assay for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The assay includes primer and probe sequences derived from conserved HCMV nucleotide sequences and nonradioactive hybridization-confirmation. The assay detected between 10 and 100 viral genomes. All HCMV clinical isolates tested (39 of 39) gave positive reactions.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 13
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 725
EP 728
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG830
UT WOS:A1995QG83000040
PM 7751384
ER
PT J
AU HOLLIS, DG
DANESHVAR, MI
MOSS, CW
BAKER, CN
AF HOLLIS, DG
DANESHVAR, MI
MOSS, CW
BAKER, CN
TI PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS, FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION, AND ISOPRENOID
QUINONE CONTENT OF CDC GROUP-IIG BACTERIA
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; NOV
AB Eleven strains of eugenic, nonoxidative, gram-negative rods isolated from clinical specimens formed a distinct group that was designated CDC group IIg. Five of the 11 isolates were from wounds. The phenotypic characteristics of CDC group IIg were most similar to those of Weeksella species, with the major difference being that CDC group IIg strains grew on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days, did not hydrolyze gelatin, and did not produce urease. All 11 strains of CDC group IIg possessed a distinct fatty acid profile that was characterized by large amounts (19 to 29%) of 18:1 omega 7c, 16:0, and 16:1 omega 7c, moderate amounts (6 to 10%) of 3-OH-14:0 and 14:0, and smaller amounts (1 to 2%) of 18:2, 18:0, and 3-OH-16:0. This fatty acid profile differs from those of Weeksella species by the absence of branched-chain fatty acids, CDC group IIg contains ubiquinone-8, as opposed to menaquinone-6 in Weeksella species. The isolates were susceptible to a variety of antimicrobial agents, including the aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and polymyxin B.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP HOLLIS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 11
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 33
IS 3
BP 762
EP 764
PG 3
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA QG830
UT WOS:A1995QG83000051
PM 7751393
ER
PT J
AU JAN, LR
YANG, CS
TRENT, DW
FALGOUT, B
LAI, CJ
AF JAN, LR
YANG, CS
TRENT, DW
FALGOUT, B
LAI, CJ
TI PROCESSING OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS -
NS2B-NS3 COMPLEX AND HETEROLOGOUS PROTEASES
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VACCINIA
VIRUS; POLYPROTEIN; CLEAVAGE; NS3; IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN; FLAVIVIRUSES
AB Processing of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus nonstructural (NS) proteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses was analysed to characterize the responsible viral protease. Analysis of the processing of polyprotein NS2A-2B-3' containing the N-terminal 322 amino acids of NS3 revealed products consistent with cleavages at the predicted intergenic junctions as well as at one or possibly two sites within NS2A, Cleavage at the alternate site(s) containing the cleavage sequence motif within NS2A could possibly explain the production of the NS1' protein in JE virus-infected cells. Polyprotein NS2A-d2B-3' containing a large deletion within NS2B was cleavage-defective, despite the presence of the proposed NS3 protease domain. Cleavage of NS2A-d2B-3' was restored if NS2B or NS2A-2B was supplied in trans, providing evidence that NS2B is strictly required for NS3 proteolytic activity. NS2B- or NS3-specific sera raised against the bacterial TrpE fusion protein co-precipitated NS2B and NS3 or NS3'from the lysate of JE virus or recombinant virus-infected cells. Thus both protease components are associated as a complex, presumably representing the active JE virus protease. JE virus and the analogous dengue 4 (DEN-4) protease components were employed to examine the activity of heterologous proteases. The defective cleavage of JE virus NS2A-d2B-3' was complemented by heterologous DEN-4 NS2B, whereas the defective cleavage of DEN-4 NS2A-d2B-3' was not corrected by heterologous JE virus NS2B. This suggests that the heterologous JE virus NS2B-DEN-4 NS3 protease is not active, despite the considerable sequence conservation of NS2B and NS3 between the two viruses. The cleavage activity was restored by replacement of the C-terminal 80 amino acids of JE virus NS2B with the corresponding DEN-4 sequence, consistent with the notion that the C-terminal region contains amino acid residues for interaction with DEN-4 NS3.
C1 NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,MOLEC VIRAL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NATL TAIWAN UNIV,COLL MED,INST MICROBIOL,TAIPEI 10764,TAIWAN.
NATL INST PREVENT MED,TAIPEI 11513,TAIWAN.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522.
US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,VECTOR BORNE DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,MOLEC VIRAL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NR 28
TC 44
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 76
BP 573
EP 580
DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-3-573
PN 3
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA QL246
UT WOS:A1995QL24600009
PM 7897348
ER
PT J
AU HALEY, RW
CUSHION, NB
TENOVER, FC
BANNERMAN, TL
DRYER, D
ROSS, J
SANCHEZ, PJ
SIEGEL, JD
AF HALEY, RW
CUSHION, NB
TENOVER, FC
BANNERMAN, TL
DRYER, D
ROSS, J
SANCHEZ, PJ
SIEGEL, JD
TI ERADICATION OF ENDEMIC METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
INFECTIONS FROM A NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID INVERSION GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION; NOSOCOMIAL
INFECTIONS; MUPIROCIN; OUTBREAK; COLONIZATION; REGIMENS; NURSERY; RISK
AB To control infections with endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), triple dye was applied to the umbilical cords of infants in the intermediate-care but not the intensive-care area. The rate of MRSA infection, adjusted for time and intensity of care, decreased in the intermediate-care area (rate ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.87; P < .01) but not in the intensive-care area (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.41-2.24; P = .48). After 22 months, the rate increased in both areas (Mantel-Haenszel rate ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8; P < .05) after overcrowding and understaffing increased. After temporary reduction of overcrowding and understaffing, extension of triple dye use to the intensive-care area and dedication of an infection control nurse to the NICU, MRSA colonization and infection rates decreased to near zero in both areas (infection rate ratios, 0.09 and 0.11, respectively; P < .005). The endemic MRSA strain, identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, was eradicated.
C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DALLAS,TX 75235.
PARKLAND MEM HOSP & AFFILIATED INST,DEPT INFECT CONTROL,DALLAS,TX.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA.
RP HALEY, RW (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,5323 HARRY HINES BLVD,DALLAS,TX 75235, USA.
