FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Gubler, DJ AF Gubler, DJ BE Greenwood, B DeCock, K TI Population growth, urbanization, automobiles and aeroplanes: the dengue connection SO NEW & RESURGENT INFECTIONS: PREDICTION, DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMORROW'S EPIDEMICS SE LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE - ANNUAL PUBLIC HEALTH FORM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT London-School-of-Hygiene-and-Tropical-Medicine 7th Annual Public Health Forum CY 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP London Sch Hyg & Trop Med ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; HEALTH PROBLEM; VIRUSES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Gubler, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-98174-5 J9 LSHTM PUBL HEAL FOR PY 1998 BP 117 EP 129 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine GA BN33V UT WOS:000081660800010 ER PT B AU Berkelman, RL AF Berkelman, RL BE Greenwood, B DeCock, K TI The public health response to emerging infectious diseases: are current approaches adequate? SO NEW & RESURGENT INFECTIONS: PREDICTION, DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF TOMORROW'S EPIDEMICS SE LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE & TROPICAL MEDICINE - ANNUAL PUBLIC HEALTH FORM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT London-School-of-Hygiene-and-Tropical-Medicine 7th Annual Public Health Forum CY 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP London Sch Hyg & Trop Med ID UNITED-STATES; MORBILLIVIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berkelman, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 0-471-98174-5 J9 LSHTM PUBL HEAL FOR PY 1998 BP 183 EP 197 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Tropical Medicine GA BN33V UT WOS:000081660800017 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Whitney, CG Schuchat, A AF O'Brien, KL Whitney, CG Schuchat, A TI The pediatric costs of strategies for minimizing the risk of early-onset group B streptococcal disease SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 91 IS 1 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YP061 UT WOS:000071237300032 PM 9464742 ER PT B AU Stout, N AF Stout, N BE Feyer, AM Williamson, A TI Analysis of narrative text fields in occupational injury data SO OCCUPATIONAL INJURY: RISK, PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Injury Prevention and Control CY FEB 21, 1996 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Stout, N (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 0-7484-0646-8 PY 1998 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA BM86H UT WOS:000079957300004 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Wahner, HW Dunn, WL Calvo, MS Harris, TB Heyse, SP Johnston, CC Lindsay, R AF Looker, AC Wahner, HW Dunn, WL Calvo, MS Harris, TB Heyse, SP Johnston, CC Lindsay, R TI Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone mineral density; proximal femur ID HIP FRACTURE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NHANES-III; DENSITY; OLDER; RISK; OSTEOPOROSIS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; SYMMETRY AB This paper describes data on bone mineral levels in the proximal femur of US adults based on the nationally representative sample examined during both phases of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988-94), and updates data previously presented from phase I only. The data were collected from 14646 men and women aged 20 years and older using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and included bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and area of bone scanned in four selected regions of interest (ROI) in the proximal femur: femur neck, trochanter, intertrochanter and total. These variables are provided separately by age and sex for non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) and Mexican Americans (MA). NHW in the southern United States had slightly lower BMD levels than NHW in other US regions, but these differences were not sufficiently large to prevent pooling of the data. The updated data provide valuable reference data on femur bone mineral levels of noninstitutionalized adults. The updated data on BMD for the total femur ROI of NHW have been selected as the reference database for femur standardization efforts by the International Committee on Standards in Bone Measurements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAMSD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA. Helen Hayes Hosp, Reg Bone Ctr, W Haverstraw, NY USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Room 900,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 28 TC 660 Z9 673 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 5 BP 468 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s001980050093 PG 22 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 186AF UT WOS:000079703600013 PM 9850356 ER PT J AU Kodet, R Nohynkova, E Tichy, M Soukup, J Visvesvara, GS AF Kodet, R Nohynkova, E Tichy, M Soukup, J Visvesvara, GS TI Amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Czech child: Description of the first case from Europe SO PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE amebic encephalitis; Balamuthia mandrillaris; childhood; free living amebae; indirect immunofluorescence ID LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AGENT; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AIDS AB We describe a fatal case of amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a 3-year-old Czech boy who had never traveled abroad. This is the first such infection reported in Europe. The diagnosis was established by brain biopsy, in which abundant trophozoites and a few round amebic cysts were identified. The presence of multiple nucleoli in some trophozoites suggested the organism to be Balamuthia mandrillaris and this was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. The amebae invaded brain tissue, including neurons, and blood vessel walls, causing thrombovasculitis. The tissue reaction was a subacute necrotizing and granulomatous encephalitis (GAE) with an infiltrate of CD4- and CD8-positive T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. The child, in whom no underlying immunodeficiency was demonstrated, died after 45 days. The mode of infection was not established. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed massive areas of necrosis and microscopic findings like those in the surgical specimen. In vitro, isolation of B. mandrillaris was unsuccessful. C1 Charles Univ, Sch Med 1, Dept Trop Med, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Sch Med 2, Dept Pathol Anat, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Sch Med 2, Dept Pediat Neurosurg, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nohynkova, E (reprint author), Charles Univ, Sch Med 1, Dept Trop Med, Studnickova 7, Prague 12800 2, Czech Republic. RI Nohynkova, Eva/E-4508-2017 OI Nohynkova, Eva/0000-0002-1420-988X NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0344-0338 J9 PATHOL RES PRACT JI Pathol. Res. Pract. PY 1998 VL 194 IS 6 BP 423 EP 429 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA ZZ550 UT WOS:000074741400007 PM 9689651 ER PT J AU Guris, D Auerbach, SB Vitek, C Maes, E Mccready, J Durand, M Cruz, K Iohp, L Haddock, R Rota, J Heath, J Redd, SC AF Guris, D Auerbach, SB Vitek, C Maes, E Mccready, J Durand, M Cruz, K Iohp, L Haddock, R Rota, J Heath, J Redd, SC TI Measles outbreaks in Micronesia, 1991 to 1994 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE measles; measles vaccine; measles outbreaks; mass vaccination campaigns; Micronesia ID VITAMIN-A LEVELS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRUS; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY; IMMUNITY; VACCINE; TRIAL AB Background. Several islands in Micronesia experienced large measles outbreaks, during 1991 through 1994, Except for Guam, none of the islands had reported measles outbreaks during the previous 20 years, Methods. To characterize the outbreaks, measles surveillance data, hospital records and death certificates were reviewed. Preoutbreak vaccination coverage rates were assessed by reviewing public health vaccination records. Viral isolates were genetically sequenced to determine the source of transmission, Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of outbreak control measures. Results. Between 1991 and 1994 more than 1300 measles cases and 16 measles-related deaths were reported in Micronesia. Preoutbreak vaccination coverage rates among 2-year-old children were 55 to 94%, Genetic sequencing of the viral isolates and epidemiologic investigations suggested transmission between islands and new importations from outside of Micronesia. The highest attack rates were among children ages <5 years (20/1000) and 10 to 19 years (38/1000), Compared with attack rates among children ages <1 and 10 to 19 years, attack rates were lower among those ages 5 to 9 years, in whom a-dose vaccination coverage rates were highest (P < 0.001), Early and rapid implementation of mass vaccination campaigns was significantly associated with shorter duration of outbreaks (P = 0.049). Conclusion. The measles outbreaks in Micronesia show that island populations may be highly susceptible to measles, High two-dose vaccination coverage levels must be maintained to prevent such outbreaks. Early and rapidly implemented mass measles vaccination campaigns were effective in control of island outbreaks. Strengthening public health infrastructure and surveillance is necessary for early identification of outbreaks and rapid implementation of mass campaigns. C1 Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, New York, NY USA. RP Guris, D (reprint author), Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 17 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YT537 UT WOS:000071617000007 PM 9469392 ER PT J AU Selby, DM Chandra, RS Rakusan, TA Loechelt, B Markle, BM Visvesvara, GS AF Selby, DM Chandra, RS Rakusan, TA Loechelt, B Markle, BM Visvesvara, GS TI Amebic osteomyelitis in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report SO PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ameba; bone diseases; child ID DISSEMINATED ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION; AIDS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; PATIENT AB Disseminated Acanthamoeba infection has been described In immunocompromised or debilitated patients The usual sites of involvement Involvement are skin, sinus, and brain. Sporadic reports of Acanthamoeba infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are present in recent literature, predominantly in adults, and one case involving an 8-yeau-old child. We describe a case of amebic osteomyelitis, seen in a 6-year-old child with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus and a 6-month history of cutaneous Acanthamoeba infection. C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Special Immunol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Selby, DM (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Room 1620,111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM dselby@cnmc.org NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-1042 J9 PEDIATR PATHOL LAB M JI Pediatr. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1080/107710498174254 PG 7 WC Pathology; Pediatrics SC Pathology; Pediatrics GA ZF526 UT WOS:000072906300009 PM 9566286 ER PT J AU Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Hall, CB Schwartz, B Breiman, R Hardegree, MC Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Orenstein, WA Rabinovich, NR AF Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Hall, CB Schwartz, B Breiman, R Hardegree, MC Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Orenstein, WA Rabinovich, NR TI Age for routine administration of the second dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL POPULATION; ANTIBODY; REVACCINATION; OUTBREAK; FAILURE; PERSISTENCE; IMMUNITY; SERUM AB The purpose of this statement is to inform physicians of a modification in the recommendation of the appropriate age for routine administration of the second dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The implementation of the two-dose measles vaccine schedule has improved the control of measles, but some outbreaks continue to occur in school children, although greater than or equal to 95% of children in school have received cine dose of vaccine. Because most measles vaccine failures are attributable to failure to respond to the first dose, that all children receive two doses of measles-containing vaccine is essential for the control of measles. Routine administration of the second dose of MMR vaccine at school entry (4 to 6 years of age) will help prevent school-based outbreaks. Physicians should continue to review the records of all children 11 to 12 years of age to be certain that they have received two doses of MMR vaccine after their first birthday. Documenting that all school children have received two doses of measles-containing vaccine by the year 2001 will help ensure the elimination of measles in the United States and contribute to the global effort to control and possibly eradicate measles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NIAID, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400037 ER PT J AU Bays, JA Alexander, RC Block, RW Johnson, CF Kairys, S Kanda, MB Wagner, KD Goldman, LS Shelley, GA Jenny, C McHugh, MT AF Bays, JA Alexander, RC Block, RW Johnson, CF Kairys, S Kanda, MB Wagner, KD Goldman, LS Shelley, GA Jenny, C McHugh, MT TI Gonorrhea in prepubertal children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CULTURE AB This statement updates a 1983 statement on this topic and reminds physicians that sexual abuse should be strongly considered when a gonorrheal infection is diagnosed in a child after the newborn period and before the onset of puberty. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 134 EP 135 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400038 ER PT J AU Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Hall, CB Schwartz, B Breiman, R Hardegree, MC Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Orenstein, WA Rabinovich, NR AF Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Hall, CB Schwartz, B Breiman, R Hardegree, MC Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Orenstein, WA Rabinovich, NR TI Severe invasive group A streptococcal infections: A subject review SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TOXIC-SHOCK SYNDROME; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; PHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; VARICELLA; CHILDREN; DISEASE; THERAPY; PATHOGENESIS; CLINDAMYCIN AB The course of severe invasive group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections is often precipitous, requiring prompt diagnosis and rapid initiation of appropriate therapy. Therefore, physicians must have a high index of suspicion of this disease, particularly in patients at increased risk (eg, those with varicella or diabetes mellitus). Although a relationship between the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and severe invasive GABHS infections has been suggested, at present data on which to base a clinical derision about the use or restriction of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in children with varicella are insufficient. When necrotizing fasciitis is suspected, prompt surgical drainage, debridement, fasciotomy, or amputation often is necessary. Many experts recommend intravenously administered penicillin G and clindamycin for the treatment of invasive GABHS infections on the basis of animal studies. Some evidence exists that intravenous immunoglobulin given in addition to appropriate antimicrobial and surgical therapy may be beneficial. Although chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of persons with invasive GABHS infections has been considered by some experts, the limited available data indicate that the risk of secondary cases is low (2.9 per 1000) and data about the effectiveness of any drug are insufficient to make recommendations. Because of the low risk of secondary cases of invasive GABHS infections in schools or child care facilities, chemoprophylaxis is not indicated in these settings. Routine immunization of all healthy children against varicella is recommended and is an effective means to decrease the risk of invasive GABHS infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NIAID, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400039 ER PT J AU Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Prober, CG Weiner, LB Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Pickering, LK Baker, CJ Hirsch, A Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Schwartz, B Livengood, JR Hardegree, MC Rabinovich, NR Breiman, RF AF Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Prober, CG Weiner, LB Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Pickering, LK Baker, CJ Hirsch, A Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Schwartz, B Livengood, JR Hardegree, MC Rabinovich, NR Breiman, RF TI Recommended childhood immunization schedule - United States, January-December 1998 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID B VACCINES; INTERCHANGEABILITY; INFANTS C1 AAP, Council Pediat Practice, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400042 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Schwartz, B AF Dowell, SF Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Schwartz, B TI Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents for pediatric upper respiratory tract infections SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; resistance; antimicrobial use; upper respiratory infection; otitis media; pediatrics; sinusitis ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; DAY-CARE-CENTER; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; PENICILLIN; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; BACTERIA AB This article introduces a set of principles to define judicious antimicrobial use for five conditions that account for the majority of outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in recent yeats, approximately three fourths of all outpatient antibiotics have been prescribed for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection.(1) Antimicrobial drug use rates are highest for children(1); therefore, the pediatric age group represents the focus for the present guidelines. The evidence-based principles presented here are focused on situations in which antimicrobial therapy could be curtailed without compromising patient care. They are not formulated as comprehensive management strategies. For most upper respiratory infections that require antimicrobial treatment, there are several appropriate oral agents from which to choose. Although the general principles of selecting narrow-spectrum agents with the fewest side effects and lowest cost are important, the principles that follow include few specific antibiotic selection recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. NW Family Med, Seattle, WA USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 35 TC 181 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 SU S BP 163 EP 165 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP943 UT WOS:000071331600001 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Schwartz, B AF Dowell, SF Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Schwartz, B TI Otitis media - Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial use; otitis media; upper respiratory infection; antimicrobial therapy; pediatrics; acute otitis media; otitis media with effusion; prophylaxis ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSION; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; NATURAL-HISTORY; CHILDREN; PROPHYLAXIS; THERAPY; AMOXICILLIN; PREVENTION AB Otitis media is the leading indication for outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Overdiagnosis of and unnecessary prescribing for this condition has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. A critical step in reducing unnecessary prescribing is to identify the subset of patients who are unlikely to benefit from antibiotics. Conscientiously distinguishing acute otitis media (AOM) from otitis media with effusion (OME), and deferring antibiotics for OME will accomplish this goal, and will avoid up to 8 million unnecessary courses of antibiotics annually. Criteria for defining these conditions are presented, as well as the evidence supporting deferring antibiotic treatment. Discussions of shortened courses of antibiotics for AOM and restricted indications for antimicrobial prophylaxis are also presented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. NW Family Med, Seattle, WA USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 76 TC 190 Z9 199 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 SU S BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP943 UT WOS:000071331600002 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Dowell, SF AF Schwartz, B Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Dowell, SF TI Pharyngitis - Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE group A Streptococcus; pharyngitis; diagnosis; antimicrobial therapy ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; THROAT CULTURE; OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY; RAPID DETECTION; PENICILLIN-V; STREP-A; THERAPY; DIAGNOSIS; ERYTHROMYCIN; RESISTANCE AB Accurate diagnosis of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are important, particularly to prevent nonsuppurative sequelae such as rheumatic fever. Most episodes of sore throat, however, are caused by viral agents. Clinical findings cannot reliably differentiate streptococcal from viral pharyngitis and most physicians tend to overestimate the probability of a streptococcal infection based on history and physical examination alone. Therefore, diagnosis should be based on results of a throat culture or an antigen-detection test with throat culture backup. Presumptively starting therapy pending results of a culture is discouraged because treatment often continues despite a negative test result. Other bacterial causes of pharyngitis are uncommon and often can be diagnosed based on nonpharyngeal findings. Penicillin remains the drug of choice for streptococcal pharyngitis because of its effectiveness, relatively narrow spectrum, and low cost. No group A streptococci are resistant to p-lactam antibiotics. High rates of resistance to macrolides has been documented in several areas; in Finland, decreased national rates of macrolide use led to a decline in the proportion of macrolide-resistant group A streptococci. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. NW Family Med, Seattle, WA USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 35 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 SU S BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP943 UT WOS:000071331600003 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA AF O'Brien, KL Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA TI Acute sinusitis - Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sinusitis; diagnosis; antimicrobial therapy; mucopurulent rhinitis; antimicrobial resistance; pediatrics ID ACUTE MAXILLARY SINUSITIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; AMOXICILLIN; INFECTIONS; ABNORMALITIES; RADIOGRAPHS AB Establishing an accurate diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis is challenging but critical, because viral rhinosinusitis is at least 20 to 200 times more common than bacterial infection of the sinuses. Strict criteria for clinical diagnosis that require either prolonged and persistent symptoms or an acute severe presentation are supported with published evidence. Radiographic imaging of the sinuses should be used only in very selected circumstances. A majority of patients with the common cold will meet radiographic criteria for sinusitis early in the course of their illness. For patients meeting these strict criteria, an appropriate narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent will be of modest benefit compared with symptomatic treatment alone. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. NW Family Med, Seattle, WA USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 33 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 SU S BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP943 UT WOS:000071331600004 ER PT J AU O'Brien, KL Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA AF O'Brien, KL Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Marcy, SM Phillips, WR Gerber, MA TI Cough illness bronchitis - Principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE bronchitis; cough; diagnosis; antimicrobial therapy; antimicrobial resistance; pediatrics ID MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHILDREN; INFECTION; DISEASE; NASOPHARYNGEAL; MANIFESTATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERYTHROMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE AB Millions of courses of antibiotics are prescribed for children with acute cough illness each year, despite evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled trials that such treatment is not effective. Evidence that children with cough for less than or equal to 10 days should not be treated with antimicrobial agents is presented. Older children with prolonged cough or those with underlying lung disease may benefit from antimicrobial treatment directed specifically at B pertussis, M pneumoniae, C pneumoniae, P aeruginosa, or other specific infections. None of the routinely prescribed cephalosporin or amino penicillin antimicrobials would be effective for these organisms. Noninfectious diagnosis should be sought in children with markedly prolonged cough. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, BDMD, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. NW Family Med, Seattle, WA USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, BDMD, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 43 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 SU S BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP943 UT WOS:000071331600005 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, N Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Marcy, SM Schwartz, B Dowell, SF AF Rosenstein, N Phillips, WR Gerber, MA Marcy, SM Schwartz, B Dowell, SF TI The common cold-principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE common cold; upper respiratory tract infection; mucopurulent rhinitis; diagnosis; antimicrobial therapy ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; CHILDREN; PREVENTION; NASOPHARYNGEAL; BACTERIOLOGY; AMOXICILLIN; INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY; SINUSITIS AB Most children will suffer between 3 and 8 colds per year, and over half of patients seen for the common cold are given an antimicrobial prescription. Unnecessary antimicrobial therapy can be avoided by recognizing the signs and symptoms that are part of the usual course of these diseases. Controlled trials of antimicrobial treatment of the common cold are reviewed. These trials consistently fail to show that treatment changes the course or outcome. Furthermore, antimicrobial therapy for patients with viral rhinosinusitis is not an effective way to prevent bacterial complications. Mucopurulent rhinitis (thick, opaque, or discolored nasal discharge) frequently accompanies the common cold and is part of the natural course of viral rhinosinusitis. It is not an indication for antimicrobial treatment unless it persists without improvement for >10 to 14 days. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA USA. Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr, Hartford, CT USA. NE Family Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 37 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 SU S BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP943 UT WOS:000071331600006 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Scanlon, KS Grummer-Strawn, M Freedman, DS Yip, R Trowbridge, FL AF Mei, ZG Scanlon, KS Grummer-Strawn, M Freedman, DS Yip, R Trowbridge, FL TI Increasing prevalence of overweight among US low-income preschool children: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance, 1983 to 1995 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE overweight; obesity; prevalence; preschool children; weight-for-height ID INTERNATIONAL GROWTH REFERENCE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; BODY-MASS; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; PERCENTILES AB Objective. To determine whether the prevalence of overweight in preschool children has increased among the US low-income population. Design. Analysis using weight-for-height percentiles of surveillance data adjusted for age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Setting. Data from 18 states and the District of Columbia were examined.(a) Subjects. Low-income children <5 years of age who were included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System. Results. The prevalence of overweight increased from 18.6% in 1983 to 21.6% in 1995 based on the 85th percentile cutoff point for weight-for-height, and from 8.5% to 10.2% for the same period based on the 95th percentile cutoff point. Analyses by single age, sex, and race or ethnic group (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic) all showed increases in the prevalence of overweight, although changes are greatest for older preschool children. Conclusion. Overweight is an increasing public health problem among preschool children in the US low-income population. Additional research is needed to explore the cause of the trend observed and to find effective strategies for overweight prevention beginning in the preschool years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. UNICEF, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 1 AR e12 DI 10.1542/peds.101.1.e12 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YP941 UT WOS:000071331400028 PM 9417176 ER PT J AU Sena, LP Vanderjagt, DJ Rivera, C Tsin, ATC Muhamadu, I Mahamadou, O Millson, M Pastuszyn, A Glew, RH AF Sena, LP Vanderjagt, DJ Rivera, C Tsin, ATC Muhamadu, I Mahamadou, O Millson, M Pastuszyn, A Glew, RH TI Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acids; essential fatty acids; famine foods; trace minerals; vitamin E; carotenoids; western Sahel ID BURKINA-FASO; WEST-AFRICA AB In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridis, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and a-linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and alpha-linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and beta-carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron Niger, Niamey, Niger. United Nations Childrens Fund, Niamey, Niger. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 17 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PY 1998 VL 52 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1023/A:1008010009170 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 144PG UT WOS:000077322500003 PM 9839831 ER PT J AU Yusuf, HR Giles, WH Croft, JB Anda, RF Casper, ML AF Yusuf, HR Giles, WH Croft, JB Anda, RF Casper, ML TI Impact of multiple risk factor profiles on determining cardiovascular disease risk SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; coronary heart disease; epidemiology; morbidity; mortality; risk factors; stroke ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Background We examined the association between clustering of risk factors and the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Methods. Data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study (N = 12,932) were used to estimate the relative risk for coronary heart disease (N = 2,255), stroke (N = 929), and death from any cause (N = 4,506) by the number of cardiovascular disease risk factors present. Risk factors included current smoking, overweight, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Results. The proportions of respondents with 0, 1, 2, 3, or greater than or equal to 4 risk factors were 25.0, 32.8, 27.8, 12.3, and 2.1%, respectively. Relative risks for coronary heart disease associated with having 1, 2, 3, and greater than or equal to 4 risk factors were 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 1.9), 2.2 (95% CI 1.9, 2.6), 3.1 (95% CI 2.6, 3.6), and 5.0 (95% CI 3.9, 6.3), respectively. Relative risks for stroke associated with the same risk levels were 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.8), 1.9 (95% CI 1.5, 2.4), 2.3 (95% CI 1.7, 3.0), and 4.3 (95% CI 3.0, 6.3), respectively. Similar results were observed for all-cause mortality. Conclusions. Risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality increased substantially with each additional risk factor. This supports the continued need for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease risk factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yusuf, HR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-52,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 118 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1006/pmed.1997.0268 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA YW027 UT WOS:000071888300001 PM 9465349 ER PT J AU Wismer, BA Moskowitz, JM Chen, AM Kang, SH Novotny, TE Min, K Lew, R Tager, IB AF Wismer, BA Moskowitz, JM Chen, AM Kang, SH Novotny, TE Min, K Lew, R Tager, IB TI Mammography and clinical breast examination among Korean American women in two California counties SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mammography, utilization; breast neoplasms, prevention and control; Asian American; logistic models; California AB Background Mammography and clinical breast examination (CBF) are underutilized, especially by women from some racial/ethnic minorities. Few published studies of screening practices or correlates for these subgroups exist. Methods. A population-based telephone survey of 1,090 Korean Americans living in two California counties was conducted. To produce population estimates of mammography and CBE testing, we adjusted frequencies to account for different selection probabilities. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent correlates of testing. Results. Only 34% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 30%, 39%] of Korean American women age 50 and older were estimated to have had a mammogram in the past 2 years. Only 32% (95% CI 28%, 37%) had had a CBE in the past 2 years. The strongest independent correlate of testing was having a regular medical checkup [odds ratio (OR) for mammogram = 9.21, 95% CI 3.98, 21.35; OR for CBE = 11.58, 95% CI 4.71, 28.46]. Conclusions. These estimates are lower than the Healthy People 2000 objectives as well as published estimates for other populations in the United States. Planning and implementing tailored programs to improve screening are best done using a community-sensitive approach, which, because racial/ethnic subgroups are growing, will assume increasing public health importance. C1 Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Asian Hlth Serv, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. Alamenda Cty Hlth Care Serv Agcy, Dept Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. Assoc Asian Community Hlth Org, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wismer, BA (reprint author), Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU909706] NR 26 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1006/pmed.1997.0259 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA YW027 UT WOS:000071888300018 PM 9465365 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Robinson, LE Sadek, R Madden, A Miranda, ME Miranda, NL AF Childs, JE Robinson, LE Sadek, R Madden, A Miranda, ME Miranda, NL TI Density estimates of rural dog populations and an assessment of marking methods during a rabies vaccination campaign in the Philippines SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dog; rabies virus vaccination; population estimation; sampling; Mark-recapture; Philippines ID IMMUNIZATION; TUNISIA AB We estimated the population density of dogs by distance sampling and assessed the potential utility of two marking methods for capture-mark-recapture applications following a mass canine rabies-vaccination campaign in Sorsogon Province, the Republic of the Philippines. Thirty villages selected to assess vaccine coverage and for dog surveys were visited 1 to 11 days after the vaccinating team. Measurements of the distance of dogs or groups of dogs from transect lines were obtained in 1088 instances (N = 1278 dogs; mean group size = 1.2). Various functions modelling the probability of detection were fitted to a truncated distribution of distances of dogs from transect lines. A hazard rate model provided the best fit and an overall estimate of dog-population density of 468/km(2) (95% confidence interval, 359 to 611). At vaccination, most dogs were marked with either a paint stick or a black plastic collar. Overall, 34.8% of 2167 and 28.5% of 2115 dogs could be accurately identified as wearing a collar or showing a paint mark; 49.1% of the dogs had either mark. Increasing time interval between vaccination-team visit and dog survey and increasing distance from transect line were inversely associated with the probability of observing a paint mark. Probability of observing a collar was positively associated with increasing estimated density of the dog population in a given village and with animals not associated with a house. The data indicate that distance sampling is a relatively simple and adaptable method for estimating dog-population density and is not prone to problems associated with meeting some model assumptions inherent to mark-recapture estimators. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Coll Vet Med, Davis, CA USA. Dept Hlth, Res Inst Trop Med, Manila, Philippines. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-G13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1-4 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(97)00039-1 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YV510 UT WOS:000071832300016 PM 9500175 ER PT B AU Fehd, R AF Fehd, R GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI DEMOXRPT: macros for writing Exception Reports: perform range and logic checks on a data set; write file of exceptions to edit and use for updates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual SAS-Users-Group International Conference (SUGI 23) CY MAR 22-25, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SAS Users Grp AB Data review can be viewed as a two-step process: 1. Compare: review differences between two data sets. 2. Exception Report: review data consistency with range and logic checks. A data set may be updated with a file containing sets of these three statements - ID, assignment and closure: * if ID = 1 then do; * = ; * end; This paper reviews common problems in writing exception reports for range and logic checking. The product is a file which contains update commands in an easily editable form. Summary information is written at the end of the update file. The output file is in this form: if ID = 1 then do; * error: Var_A gt 24; * VAR_A = 28; end; The message indicates why the value has been printed. C1 Ctr Dis Control, PHPPO, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fehd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, PHPPO, DLS, MS-G25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-58025-149-8 PY 1998 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN07X UT WOS:000080606400007 ER PT B AU Wan, PCT AF Wan, PCT GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI Automatic referencing SAS (R) macro variables using array processing, CALL SYMPUT routine and DO loops SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual SAS-Users-Group International Conference (SUGI 23) CY MAR 22-25, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SAS Users Grp AB This paper illustrates how one can use the combination of array processing, SAS(R) macro facility, CALL SYMPUT routine, and iterative DO loops to automatically assign titles and labels to address corresponding variables in the frequency tables. In the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of Diseases (ASD) project at Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention(CDC), there is a need to produce frequency tables for each of the 23 1987-definition AIDS Opportunistic Illnesses (OI). By using the technique described herein, one can set up an array with all 23 AIDS OI names, use SAS macro to set up macro variable for future reference, use CALL SYMPUT routine to assign value to macro variable which can be used later in the title statement and label statement for each AIDS OI name in the frequency table, and use DO Loops to perform this task repetitively for each of the 23 AIDS OI names. This technique can be applied widely to any program which requires users to reference multiple variables repetitively in the title and label statement of the frequency procedure or tabulate procedure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SURV BRANCH, DHAP, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Wan, PCT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, SURV BRANCH, DHAP, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-58025-149-8 PY 1998 BP 433 EP 436 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN07X UT WOS:000080606400072 ER PT B AU Fehd, R AF Fehd, R GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI % COMPARWS: Compare with summary: a macro using proc COMPARE to write a file of differences to edit and use for updates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual SAS-Users-Group International Conference (SUGI 23) CY MAR 22-25, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SAS Users Grp AB Data review can be viewed as a two-step process: 1. Compare: review differences between two data sets. 2. Exception Report: review data consistency with range and logic checks. A data set may be updated with a file containing sets of these three statements - ID, assignment and closure: * if ID = 1 then do; * = ; * end; This paper reviews the proc COMPARE output data set and the manipulation of that data set which is necessary to write a report to a file which contains update statements in an easily editable form. Summary information is written at the end of the update file. The output file is in this form: if ID = 1 then do; * VAR A = 'A4Q3J'; * VAR A = 'A4Q8J'; * dif = '...X.'; end; where 'X' in the value of Dif indicates the position of difference of the values in the Base and Compare data sets. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fehd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-58025-149-8 PY 1998 BP 945 EP 948 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN07X UT WOS:000080606400152 ER PT B AU Handsfield, J AF Handsfield, J GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI CHEKOUT: A SAS (R) program to screen for outliers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual SAS-Users-Group International Conference (SUGI 23) CY MAR 22-25, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SAS Users Grp AB At various times, most researchers are faced with the need to screen for outliers. Many statistical programs will do this with more or less ease. SAS has two PROCs which will calculate several outlier statistics. They can produce a report and output data set which require further manipulation to use. This data manipulation opens the door of opportunity for program errors which might be difficult to detect. The more statisticians can rely on known code, the more comfortable they can be with the outcome. CHEKOUT uses several macros to write the value detected as an outlier and its associated RSTUDENT statistic in the output data set from PROC GLM to a text file, OUTLIER.SAS. Also written to this file is the default option to convert the value to missing, and the file is printed as an outlier screening report. OUTLIER.SAS is easily reviewed with a text editor or in SAS, modified if necessary, and used with an %INCLUDE statement in a subsequent DATA step to remove or convert the outliers in an analysis program. Users of CHEKOUT should have knowledge of multivariable statistics and some experience with SAS macro language. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Handsfield, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G25,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-58025-149-8 PY 1998 BP 1071 EP 1073 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN07X UT WOS:000080606400177 ER PT B AU Ransom, RL Mosley-Hixon, S AF Ransom, RL Mosley-Hixon, S GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI Client server application design strategies for small development teams SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual SAS-Users-Group International Conference (SUGI 23) CY MAR 22-25, 1998 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP SAS Users Grp AB This paper will describe and discuss a real world application development experience. It is meant to provide guidance as well as elicit discussion. As with most development teams, it was much easier to list our resources than the vast needs of our target audience. We will discuss here what our needs were and how our constraints influenced the design and contents of the application. As with any endeavor with the SAS System(R), this is but one of many ways in which we could have proceeded. This paper will attempt to document our options and why we chose the routes we have. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ransom, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div STD Prevent, Mail Stop E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-58025-149-8 PY 1998 BP 1431 EP 1439 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BN07X UT WOS:000080606400233 ER PT J AU Jamner, MS Wolitski, RJ Corby, NH Fishbein, M AF Jamner, MS Wolitski, RJ Corby, NH Fishbein, M TI Using the theory of planned behavior to predict intention to use condoms among female sex workers SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE theory of planned behaviour; condom use; sex workers; health behaviour; HIV prevention ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; REASONED ACTION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK REDUCTION; SELF-DISCLOSURE; AIDS; PARTNERS; WOMEN; CRACK; DETERMINANTS AB This study tested the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for understanding and predicting condom use intentions among female commercial sex workers. Interviews were conducted with 634 sex workers recruited on the street in southern California. The interview assessed sex workers' intentions to have their main (e.g., husbands, steady boyfriends) and paying male partners use condoms, as well as attitudes, perceived subjective and partner norms, and perceived behavioral control relative to condom use with each of these mio partner types. Reported frequency of condom use and strength of intention to use condoms were considerably lower for main than for paying partners. Similarly, condom-use attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, part ner norms, and beliefs were less positive for condom use with main versus paying partners. Compared to sex workers without a main partner, those with a male main partner had significantly stronger intentions to use condoms with paying partners, as well as more positive attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and paying partner norm toward using condoms with paying partners. The TPB accounted for 44% and 47% of the variance in condom use intentions with main and paying partners (p's <0.001), respectively. Attitudes toward condom use and perceived behavioral control over using condoms were positively associated with intention to use condoms with both main and paying partners Ca's < 0.001), partner norms were positively related to intentions to use condoms with main but not paying partners, and subjective norms were not related to condom use with either type of partner. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Behav Res & Serv, Long Beach, CA 90813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Publ Policy Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Jamner, MS (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Behav Res & Serv, 1090 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA 90813 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0887-0446 J9 PSYCHOL HEALTH JI Psychol. Health PY 1998 VL 13 IS 2 BP 187 EP 205 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology GA ZK109 UT WOS:000073285800002 ER PT J AU Tips, NM Falk, H Jackson, RJ AF Tips, NM Falk, H Jackson, RJ TI CDC's lead screening guidance: A systematic approach to more effective screening SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDRENS; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tips, NM (reprint author), MS F-42,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 113 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161RM UT WOS:000078302800020 PM 9475933 ER PT J AU McDonnell, S Vossberg, K Hopkins, RS Mittan, B AF McDonnell, S Vossberg, K Hopkins, RS Mittan, B TI Using YPLL in health planning SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. The measurement of years of potential life lost before age 65 (YPLL) is one of the Health Outcome indicators defined by the state of Florida to measure progress toward Healthy People 2000 objectives, The authors describe the outcomes of their work with county health agencies to encourage use of the YPLL statistic. Methods. Calculations of the 1993 YPLL rates for Florida counties with populations greater than 50,000 and of inter-county variability in YPLL rates were used to train county health agencies in the use of YPLL. Results. Sixty-eight percent of all years of potential life lost in Florida in 1993 were attributed to 10 causes. While the total YPLL rates ranged from 3500 per 100,000 to 7000 per 100,000 across Florida counties, the leading causes differed substantially across counties. The YPLL measure was found to be useful in helping county health agencies plan programs to reduce premature mortality. Conclusions. Federal, state, and county health units can use YPLL rates to help guide activities toward Healthy People 2000 and to help identify new health problems that require forming new community alliances, but staff members must be trained to use the YPLL statistic appropriately. Causes that vary little across counties enable the implementation of statewide prevention approaches while causes that differ greatly by county will require locally designed interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Div Field Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP McDonnell, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, MS K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sem0@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 113 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161RM UT WOS:000078302800022 PM 9885530 ER PT J AU Bauer, U Berg, D Kohn, MA Meriwether, RA Nickle, RA AF Bauer, U Berg, D Kohn, MA Meriwether, RA Nickle, RA TI Acute effects of nitrogen dioxide after accidental release SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiological-Research CY JUN 12-15, 1996 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Epidemiol Res ID PULMONARY-FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; EXPOSURE; INHALATION AB Objectives. Following an accidental release of nitrogen dioxide from a railroad tank car containing nitrous tetroxide, the authors undertook a study of the health effects of the release, measuring the association between acute low level exposure and pulmonary symptoms. Methods. The authors reviewed the records of three emergency department, surveyed 80 emergency department patients, 552 community residents, 21 chemical plant workers, and 29 emergency workers, and conducted a case-control study. Pulmonary case status was defined as having an objective pulmonary finding noted on the emergency department record, reporting that the onset of symptoms was subsequent to the release, and being within the city limits at the time of the release. Self-reported case status was defined as reporting one or more symptoms consistent with exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the week after the release and having been within the city limits at the time of the release. Control subjects were survey respondents who reported no symptoms in the week after the release and had been within the city limits at the time of the release. Chemical exposure was characterized by proximity to, direction from, and being outdoors within one hour after the release. Duration of potential exposure was not measured, Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for symptoms by exposure level, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and preexisting pulmonary conditions. Results. Local emergency department visits increased fivefold in the week after the release. The most common complaints recorded in a systematic sample of 528 visits in the first 30 hours after the release were headache (31%), burning eyes (30%), and sore throat (24%). Objective pulmonary findings were recorded for 41 (5%) patients in the week before and 165 (4%) in the week after the release. The odds of being a pulmonary case increased by 40% for each quarter-mile increment in proximity to the release (odds ratio [OR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1,1.7). while the odds of being a self-reported case increased by 20% for each quarter-mile increment in proximity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1,1.4), People who met the pulmonary case definition were 2.5 times (CI 1.3,4.8) more likely than control subjects to have been outdoors and 6.4 times (CI 3.2,12.6) more likely to report a preexisting pulmonary condition. Self-reported cases were 2.6 times (95% CI 1.8,3.8) more likely than control subjects to have been outdoors and 1.9 times (95% CI 1.1,3.1) more likely to report a preexisting pulmonary condition. Conclusions. Emergency department visits increased fivefold, but serious acute health effects were uncommon, People who mel the pulmonary case definition were six timer more likely to report pulmonary symptoms than those without preexisting conditions, This study was not designed to determine any potential long-term effects of exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Injury Res & Prevent Sect, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Hlth Protect & Promot Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. RP Bauer, U (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Bldg 6,Rm 337,1317 Winewood Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 113 IS 1 BP 62 EP 70 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161RM UT WOS:000078302800023 PM 9475936 ER PT S AU Mahy, BWJ AF Mahy, BWJ BE Brown, F Griffiths, E Horaud, F Petricciani, JC TI Zoonoses and haemorrhagic fever SO SAFETY OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS PREPARED FROM MAMMALIAN CELL CULTURE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WHO Consultation Conference on the Safety of Biological Products Prepared from Mammalian Cell Substrates CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1996 CL ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE SP Marcel-Meriuex Fdn, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat (IABS), WHO DE zoonoses; haemorrhagic fever; bunyavirus; arenavirus; filovirus ID HANTAVIRUS; INFECTION AB Virus zoonoses causing haemorrhagic fever have been recognized in three major families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae and Filoviridae. All are negative-stranded RNA viruses, with genomes in two segments, three segments, or non-segmented, respectively. Acquisition of haemorrhagic fever in man generally requires close contact with a vertebrate vector species, usually rodents, for the arenaviruses and bunyaviruses. In the case of filoviruses, the vector is currently unknown, but these viruses may infect monkeys, and may contaminate cell cultures prepared from them. Both bunyavirus and arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers have arisen in humans following exposure to rodents, and in the case of Hantaan, a virus causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), there have been numerous laboratory-acquired infections among animal care workers. As the technology to differentiate virus species has improved, it has become dear that there are numerous potentially hazardous viruses capable of causing HFRS or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) within the feral rodent population. In many cases it would be desirable to introduce screening methods for such viruses before preparing cell cultures from these rodent or simian species that will be used to prepare biological products for human use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6732-4 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1998 VL 93 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BL51Y UT WOS:000075761500004 PM 9737374 ER PT J AU Morata, TC AF Morata, TC TI Assessing occupational hearing loss: Beyond noise exposures SO SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hearing; noise; chemicals; solvents; combined exposures; interaction; study designs ID OTONEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; SOLVENT EXPOSURE; WORKERS; LEAD; CHEMICALS; STYRENE AB In recent years, findings that exposure to industrial chemicals may affect hearing and interact with noise brought to light a risk that had not been given substantial attention previously. The need for research becomes clear when the magnitude of the population of workers exposed to noise and chemicals and the number of potentially hazardous chemicals found in work environments are taken into consideration. The need for research is this area is further heightened by the fact that there are no guidelines or standards for combined exposures of chemical and physical agents. The present paper reviews the effects of combined exposures to chemicals and noise on hearing and examines study designs, hearing assessment alternatives, and strategies for the analysis of combined effects. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0105-0397 J9 SCAND AUDIOL JI Scand. Audiol. PY 1998 VL 27 SU 48 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA YY631 UT WOS:000072167700012 ER PT J AU Levine, R Zhu, KM Gu, Y Brann, E Hall, I Caplan, L Baum, M AF Levine, R Zhu, KM Gu, Y Brann, E Hall, I Caplan, L Baum, M TI Self-reported infectious mononucleosis and 6 cancers: A population-based, case-control study SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HODGKINS-DISEASE; YORKSHIRE; RISK AB A study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of association between self-reported infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 6 types of cancer, including Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, nasal cancer, primary liver cancer, and sarcoma, Cases were male, aged 15-39 y in 1968, who lived in 8 cancer registry areas. Controls were men selected by random-digit telephone dialing. Cases included 1511 persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 343 with Hodgkin's disease, 386 with sarcoma and 168, 113 and 70 with primary liver, nasopharyngeal and nasal cancers, respectively, There mere 1910 controls. For the 6 cancers combined, the overall odds ratio for 1M occurring < 5 and greater than or equal to 5 y of the reference date mere 5.40 [95%, Confidence Interval (CI)= 1.61, 18.09] and 1.08 (0.84, 1.40), respectively. Analogous values were 4.59 (1.25, 16.85) and 1.07 (0.78, 1.48) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 7.49 (1.52, 36.92) and 1.35 (0.87, 2.09) for Hodgkin's disease. There mas the suggestion of a protective association with IM occurring greater than or equal to 5 y before cancer onset for the 4 non-lymphomatous cancers. Strongly positive associations between self-reported IM and 6 types of cancer were observed for IM occurring < 5 y before the onset of cancer. There was a suggestion, which is noted with extreme caution, that IM earlier in life might have had a protective association with the 4 non-lymphomatous cancers. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levine, R (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 1005 DB Todd Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 1998 VL 30 IS 3 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 125DK UT WOS:000076222000001 PM 9790125 ER PT J AU Blair, A Stewart, PA Zaebst, DD Pottern, L Zey, JN Bloom, TF Miller, B Ward, E Lubin, J AF Blair, A Stewart, PA Zaebst, DD Pottern, L Zey, JN Bloom, TF Miller, B Ward, E Lubin, J TI Mortality of industrial workers exposed to acrylonitrile SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cancer; cohort study; industrial workers; lung cancer; nested case-control study ID CANCER INCIDENCE; LUNG-CANCER; DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; RISKS AB Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure to acrylonitrile and cancer mortality. Materials and methods Workers(18079 white men, 4293 white women, 2191 nonwhite men, and 897 nonwhite women) employed in acrylonitrile production or use in the 1950s through 1983 were followed through 1989 for vital status and cause of death. Exposure-response relationships were evaluated from quantitative estimates of historical exposures. Tobacco use was determined for a sample of workers to assess potential confounding. Mortality rates between the exposed and unexposed workers in the cohort were compared using the Poisson regression. Results Analyses by cumulative, average, peak, intensity, duration, and lagged exposure revealed no elevated risk of cancers of the stomach, brain, breast, prostate or lymphatic and hematopoietic systems. Mortality from lung cancer was elevated for the highest quintile of cumulative exposure. When the decile categories were used, the relative risk did not continue to increase at higher levels. Adjustment for cigarette use reduced the risk for lung cancer only slightly. Separate analyses for wage and salaried workers, long-term and short-term workers, fiber and nonfiber plants, and individual plants revealed no clear exposure-response patterns. Conclusions The results indicate that exposure to acrylonitrile at the levels studied is not associated with an increased relative risk for most cancers of a priori interest. The excess of lung cancer in the highest quintile of cumulative exposure may indicate carcinogenic activity at the highest levels of exposure, but analyses of exposure-response do not provide strong or consistent evidence for a causal association. C1 NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cent Missouri State Univ, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIH, Off Dis Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biostat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Blair, A (reprint author), NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Execut Pl N,Room 418, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1998 VL 24 SU 2 BP 25 EP 41 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106VG UT WOS:000075170700005 PM 9714511 ER PT J AU Stewart, PA Zaebst, D Zey, JN Herrick, R Dosemeci, M Hornung, R Bloom, T Pottern, L Miller, BA Blair, A AF Stewart, PA Zaebst, D Zey, JN Herrick, R Dosemeci, M Hornung, R Bloom, T Pottern, L Miller, BA Blair, A TI Exposure assessment for a study of workers exposed to acrylonitrile SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cancer; occupation AB Procedures used to develop estimates of exposure to acrylonitrile for a cohort study (>25000 workers in 8 monomer, fiber, and resin companies from 1952 to 1953) are presented. Visits to the companies were made, interviews of workers were conducted historical records were made, and measurements were taken. On the basis of similar tasks, locations, other exposures, and a similar distribution of exposures to acrylonitrile, 3600 exposure groups were formed. Special procedures were used to reduce the misclassification of workers performing tasks that varied in lime but that were inadequately reflected in the job title. A software program organized and retained all exposure information on each exposure group. Quantitative estimates of acrylonitrile exposure were developed using a hierarchical approach in a software program that documented the derivation of each estimate and facilitated data review. Two of the estimation methods were evaluated in a comparison with measurement data. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Stewart, PA (reprint author), NCI, EPN 418,6130 Execut Blvd MSC 7364, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1998 VL 24 SU 2 BP 42 EP 53 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106VG UT WOS:000075170700006 PM 9714512 ER PT J AU Hillis, SD Coles, FB Litchfield, B Black, CM Mojica, B Schmitt, K St Louis, ME AF Hillis, SD Coles, FB Litchfield, B Black, CM Mojica, B Schmitt, K St Louis, ME TI Doxycycline and azithromycin for prevention of chlamydial persistence or recurrence one month after treatment in women - A use-effectiveness study in public health settings SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; URETHRITIS; CERVICITIS; THERAPY AB Background: To treat chlamydial infection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends either a single dose of azithromycin or a 7-day course of doxycycline. Cost is a concern with the single-dose regimen; compliance is a concern with the multidose regimen. Goal: To compare the use-effectiveness of azithromycin and doxycycline for preventing persistence or recurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and to evaluate associated risk behaviors. Study Design: One hundred and ninety-six chlamydia-infected women and their sex partners were recruited into a randomized controlled trial of single-dose versus multidose regimens in seven public health clinics, with no incentives for enrollment, compliance, or follow-up. The outcome measure was a positive test for C. trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction testing at 1 month after treatment. Results: C. trachomatis positivity at 1 month was similar for women receiving single-dose (5.1%, 5/98) and multidose therapy (4.1%, 4/98). Reported compliance among 73 women taking multidose therapy was 94.5%. A twofold to threefold increased risk of chlamydial persistence or recurrence nias observed among women who were less than or equal to 24 and white or who reported: a recent new partner, multiple partners, or a partner who may have had multiple partners at the time of enrollment or that not all partners were treated during the 1-month follow-up period after initiation of treatment. Conclusions: The use-effectiveness of single-dose and multidose therapy was comparably high. Observed rates of persistence or recurrence were consistent with reported rates of pharmacological treatment failure. However, all women with C. trachomatis detected at 1 month had behavioral risk factors that may have contributed to reinfection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth K34, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Tampa, FL USA. RP Hillis, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth K34, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1097/00007435-199801000-00002 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YN488 UT WOS:000071173600002 PM 9437777 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Hamers, FF Peterman, TA AF Kilmarx, PH Hamers, FF Peterman, TA TI Living with HIV - Experiences and perspectives of HIV-infected sexually transmitted disease clinic patients after posttest counseling SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTERVENTION; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN AB Objectives: To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected STD clinic patients receive needed services and to determine the social consequences of testing HIV-positive. Study Design: Sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in Baltimore, Miami, and Newark who had first been told about a positive HIV test 6 to 24 months previously were recontacted and interviewed. Results: Out of 416 persons we attempted to contact, we interviewed 142 who had first learned that they were HIV-infected 6 to 24 months previously. Most interviewees mere male (57%), black (82%), and heterosexual and had a low socioeconomic status. Twenty-five percent said they had never received medical care for their HIV infection. Most of those not in care said they were never referred, were "in denial," or did not want medical care. Interviewees had disclosed their status selectively; but "because of HIV," 4% had lost a job, 1% had been asked to move by a landlord, and 1% had been assaulted. Seventy-six percent would recommend that others take an HIV test; 11% would not recommend it. Conclusions: Most patients interviewed were getting medical care and, despite some negative consequences, most would recommend HIV testing to others. To identify and address local barriers to needed services, we suggest that clinic staff routinely recontact consenting HIV-infected patients after posttest counseling. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Disseminat Commun Off, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch,Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Disseminat Commun Off, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch,Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1097/00007435-199801000-00007 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YN488 UT WOS:000071173600007 PM 9437782 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Podschun, GD Fitzgerald, S Hovell, MF Farshy, CE Black, CM Greenspan, JR AF Gunn, RA Podschun, GD Fitzgerald, S Hovell, MF Farshy, CE Black, CM Greenspan, JR TI Screening high-risk adolescent males for Chlamydia trachomatis infection - Obtaining urine specimens in the field SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background and Objectives: Reported case data suggest that few men are being tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection (female:male reported case ratio is >5:1) partially because men seek preventive health services less frequently than women and, until recently, obtaining a CT specimen from men required a urethral swab, which has low patient acceptability, A study was conducted in San Diego, CA, to determine whether urine specimens could be obtained from high-risk teen males in the field using a peer teen outreach approach. Goals: Identify teen males infected with CT and provide treatment and partner management services. Study Design: Prevalence survey of 261 teen males and a program cost evaluation. Results: During the 6.5-month study period (Dec 15, 1995 to June 30, 1996) an estimated 1,860 teen males were approached and 261 submitted a urine specimen; 16 (6.1%) were positive by polymerase chain reaction, All positive males were treated with azithromycin, 1 gm, in the field, and 9 female sex partners were treated, 7 of whom were CT positive. The cost per specimen obtained and per CT infection identified was $103 and $1,677, respectively, The annual cost for adding a peer teen outreach service to an existing STD program using existing staff and adding 1.2 full-time equivalents of outreach time is approximately $25,000. Conclusion: Peer teen outreach and in-field collection of urine specimens appear to be an acceptable alternative for screening teen males for CT and should be further evaluated in other communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv Off, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent E06, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Hlth Serv, Community Hlth Serv, Div Community Dis Control, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Behav Res, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Serv Off, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent E06, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1097/00007435-199801000-00010 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YN488 UT WOS:000071173600010 PM 9437785 ER PT S AU Shah, K Levine, A Butel, J Urnovitz, H Pass, H Goedert, J Dorries, K Ozer, H Oxman, M Lednicky, J Minor, P Morris, A Strickler, H Carbone, M Fisher, BL Frisque, R Kyle, W Procopio, A Garcea, R Martin, R Weiss, R Chen, R Villareal, L Klein, G Tevethia, S Imperiale, M Rattner, H O'Neill, F AF Shah, K Levine, A Butel, J Urnovitz, H Pass, H Goedert, J Dorries, K Ozer, H Oxman, M Lednicky, J Minor, P Morris, A Strickler, H Carbone, M Fisher, BL Frisque, R Kyle, W Procopio, A Garcea, R Martin, R Weiss, R Chen, R Villareal, L Klein, G Tevethia, S Imperiale, M Rattner, H O'Neill, F BE Brown, F Lewis, AM TI SV40 as a putative human commensal - Opening remarks - Panel-audience discussion II SO SIMIAN VIRUS 40 (SV40): POSSIBLE HUMAN POLYOMAVIRUS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material CT Workshop on Simian Virus 40 (SV40): a Possible Human Polyomavirus CY JAN 27-28, 1997 CL NIH, NATCHER AUDITORIUM, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NICHHD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Vaccine Program Off HO NIH, NATCHER AUDITORIUM C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Chron Illness Res Found, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Wayne State Univ, Harper Hosp, Ctr Inst, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Wuerzburg, Inst Virol, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect 111 F, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Loyola Univ, Cardinal Bernardin Canc Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Nat Vacc Informat Ctr, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Amer Soc Microbiol, Hingham, MA 02043 USA. Univ G DAnnunzio, I-66013 Chieti, Italy. Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Inst Canc Res, Chester Beatty Labs, London SW3 6JB, England. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Karolinska Inst, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Child & Family Quarterly, Oak Pk, IL 60303 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. US FDA, CBER, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Shah, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6733-2 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1998 VL 94 BP 251 EP 269 PG 19 WC Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology; Virology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology; Immunology; Virology GA BL56R UT WOS:000075903300030 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y Moneyham, LL Sowell, RL Demi, AS Seals, BF AF Mizuno, Y Moneyham, LL Sowell, RL Demi, AS Seals, BF TI Effects of sociodemographic factors, stage of illness, and perceived stigma on the identification of a support person among women with HIV infection SO SOCIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; RURAL COMMUNITIES; BREAST-CANCER; AIDS; PERCEPTIONS; BLACK AB Addressing the lack of research on the social distribution of social support and research on the social experience of women with HIV infection, this article examines how sociodemographic factors, stage of illness, and perceived stigma affected the identification of a supportive social relationship among HIV-infected women. Data were collected from women with HIV disease living in the state of Georgia. Logistic regression analysis indicates that after taking account of other factors, marital status, rural-urban residency, stage of illness, and stigmatization were significant predictors of whether the women identified a support person. Single status and rural residency had negative effects on the outcome. Those who were at the advanced stage of illness were less likely than those at the asymptomatic stage to identify a supportive relationship. Contrary to our expectation, stigmatization had positive effects on the outcome. implications and limitations of the analysis are discussed, followed by directions for future research. C1 AID Atlanta Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Coll Nursing, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Georgia State Univ, Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), 1203 Haven Brook Way, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 0273-2173 J9 SOCIOL SPECTRUM JI Sociol. Spectr. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 18 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 PG 19 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA YR280 UT WOS:000071479000001 ER PT B AU Satcher, D AF Satcher, D GP ACA FDN ACA FDN TI General session address SO STATE OF CORRECTIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Corrections-Association/127th Congress of Correction CY JAN 27-30, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Correct Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CORRECTIONAL ASSOC PI LAUREL PA 8025 LAUREL LAKES COURT, LAUREL, MD 20707 USA BN 1-56991-076-6 PY 1998 BP 99 EP 111 PG 13 WC Law SC Government & Law GA BT35S UT WOS:000172722400011 ER PT J AU Qureshi, AI Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Qureshi, AI Giles, WH Croft, JB TI Impaired glucose tolerance and the likelihood for non-fatal stroke and myocardial infarction: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 1998 VL 29 IS 1 MA P117 BP 322 EP 322 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YQ726 UT WOS:000071417100258 ER PT J AU Needle, RH Coyle, S Cesari, H Trotter, R Clatts, M Koester, S Price, L McLellan, E Finlinson, A Bluthenthal, RN Pierce, T Johnson, J Jones, TS Williams, M AF Needle, RH Coyle, S Cesari, H Trotter, R Clatts, M Koester, S Price, L McLellan, E Finlinson, A Bluthenthal, RN Pierce, T Johnson, J Jones, TS Williams, M TI HIV risk behaviors associated with the injection process: Multiperson use of drug injection equipment and paraphernalia in injection drug user networks SO SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; injection drug users; drug sharing; ethnography; injections networks ID NEEDLE EXCHANGE; AIDS-PREVENTION; INFECTION; SYRINGE; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE AB This study examines drug acquisition and multiperson use of paraphernalia, drugs, and needles/syringes. Ethnographers observed 54 injection episodes in which IDUs were linked by HIV risk behaviors, and developed a typology of higher-risk, lower-risk, and nonsharing-risk networks. Multiperson use of injection paraphernalia or drug solution occurred in most injection events (94%). Serial use of syringes/needles occurred infrequently (14%) relative to "backloading" (37%) and reuse of paraphernalia (cookers 84%, cotton 77%, water 77%). Higher-risk injection networks were characterized by larger size and pooling of resources for drugs. Prevention messages must include avoiding reuse of injection paraphernalia and transfer of drug solution. C1 NIDA, Community Res Branch, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Mental Hlth & Mental Retardat Author, Harris Cty, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Needle, RH (reprint author), NIDA, Community Res Branch, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Res, 5600 Fishers Lane,Room 9A-42, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM rh28e@nih.gov RI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/J-9720-2012; OI Bluthenthal, Ricky/0000-0003-3491-1702; McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/0000-0002-1884-9315 FU PHS HHS [271-90-8400] NR 51 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6084 J9 SUBST USE MISUSE JI Subst. Use Misuse PY 1998 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2403 EP 2423 DI 10.3109/10826089809059332 PG 21 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 126FP UT WOS:000076282600002 PM 9781822 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Dilley, A Austin, H Wenger, NK Benson, J Evatt, BL Silva, V Rawlins, P AF Hooper, WC Dilley, A Austin, H Wenger, NK Benson, J Evatt, BL Silva, V Rawlins, P TI Absence of mutations at APC cleavage sites Arg(306) in factor V and Arg(336), Arg(562) in factor VIII in African-Americans SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Letter ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C C1 Ctr Dis Control, MS DO2, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, MS DO2, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 236 EP 236 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YR372 UT WOS:000071488800044 PM 9459355 ER PT J AU Eriksen, M AF Eriksen, M TI Panel session II - Linking to public health resources - Closing remarks SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eriksen, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PY 1998 VL 7 SU S BP S35 EP S35 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 174KB UT WOS:000079032800017 ER PT J AU Eriksen, M AF Eriksen, M TI Panel session II - Linking to public health resources - Introduction SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eriksen, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PY 1998 VL 7 SU S BP S26 EP S26 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 174KB UT WOS:000079032800012 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP AF Koplan, JP TI Preface - Managed care and approaches to tobacco control SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Prudential Ctr Hlth Care Res, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PY 1998 VL 7 SU S BP S1 EP S2 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 174KB UT WOS:000079032800001 PM 10093185 ER PT J AU Brock, JW Melnyk, LJ Caudill, SP Needham, LL Bond, AE AF Brock, JW Melnyk, LJ Caudill, SP Needham, LL Bond, AE TI Serum levels of several organochlorine pesticides in farmers correspond with dietary exposure and local use history SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Work Session on Environmental Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals - Neural Endocrine and Behavioral Effects CY NOV 05-10, 1995 CL ETTORE MAJORANA CTR SCI CULTURE, ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Ethol HO ETTORE MAJORANA CTR SCI CULTURE DE agricultural workers; biomonitoring; chlorinated pesticides; chlordane; diet; dieldrin; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; reference dose; serum ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CANCER; METABOLITES AB In response to reported increased cancer risks among farmers, the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) was designed to examine health outcomes and environmental exposures among farm families in the United States. In the pilot phase of the AHS, food, beverage, air; dermal, dust, surface wipe, and biological specimens (blood and urine) were collected and analyzed for six farm families in two states (IA and NC). in addition, questionnaires were administered to examine previous pesticide use. This paper reports the organochlorine pesticide results of the serum and dietary analyses as well as questionnaire results from the pilot exposure study of farmers and their families. Note, no organochlorine pesticides were reported as currently being applied to the study farms. In all human serum samples examined, typical U.S. population levels were found for the majority of the pesticides. In addition, human serum levels of organochlorine pesticides showed no significant daily or seasonal variation. However; serum trans-nonachlor levels were found to be higher in people living on the two farms in North Carolina than in people living on the four farms in Iowa (p < 0.05). Further, unusually high dieldrin levels were found in serum samples from a farmer and spouse living on an Iowa farm, and these levels were significantly higher than those of people living on the other farms (p < 0.05). Dieldrin was persistent in the foods consumed on the same Iowa farm where family members showed elevated serum levels. In addition, dietary samples from th North Carolina farms exhibited high levels of chlordane. No organochlorine pesticides were found in any of the drinking water samples. Dietary dieldrin levels on the same Iowa farm exceeded the oral reference dose (RfD) eight- to eleven-fold (50 ng/kg-day). No other pesticide exceeded the RfD. However, dietary chlordane levels at a North Carolina farm reached 17% of the RfD. Previous use of aldrin on a Iowa farm corresponded to dieldrin found in the diet and in the serum of the farmer and spouse. Previous reported use of chlordane on the North Carolina farms corresponded with measurable dietary levels of chlordane and higher serum trans-nonachlor levels than the levels in Iowa farm families. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Brock, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-APR PY 1998 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 289 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YR675 UT WOS:000071519000016 PM 9460180 ER PT J AU Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG AF Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG TI Ebola haemorrhagic fever SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Ebola haemorrhagic fever; clinical aspects; diagnosis; pathogenesis; treatment C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90931-2 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YY989 UT WOS:000072210400001 PM 9692135 ER PT J AU Wamae, CN Lammie, PJ AF Wamae, CN Lammie, PJ TI Haematuria in coastal Kenya is associated with Schistosoma haematobium but not Wuchereria bancrofti infection SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE filariasis; schistosomiasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; Schistosoma haematobium; haematuria; prevalence; Kenya ID FILARIASIS; ABNORMALITIES; PREVALENCE C1 Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Microbiol Res, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wamae, CN (reprint author), Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Microbiol Res, Mbagathi Rd,POB 54840, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 92 IS 1 BP 63 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90955-5 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YY989 UT WOS:000072210400020 PM 9692154 ER PT J AU Naikhin, AN Rudenko, LG Arden, N Katz, J Grigoryeva, YP Rekstin, AR Desheva, YA Cox, N AF Naikhin, AN Rudenko, LG Arden, N Katz, J Grigoryeva, YP Rekstin, AR Desheva, YA Cox, N TI Formation of humoral and secretory immunity in elderly subjects immunized with influenza vaccines after different protocols SO VOPROSY VIRUSOLOGII LA Russian DT Article ID A VIRUS-VACCINES; WILD-TYPE VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SERUM; LIVE; ADULTS; ADVANTAGE AB The immunological efficacy of 5 protocols of immunization with two influenza vaccines are compared in 168 elderly subjects aged 64 to 87 years. Russian lived cold-adapted reassortant trivalent (LCIV) and American inactivated cleaved trivalent (ICIV) influenza vaccines were used. The protocols of vaccination were as follows: 1) simultaneous vaccination with LCIV and ICIV and revaccination with LCIV after 1 month; 2) simultaneous vaccination with LCIV and ICIV and revaccination with placebo after 1 month; 3) vaccination and revaccination with LCIV; 4) vaccination with ICIV and revaccination with placebo; 5) vaccination and revaccination with placebo preparation (control); 6) vaccination with ICIV and revaccination with LCIV after 1 month. The incidence of significant increments and intensity of accumulation of serum (assessed by the hemagglutination inhibition test) and secretor (IgA) antibodies (assessed by enzyme immunoassay) was evaluated. For elderly subjects, simultaneous vaccination with LCIV and ICIV followed by revaccination with LCIV is the most effective. After such vaccinations both secretory and humoral immune responses are characterized by the highest production of secretory IgA and serum antibodies. The quantitative parameters of both types of immune response in elderly subjects thus immunized are much higher than in young subjects vaccinated traditionally, that is, by LCIV or ICIV alone. C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, Expt Med Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Naikhin, AN (reprint author), Russian Acad Med Sci, Expt Med Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RI Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013; Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520; Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GOSUDARSTVENNOE IZDATELSTVO PI MOSCOW PA MEDITSINSKOI LITERATURY PETROVKA 12, MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0507-4088 J9 VOP VIRUSOL+ JI Vopr. Virusol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZR131 UT WOS:000073939700006 PM 9559531 ER PT J AU Oshima, KH Evans-Strickfaden, TT Highsmith, AK AF Oshima, KH Evans-Strickfaden, TT Highsmith, AK TI Comparison of filtration properties of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and simian virus 40 using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; REMOVAL; FLUIDS; FIBER; WATER; SIZE; PP7; T1 AB Background and Objectives: We examined the ability of a modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter to remove blood-borne and surrogate viruses. Materials and Methods: Phages PR772 and PP7, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus and simian virus 40 (SV40) were spiked in minimum essential media with 10% fetal calf serum and the concentration of these viruses compared before and after filtration by either plaque assay or polymerase chain reaction. Results: Viruses >50 nm were removed to below detection limits (> 10(6) logs) for all filters tested. A 5-log reduction of HBV (42 nm) and 2- to 3-log reduction of HCV (30-65 nm) was observed. Conclusion: A predictable size-based removal of viral agents was observed. The results also suggest the possible utility of SV40 as a surrogate to HBV for membrane filter challenge studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biol Prod Branch, Sci Resources Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Pall Corp, Sci & Lab Serv, Port Washington, NY USA. RP Oshima, KH (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Box 30001,Dept 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1159/000030984 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 143UJ UT WOS:000077275200003 PM 9852404 ER PT S AU Chapman, L AF Chapman, L CA DDHS Interagcy Working Grp Xenotransplantat BE Fishman, J Sachs, D Shaikh, R TI The Draft US Public Health Service Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation SO XENOTRANSPLANTATION: SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERS AND PUBLIC POLICY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Transplantation Biotechnology - A Workshop on International Issues Including the Use of Non-Human Cells, Tissues, and Organs CY MAR 18-20, 1998 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP New York Acad Sci, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol & Review, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Off Sci Policy, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Hlth Resources Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept HHS, Off Sci Policy, Off Assistant Secretary Planning & Evaluat, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Chapman, L (reprint author), CDC, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-186-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1998 VL 862 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Transplantation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Transplantation GA BM29S UT WOS:000078305000021 ER PT J AU Koehler, JE Sanchez, MA Garrido, CS Whitfeld, MJ Chen, FM Berger, TG Rodriguez-Barradas, MC LeBoit, PE Tappero, JW AF Koehler, JE Sanchez, MA Garrido, CS Whitfeld, MJ Chen, FM Berger, TG Rodriguez-Barradas, MC LeBoit, PE Tappero, JW TI Molecular epidemiology of Bartonella infections in patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Session on Emerging Pathogens, Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America National Meeting / 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-20, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; BACTEREMIA; FEVER; SEPTICEMIA; QUINTANA AB Background Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis are vascular proliferative manifestations of infection with species of the genus bartonella that occur predominantly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, Two species, Bartonella henselae and B. quintana, have been associated with bacillary angiomatosis, but culture and speciation are difficult, and there has been little systematic evaluation ol the species-specific disease characteristics. We studied 49 patients seen over eight years who were infected with bartonella species identified by molecular techniques and who had clinical lesions consistent with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis. Methods In this case-control study, a standardized questionnaire about exposures was administered to patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis and to 96 marched controls. The infecting bartonella species were determined by molecular techniques. Results Of the 49 patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis, 26 (53 percent) were infected with B. henselae and 23 (47 percent) with B. quintana. Subcutaneous and lytic bone lesions were strongly associated with B. quintana, whereas peliosis hepatis was associated exclusively with B. henselae, Patients with B, henselae infection were identified throughout the study period and were epidemiologically linked to cat and flea exposure (P less than or equal to 0.004), whereas those with B, quintana were clustered and were characterized by low income (P=0.003), homelessness (P=0.004), and exposure to lice (P=0.03), Prior treatment with macrolide antibiotics appeared to be protective against infection with either species. Conclusions B. henselae and B, quintana, the organisms that cause bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis, are associated with different epidemiologic risk factors and with predilections for involvement of different organs. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koehler, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Box 0654,521 Parnassus Ave,Rm C-443, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. OI Whitfeld, Margot/0000-0003-4509-4461 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00003]; NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI36075] NR 33 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 25 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 26 BP 1876 EP 1883 DI 10.1056/NEJM199712253372603 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YN051 UT WOS:000071128200003 PM 9407154 ER PT J AU Tappero, JW Koehler, JE AF Tappero, JW Koehler, JE TI Bacillary angiomatosis or Kaposi's sarcoma SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tappero, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 25 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 26 BP 1888 EP 1888 DI 10.1056/NEJM199712253372605 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YN051 UT WOS:000071128200005 PM 9407156 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Perinatally acquired HIV/AIDS - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 1086-1092, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 24 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 24 BP 2135 EP 2136 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM043 UT WOS:000071022200010 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Onorato, I AF Ridzon, R Onorato, I TI Patient consent for publication SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 24 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 24 BP 2139 EP 2140 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM043 UT WOS:000071022200016 PM 9416999 ER PT J AU Snider, DE AF Snider, DE TI Patient consent for publication - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Snider, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 24 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 24 BP 2140 EP 2140 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM043 UT WOS:000071022200017 ER PT J AU O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB AF O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB TI Brain serotonin neurotoxicity and fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; C57BL/6J MOUSE C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 24 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 24 BP 2141 EP 2142 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM043 UT WOS:000071022200021 PM 9417002 ER PT J AU Williams, I Smith, MG Sinha, D Kernan, D Minor-Babin, G Garcia, E Robertson, BH Di Pentima, R Shapiro, CN AF Williams, I Smith, MG Sinha, D Kernan, D Minor-Babin, G Garcia, E Robertson, BH Di Pentima, R Shapiro, CN TI Hepatitis B virus transmission in an elementary school setting SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; INFECTION; CHILD; RISK; SALIVA AB Context.-The risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in day care centers and schools is low. Objective.