RI Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011; Haley, Robert/P-9026-2014
OI Haley, Robert/0000-0001-8849-9579
NR 58
TC 162
Z9 164
U1 0
U2 5
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 3
BP 614
EP 624
PG 11
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QJ455
UT WOS:A1995QJ45500015
PM 7876608
ER
PT J
AU TWUMASI, PA
KUMAH, S
LEACH, A
ODEMPSEY, TJD
CEESAY, SJ
TODD, J
BROOME, CV
CARLONE, GM
PAIS, LB
HOLDER, PK
PLIKAYTIS, BD
GREENWOOD, BM
AF TWUMASI, PA
KUMAH, S
LEACH, A
ODEMPSEY, TJD
CEESAY, SJ
TODD, J
BROOME, CV
CARLONE, GM
PAIS, LB
HOLDER, PK
PLIKAYTIS, BD
GREENWOOD, BM
TI A TRIAL OF A GROUP-A PLUS GROUP-C MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE-PROTEIN
CONJUGATE VACCINE IN AFRICAN INFANTS
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS GROUP; GROUP-A; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODY; PERSISTENCE;
AGE
AB The safety and immunogenicity of a group A plus group C meningococcal polysaccharide-CRM(197) conjugate vaccine was evaluated in 304 8- to 10-week-old Gambian infants. Infants were immunized with one, two, or three doses of conjugate vaccine or with two doses of a meningococcal A plus C polysaccharide vaccine. The conjugate vaccine produced few systemic side effects, and local reactions were similar to those produced by the polysaccharide vaccine. Postvaccination group A meningococcal polysaccharide antibody levels, measured by ELISA, increased progressively after one, two, or three doses of conjugate vaccine. However, one dose of conjugate vaccine given at the age of 6 months induced a higher group C meningococcal antibody response than did two doses of conjugate vaccine given at 2 and 6 months. Two doses of conjugate vaccine induced higher levels of antibody than did two doses of polysaccharide vaccine. Thus, this new meningococcal conjugate vaccine proved to be safe and immunogenic.
C1 MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 24
TC 122
Z9 127
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 3
BP 632
EP 638
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QJ455
UT WOS:A1995QJ45500017
PM 7876610
ER
PT J
AU MCMAHON, BJ
WILLIAMS, J
BULKOW, L
SNOWBALL, M
WAINWRIGHT, R
KENNEDY, M
KRAUSE, D
AF MCMAHON, BJ
WILLIAMS, J
BULKOW, L
SNOWBALL, M
WAINWRIGHT, R
KENNEDY, M
KRAUSE, D
TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF AN INACTIVATED HEPATITIS-A VACCINE IN ALASKA NATIVE
CHILDREN AND NATIVE AND NONNATIVE ADULTS
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID A VACCINE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; VIRUS-INFECTION; SAFETY; TRIAL
AB The response to an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was assessed in 307 persons: 163 Alaska Native children, ages 3-6 years, and 144 Native (84) and non-Native (60) adults. All adults received the same vaccine schedule (0, 1, and 12 months), whereas children were randomized to receive three different schedules (0, 1, and 6; 0, 1, and 2; or 0, 1, and 12 months). After one dose, 141 (96%) of 147 children and 129 (90%) of 143 adults responded with levels of antibody to hepatitis A virus >20 mIU/mL. After three doses, all participants responded. The geometric mean titer (GMT) 1 month after the third dose was significantly higher in children who received the third dose 12 months after the first dose rather than 2 months after the first dose. While there were differences in the GMT of some blood samples by age, sex, and ethnicity, all participants responded to the vaccine.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK.
SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA.
RP MCMAHON, BJ (reprint author), ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT MED,ALASKA AREA NAT HLTH SERV,INDIAN HLTH SERV,255 GAMBELL,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA.
NR 14
TC 50
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 3
BP 676
EP 679
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QJ455
UT WOS:A1995QJ45500023
PM 7876615
ER
PT J
AU MALDONADO, YA
WANG, NE
CALDWELL, B
CHMYZ, M
SEAVELLO, J
PROBER, CG
SULLIVAN, B
WARA, D
WEINTRUB, P
PETRU, A
ALBIN, C
MAILHOT, E
WILSON, MJ
AF MALDONADO, YA
WANG, NE
CALDWELL, B
CHMYZ, M
SEAVELLO, J
PROBER, CG
SULLIVAN, B
WARA, D
WEINTRUB, P
PETRU, A
ALBIN, C
MAILHOT, E
WILSON, MJ
TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF CHILDREN WITH
PERINATAL HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID HIV-INFECTION; ANTIGEN
AB Surveillance of children born to women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at five pediatric regional centers assessed times and patterns of clinical recognition in these children. Regional HIV seroprevalences among childbearing women were used to assess the proportion of identified children born to HIV-infected women. In total, 415 children with perinatal HIV exposure were identified. Early age at first HIV evaluation was significantly associated with maternal intravenous drug use (3.2 vs. 7.2 months for other or unknown maternal risk, P = .01), birth county with population >500,000 (3.5 vs. 8.2 months for population less than or equal to 500,000, P = .003), and hospital with routine HIV screening of pregnant women (0.1 vs. 8.8 months for no screening, P = .006). Race did not correlate with age at first evaluation. Using maternal HIV seroprevalence rates for 1988-1991, 34%-50% of the expected number of infants born to HIV-infected women were in clinical care. Perception of increased maternal risk for HIV infection was associated with early clinical recognition of infants of HIV-infected women.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP MALDONADO, YA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROOM G312,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA.
FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU901179-02]
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 3
BP 689
EP 692
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QJ455
UT WOS:A1995QJ45500027
PM 7876619
ER
PT J
AU ADDISS, DG
DIMOCK, KA
EBERHARD, ML
LAMMIE, PJ
AF ADDISS, DG
DIMOCK, KA
EBERHARD, ML
LAMMIE, PJ
TI CLINICAL, PARASITOLOGICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF PATIENTS
WITH HYDROCELE AND ELEPHANTIASIS IN AN AREA WITH ENDEMIC LYMPHATIC
FILARIASIS
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Note
ID INFECTION; RESPONSIVENESS; DISEASE
AB Hydrocele and elephantiasis, major clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis, are thought to share a common pathogenesis. The characteristics of 121 patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis in Leogane, Haiti, were compared: 39% of 57 men with hydrocele and 3% of 64 persons with lymphedema of the leg were microfilaria-positive (P < .001). Circulating filarial antigen, presumably from the adult worm, was detected in 15 (43%) microfilaria-negative men with hydrocele and 9 (15%) microfilaria-negative persons with leg edema (P = .004). Microfilaria-positive men had lower levels of filaria-specific IgG1 and hydroceles of significantly smaller volume and shorter duration than did microfilaria-negative men; hydrocele volume was inversely associated with microfilarial density (P = .001). In contrast, filarial antigen but not microfilariae was associated with filaria-specific IgG4 and decreased lymphocyte proliferation. Antigen status was not associated with severity of leg edema. In this filariasis-endemic area, men with hydrocele are more immunologically and parasitologically heterogeneous than are persons with elephantiasis.
RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,F-22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
FU PHS HHS [Y02-0005]
NR 15
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 3
BP 755
EP 758
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QJ455
UT WOS:A1995QJ45500044
PM 7876636
ER
PT J
AU DECOURTEN, MP
KSIAZEK, TG
ROLLIN, PE
KHAN, AS
DAILY, PJ
KNOWLER, WC
AF DECOURTEN, MP
KSIAZEK, TG
ROLLIN, PE
KHAN, AS
DAILY, PJ
KNOWLER, WC
TI SEROPREVALENCE STUDY OF HANTAVIRUS ANTIBODIES IN PIMA-INDIANS WITH
RENAL-DISEASE
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Letter
ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA.
RP DECOURTEN, MP (reprint author), NIDDK,PHOENIX EPIDEMIOL & CLIN RES BRANCH,DIABET & ARTHRIT EPIDEMIOL SECT,1550 E INDIAN SCH RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85014, USA.
RI de Courten, Maximilian/B-3300-2012
OI de Courten, Maximilian/0000-0001-9997-9359
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 171
IS 3
BP 762
EP 763
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA QJ455
UT WOS:A1995QJ45500049
PM 7876639
ER
PT J
AU KARETNYI, YV
FAVOROV, MO
KHUDYAKOVA, NS
WEISS, P
BARSHANI, S
HANDSHER, R
ABOUDY, Y
VARSANO, N
SCHWARTZ, E
LEVIN, E
MENDELSON, E
FIELDS, HA
AF KARETNYI, YV
FAVOROV, MO
KHUDYAKOVA, NS
WEISS, P
BARSHANI, S
HANDSHER, R
ABOUDY, Y
VARSANO, N
SCHWARTZ, E
LEVIN, E
MENDELSON, E
FIELDS, HA
TI SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION IN ISRAEL
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HEPATITIS E; HEV; SEROLOGY
ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; EPIDEMIC NON-A; CHILDREN; ASSAY
AB Israel is suspected to be endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV) because of its geographic location and the large-scale immigration from endemic countries. Although no cases of local HEV infection have been diagnosed, a serological survey would provide indirect evidence for such infection. We examined sera from 1,416 healthy subjects, including 1,139 Jews from various regions of Israel and 277 Arabs, most of whom reside in the West Bank of the Jordan River. In addition, we tested 13 non-A, non-B, and non-C viral hepatitis patients. Sera were screened for antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by immunoblots for both IgG and IgM anti-HEV activity. Positive samples were confirmed by neutralization.
The seroprevalence found by EIA was 2.81% and 1.81% in the Jewish and Arab populations, respectively. More than a 2-fold higher prevalence in males compared to females and an increase with age were found in both populations. However, these differences were nonsignificant. The geographical distribution was even throughout the country, except for two clusters of 3 and 4 seropositive individuals possibly reflecting past foci of infection. Eight of 37 EIA-positive sera were positive for IgG, and 3 were positive for IgM by the immunoblot assay. Among hepatitis patients (9 acute and 4 chronic), one patient with chronic hepatitis was positive for both IgG and IgM.
Our study provides indirect evidence that Israel is endemic for HEV. The lack of outbreaks may be attributed to generally good hygienic conditions and a controlled potable water supply, while unrecognized sporadic cases may be due to the unavailability of diagnostic tests. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,LIVER UNIT,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED E,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
MAGEN DAVID ADOM,CENT BLOOD BANK,TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP KARETNYI, YV (reprint author), CHAIM SHEBA MED CTR,CENT VIROL LAB,IL-52621 TEL HASHOMER,ISRAEL.
NR 27
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0146-6615
J9 J MED VIROL
JI J. Med. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 45
IS 3
BP 316
EP 320
DI 10.1002/jmv.1890450314
PG 5
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA QK022
UT WOS:A1995QK02200013
PM 7775954
ER
PT J
AU SCHULTE, PA
WALKER, JT
BOENIGER, MF
TSUCHIYA, Y
HALPERIN, WE
AF SCHULTE, PA
WALKER, JT
BOENIGER, MF
TSUCHIYA, Y
HALPERIN, WE
TI MOLECULAR, CYTOGENETIC, AND HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE-OXIDE ON
FEMALE HOSPITAL WORKERS
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Womens Health - Occupation and Cancer
CY NOV, 1993
CL BALTIMORE, MD
ID BIOLOGIC MARKERS; EXPOSURE
AB Women comprise the majority of workers exposed to ethylene oxide during sterilization of medical instruments and supplies. This article evaluates molecular, cytogenetic, and hematologic effects of ethylene oxide on 68 women workers employed in nine hospitals in the United States and one hospital in Mexico. Workers were classified by three exposure categories: none (0), low (>0-32 ppm-hrs), and high (>32 ppm-hrs). Hematologic effects were evaluated using complete blood count with differential, which has been questioned as a test for screening ethylene oxide-exposed workers. A statistically significant decrease in hematocrit (n = 0.02) and hemoglobin (P = 0.03) levels, an increase in lymphocyte percentages (P = 0.04), and a relative decrease in neutrophil percentages (P = 0.03) with exposure were observed in US workers. The absolute number of lymphocytes, however, showed no relationship with exposure. No statistically significant results were seen for Mexican workers, although hematocrit decreased with exposure. An exposure-response relationship for the percentage for lymphocytes (positive) and neutrophils (negative) in US subjects and for neutrophils (positive) in Mexican subjects was seen. No overall relation with exposure was observed for total number of white cells. Molecular and cytogenetic results are also reported for the 68 women, who constitute a subgroup from a previous report. US women workers showed a statistically significant exposure-response relationship for ethylene oxide and hemoglobin adducts (P = 0.0002) and sister chromatid exchanges (P 0.001). For micronuclei, the difference (P = 0.02) between low and high exposure was statistically significant. In Mexican workers, an exposure-response relationship was observed (P = 0.002) for hemoglobin adducts but not for sister chromatid exchanges or micronuclei.
RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,SCREENING & NOTIFICAT SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA.
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 1076-2752
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED
JI J. Occup. Environ. Med.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 37
IS 3
BP 313
EP 320
DI 10.1097/00043764-199503000-00008
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QM284
UT WOS:A1995QM28400008
PM 7796199
ER
PT J
AU WILEY, JF
BELL, LM
ROSENBLUM, LS
NUSSBAUM, J
TOBIN, R
HENRETIG, FM
AF WILEY, JF
BELL, LM
ROSENBLUM, LS
NUSSBAUM, J
TOBIN, R
HENRETIG, FM
TI LEAD-POISONING - LOW RATES OF SCREENING AND HIGH PREVALENCE AMONG
CHILDREN SEEN IN INNER-CITY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Note
AB Of 254 children who were 1 to 6 years of age and were tested at two major inner-city emergency departments, 65% had no record of previous lead screening in the previous 30 months, and 71% (97/137) and 50% (58/117), respectively, had blood lead levels greater than or equal to 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dl). The emergency department may be an appropriate resource for lead screening of selected inner-city children.
C1 TEMPLE UNIV, ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, EMERGENCY MED SECT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19133 USA.
UNIV PENN, CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, EMERGENCY MED SECT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA.
UNIV PENN, CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT, DIV GEN PEDIAT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA.
DEPT PUBL HLTH, PHILADELPHIA CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING PREVENT PRO, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA.