-To investigate the source of HBV transmission for an elementary schoolteacher with acute hepatitis B. Design.-Serologic survey for HBV infection among elementary school students, school staff, and household members of an HBV-infected teacher and student. Setting.-General community and elementary school. Patients.-Elementary school students and staff members and household members of an HBV-infected teacher. Main Outcome Measures.-Elementary school students, school staff, and household members of an HBV-infected teacher were tested for markers of HBV infection. Samples positive far hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were tested for HBsAg subtype using monoclonal antibodies and examined for HBV DNA homology by polymerase chain reaction techniques. Results.-An HBV-infected student and the teacher were found to have the same HBV subtype (ayw1-2) and to have identical HBV DNA sequences. The teacher reported no ne of the usual risk factors for acquiring HBV infection, and no ne of her family members had been infected prior to her illness. The specific means of HBV transmission from student to teacher was not identified. Of 108 total children in the same grade as the HBV-infected student, 102 (94%) were tested for serologic markers of HBV infection, and none was positive. Conclusions.-This investigation documented transmission from an HBV-infected student to a teacher in an elementary school setting without a reported overt percutaneous or permucosal exposure to blood or infectious body fluids. Transmission of HBV to other students or staff members in the school was not observed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch,MS G37, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Hampshire Div Publ Hlth Serv, Concord, NH USA. Mt Hlth Serv, Gorham, NH USA. RP Williams, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch,MS G37, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 24 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 24 BP 2167 EP 2169 DI 10.1001/jama.278.24.2167 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM043 UT WOS:000071022200033 PM 9417011 ER PT J AU Takada, A Robison, C Goto, H Sanchez, A Murti, KG Whitt, MA Kawaoka, Y AF Takada, A Robison, C Goto, H Sanchez, A Murti, KG Whitt, MA Kawaoka, Y TI A system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoprotein SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; MARBURG VIRUS; EXPRESSION; CELLS; REPLICATION; PROTEIN; GENE; ELEMENTS; RECEPTOR; ENTRY AB Ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, resulting in mortality rates of up to 90%. Studies of this virus have been hampered by its extraordinary pathogenicity, which requires biosafety level 4 containment. To circumvent this problem, we developed a novel complementation system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoproteins, It relies on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that contains the green fluorescent protein gene instead of the receptor-binding G protein gene (VSV Delta G*). Herein we show that Ebola Reston virus glycoprotein (ResGP) is efficiently incorporated into VSV particles. This recombinant VSV with integrated ResGP (VSV Delta G*-ResGP) infected primate cells more efficiently than any of the other mammalian or avian cells examined, in a manner consistent with the host range tropism of Ebola virus, whereas VSV Delta G* complemented with VSV G protein (VSV Delta G*-G) efficiently infected the majority of the cells tested. We also tested the utility of this system for investigating the cellular receptors for Ebola virus. Chemical modification of cells to alter their surface proteins markedly reduced their susceptibility to VSV Delta G*-ResGP but not to VSV Delta G*-G. These findings suggest that cell surface glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharide chains contribute to the entry of Ebola viruses, presumably acting as a specific receptor and/or cofactor for virus entry. Thus, our VSV system should be useful for investigating the functions of glycoproteins from highly pathogenic viruses or those incapable of being cultured in vitro. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, Memphis, TN 38101 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Vet Med, Dept Dis Control, Microbiol Lab, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Kawaoka, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, 2015 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu RI Takada, Ayato/A-6679-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33989]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM53726] NR 29 TC 328 Z9 351 U1 5 U2 80 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 23 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 26 BP 14764 EP 14769 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14764 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YN574 UT WOS:000071182800097 PM 9405687 ER PT J AU O'Connor, S Hughes, JM AF O'Connor, S Hughes, JM TI Infectious diseases - More surprises SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Connor, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 20 PY 1997 VL 350 SU 3 BP SIII12 EP SIII12 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YQ086 UT WOS:000071346900012 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ James, LM Olney, RS Paulozzi, LJ Erickson, JD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ James, LM Olney, RS Paulozzi, LJ Erickson, JD TI The return of thalidomide: Are birth defects surveillance systems ready? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE thalidomide; birth defect; surveillance; epidemiologic method ID LIMB REDUCTION DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SAMPLE-SIZE; POWER AB In the 1960s, thalidomide caused limb deficiencies in thousands of infants worldwide. The limb deficiencies were frequently of the intercalary type. As a result, numerous countries started birth defect surveillance programs. In 1967, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) started the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based surveillance system, to provide early warning against new teratogens. Recent studies have shown that thalidomide may be beneficial for a range of conditions, including cancer and AIDS, and it may once again become widely available. Here, we examine the ability of MACDP to detect an increase in the birth prevalence of limb deficiency as an early warning of fetal exposure to thalidomide. We calculated base rates for all limb deficiencies, for bilateral nonsyndromic intercalary or preaxial deficiencies, and for all nonsyndromic intercalary limb deficiencies among Atlanta infants born from 1968 through 1993. We used relative risk estimates from previous studies and a range of pregnancy exposure rates for thalidomide. We tested the statistical power of MACDP to detect subtle changes in the birth prevalence of these defects using Poisson and cumulative sum (CUSUM) techniques. The base rates for all limb deficiencies, for bilateral intercalary or preaxial deficiencies, and for all intercalary limb deficiencies, were 0.53, 0.035, and 0.022/1,000, and the estimated relative risks were 175, 4,570, and 8,180, respectively. We varied the assumed rate of exposure to thalidomide from 1/10,000 to 5/100. With a 1/1,000 exposure rate, both Poisson and CUSUM techniques will detect a rate change in intercalary limb deficiency in about 6 months of monitoring, and a rate change in bilateral intercalary or preaxial deficiencies in about 12 months of monitoring. When monitoring all limb deficiencies, a pregnancy exposure rate of 3.5% or less would go unnoticed by the Poisson method and would take more than 50 years for the CUSUM method to signal an alarm with a 1/1,000 exposure rate. However, for rates of exposure less than 1/1,000, a progressively longer period of time or larger sample a-re needed to detect a rate change by both methods. Our findings highlight the importance of enlarging the monitored population and correct case classification in birth defects surveillance. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF GENET & DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 19 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19971219)73:3<251::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-V PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YH577 UT WOS:A1997YH57700004 PM 9415679 ER PT J AU Jimenez, B Patterson, DG Grainger, J Liu, Z Gonzalez, MJ Marina, ML AF Jimenez, B Patterson, DG Grainger, J Liu, Z Gonzalez, MJ Marina, ML TI Enhancement of the separation selectivity of a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using mixed cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE selectivity; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; cyclodextrins ID CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; RETENTION DATA; ELECTROPHORESIS; PAHS AB The separation selectivity of a group of twenty polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (including sixteen Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs) was studied when mixtures of native beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) are used as modifiers in the separation buffer in cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The ratio between the concentrations of beta- and gamma-CDs in the separation buffer as well as the total concentration was varied for various buffer concentrations. An enhancement in selectivity was obtained which enabled the separation of eighteen PAHs when using a 0.140-M berate buffer (pH 9) containing 0.100 M sodium dodecyl sulphate micelles, 0.042 M beta-CD, 0.020 M gamma-CD and 2.5 M urea. The correlation between the logarithm of the capacity factors of PAHs and the logarithm of their octanol-water distribution coefficients was also investigated. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Alcala de Henares, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Analit, Madrid 28871, Spain. CSIC, Inst Quim Organ Gen, Dept Anal Instrumental & Quim Ambiental, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Marina, ML (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Analit, Madrid 28871, Spain. RI Jimenez, Begona/C-6324-2012; Marina Alegre, Maria Luisa/F-3485-2016; OI Marina Alegre, Maria Luisa/0000-0002-5583-1624; Gonzalez, Maria Jose/0000-0002-0127-1166 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 19 PY 1997 VL 792 IS 1-2 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00808-X PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YT286 UT WOS:000071584900029 ER PT J AU Gitchell, J Currence, C AF Gitchell, J Currence, C TI Impact of promotion of the Great American Smokeout and availability of over-the-counter nicotine medications, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 867-871, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT PSYCHOL,SMOKING RES GRP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. PINNEY ASSOCIATES,BETHESDA,MD. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. CDC,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Gitchell, J (reprint author), SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CONSUMER HEALTHCARE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 23 BP 2055 EP 2056 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK987 UT WOS:A1997YK98700014 ER PT J AU Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Wineski, A Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Passaro, K Kaske, J Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Giles, R McIntyre, R Redman, L WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M Mowery, P Coole, D Chrismon, J AF Cook, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Wineski, A Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Murayi, T Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Passaro, K Kaske, J Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Giles, R McIntyre, R Redman, L WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Imm, P Futa, M Mowery, P Coole, D Chrismon, J TI State-specific prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults, and children's and adolescents' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 1038-1043, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,BALTIMORE,MD. TRW CO INC,FAIRFAX,VA. CDC,BEHAV SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Cook, J (reprint author), COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 23 BP 2056 EP 2057 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK987 UT WOS:A1997YK98700015 ER PT J AU Adams, EK Solanki, G Miller, LS AF Adams, EK Solanki, G Miller, LS TI Medical-care expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking during pregnancy - United States, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 1048-1050, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH SOCIAL WELF,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CDC,PROGRAM SERV & DEV BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Adams, EK (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 23 BP 2058 EP 2059 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK987 UT WOS:A1997YK98700016 ER PT J AU Tugwell, P Dennis, DT Weinstein, A Wells, G Shea, B Nichol, G Hayward, R Lightfoot, R Baker, P Steere, AC AF Tugwell, P Dennis, DT Weinstein, A Wells, G Shea, B Nichol, G Hayward, R Lightfoot, R Baker, P Steere, AC TI Laboratory evaluation in the diagnosis of Lyme disease SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI DNA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; ARTHRITIS; SERODIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODY; NEUROBORRELIOSIS; FIBROMYALGIA; EPIDEMIC AB Purpose: To provide a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the predictive value of the laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease and to use the resultant data to formulate guidelines for clinical diagnosis. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of English-language articles or articles with English-language abstracts published from 1982 to 1996. Data Extraction: Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated, and a random-effects model was used to combine the proportions from the eligible studies. Prespecified criteria were used to determine which studies were eligible for analysis. Data Synthesis: Laboratory testing in general is not clinically useful if the pretest probability of Lyme disease is less than 0.20 or greater than 0.80. When the pretest probability is 0.20 to 0.80, sequential testing with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot is the most accurate method for ruling in or ruling out the possibility of Lyme disease. Conclusions: Laboratory testing is recommended only in patients whose pretest probability of Lyme disease is 0.20 to 0.80. If the pretest probability is less than 0.20, testing will result in more false-positive results than true-positive results; a negative test result in this situation effectively rules out the disease. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. New York Med Coll, Div Rheumat Dis & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Tugwell, P (reprint author), Ottawa Gen Hosp, Dept Med, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. OI Tugwell, Peter/0000-0001-5062-0556 NR 66 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 127 IS 12 BP 1109 EP 1123 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YL262 UT WOS:000070936600010 PM 9412316 ER PT J AU Frisby, HR Addiss, DG Reiser, WJ Hancock, B Vergeront, JM Hoxie, NJ Davis, JP AF Frisby, HR Addiss, DG Reiser, WJ Hancock, B Vergeront, JM Hoxie, NJ Davis, JP TI Clinical and epidemiologic features of a massive waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in persons with HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; clinical characteristics; CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count; HIV; diarrhea; disease outbreak; Milwaukee ID MILWAUKEE; TRANSMISSION AB During March and April 1993, a massive outbreak of Cryptosporidium infection resulted from contamination of the public water supply in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The health impact of this outbreak in HIV-infected persons was unknown but was perceived as severe. We surveyed HIV-infected persons who resided in the greater Milwaukee area to examine the acute health impact of cryptosporidiosis on this population. Data from a random-digit dialing survey in the general population residing in the same area were used for comparison. The attack rate of watery diarrhea suggestive of cryptosporidiosis was lower in HIV-infected persons (32%) than in the general population (51%). There was no significant difference in attack rate in HIV-infected persons based on CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count. In persons with watery diarrhea, HIV-infected persons were more likely to experience cough (42%), fever (52%), and dehydration (55%). In HIV-infected persons with watery diarrhea, persons with CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts <200/mu l had longer duration of diarrhea and were more likely to seek medical attention and be hospitalized. During this massive waterborne outbreak, HIV-infected persons were not more likely to experience symptomatic Cryptosporidium infection than the general population. However, once infected, the duration and severity of illness was greater in HIV-infected persons, especially if the CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count was <200/mu l. C1 Wisconsin Div Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Resource Ctr Wisconsin, Milwaukee AIDS Project, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), Wisconsin Div Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, 1414 E Washington Ave,Room 167, Madison, WI 53703 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YM287 UT WOS:000071048500010 PM 9420316 ER PT J AU Denning, PH Jones, JL Ward, JW AF Denning, PH Jones, JL Ward, JW TI Recent trends in the HIV epidemic in adolescent and young adult gay and bisexual men SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; incidence; HIV infections; homosexuality; male; adolescence; adult; ethnic groups; United States ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; AIDS; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE AB To explore recent patterns in the HIV epidemic in young gay and bisexual men, we analyzed national AIDS surveillance data for men who have sex with men (MSM) 13 to 25 years of age. Estimates of annual AIDS incidence were calculated tay adjusting the surveillance data for reporting delays, unreported HIV risks, and the 1993 change in the AIDS case definition. Between 1990 and 1995, estimated AIDS incidence in young MSM declined 29%, from 1400 to 1000 cases; however, trends in incidence varied greatly by race/ethnicity. Annual AIDS incidence decreased 50% in whites during this period (from 720 to 360), but fell just 2% in blacks (from 430 to 420) and rose 5% in Hispanics (from 220 to 230). Trends in incidence also differed by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) size. Between 1990 and 1995, AIDS incidence declined 37% in MSAs with populations of 2,500,000 people or more and 28% in MSAs with 1,000,000 to 2,499,999 people, but incidence decreased only 15% in MSAs with 500,000 to 999,999 people, and 13% in MSAs with 50,000 to 499,999. Incidence in nonmetropolitan (i.e., rural) areas was unchanged. Young black and Hispanic MSM now account for most young MSM with AIDS, and incidence in young MSM in small MSAs and rural areas has been relatively constant. Trends in AIDS incidence indicate that levels of HIV infection have remained persistently high in certain populations of young MSM, underscoring the immense need for HIV prevention programs targeted specifically toward these young men. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIDS Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Denning, PH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIDS Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC 15 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 374 EP 379 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YM287 UT WOS:000071048500011 PM 9420317 ER PT J AU Moore, CA Li, S Li, Z Hong, SX Gu, HQ Berry, RJ Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Moore, CA Li, S Li, Z Hong, SX Gu, HQ Berry, RJ Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Elevated rates of severe neural tube defects in a high-prevalence area in northern China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE neural tube defects; craniorachischisis; iniencephaly; birth defects surveillance ID MALFORMATIONS AB In the northern provinces of China, the birth prevalence rate of neural tube defects (NTDs) is among the highest in the world-at about 6 per 1,000 births in rural areas, A unique population-based birth defects surveillance system in which photographs are taken of infants with selected external birth defects was implemented in two provinces in northern China and two provinces in southern China where NTD rates approximate those in the United States, In the period from March 1992 through December 1993, 660 infants with NTDs were identified by the surveillance project from a birth cohort of 251,567. We compared data from the two surveillance areas in China with data from a low-prevalence area in the United States to determine if the pattern of NTD types differs, Based on birth prevalence rates of NTDs from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, the observed to expected ratios for two types of NTDs are markedly increased at 80.8 for craniorachischisis and 25.0 for iniencephaly, Rates of these two NTDs in the southern provinces are increased to a lesser degree with observed to expected ratios of 7.1 for craniorachischisis and 2.7 for iniencephaly. The pattern of NTDs in northern China shows an increase in types that are rare in low-prevalence areas such as metropolitan Atlanta, Increased awareness of varying patterns of NTDs in different populations may have important implications for identifying etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms of NTDs. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 BEIJING MED UNIV,NATL CTR MATERNAL & INFANT HLTH,BEIJING 100083,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Moore, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30314, USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 18 TC 104 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 12 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YH889 UT WOS:A1997YH88900002 PM 9409858 ER PT J AU Mahoney, FJ Stewart, K Hu, HX Coleman, P Alter, MJ AF Mahoney, FJ Stewart, K Hu, HX Coleman, P Alter, MJ TI Progress toward the elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission among health care workers in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-DERIVED VACCINE; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INFECTION; BOOSTER; RISK; ACCEPTANCE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE AB Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a well-recognized occupational risk for health care workers (HCWs). Vaccination coverage, disease trends, and the need for booster doses after hepatitis B vaccination of adults have been the subject of intense study during the 15 years of the vaccine's availability. Methods: Vaccination coverage of HCWs was determined from a review of medical records on a sample of employees from 113 randomly selected hospitals. The number of HBV infections among HCWs and the general US population for 1983 through 1995 was estimated from national surveillance data. Studies on long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination of adults were reviewed. Results: A total of 2837 employee medical records were reviewed; 2532 employees (90%) were eligible to receive hepatitis B vaccine, and 66.5% of them (95% confidence interval, 61.9%-70.9%) had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccination coverage was highest (75%) for personnel with frequent exposure to infectious body fluids (phlebotomists, laboratory personnel, and nursing staff) and lowest (45%) for employees at low risk for exposure (dietary and clerical staff). The number of HBV infections among HCWs declined from 17000 in 1983 to 400 in 1995. The 95% decline in incidence observed among HCWs is 1.5-fold greater than the reduction in incidence in the general US population. Studies on long-term protection demonstrate that vaccine-induced protection persists at least 11 years even when titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen decline below detectable levels. Conclusions: Although a high percentage of HCWs have been fully vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, efforts need to be made to improve this coverage. There has been a dramatic decrease in the number of HBV infections among HCWs who are now at lower risk of HBV infection than the general US population. Vaccine-induced protection persists at least 11 years and booster doses are not needed at this time for adults who have responded to vaccination. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. RP Mahoney, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HEPATITIS BRANCH, DVRD, G37, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 101 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 EI 1538-3679 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 8 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 22 BP 2601 EP 2605 DI 10.1001/archinte.157.22.2601 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YJ523 UT WOS:A1997YJ52300010 PM 9531229 ER PT J AU Kirkland, KB Klimko, TB Meriwether, RA Schriefer, M Levin, M Levine, J MacKenzie, WR Dennis, DT AF Kirkland, KB Klimko, TB Meriwether, RA Schriefer, M Levin, M Levine, J MacKenzie, WR Dennis, DT TI Erythema migrans-like rash illness at a camp in North Carolina - A new tick-borne disease? SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID EARLY LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ACARI; IXODIDAE; AGENT; SKIN; SPIROCHAETACEAE; INFECTIONS AB Background: Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has never been isolated from a patient thought to have acquired Lyme disease in any southeastern state. Objective: To investigate 14 cases of an erythema migrans (EM)-like rash illness that occurred during 2 summers at an outdoor camp in central North Carolina in an effort to determine the etiologic, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of this illness. Methods: Using active surveillance, we identified cases of clinically diagnosed EM in residents and staff of the camp. We collected clinical and demographic information; history of exposure to ticks; acute and convalescent serum antibodies to B burgdorferi, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis; and cultures for spirochetes from biopsy specimens of skin lesions. Serum samples from a group of residents and staff who did not develop rashes were tested for the same antibodies. We speciated ticks removed from people and collected from vegetation. Results: We identified 14 cases of EM-like rash illness during the 2 summers. Of the 14 case-patients, 10 had associated mild systemic symptoms and 1 had documented fever. All 14 case-patients had removed attached ticks, and 8 remembered having removed a tick from the site where the rash developed a median of 12 days earlier (range, 2-21 days). One tick removed from the site where a rash later developed was identified as Amblyomma americanum, the Lone Star tick; 97% of ticks collected from vegetation and 95% of ticks removed from people were A americanum. No spirochetes were isolated from skin biopsy specimens. Paired serum samples from 13 case-patients did not show diagnostic antibody responses to B burgdorferi or other tick-borne pathogens. Conclusions: This investigation suggests the existence of a new tick-associated rash illness. We suspect that the disease agent is carried by A americanum ticks. In the southern United States, EM-like rash illness should no longer be considered definitive evidence of early Lyme disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 33 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 8 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 22 BP 2635 EP 2641 DI 10.1001/archinte.157.22.2635 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YJ523 UT WOS:A1997YJ52300014 PM 9531233 ER PT J AU Perkins, BA Broome, CV Rosenstein, NE Schuchat, A Reingold, AL AF Perkins, BA Broome, CV Rosenstein, NE Schuchat, A Reingold, AL TI Meningococcal vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Perkins, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 6 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9092 BP 1708 EP 1708 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64314-0 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK211 UT WOS:A1997YK21100059 PM 9400540 ER PT J AU Rolfs, RT Radolf, JD Augenbraun, MH Joesoef, MR AF Rolfs, RT Radolf, JD Augenbraun, MH Joesoef, MR TI Treatment of early syphilis - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID NEUROSYPHILIS; PENICILLIN C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75235. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rolfs, RT (reprint author), UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84114, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 4 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 23 BP 1698 EP 1698 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YJ871 UT WOS:A1997YJ87100026 ER PT J AU Bowen, R Glicklich, A Khan, M Rasmussen, S Wadden, T Bilstad, J Graham, D Green, L Lumpkin, M ONeill, R Sobel, S Hubbard, VS Yanovski, S Sopko, G AF Bowen, R Glicklich, A Khan, M Rasmussen, S Wadden, T Bilstad, J Graham, D Green, L Lumpkin, M ONeill, R Sobel, S Hubbard, VS Yanovski, S Sopko, G TI Cardiac valvulopathy associated with exposure to fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine: US Department of Health and Human Services interim public health recommendations, November 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 1061-1066, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DOPPLER C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CDC,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV ORAL HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Bowen, R (reprint author), US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1729 EP 1731 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700010 ER PT J AU Novelli, P AF Novelli, P TI Knowledge about causes of peptic ulcer disease - United States, March-April 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 985-987, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP Novelli, P (reprint author), CDC,FOOD BORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1731 EP 1731 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700011 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Jaffe, HW Masur, H Holmes, KK AF Kaplan, JE Jaffe, HW Masur, H Holmes, KK TI Preventing opportunistic infections in HIV-infected injection drug users - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1743 EP 1744 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700024 ER PT J AU Landen, MG Beller, M Funk, E Propst, M Middaugh, J Moolenaar, RL AF Landen, MG Beller, M Funk, E Propst, M Middaugh, J Moolenaar, RL TI Alcohol-related injury death and alcohol availability in remote Alaska SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Context.-Injury is a major public health problem in Alaska, and alcohol consumption and injury death are associated. Objective.-To determine the association between injury death, particularly alcohol-related injury death, and alcohol availability in remote Alaska. Design, Setting, and Participants.-Survey using death certificate data and medical examiner records to compare mortality rates for total injury and alcohol-related injury during 1990 through 1993 among Alaskans aged 15 years and older who had resided in remote villages of fewer than 1000 persons. Main Outcome Measures.-Rate ratios of injury death among residents of wet villages tie, those without a restrictive alcohol law) as compared with injury death among residents of dry villages tie, those with laws that prohibited the sale and importation of alcohol). Results.-Of 302 injury deaths, blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were available for 200 deaths (66.2%). Of these, 130 (65.0%) had a BAC greater than or equal to 17 mmol/L (greater than or equal to 80 mg/dL) and were, therefore, classified as alcohol related. The total injury mortality rate was greater among Alaska Natives from wet villages (rate ratio [RR],1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.1), whereas this difference was not present for nonnatives (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.3-3.8), For Alaska Natives, the alcohol-related injury mortality rate was greater among residents of wet villages (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9-3.8) than among residents of dry villages. The strength of this association was greatest for deaths due to motor vehicle injury, homicide, and hypothermia. Conclusions.-Although insufficient data existed to adjust for the effects of all potential confounders, residence in a wet village was associated with alcohol-related injury death among Alaska Native residents of remote Alaska villages. These findings indicate that measures limiting access to alcoholic beverages in this region may decrease alcohol-related injury deaths. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,OFF MED EXAMINER,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1755 EP 1758 DI 10.1001/jama.278.21.1755 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700030 PM 9388152 ER PT J AU Lobel, HO Kozarsky, PE AF Lobel, HO Kozarsky, PE TI Update on prevention of malaria for travelers SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; MEFLOQUINE PROPHYLAXIS; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; CHLOROQUINE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PREGNANCY; DOXYCYCLINE; REGIMENS AB Individuals from industrialized nations frequently travel to countries with malaria, so health care providers need to be familiar with current recommendations for prevention of malaria, Changes in drug susceptibility of malaria parasites and evolving knowledge of how well drugs are tolerated necessitate periodic review of guidelines for prophylaxis of malaria, especially of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Mefloquine is the drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis for most travelers, with doxycycline and chloroquine being less effective alternatives. Mefloquine is well tolerated at prophylactic dosages, but anecdotal reports have raised concerns about its adverse effects, Resistance to this drug has emerged in parts of Southeast Asia and may spread to other regions of the world, The major disadvantages of doxycycline are the need for daily dosing, its contraindication for young children and pregnant women. and its adverse effects, Chloroquine is effective for prophylaxis only in Central America, the Caribbean, and parts of the Middle East. Few new drugs will be available in the near future because of reduced funding for antimalarial drug research and development; therefore, the usefulness of currently available drugs needs to be prolonged by rational use. Increased efforts should be made to ensure that alternative drugs will be available for prevention of malaria. C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. RP Lobel, HO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, MALARIA SECT, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, DIV PARASIT DIS, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 21 BP 1767 EP 1771 DI 10.1001/jama.278.21.1767 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH987 UT WOS:A1997YH98700032 PM 9388154 ER PT J AU Greenberg, AE Coulibaly, IM Kadio, A Coulibaly, D Kassim, S SassanMorokro, M Maurice, C Whitaker, JP Wiktor, SZ AF Greenberg, AE Coulibaly, IM Kadio, A Coulibaly, D Kassim, S SassanMorokro, M Maurice, C Whitaker, JP Wiktor, SZ TI Impact of the 1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition on AIDS surveillance in university hospitals and tuberculosis centers in Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; surveillance; case definition; Africa ID CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; HIV AIDS; AFRICA; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; ZAIRE AB Objective: To assess the impact of the 1994 expanded World Health Organization (WHO) AIDS case definition on AIDS surveillance in Cote d'Ivoire. Design: Prospective AIDS case surveillance. Methods: From March 1994 through December 1996, passive AIDS case surveillance was conducted at the three university hospitals in Abidjan, and active AIDS case surveillance was conducted at the eight tuberculosis (TB) centers in Cote d'Ivoire. Standardized questionnaires were administered and blood samples for HIV serologic testing were collected from the patients evaluated. The numbers of persons who met the modified 1985 WHO clinical AIDS case definition (Bangui definition) and the 1994 expanded WHO AIDS case definition were determined, and the clinical characteristics of these patients were assessed. Results: Of 8648 university hospital patients, 3658 (42.3%) met the clinical and/or the expanded case definition: 744 (20.3%) HIV-seropositive persons met only the expanded definition, 44 (1.2%) HIV-seropositive persons met only the clinical definition, 2334 (63.8%) HIV-seropositive persons met both definitions, and 536 (14.7%) HIV-seronegative persons met only the clinical definition. Of 18 661 TB center patients, 9664 (51.8%) met the clinical and/or the expanded definition: 5685 (58.8%) HIV-seropositive persons met only the expanded definition, none of the HIV-seropositive persons met only the clinical definition (by definition), 2625 (27.2%) HIV-seropositive persons met both definitions, and 1354 (14.0%) HIV-seronegative persons met only the clinical definition. Conclusions: Because of the inclusion of multiple severe HIV-related illnesses into the expanded definition, the number of reportable AIDS cases in HIV-seropositive patients increased 31.3% in the university hospitals, and 217% in the TB centers. The inclusion of HIV seropositivity as a criterion for the expanded definition also enhanced the specificity of AIDS case reporting, eliminating 536 cases in the university hospitals and 1354 cases in the TB centers in HIV-seronegative patients who had clinical signs of AIDS. The use of the 1994 expanded definition for surveillance purposes should be encouraged in areas of the developing world where HIV serologic testing is available. C1 CTR HOSP & UNIV,PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR HOSP & UNIV,NATL AIDS STD & TB CONTROL PROGRAMME,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP Greenberg, AE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,MS E 50,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 15 BP 1867 EP 1872 DI 10.1097/00002030-199715000-00012 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YH358 UT WOS:A1997YH35800012 PM 9412706 ER PT J AU Roberts, BD Butera, ST AF Roberts, BD Butera, ST TI Changes in CXC-chemokine receptor-4 expression during HIV-1 replication are independent of CD4 modulations SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION RP Roberts, BD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 15 BP 1886 EP 1888 DI 10.1097/00002030-199715000-00017 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YH358 UT WOS:A1997YH35800017 PM 9412711 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO Robinson, C Lin, LS West, GR Holtgrave, DR AF Valdiserri, RO Robinson, C Lin, LS West, GR Holtgrave, DR TI Determining allocations for HIV-prevention interventions: Assessing a change in federal funding policy SO AIDS & PUBLIC POLICY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Intervent Res & Support, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Intervent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUBL GROUP, INC PI FREDERICK PA 12 SOUTH MARKET ST, STE 301, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0887-3852 J9 AIDS PUBLIC POLICY J JI Aids Public Policy J. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 138 EP 148 PG 11 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZU459 UT WOS:000074199200003 PM 10915267 ER PT J AU OBroin, SD Kelleher, BP Davoren, A Gunter, EW AF OBroin, SD Kelleher, BP Davoren, A Gunter, EW TI Field-study screening of blood folate concentrations: specimen stability and finger-stick sampling SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE red cell folate; hemoglobin folate; dried blood spot; specimen stability; finger-stick blood sampling; field studies ID TERM QUALITY-CONTROL; RED-CELL VOLUME; HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; MICROTITRE PLATES; WHOLE-BLOOD; DYSPLASIA; SERUM AB We describe optimized procedures for field studies of blood folate concentrations by using finger-stick blood sampling and include relevant studies on blood folate stability. We introduce whole-blood folate adjustment using sample hemoglobin (folate/hemoglobin, nmol/g) as a novel and practical tool yielding accurate and precise results when blood volume or dilution is unknown. Red cell folate concentrations (nmol/L) of 11887 Americans correlated well with hemoglobin-corrected whole-blood folate concentrations (r(2) = 0.993; red cell folate = 0.347 x hemoglobin folate + 1 nmol/L), which supports the approach of using the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (g/L) to interconvert red cell. and hemoglobin folate data. Folate concentrations in capillary (finger stick) and venous blood samples from 28 normal donors were similar (P > 0.87), correlating closely (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). Whole-blood samples (collected into K-2-EDTA-containing evacuated tubes) in field studies are best stored intact at 4 degrees C until they can be processed and frozen (-20 degrees C). Specific knowledge of blood folate stability is essential in planning and designing field studies. C1 BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV BOARD,DUBLIN,IRELAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP OBroin, SD (reprint author), ST JAMES HOSP,DEPT HAEMATOL,DUBLIN 8,IRELAND. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1398 EP 1405 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YH920 UT WOS:A1997YH92000016 PM 9394692 ER PT J AU Oakley, GP AF Oakley, GP TI Vitamin B-12 and folic acid supplementation - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP Oakley, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1479 EP 1480 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YH920 UT WOS:A1997YH92000031 ER PT J AU Goedert, JJ Erdman, DD Konkle, BA Torok, TJ Lederman, MM Kleinert, D Mandalaki, T Kessler, CM Anderson, LJ Luban, NLC AF Goedert, JJ Erdman, DD Konkle, BA Torok, TJ Lederman, MM Kleinert, D Mandalaki, T Kessler, CM Anderson, LJ Luban, NLC TI Parvovirus B19 quiescence during the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection in persons with hemophilia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parvovirus B19; human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS; hemophilia; polymerase chain reaction; prospective cohort study ID PCR AMPLIFICATION; AIDS; HIV; DNA AB To detect and characterize parvovirus B19 infection during the course of progressive immune deficiency from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ten subjects enrolled in the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study were followed for 6.4 to 15 years from HIV seroconversion through extreme immune deficiency. Four to five sera or plasma samples from each subject, collected at predetermined CD4(+) lymphocyte levels, were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) B19 antibodies and DNA, All 42 samples were positive for B19 IgG antibodies, and three were weakly positive for IgM antibodies, Only one sample, collected coincident with HIV seroconversion, was unequivocally positive for B19 DNA, No persistent hematologic adverse effects of B19 infection were observed, Thus, although B19 IgG antibodies are highly prevalent among HIV-infected persons with hemophilia or related disorders, B19 viremia and its hematologic consequences were not detected, even with severe depletion of CD4(+) lymphocytes. if primary B19 infection occurs after immune deficiency, however, the consequences may be more adverse. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,CARDEZA FDN HEMOPHILIA CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. UNIV ATHENS,LAIKON HOSP,ATHENS,GREECE. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV HOSP,WASHINGTON,DC. CHILDRENS HOSP NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-33002, N01-CP-33060] NR 16 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YJ514 UT WOS:A1997YJ51400009 PM 9395187 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Burnett, CA Lalich, NR Sestito, JP Halperin, WE AF Walker, JT Burnett, CA Lalich, NR Sestito, JP Halperin, WE TI Cancer mortality among laundry and dry cleaning workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dry cleaning solvents; dry cleaning industry; laundering industry; organic solvents; chlorinated-hydrocarbons; chlorinated ethylenes; tetrachloroethylene; women; mortality data; malignant neoplasms; carcinogenicity ID OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; DEATH CERTIFICATES; UNITED-STATES; INDUSTRY DATA; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; ACCURACY; SMOKING; ALCOHOL AB A cancer mortality study of 8,163 deaths occurring among persons formerly employed as laundering and dry cleaning workers in 28 states is described. Age-adjusted sex-race cause-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were computed for 1979 through 1990, using the corresponding 28-state mortality as the comparison. For those aged 15-64 years, there were excesses in black men for total cancer mortality (PMR = 130, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 105-159) and cancer of the esophagus 1 (PMR = 215, 95% CI = 111-376), and in white men for cancer of the larynx (PMR = 318, 95% Cl = 117-693). For those aged 65 years and over, there were statistically nonsignificant excesses for cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lungs in black women (PMR = 128, CI = 94-170) and for cancer of other and unspecified female genital organs in white women (PMR = 225, CI = 97-443). The results of this and other studies point to the need for the effective implementation of available control measures to protect laundry and dry cleaning workers. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), NIOSH,R-18,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199712)32:6<614::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-P PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YE138 UT WOS:A1997YE13800007 PM 9358918 ER PT J AU Grajewski, B Schnorr, TM Reefhuis, J Roeleveld, N Salvan, A Mueller, CA Conover, DL Murray, WE AF Grajewski, B Schnorr, TM Reefhuis, J Roeleveld, N Salvan, A Mueller, CA Conover, DL Murray, WE TI Work with video display terminals and the risk of reduced birthweight and preterm birth SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE computer terminals; electromagnetic fields; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; birthweight; infant; premature ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; OUTCOMES; SCREENS; DEFECTS; WOMEN AB To determine whether the use of video display terminals (VDTs) is associated with an increased risk of reduced birthweight (RBW) and preterm birth, a cohort of telephone operators who used VDTs at work was compared to a cohort of non-VDT-users. Among 2,430 women interviewed, 713 eligible singleton live births were reported. Exposure was estimated from company records and a representative sample of electromagnetic fields was measured at the VDT workstations, For RBW (less than or equal to 2,800 g), we found no excess risk associated with any VDT use during pregnancy (ends ratio [OR] = 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-1.7). For preterm birth (less than or equal to 37 weeks), we similarly found no excess risk (OR = 0.7: 95% CI = 0.4-1.1). The risks estimated did not change substantially when hours working with VDTs were used as exposure variables. By contrast, increased risks were found for several known risk factors for LBW and preterm birth. We conclude thar occupational VDT use does not increase the risk of RBW and preterm birth. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV GRONINGEN,DEPT MED GENET,GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV NIJMEGEN,DEPT MED INFORMAT EPIDEMIOL & STAT,NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. CNR,LADSEB,PADUA,ITALY. RP Grajewski, B (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008 OI Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199712)32:6<681::AID-AJIM16>3.3.CO;2-A PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YE138 UT WOS:A1997YE13800016 PM 9358927 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR Gaynes, RP Horan, TC Emori, TG Archibald, LK Fridkin, SK Richards, MJ Stroud, LA Culver, DH Edwards, JR Henderson, TS Tolson, JS Peavy, GE Abshire, JP AF Jarvis, WR Gaynes, RP Horan, TC Emori, TG Archibald, LK Fridkin, SK Richards, MJ Stroud, LA Culver, DH Edwards, JR Henderson, TS Tolson, JS Peavy, GE Abshire, JP TI National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Report, data summary from October 1986 April 1997, issued May 1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; STATES; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NISA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,NISA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YP221 UT WOS:000071254700007 ER PT J AU Breiman, RF Zanca, JA AF Breiman, RF Zanca, JA TI Of floors and ceilings - Defining, assuring, and communicating vaccine safety SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Breiman, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1919 EP 1920 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1919 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000002 PM 9431275 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Zaidi, AA Thomas, JC Nakashima, AK St Louis, ME Flock, ML Peterman, TA AF Kilmarx, PH Zaidi, AA Thomas, JC Nakashima, AK St Louis, ME Flock, ML Peterman, TA TI Sociodemographic factors and the variation in syphilis rates among US counties, 1984 through 1993: An ecological analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROSTITUTION; POPULATIONS; LOGIC AB Objectives. Syphilis: in the United States is focally distributed, with high incidence rates in the South and in metropolitan areas nationwide. In this study an ecological analysis, using-the county as the unit of analysis, was performed; to generate hypotheses about community-level determinants of syphilis rates. Methods. Bivariate rank correlations and multivariate, backward stepwise elimination linear regressions were performed. Mean annual incidence of primary- and secondary-stage syphilis in a county was the dependent variable, and county sociodemographic characteristics (from census data) were the independent variables. Results. In the multivariate recession model, sociodemographic characteristics accounted for 71% of the variation in syphilis rates among counties. With other factors accounted for, the most highly correlated characteristics were percentage non-Hispanic Black population, county location in the South, percentage of the population that was urban, percentage Hispanic population, and percentage of births to women younger than 20 years. Conclusions. Most of the variation in syphilis rates among counties is accounted for by sociodemographic characteristics. Identification and remediation of modifiable health determinants for which these factors are markers are needed to improve the health status of these populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun Off, NCHSTP, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Commun Off, NCHSTP, Div STD Prevent, MS E-06,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1937 EP 1943 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1937 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000007 PM 9431280 ER PT J AU Simonsen, L Clarke, MJ Williamson, GD Stroup, DF Arden, NH Schonberger, LB AF Simonsen, L Clarke, MJ Williamson, GD Stroup, DF Arden, NH Schonberger, LB TI The impact of influenza epidemics on mortality: Introducing a severity index SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EXCESS MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMONIA AB Objectives; The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of recent influenza epidemics on mortality in the United States and to develop an index for comparing the severity of individual epidemics. Methods. A cyclical regression model was applied to weekly national vital statistics from 1972 through 1992 to estimate excesses in pneumonia and influenza mortality and all-cause mortality for each influenza season. Each season was categorized on the basis of increments of 2000 pneumonia and influenza excess deaths, and each of these severity categories was correlated with a range of all-cause excess mortality. Results. Each of the 20 influenza seasons studied was associated with an average of 5600 pneumonia and influenza excess deaths (range, 0-11 800) and 21 300 all-cause excess deaths (range, 0-47 200). Most influenza A(H3N2) seasons fell into severity categories 4 to 6 (23 000-45 000 all-cause excess deaths), whereas most A(H1N1) and B seasons were ranked in categories 1 to 3 (0-23 000 such deaths). Conclusions. From 1972 through 1992, influenza epidemics accounted for a total of 426 000 deaths in the United States, many times more then those associated with recent pandemics. The influenza epidemic severity index was useful for categorizing severity and provided improved seasonal estimates of the total number of influenza-related deaths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Clarke, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS A-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 20 TC 358 Z9 374 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1944 EP 1950 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1944 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000008 PM 9431281 ER PT J AU MacDonald, JK Boase, J Stewart, LK Alexander, ER Solomon, SL Cordell, RL AF MacDonald, JK Boase, J Stewart, LK Alexander, ER Solomon, SL Cordell, RL TI Active and passive surveillance for communicable diseases in child care facilities, Seattle King county, Washington SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; SETTINGS; SYSTEM AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate models for public health-surveillance of illnesses among children in out-of-home child care facilities. Methods. Between July 1992 and March 1994, 200 Seattle-King County child care facilities participated in active or enhanced passive surveillance, or both. Reporting was based on easily recognized signs, symptoms, and sentinel events. Published criteria were used in evaluating surveillance effectiveness, and notifiable disease reporting Of participating and nonparticipating facilities was compared. Results. Neither surveillance model was well accepted by child care providers. Enhanced passive and active surveillance had comparable sensitivity. Reporting delays-and the large amount of time needed for data entry led to problems with timeliness, especially, in terms of written reporting during active surveillance. Conclusions. Widespread active public health surveillance in child cafe facilities is not feasible for most local health departments; Improvements in public health surveillance in child care settings will depend on acceptability to providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cordell, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1951 EP 1955 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1951 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000009 PM 9431282 ER PT J AU Carmichael, S Abrams, B Selvin, S AF Carmichael, S Abrams, B Selvin, S TI The pattern of maternal weight gain in women with good pregnancy outcomes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; WHITE WOMEN; INFANTS; HEIGHT AB Objectives. This study describes the pattern of maternal weight gain in women with good pregnancy outcomes and provides data to fill in the provisional weight-gain charts published by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1990. Methods. We selected 7002 women with good outcomes (defined by factors related to maternal and infant health) from the University of California, San Francisco, Perinatal Database. For each body mass index category, we compared percentiles of weight gain by trimester in women who achieved the IOM recommendations for total gain and those who did not, Results. Trimester rates of gain varied by body mass index category and exceeded IOM guidelines in all groups. Forty percent of these women with good outcomes had total gains within the guidelines and provided data to complete the IOM weight-gain charts. Conclusions. Most women in this good-outcome sample would have been suspected of being at increased risk for poor outcome on the basis of their weight gain, This confirms the IOM recommendation that evaluation of the underlying causes of excessively high or low weight gain during pregnancy is necessary before appropriate interventions can be applied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carmichael, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD27347-05] NR 19 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1984 EP 1988 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.1984 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000015 PM 9431288 ER PT J AU Sumartojo, EM Geiter, LJ Miller, B Hale, BE AF Sumartojo, EM Geiter, LJ Miller, B Hale, BE TI Can physicians treat tuberculosis? Report on a national survey of physician practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Researchers examined physicians' treatment strategies for tuberculosis to determine whether they would follow recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Thoracic Society. Methods. A national survey sampled 1772 physicians. Analyses tested correlates of recommended treatment regimens. Results. Among respondents, 59.4% described a recommended regimen. Specialists; physicians aware of professional publications, treatment recommendations, and reporting requirements; and those having more than 50% of patients in nursing homes were more likely to describe recommended regimens, Physicians who had been in practice longer, relied on personal experience, or had more than 50% of patients receiving Medicaid were less likely to describe recommended regimens. Conclusions. Physicians who treat tuberculosis require training and support. Policymakers should consider who should treat tuberculosis and how recommended practice should be ensured. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Macro Int Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sumartojo, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch E37, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2008 EP 2011 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.2008 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000019 PM 9431292 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Levine, AJ Sieber, K Schulte, P Aziz, D AF Steenland, K Levine, AJ Sieber, K Schulte, P Aziz, D TI Incidence of tuberculosis infection among New York State prison employees SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study examined tuberculosis skin test conversions among 24487 New York State prison employees in 1992. Methods. Conversions were analyzed by prison and by job category. Results. The conversion tate was 1.9%. Employees in prisons with low and high numbers of prisoner cases had odds ratios for conversion of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 2.19) and 2.20 (95% CI = 1.69, 2.87), respectively, relative to employees in prisons with no prisoner cases. In prisons with cases, guards and medical personnel had odds ratios of 1.64 (95% CI = 1.11, 2.43) and 2.39 (95% CI = 1.40, 4.08), respectively, relative to employees with little prisoner contact. Conclusions. In 1992, approximately one third of new infections among New York State prison employees were due to occupational exposure. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. New York State Dept Correct Serv, Albany, NY USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Mail Stop R13,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 7 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2012 EP 2014 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.2012 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000020 PM 9431293 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Wood, DL Sherbourne, CD AF Anderson, LM Wood, DL Sherbourne, CD TI Maternal acculturation and childhood immunization levels among children in Latino families in Los Angeles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; DELAYED IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH AB Objectives. This study examined the relationship between acculturation levels of poor Latina women in Los Angeles and their children's immunization status. Receipt of three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and two doses of oral polio vaccine by the age of 12 months was considered adequate immunization. Methods. Household interviews were conducted in East Los Angeles and South Central Los Angeles with mothers (n = 688) about one randomly selected child aged It to 36 months, Results. One fourth of the children were inadequately immunized. Less-acculturated mothers were more likely to have adequately immunized children. inadequate prenatal care, absence of close family members, the child's birth position as other than firstborn, and more than one family relocation during the child's lifetime were associated with inadequate immunization. Conclusions. The findings challenge the notion that children of recent immigrants bear a higher risk of underimmunization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Urban Res Ctr Program, Seattle, WA USA. Rand Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. Shriners Hosp Crippled Children, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), CDC, Urban Res Ctr, 993 3rd Ave,12th Floor, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2018 EP 2021 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.2018 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000022 PM 9431295 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Stoll, BJ Clarke, MJ Glass, RI AF Holman, RC Stoll, BJ Clarke, MJ Glass, RI TI The epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis infant mortality in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; EXPERIENCE AB Objectives, This study examined trends and risk factors for infant mortality associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in the United States. Methods. Necrotizing enterocolitis-associated deaths and infant mortality rates from 1979 through 1992 were determined by means of US multiple cause-of-death and linked birth/infant death data, Results. Annual necrotizing enterocolitis infant mortality rates decreased from 1979 through 1986 but increased thereafter and were lower during the 3-year period before (1983 through 1985; 11.5 per 100000 live births) the introduction of surfactants than after (1990 through 1992; 12.3 per 100 000). Low-birthweight singleton infants who were Black, male, or born to mothers younger than 17 had increased risk for necrotizing enterocolitis-associated death, Conclusions. As mortality among low-birthweight infants continues to decline and smaller newborns survive early causes of death, necrotizing enterocolitis-associated infant mortality may increase. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2026 EP 2031 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.2026 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000024 PM 9431297 ER PT J AU Herrington, JE Campbell, GL Bailey, RE Cartter, ML Adams, M Frazier, EL Damrow, TA Gensheimer, KF AF Herrington, JE Campbell, GL Bailey, RE Cartter, ML Adams, M Frazier, EL Damrow, TA Gensheimer, KF TI Predisposing factors for individuals' Lyme disease prevention practices: Connecticut, Maine, and Montana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS AB Objectives. This study examined factors that predispose individuals to protect against Lyme disease. Methods. Knowledge, attitude, and practice questions concerning Lyme disease prevention were included in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance surveys in Connecticut, Maine, and Montana. A total of 4246 persons were interviewed. Results. Perceived risk of acquiring Lyme disease, knowing anyone with Lyme disease, knowledge about Lyme disease, and believing Lyme disease to be a common problem were significantly associated with prevention practices. Conclusions. Predisposing factors differ substantially between states and appear related to disease incidence. Personal risk, knowing someone with Lyme disease, and cognizance about Lyme disease and acting on this information are consistent with social learning theories. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth & Addict Serv, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Montana State Dept Hlth & Environm Sci, Helena, MT USA. Maine Dept Human Serv, Augusta, ME USA. RP Herrington, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2035 EP 2038 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.2035 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000026 PM 9431299 ER PT J AU Tuttle, J Chen, RT Rantala, H Cherry, JD Rhodes, PH Hadler, S AF Tuttle, J Chen, RT Rantala, H Cherry, JD Rhodes, PH Hadler, S TI The risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome after tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines in adults and children in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives. This study examined whether there is a risk that tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines could cause Guillain-Barre-syndrome and, if so, how large the risk is. Methods. This study was based: on previous active surveillance epidemiological studies Of Guillain-Barre syndrome and vaccination history. Results. A background rate of 0.3 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome per million person-weeks has been estimated. By chance, 2.2 people With the syndrome would have received tetanus-toxoid containing vaccine within the 6 weeks before onset, yet only I person had done so. Data on children show similar results. Conclusions. If an association exists, it must be extremely rare and not of public health significance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Pediat, SF-90100 Oulu, Finland. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2045 EP 2048 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.12.2045 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP420 UT WOS:000071275000029 PM 9431302 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, M Proebster, B Kinney, RM Kaaden, OR AF Pfeffer, M Proebster, B Kinney, RM Kaaden, OR TI Genus-specific detection of alphaviruses by a semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ROSS-RIVER-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRAIN TC-83; GENOMIC RNA; ONE-TUBE; RT-PCR; EASTERN AB A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was developed for the genus-specific detection of alphaviruses. Based on the available published sequences, degenerate primers were designed to ensure hybridization to a conserved region within the nonstructural protein 1 gene of all alphavirus species. The expected 434-basepair (bp) cDNA fragment was amplified from all 27 alphavirus species by using RNA extracted from 200 IJ 1 of infected cell culture supernatant. In addition, eight strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus and 10 strains of Sindbis virus were amplified. The viral origin of the amplicons was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and comparison with the expected cleavage pattern based on published sequence data. The PCR products of alphavirus species with thus far unknown nucleotide composition were sequenced. About 120 nucleotides downstream of the forward primer, a region showing sufficient homology for the design of another forward primer was found and used in a semi-nested PCR. The expected 310-bp semi-nested fragment was demonstrated for all viruses investigated. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR was about 1,200 plaque-forming units (PFU) for VEE virus reference strain Trinidad donkey. The detection limit after the semi-nested PCR was 1.2 PFU. The sensitivity was not hampered by the presence of human serum, thus making this test suitable for an application in viremic individuals. Chikungunya virus RNA was amplified from infected mouse brain tissue by the described RT-PCR assay. Our data suggest that the semi-nested RT-PCR may be applied as a highly sensitive alternative to virus isolation in the rapid screening and diagnosis of alphavirus infections, including post-mortem diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis of the amplicon sequence data identified six genotypes within the Alphavirus genus. C1 Univ Munich, Fac Vet, Inst Med Microbiol Infect & Epidem Dis, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Pfeffer, M (reprint author), Univ Munich, Fac Vet, Inst Med Microbiol Infect & Epidem Dis, Vet Str 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany. NR 34 TC 71 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 57 IS 6 BP 709 EP 718 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YQ731 UT WOS:000071417600017 PM 9430533 ER PT J AU Martin, R Wilcox, KR AF Martin, R Wilcox, KR TI Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 765, 1997) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint RP Martin, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1641 EP 1641 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YL301 UT WOS:A1997YL30100030 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Valdivieso, E Quintana, A Frias, M Ramirez, T AF Guarner, J Valdivieso, E Quintana, A Frias, M Ramirez, T TI CA 15.3 in breast cancer: Comparison of two assays and validation in a Mexican population SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Pathologist CY OCT 24-26, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Clin Pathologist DE tumor marker; breast cancer; Ca 15.3 ID MARKERS; MCA; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; CA-15.3; TPA AB Ca 15.3 is a tumor marker used for breast carcinoma, since one epitope is an antigen present in milk fat globules. Serum from 171 patients with breast cancer upon initial presentation was studied for Ga 15.3. In the first 72 cases, the authors: compared RIA vs. ELISA using a simple linear regression. On the following 99, only ELISA was performed. With all 171 patients, a clinical association between Ca 15.3 measurement and age, stage and hormone receptors was carried out. Correlation coefficient between RIA and ELISA was 0.85. Of 104 patients below 50 years of age, 88 had normal Ca 15.3 and 16, elevated; 69 were older than 50 years, 46 had normal Ca 15.3 and 21, elevated (p=0.022). Ca 15.3 was elevated in 11% of patients with clinical stages I/II, and 89% in stages III/IV (p=0.0001). The association off Ca 15.3 with hormone receptors was not significant. In conclusion, ELISA and RIA measure Ca 15.3 with comparable results, the first method has the advantage of not using radioactivity. The authors found higher probability of elevated Ca 15.3 in older patients and in those with advanced disease. C1 Inst Nacl Cancerol, Div Ancillary Diagnost Serv, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Clin Lab, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Dept Clin Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Dept Breast Tumors, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop D 17,1660 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0188-0128 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 4 BP 523 EP 526 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA YP228 UT WOS:000071255400009 PM 9428577 ER PT J AU Gongora-Biachi, RA Lal, RB Rudolph, DL Castro-Sansores, C Gonzalez-Martinez, P Pavia-Ruz, N AF Gongora-Biachi, RA Lal, RB Rudolph, DL Castro-Sansores, C Gonzalez-Martinez, P Pavia-Ruz, N TI Low prevalence of HTLV-II in Mayan Indians in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico SO ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HTLV-II; Amerindians; Mayan ethnos ID VIRUS TYPE-II; KAYAPO INDIANS; CELL LEUKEMIA; DRUG-USERS; INFECTION; POPULATION; BRAZIL; TRANSMISSION; ENDEMICITY; ANTIBODY AB Infection with HTLV-II is endemic in Amerindians, with prevalence ranging from 0.89% - 33%. To determine the prevalence of HTLV-II among indigenous Mayans in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 440 indigenous Mayans were recruited, all native to and residents of one of six Mayan communities in the Yucatan Peninsula, (Xohuayan n=144, Yaxachen n=101, Kanxoc n=84, Xocen n=40 Nabalan n=46 and X'calot n=25) between May, 1992 and June, 1993. All of the above are pre-Hispanic settlements located in tropical forest with no immigrations for over 50 years. Of the 440 indigenous Mayans, only one woman from the X'calot tribe (0.23%) was shown to be infected with HTLV-II. A high percentage of indeterminate results was found (22/439, 5%), three of which were accounted for by the husband and two children of the positive female case. PCR analysis followed by specific restriction digestion demonstrated the virus to be of the HTLV-IIb subtype, similar to that described in the Guaymi Indians from Panama. The presence of HTLV-TI in the Mayan ethnos, and in other Amerindian populations supports the idea that HTLV-IP is an ancestral virus in America and that it has been sustained in "closed" communities. C1 Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gongora-Biachi, RA (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Ave Itzaes X 59,490, Merida 97000, Yucatan, Mexico. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0188-0128 J9 ARCH MED RES JI Arch. Med. Res. PD WIN PY 1997 VL 28 IS 4 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA YP228 UT WOS:000071255400015 PM 9428583 ER PT J AU Bernert, JT Turner, WE Pirkle, JL Sosnoff, CS Akins, JR Waldrep, MK Ann, Q Covey, TR Whitfield, WE Gunter, EW Miller, BB Patterson, DG Needham, LL Hannon, WH Sampson, EJ AF Bernert, JT Turner, WE Pirkle, JL Sosnoff, CS Akins, JR Waldrep, MK Ann, Q Covey, TR Whitfield, WE Gunter, EW Miller, BB Patterson, DG Needham, LL Hannon, WH Sampson, EJ TI Development and validation of sensitive method for determination of serum cotinine in smokers and nonsmokers by liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th AACC Annual Meeting CY JUL, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BODY-FLUIDS; NICOTINE; PLASMA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; EXPOSURE AB We describe a sensitive and specific method for measuring cotinine in serum by HPLC coupled to an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometer. This method can analyze 100 samples/day on a routine basis, and its limit of detection of 50 ng/L makes it applicable to the analysis of samples from nonsmokers potentially exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Analytical accuracy has been demonstrated from the analysis of NIST cotinine standards and from comparative analyses by both the current method and gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Precision has been examined through the repetitive analysis of a series of bench and blind QC materials. This method has been applied to the analysis of cotinine ia serum samples collected as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. PE Sciex, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada. RP Bernert, JT (reprint author), CDC, CHam 17-2424 F-19,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 43 TC 237 Z9 240 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2281 EP 2291 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA YN107 UT WOS:000071133800010 PM 9439445 ER PT J AU Bachorik, PS Lovejoy, KL Carroll, MD Johnson, CL AF Bachorik, PS Lovejoy, KL Carroll, MD Johnson, CL TI Apolipoprotein B and Al distributions in the United States, 1988-1991: results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; COMMERCIAL IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC ASSAY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; HUMAN-PLASMA; RISK-FACTORS; RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION; DISCRIMINATIVE VALUES; REFERENCE INTERVALS AB Serum apolipoproteins (apo) B and AI were measured in a probability sample of the noninstitutionalized US civilian population, ages greater than or equal to 4 years, which included non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans. Apo B concentrations were the same in males and females, lower in black males than in other males, low in childhood (similar to 0.80 g/L) and increasing to similar to 1.2 g/L in adults, and higher in younger women on hormones. Apo AI was higher in females than males, higher in blacks than in others, remained constant from childhood to adulthood (similar to 1.35 g/L) in males, but increased with age (similar to 1.30 g/L to similar to 1.55 g/L) in females, and was higher in women taking hormones. These are the first national probability estimates of apo B and apo AI in the US and are referable to the WHO-IFCC First International Reference Materials for apo AI and B. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. RP Bachorik, PS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Hosp, Blalock 1379,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 47212, N01 HV78102] NR 70 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2364 EP 2378 PG 15 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA YN107 UT WOS:000071133800021 PM 9439456 ER PT J AU Gambino, R Desvarieux, E Orth, M Matan, H Ackattupathil, T Lijoi, E Wimmer, C Bower, J Gunter, E AF Gambino, R Desvarieux, E Orth, M Matan, H Ackattupathil, T Lijoi, E Wimmer, C Bower, J Gunter, E TI The relation between chemically measured total iron-binding capacity concentrations and immunologically measured transferrin concentrations in human serum SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SATURATION; PLASMA AB We sought to determine if serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is equivalent to serum transferrin (TRF) so that a low-cost colorimetric chemical assay for unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) could be substituted for a high-cost immunologic assay for TRF. Our study design included independent and blinded measurements of UIBC, serum iron, and TRF concentrations in human serum samples. Data from five independent correlation studies carried out at three different Quest Diagnostics laboratories were combined into one data set containing 570 paired results for TIBC and TRF. r(2) was 0.941 when three outliers were eliminated from the 570-sample data set. Scatter about the regression line was fully accounted for by the CVs for the TIBC and TRF assays. When each test is measured precisely and without bias, the ratio of TIBC (mu mol/L) to TRF (g/L) in SI units is close to the theoretically expected value of 25.0. C1 Quest Diagnost Inc, Teterboro, NJ 07608 USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Horsham, PA 19044 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gambino, R (reprint author), Quest Diagnost Inc, 1 Malcolm Ave, Teterboro, NJ 07608 USA. NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2408 EP 2412 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA YN107 UT WOS:000071133800027 PM 9439462 ER PT J AU Denney, CF Iragui, VJ Uber-Zak, LD Karpinski, NC Ziegler, EJ Visvesvara, GS Reed, SL AF Denney, CF Iragui, VJ Uber-Zak, LD Karpinski, NC Ziegler, EJ Visvesvara, GS Reed, SL TI Amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris: Case report and review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; ACANTHAMOEBA; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS; HUMANS; AGENT; NAEGLERIA; ANIMALS AB Balamuthia mandrillaris, formerly referred to as a leptomyxid ameba, is a free-living ameba that has recently been identified as a cause of meningoencephalitis. Previously, only two genera, Naegleria and Acanthamoeba, were recognized as causes of central nervous system (CNS) infections in humans. In contrast to Naegleria, Balamuthia causes a subacute to-chronic infection of the CNS. Distinct from Acanthamoeba, which appears to favor the immunocompromised host, Balamuthia is capable of infecting both healthy and immunosuppressed hosts. Retrospective analyses as well as an accumulation of newly identified cases have demonstrated that this ameba is an increasingly important pathogen to recognize. We report the isolation, histopathologic features, and confirmation by indirect immunofluorescence of B. mandrillaris in a case of fatal amebic meningoencephalitis. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Denney, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1354 EP 1358 DI 10.1086/516141 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YN170 UT WOS:000071140100013 PM 9431377 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS Joseph, S Ebrahimzadeh, A Frieden, TR AF Munsiff, SS Joseph, S Ebrahimzadeh, A Frieden, TR TI Rifampin-monoresistant tuberculosis in New York City, 1993-1994 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG; CHEMOTHERAPY AB All New York City patients whose cultures yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis with isolated resistance to rifampin in 1993 and 1994 were included in this study. Of the 96 patients, 48 (50%) had primary resistance, 32 (33%) had acquired resistance, and 16 (17%) had unclassified resistance; 66% had histories of illicit drug use, and 79% were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The median time to emergence of resistance was 40 weeks among the 32 patients with acquired resistance. Each of the HIV-infected patients with acquired resistance (cases, n = 29) was matched to two HIV-infected patients who had disease due to fully susceptible M. tuberculosis (controls, n = 58). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with the emergence of rifampin resistance were as follows: a sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli, advanced immunosuppression, and nonadherence to therapy. C1 Bureau TB Control, City New York Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), Bureau TB Control, City New York Dept Hlth, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 7 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1465 EP 1467 DI 10.1086/516146 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YN170 UT WOS:000071140100032 PM 9431396 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F AF Vinicor, F TI Hypatia: Change, limits, and interconnectedness SO DIABETES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYSICIANS; MEDICINE; NEED RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD DEC PY 1997 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1923 EP 1927 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YH805 UT WOS:A1997YH80500001 PM 9392475 ER PT J AU Harris, MI Eastman, RC Cowie, CC Flegal, KM Eberhardt, MS AF Harris, MI Eastman, RC Cowie, CC Flegal, KM Eberhardt, MS TI Comparison of diabetes diagnostic categories in the US population according to 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1980-1985 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INSULIN; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - To compare the 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the 1980-1985 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria in categorization of the diabetes diagnostic status of adults in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Analyses are based on a probability sample of the U.S. population age 40-74 years in the 1988-1994 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Sun ey (NHANES III). People with diabetes diagnosed before the survey were identified by questionnaire. For 2,844 people without diagnosed diabetes, fasting plasma glucose was obtained after an overnight 9 to <24-h fast, HbA(1c) was measured, and a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test was administered. RESULTS - Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in this age-group is 7.9%. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes is 4.4% by ADA criteria and 6.4% by WHO criteria. The net change of -2.0% occurs because 1.0% are classified as having undiagnosed diabetes by ADA criteria but have impaired or normal glucose tolerance by WHO criteria, and 3.0% are classified as having impaired lasting glucose or normal fasting glucose by ADA criteria but have undiagnosed diabe res by WHO criteria. Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose is 10.1% (ADA), compared with 15.6% for impaired glucose tolerance (WHO). For those with undiagnosed diabetes by ADA criteria, 62.1% are above the normal range for HbA(1c) compared with 47.1% by WHO criteria. Mean HbA(1c) is 7.07% for undiagnosed diabetes by ADA criteria and 6.58% by WHO criteria. CONCLUSIONS - The number of people with undiagnosed diabetes by ADX criteria is lower than that by WHO criteria. However, those individuals classified by ADA criteria are more hyperglycemic, with higher HbA(1c) values and a greater proportion of values above the normal range. This fact, together with the simplicity of obtaining a fasting plasma glucose value, may result in the detection of a greater proportion of people with undiagnosed diabetes in clinical practice using the new ADA diagnostic criteria. C1 NIDDKD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 18 TC 225 Z9 229 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1859 EP 1862 DI 10.2337/diacare.20.12.1859 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YH359 UT WOS:A1997YH35900011 PM 9405907 ER PT J AU Noji, EK Toole, MJ AF Noji, EK Toole, MJ TI The historical development of public health responses to disasters SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; EARTHQUAKE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; REFUGEES; INJURIES AB The first of a series of state-of-the-art reviews commissioned to mark Disasters' 21st anniversary, this paper considers key publications on public health aspects of natural disasters, refugee emergencies and complex humanitarian disasters over the past twenty-odd years. The literature is reviewed and important signposts highlighted showing how the field has developed. This expanding body of epidemiological research has provided a basis for increasingly effective prevention and intervention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Noji, EK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Program, CDC, Mailstop F-48,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 366 EP 376 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00068 PG 11 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA YP438 UT WOS:000071276800006 PM 9455008 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Moorman, W Mathias, PI Fultz, C Witzmann, F AF Toraason, M Moorman, W Mathias, PI Fultz, C Witzmann, F TI Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of myocardial proteins from lead-exposed rabbits SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; lead toxicity; rabbit myocardium ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN HEART; EXPRESSION; DATABASE; RATS AB Despite reported adverse effects, the cardiovascular toxicity of lead remains controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine if low-level subchronic exposure of rabbits to lead would produce detectable, concentration-dependent changes in myocardial proteins. Lend was administered to male Dutch Belted rabbits as a lead acetate solution, adjusted weekly to achieve and maintain the target blood lead levels of 0, 20, 30, and 80 mu g/dL for 15 weeks. Lead exposures did not affect heart or body weights. Myocardial concentrations of lead at sacrifice were 58 +/- 25, 69 +/- 23, 102 +/- 62, and 105 +/- 37 ng/g. Of 808 individual proteins resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in ventricular homogenates, 162 had coefficients of variation < 20%. A number of proteins were tentatively identified based on coordinate positions homologous to other established 2-DE patterns. Despite variable expression of some protein spots, none of the protein abundances analyzed were found to be significantly altered (P < 0.001) by the lead exposures studied. Therefore results show no detectable effect of a low-body burden of lead on major myocardial proteins of the rabbit. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, Columbus, IN 47203 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Witzmann, F (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Mol Anat Lab, 4601 Cent Ave, Columbus, IN 47203 USA. EM fwitzman@iupui.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 15 BP 2978 EP 2982 DI 10.1002/elps.1150181540 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YW557 UT WOS:000071948300039 PM 9504838 ER PT J AU Tilden, J Hanrahan, LP Anderson, H Palit, C Olson, J MacKenzie, W AF Tilden, J Hanrahan, LP Anderson, H Palit, C Olson, J MacKenzie, W CA Great Lakes Sport Fish Consortium TI Health advisories for consumers of Great Lakes sport fish: Is the message being received? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE compliance; Great Lakes; health advisories; Illinois; Indiana; Michigan; Minnesota; New York; Ohio; PCBs; population-based random-digit-dial survey; risk communication; sport fish consumption; Wisconsin ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; CONSUMPTION; CONTAMINANTS; WISCONSIN; SERUM; RISKS; OIL; PCB AB Nationwide, 45 states issue health advisories for sport fish consumers. Chemical contaminants in some Great Lakes (GL) sport fish include compounds suspected of causing adverse reproductive and developmental effects, Although advisories to reduce consumption of contaminated fish, especially by women, have been issued by GL states (i.e., Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) since the mid-1970s, little is known about advisory awareness and GL sport fish consumption in the general population. To estimate the prevalence of GL sport fish consumption and health advisory awareness, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of 8,306 adult residents of the eight GL states. We gathered information concerning respondents' demographic characteristics, fish consumption during the preceding year, and sport fish consumption advisory awareness. The survey response rate was 69%. GL sport fish were eaten during the preceding year by 8.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.6-9.2] of adults in the GL states, approximately 4.7 million persons. Women accounted for 43.9% (CI, 39.4-48.4) of consumers, Although 49.9% of GL sport fish consumers were aware of a health advisory, awareness varied significantly by sex: 58.2% (CI, 51.7-64.7) of males and 39.1% (CI, 32.6-45.6) of females were aware. Using logistic regression, we found awareness associated with male sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI, 1.5-3.5), white race (OR = 4.2; CI, 1.9-9.1), college degree (OR = 3.1; CI, 1.3-7.6), and consuming greater than or equal to 24 GL sport fish meals/year (OR = 2.4; CI, 1.4-4.3). Only half of GL sport fish consumers reported awareness of a health advisory concerning earing GL sport fish. Awareness was especially low among women, suggesting the need of targeted risk communication programs for female consumers. C1 Wisconsin Div Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Survey Res Lab, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Hanrahan, LP (reprint author), Wisconsin Div Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, Room 138,1414 E Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703 USA. FU PHS HHS [75/ATH598322-03] NR 43 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 105 IS 12 BP 1360 EP 1365 DI 10.1289/ehp.971051360 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZE681 UT WOS:000072819500020 PM 9405330 ER PT J AU Haim, M Efrat, M Wilson, M Schantz, PM Cohen, D Shemer, J AF Haim, M Efrat, M Wilson, M Schantz, PM Cohen, D Shemer, J TI An outbreak of Trichinella spiralis infection in southern Lebanon SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID TRICHINOSIS AB An outbreak of trichinosis occurred during January 1995 in a south Lebanese village with a population of 800-1000 persons. The estimated number of persons treated for a Trichinella-like illness was 200. Sixty-three persons sought medical attention at a local infirmary: 44 of them were diagnosed as having trichinosis or suspected trichinosis according to their clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory tests. An environmental investigation indicated that the source of infection was pork obtained from a single butcher in the village and consumed uncooked, as an ingredient of 'kubeniye' (a local dish), during Christmas and New Year's meals. Sera of patients, suspected patients, and asymptomatic controls were tested for the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies. Eight (89%) of the 9 tested patients were positive, 1 (11%) was negative. Among the 7 suspected patients, 2 (28.5%) were positive, 3 (42.9%) had equivocal results, and 2 (28.5%) were negative. Among the 20 asymptomatic persons, 3 (15%) were positive, 12 (60%) negative and 5 (25%) had equivocal results. Specimens from the implicated pork meat were examined by microscopy and were found to contain encysted larvae of Trichinella spiralis. This outbreak of trichinosis is one of the largest reported. Previous outbreaks in Lebanon occurred under very similar circumstances, indicating a need to control and prevent the trading of pork meat that is not under veterinary control, and to increase the awareness of the population for this problem. C1 Israel Defense Forces, Med Corps, Army Hlth Branch Res Unit, Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Med, Haifa, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Carmel Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Haifa, Israel. RP Haim, M (reprint author), Israel Defense Forces, Med Corps, Army Hlth Branch Res Unit, Mil Post 02149, Haifa, Israel. RI Haim, Moti/K-7381-2014 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1017/S0950268897007875 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YN990 UT WOS:000071230300011 PM 9440440 ER PT J AU Trevathan, E Murphy, CC YearginAllsopp, M AF Trevathan, E Murphy, CC YearginAllsopp, M TI Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome among Atlanta children SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; seizures; childhood epilepsy; electroencephalography; mental retardation; Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; epidemiology; prevalence ID CHILDHOOD EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; SLOW SPIKE-WAVE; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; CLINICAL-FEATURES; INFANTILE SPASMS; EPILEPSIES; CLASSIFICATION; SEIZURES AB Purpose: To determine the prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) among metropolitan Atlanta children. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of LGS as part of the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study (MADDS) using a multiple-source surveillance system for epilepsy and developmental disabilities. Children were defined as having LGS if they had onset of multiple seizure types before age 11 years, with at least one seizure type resulting in falls, and an EEG demonstrating slow spike-wave complexes (<2.5 Hz). Mental retardation (MR) was not used as a diagnostic criterion. Results: The lifetime prevalence of LGS at age 10 years was 0.26/1,000. Ninety-one percent of those with LGS had MR (IQ less than or equal to 70), and 39% had a history of infantile spasms (IS). A comparison of children with LGS and those with multiple seizure types without slow spike-wave complexes demonstrated that those with LGS were more likely to have MR, history of IS, and multiple disabilities (MR, cerebral palsy, blindness, hearing impairment). Seventeen percent of all children in Atlanta with profound MR (IQ < 20) had LGS. Conclusions: LGS accounts for only 4% of all childhood epilepsy, yet is a significant contributor to childhood morbidity. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL MED,COMPREHENS EPILEPSY CTR,DEPT NEUROL,LEXINGTON,KY. UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL MED,COMPREHENS EPILEPSY CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,LEXINGTON,KY. UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL MED,INST NEUROSCI,LEXINGTON,KY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 41 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD DEC PY 1997 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1283 EP 1288 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb00065.