FU PHS HHS [990-0115]
NR 11
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 126
IS 3
BP 392
EP 395
DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70455-8
PG 4
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA QL579
UT WOS:A1995QL57900011
PM 7869199
ER
PT J
AU SERDULA, MK
KOONG, SL
WILLIAMSON, DF
ANDA, RF
MADANS, JH
KLEINMAN, JC
BYERS, T
AF SERDULA, MK
KOONG, SL
WILLIAMSON, DF
ANDA, RF
MADANS, JH
KLEINMAN, JC
BYERS, T
TI ALCOHOL INTAKE AND SUBSEQUENT MORTALITY - FINDINGS FROM THE NHANES-I
FOLLOW-UP-STUDY
SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MODERATE ALCOHOL; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY;
ALAMEDA COUNTY; BREAST-CANCER; SHAPED CURVE; RISK-FACTORS; CONSUMPTION;
MEN; COHORT
AB Objective: Because past research has focused primarily on populations of middle-aged men, the relationship between alcohol and mortality among women and the elderly has been less well substantiated. Method: We examined the relationship between alcohol intake and mortality using data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Total mortality was examined for both sexes (N = 4,614 women, 3,573 men), but ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality was examined only for men because the number of deaths was too small in Women. Proportional hazards modeling was used to adjust for the baseline characteristics of age, race, education, body weight, smoking and physical activity. Results: For men aged 40 to 64, the adjusted relative risks (RR) of death for drinking levels of .5 drinks/day, .5 to < 2 and greater-than-or-equal-to 2 (compared to the nondrinking reference group) were 0.8 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.6, 1.1), 0.9 (CI:0.6, 1.2) and 1.2 (CI: 0.9, 1.6); RRs of IHD mortality were 0.6 (CI: 0.4, 0.9), 0.5 (CI: 0.3, 0.9) and 0.7 (CI: 0.5, 1.2). For women aged 40 to 64, the RRs for death for the same exposure categories were 1.2 (CI: 0.9, 1.6), 0.9 (CI: 0.6, 1.4) and 1.9 (CI: 1.2, 3.0). Among both sexes 65 years and olds, consumption of < 2 drinks/day was associated with about a 20% decrease in total mortality and IHD mortality (men only). However, this protective effect disappeared after exclusion of those with pre-existing disease. Conclusions: Our findings support a protective effect of moderate alcohol intake on IHD mortality in middle-aged men. Among both men and women, there was little evidence of a protective association between moderate alcohol intake and total mortality after excluding those with pre-existing disease.
RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR K26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 26
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 2
PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV
PI PISCATAWAY
PA PO BOX 969, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-0969
SN 0096-882X
J9 J STUD ALCOHOL
JI J. Stud. Alcohol
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 56
IS 2
BP 233
EP 239
PG 7
WC Substance Abuse; Psychology
SC Substance Abuse; Psychology
GA QJ076
UT WOS:A1995QJ07600016
PM 7760571
ER
PT J
AU LANGLOIS, JA
SMITH, GS
NELSON, DE
SATTIN, RW
STEVENS, JA
DEVITO, CA
AF LANGLOIS, JA
SMITH, GS
NELSON, DE
SATTIN, RW
STEVENS, JA
DEVITO, CA
TI DEPENDENCE IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AS A RISK FACTOR FOR FALL
INJURY EVENTS AMONG OLDER-PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
ID ELDERLY PERSONS; POPULATION; DISABILITY
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA.
UNIV MIAMI,DEPT FAMILY MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124.
VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MIAMI,FL.
OI Smith, Gordon/0000-0002-2911-3071
FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU400728]
NR 28
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 2
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0002-8614
J9 J AM GERIATR SOC
JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 43
IS 3
BP 275
EP 278
PG 4
WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA QK439
UT WOS:A1995QK43900015
PM 7884118
ER
PT J
AU FRIEDE, A
AF FRIEDE, A
TI GRAND CHALLENGES IN MEDICAL INFORMATICS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Letter
RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 1
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107
SN 1067-5027
J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN
JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 2
IS 2
BP 136
EP 136
PG 1
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science;
Medical Informatics
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical
Informatics
GA QL256
UT WOS:A1995QL25600008
PM 7743316
ER
PT J
AU DARBY, SC
WHITLEY, E
HOWE, GR
HUTCHINGS, SJ
KUSIAK, RA
LUBIN, JH
MORRISON, HI
TIRMARCHE, M
TOMASEK, L
RADFORD, EP
ROSCOE, RJ
SAMET, JM
YAO, SX
AF DARBY, SC
WHITLEY, E
HOWE, GR
HUTCHINGS, SJ
KUSIAK, RA
LUBIN, JH
MORRISON, HI
TIRMARCHE, M
TOMASEK, L
RADFORD, EP
ROSCOE, RJ
SAMET, JM
YAO, SX
TI RADON AND CANCERS OTHER THAN LUNG-CANCER IN UNDERGROUND MINERS - A
COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS OF 11 STUDIES
SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
LA English
DT Article
ID URANIUM MINERS; MORTALITY 1950-80; DAUGHTER EXPOSURE; COHORT; WORKERS;
LEUKEMIA; RISK; PROGENY
AB Background: Exposure to the radioactive gas radon and its progeny (Rn-222 and its radioactive decay products) has recently been linked to a variety of cancers other than lung cancer in geographic correlation studies of domestic radon exposure and in individual cohorts of occupationally exposed miners. Purpose: This study was designed to characterize further the risks for cancers other than lung cancer (i.e., non-lung cancers) from atmospheric radon. Methods: Mortality from non-lung cancer was examined in a collaborative analysis of data from 11 cohorts of underground miners in which radon-related excesses of lung cancer had been established. The study included 64 209 men who were employed in the mines for 6.4 years on average, received average cumulative exposures of 155 working-level months (WLM), and were followed for 16.9 years on average. Results: For all non-lung cancers combined, mortality was close to that expected from mortality rates in the areas surrounding the mines (ratio of observed to expected deaths [O/E] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-1.07, based on 1179 deaths), and mortality did not increase with increasing cumulative exposure. Among 28 individual cancer categories, statistically significant increases in mortality for cancers of the stomach (O/E = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.16-1.52) and liver (O/E = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.29-2.28) and statistically significant decreases for cancers of the tongue and mouth (O/E = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.26-0.93), pharynx (O/E = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.16-0.66), and colon (O/E = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.63-0.95) were observed. For leukemia, mortality was increased in the period less than 10 years since starting work (O/E = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.19-2.95) but not subsequently. For none of these diseases was mortality significantly related to cumulative exposure. Among the remaining individual categories of non-lung cancer, mortality was related to cumulative exposure only for cancer of the pancreas (excess relative risk per WLM = 0.07%; 95% CI = 0.01-0.12) and, in the period less than 10 years since the start of employment, for other and unspecified cancers (excess relative risk per WLM = 0.22%; 95% CI = 0.08-0.37). Conclusions: The increases in mortality from stomach and liver cancers and leukemia are unlikely to have been caused by radon, since they are unrelated to cumulative exposure. The association between cumulative exposure and pancreatic cancer seems likely to be a chance finding, while the association between cumulative exposure and other and unspecified cancers was caused by deaths certified as due to carcinomatosis (widespread disseminated cancer throughout the body) that were likely to have been due to lung cancers. This study, therefore, provides considerable evidence that high concentrations of radon in air do not cause a material risk of mortality from cancers other than lung cancer. Implications: Protection standards for radon should continue to be based on consideration of the lung cancer risk alone.
C1 NATL CANC INST CANADA,TORONTO,ON,CANADA.
HLTH & SAFETY EXECUT,BOOTLE,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND.
ONTARIO MINIST LABOR,TORONTO,ON,CANADA.
NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
HLTH & WELF CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA.
CEN,INST PROTECT SURETE NUCL,FONTENAY ROSES,FRANCE.
NATL INST PUBL HLTH,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC.
NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226.
UNIV NEW MEXICO,NEW MEXICO TUMOR REGISTRY,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131.
RP DARBY, SC (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,GIBSON BLDG,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND.
NR 51
TC 139
Z9 145
U1 1
U2 9
PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE
PI BETHESDA
PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0027-8874
J9 J NATL CANCER I
JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
PD MAR 1
PY 1995
VL 87
IS 5
BP 378
EP 384
DI 10.1093/jnci/87.5.378
PG 7
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA QH570
UT WOS:A1995QH57000012
PM 7853419
ER
PT J
AU KLIMOV, AI
COX, NJ
AF KLIMOV, AI
COX, NJ
TI PCR RESTRICTION ANALYSIS OF GENOME COMPOSITION AND STABILITY OF
COLD-ADAPTED REASSORTANT LIVE INFLUENZA VACCINES
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE INFLUENZA VIRUS; VACCINE REASSORTANTS; GENOME COMPOSITION; GENETIC
STABILITY; PCR RESTRICTION ANALYSIS
ID VIRUS GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINANTS; GENES
AB Using cold-adapted master donor strains of influenza virus as a model, an approach was developed that exploits unique nucleotide differences between the donor strains and wild-type influenza viruses for rapidly and simply determining the genome composition and genetic stability of live attenuated vaccine reassortants. The approach is based on PCR amplification of approximately 150-300-nucleotide-long regions of individual RNA segments that include the unique nucleotide positions, followed by restriction nuclease treatment of the DNAs obtained with specific restriction endonucleases. Restriction sites recognized by chosen nucleases either existed or were created during PCR in the genome of one (but not the other) parent strain. The technique requires a minimal amount of infectious virus (approx. 100 mu l of allantoic or tissue culture fluid with a haemagglutination titre 1:4-1:8 or less) and allows rapid (within about 10 h) determination of the origin of the RNA segment or the presence of a mutation. The method is beneficial for genome composition analysis of reassortant vaccine strains as well as for investigation of the genetic stability of live attenuated vaccines during replication in vaccinees.
C1 RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,VIRAL PREPARAT RES INST,MOSCOW 109088,RUSSIA.
RP KLIMOV, AI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,G-16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 13
TC 41
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-0934
J9 J VIROL METHODS
JI J. Virol. Methods
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 1-2
BP 41
EP 49
DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00133-2
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Virology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Virology
GA QL373
UT WOS:A1995QL37300005
PM 7769038
ER
PT J
AU SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D
PATTON, JL
STEWART, JA
PELLETT, PE
AF SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D
PATTON, JL
STEWART, JA
PELLETT, PE
TI DETECTION OF EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES BY MEANS OF
BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED EBV GP125
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; SERODIAGNOSIS; VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN; BACULOVIRUS
EXPRESSION; GLYCOPROTEIN B
ID INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6;
GLYCOPROTEIN-B; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; GENOME; ELISA; DNA
AB A major antigenic component of the Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (VCA) complex is the glycoprotein, gp125. Baculovirus-expressed gp125 reacted with Epstein-Barr virus IgG antibodies in a panel of 44 serum specimens using an immunoblot assay with over 97% sensitivity, and 100% specificity as compared to anti-VCA reactivity in an immunofluorescence assay. In addition, no evidence for cross-reactivity was seen in reactions with members of a panel of human serum specimens of known reactivity with each of the other known human herpesviruses. Thus, baculovirus-expressed gp125 should prove a stable platform on which new Epstein-Barr virus-specific serodiagnostic tests can be built.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
BIOKIT SA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN.
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-0934
J9 J VIROL METHODS
JI J. Virol. Methods
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 52
IS 1-2
BP 145
EP 153
DI 10.1016/0166-0934(94)00157-C
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Virology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Virology
GA QL373
UT WOS:A1995QL37300016
PM 7769027
ER
PT J
AU HUMMEL, KB
BELLINI, WJ
AF HUMMEL, KB
BELLINI, WJ
TI LOCALIZATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY EPITOPES AND FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS IN
THE HEMAGGLUTININ PROTEIN OF MEASLES-VIRUS
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID FUSION PROTEIN; NEURAMINIDASE; DISEASE; GLYCOPROTEINS; ENCEPHALITIS;
RECEPTOR; STRAIN
AB The expression of chimeric proteins was performed for the localization of monoclonal antibody (MAb) epitopes and functional domains in the hemagglutinin (H) protein of measles virus. The fusion helper function of the H protein was ablated by a single amino acid substitution at residue 98. Loss of reactivity to MAb 79-XV-V17 and to MAbs 16-CD-11 and 80-II-B2 was attributed to substitutions between residues 211 and 298 and between 451 and 505, respectively. The 80-II-B2 MAb epitope also seemed to be within a domain required for hemadsorption and hemagglutination activities.
RP HUMMEL, KB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 34
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 69
IS 3
BP 1913
EP 1916
PG 4
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA QG073
UT WOS:A1995QG07300066
PM 7853533
ER
PT J
AU MORZUNOV, SP
FELDMANN, H
SPIROPOULOU, CF
SEMENOVA, VA
ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
PETERS, CJ
NICHOL, ST
AF MORZUNOV, SP
FELDMANN, H
SPIROPOULOU, CF
SEMENOVA, VA
ROLLIN, PE
KSIAZEK, TG
PETERS, CJ
NICHOL, ST
TI NEWLY RECOGNIZED VIRUS-ASSOCIATED WITH A FATAL CASE OF HANTAVIRUS
PULMONARY SYNDROME IN LOUISIANA
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA;
S-GENOME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FUNCTIONAL DISSECTION;
NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; CODING STRATEGY; HANTAAN VIRUS; SEGMENT
AB Genetic analysis of virus detected in autopsy tissues of a fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-like case in Louisiana revealed the presence of a previously unrecognized hantavirus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR fragments of the complete S and M segments of the virus amplified from RNA extracted from the tissues showed the virus to be novel, differing from the closest related hantavirus, Sin Nombre virus, by approximately 30%. Both genome segments were unique, and there was no evidence of genetic reassortment with previously characterized hantaviruses. The primary rodent reservoir of Sin Nombre virus, the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus, is absent from Louisiana. Thus, the virus detected in Louisiana, referred to here as Bayou virus, must possess a different rodent reservoir.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,G-14,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 44
TC 126
Z9 128
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 69
IS 3
BP 1980
EP 1983
PG 4
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA QG073
UT WOS:A1995QG07300078
PM 7853545
ER
PT J
AU COX, DL
AKINS, DR
PORCELLA, SF
NORGARD, MV
RADOLF, JD
AF COX, DL
AKINS, DR
PORCELLA, SF
NORGARD, MV
RADOLF, JD
TI TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM IN GEL MICRODROPLETS - A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR
INVESTIGATION OF TREPONEMAL MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE
SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID 34-KILODALTON MEMBRANE IMMUNOGEN; OUTER-MEMBRANE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
SUBSP PALLIDUM; LIPID MODIFICATION; PROTEINS; POLYPEPTIDES;
PURIFICATION; ANTIGENICITY; SYPHILIS
AB Controversy exists regarding the constituents and antigenic properties of the Treponema pallidum outer membrane; a major point of contention concerns the cellular location(s) of the spirochaete's lipoprotein immunogens. To address these issues and circumvent problems associated with prior efforts to localize treponemal surface antigens, we developed a novel strategy for investigating T. pallidum molecular architecture. Virulent treponemes were encapsulated in porous agarose beads (gel microdroplets) and then probed in the presence or absence of Triton X-100. Intact, encapsulated treponemes were not labelled by monospecific antisera directed against four major T. pallidum lipoproteins or a candidate T. pallidum outer membrane protein (TpN50) with C-terminal sequence homology to Escherichia coli OmpA or by human or rabbit syphilitic serum. Each of these immunologic reagents, however, labelled encapsulated treponemes co-incubated with detergent. In contrast, antibodies generated against isolated T. pallidum outer membranes labelled intact organisms and the pattern of fluorescence was consistent with the distribution of rare outer membrane proteins visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In addition to providing strong evidence that the protein portions of treponemal lipoproteins are located within the periplasmic space, these studies have extended our understanding of the topographical relationships among T. pallidum cell envelope constituents. They also demonstrate the feasibility of generating antibodies against rare outer membrane proteins and detecting them on the surfaces of virulent treponemes.
C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIV INFECT DIS,DALLAS,TX 75235.
UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DALLAS,TX 75235.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-16692, AI-26756]
NR 56
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL
SN 0950-382X
J9 MOL MICROBIOL
JI Mol. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1151
EP 1164
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02288.x
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
GA QU150
UT WOS:A1995QU15000015
PM 7623668
ER
PT J
AU FRENCH, SA
JEFFERY, RW
FOLSOM, AR
WILLIAMSON, DF
BYERS, T
AF FRENCH, SA
JEFFERY, RW
FOLSOM, AR
WILLIAMSON, DF
BYERS, T
TI HISTORY OF INTENTIONAL AND UNINTENTIONAL WEIGHT-LOSS IN A
POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE OF WOMEN AGED 55 TO 69 YEARS
SO OBESITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE DIETING; WEIGHT LOSS; OBESITY; WEIGHT VARIABILITY
ID BODY-WEIGHT; VARIABILITY; LONGEVITY; HEALTH; MEN
AB Although both overweight and body weight fluctuation are related to chronic disease risk, little is known about the history of and reasons for body weight change in the general population. This paper reports the incidence of intentional and unintentional weight loss episodes during adulthood in a population-based sample of 26,261 women aged 55 to 69 years. Intentional weight loss episodes of each of four amounts (5-9, 10-19, 20-49, 50+ lbs.) and unintentional weight loss episodes of 20 or more lbs, were recalled for each of three age periods (18-39, 40-54, 55+ years). At least one intentional weight loss episode of 5 or more lbs, was reported by, 69% of women, 46% reported at least one intentional weight loss episode of 10 or more lbs, and 25% reported at least one intentional weight loss episode 20 or more lbs. At least one unintentional weight loss episode of 20 or more lbs. was reported by 29% of the women. Reasons for weight losses of 20 or more Ibs. were also recalled. Women who had intentionally lost 20 or more lbs. were more likely to report weight losses due to low-calorie diets, exercise and weight loss groups, while women who had unintentionally lost 20 or more lbs, were more likely to report weight losses due to depression or stress. These findings question the common assumption that weight losses in adult women are primarily intentional and emphasize the need to distinguish the reasons for weight loss in studies examining the relationship between body weight changes and health outcomes.
C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55454.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA39742]
NR 9
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY
PI BATON ROUGE
PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808
SN 1071-7323
J9 OBES RES
JI Obes. Res.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 3
IS 2
BP 163
EP 170
PG 8
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA QX610
UT WOS:A1995QX61000006
PM 7719962
ER
PT J
AU IRWIN, KL
EDLIN, BR
WONG, LY
FARUQUE, S
MCCOY, V
WORD, C
SCHILLING, R
MCCOY, CB
EVANS, PE
HOLMBERG, SD
AF IRWIN, KL
EDLIN, BR
WONG, LY
FARUQUE, S
MCCOY, V
WORD, C
SCHILLING, R
MCCOY, CB
EVANS, PE
HOLMBERG, SD
TI URBAN RAPE SURVIVORS - CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVALENCE OF
HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AND OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; DISEASES; VICTIMS; ASSAULT; HIV
AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of recent rape, the characteristics or recent rape survivors, and the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and genital herpes (HSV-2) among recent rape survivors.
Methods: We surveyed women 18-29 years old who were recruited from places unassociated with medical or drug treatment or the criminal justice system in three urban communities where illicit drug use is common. We compared characteristics and HIV, syphilis, and HSV-2 sero-prevalence of women who reported recent rape with those of women who denied recent rape.
Results: One hundred fifty-one of 1104 (13.7%) women reported having been raped in the year before our interview. Rape survivors were more likely than women who denied recent rape to smoke crack cocaine (86.8 versus 56.7%; odds ratio [OR] 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-7.8), to be homeless (17.2 versus 6.1%; OR 3.2, CI 2.0-5.2), to report a recent sexually transmitted disease (38.7 versus 18.7%; OR 2.7, CI 1.9-3.9), and to be infected with syphilis (42.4 versus 28.4%; OR 1.9, CI 1.3-2.6) and HSV-2 (71.9 versus 57.5%; OR 1.9, CI 1.3-2.8). Survivors were more likely to acknowledge any HIV risk behavior (including sex work) (85.4 versus 49.5%; OR 5.9, CI 3.9-9.0) and to be HIV-infected (23.3 versus 13.4%; OR 1.9, CI 1.3-2.9). Rape was not independently associated with HIV (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.3), syphilis (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.3), or HSV-2 (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-2.0) infections after adjustment for confounding factors.
Conclusion: One in seven women reported being raped recently. Rape was most common among sex workers, crack smokers, and the homeless. Most survivors reported HIV risk behaviors, and many were HIV-infected. Programs to prevent repeated rape, voluntary HIV counseling and testing, and other medical and social services may benefit survivors in these and similar communities.
C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY.
ASSOC DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY.
UNIV MIAMI,COMPREHENS DRUG RES CTR,MIAMI,FL.
BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
RP IRWIN, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797
FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU404539, U64/CCU904453, U64/CCU204582]
NR 30
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 4
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 85
IS 3
BP 330
EP 336
DI 10.1016/0029-7844(94)00425-D
PG 7
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA QH305
UT WOS:A1995QH30500003
PM 7862367
ER
PT J
AU TSANG, VCW
WILSON, M
AF TSANG, VCW
WILSON, M
TI TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS - AN UNDER-RECOGNIZED BUT SERIOUS
PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM
SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY
LA English
DT Article
ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; PREVALENCE;
DIAGNOSIS; VILLAGE; ASSAY; PERU
AB The true impact and scope of the disease cysticercosis have been obscured by the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for the collection of reliable epidemiological data. Diagnosis has hitherto been dependent on clinical observations, radiologic imaging, and serologic assays that employ crude, non-specific antigens. These methods suffer from high cost and inaccessibility, and lock reliability. Development of the cysticercosis-specific glycoprotein antigens and their use in immunoblot have given us a diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and exquisite specificity. As discussed here by Victor Tsang and Marianna Wilson, use of this assay in recent epidemiologic studies has demonstrated the serious impact of cysticercosis to public health and the economy of the Pork industry.
RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA.
NR 18
TC 76
Z9 81
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0169-4758
J9 PARASITOL TODAY
JI Parasitol. Today
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 11
IS 3
BP 124
EP 126
DI 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80175-8
PG 3
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA QH307
UT WOS:A1995QH30700014
ER
PT J
AU BOSSE, DC
PARKER, JT
VOGLER, WR
ADES, EW
AF BOSSE, DC
PARKER, JT
VOGLER, WR
ADES, EW
TI SELECTIVE-INHIBITION OF ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION BY EDELFOSINE
(ET-18-OCH3) ON HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN OR MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM
SO PATHOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; ET-18-OCH3 (EDELFOSINE); ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
ID TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; ALKYL-LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES;
PROTEIN; VCAM-1; ICAM-1
AB An abundance of data is accumulating that suggest that if one can block endothelial cell-leukocyte binding or inhibit cell adhesion molecules (CAM), inflammatory events can be greatly diminished. In this report, we demonstrate that an alkyl-lysophospho-lipid compound (ET-18-OCH3) can decrease adhesion molecule expression on cultured human micro- and macrovascular endothelial cell. lines. ET-18 selectively decreased CAM expression; CD31 was decreased, however. Vascular CAM-1 tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression was not altered. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression was decreased, but endoglin expression was not affected. Thus, we have demonstrated nontoxic downmodulation of vascular CAM expression in vitro. Whether this compound will have anti-inflammatory properties needs to be clarified in animal models.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT HEMATOL,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1015-2008
J9 PATHOBIOLOGY
JI Pathobiology
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 63
IS 2
BP 109
EP 114
PG 6
WC Cell Biology; Pathology
SC Cell Biology; Pathology
GA RY038
UT WOS:A1995RY03800008
PM 8554699
ER
PT J
AU SAMB, B
AABY, P
WHITTLE, HC
SECK, AMC
RAHMAN, S
BENNETT, J
MARKOWITZ, L
SIMONDON, F
AF SAMB, B
AABY, P
WHITTLE, HC
SECK, AMC
RAHMAN, S
BENNETT, J
MARKOWITZ, L
SIMONDON, F
TI SEROLOGIC STATUS AND MEASLES ATTACK RATES AMONG VACCINATED AND
UNVACCINATED CHILDREN IN RURAL SENEGAL
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE HEMAGGLUTININ-INHIBITING ANTIBODIES; MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINE;
PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SECONDARY ATTACK RATES; SEROLOGY;
VACCINE EFFICACY
ID MORTALITY; EFFICACY; STRAIN
AB During a measles vaccine trial in a rural area of Senegal, antibody status was examined within 10 days of exposure for 228 previously vaccinated and 313 unvaccinated children more than 12 months old who were exposed to measles at home. Thirty-six percent of the children developed clinical measles, the clinical diagnosis being confirmed for 135 of the 137 children from whom 2 blood samples were collected. Vaccine efficacy was 90% (95% confidence interval, 83 to 94%). The hemagglutinin inhibiting antibodies (HI) or plaque neutralizing antibodies (PN) assays were equally efficient in predicting susceptibility and protection against measles. Vaccinated children who had no detectable HI or PN antibodies at exposure had significant protection against measles compared with seronegative unvaccinated children (HI vaccine efficacy, 49% (95% confidence interval, 21 to 68%); PN vaccine efficacy, 43% (95% confidence interval, 12 to 62%)). The attack rate was high for children with a titer of 40 to 125 mIU) 67% (4 of 6) of those with a positive hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody test and 36% (13 of 36) of those with a positive PN test developed measles. Attack rates among children with HI or PN titers above 125 mIU were 2% (6 of 295) and 3% (7 of 258), respectively. Because titers of less than or equal to 120 mIU have been found to offer little protection in another study, this antibody level may be the best screening value for assessing susceptibility and protection against measles. However, it should be noted that many seronegative vaccinated children are protected against measles infection.
C1 STATENS SERUM INST,DANISH EPIDEMIOL SCI CTR,EPIDEMIOL RES UNIT,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S,DENMARK.
ORSTOM,UNITE RECH MALAD INFECT & PARASITAIRES,DAKAR,SENEGAL.
UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,DAKAR,SENEGAL.
MRC LABS,BANJUL,GAMBIA.
TASK FORCE CHILD SURVIVAL & DEV,ATLANTA,GA.
CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341.
NR 23
TC 100
Z9 102
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 14
IS 3
BP 203
EP 209
DI 10.1097/00006454-199503000-00007
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA QL716
UT WOS:A1995QL71600007
PM 7761185
ER
PT J
AU HALPERIN, WE
AF HALPERIN, WE
TI MORE SURVEILLANCE IN CHILD-CARE, PLEASE - COMMENT
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Note
RP HALPERIN, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 2
BP 117
EP 118
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR458
UT WOS:A1995QR45800002
PM 7630986
ER
PT J
AU STROUP, DF
THACKER, SB
AF STROUP, DF
THACKER, SB
TI PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN CHILD-CARE SETTINGS
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; CENTERS; INJURIES; INFECTIONS; SYSTEM
AB To investigate the potential contribution of public health surveillance systems to the health of children and workers in out-of-home child-care settings, we review existing public health surveillance practice in the United States. We identify issues that are of particular concern for surveillance in child-care settings. We propose a framework for developing public health surveillance systems that uses sentinel child-care sites, notifiable disease surveillance, modification of existing surveillance systems, and population surveys.
Successful surveillance in these settings depends on the active participation of child-care providers, public health practitioners, and clinicians in (a) the selection of high priority diseases and injuries for surveillance; (b) the development of practical case definitions; (c) the augmentation of current surveillance systems to include disease and injury related to child care; and (d) the implementation, assessment, dissemination, and evaluation of new approaches for surveillance in child-care settings.
C1 CDC,DIV SURVIELLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
RP STROUP, DF (reprint author), CDC,EPO,MS C08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA.
NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 2
BP 119
EP 124
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR458
UT WOS:A1995QR45800003
PM 7630987
ER
PT J
AU HOLTGRAVE, DR
QUALLS, NL
CURRAN, JW
VALDISERRI, RO
GUINAN, ME
PARRA, WC
AF HOLTGRAVE, DR
QUALLS, NL
CURRAN, JW
VALDISERRI, RO
GUINAN, ME
PARRA, WC
TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF HIV PREVENTION
PROGRAMS
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Review
ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; AIDS
EDUCATION; METHADONE PATIENTS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; ADOLESCENTS; REDUCTION;
MEN; INFECTION
AB Because of the enormity of the HIV-AIDS epidemic and the urgency for preventing transmission, HIV prevention programs are a high priority for careful and timely evaluations. Information on program effectiveness and efficiency is needed for decision-making about future HIV prevention priorities.
General characteristics of successful HIV prevention programs, programs empirically evaluated and found to change (or not change) high-risk behaviors or in need of further empirical study, and economic evaluations of certain programs are described and summarized with attention limited to programs that have a behavioral basis.
HIV prevention programs have an impact on averting or reducing risk behaviors, particularly when they are delivered with sufficient resources, intensity, and cultural competency and are based on a firm foundation of behavioral and social science theory and past research. Economic evaluations have found that some of these behaviorally based programs yield net economic benefits to society, and others are likely cost-effective (even if not cost-saving) relative to other health programs. Still, specific improvements should be made in certain HIV prevention programs.
C1 CDC,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA.
NR 118
TC 110
Z9 110
U1 2
U2 4
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 2
BP 134
EP 146
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR458
UT WOS:A1995QR45800005
PM 7630989
ER
PT J
AU CALLIFDALEY, FA
HUETHER, CA
EDMONDS, LD
AF CALLIFDALEY, FA
HUETHER, CA
EDMONDS, LD
TI EVALUATING FALSE POSITIVES IN 2 HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DATA SETS OF THE
BIRTH-DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS
AB The principal goal in this study was to quantify false positives in the hospital discharge data of the Birth Defects Monitoring Program conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The two hospital data processing agencies which contribute data to the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities and the McDonnell Douglas Health Information Systems, had respective levels of false positives of 13.2 percent and 8.5 percent, levels which were statistically different from each other. These false positive levels should be considered minimal because these data bases do not include information on sick babies who may be transferred into or out of member hospitals, and who may have their initial diagnoses significantly modified.
Potential correlates of false positives were evaluated, including hospital size, diagnostic certainty, race, sex, and insurance source. Two-thirds of all false positives were due to the miscoding of correctly diagnosed anomalies, and another quarter were clearly contradicted in notes easily available before the patients were discharged. The authors hope that this study of false positives will enhance the interpretation of the Birth Defects Monitoring Program data and lead to improved understanding of data collection and processing.
C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA.
RP CALLIFDALEY, FA (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT BIOL SCI,ML006,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA.
NR 11
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 2
BP 154
EP 160
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR458
UT WOS:A1995QR45800007
PM 7630991
ER
PT J
AU MORSE, SA
AF MORSE, SA
TI THE HOT ZONE - PRESTON,R
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Book Review
RP MORSE, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 110
IS 2
BP 223
EP 225
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA QR458
UT WOS:A1995QR45800018
ER
PT J
AU CHUTIVONGSE, S
KOZUHNOVAK, M
ANNUS, J
WARD, ME
ROBERTSON, JN
CATES, W
ROWE, PJ
FARLEY, TMM
AF CHUTIVONGSE, S
KOZUHNOVAK, M
ANNUS, J
WARD, ME
ROBERTSON, JN
CATES, W
ROWE, PJ
FARLEY, TMM
TI TUBAL INFERTILITY - SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIP TO PAST CHLAMYDIAL AND
GONOCOCCAL-INFECTION
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS;
TRACHOMATIS; WOMEN; ANTIBODIES; SALPINGITIS; OBSTRUCTION; PREVALENCE;
PREGNANCY
AB Background and Objectives: Sparse data exist for quantifying the association between Chlamydia trachomatis infection, salpingitis, and tubal infertility.
Goal of This Study: To investigate the impact of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in tubal infertility.
Study Design: This was a multicenter case-control study that compared women who have bilateral tubal occlusion with other infertile women and age-matched pregnant control subjects. Reproductive and sexual history were recorded, and immunoglobulin G antibodies to C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were measured.
Results: Women with past chlamydial or gonococcal infections or both were significantly more likely to have bilateral tubal occlusion. The majority of women with bilateral tubal occlusion reported no history of pelvic inflammatory disease symptoms. Other infertile women had a prevalence of C. trachomatis antibodies (60%), which was similar to that of patients with bilateral tubal occlusion (71%).
Conclusion: Sexually transmitted infections, especially C. trachomatis, are associated with tubal infertility. Because they usually cause no symptoms, public health efforts to prevent tubal infertility should focus on identifying infections in the lower genital tract before they ascend.
C1 WHO,SPECIAL PROGRAMME RES DEV & RES TRAINING HUMAN RE,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND.
CHULALONGKORN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND.
UNIV LJUBLJANA,MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,LJUBLJANA 61000,SLOVENIA.
UNIV SZEGED,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,SZEGED,HUNGARY.
SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 4XY,HANTS,ENGLAND.
CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333.
NR 47
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAR-APR
PY 1995
VL 22
IS 2
BP 71
EP 77
PG 7
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA QN753
UT WOS:A1995QN75300001
ER
PT J
AU GILLUM, RF
AF GILLUM, RF
TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE IN NATIVE-AMERICANS
SO STROKE
LA English
DT Review
DE CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN; RACIAL DIFFERENCES;
RISK FACTORS
ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INDIANS; HEALTH
AB Background and Purpose Because of the paucity of published information, this report seeks to better characterize the pattern of stroke occurrence and risk factors among Native Americans in the United States.
Methods Data from the US Vital Statistics System and two National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed.
Results Stroke was a leading cause of death among US Native Americans in 1990. In persons aged 45 and over, stroke was the cause of 6% of deaths in Native Americans and 7% of deaths in whites. The percentage of stroke deaths due to hemorrhagic stroke was higher in Native Americans than whites. In 1988 through 1990, stroke death rates were similar in Native Americans and whites under age 65 but lower in Native Americans at ages 65 years and over. High prevalence of diabetes, smoking, and obesity may contribute to stroke mortality in Native Americans.
Conclusions Targeted research, innovative analyses of existing data, and use of ongoing surveys and the Census should be considered in the study of the epidemiology of stroke, other leading causes of death, and risk factors in Native Americans. Continued hypertension detection and treatment efforts are needed for Native Americans as for other groups. Smoking cessation and prevention should receive high priority in Native American populations.
RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA.
NR 39
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER HEART ASSOC
PI DALLAS
PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596
SN 0039-2499
J9 STROKE
JI Stroke
PD MAR
PY 1995
VL 26
IS 3
BP 514
EP 521
PG 8
WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA QK056
UT WOS:A1995QK05600035
PM 7886735
ER
EF