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YK455 UT WOS:A1997YK45500005 PM 9578523 ER PT J AU Besansky, NJ Lehmann, T Fahey, GT Fontenille, D Braack, LEO Hawley, WA Collins, FH AF Besansky, NJ Lehmann, T Fahey, GT Fontenille, D Braack, LEO Hawley, WA Collins, FH TI Patterns of mitochondrial variation within and between African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An-arabiensis, suggest extensive gene flow SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; WEST-AFRICA; CHROMOSOMAL INVERSION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; COMPLEX; CULICIDAE; EVOLUTION; DIPTERA; DIFFERENTIATION AB Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis are mosquito species responsible for most malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. They are also closely related sibling species that share chromosomal and molecular polymorphisms as a consequence of incomplete lineage sorting or introgressive hybridization. To help resolve these processes, this study examined the partitioning of mtDNA sequence variation within and between species across Africa, from both population genetic and phylogeographic perspectives. Based on partial gene sequences from the cytochrome b, ND1 and ND5 genes, haplotype diversity was high but sequences were very closely related. Within species, little or no population subdivision was detected, and there was no evidence for isolation by distance. Between species, there were no fixed nucleotide differences, a high proportion of shared polymorphisms, and eight haplotypes in common over distances as great as 6000 km. Only one of 16 shared polymorphisms led to an amino acid difference, and there was no compelling evidence for nonneutral variation. Parsimony networks constructed of haplotypes from both species revealed no correspondence of haplotype with either geography or taxonomy. This trend of low intraspecific genetic divergence is consistent with evidence from allozyme and microsatellite data and is interpreted in terms of both extensive gene flow and recent range expansion from relatively large, stable populations. We argue that retention of ancestral polymorphisms is a plausible but insufficient explanation for low interspecific genetic divergence, and that extensive hybridization is a contributing factor. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. INST PASTEUR,LAB ORSTOM ZOOL MED,DAKAR,SENEGAL. KRUGER NATL PK,SKUKUZA,SOUTH AFRICA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. RI FONTENILLE, didier/G-4091-2013 NR 68 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 12 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1997 VL 147 IS 4 BP 1817 EP 1828 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YK654 UT WOS:A1997YK65400024 PM 9409838 ER PT J AU Shay, DK Fann, LM Jarvis, WR AF Shay, DK Fann, LM Jarvis, WR CA Ctr Dis Control Prevent TI Respiratory distress and sudden death associated with receipt of a peripheral parenteral nutrition admixture SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America CY APR 02-04, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer ID CALCIUM; COMPLICATION; OCCLUSION; INFANTS AB OBJECTIVE: To detect respiratory adverse reactions potentially related to receipt of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) in hospitalized patients and to determine risk factors for their occurrence. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Federal tertiary-care hospital. PATIENTS: Medical and pharmacy records of all patients who received PPN from October 1992 to February 1994 were abstracted for demographics, diagnoses, medications received, indications for and formulation of PPN, and severity of illness as measured by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. RESULTS: A case-patient was defined as any patient who, while receiving PPN, had unexplained chest pain, dyspnea, cardiopulmonary arrest, or new interstitial infiltrates on chest radiograph, Patients who received PPN in which FreAmine was the amino acid source were more likely than those who received PPN made with Travasol to meet the case definition (5/11 vs 0/39; relative risk, >18; 95% confidence interval, 3.3->136; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A change in the amino acid source of a PPN admixture was associated with respiratory adverse events that ranged from interstitial infiltrates to sudden death. These events apparently resulted from the infusion of a calcium phosphate precipitate in an opaque admixture. Each new PPN admixture should be tested for stability before clinical use and infused into patients through an appropriate filter (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:814-817). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 18 IS 12 BP 814 EP 817 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YQ306 UT WOS:000071372100004 PM 9442405 ER PT J AU Gaynes, R AF Gaynes, R TI The impact of antimicrobial use on the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospitals SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SURVEILLANCE; STATES; INFECTION; ORGANISMS; USAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Abundant evidence suggests a relationship between antimicrobial resistance and use, including animal models, consistent associations between resistance and antimicrobial use in hospitals, concomitant variation in resistance as antimicrobial use varies, and a dose-response relationship for many pathogen/antimicrobial combinations. Much of the evidence is from studies performed in single hospitals. Most multicenter studies on resistance have not included data on antimicrobial usage. Despite this substantial body of evidence, some studies have not demonstrated an association between antimicrobial resistance and use, suggesting other contributing factors such as cross transmission, interhospital transfer of resistance, a community contribution to resistance, or a complex relationship between resistance and the use of a variety of antimicrobials. Understanding the problem of antimicrobial resistance in a hospital cannot be achieved without knowledge of the hospital's pattern of antimicrobial use. RP Gaynes, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT SURVEILLANCE ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 757 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70388-3 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YK045 UT WOS:A1997YK04500002 PM 9421698 ER PT J AU Sahm, DF Tenover, FC AF Sahm, DF Tenover, FC TI Surveillance for the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ENTEROCOCCI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SYSTEM AB Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among clinically relevant bacteria provides important data that can be used to modify recommendations regarding empiric therapy for many infectious diseases. In the laboratory, suweillance must involve careful review of the susceptibility results generated not only to validate the data as required for optimal patient care but to detect the presence of novel and emerging resistance patterns. The data from the laboratory must be accurate because it serves as the basis for surveillance of resistance at the local, state, national, and international levels. There are a number of surveillance systems conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state health departments, academic centers, and the pharmaceutical industry that gather data on resistant organisms in the United States and around the world. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Sahm, DF (reprint author), MRL PHARMACEUT SERV INC,11921 FREEDOM DR,SUITE 400,RESTON,VA 20190, USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 767 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70389-5 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YK045 UT WOS:A1997YK04500003 PM 9421699 ER PT J AU Barat, LM Bloland, PB AF Barat, LM Bloland, PB TI Drug resistance among malaria and other parasites SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; VIVAX MALARIA; EAST-AFRICA; P-OVALE; MEFLOQUINE; CHLOROQUINE; PYRIMETHAMINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; ARTESUNATE AB Recent decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of parasites resistant to standard drug therapies, particularly malaria. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has now spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to other antimalarial drugs, including mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, have become significant problems in some parts of Southeast Asia and South America. Chloroquine-resistant P. vivax is well established in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia and has been reported in other areas. Trichomonas and Giardia infections resistant to metronidazole have also been documented. This article reviews the current status of drug resistance among parasites, particularly malaria, and offers strategies for managing patients with these infections. RP Barat, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MALARIA EPIDEMIOL SECT,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 52 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 969 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70400-1 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YK045 UT WOS:A1997YK04500014 PM 9421710 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC McGowan, JE AF Tenover, FC McGowan, JE TI Antimicrobial resistance - Preface SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP G-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP R13 EP R15 DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70387-1 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YK045 UT WOS:A1997YK04500001 ER PT J AU Cornel, AJ Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS Howells, AJ Collins, FH AF Cornel, AJ Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS Howells, AJ Collins, FH TI Transient expression of the Drosophila melanogaster cinnabar gene rescues eye color in the white eye (WE) strain of Aedes aegypti SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; transient expression; cinnabar gene ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; TRANSFORMATION AB The lack of eye pigment in the Aedes aegypti WE (white eye) colony was confirmed to be due to a mutation in the kynurenine hydroxylase gene, which catalyzes one of the steps in the metabolic synthesis of ommochrome eye pigments. Partial restoration of eye color (orange to red phenotype) in pupae and adults occurred in both sexes when first or second instar larvae were reared in water containing 3-hydroxykynurenine, the metabolic product of the enzyme kynurenine hydroxylase, No eye color restoration was observed when larvae were reared in water containing kynurenine sulfate, the precursor of 3-hydroxykynurenine in the ommochrome synthesis pathway, In addition, a plasmid clone containing the wild type Drosophila melanogaster gene encoding kynurenine hydroxylase, cinnabar (cn), was also able to complement the kynurenine hydroxylase mutation when it was injected into embryos of the A. aegypti WE strain, The ability to complement this A. aegypti mutant with the transiently expressed D. melanogaster cinnabar gene supports the value of this gene as a transformation reporter for use with A, aegypti WE and possibly other Diptera with null mutations in the kynurenine hydroxylase gene. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Collins, FH (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 12 BP 993 EP 997 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00084-2 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA ZB824 UT WOS:000072511700001 PM 9569641 ER PT J AU Agocs, MM White, MC Ursicz, G Olson, DR Vamos, A AF Agocs, MM White, MC Ursicz, G Olson, DR Vamos, A TI A longitudinal study of ambient air pollutants and the lung peak expiratory flow rates among asthmatic children in Hungary SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE asthma; children; peak expiratory flow rate; air pollutants; sulphur dioxide; particulate matter ID RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; UNITED-STATES; POLLUTION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; PATTERNS; DISEASE; TRENDS AB Background. We conducted this study in Budapest, Hungary, to better characterize the effects of exposure to ambient air pollutants on the lung function of asthmatic children. Methods. The 60 study participants were 9-14 years old, had physician-diagnosed asthma, and were symptomatic during the previous year. Their ambient air pollutant exposures to total suspended particulates (TSP) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were estimated from measurements made at the air monitor nearest their residence. We used analysis of variance and a fixed-effects model to assess the impact of the pollutants upon their morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) from 13 September to 5 December 1993. Results. Total suspended particulates and SO2 concentrations exceeded World Health Organization guideline limits on several days. Pollutant concentrations and PEFR increased during the study period. After adjusting for temperature, humidity, weekend/weekday, and the time trend, we found no consistent association between air pollutant concentrations and PEFR. Conclusions. Fall to winter seasonal changes had a large influence on PEFR and may have overshadowed the effects of the air pollutants during the study period. Seasonal influences should be carefully considered when planning future studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Budapest Inst Publ Hlth & Med Officer Serv, Dept Child & Adolescent Hlth, Budapest, Hungary. Budapest Inst Publ Hlth & Med Officer Serv, Dept Community & Environm Hyg, Budapest, Hungary. RP Agocs, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 200 Independence Ave SW,HHH Bldg,Rm 714B, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1272 EP 1280 DI 10.1093/ije/26.6.1272 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YP308 UT WOS:000071263900017 PM 9447407 ER PT J AU Vickers, A Cassileth, B Ernst, E Fisher, P Goldman, P Jonas, W Kang, SK Lewith, G Schulz, K Silagy, C AF Vickers, A Cassileth, B Ernst, E Fisher, P Goldman, P Jonas, W Kang, SK Lewith, G Schulz, K Silagy, C TI How should we research unconventional therapies? A panel report from the conference on complementary and alternative medicine research methodology, national institutes of health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; CANCER-CHEMOTHERAPY; ATOPIC ECZEMA; ACUPUNCTURE; ACUPRESSURE; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; BACK AB Research in unconventional medicine requires a number of different questions to build up a ''mosaic'' of evidence. Choice of research design depends on the question being asked and is independent of the therapy under investigation. Despite the doubts of some practitioners, randomized trials are of value for determining certain questions in alternative medicine. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV EXETER,CTR COMPLEMENTARY HLTH STUDIES,EXETER EX2 4NT,DEVON,ENGLAND. ROYAL LONDON HOMEOPATH HOSP,LONDON WC1N 3HR,ENGLAND. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. NIH,OFF ALTERNAT MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. KYUNG HEE UNIV,COLL ORIENTAL MED,TONGDAEMUN KU,SEOUL 130702,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,SOUTHAMPTON SO16 6YD,HANTS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLINDERS UNIV S AUSTRALIA,DEPT GEN PRACTICE,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA. RP Vickers, A (reprint author), RES COUNCIL COMPLEMENTARY MED,60 GREAT ORMOND ST,LONDON WC1N 3JF,ENGLAND. OI Lewith, George/0000-0002-2364-3960 NR 29 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0266-4623 J9 INT J TECHNOL ASSESS JI Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care PD WIN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 111 EP 121 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics GA WQ130 UT WOS:A1997WQ13000010 PM 9119619 ER PT J AU Segurado, A Granade, T Parekh, B Nunez, CA Meza, R Amador, L Terrell, S George, R Lal, RB AF Segurado, A Granade, T Parekh, B Nunez, CA Meza, R Amador, L Terrell, S George, R Lal, RB TI Presence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in Honduras SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VIRUS TYPE-I C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,LAB INVEST BRANCH,DASTLR,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST SALUD PUBL,SIDA,DIV ETS,TEGUCIGALPA,HONDURAS. LACERS MINIST SALUD PUBL HONDURAS,TEGUCIGALPA,HONDURAS. US AGCY INT DEV,TEGUCIGALPA,HONDURAS. RP Segurado, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YK287 UT WOS:A1997YK28700014 PM 9402080 ER PT J AU Santelli, J AF Santelli, J TI Human subjects protection and parental permission in adolescent health research SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material DE schools; research; adolescence; human subjects' protection; parental permission; school based survey RP Santelli, J (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH, MAIL STOP K33, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X EI 1879-1972 J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 384 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00199-7 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA YH517 UT WOS:A1997YH51700007 PM 9401857 ER PT J AU Wilson, M Remington, JS Clavet, C Varney, G Press, C Ware, D Herman, CL Shively, RG Simms, TE Hansen, S Gaffey, CM Nutter, CD Langone, JJ McCracken, J Staples, B AF Wilson, M Remington, JS Clavet, C Varney, G Press, C Ware, D Herman, CL Shively, RG Simms, TE Hansen, S Gaffey, CM Nutter, CD Langone, JJ McCracken, J Staples, B TI Evaluation of six commercial kits for detection of human immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; IGM AB As a result of reports received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of false-positive results obtained with FDA-cleared in vitro diagnostic kits for the detection of Toxoplasma-specific human immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, an FDA-sponsored evaluation of six kits was performed, A battery of 258 serum specimens, including 30 specimens drawn 1 to 5 months after initial Toxoplasma infection and 228 specimens from Toxoplasma IgG-positive individuals, Toxoplasma IgG-negative individuals, rheumatoid factor-positive persons, and persons determined to be Toxoplasma IgM positive by commercially available assays, was assembled, randomly assorted, and coded. The battery was tested at the FDA with six commercially available hits, at the Pale Alto Medical Foundation (PAMF) by the PAMF double-sandwich IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PAMF IgM ELISA), and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by the CDC EIA IgM. The results of the PAMF IgM ELISA that were obtained with the battery were considered to be the ''gold standard'' for this study; specificity rates were computed by considering the PAMF results to be 100% specific, Sensitivity and specificity rates were found to be as follows: CDC EIA IgM, 100 and 99.1%, respectively; Abbott IMx Toro IgM, version 1, 100 and 77.5%, respectively; Abbott IMx Toro IgM, version 2, 93.3 and 97.3%, respectively; Abbott Toxo-M EIA, 100 and 84.2%, respectively; BioMerieux Vitek VIDAS Toro IgM, 100 and 98.6%, respectively; BioWhittaker Toxocap-M, 100 and 95.9%, respectively; Gull Toxo IgM, 97 and 85.6%, respectively; and Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur Platelia Toro IgM, 100 and 96.8%, respectively, Although the extent of false-positive reactions with these kits cannot be calculated because the study was retrospective and sample choices were biased, the results may be useful as an indicator of the relative specificities of these kits. C1 PALO ALTO MED FDN,RES INST,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,PALO ALTO,CA 94301. US FDA,WINCHESTER ENGN & ANALYT CTR,WINCHESTER,MA. US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MS F-13,4770 BUDFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3112 EP 3115 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG967 UT WOS:A1997YG96700019 PM 9399504 ER PT J AU Cavallaro, JJ Wiggs, LS Miller, JM AF Cavallaro, JJ Wiggs, LS Miller, JM TI Evaluation of the BBL crystal anaerobe identification system SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID-ANA-II; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; BACTERIA; IDENT; SPECIMENS AB The BBL Crystal Anaerobe (ANR) identification system was evaluated, and the results were compared with those from conventional anaerobic methods, We tested 322 clinically significant anaerobic bacteria according to the manufacturer's instructions, The system identified correctly 286 of 322 (88.8%) of the anaerobic bacteria tested, Of these, 263 of 322 (81.7%) were identified correctly on initial testing and 49 were identified correctly only to the genus level; on repeat testing, 23 of 49 (46.9%) were identified correctly to both the genus and the species levels, A total of 26 (8.5%) were misidentified at the species level, and 10 (3.1%) were not identified, Performance characteristics for individual strains varied, The system correctly identified all tested strains of Campylobacter, Desulfomonas, Desulfovibrio, Leptotrichia, Mobiluncus, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Provetella, Propionibacterium, Tisierella, and Veillonella and 36 of 37 (97.3%) Actinomyces strains, 42 of 46 (91.3%) B. fragilis group strains, 79 of 103 (76.7%) Clostridium strains, (however, the system failed to identify any of the 7 C. innocuumm and 9 C. tetani strains tested), and 8 of 15 (53.3%) Bacteroides strains, This system was easy to use, did not involve the addition of reagents, and was faster than conventional anaerobic procedures, It would be a useful addition to the anaerobe laboratory of most hospitals. RP Cavallaro, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIAGNOST MICROBIOL SECT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3186 EP 3191 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG967 UT WOS:A1997YG96700032 PM 9399517 ER PT J AU Haas, WH Butler, WR Kirschner, P Plikaytis, BB Coyle, MB Amthor, B Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Salfinger, M Crawford, JT Bottger, EC Bremer, HJ AF Haas, WH Butler, WR Kirschner, P Plikaytis, BB Coyle, MB Amthor, B Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Salfinger, M Crawford, JT Bottger, EC Bremer, HJ TI A new agent of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: Mycobacterium heidelbergense sp. nov. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CERVICAL LYMPHADENITIS; MOLECULAR-LEVEL; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; TUBERCULOSIS; AVIUM; RNA; DNA AB Nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis presents an increasing clinical problem in immunocompetent young children, A slowly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacterium was recovered twice (isolates 2553/91 and 2554/91) from the lymphatic tissue of a child with recurrent cervical lymphadenitis. It could be differentiated biochemically from described Mycobacterium species, although it most closely resembled Mycobacterium malmoense by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids. A striking characteristic of the isolate was its high degree of susceptibility to antituberculous drugs in vitro, including isoniazid. Direct determination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a unique sequence and positioned the strain phylogenetically on a branch separate from M. malmoense within a group of slowly growing mycobacteria that show a high degree of similarity to M. simiae at the 16S rRNA gene level, Despite 99.6% sequence identity with M. simiae at the 16S rRNA gene level, DNA-DNA hybridization studies (hydroxyapatite method) demonstrated DNA relatedness of less than 40%, We conclude that this organism is a new species for which we propose the name M. heidelbergense. A culture of the type strain, strain 2554/91, has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 51253. C1 HANNOVER MED SCH,INST MED MICROBIOL,D-30625 HANNOVER,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TB MYCOBACTERIOL BRANCH,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY 12201. RP Haas, WH (reprint author), UNIV HEIDELBERG,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT GEN PEDIAT,NEUENHEIMER FELD 150,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RI Bottger, Erik/F-6175-2011 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3203 EP 3209 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG967 UT WOS:A1997YG96700035 PM 9399520 ER PT J AU OHara, CM Westbrook, GL Miller, JM AF OHara, CM Westbrook, GL Miller, JM TI Evaluation of Vitek GNI+ and Becton Dickinson microbiology systems crystal E/NF identification systems for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative, glucose-fermenting and non-glucose-fermenting bacilli SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL MIAMI, FL SP Amer Soc Microbiol AB We evaluated the Vitek GNI+ and Becton Dickinson Crystal E/NF identification systems for their ability to accurately identify 619 and 626 strains, respectively, of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and other glucose-fermenting and non-glucose-fermenting gram-negative rods, All strains tested were taken from a stock collection and passed three times on 5% sheep blood agar prior to testing, These strains represented a more rigorous challenge to both systems than one resulting from the testing of consecutive clinical isolates. Testing with both systems was done according to the manufacturers' instructions, and tests were repeated in duplicate when errors occurred, Vitek version 5.01 and Crystal version 3.0 softwares were used for identifications, The identification results from each system were compared with identifications previously determined with reference biochemicals. At the completion of the appropriate incubation period, the GNI+ and Crystal systems correctly identified 80.1 and 71.1% of the total isolates, respectively. After additional tests suggested by the software programs were completed, the GNI+ had an accuracy of 87.6% and the Crystal system's accuracy had improved to 87.9%, The error rates for the GNI+ and Crystal systems were 6.5 and 5.3%, respectively, A report of ''no identification'' was given for 6.0 and 6.9% of the isolates, respectively, and was associated with no particular organism group. One isolate each of Acinetobacter lwoffii and Vibrio alginolyticus would not grow in the Vitek card, The average times to detection for correct enteric identifications in the GNI+ system were 4.1 and 6.8 h for nonenteric identifications, while the Crystal results were routinely read at 18 h, We conclude that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the results of the GNI+ card and those of the Crystal E/NF system after additional testing was performed with the group of organisms tested, but the overall accuracy for both systems in this study was below 90%. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3269 EP 3273 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG967 UT WOS:A1997YG96700047 PM 9399532 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, A Jatana, M Kumar, P Chatha, L Kaushal, A Padhye, AA AF Chakrabarti, A Jatana, M Kumar, P Chatha, L Kaushal, A Padhye, AA TI Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATION AB Crptococcus neoformans var. gatti has an ecological association with fire Eucalyptus species: E. blakelyi, E. camaldulensis, E. gomphocephala, E. rudis, and E. tereticornis, After human infections due to C. neoformans var. gattii were diagnosed in the states of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Karnataka, India, a study was undertaken to investigate the association of C. neoformans var. gattii with Indian eucalypts, especially in the state of Punjab, A total of 696 specimens collected from E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora and E. tereticornis (hybrid) trees were examined for the presence of C. neoformans var. gattii, Flowers from two trees of E. camaldulensis in the Chak Sarkar forest and one from the village of Periana near the Ferozepur area yielded five isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii, The origin of the trees could be traced to Australia, thus providing evidence that the distribution of E. camaldulensis correlated with the distribution of human cryptococcosis cases caused by C. neoformans var. gattii in northern India. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FUNGUS REFERENCE LAB,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. POSTGRAD INST MED EDUC & RES,DEPT MICROBIOL,CHANDIGARH 160012,INDIA. NR 12 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3340 EP 3342 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG967 UT WOS:A1997YG96700068 PM 9399553 ER PT J AU Forehand, R Miller, KS Dutra, R Chance, MW AF Forehand, R Miller, KS Dutra, R Chance, MW TI Role of parenting in adolescent deviant behavior: Replication across and within two ethnic groups SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELINQUENCY; COMMUNITY AB The role of 2 parenting variables, monitoring and communication, in adolescent deviant behavior was examined within 4 samples: Black Americans living in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Bronx, New York, and Hispanics living in the Bronx, New York, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. The participants comprised 907 14- to 16-year-old adolescents and their mothers recruited through high schools in 3 communities. The results indicated that higher levels of parental monitoring, but not parent-adolescent communication, predicted lower levels of adolescent deviance in each of the samples. The replication of these findings in samples that vary by ethnicity and location provides strong support for the generalizability of the association between parental monitoring and low levels of adolescent deviant behavior. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV AIDS STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PSYCHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Forehand, R (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,INST BEHAV RES,BARROW HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1036 EP 1041 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.65.6.1036 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA YJ463 UT WOS:A1997YJ46300014 PM 9420365 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Kludt, P Peppe, J Sharifzadeh, K Lett, S AF Ridzon, R Kludt, P Peppe, J Sharifzadeh, K Lett, S TI Two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis associated with Monte Cristo sandwiches SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; eggs; Monte Cristo sandwiches ID EGGS AB We report on two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis which occurred in 1992; both were associated with Monte Cristo sandwiches. The first outbreak, which occurred in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, was investigated as a case-control study, and involved 74 persons. The second outbreak, investigated as a cohort study, occurred in Brewster, Massachusetts, and involved 32 persons. Monte Cristo sandwiches were strongly implicated in both outbreaks; the odds ratio in the case-control study was 43, and the relative risk in the cohort study was 13. Food-preparation procedures were reviewed and food handlers were educated about safe food-preparation practices. Because of the short grilling time for Monte Cristo sandwiches, (usually several minutes) the eggs used in the preparation may only be partially cooked. As a result, this food should be viewed as high risk for S. enteritidis. Pasteurized eggs should be used to prepare Monte Cristo sandwiches, especially in a commercial setting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1568 EP 1570 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YQ746 UT WOS:000071419100017 ER PT J AU Topham, DJ Tripp, RA Doherty, PC AF Topham, DJ Tripp, RA Doherty, PC TI CD8(+) T cells clear influenza virus by perforin or Fas-dependent processes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICE; CYTOTOXICITY; INFECTION; EFFECTOR; ACTIVATION; GENE AB Influenza virus infection is controlled in CD4-depleted mice that are also defective for the expression of either Fas (Fas(-/-)) or perforin (P-/-), Virus-immune P+/+ and P-/- CD8(+) T cells can thus function in, respectively, a Fas(-/-) or Fas(+/+) lung environment, The obvious question is whether the P-/- CD8(+) set is effective in Fas(-/-) mice, a conclusion that would tend to favor cytokine secretion as the mode of virus clearance, Short term chimeras were made with P-/- bone marrow, P+/+ or P-/- T cells, and Fas(+/+) or Fas(-/-) irradiated recipients, While the P+/+ CD8(+) population cleared the virus from Fas(+/+) and Fas(-/-) respiratory epithelium, the P-/- effecters were operational only if there was the potential for Fas to be expressed on radiation-resistant lung cells, Target cell destruction mediated via the Fas or perforin pathways is clearly the primary mechanism used by CD8(+) T cells to terminate this viral pneumonia. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Immunol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doherty, PC (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Immunol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA21765]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI29579] NR 25 TC 302 Z9 312 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 159 IS 11 BP 5197 EP 5200 PG 4 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YW263 UT WOS:000071914800004 PM 9548456 ER PT J AU Marx, A Torok, TJ Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Anderson, LJ AF Marx, A Torok, TJ Holman, RC Clarke, MJ Anderson, LJ TI Pediatric hospitalizations for croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): Biennial increases associated with human parainfluenza virus 1 epidemics SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT ILLNESS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGIC PATTERNS; INFECTIONS; ETIOLOGY; INFANTS; LIFE AB Group is a common manifestation of respiratory tract infection in children, and human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) is the agent most commonly associated with croup. In the United States, HPIV-1 produces a distinctive pattern of biennial epidemics of respiratory illness during the autumn months of odd-numbered years. National Hospital Discharge Survey data for croup hospitalizations among patients <15 years old between 1979 and 1993 were examined along with laboratory-based surveillance data on HPIV-1 activity in the United States, The mean annual number of croup hospitalizations was 41,000 (range, 27,000-62,000/year). Ninety-one percent of hospitalizations occurred among children <5 years of age, Minor peaks in croup hospitalizations occurred each year in February, and major peaks occurred in October of odd-numbered years, coincident with peak HPIV-1 activity, Each biennial epidemic of HPIV-1 was associated with 18,000 excess croup hospitalizations nationwide. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 34 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 IS 6 BP 1423 EP 1427 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH160 UT WOS:A1997YH16000002 PM 9395350 ER PT J AU Hedberg, CW Savarino, SJ Besser, JM Paulus, CJ Thelen, VM Myers, LJ Cameron, DN Barrett, TJ Kaper, JB Osterholm, MT Boyer, W Kairis, F Gabriel, L Soler, J Gyswyt, L Bray, S Carlson, R Hooker, C Fasano, A Jarvis, K McDaniel, T Tornieporth, N AF Hedberg, CW Savarino, SJ Besser, JM Paulus, CJ Thelen, VM Myers, LJ Cameron, DN Barrett, TJ Kaper, JB Osterholm, MT Boyer, W Kairis, F Gabriel, L Soler, J Gyswyt, L Bray, S Carlson, R Hooker, C Fasano, A Jarvis, K McDaniel, T Tornieporth, N TI An outbreak of foodborne illness caused by Escherichia coli O39:NM, an agent not fitting into the existing scheme for classifying diarrheogenic E-coli SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LOCUS; ADHERENCE; CELLS AB An outbreak of gastrointestinal illness with clinical and epidemiologic features of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) occurred among patrons of a restaurant during April 1991, Illnesses among several groups of patrons were characterized by diarrhea (100%) and cramps (79%-88%) lasting a median of 3-5 days, Median incubation periods ranged from 50 to 56 h, A nonmotile strain of E. coli (E. coli O39), which was negative for heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa, STb) ETEC toxins, was isolated only from ill patrons, This organism produced enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 and contained the enteropathogenic E. coli gene locus for enterocyte effacement; it did not display mannose-resistant adherence, but produced attaching and effacing lesions in the absence of mannose on cultured HEp-2 cells, E. coli that are not part of highly characterized but narrowly defined groups may be important causes of foodborne illness. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,PUBL HLTH LAB,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,ENVIRONM HLTH MANAGEMENT GRP,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. COMMUNITY DEV DEPT,BROOKLYN PK,MN. USN,MED RES INST,ENTER DIS PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Hedberg, CW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 DELAWARE ST SE,POB 9441,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. OI Kaper, James/0000-0003-0715-2907 NR 16 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 IS 6 BP 1625 EP 1628 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH160 UT WOS:A1997YH16000031 PM 9395379 ER PT J AU Irwin, KL Pau, CP Lupo, D Pienazek, D Luo, CC Olivo, N Rayfield, M Hu, DJ Weber, JT Respess, RA Janssen, R Minor, P Ernst, J AF Irwin, KL Pau, CP Lupo, D Pienazek, D Luo, CC Olivo, N Rayfield, M Hu, DJ Weber, JT Respess, RA Janssen, R Minor, P Ernst, J TI Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 subtype a infection in a New York community with high HIV prevalence: A sentinel site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in North America SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID UNITED-STATES; V3 LOOP; SURVEILLANCE AB To determine whether US residents are infected with subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 other than subtype B (Western), the predominant North American subtype with a unique GPGR genetic sequence in the V3 loop, viruses from 22 HIV-infected adults were serotyped and subtyped. Twenty patients had subtype B (Western), of whom 15 had serotype B (Western), 3 had serotype A/C, 1 had serotype B (Thai), and 1 had a nontypeable serotype, Two had subtype A, both serotype A/C, Both subtype A-infected patients, only 1 of whom had been outside the United States, reported sex with persons traveling abroad, suggesting possible acquisition in the United States, Because US residents are infected with non-subtype B (Western) strains, US surveillance for HIV-1 diversity is needed to elucidate subtype-specific transmission patterns and pathogenesis and to guide evaluation and development of HIV diagnostic tests and vaccines. C1 ORKAND CORP,ATLANTA,GA. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,BRONX,NY 10456. RP Irwin, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206797] NR 17 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 176 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1633 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YH160 UT WOS:A1997YH16000032 PM 9395380 ER PT J AU Noel, JS Ando, T Leite, JP Green, KY Dingle, KE Estes, MK Seto, Y Monroe, SS Glass, RI AF Noel, JS Ando, T Leite, JP Green, KY Dingle, KE Estes, MK Seto, Y Monroe, SS Glass, RI TI Correlation of patient immune responses with genetically characterized small round-structured viruses involved in outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in the united states, 1990 to 1995 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE small round-structured viruses; Norwalk virus; Toronto virus; Lordsdale virus; Hawaii virus immune response; genetic diversity; calicivirus ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; HUMAN ENTERIC CALICIVIRIDAE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CAPSID PROTEIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GENOMIC DIVERSITY; SNOW MOUNTAIN; HAWAII VIRUS; SEQUENCE AB Small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) are a genetically and antigenically diverse group of caliciviruses that are the most common cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. We have applied both molecular techniques to characterize SRSVs in fecal specimens and serologic assays using four different expressed SRSV antigens to examine the distribution of outbreak strains in the United States and determine if the immune responses of patients were strain specific. Strains from 23 outbreaks of SRSV gastroenteritis were characterized by reverse transcription-PCR and nucleotide sequencing of a 277-base region of the capsid gene. These strains segregated into two distinct genogroups, I and II, comprising four and six clusters of strains respectively, each representing a distinct phylogenetic lineage. Serum IgG responses in patients were measured by enzyme immunoassay using expressed capsid antigens of Norwalk virus (NV), Toronto virus (TV), Hawaii virus (HV), and Lordsdale virus (LV), representing four of the 10 clusters. While strains in genogroups I and II were antigenically distinct, within genogroups, the specificity of the immune response varied greatly. Patients infected with genogroup I strains which had as much as 38.5% aa divergence from NV demonstrated relatively homologous seroresponses to the single NV antigen. In contrast, in genogroup II, homologous seroresponses to TV and HV were only present when the infecting strains showed less than 6.5% aa divergence from these antigens. These results suggest that TV and HV represent not only separate genetic clusters in genogroup II but also separate antigenic groups, each of which is related but distinguishable. In addition, two genetically distinct SRSV strains were identified for which we have no homologous antigen. This study suggests that while current molecular diagnostics are capable of detecting the full range of SRSVs, additional expressed antigens will be required to detect an immune response to SRSV infection caused by all the antigenically diverse strains. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 INST OSWALDO CRUZ,DEPT VIROL,BR-20001 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,SCH MED,MOL MICROBIOL GRP,SOUTHAMPTON,HANTS,ENGLAND. BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOL VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OSAKA CITY INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT HLTH & EPIDEMIOL,OSAKA 543,JAPAN. RP Noel, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT G04,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 37 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 53 IS 4 BP 372 EP 383 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199712)53:4<372::AID-JMV10>3.0.CO;2-H PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA YJ685 UT WOS:A1997YJ68500010 PM 9407386 ER PT J AU Tubbs, RL AF Tubbs, RL TI Medical surveillance of HAZMAT response fire fighters SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Ind Hyg Sect, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tubbs, RL (reprint author), NIOSH, Ind Hyg Sect, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1135 EP 1135 DI 10.1097/00043764-199712000-00002 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YM279 UT WOS:000071047700002 PM 9429164 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Richardson, BB Sullivan, JS Morris, CL Galland, GG AF Collins, WE Richardson, BB Sullivan, JS Morris, CL Galland, GG TI Infection of Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes on new world monkeys infected with the Uganda I/CDC strain of Plasmodium malariae SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AOTUS MONKEYS; SPOROZOITES AB Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes fed during 85 primary and 26 recrudescent infections of the Uganda I/CDC strain of Plasmodium malariae in Saimiri and Aotus monkeys were examined for the presence of oocysts. Of these, 42 primary and 14 recrudescent infections were infective. Mosquitoes were more frequently infected when fed upon A. lemurinus griseimembra animals. A retrospective examination indicated the greatest mosquito infectivity occurred before the maximum parasite count. Mosquito infection was highest 4, 5, and 6 days after the parasite count exceeded 1,000/mu l. Overall, 98 of 304 positive lots (32.2%) had greater than or equal to 50% of the individual mosquitoes infected. In addition, lots of An. freeborni were fed through membranes on the blood of 34 monkeys. During the days following the parasite count reaching greater than or equal to 1,000/mu l, feedings on the animals resulted in lower levels of infection than membrane feeding, thus extending the period of mosquito infection. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,US PHS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.2307/3284369 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YL264 UT WOS:A1997YL26400023 PM 9406786 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Grady, KK Millet, P Sullivan, JS Morris, CL Galland, GG Richardson, BB Yang, CF AF Collins, WE Grady, KK Millet, P Sullivan, JS Morris, CL Galland, GG Richardson, BB Yang, CF TI Adaptation of a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from a Montagnard refugee to Aotus monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURE AB A strain of Plasmodium falciparum from a Montagnard refugee was shown to produce large numbers of gametocytes in culture. Attempts were made to establish this strain in Aotus monkeys via trophozoite and sporozoite inoculation. The Montagnard S-1 strain was readily adapted to A. l. griseimembra monkeys via trophozoite inoculation. Other species of Aotus failed to support the development of high density parasitemia. None of 12 attempts to transmit the infection via sporozoites from Anopheles freeborni or An. dirus mosquitoes was successful; however, developing exoerythrocytic stages were demonstrated in hepatocytes of an A. lemurinus griseimembra monkey. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1177 DI 10.2307/3284381 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA YL264 UT WOS:A1997YL26400035 PM 9406798 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Kent, JH Valway, S Weismuller, P Maxwell, R Elcock, M Meador, J Royce, S Shefer, A Smith, P Woodley, C Onorato, I AF Ridzon, R Kent, JH Valway, S Weismuller, P Maxwell, R Elcock, M Meador, J Royce, S Shefer, A Smith, P Woodley, C Onorato, I TI Outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis with second-generation transmission in a high school California SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; RISK AB Background: In spring 1993, four students in a high school were diagnosed with tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethionamide. Methods: To investigate potential transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis, a retrospective cohort study with case investigation and screening by tuberculin skin tests and symptom checks was conducted in a high school of approximately 1400 students. Current and graduated high-school students were included in the investigation, DNA fingerprinting of available isolates was performed. Results: Eighteen students with active tuberculosis were identified, Through epidemiologic and laboratory investigation, 13 cases were linked; 8 entered 12th grade in fall 1993; 9 of 13 had positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethionamide resistance, and all 8 available isolates had identical DNA fingerprints. No staff member had tuberculosis. One student remained infectious for 29 months, from January 1991 to June 1993, and was the source case for the outbreak, Another student was infectious for 5 months before diagnosis in May 1993 and was a treatment failure in February 1994 with development of rifampin and ethambutol resistance in addition to isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethionamide. In the fall 1993 screening, 292 of 1263 (23%) students tested had a positive tuberculin skin test. Risk of infection was highest among 12th graders and classroom contacts of the two students with prolonged infectiousness. An additional 94 of 928 (10%) students tested in spring 1994 had a positive tuberculin skin test; 22 were classroom contacts of the student with treatment failure and 21 of these had documented tuberculin skin test conversions. Conclusion: Extensive transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis was documented in this high school, along with missed opportunities for prevention and control of this outbreak. Prompt identification of tuberculosis cases and timely interventions should help reduce this public health problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Orange Cty Hlth Care Agcy, Santa Ana, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 131 IS 6 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70034-9 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YN402 UT WOS:000071165100016 PM 9427891 ER PT J AU Geller, AC Hufford, D Miller, DR Sun, T Wyatt, SW Reilley, B Bewerse, B Lisco, J Brooks, D Grupenhoff, J Weary, P Lew, RA Koh, HK AF Geller, AC Hufford, D Miller, DR Sun, T Wyatt, SW Reilley, B Bewerse, B Lisco, J Brooks, D Grupenhoff, J Weary, P Lew, RA Koh, HK TI Evaluation of the ultraviolet index: Media reactions and public response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; SUN EXPOSURE; MELANOMA AB Background: In response to the increasing rate of skin cancer, particularly melanoma in the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Weather Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Association of Physicians for the Environment, and the American Academy of Dermatology, developed the Ultraviolet Index (WI) to inform the public of the strength of the sun's rays and advise on methods for sun protection. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the extent to which television stations and newspapers reported the WI and assess the public's response to it. Methods: To evaluate the effect of this effort, we surveyed television weather forecasters at 185 stations and examined weather pages in 54 newspapers in 58 cities that received the UVI reports. We also conducted a population probability telephone survey of 700 white adults (18 years of age and older) in these 58 cities. Results: Seventy-one percent of the 169 stations that provided survey data for both 1994 and 1995 broadcast the UVI; 61% of newspapers reported the WI. Nearly 64% of the 700 respondents (n = 445) had heard of the UVI. Of these respondents, 38% (n = 170) stated that they or their family changed their sun protection practices as a result of the UVI. Conclusion: The majority of television weather forecasters and newspapers reported the UVI. Most of the public was aware of the UVI, causing some to change sun protection practices. Further evaluation is required to maximize the effect of the UVI on sun protection practices. C1 Boston Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Med Ctr, Canc Prevent & Control Ctr, Boston, MA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Chron Dis Surveillance Branch, Boston, MA USA. Natl Assoc Phys Environm, Washington, DC USA. Amer Acad Dermatol, Schaumburg, IL USA. RP Geller, AC (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, DOB 801A,80 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 37 IS 6 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70068-9 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YM517 UT WOS:000071072700004 PM 9418760 ER PT J AU Leveille, SG LaCroix, AZ Newton, KM Keenan, NL AF Leveille, SG LaCroix, AZ Newton, KM Keenan, NL TI Older women and hormone replacement therapy: Factors influencing late life initiation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN THERAPY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; ELDERLY WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; ATTITUDES AB OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with initiation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by older women, DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 671 randomly selected women aged 65 to 80 who participated in a larger telephone survey on preventive health behaviors. SETTING: A large health maintenance organization (HMO) in Seattle, Washington. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 521 women who responded (78%), 51 had begun taking HRT at age 60 or older and were identified as initiators. Women who had never used HRT or past users who had begun HRT before age 60 were classified as noninitiators (n = 362). Current users who started HRT before age 60 (n = 108) were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Sources included the telephone survey, automated HMO pharmacy data, and HMO utilization and provider databases. RESULTS: Initiators were similar to noninitiators with respect to age, marital status, education, and health status. Initiators were more likely to have had a hysterectomy at age 60 or later than noninitiators. Sixty-two percent of the noninitiators said they had received no information about the benefits of HRT from their providers compared with 18% of initiators. HRT initiation was associated with belief in prevention benefits of HRT for fractures and cardiovascular disease and with reported encouragement from the physician to use HRT. CONCLUSIONS: Other than hysterectomy status, there were few sociodemographic or health characteristics that markedly distinguished older initiators from noninitiators. Our findings show the importance of physician counseling in an older woman's decision to initiate HRT. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,NW PREVENT EFFECTIVENESS CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR HLTH STUDIES,GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA 98195. FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,DIV PUBL HLTH SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Leveille, SG (reprint author), NIA,EPIDEMIOL DEMOG & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,7201 WISCONSIN AVE,SUITE 3C-309,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU009654] NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1496 EP 1500 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA YK263 UT WOS:A1997YK26300011 PM 9400560 ER PT J AU Howze, EH AF Howze, EH TI Observations from the CDC - No sweat: How research can increase women's physical activity. SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Howze, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 6 BP 623 EP 625 DI 10.1089/jwh.1997.6.623 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA YP596 UT WOS:000071294000009 PM 9437636 ER PT J AU Alterman, T Burnett, C Peipins, L Lalich, N Halperin, W AF Alterman, T Burnett, C Peipins, L Lalich, N Halperin, W TI Occupation and cervical cancer: An opportunity for prevention SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DEATH CERTIFICATE; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; ACCURACY; MORTALITY; INDUSTRY; INTERVENTION; MAMMOGRAPHY; PREDICTORS; WORKERS AB Cervical cancer remains an important health problem for women. Few-published studies have examined cervical cancer with respect to a woman's occupation. This study examines the association of cervical cancer mortality and occupation in a large national database. The purpose of the study is to recommend,which occupations may most require health promotion activities. Mortality data from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System were used to calculate the proportion of deaths from cervical cancer according to occupation. This study is based on standardized death certificate data for almost 2 million deaths among women in 27 states, covering the period 1985-1990. Our results are consistent with those in previous studies, with service and apparel manufacturing workers showing elevated risk. Data presented show a difference in cervical cancer mortality by occupational group. Identification of these occupations suggests which women could be targeted for preventive services. Women in occupations with low socioeconomic status are less likely to have access to health promotion programs. Resources should be directed to these women. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. NIOSH, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Alterman, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, MS-R18,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 6 IS 6 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1089/jwh.1997.6.649 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA YP596 UT WOS:000071294000012 PM 9437639 ER PT J AU Kwo, PY Schlauder, GG Carpenter, HA Murphy, PJ Rosenblatt, JE Dawson, GJ Mast, EE Krawczynski, K Balan, V AF Kwo, PY Schlauder, GG Carpenter, HA Murphy, PJ Rosenblatt, JE Dawson, GJ Mast, EE Krawczynski, K Balan, V TI Acute hepatitis E by a new isolate acquired in the United States SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; E VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; NON-A; ANTIBODY; PAKISTAN; ANTIGENS; PROTEINS; VIREMIA; ASSAY AB Objective: To report the first case of acute hepatitis E by a novel isolate acquired in the United States and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing, Material and Methods: We describe the clinical manifestations and the results of associated laboratory studies in a man who was found to have acute hepatitis E infection, Results: A 62-year-old man was hospitalized because of fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice, After an initial evaluation did not provide a cause, his serum was found to be positive for IgG anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) by three antibody assays, Serum was also positive for HEV RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(PCR), Sequencing results from the PCR products demonstrated substantial differences at the nucleotide level between this strain and the known Mexican and Burmese strains, Conclusion: On the basis of this initial report, HEV should be considered an etiologic agent in patients with acute non-ABC hepatitis in the United States. C1 MAYO CLIN,DIV GASTROENTEROL & INTERNAL MED,ROCHESTER,MN. MAYO CLIN,DIV ANAT PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN. MAYO CLIN,DIV CLIN MICROBIOL,ROCHESTER,MN. ABBOTT LABS,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1133 EP 1136 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YL030 UT WOS:A1997YL03000005 PM 9413292 ER PT J AU Brennan, RJ Keim, ME Sharp, TW Wetterhall, SF Williams, RJ Baker, EL Cantwell, JD Lillibridge, SR AF Brennan, RJ Keim, ME Sharp, TW Wetterhall, SF Williams, RJ Baker, EL Cantwell, JD Lillibridge, SR TI Medical and public health services at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games: an overview SO MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article ID SUMMER OLYMPICS; EXPERIENCE; EVENT; CARE AB Planning for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games may benefit from the experience of the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Excellent health promotion and prevention activities before and during the Games resulted in fewer medical and public health problems than anticipated. Despite this, there was room for improvement in the level of communication and cooperation between the many service providers to ensure the most appropriate and efficient responses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Program Planning & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. US Marine Corps Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. 1996 Centennial Olymp Games, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brennan, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, 1 Jarrett White Rd,MCPA-DM, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD PI SYDNEY PA LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA SN 0025-729X J9 MED J AUSTRALIA JI Med. J. Aust. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 167 IS 11-12 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YM381 UT WOS:000071057900015 PM 9418799 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Goldman, IF De Rijk, P De Wachter, R Collins, WE Qari, SH Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Goldman, IF De Rijk, P De Wachter, R Collins, WE Qari, SH Lal, AA TI Phylogenetic study of the genus Plasmodium based on the secondary structure-based alignment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium simium; Plasmodium falciparum; ribosomal RNA; molecular epidemiology; virulence ID EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN; MALARIA; SEQUENCES; PARASITE; CALIBRATION; FALCIPARUM; VIRULENCE; GENES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Antwerp UIA, Dept Biochem, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aal1@ciddpd2.em.cdc.gov NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC 1 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00121-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA YU428 UT WOS:000071716100027 PM 9497053 ER PT J AU Bowen, MD Peters, CJ Nichol, ST AF Bowen, MD Peters, CJ Nichol, ST TI Phylogenetic analysis of the Arenaviridae: Patterns of virus evolution and evidence for cospeciation between arenaviruses and their rodent hosts SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN GENE; S-RNA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PICHINDE ARENAVIRUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; LASSA FEVER; JUNIN; ORGANIZATION AB Viruses of the Arenaviridae cause hemorrhagic fevers and neurologic disease in humans. Historically, the arenaviruses have been divided into two complexes (LASV-LCMV, Tacaribe) through the use of antigenic typing. The phylogeny of the Arenaviridae as a whole has not been estimated previously due to a lack of sequence data for all members of the family. In this study, nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data were obtained for all currently known arenaviruses and used to estimate, for the first time, a phylogeny of the entire virus family. The LCMV-LASV complex arenaviruses are monophyletic and comprise three distinct lineages. The Tacaribe complex viruses also are monophyletic and occupy three distinct lineages. Comparisons of arenavirus phylogeny with rodent host phylogeny and taxonomic relationships provide several examples in which virus-host cospeciation is potentially occurring. The pathogenic arenaviruses do not appear to be monophyletic, suggesting that the pathogenic phenotype has arisen in multiple independent events during virus evolution. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 59 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 301 EP 316 DI 10.1006/mpev.1997.0436 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YL946 UT WOS:000071011300002 PM 9417890 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, A Panda, N Varma, SC Singh, K Das, A Sharma, SC Padhye, AA AF Chakrabarti, A Panda, N Varma, SC Singh, K Das, A Sharma, SC Padhye, AA TI Craniofacial zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans SO MYCOSES LA English DT Article DE Apophysomyces elegans; Zygomycosis; craniofacial infection ID NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; SAKSENAEA-VASIFORMIS; OSTEOMYELITIS; SPORULATION; PATIENT; HOSTS AB A fatal case of craniofacial zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a 52-year-old man was diagnosed by the presence of broad aseptate, branched hyaline hyphae in tissue from paranasal sinuses and surrounding areas, and isolation of the fungus from the same tissue. The patient suffered from idiopathic myelofibrosis as underlying disease, he was thrombocytopenic and was mildly hyperglycaemic. The infection represents the second case of craniofacial zygomycosis due to A. elegans. C1 Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chandigarh 160012, India. Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Internal Med & Histopathol, Chandigarh 160012, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chakrabarti, A (reprint author), Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Med Microbiol, Chandigarh 160012, India. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-7407 J9 MYCOSES JI Mycoses PD DEC PY 1997 VL 40 IS 11-12 BP 419 EP 421 PG 3 WC Dermatology; Mycology SC Dermatology; Mycology GA YT466 UT WOS:000071606400004 PM 9470406 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Bresee, JS Parashar, U Miller, M Gentsch, JR AF Glass, RI Bresee, JS Parashar, U Miller, M Gentsch, JR TI Rotavirus vaccines at the threshold SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; EFFICACY; DIARRHEA; INFANTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CVI, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1324 EP 1325 DI 10.1038/nm1297-1324 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YZ389 UT WOS:000072249500026 PM 9396600 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, NE Schuchat, A AF Rosenstein, NE Schuchat, A TI Opportunities for prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: A multistate surveillance analysis SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; RISK-FACTORS; COLONIZATION; CULTURES; SEPSIS AB Objective: To evaluate the potential impact of ACOG and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consensus strategies for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. Methods: We evaluated cases of early-onset group B streptococcal disease identified by active surveillance during 1995, in four areas in North America with an aggregate 186,000 births per year. We reviewed the hospital records of mothers and infants and any prenatal records available on site. Cases were determined to be preventable based on whether group B streptococcal screening could have been performed prenatally, sensitivity of screening, presence of obstetric complications, and opportunity to administer antibiotics. Results: We reviewed records for 245 of 246 infants with early-onset group B streptococcal disease in the surveillance areas. Most of the 53 case-mothers who delivered preterm and 192 who delivered full-term had had at least one prenatal visit (83% and 99%, respectively). Few case-mothers had prenatal group B streptococcal screening cultures, although compliance was high for other prenatal screening tests. Fifty-four percent of case-mothers had a recognized obstetric risk factor for group B streptococcal disease: labor or rupture of membranes at less than 37 weeks, rupture of membranes for 18 hours or longer, or temperature 38C or greater. The estimated preventable portion of early-onset group B streptococcal cases was 78% for the screening-based approach (range 74% to 82% by area), compared with 41% for the risk-based approach (range 39% to 53% by area). Conclusion: Comprehensive implementation of either of the recommended prevention strategies could potentially prevent a substantial proportion of early-onset group B streptococcal disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 90 IS 6 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00486-9 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YH885 UT WOS:A1997YH88500008 PM 9397099 ER PT J AU Dietz, VJ Lewin, M Zell, E Rodewald, L AF Dietz, VJ Lewin, M Zell, E Rodewald, L TI Evaluation of failure to follow vaccination recommendations as a marker for failure to follow other health recommendations SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE immunization; vaccination; health behaviors ID PRENATAL-CARE; PREDICTORS; LEAD AB Objective, To determine whether families who fail to vaccinate their children also fail to follow other health recommendations. Setting. US civilian noninstitutionalized population. Design. National survey with a stratified cluster design. Participants. Adult respondents for children 19 to 35 months of age surveyed in the 1991 National Health Interview Survey with documented vaccination history. Measurements. Comparison of responses to 23 questions related to health behaviors between respondents of up-to date (UTD), i.e. having received 4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, 3 doses of polio vaccine and one measles vaccine, and non-UTD children. Results. Of the 781 studied children, non-UTD (n = 357) and UTD (n = 424) children, or their respondents, did not differ in 18 of the 23 studied health behaviors. However, although non-UTD and UTD children were equally likely to have car seats, non-UTD children were less likely to use them always (84.3% us, 92.9%, P = 0.002), National Health Interview Survey respondents of nonUTD children were more likely than their counterparts never to read food labels for ingredients (28.9% vs, 20.5%, P = 0.04) or for fat/cholesterol content (33.6% vs, 22.3%, P = 0.02) and never to buy low salt foods (37.5% vs. 21.5%, P = 0.001), Multivariate analyses showed that parental education level, not a child's vaccination status, was associated with compliance with the studied health behaviors, Conclusion. Failure to vaccinate children on time is not consistently related to the likelihood of family member's following of other health recommendations, However, these data suggest that although mediated via parental educational levels, a child's immunization status helps to define families at risk for poor nutrition-related behaviors and those who are in need of counseling on seat belt use. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1157 EP 1161 DI 10.1097/00006454-199712000-00011 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YL245 UT WOS:A1997YL24500010 PM 9427462 ER PT J AU Sibailly, TS Wiktor, SZ Tsai, TF Cropp, BC Ekpini, ER AdjorloloJohnson, G Gnaore, E DeCock, KM Greenberg, AE AF Sibailly, TS Wiktor, SZ Tsai, TF Cropp, BC Ekpini, ER AdjorloloJohnson, G Gnaore, E DeCock, KM Greenberg, AE TI Poor antibody response to yellow fever vaccination in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE yellow fever; vaccination; human immunodeficiency virus type 1; Cote d'Ivoire; Africa; immunologic response ID HIV-1 C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN 01,COTE IVOIRE. NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1177 EP 1179 DI 10.1097/00006454-199712000-00015 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YL245 UT WOS:A1997YL24500014 PM 9427466 ER PT J AU Guyer, B Martin, JA MacDorman, MF Anderson, RN Strobino, DM AF Guyer, B Martin, JA MacDorman, MF Anderson, RN Strobino, DM TI Annual summary of vital statistics - 1996 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; infant mortality; low birth weight ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT SLEEP POSITION; UNITED-STATES; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; SURFACTANT; PREVENTION; HEALTH AB Several recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1996, including an increase in life expectancy and declines in infant mortality, births to teenage mothers, age-adjusted death rates, and death rates for children and adolescents. In 1996, there were an estimated 3914953 births in the United States. The preliminary birth rate remained unchanged at 14.8 births per 1000 population, and the fertility rate, births per 1000 women 15 to 44 years of age, was essentially the same at 65.7. Fertility rates rose slightly for most racial and ethnic groups except black women, for whom the rate hit a historic low of 70.8. Overall, fertility remains particularly high for Hispanic women, although there is considerable variation within this heterogenous group. For the fifth consecutive year, birth rates dropped for teenagers. Birth rates for women greater than or equal to 30 years of age continued to increase. The birth rate for unmarried women declined 1% in 1996 to 44.6 births per 1000 unmarried women, continuing the decline noted in 1995 for the first time in 2 decades. The percentage of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester rose in 1996 to 81.8%, whereas the percentage with late (third trimester) or no care dropped to 4.1%. The rise in timely prenatal care was greatest for black and Hispanic women. The percentage of low birth weight (LBW) infants reached 7.4% in 1996, its highest level since 1975. The very low birth weight rate remained unchanged at 1.4%. The rise in LBW occurred primarily among white women, whereas the LBW rate for black women dropped to 13.0%, the lowest rate reported since 1987. The rise among white women is only partially a result of increases in multiple births, because LBW rates have also risen among white singleton births. The multiple birth ratio rose again in 1996 by 2%, as it has since 1980. The rise was particularly large for higher-order multiple births. Infant mortality reached an all time low level of 7.2 deaths per 1000 births, based on preliminary 1996 data. Neonatal and postneonatal rates declined, as did rates for both black and white infants. National birth weight specific mortality rates are reported here for the first time. In 1995, 63% of infant deaths occurred to the 7.3% of the population that was born LBW. The four leading cause of infant death were congenital anomalies, disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and respiratory distress syndrome, accounting for more than half of infant deaths in 1996. Despite the declines in infant mortality, the United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. Expectation of life at birth reached a new high in 1996 of 76.1 years for all gender and race groups combined. Age-adjusted mortality rates declined in 1996 for diseases of the heart, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, accidents and adverse effects, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and suicide. They rose, as in the past several years, for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, diabetes mellitus, and pneumonia and influenza. For the first time since human immunodeficiency virus infection was created as a special cause-of-death category in 1987, death rates for human immunodeficiency virus infection declined from 15.6 in 1995 to 11.6 in 1996. The homicide rate also declined, as it has since 1991. Death rates for children between 1 and 19 years of age declined in 1996, with an estimated 29183 deaths to children. Unintentional injury mortality has dropped by similar to 50% among children and adolescents since 1979, although it remains the leading cause of death for all age groups of children from 1 to 19 years. Homicide was the fourth leading cause of death for children 1 to 4 and 5 to 9 years of age, the third leading cause for children 10 to 14, and the second leading cause for 15 to 19 year olds. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Guyer, B (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,624 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 43 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1997 VL 100 IS 6 BP 905 EP 918 DI 10.1542/peds.100.6.905 PG 14 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YJ314 UT WOS:A1997YJ31400001 PM 9374556 ER PT J AU Clemens, JD Rao, MR Chakraborty, J Yunus, M Ali, M Kay, B vanLoon, FPL Naficy, A Sack, DA AF Clemens, JD Rao, MR Chakraborty, J Yunus, M Ali, M Kay, B vanLoon, FPL Naficy, A Sack, DA TI Breastfeeding and the risk of life-threatening enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in Bangladeshi infants and children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; breastfeeding; diarrhea ID ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES; RURAL BANGLADESH; FIELD TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BREAST-MILK; ANTIBODIES; DISEASES; PROTECTION; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMISSION AB Objective. To assess the relationship between breastfeeding and the risk of life-threatening enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea among Bangladeshi infants and young children < 36 months of age. Design. Case-control study. Setting. A rural Bangladesh community. Participants. A total of 168 cases with clinically severe ETEC diarrhea detected in a treatment center-based surveillance system during 1985 to 1986 and 3679 controls selected in three surveys of the same community during the same calendar interval. Outcomes. Cases and controls were compared for the frequency of antecedent breastfeeding patterns. Results. Compared with other feeding modes, exclusive breastfeeding of infants was associated with significant protection against severe ETEC diarrhea (relative risk [RR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28,0.96). However, during the second and third years of life, the risk of this outcome was similar in both breastfed and nonbreastfed children (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.45,2.12), and no significant overall protective association between breastfeeding and severe ETEC diarrhea was evident during the first 3 years of life (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.43,1.74). Conclusions. Exclusive breastfeeding appeared to protect infants against severe ETEC diarrhea, but breastfeeding was not associated with protection after infancy, nor was it associated with a major overall reduction of severe ETEC disease during the first 3 years of life. Although not diminishing the importance of breastfeeding, our findings suggest that other interventions, such as immunization and education about proper food hygiene, may also be required in efforts to prevent this major pediatric disease. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES, DHAKA 1000, BANGLADESH. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Clemens, JD (reprint author), NICHHD, DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES, 6100 EXECUT BLVD, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Ali, Mohammad/E-2365-2017 OI Ali, Mohammad/0000-0003-1410-388X NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1997 VL 100 IS 6 BP art. no. EP e2 DI 10.1542/peds.100.6.e2 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YJ314 UT WOS:A1997YJ31400022 PM 9374580 ER PT J AU Dienst, WL Dightman, L Dworkin, MS Thompson, RK Howe, WB AF Dienst, WL Dightman, L Dworkin, MS Thompson, RK Howe, WB TI Pinning down skin infections - Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in wrestlers SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TINEA-CORPORIS-GLADIATORUM; HERPES-SIMPLEX LABIALIS; TRICHOPHYTON-TONSURANS; ACYCLOVIR; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC AB Wrestling fosters skin infections such as herpes simplex, tinea corporis, and impetigo, Visual examination often suggests the diagnosis, but some lesions, like late-stage herpes, can mimic other conditions, like impetigo; laboratory studies therefore may be required. Drug therapy can mitigate an infection and help prevent recurrence, In addition, physicians must know when to disqualify a wrestler and how to prevent an outbreak through measures like good hygiene and immediate diagnosis. C1 MID VALLEY HOSP,EMERGENCY DEPT,OMAK,WA. OKANOGAN DOUGLASS DIST HOSP,BREWSTER,WA. ST PETERS FAMILY PRACTICE RESIDENCY,OUTPATIENT SERV,OLYMPIA,WA. TIMBERLINE HIGH SCH,LACEY,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,OLYMPIA,WA. OLYMPIA HIGH SCH,OLYMPIA,WA. N THURSTON HIGH SCH,OLYMPIA,WA. WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV,BELLINGHAM,WA 98225. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 25 IS 12 BP 45 EP & PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA YK138 UT WOS:A1997YK13800012 PM 20086880 ER PT J AU McDonnell, SM Witte, D AF McDonnell, SM Witte, D TI Hereditary hemochromatosis - Preventing chronic effects of this underdiagnosed disorder SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IRON AB Diagnosis of iron overload is often delayed until clinical manifestations have appeared and it is too late to prevent organ damage. Therefore, basic and continuing medical education about the disease is urgently needed. Physicians and their specialty groups can be important leaders for change. Further studies on the prevalence and penetrance of hereditary hemochromatosis, the capability of current laboratory tests to detect the disease, and the cost-effectiveness of screening are also needed. RP McDonnell, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT, MS K-25, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JTE MULTIMEDIA PI BERWYN PA 1235 WESTLAKES DR, STE 220, BERWYN, PA 19312 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 102 IS 6 BP 83 EP + PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YK545 UT WOS:A1997YK54500019 PM 9406565 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Hansen, H Chou, CHSJ AF Pohl, HR Hansen, H Chou, CHSJ TI Public health guidance values for chemical mixtures: Current practice and future directions SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE PARAMETERS; FACTORS TEFS; CHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RATS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances, The MRLs are derived based on the data compiled from current worldwide literature searches and presented in ATSDR's toxicological profiles. These documents profile not only individual chemicals, but also groups of chemically related compounds and chemical mixtures, ATSDR took several approaches when developing MRLs for chemical mixtures, In some instances, toxicity equivalency factors were used to estimate the toxicity of the whole mixture; in other instances, the most toxic chemical was assumed to drive the health assessment for the whole mixture, Another approach was to treat the mixture as one entity and develop a health guidance value for the whole mixture. In yet another approach, each chemical of the mixture was evaluated separately and several health guidance values were developed, In the future, ATSDR will evaluate priority chemical mixtures found at hazardous waste sites, A weight-of-evidence approach, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and benchmark dose modeling, and quantitative structure-activity relationships will have an impact on the development of MRLs and the assessment of chemical mixtures, (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Mailstop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1006/rtph.1997.1171 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YV364 UT WOS:000071815800008 PM 9441922 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Hickman-Brenner, FW AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Hickman-Brenner, FW TI Supplement 1996 (no. 40) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 13 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1996 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 8 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 3 to subspecies salamae and 2 to subspecies diarizonae. C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, U389 INSERM,Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RKI, Natl Referenzzentrum Salmonellen & Andere Bakteri, Arbeitsgrp Hamburg, Inst Hyg, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, U389 INSERM,Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 148 IS 9 BP 811 EP 814 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(97)82457-6 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YV759 UT WOS:000071860100009 PM 9765865 ER PT J AU Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Kuempel, ED Prince, MM AF Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Smith, RJ Kuempel, ED Prince, MM TI Estimating benchmark concentrations and other noncancer endpoints in epidemiology studies SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE threshold; added risk; multiple regression; logistic regression; FEV1 ID STATES COAL-MINERS; DUST EXPOSURE AB Methods for evaluating the hazards associated with noncancer responses with epidemiologic data are considered. The methods for noncancer risk assessment have largely been developed for experimental data, and are not always suitable for the more complex structure of epidemiologic data. In epidemiology, the measurement of the response and the exposure is often either continuous or dichotomous. For a continuous noncancer response modeled with multiple regression, a variety of endpoints may be examined: (1) the concentration associated with absolute or relative decrements in response; (2) a threshold concentration associated with no change in response; and (3) the concentration associated with a particular added risk of impairment. For a dichotomous noncancer response modeled with logistic regression, concentrations associated with specified added/extra risk or with a threshold responses may be estimated. No-observed-effect concentrations may also be estimated for categorizations of exposures for both continuous and dichotomous responses but these may depend on the arbitrary categories chosen. Respiratory function in miners exposed to coal dust is used to illustrate these methods. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1997 VL 17 IS 6 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb01282.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA YU635 UT WOS:000071738500010 PM 9463931 ER PT J AU Cole, LL Grubb, PL Sauter, SL Swanson, NG Lawless, P AF Cole, LL Grubb, PL Sauter, SL Swanson, NG Lawless, P TI Psychosocial correlates of harassment, threats and fear of violence in the workplace SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aggression; hostility; job stress; work climate; workplace violence ID OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES; AGGRESSION; WORK AB Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate work climate factors and structural job aspects as predictors of workplace violence, with particular attention to the relative influence of both sets of factors. Methods Telephone survey data collected by a large midwestern insurance company were analyzed. Interviewers asked 598 full-time workers about their work climate, structural job aspects, and subject and workplace demographics, all of which were used as predictor variables in regression analyses. The participants were also asked about incidents of threats, harassment, physical attacks, and fear of becoming a victim of workplace violence. all of which were used as outcome measures. Results separate logistic regressions were carried out for each of the outcome measures. The study identified a variety of factors which appear to place workers at risk of nonfatal occupational violence. Work climate variables, such as co-worker support and work group harmony, were predictive of threats, harassment, and fear of becoming a victim of violence. Structural aspects of the job, such as work schedule, were also significant in predicting threats and fear of becoming a victim of violence, but they were not predictive of harassment. Conclusions This is the first study which suggests that both work climate and structural aspects of work may be important in promoting workplace violence. This finding suggests that intervention strategies should consider organizational and climate issues in addition to basic security measures. C1 NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Appl Psychol & Ergon Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NW Natl Life, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Grubb, PL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Appl Psychol & Ergon Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM PLG4@CDC.GOV NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD DEC PY 1997 VL 23 IS 6 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YR579 UT WOS:000071509400008 PM 9476809 ER PT J AU Ronnberg, B Fekadu, M Behboudi, S Kenne, L Morein, B AF Ronnberg, B Fekadu, M Behboudi, S Kenne, L Morein, B TI Effects of carbohydrate modification of Quillaja saponaria Molina QH-B fraction on adjuvant activity, cholesterol-binding capacity and toxicity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Quil A; Quillaja saponaria; carbohydrate modification; adjuvant activity; cholesterol binding activity; toxicity ID IMMUNOSTIMULATING COMPLEXES; ANTIGENIC PRESENTATION; ENVELOPED VIRUSES; SUBUNIT VACCINES; ISCOM; SAPONINS; QS-21 AB The iscom is an efficient antigen-presenting system for various antigens inducing both MHC class I and class II restricted immune responses. Protective immunity has evoked against a variety of infectious agents. The saponin adjuvant Quil A, which was originally used to form iscoms, is composed of a mixture of structurally similar triterpenoids from Quillaja saponaria Molina having different biological activities. A purified, toxic Quillaja triterpenoid fraction with strong adjuvant activity, designated QH-B, was used to study whether modification of the carbohydrate moiety with sodium periodate would alter the toxicity without harming adjuvant activity and cholesterol-binding capacity. Most sugars, and in particular Api, Gal and Xyl, were modified by periodate treatment with only minor changes of the molecular weights indicating no loss of sugar residues. The adjuvant activity of QH-B was reduced in a dose-related manner, and at a concentration of 25 mM sodium periodate a significant reduction in toxicity was observed. The differences in both toxicity and adjuvant activity of the periodate-treated QH-B could be derived from alterations in the structure of the sugars Gal and Xyl, while modification of Api may influence adjuvant activity but not toxicity in vivo. The cholesterol-binding capacity, a prerequisite for iscom formation, was not affected by periodate oxidation at the doses tested. However, the use of modified QH-B as described in the present study for iscom-matrix formation resulted in ''saponin-lipid complexes'' which, to a various degree or totally, deviated from the characteristic iscom morphology. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RABIES LAB,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,SECT VIROL,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT CHEM,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RP Ronnberg, B (reprint author), NATL VET INST,DEPT ISCOM TECHNOL,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1820 EP 1826 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00139-4 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YJ428 UT WOS:A1997YJ42800003 PM 9413088 ER PT J AU Philipp, MT Lobet, Y Bohm, RP Roberts, ED Dennis, VA Gu, Y Lowrie, RC Desmons, P Duray, PH England, JD Hauser, P Piesman, J Xu, KY AF Philipp, MT Lobet, Y Bohm, RP Roberts, ED Dennis, VA Gu, Y Lowrie, RC Desmons, P Duray, PH England, JD Hauser, P Piesman, J Xu, KY TI The outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine against Lyme disease: efficacy in the rhesus monkey SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VII LDF Annual Scientific Conference on Lyme Borreliosis CY APR 28-29, 1995 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE vaccine efficacy; OspA; Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RECOMBINANT OSPA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; A OSPA; MICE; TRANSMISSION; MODEL; NEUROBORRELIOSIS; IMMUNOGENICITY; INOCULATION AB The efficacy of an outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine in three different formulations was investigated in the rhesus monkey. The challenge infection was administered using Ixodes scapularis ticks that were infected with the B31 strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. Protection was assessed against both infection and disease, by a variety of procedures. Some of the animals were radically immune suppressed, as an attempt to reveal any putative low level infection in the vaccinated animals. The significant difference found between the spirochaetal infection rates of ticks that had fed on vaccinated vs. control monkeys, lack of seroconversion in the vaccinated animals, and the absence of spirochaetal DNA in the skin of vaccinated monkeys were protected against tick challenge. The post-mortem immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction analyses, however, suggest that these monkeys may have undergone a low-level infection that was transient. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,RIXENSART,BELGIUM. NCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RP Philipp, MT (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,TULANE REG PRIMATE RES CTR,COVINGTON,LA 70433, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00164] NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1872 EP 1887 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00133-3 PG 16 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YJ428 UT WOS:A1997YJ42800012 PM 9413097 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Kazembe, PN Watkins, WM Doumbo, OK Nwanyanwu, OC Ruebush, TK AF Bloland, PB Kazembe, PN Watkins, WM Doumbo, OK Nwanyanwu, OC Ruebush, TK TI Malarone-donation programme in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; EFFICACY; CHLOROQUINE; RESISTANCE C1 LILONGWE CENT HOSP,LILONGWE,MALAWI. WELLCOME TRUST RES LABS,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV MALI,FAC MED & PHARM,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PARASIT DIS,BAMAKO,MALI. US AGCY INT DEV,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MALARIA EPIDEMIOL SECT,DIV PARASIT DIS F22,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 29 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9091 BP 1624 EP 1625 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06082-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH986 UT WOS:A1997YH98600046 PM 9393355 ER PT J AU Black, HR Cohen, JD Kaplan, NM Ferdinand, KC Chobanian, AV Dustan, HP Gifford, RW Moser, M Sheps, SG Agodoa, L August, PA Bakris, GL Burt, V Busse, W Carter, BL Chesley, FD Cleeman, J Cohn, JN Cregler, LL Crespo, C Cushman, WC Cutler, J Darrow, MD DeQuattro, VL Devereux, RB Dworkin, LD Elliott, WJ Epstein, M Falkner, B Ferrario, CM Flack, JM Frishman, W Frohlich, ED Green, LA Grimm, RH Hagberg, JM Hall, WD Handler, J Havas, S Hill, MN Horan, MJ Hsueh, WA Hyman, BN Izzo, JL Jamerson, K Kiley, JP Kochar, MS Kolasa, KM Krakoff, LR Levy, D Lindheimer, MD Luepker, RV Malone, MEL Massie, B Materson, BJ Merchant, J Messerli, FH Miller, NH Moore, MA MustoneAlexander, L Oparil, S Perry, HM Pickering, TG Pratt, JH Ram, CVS Randall, OS Reed, JW Roberts, RW Roccella, EJ Rogus, SD Saunders, E Schron, E Schwartz, G Sibai, BM Snyder, D Sowers, JR Stamler, J Temple, R Textor, S Thom, T Vidt, DG Weber, M Weinberger, MH Weinshilboum, R Whelton, PK Whisnant, JP Wiebers, DO Winston, MC Wright, JT Lenfant, C Casser, L Colman, PJ Edwards, T Feeley, DM Gajewski, J Levine, D Manger, W Marshall, EC Nickey, WA Robert, RW Secrest, BG Singer, EH Whisnant, JP Wilson, GJ Young, JM Bachman, JW Campese, VM Carr, AA Hand, M Holden, DC Jamieson, MJ Julius, S Mensah, GA Prisant, M Sullivan, JM Wilson, DJ Morosco, G Anderson, DE Waugh, D AF Black, HR Cohen, JD Kaplan, NM Ferdinand, KC Chobanian, AV Dustan, HP Gifford, RW Moser, M Sheps, SG Agodoa, L August, PA Bakris, GL Burt, V Busse, W Carter, BL Chesley, FD Cleeman, J Cohn, JN Cregler, LL Crespo, C Cushman, WC Cutler, J Darrow, MD DeQuattro, VL Devereux, RB Dworkin, LD Elliott, WJ Epstein, M Falkner, B Ferrario, CM Flack, JM Frishman, W Frohlich, ED Green, LA Grimm, RH Hagberg, JM Hall, WD Handler, J Havas, S Hill, MN Horan, MJ Hsueh, WA Hyman, BN Izzo, JL Jamerson, K Kiley, JP Kochar, MS Kolasa, KM Krakoff, LR Levy, D Lindheimer, MD Luepker, RV Malone, MEL Massie, B Materson, BJ Merchant, J Messerli, FH Miller, NH Moore, MA MustoneAlexander, L Oparil, S Perry, HM Pickering, TG Pratt, JH Ram, CVS Randall, OS Reed, JW Roberts, RW Roccella, EJ Rogus, SD Saunders, E Schron, E Schwartz, G Sibai, BM Snyder, D Sowers, JR Stamler, J Temple, R Textor, S Thom, T Vidt, DG Weber, M Weinberger, MH Weinshilboum, R Whelton, PK Whisnant, JP Wiebers, DO Winston, MC Wright, JT Lenfant, C Casser, L Colman, PJ Edwards, T Feeley, DM Gajewski, J Levine, D Manger, W Marshall, EC Nickey, WA Robert, RW Secrest, BG Singer, EH Whisnant, JP Wilson, GJ Young, JM Bachman, JW Campese, VM Carr, AA Hand, M Holden, DC Jamieson, MJ Julius, S Mensah, GA Prisant, M Sullivan, JM Wilson, DJ Morosco, G Anderson, DE Waugh, D TI The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP PROGRAM; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE C1 NHLBI, INFORMAT CTR, NATL HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE EDUC PROGRAM, BETHESDA, MD 20894 USA. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN, MAYO MED SCH, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. ST LOUIS UNIV, HLTH SCI CTR, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED SCH, DALLAS, TX 75230 USA. HEARTBEATS LIFE CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA USA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. UNIV VERMONT, COLL MED, BURLINGTON, VT 05405 USA. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN, CLEVELAND, OH 44195 USA. YALE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. NIDDK, BETHESDA, MD USA. NEW YORK HOSP, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, SCH MED, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. CUNY, SCH MED, NEW YORK, NY 10031 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, COLL MED, MEMPHIS, TN USA. E CAROLINA UNIV, SCH MED, GREENVILLE, NC 27858 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. CORNELL UNIV, MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. RHODE ISL HOSP, PROVIDENCE, RI USA. UNIV MIAMI, SCH MED, MIAMI, FL USA. ALLEGHENY UNIV HLTH SCI, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA. WAKE FOREST UNIV, BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED, WINSTON SALEM, NC USA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR, ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. ALTON OCHSNER MED FDN & OCHSNER CLIN, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70121 USA. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE, ANAHEIM, CA USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. BAYLOR COLL MED, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. SUNY BUFFALO, BUFFALO, NY 14260 USA. MED COLL WISCONSIN, MILWAUKEE, WI 53226 USA. E CAROLINA UNIV, SCH MED, GREENVILLE, NC 27858 USA. ENGLEWOOD HOSP, ENGLEWOOD, CO USA. NHLBI, FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY, BETHESDA, MD 20894 USA. UNIV CHICAGO HOSP, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. JEFFERSON COMMUNITY COLL, LOUISVILLE, KY USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM, WASHINGTON, DC USA. STANFORD CARDIAC REHABIL PROGRAM, PALO ALTO, CA USA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH MED & HLTH SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20422 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, SCH MED, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. INDIANA UNIV, SCH MED, INDIANAPOLIS, IN USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DALLAS, TX USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. MOREHOUSE SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30310 USA. VENCOR, LOUISVILLE, KY USA. US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, SCH MED, CHICAGO, IL USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. BROOKDALE HOSP, BROOKLYN, NY USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. AMER HEART ASSOC, DALLAS, TX USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. AMER OPTOMETR ASSOC, ST LOUIS, MO USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER COLL PHYSICIANS, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. AMER PODIATR MED ASSOC, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL KIDNEY FDN, NEW YORK, NY USA. AMER RED CROSS, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA. NHLBI, AD HOC COMM MINOR POPULAT, BETHESDA, MD 20894 USA. AMER COLL CARDIOL, BETHESDA, MD USA. AMER MED ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA. AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYS, KANSAS CITY, MO USA. AMER PUBL HLTH ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. AMER ACAD OPHTHALMOL, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER NURSES ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. AMER ACAD PHYS ASSISTANTS, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA. AMER OSTEOPATH ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. US DEPT VET AFFAIRS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. AMER PHARMACEUT ASSOC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. AMER DENT ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. AMER COLL CHEST PHYS, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA. AMER DIABET ASSOC, ALEXANDRIA, VA USA. AMER ACAD NEUROL, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. AMER DIETET ASSOC, CHICAGO, IL USA. AMER COLL OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA. AUGUSTA PREVENT CARDIOL, CIRCULATORY DIS CTR, AUGUSTA, GA USA. UNIV TEXAS, HLTH SCI CTR, SAN ANTONIO, TX USA. MED COLL GEORGIA, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. ROW SCI INC, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. NR 252 TC 4449 Z9 4570 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 EI 1538-3679 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 21 BP 2413 EP 2446 PG 34 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH222 UT WOS:A1997YH22200004 ER PT J AU Ennis, FA Cruz, J Spiropoulou, CF Waite, D Peters, CJ Nichol, ST Kariwa, H Koster, FT AF Ennis, FA Cruz, J Spiropoulou, CF Waite, D Peters, CJ Nichol, ST Kariwa, H Koster, FT TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: CD8(+) and CD4(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes to epitopes on Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein isolated during acute illness SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; UNITED-STATES; TYPE-1; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; SEGMENT; DENGUE; GENOME; CLONE AB In 1993 a number of cases of unexplained adult respiratory syndrome occurred in the southwestern United States. The illness was characterized by a prodrome of fever, myalgia, and other symptoms followed by the rapid onset of a capillary leak syndrome with hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary edema. Viral RNA sequences in the lungs identified a new member of the hantavirus genus, Sin Nombre virus (SNV), unique to North America. Pulmonary endothelial cells were heavily infected but were not necrotic. We speculated that this capillary leak syndrome was initiated by immune responses to the SNV-infected pulmonary endothelial cells. We isolated a CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone directly from the blood of a patient with the acute hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) which recognizes a SNV specific epitope on the virus nucleocapsid protein (aa 234-242) that is restricted by HLA C7 and produces IFN gamma but not IL-4. We identified a second CD8(+) CTL epitope located within another site aa 131-139 on the nucleocapsid protein, which is HLA B35 restricted, and a CD4(+) CTL epitope located on a third site on nucleocapsid protein aa 372-380 using lymphocytes obtained during HPS from another patient that were stimulated in vitro. Hantavirus specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) CTL may contribute to the immunopathology and capillary leak syndrome observed in the HPS. (C) 1987 Academic Press. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP Ennis, FA (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,CTR INFECT DIS & VACCINE RES,55 LAKE AVE N,WORCESTER,MA 01655, USA. RI Kariwa, Hiroaki/A-5258-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 07272]; PHS HHS [U50 CCU111372] NR 42 TC 97 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 24 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8827 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA YK656 UT WOS:A1997YK65600022 PM 9400611 ER PT J AU DeCock, K Shaffer, N Wiktor, S Simonds, RJ Rogers, M AF DeCock, K Shaffer, N Wiktor, S Simonds, RJ Rogers, M TI Ethics of HIV trials SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 22 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9090 BP 1546 EP 1547 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63969-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YH115 UT WOS:A1997YH11500044 PM 9388414 ER PT J AU Cardo, DM Culver, DH Ciesielski, CA Srivastava, PU Marcus, R Abiteboul, D Heptonstall, J Ippolito, G Lot, F McKibben, P Bell, DM AF Cardo, DM Culver, DH Ciesielski, CA Srivastava, PU Marcus, R Abiteboul, D Heptonstall, J Ippolito, G Lot, F McKibben, P Bell, DM TI A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; HEPATITIS-B; RISK; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; TYPE-1; BLOOD; INFANT AB Background The average risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is 0.3 percent, but the factors that influence this risk are not well understood. Methods We conducted a case-control study Of health care workers with occupational, percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood. The case patients were those who became seropositive after exposure to HIV, as reported by national surveillance systems in France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The controls were health care workers in a prospective surveillance project who were exposed to HIV but did not seroconvert. Results Logistic-regression analysis based on 33 case patients and 665 controls showed that significant risk factors for seroconversion were deep injury (odds ratio=15; 95 percent confidence interval, 6.0 to 41), injury with a device that was visibly contaminated with the source patient's blood (odds ratio=6.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.2 to 21), a procedure involving a needle placed in the source patient's artery or vein (odds ratio=4.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 12), and exposure to a source patient who died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome within two months afterward (odds ratio=5.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 16). The case patients were significantly less likely than the controls to have taken zidovudine after the exposure (odds ratio=0.19; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.52). Conclusions The risk of HIV infection after percutaneous exposure increases with a larger volume of blood and, probably, a higher titer of HIV in the source patient's blood. Postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine appears to be protective. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NATL RECH & SECUR,PARIS,FRANCE. GRP ETUD RISQUE EXPOSIT SANG,PARIS,FRANCE. PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,CTR COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE,LONDON NW9 5EQ,ENGLAND. CTR RIFERIMENTO AIDS COORDINAMENTO STUDIO ITALIAN,ROME,ITALY. RESEAU NATL SANTE PUBL,ST MAURICE,FRANCE. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP E-68,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 643 Z9 672 U1 1 U2 21 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 20 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 21 BP 1485 EP 1490 DI 10.1056/NEJM199711203372101 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YG249 UT WOS:A1997YG24900001 PM 9366579 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Body iron stores and atherosclerosis SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE follow-up studies; atherosclerosis; myocardial infarction; lipoproteins; population; Editorials ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-CELL COUNT; STROKE INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SERUM-ALBUMIN; RISK; MORTALITY; DEATH; ASSOCIATION RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 18 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 10 BP 3261 EP 3263 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YH188 UT WOS:A1997YH18800004 PM 9396411 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Peterman, TA Zaidi, AA Hamers, FF AF Ebrahim, SH Peterman, TA Zaidi, AA Hamers, FF TI Geography of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in Europe SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE geography; epidemiology; AIDS; Kaposi's sarcoma; etiology; Europe ID DNA-SEQUENCES; CASE-DEFINITION; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; HERPESVIRUS; RISK; RECIPIENTS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; PROSTATE AB Background: Classical Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is about four times more common in southern Europeans than in northern Europeans. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of AIDS-associated KS (AIDS-KS) in Europe and to determine whether it occurs with increased frequency in southern Europe. Methods: Analysis of the 'European non-aggregate AIDS data set', as of September 1995. Countries with a cumulative total of greater than or equal to 50 KS cases as the presenting manifestation of AIDS were included. Homosexual men were excluded from south versus non-south comparisons because of possible confounding effects due to their route of HIV transmission. Results: KS was the presenting manifestation of AIDS for 13.3% (16 367 out of 122 679) of men and 2% (491 out of 24 826) of women. In all countries, the risk for KS was higher in individuals who acquired HIV infection via sexual rather than parenteral transmission. Among AIDS patients, there is little difference by sex in the risk of KS in injecting drug users (IDU) or transfusion recipients. The percentage with KS increased with age among homosexual and bisexual men, from 10% in the age group 15-19 years to 23% in the age group 30-39 years. In all countries, the percentage with KS declined over time. The risk of KS was not significantly higher in southern Europe. The percentage with KS in southern Europe was slightly lower than in northern Europe (P > 0.1) in male IDU (1.8% versus 2.1%), and only slightly higher (P > 0.1) in female IDU (1.5% versus 1.1%), in male transfusion recipients (3.5% versus 3.0%), in female transfusion recipients (2.4% versus 2.3%), and in both heterosexual men (7.5% versus 6.2%) and women (2.0% versus 1.6%) excluding those originating from countries where heterosexual HIV transmission is frequent. Conclusions: The strong geographic predilection described for classical KS in southern Europe was not seen for AIDS-KS. If KS is caused by a viral infection in an immunodeficient host, our findings suggest the geographical variations in classical KS are not due to variation in prevalence of the causative virus but may be due to geographical variations in the prevalence of a form of mild immunodeficiency. C1 EUROPEAN CTR EPIDEMIOL MONITORING AIDS,ST MAURICE,FRANCE. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV OFF,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,MAILSTOP EO6,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 14 BP 1739 EP 1745 DI 10.1097/00002030-199714000-00011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE604 UT WOS:A1997YE60400011 PM 9386809 ER PT J AU Nagachinta, T Duerr, A Suriyanon, V Nantachit, N Rugpao, S Wanapirak, C Srisomboon, J Kamtorn, N Tovanabutra, S Mundee, Y Yutrabutr, Y Kaewvichit, R Rungruengthanakit, K deBoer, M Tansuhaj, A Flowers, L Khamboonruang, C Celentano, DD Nelson, KE AF Nagachinta, T Duerr, A Suriyanon, V Nantachit, N Rugpao, S Wanapirak, C Srisomboon, J Kamtorn, N Tovanabutra, S Mundee, Y Yutrabutr, Y Kaewvichit, R Rungruengthanakit, K deBoer, M Tansuhaj, A Flowers, L Khamboonruang, C Celentano, DD Nelson, KE TI Risk factors for HIV-1 transmission from HIV-seropositive male blood donors to their regular female partners in northern Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE blood donors; sexually transmitted diseases; heterosexual transmission; contraceptives; Thailand ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WOMAN SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; YOUNG MEN; INFECTION; POPULATIONS; DISEASE; COHORT AB Objective: To describe risks for HIV transmission from male blood donors to their regular female sex partners in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: From March 1992 through September 1995, 405 HIV-seropositive male blood donors (index cases) and their regular female partners were enrolled in the study. Women with risk factors for HIV infection other than sexual contact with the index male were excluded. Couples were interviewed and examined; specimens were collected for laboratory analysis. Results: Overall, 46% of the 405 women enrolled were HIV-positive. Ninety-eight per cent of male index cases had a history of sex with a female prostitute; 1.5% reported always using condoms with their regular partner. History of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and swollen inguinal lymph nodes in the female partner were associated with an increased risk of HIV infection in the female. History in the female of genital herpes [odds ratio (OR), 3.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50-8.78], gonorrhea or chlamydia infection (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.39-5.53), and stable relationship of longer than 24 months (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.02-5.09) were associated with an increased risk of HIV infection in the female. Consistent condom use in the past 2 years (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.79) was associated with a decreased risk of HIV infection in the female. Conclusions: Married women in northern Thailand who appear otherwise to be at low risk for HIV infection may be exposed to this virus by their husbands. High rates of sex with commercial sex workers among men and low use of condoms within stable relationships may be important factors promoting the transmission of HIV in married couples. Programs to increase the regular use of condoms among married couples could be an important public health intervention to prevent transmission of HIV and other types of STD in northern Thailand. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. CHIANG MAI UNIV,CHIANG MAI 50000,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CONTRACEPT RES & DEV PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 14 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.1097/00002030-199714000-00014 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE604 UT WOS:A1997YE60400014 PM 9386812 ER PT J AU Prevots, DR Watson, JC Redd, SC Atkinson, WA BurksWeathers, L Snyder, S Wainscott, B Finger, R AF Prevots, DR Watson, JC Redd, SC Atkinson, WA BurksWeathers, L Snyder, S Wainscott, B Finger, R TI Outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations: Implications for studies of vaccine performance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 JEFFERSON CTY HLTH DEPT,LOUISVILLE,KY 40202. KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,FRANKFORT,KY 40621. RP Prevots, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 10 BP 881 EP 882 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF882 UT WOS:A1997YF88200010 PM 9384208 ER PT J AU Fine, PEM Zell, ER AF Fine, PEM Zell, ER TI Outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations: Implications for studies of vaccine performance - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Fine, PEM (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 10 BP 882 EP 882 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF882 UT WOS:A1997YF88200011 ER PT J AU Sham, RL Ou, CY Braggins, C Phatak, PD AF Sham, RL Ou, CY Braggins, C Phatak, PD TI Correlation between genotype and phenotype in hereditary hemochromatosis. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ROCHESTER GEN HOSP,ROCHESTER,NY 14621. MARY M GOOLEY HEMOPHILIA CTR INC,ROCHESTER,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 28 EP 28 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400028 ER PT J AU Soucie, JM Evatt, BL AF Soucie, JM Evatt, BL TI The occurrence of hemophilia in the United States. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,HEMOPHILIA SURVEILLANCE SYST PROJECT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 138 EP 138 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400138 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Hooper, WC Austin, H Lally, C Wenger, NK Evatt, BL AF Dilley, A Hooper, WC Austin, H Lally, C Wenger, NK Evatt, BL TI The prevalence of the prothrombin 20210G->A variant in African-Americans SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 652 EP 652 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400652 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Dilley, A Evatt, BL Renshaw, M Wenger, NK AF Hooper, WC Dilley, A Evatt, BL Renshaw, M Wenger, NK TI Prevalence of the C->T677, T833C and G(919) a mutations in the MTHFR and CBS genes in African-Americans with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 668 EP 668 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400668 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Dilley, A Lally, C Evatt, BL Cole, D Benson, J Wenger, NK AF Hooper, WC Dilley, A Lally, C Evatt, BL Cole, D Benson, J Wenger, NK TI Myocardial infarction in African-Americans is associated with insertion/deletion polymorphism of the T-PA gene but not with the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 669 EP 669 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400669 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Dilley, A Saidi, P Evatt, B Ellingsen, D Hooper, WC AF Philipp, CS Dilley, A Saidi, P Evatt, B Ellingsen, D Hooper, WC TI Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and risk of venous thrombosis following total HIP arthroplasty. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UMDNJ,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 674 EP 674 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400674 ER PT J AU Krueger, LJ Rao, PH DallaFavera, R Lin, JC Dunn, SP Chaganti, RSK AF Krueger, LJ Rao, PH DallaFavera, R Lin, JC Dunn, SP Chaganti, RSK TI Third-arm in B cell lymphomagenesis: Frequent genomic imbalances and amplification of BCL6 in Burkitt's lymphoma SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ALLEGHENY UNIV HLTH SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 776 EP 776 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42400776 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Evatt, BL Renshaw, M AF Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Evatt, BL Renshaw, M TI Activated protein C induction of MCP-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: A possible role for endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1329 EP 1329 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42401328 ER PT J AU Soucie, JM Robertson, BH Bell, BP McCaustland, KA Evatt, NL AF Soucie, JM Robertson, BH Bell, BP McCaustland, KA Evatt, NL TI Hepatitis A virus infections associated with clotting factor concentrate in the United States. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 1817 EP 1817 PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG424 UT WOS:A1997YG42401813 ER PT J AU Novinger, S Phillips, DJ Evatt, BL Renshaw, M Hooper, WC AF Novinger, S Phillips, DJ Evatt, BL Renshaw, M Hooper, WC TI Protein S production in human aortic smooth muscle cells and its inhibition by TGF-beta 1. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATHENS,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3056 EP 3056 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42500366 ER PT J AU Phillips, DJ Renshaw, M Evatt, BL Rickles, FR Hooper, WC AF Phillips, DJ Renshaw, M Evatt, BL Rickles, FR Hooper, WC TI The procoagulant effect of homocysteine on the human HepG-2 hepatoma cells. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3159 EP 3159 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42500469 ER PT J AU Slade, BA Vogt, RF Marti, GE Bray, RA Holden, JT Lybarger, JA AF Slade, BA Vogt, RF Marti, GE Bray, RA Holden, JT Lybarger, JA TI VOCs and PCBs: Risk factors for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders? SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ATSDR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NCEH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 90 IS 10 SU 1 BP 3957 EP 3957 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YG425 UT WOS:A1997YG42501266 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A Koch, G Westrom, L AF Hadgu, A Koch, G Westrom, L TI Analysis of ectopic pregnancy data using marginal and conditional models SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MULTIVARIATE METHODS; BINARY DATA; REGRESSION; TRENDS; FERTILITY; OUTCOMES; WOMEN AB This work is motivated by a longitudinal study of women and their ectopic pregnancy outcomes in Lund, Sweden. In this article, we review and apply the Liang-Zeger methodology to the Lund ectopic pregnancy data set. We further analyse the ectopic pregnancy data using conditional modelling approaches suggested by Rosner and Bonney. From the Lund ectopic pregnancy data, we learned that PID is the strongest predictor of subsequent development of ectopic pregnancy and that there is a monotone relationship between PID severity and ectopic pregnancy. We also learned that the presence of mycoplasma from lower or upper genital tract sites at index laparoscopy is also a strong predictor of ectopic pregnancy. Other correlates of ectopic pregnancy include age at pregnancy and history of gynaecologic surgery. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC. LUND UNIV,LUND,SWEDEN. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 21 BP 2403 EP 2417 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA YC779 UT WOS:A1997YC77900002 PM 9364650 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Nahlen, B Ofulla, AVO Caba, J Ayisi, J Oloo, A Misore, A Nahmias, AJ Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Moore, JM Nahlen, B Ofulla, AVO Caba, J Ayisi, J Oloo, A Misore, A Nahmias, AJ Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI A simple perfusion technique for isolation of maternal intervillous blood mononuclear cells from human placentae SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; immunology; placenta; mononuclear cells; lymphoproliferation; cytokines ID DECREASED LEVELS; PREGNANCY; LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTIONS AB A noninvasive perfusion method for the recovery of maternal placental (intervillous) blood for use in immunologic assays is described. 60% of the perfused blood samples tested for fetal red blood cell (RBC) contamination were found to be pure maternal blood; in the remainder, fetal RBC contamination, with a single exception, was less than 6%. The intervillous mononuclear cells (IVBMC) isolated from this blood were of predominantly maternal origin as demonstrated by a polymerase chain reaction-based DNA typing technique. The number of IVBMC obtained was within the range of 9 to 55 x 10(6) cells. Phenotypic analysis of IVBMC surface antigens revealed that 61% of the cells were CD3 + T-cells and 18% were CD19 + B-cells. The CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte subsets accounted for 28 and 26% of the IVBMC, respectively. The IVBMC were functionally competent as evidenced by in vitro lymphoproliferation and cytokine production in response to mitogen and PPD stimulation. This technique allows for rapid and safe isolation of large numbers of IVBMC which are functionally active up to 12 h post-delivery, thus representing a significant improvement over previously described methods. It should facilitate more vigorous research in the study of uteroplacental immunity and infectious disease research, particularly in field settings where sample collection and laboratory facilities are distant. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Maseno Univ Coll, Dept Zool, Maseno, Kenya. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), CDC, DPD, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD NOV 10 PY 1997 VL 209 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(97)00162-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA YP220 UT WOS:000071254600010 PM 9448038 ER PT J AU Johnson, AM Bowen, MD Ksiazek, TG Williams, RJ Bryan, RT Mills, JN Peters, CJ Nichol, ST AF Johnson, AM Bowen, MD Ksiazek, TG Williams, RJ Bryan, RT Mills, JN Peters, CJ Nichol, ST TI Laguna Negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; 4 CORNERS HANTAVIRUS; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE; STRAIN HALLNAS B1; S-GENOMIC SEGMENT; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; HANTAAN VIRUS AB A large outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) recently occurred in the Chaco region of Paraguay. Using PCR approaches, partial virus genome sequences were obtained from 5 human sera, and spleens from 5 Calomys laucha rodents from the outbreak area. Genetic analysis revealed a newly discovered hantavirus, Laguna Negra (LN) virus, to be associated with the HPS outbreak and established a direct genetic link between the virus detected in the HPS cases and in the C. laucha rodents, implicating them as the primary rodent reservoir for LN virus in Paraguay. Virus isolates were obtained from two C. laucha, and represent the first successful isolation of a pathogenic South American hantavirus. Analysis of the prototype LN virus entire S and M and partial L segment nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed that this virus is unique among the Sigmodontinae-borne clade of hantaviruses. Analysis of PCR fragments amplified from a serum sample from a Chilean HPS patient, who had recently traveled extensively in Bolivia (where C. laucha are known to occur), revealed an LN virus variant that was approximately 15% different at the nucleotide level and identical at the deduced amino acid level relative to the Paraguayan LN virus. These data suggest that LN virus may cause HPS in several countries in this geographic region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 66 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8840 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA YG860 UT WOS:A1997YG86000014 PM 9375015 ER PT J AU Levine, MM Levine, OS AF Levine, MM Levine, OS TI Influence of disease burden, public perception, and other factors on new vaccine development, implementation, and continued use SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ENTERIC-COATED CAPSULES; ORAL CHOLERA VACCINE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; FIELD TRIAL; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RURAL BANGLADESH; TYPHOID VACCINE; SEROGROUP AB The development, implementation, and continued use of new vaccines depends on several factors. Although disease burden seems like an obvious quantitative measure for setting priorities for new vaccine development and use, resources are not always allocated proportionately. This is particularly evident for diseases that are unique (or largely limited) to people in developing countries. Public pressure based on perceptions of the risks associated with a disease or vaccine, the cost of new vaccines, and the ability to incorporate them into existing vaccination programmes also need to be considered in the decision to introduce new vaccines. Vaccine manufacturers play an important part in development of new vaccines, and therefore, the issues that are important to them, namely, production, intellectual property rights, and product liability, must be addressed. By advocating rational decisions, supported by accurate information, scientists and public-health professionals can have an important role in transforming the potential of new vaccines into the reality of new vaccine-preventable diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP DIS BRANCHE,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Levine, MM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 8 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9088 BP 1386 EP 1392 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)03253-4 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YE872 UT WOS:A1997YE87200048 PM 9365466 ER PT J AU Sun, XW Kuhn, L Ellerbrock, TV Chiasson, MA Bush, TJ Wright, TC AF Sun, XW Kuhn, L Ellerbrock, TV Chiasson, MA Bush, TJ Wright, TC TI Human papillomavirus infection in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION; RISK; DYSPLASIA AB Background Among women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. However, little is known about the natural history of HPV infections in HIV-seropositive women, and persistent HPV infections may explain the increased risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women. Methods A total of 220 HIV-seropositive and 231 HIV-seronegative women in the New York City area were evaluated at two or more semiannual gynecologic examinations that included a Pap test, a test for HPV DNA, and colposcopy. Results HPV DNA was detected at the initial ex amination in 56 percent of the HIV-seropositive and 31 percent of the HIV-seronegative women. After four examinations, the cumulative prevalence of HPV infection was 83 percent in the seropositive women and 62 percent in the seronegative women (P<0.001). Persistent HPV infections were found in 24 percent of the seropositive women but in only 4 percent of the seronegative women (P<0.001). Twenty percent of the seropositive women and 3 percent of the seronegative women had persistent infections with HPV-16-associated viral types (16, 31, 33, 35, or 58) or HPV-18-associated types (18 or 45) (P<0.001), which are most strongly associated with cervical cancer. The detection of HPV DNA in women with previously negative tests was not associated with sexual activity during the interval since the preceding examination. Conclusions HIV-seropositive women have a high rate of persistent HPV infections with the types of HPV that are strongly associated with the development of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer. These persistent infections may explain the increased incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-seropositive women. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. COLUMBIA UNIV,GERTRUDE H SERGIEVSKY CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10027. COLUMBIA UNIV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10027. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS INTERVENT RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RI Manzotti, Grazia/C-5985-2008 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206822] NR 20 TC 355 Z9 370 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 19 BP 1343 EP 1349 DI 10.1056/NEJM199711063371903 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YE446 UT WOS:A1997YE44600003 PM 9358128 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Kool, JL Carpenter, J Butler, JC AF Fiore, AE Kool, JL Carpenter, J Butler, JC TI Eradicating Legionella from hospital water - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 17 BP 1404 EP 1405 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC917 UT WOS:A1997YC91700022 ER PT J AU Reggy, AA Rogers, MF Simonds, RJ AF Reggy, AA Rogers, MF Simonds, RJ TI Using 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythynaidine (AZT) to prevent perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission and risk of transplacental carcinogenesis SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV-INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE RP Reggy, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,OFF & DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 21 BP 1566 EP 1567 DI 10.1093/jnci/89.21.1566 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YD840 UT WOS:A1997YD84000002 PM 9362149 ER PT J AU Brinton, LA Benichou, J Gammon, MD Brogan, DR Coates, R Schoenberg, JB AF Brinton, LA Benichou, J Gammon, MD Brogan, DR Coates, R Schoenberg, JB TI Ethnicity and variation in breast cancer incidence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; BLACK-WOMEN; WHITE AB A breast cancer case-control study in Atlanta and 5 counties of central New Jersey involving interviews with 960 white and 281 black cases younger than 54 years of age enabled assessment of reasons for the varying incidence rates among these 2 ethnic groups. Of interest was why rates of breast cancer are higher among older white women, a trend that is reversed among very young women (<40 years). Calculation of the prevalence of exposure to classic and speculative risk factors and associated relative risks enabled derivation of population attributable risks (PARs) for the various combinations of age and ethnic groups. A higher PAR was derived for older (40-54 years) white (62%) than black (54%) women, which appeared to account for the observed difference in incidence between the 2 ethnic groups. Most of the difference in PARs between older whites and blacks was accounted for by whites having fewer births, later ages at first birth and slightly higher risks associated with reproductive and menstrual factors. Consideration of only well-established breast cancer risk factors showed a PAR among older whites of 57%, an estimate comparable to those previously published. Slightly higher overall PARs were derived when analyses considered several speculative but modifiable risk factors, including years of use of oral contraceptives, body size and alcohol consumption. Many of the analyses among younger women (20-39 years) were limited by available numbers, but it appeared that very little disease occurrence in young black women was associated with the factors studied. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV ROUEN,SCH MED,ROUEN,FRANCE. COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,NEW YORK,NY. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOSTAT,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,APPL CANCER EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,TRENTON,NJ. RP Brinton, LA (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & GENET,EXECUT PLAZA N,ROOM 443,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 20 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD NOV 4 PY 1997 VL 73 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19971104)73:3<349::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-# PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YE849 UT WOS:A1997YE84900008 PM 9359481 ER PT J AU Fenton, KA Peterman, TA AF Fenton, KA Peterman, TA TI HIV partner notification: taking a new look SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV; partner notification; contact tracing evaluation; prevention ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; FIELD FOLLOW-UP; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, NATL CTR STD HIV TB PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Fenton, KA (reprint author), UCL, SCH MED, DEPT SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS, MORTIMER MARKET CTR, OFF CAPPER ST, LONDON WC1E 6AU, ENGLAND. NR 123 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1535 EP 1546 DI 10.1097/00002030-199713000-00001 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE146 UT WOS:A1997YE14600001 PM 9365757 ER PT J AU Ziegler, JL Newton, R KatongoleMbidde, E Mbulataiye, S DeCock, K Wabinga, H Mugerwa, J Katabira, E Jaffe, H Parkin, DM Reeves, G Weiss, R Beral, V AF Ziegler, JL Newton, R KatongoleMbidde, E Mbulataiye, S DeCock, K Wabinga, H Mugerwa, J Katabira, E Jaffe, H Parkin, DM Reeves, G Weiss, R Beral, V TI Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-positive subjects in Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Kaposi's sarcoma; HIV; Uganda; AIDS; AIDS-related neoplasm ID DNA-SEQUENCES; HERPESVIRUS; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; KSHV AB Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is associated epidemiologically with HIV infection and with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8 or KSHV). Both KS and HIV infection are common in Uganda. We conducted a case-control study of 458 HIV-seropositive Ugandan adults with KS and 568 HIV-seropositive subjects without KS to examine risk factors for HIV-associated KS. Methods: We recruited newly diagnosed adult KS cases from five hospitals in Kampala, Uganda and controls from a large referral clinic for HIV infection at Mulago Hospital. All cases and controls were counselled and tested for HIV and answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire about their home, socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle and sexual behaviour before they became ill. Only HIV-seropositive subjects were included in the analysis. Results: There were 295 males and 163 females with KS and 227 mate and 341 female controls. Age distribution was similar but there was a higher proportion of cases (45%) than controls (29%) residing in rural regions of Uganda. KS cases were more likely than controls to have a higher level of education (chi(2) for trend, 4.8; P = 0.03), to have occupations associated with affluence [chi(2) for heterogeneity, 17.3 on 5 degrees of freedom (df); P = 0.004] and to come from larger settlements [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for settlements of >1000 venus 10-99 houses, 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-3.0]. Cases were more likely than controls to have high household income (chi(2) for trend, 32.6; P < 0.001) and other markers of urban or rural wealth such as owning several cows (chi(2) for trend, 9.5; P = 0.002). Cases were more likely to travel away from home (adjusted OR, 1.6, 95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and more likely to have spent increasing time in contact with water (chi(2) for trend, 12.3; P < 0.001). Few indices of sexual behaviour were related to risk of KS, including reported number of sexual partners. Cases were more likely than controls to be married to one rather than several spouses (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2) and to have reported a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3). Conclusions: Among HIV-infected subjects, KS cases are characterized by better education and greater affluence, compared with controls. Urban address, travel away from home, exposure to water, monogamous marriage and self-reported STD were also more frequent among KS cases than controls. The higher socio-economic status of persons with HIV and KS may be a marker for enhanced exposure to a possibly sexually transmitted agent, or for a delayed exposure to a childhood infection. The risk posed by exposure to water among KS cases requires further study. C1 UNIV OXFORD,RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. WHO,INT AGCY RES CANC,LYON,FRANCE. MAKERERE UNIV,SCH MED,KAMPALA,UGANDA. UGANDA CANC INST,KAMPALA,UGANDA. LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,LONDON WC1,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. INST CANC RES,CHESTER BEATTY LABS,LONDON SW3 6JB,ENGLAND. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 26 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1619 EP 1626 DI 10.1097/00002030-199713000-00011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE146 UT WOS:A1997YE14600011 PM 9365767 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Chu, SY AF Selik, RM Chu, SY TI Years of potential life lost due to HIV infection in the United States SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV infection; epidemiology and mortality; mortality trends; life expectancy; longevity; cause of death trends; United States ID PREMATURE MORTALITY; LEADING CAUSE; YOUNG-ADULTS; AIDS; DEATH; EPIDEMIC; CITIES AB Objective: To compare premature mortality due to HIV infection with that from other causes of death in the United States, so as to provide a basis for allocating public health resources among causes of death that would be more useful than either total or age-specific mortality data. Methods: Using death certificate data, we calculated years of potential life lost (YPLL) before age 65 years for each cause of death. We defined YPLL for an individual as the difference between 65 years and the age al death if the age was < 65 years, or zero if the age was greater than or equal to 65 years. The YPLL in the population was the sum of YPLL for individuals. Results: In 1995, HIV infection was the fourth leading cause of YPLL nationally, accounting for 4.7 YPLL per 1000 population (all under age 65 years; 8.8% of the 53.9 YPLL from all causes per 1000 population). Among males, HIV infection ranked fourth (11.0% of YPLL) nationally and in 1994 was the top cause of YPLL in four states: New York (causing 22.7% of YPLL), Florida (18.1%), New Jersey (17.6%) and Maryland (13.9%); and in 51 cities of greater than or equal to 100 000, total population, where it caused 12.6-50.9% of YPLL. In 1995, among females, HIV ranked sixth (4.5% of YPLL) nationally and in 1994 was the leading cause of YPLL in 11 cities (11.6-31.4%). Conclusion: HIV infection has become the fourth leading cause of premature mortality, measured in terms of YPLL, in the United States and the leading cause in a sizeable number of United States cities. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PROGRAM,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1635 EP 1639 DI 10.1097/00002030-199713000-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE146 UT WOS:A1997YE14600013 PM 9365769 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Chu, SY Fleming, PL Ward, JW AF Sullivan, PS Chu, SY Fleming, PL Ward, JW TI Changes in AIDS incidence for men who have sex with men, United States 1990-1995 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; homosexual men; AIDS ID HOMOSEXUAL BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; INCIDENCE TRENDS; RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV; RATES; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; SEEKING; HEALTH AB Objectives: To describe changes in AIDS incidence for men who have sex with men (MSM) from 1990 to 1995, by demographic and geographic groups. Methods: We examined national AIDS surveillance data reported up to 30 September 1996, for men who received AIDS diagnoses in the years 1990-1995 and whose only reported risk behavior was sex with men. We evaluated trends in AIDS rates by estimating the incidence of clinical AIDS (AIDS defined by opportunistic illnesses), and report clinical AIDS incidence rates for MSM (AIDS rates) and proportional change in rates from 1990 to 1995. Results: Clinical AIDS rates (MSM per 100 000 men per year) increased by 12%, from 25.5% in 1990 to 28.5% in 1995. Significant variations in AIDS rates and 5-year changes in AIDS rates were observed in various subgroups of MSM. Five-year increases in AIDS rates were highest for American-Indian/Alaskan native (53%), black (45%), and Hispanic (23%) MSM; the only decrease occurred for white MSM (-2%). Incidence for black MSM increased from twofold (in 1990) to threefold (in 1995) the rate for white MSM. Large increases in AIDS rates were observed for MSM in rural areas (34%) and areas with 50 000 to 249 999 residents (34%) and for MSM aged over 60 years (32%). Conclusions: The high national AIDS rate for MSM continued to rise, but more slowly than earlier in the epidemic. Racial/ethnic minority MSM had consistently large increases in AIDS rates; AIDS rates decreased only slightly for white MSM. The AIDS epidemic among MSM is not homogenous, and AIDS rates continue to increase for minority MSM, and MSM living in rural areas. HIV prevention remains a high priority for all MSM, especially black: and Hispanic MSM. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1641 EP 1646 DI 10.1097/00002030-199713000-00014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE146 UT WOS:A1997YE14600014 PM 9365770 ER PT J AU EttiegneTraore, V Ghys, PD VanDamme, L NKrumah, M Maiga, A Tiemele, A Mahbi, G Coulibaly, IM Laga, M Greenberg, AE AF EttiegneTraore, V Ghys, PD VanDamme, L NKrumah, M Maiga, A Tiemele, A Mahbi, G Coulibaly, IM Laga, M Greenberg, AE TI Acceptability and feasibility of a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of a microbicide-containing vaginal gel to prevent HIV infection among female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID NONOXYNOL-9 USE C1 INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NATL AIDS STD TB CONTROL PROGRAM,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST NATL SANTE PUBL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP EttiegneTraore, V (reprint author), PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1660 EP 1662 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE146 UT WOS:A1997YE14600023 PM 9365779 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Rudolph, DL Dezzutti, CS Shibata, N Naik, S Caughman, SW Lal, RB AF Owen, SM Rudolph, DL Dezzutti, CS Shibata, N Naik, S Caughman, SW Lal, RB TI Transcriptional activation of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) gene by human T lymphotropic virus types I and II Tax is mediated through a palindromic response element SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE; HTLV-I; EXPRESSION; ICAM-1; INDUCTION; PROMOTER AB In vitro infection of T cells with human T lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) resulted in constitutive expression of ICAM-1. Higher levels of ICAM-1 mRNA were expressed in HTLV-transformed cell lines (MT-2, MoT, C8166) when compared with uninfected T cell lines (A301), We demonstrate that this activation is conferred through a site on the ICAM-1 promoter that is activated in trans by the Tax protein of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Enhanced promoter activity was detected when the ICAM-1 construct (-1162/+1) was transfected into HTLV-I-infected (MT-2), HTLV-II-infected (MoT, AI 1050), or an HTLV-I Tax-only-expressing (C8166) cell line as compared to the uninfected T cell line (A3.01). Cotransfection of the uninfected T cell line A3.01 with the ICAM construct along with Tax-I and Tax-II expression plasmid also resulted in increased promoter activity, Furthermore, experiments with deletion constructs of the ICAM-1 promoter region indicated that a region between -88 and -53 bp relative to the transcription start site is sufficient for Tax-inducible CAT expression, This segment includes an Il-bp palindromic segment (TTTCCGGGAAA) that has homology with the IFN-gamma and IL-6 response element, An Il-bp segment containing this regulatory region proved to be sufficient to confer Tax-I and Tax-II inducibility on a heterologous promoter (TK-CAT), Taken together these findings indicate that constitutive expression of ICAM-1 by HTLV-infected cells is influenced by the viral trans-activator protein Tax, This increased expression of ICAM-1 in response to the Tax protein may play an important role in the lymphoproliferation associated with HTLV infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,EMORY SKIN DIS RES CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-42687, AR-41206] NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 16 BP 1429 EP 1437 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.1429 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YD668 UT WOS:A1997YD66800011 PM 9359663 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Schwartz, B AF Dowell, SF Schwartz, B TI The antibiotics vs. resistant organisms arms race - In reply SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Letter ID RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP C-23,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 7 BP 1724 EP & PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YF885 UT WOS:A1997YF88500007 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI ELPAT program report: Background and current status (July 1997) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAD RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY MS-R8,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 768 EP 771 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF883 UT WOS:A1997YF88300003 PM 9373921 ER PT J AU Schlecht, PC Song, RG Groff, JH Feng, HA Esche, CA AF Schlecht, PC Song, RG Groff, JH Feng, HA Esche, CA TI Interlaboratory and intralaboratory variabilities in the Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) Program SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE correlation coefficient; interlaboratory relative standard deviation; intralaboratory relative standard deviation; relative standard deviation; variance components ID PERFORMANCE; LABORATORIES AB The Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) Program evaluates over 400 laboratories that perform lead measurements in paints, soils, and dusts. A previous National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health study, based on the ELPAT data over a 3-year period (1992-1995), found no large biases among common hotplate and microwave digestion technique, but did detect small consistent bias between two common instrumental methods. This study expands on the earlier study by examining the total sample variability and its variation components (interlaboratory and intralaboratory). A correlation model was used to separate the variation components by estimating a variation ratio. The correlation model leads to a more general approach than a sample pairing technique developed by Youden. This study found no significant evidence that the relative contribution of intralaboratory and interlaboratory variability to total variability charges with lead loading levels. There were no significant differences in the relative contribution of variation components among three most commonly use analytical methods (combinations of sample preparation techniques and instrumental methods). The interlaboratory relative standard deviation is about 1.7 times the intralaboratory relative standard deviation. Both variation components are important parts of total variation although the laboratory-to-laboratory (including analyst-to-analyst) difference is greater than the within laboratory (including sample-to-sample) variation. C1 NIOSH,HGO,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Schlecht, PC (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY MS-R8,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 779 EP 786 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0779:IAIVIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF883 UT WOS:A1997YF88300005 PM 9373923 ER PT J AU Earnest, GS Mickelsen, RL McCammon, JB OBrien, DM AF Earnest, GS Mickelsen, RL McCammon, JB OBrien, DM TI Carbon monoxide poisonings from small, gasoline-powered, internal combustion engines: Just what is a ''well-ventilated area''? SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; gasoline-powered engines; modeling; ventilation AB This study modeled the time required for a gasoline-powered, 5 horsepower (hp), 4-cycle engine to generate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations exceeding the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 200-ppm ceiling and 1200-ppm immediately dangerous to life and health concentration for various room sizes and ventilation rates. The model permitted the ambiguous term ''well-ventilated area'' to be defined. The model was compared with field data collected at a site where two workers were poisoned while operating a 5-hp concrete saw in a bathroom having open doors and an operating ventilation system. There is agreement between both the modeled and field-generated data, indicating that hazardous CO concentrations can develop within minutes. Comparison of field and modeling data showed the measured CO generation rate at approximately one-half of the value used in the model, which may be partially because the engine used in the field was not under load during data collection. The generation rate and room size from the actual poisoning was then used in the model. The model determined that ventilation rates of nearly 5000 ft(3)/min (120 air changes per hour) would by required to prevent the CO concentration from exceeding the 200-ppm ceiling for short periods. Results suggest that small gasoline-powered engines should not be operated inside of buildings or in semienclosed spaces and that manufactures of such tools should improve their warnings and develop engineering control options for better user protection. RP Earnest, GS (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0787:CMPFSG>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF883 UT WOS:A1997YF88300006 PM 9373924 ER PT J AU Marinovic, AC May, WA Sowell, AL Khan, LK Huff, DL Bowman, BA AF Marinovic, AC May, WA Sowell, AL Khan, LK Huff, DL Bowman, BA TI Effect of hemolysis on serum retinol as assessed by direct fluorometry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hemolysis; serum retinol; vitamin A deficiency; nutritional assessment; hemoglobin; HPLC; direct fluorometry; children ID VITAMIN-A; BLOOD AB To assess the effect of hemolysis on serum retinol concentrations determined by direct fluorometry, we assayed 196 blood samples from children 6-72-mo of age with various grades of hemolysis for serum retinol by both fluorescence and HPLC. Mean serum retinol concentrations determined by HPLC did not differ significantly according to hemolysis grade; however, fluorometric values did. Additionally, serum retinol concentrations obtained from HPLC and those obtained from direct fluorometry were significantly different in samples with severe hemolysis. Multivariate-regression analysis showed that hemolysis grade was a significant predictor of the difference in mean serum retinol values determined by the two methods. Although severe hemolysis interfered with determinations of serum retinol by direct fluorometry, this method is still a viable choice for field studies of vitamin A status. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1164 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YD648 UT WOS:A1997YD64800015 PM 9356533 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Flanders, WD TI Sample size requirements in case-only designs to detect gene-environment interaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; epidemiologic methods; gene-environment interaction; genes; sample size ID PARENTAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; BLADDER-CANCER; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK; GENOTYPE; CARCINOGENESIS; POLYMORPHISM; ALCOHOLISM; PHENOTYPE AB With advances in molecular genetic technology, more studies will examine gene-environment interaction in disease etiology. If the primary purpose of the study is to estimate the effect of gene-environment interaction in disease etiology, one can do so without employing controls, The case-only design has been promoted as an efficient and valid method for screening for gene-environment interaction, The authors derive a method for estimating sample size requirements, present sample size estimates, and compare minimum sample size requirements to detect gene-environment interaction in case-only studies with case-control studies, Assuming independence between exposure and genotype in the population, the authors believe that the case-only design is more efficient than a case-control design in detecting gene-environment interaction, They also illustrate a method to estimate sample size when information on marginal effects (relative risk) of exposure and genotype is available from previous studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF GENET & DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 9 BP 713 EP 720 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF572 UT WOS:A1997YF57200005 PM 9366618 ER PT J AU Schendel, DE Stockbauer, JW Hoffman, HJ Herman, AA Berg, CJ Schramm, WF AF Schendel, DE Stockbauer, JW Hoffman, HJ Herman, AA Berg, CJ Schramm, WF TI Relation between very low birth weight and developmental delay among preschool children without disabilities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; child development; infant, very low birth weight ID COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; GESTATIONAL-AGE; SCHOOL-AGE; INFANTS; PRETERM; RISK; METAANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; COHORT AB The authors examined the relation between very low birth weight (VLBW: <1,500 g) and possible developmental delay (DELAY) in the absence of frank developmental disability among young children. The prevalence of DELAY in a population-based cohort (Missouri resident births born from December 1989 through March 1991) of singleton VLBW children (n = 367) was compared with the prevalence of DELAY among both moderately low birth weight (MLBW: 1,500-2,499 g; n = 553) and normal birth weight (NEW: greater than or equal to 2,500 g; n = 555) singleton control children. DELAY was defined by nine measures of performance on the Denver Developmental Screening Test II at a median adjusted age of 15 months (range: 9-34 months). Subjects were asymptomatic for disabling conditions at developmental follow-up. Apparently well VLBW children were consistently at greater risk for both moderate and severe measures of DELAY and for DELAY across four functional areas than were either the MLBW (adjusted odds ratios: 1.4-2.7) or NEW children (adjusted odds ratios: 2.1-6.3). The greatest prevalence of DELAY tended to be among appropriate-for-gestational age VLBW children who were also the most premature. This study supports developmental follow-up of nondisabled VLBW children because of the significantly elevated risk for DELAY among apparently normal infants. C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,STATE CTR HLTH STAT,BUR HLTH DATA ANAL,ST LOUIS,MO. NICHHD,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREGNANCY & INFANT HLTH BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NATL INST DEAFNESS & OTHER COMMUN DISORDERS,EPIDEMIOL STAT & DATA SYST BRANCH,OFF DIRECTOR,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Schendel, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEV DISABIL DIS,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-6-2916] NR 27 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 9 BP 740 EP 749 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF572 UT WOS:A1997YF57200009 PM 9366622 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Eaker, E Rolka, H AF Hahn, RA Eaker, E Rolka, H TI Reliability of reported age at menopause SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age of onset; data collection; hysterectomy; menopause; reliability and validity ID WOMEN; RATES AB Age at menopause is an important epidemiologic characteristic whose reliability of reporting in the US population is not known. The authors examined four hypotheses about the reliability of reported age at menopause in the United States: 1) women with hysterectomy-induced menopause more reliably report their age at menopause than women who have undergone natural menopause; 2) reliability declines with time since menopause; 3) reliability declines with age; and 4) women with higher educational levels report their age at menopause more reliably than women with less education. The authors used linear regression models among 2,545 women in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Followup Study (1971-1984) and compared responses at first and follow-up interviews. Among women who had undergone a natural menopause, 44% reported their age. at menopause within one year from the first to second interviews; among women who had undergone a hysterectomy-induced menopause, 59% reported their age at menopause within one year from first to follow-up interviews. Only hysterectomy status and years from menopause to follow-up interview were significantly associated with the absolute difference between age at menopause reported at first and follow-up interviews. The authors conclude that caution in studies involving age at menopause may enhance our understanding of this critical event in the lives of women. C1 MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP D-01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 9 BP 771 EP 775 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF572 UT WOS:A1997YF57200012 PM 9366625 ER PT J AU Flanders, WD Lin, L Pirkle, J Caudill, S AF Flanders, WD Lin, L Pirkle, J Caudill, S TI Assessing the direction of causality in cross-sectional studies - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Flanders, WD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 9 BP 787 EP 788 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF572 UT WOS:A1997YF57200016 ER PT J AU Boudreau, AY Baron, SL Steenland, NK VanGilder, TJ Decker, JA Galson, SK Seitz, T AF Boudreau, AY Baron, SL Steenland, NK VanGilder, TJ Decker, JA Galson, SK Seitz, T TI Occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hospital workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; occupational exposure; hospital workers; nosocomial transmission; infection control measures; tuberculin skin test ID OUTBREAK AB We conducted a 4-year (1/89-12/92) retrospective cohort study among employees at a large metropolitan hospital where a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred. We compared the risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion among employees who worked on wards where patients with culture-confirmed TB were cared for (''exposed'') with the risk among employees who worked on wards with no such patients (''unexposed''). Exposed employees had a higher 4-year risk of TST conversion (14.5%) than unexposed employees (1.4%) (adjusted relative risk 13.4; 95 percent confidence interval 5.1-35.2). Exposed employees had significantly higher risks of conversion than unexposed employees during 1989-91, but not for 1992. Among the exposed, ward clerks had a risk of conversion (15.6%) only slightly lower than nurses (18.2%). We conclude that employees who worked in areas where patients with active M. tuberculosis infection were cared for, including workers who did not provide direct patient care, had a higher risk of TST conversion than employees who did not work in these areas. Reasons for the decline in risk over time include outbreak termination, fewer admissions of patients with TB, implementation of effective infection control measures, and possible resistance to infection in some members of the study population. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Boudreau, AY (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199711)32:5<528::AID-AJIM14>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY727 UT WOS:A1997XY72700014 PM 9327078 ER PT J AU Tanaka, S Wild, DK Cameron, LL Freund, E AF Tanaka, S Wild, DK Cameron, LL Freund, E TI Association of occupational and non-occupational risk factors with the prevalence of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome in a national survey of the working population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Congress on Occupational Health CY SEP 15-20, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN DE carpal tunnel syndrome; repetitive manual work; body mass index; health interview survey ID BODY-MASS INDEX; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; UPPER LIMBS; WORKERS; DIAGNOSIS; INDUSTRY; TASKS; RELATEDNESS; CONDUCTION; OBESITY AB To compare the association of occupational versus personal, nonoccupational risk factors with the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, Occupational Health Supplement, were analyzed. When both occupational factors (bending/twisting of the hands/wrists [B/T] and use of hand-held vibrating tools) and personal nonoccupational factors (gender, race, age, body mass index [BMI], smoking, education, and family income) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of these factors for reporting medically called CTS (MC-CTS) were: exposure to B/T 5.5; exposure to vibration, 1.9; white race, 16.7; female gender 2.3; BMI greater than or equal to 25, 2.0; history of cigarette smoking, 1.6; age greater than or equal to 40, 1.2; education >12 years, 1.2; and annual family income greater than or equal to$20,000, 1.5. Although both occupational and nonoccupational factors are associated with reporting of CTS, repetitive bending/twisting of the hands/wrists and use of vibrating tools remain important risk factors for work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Tanaka, S (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US PHS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 33 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199711)32:5<550::AID-AJIM18>3.3.CO;2-H PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY727 UT WOS:A1997XY72700018 PM 9327082 ER PT J AU Dimulescu, I Lee, DR Vernon, SD Unger, ER AF Dimulescu, I Lee, DR Vernon, SD Unger, ER TI Analysis of RNA in PreservCyt(TM) fixed cells. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 151 IS 5 BP ST4 EP ST4 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YD878 UT WOS:A1997YD87800099 ER PT J AU Loos, GP Shein, T Gao, GB AF Loos, GP Shein, T Gao, GB TI Use of foldback analysis to foster consolidation between academic and public health practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE public health practice; foldback analysis; health behavior research AB Introduction: Departments of health can provide applied settings for students from academic public health programs to explore the connection of course work to real-life circumstances. Barriers exist for public health practitioners, however, that restrict their willingness to engage in joint efforts with academe. To address these barriers, they must be identified and characterized. That is, it is important for academics in public health to respect both barrier-issues and to understand underlying value constructs, if they hope to employ public health practice settings to advance their students' training. Methods: A 100% sample of all midmanagers was surveyed at the Hawaii Department of Health by the School of Public Health. Nine clusters of "key issues for continued collaboration" were identified and rank-ordered in importance. Further analysis of the rank-orders, using multidimensional scaling, distinguished important underlying value constructs crucial to improving joint activities between the school and department. Results: Working together, representatives from the Department and School identified the first three value dimensions as cooperation, implying the need for true reciprocal and equal interaction; obligation, signifying mutual responsibility and parallel investment; and, professional practice, suggesting the balanced interdigitation of research with practice. These value dimensions account for three fifths (58%) of the variance in opinion. Conclusions: Detailed analysis of these dimensions suggests that low-cost strategies improve collaboration, and foster possible consolidation, between academic and clinical public health settings. A stronger partnership between the school and the department is likely, provided the two agencies can address these issues satisfactorily. Insights from the Hawaii experience may prove useful to other academic public health practice settings. Recommendations that may improve collaboration include holding joint semi-annual meetings, a school bulletin board listing practica at the department, a public health leadership course, improved electronic communications between the school and the department, joint appointments to the two agencies, faculty release time to conduct research to improve practices at the department, and the establishment of a steering committee for the collaboration. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Publ Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Loos, GP (reprint author), NIOSH, DHHS, PHS, CDC,EIH,TESB, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 SU S BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA YV353 UT WOS:000071814700017 PM 9455599 ER PT J AU Krug, EG Brener, ND Dahlberg, LL Ryan, GW Powell, KE AF Krug, EG Brener, ND Dahlberg, LL Ryan, GW Powell, KE TI The impact of an elementary school-based violence prevention program on visits to the school nurse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injuries; violence prevention and control; child; schools; nursing records; epidemiology AB Introduction: In Tucson, Arizona, an elementary school-based violence prevention program (PeaceBuilders) was implemented during the 1994-1995 school year. Anecdotal evidence from school nurses suggested that children were visiting the nurse less often following the implementation of the program. We examined nurses' logs to assess whether the program had an impact on visits to the school nurse. Methods: For the school years 1993-1994 and 1994-1995, the weekly number of nurse visits for all reasons, all injuries, and injuries caused by fights in each of the four PeaceBuilders schools were compared with those for three control schools. As part of a planned evaluation, schools had been matched on demographic factors and randomly assigned as intervention or control schools. Results: Between 1993-1994 and 1994-1995, the rate of visits/1,000 student days decreased 12.6% in the intervention schools while remaining unchanged in the comparison schools. The same trend was detected for injury-related visits. Rates of fighting-related injuries changed little in the intervention schools but increased 56.0% in the control schools. An analysis of covariance confirmed that injuries and visits to nurses decreased in intervention schools relative to control schools. Conclusions: These data indicate that in the intervention schools, injuries and visits to the school nurse decreased over the two-year period and that the intervention may have contributed to this change. They also suggest that visits to the school nurses' office may be a useful tool to evaluate some types of elementary school-based violence prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Krug, EG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K-60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 459 EP 463 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA YL872 UT WOS:000071002300012 PM 9415793 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA Serdula, M Pamuk, E Siegel, PZ Byers, T AF Galuska, DA Serdula, M Pamuk, E Siegel, PZ Byers, T TI Trends in overweight and obesity among Italian adults, 1983 through 1994 - Respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE; CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO. RP Galuska, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1997 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1870 EP 1870 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.11.1870 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YE940 UT WOS:A1997YE94000026 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LL Maupin, GO Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Khan, AS Schwarz, TF Lofts, RS Smith, JF Noor, AM Peters, CJ Nichol, ST AF Rodriguez, LL Maupin, GO Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Khan, AS Schwarz, TF Lofts, RS Smith, JF Noor, AM Peters, CJ Nichol, ST TI Molecular investigation of a multisource outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; SENEGAL; AFRICA; TICKS; OMAN AB During the investigation of an outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between 1994 and 1995, blood samples from suspected CCHF cases and ticks collected from livestock were tested for CCHF virus by antigen-capture ELISA and by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of partial small (S) segment nucleotide sequences from four ticks and five human samples showed that with one exception, all the human and tick viruses clustered along with samples from Pakistan and Madagascar in one distinct lineage. Within this lineage, sequences from the UAE patients were identical or closely related to those from three Hyalomma spp. ticks obtained from livestock recently imported from Somalia. Another sequence from a UAE patient was more closely related to a CCHF virus from Nigeria. These data indicate that the 1994-1995 CCHF epidemic in the UAE was a multisource outbreak possibly associated with importation of CCHF virus-infected livestock and ticks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, FT DETRICK, MD 21702 USA. MINIST HLTH, DEPT DIS PREVENT & CONTROL, ABU DHABI, U ARAB EMIRATES. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA. NR 24 TC 90 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YH442 UT WOS:A1997YH44200003 PM 9392588 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Maupin, GO Rollin, PE Noor, AM Shurie, HHM Shalabi, AGA Wasef, S Haddad, YMA Sadek, R Ijaz, K Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Khan, AS Maupin, GO Rollin, PE Noor, AM Shurie, HHM Shalabi, AGA Wasef, S Haddad, YMA Sadek, R Ijaz, K Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI An outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates, 1994-1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; VIRUS; RIBAVIRIN; TICK; OMAN AB A multi-faceted investigation was conducted in the United Arab Emirates to characterize the epidemiologic and ecologic factors underlying an outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) noted in November 1994 among abattoir workers. A chart review was conducted among hospitalized suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever with onset between January 1994 and March 1995 coupled with serologic testing of available specimens for the presence of virus antigen and IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. Livestock handlers and animal skin processors were interviewed and tested for the presence of IgG antibody. Sera from imported and domestic ruminants were examined for antibody for CCHF virus, and ticks collected from these animals were tested with an antigen-capture ELISA. Thirty-five suspected cases of CCHF were identified (case fatality = 62%). Livestock market employees, abattoir workers, and animal skin processors accounted for 16 (57%) of 28 cases with known occupational status. Serologic evidence of past asymptomatic infection was noted in 12 (4%) of 291 livestock and abattoir workers but in none of the controls. Nineteen (7%) of 268 animals were positive for CCHF virus antibodies by ELISA including 12 ruminants from Somalia and Iran and five indigenous camels. One Hyalomma impeltatum and two H. excavatum from Somali cattle and one H. anatolicum from a Somali goat were positive for CCHF virus antigen. C1 MINIST HLTH, ABU DHABI, U ARAB EMIRATES. DEPT HLTH & MED SERV, DUBAI, U ARAB EMIRATES. AL AIN MED DIST, ABU DHABI, U ARAB EMIRATES. DEPT PREVENT MED, SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES. DEPT PREVENT MED, FUJAIRAH, U ARAB EMIRATES. HH SHAIKH KHALIFA RES CTR RACING CAMELS, DIV INFECT DIS, AL AIN, U ARAB EMIRATES. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, MAILSTOP A-26, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 72 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YH442 UT WOS:A1997YH44200004 PM 9392589 ER PT J AU Corwin, AL Soeprapto, W Widodo, PS Rahardjo, E Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Olson, JG Sie, A Larasati, RP Richards, AL AF Corwin, AL Soeprapto, W Widodo, PS Rahardjo, E Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Olson, JG Sie, A Larasati, RP Richards, AL TI Short report: Surveillance of rickettsial infections in Indonesian military personnel during peace keeping operations in Cambodia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCRUB TYPHUS; SOUTH-VIETNAM; POPULATION; THAILAND AB Indonesian peacekeepers in Cambodia provided a unique study population to estimate the threat of rickettsial exposure to Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), Orientia tsutsugamushi, (scrub typhus), and R. conorii (spotted fever) for the region. Prescreening prevalence measure showed a large proportion (36%) of soldiers with antibodies to R. typhi. Predeployment prevalence for antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi was 8%, with no evidence of background R. conorii infections. Actual seroconversions of R. typhi (3) and O. tsutsugamushi (1), attributed to exposure(s) in Cambodia, translated into annualized incidence rates of 24 and 8 per 1,000 per year, respectively. Surveillance of rickettsial infections and/or disease is particularly warranted in Cambodia with recent recognition of drug-resistant scrub typhus in neighboring Thailand. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. GATOT SUBROTO ARMY HOSP,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. DIRECTORATE HLTH,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20889. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 569 EP 570 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YH442 UT WOS:A1997YH44200012 PM 9392597 ER PT J AU Kosoy, MY Regnery, RL Tzianabos, T Marston, EL Jones, DC Green, D Maupin, GO Olson, JG Childs, JE AF Kosoy, MY Regnery, RL Tzianabos, T Marston, EL Jones, DC Green, D Maupin, GO Olson, JG Childs, JE TI Distribution, diversity, and host specificity of Bartonella in rodents from the southeastern United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; SP-NOV; COMB-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA; HENSELAE; SEQUENCES; PATIENT; ENDOCARDITIS; GRAHAMELLA AB A number of Bartonella isolates were obtained from seven species of rodents sampled from 12 geographic sites representing the major biotic communities of the southeastern United States. Bartonella were isolated from the blood of 42.2% of 279 tested rodents. The highest prevalence of infection typically occurred among the most commonly captured species in the rodent community. Four phylogenetic groups, uniting 14 genotypic variants of Bartonella, were identified by sequence analysis of the citrate synthase gene. The level of sequence homology between genotypic groups varied from 88.8% to 96.4%, and the degree of homology among variants within groups was greater than or equal to 97%. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) harbored up to three phylogenetic groups of Bartonella at a single site, and Bartonella of two phylogenetic groups were isolated from a single rodent. All the Bartonella isolated from three species of Peromyscus clustered in a single distinct phylogenetic group, suggesting some host specificity may occur. Mouse ascitic fluids produced in BALB/c mice inoculated with Bartonella of three phylogenetic groups demonstrated high indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers to homologous antigens. However, use of eight Bartonella antigens in an IFA test with sera from 394 wild-caught rodents resulted in either little or extremely low titers of antibody. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 31 TC 147 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 57 IS 5 BP 578 EP 588 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YH442 UT WOS:A1997YH44200014 PM 9392599 ER PT J AU Niezgoda, M Briggs, DJ Shaddock, J Dreesen, DW Rupprecht, CE AF Niezgoda, M Briggs, DJ Shaddock, J Dreesen, DW Rupprecht, CE TI Pathogenesis of experimentally induced rabies in domestic ferrets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; EXCRETION AB Objective-To determine susceptibility, incubation and morbidity periods, clinical signs, serologic response, and excretion of virus in domestic ferrets inoculated with rabies virus. Animals-55 domestic ferrets. Procedure-5 groups of 10 ferrets were inoculated with rabies virus, IM, at doses of 10(5.5) to 10(1.5) median mouse intracerebral lethal dose. Ferrets were observed and behavior was recorded. Rectal temperature, body weight, and samples from the oral cavity and samples of saliva and blood were obtained. Virus isolation was attempted, using intracranial mouse inoculation and cell culture. Virus neutralizing antibodies were determined by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Ferrets were euthanatized immediately if clinical signs were severe. Fables was confirmed by direct immunofluorescent antibody test. Results-Mean incubation period was 33 days (range, 16 to 96 days). Clinical signs included ascending paralysis, ataxia, cachexia, bladder atony, fever, hyperactivity, tremors, and paresthesia. Mean morbidity period was 4 to 5 days (range, 2 to 10 days). Virus antigen was detected in brain tissue from all clinically rabid ferrets. Ferrets given the highest viral dose were euthanatized and had VNA; ferrets receiving the next dilution also were euthanatized, but only 4 had seroconverted. Of 17 ferrets that survived, 5 seroconverted. Survivors remained clinically normal except for 1 that recovered with severe paralytic sequelae. Rabies virus was isolated from the salivary gland of 1 ferret that was euthanatized. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Rabies should be considered as a differential diagnosis in any ferret that has acute onset of paralysis or behavioral changes and a condition that rapidly deteriorates despite intense medical intervention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KANSAS STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET DIAGNOST INVEST,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1327 EP 1331 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YE147 UT WOS:A1997YE14700037 PM 9361901 ER PT J AU Wang, J Ashley, K Kennedy, ER Neumeister, C AF Wang, J Ashley, K Kennedy, ER Neumeister, C TI Determination of hexavalent chromium in industrial hygiene samples using ultrasonic extraction and flow injection analysis SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE hexavalent chromium; ultrasound; base extraction; anion exchange; flow injection; industrial hygiene ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DNA-DAMAGE; SPECTROMETRY; GLUTATHIONE; REDUCTION; CR(VI); SOILS; COMPLEXATION AB A simple, fast, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI) in workplace samples. Ultrasonic extraction in alkaline solutions with 0.05 M (NH4)(2)SO4-0.05 M NH3 provided good extraction efficiency of Cr-VI from the sample and allowed the retention of Cr-VI on an ion-exchange resin (95%). The Cr-VI in the sample solution was then separated as an anion from trivalent chromium [Crm] and other cations by elution from the anion-exchange resin with 0.5 M (NH4)(2)SO4 in 0.1 M NH3 (pH 8) buffer solution. The eluate was then acidified with hydrochloric acid and complexed with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide reagent prior to flow injection analysis, By analyzing samples with and without oxidation of Cr-III to Cr-VI using Ce-IV, the method can measure Cr-VI and total Cr. For optimizing the separation and determination procedure, preliminary trials conducted with two certified reference materials (CRMs 013-050 and NIST 1633a) and three spiked samples (ammonia buffer solution, cellulose ester filters and acid washed sand) indicated that the recovery of Cr-VI was quantitative (> 90%) with this method, The limit of detection for FIA-UV/VIS determination of the Cr-diphenylcarbazone complex was in the sub-nanogram range (0.11 ng). The technique was also applied successfully to a workplace coal fly ash sample that was collected from a power plant and paint chips that were collected from a heating gas pipe and a university building, The principal advantages of this method are its simplicity, sensitivity, speed and potential portability for field analysis. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 41 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD NOV PY 1997 VL 122 IS 11 BP 1307 EP 1312 DI 10.1039/a704474g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YJ087 UT WOS:A1997YJ08700022 PM 9474812 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Gillum, RF AF Vargas, CM Gillum, RF TI Cardiovascular disease in the NHANES III SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES ADULTS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HYPERTENSION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; CHOLESTEROL; PROGRAM; TRENDS RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 8 BP 523 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(97)00122-1 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YK238 UT WOS:A1997YK23800001 PM 9408546 ER PT J AU Mahy, BWJ AF Mahy, BWJ TI Human viral infections. an expanding frontier SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE emerging viruses; virus evolution; host modification; PCR; vector population ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NON-A; VIRUS; HEPATITIS; CDNA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(97)00042-9 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA YM646 UT WOS:000071085600001 PM 9443663 ER PT J AU Venczel, LV Arrowood, M Hurd, M Sobsey, MD AF Venczel, LV Arrowood, M Hurd, M Sobsey, MD TI Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Clostridium perfringens spores by a mixed-oxidant disinfectant and by free chlorine (vol 63, pg 1600, 1997) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Venczel, LV (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 63 IS 11 BP 4625 EP 4625 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YE281 UT WOS:A1997YE28100077 PM 16535745 ER PT J AU Evans, DA Hebert, LE Beckett, LA Scherr, PA Albert, MS Chown, MJ Pilgrim, DM Taylor, JO AF Evans, DA Hebert, LE Beckett, LA Scherr, PA Albert, MS Chown, MJ Pilgrim, DM Taylor, JO TI Education and other measures of socioeconomic status and risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a defined population of older persons SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY POPULATION; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; UNITED-STATES; SOCIAL-CLASS; DEMENTIA; PREVALENCE; OCCUPATION; AGE; ASSOCIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective: To assess the relations of 3 measures of socioeconomic status (education, occupational prestige, and income) to risk of incident clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD). Design: Cohort study with an average observation of 4.3 years. Setting: East Boston, Mass, a geographically defined community. Participants: A stratified random sample of 642 community residents 65 years of age and older who were free of AD at baseline. Main Outcome Measure: Clinical diagnosis of probable AD according to standard criteria, using structured uniform evaluation. Results: The relations of the 3 measures of socioeconomic status to risk of disease were assessed using logistic regression analyses. In individual analyses, fewer years of formal schooling, lower income, and lower occupational status each predicted risk of incident AD; risk of disease decreased by approximately 17% for each year of education. In an analysis including all 3 measures, the effect of education on risk for disease remained approximately the same, but the effects of the other 2 measures were somewhat less and did not attain formal statistical significance, compared with separate analysis of each measure. Conclusions: Markers of lower socioeconomic status predict risk of developing incident AD. The mechanism of this relation is uncertain, but the possibility that it reflects unidentified and potentially reversible risk factors for the disease deserves careful investigation. C1 RUSH UNIV,RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,RUSH ALZHEIMERS DIS CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HLTH CARE & AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02114. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,HARVARD COMMUNITY HLTH PLAN,BOSTON,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), RUSH INST AGING,1645 W JACKSON BLVD,SUITE 675,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 05362, AG 06789, AG 10161] NR 52 TC 219 Z9 224 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 54 IS 11 BP 1399 EP 1405 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YE501 UT WOS:A1997YE50100018 PM 9362989 ER PT J AU Yoon, PW Olney, RS Khoury, MJ Sappenfield, WM Chavez, GF Taylor, D AF Yoon, PW Olney, RS Khoury, MJ Sappenfield, WM Chavez, GF Taylor, D TI Contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations - A population-based study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS; MORTALITY; FREQUENCY; DISORDERS AB Objective: To estimate the contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations by use of population-based data. Design: Hospital discharges were categorized according to the diagnostic codes of The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Hospitalizations that were related to birth defects and genetic diseases were compared with hospitalizations for other reasons, with respect to age, race/ethnicity, sex, length of stay, charges, source of payment, and mortality rate. Hospitalization rates and per capita charges were computed with the use of population estimates from 1990 census data. Materials: The 1991 population-based hospital discharge data from California and South Carolina. Results: Nearly 12% of pediatric hospitalizations in the 2 states combined were related to birth defects and genetic diseases. These children were, on average, about 3 years younger, stayed 3 days longer ina hospital, incurred 184% higher charges, and had a 4 1/2 times greater in-hospital mortality rate than children who were hospitalized for other reasons. The rate of hospitalizations that were related to birth defects and genetic diseases was 4 per 1000 children in both states, but these rates varied by age and race. Conclusion: These population-based data are the first contemporary findings to show the substantial morbidity rate and hospitalization charges associated with birth defects and genetic diseases in the pediatric population. Implications: This information is important for planning effective health care strategies, especially as the causes, treatments, and prevention of these disorders are being further elucidated by findings from human genome research and epidemiologic studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. CALIF STATE DEPT HLTH,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP Yoon, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,MS-F45,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 151 IS 11 BP 1096 EP 1103 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YF122 UT WOS:A1997YF12200004 PM 9369870 ER PT J AU Devesa, M Khudyakov, YE Capriles, F Blitz, L Fields, HA Liprandi, F Pujol, FH AF Devesa, M Khudyakov, YE Capriles, F Blitz, L Fields, HA Liprandi, F Pujol, FH TI Reduced antibody reactivity to hepatitis C virus antigens in hemodialysis patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; REPLICATION; GENOME; CORE AB Antibody reactivities to hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens and to synthetic peptides derived from different parts of the HCV genome (core, NS4, and NS5) were evaluated in HCV-infected hemodialysis patients, In the RIBA 3 assay, NS5 was significantly less recognizable by sera of hemodialysis patients compared to other HCV-infected subjects, Among hemodialysis patients, those coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (positive for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg(+)]) showed a reduction in reactivity to C33 and C100, Sera of only 23% of the hemodialysis patients (37 of 161) reacted with more than three of eight peptides tested, significantly fewer than the 60% (12 of 20) of the sera of other HCV-infected patients tested (P = 0.001), This immunosuppression was also manifested by a reduced frequency of recognition of additional peptides on follow-up, An even more reduced reactivity was observed among the HBV-coinfected patients (HBsAg(+)). The low-responder hemodialysis patients were not infected with any particular genotype of HCV, and the same HCV genotypes observed in the whole group of hemodialysis patients (la, Ib, 2a, and 3a) were found circulating in the low-responder group, Even in this low-responder population, the good performance of two peptides (peptide 716, corresponding to a portion of the core, and peptide 59, corresponding to a portion of NS4) corroborates the immunodominance of the conserved epitopes within these peptides. C1 INST VENEZOLANO INVEST CIENT,CMBC,LAB BIOL VIRUS,CARACAS 1020A,VENEZUELA. UNIDAD HEMODIALISIS CRONICA CARACAS,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. LUZ,LAB REG REFERENCIA VIROL,MARACAIBO,VENEZUELA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG430 UT WOS:A1997YG43000002 PM 9384281 ER PT J AU Mendoza, L Kaufman, L Mandy, W Glass, R AF Mendoza, L Kaufman, L Mandy, W Glass, R TI Serodiagnosis of human and animal pythiosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYTHIUM-INSIDIOSUM; IMMUNODIFFUSION TEST; EQUINE PYTHIOSIS; HORSES; PHYCOMYCOSIS; THALASSEMIA; DIAGNOSIS AB Conventional serodiagnosis of Pythium insidiosum infections involves the use of the immunodiffusion (ID) test, This test specifically diagnoses human and animal pythiosis, The test, however, has limited sensitivity and does not detect some culturally proven cases of the disease, Because of the increased recognition of pythiosis among humans and animals, we developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a soluble antigen from broken hyphae of P. insidiosum. Studies were carried out with sera from five humans and eight animals with culturally and/or histologically proven pythiosis, Some of these sera were negative in the ID test for pythiosis, Heterologous case sera from thirteen humans and two horses, plus 5 sera from healthy humans and 17 from healthy animals, were tested, Of the pythiosis case sera tested, the ID test detected only 8 of 13 (61.5%), whereas the ELISA detected all of them (100%), The ID and ELISA tests were entirely specific and gave negative results or low titers respectively, with sera from humans and animals with heterologous fungal infections or with no apparent illness, No correlation was found between the height of the ELISA titers and negative or positive sera in the ID test, Our results indicate that the ELISA is a reliable serodiagnostic test for pythiosis, It is as specific as the ID test but more sensitive. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BIOMED INT,AUSTIN,TX 78759. RP Mendoza, L (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,MED TECHNOL PROGRAM,322 N KEDZIE LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 715 EP 718 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG430 UT WOS:A1997YG43000016 PM 9384295 ER PT J AU Young, NL Ponglertnapakorn, P Shaffer, N Srisak, K Chaowanachan, T OnThern, V Kittinunvorakoon, C Bunwattanakul, A Suksaweang, S Pobkeeree, V Punnotok, J Mastro, TD AF Young, NL Ponglertnapakorn, P Shaffer, N Srisak, K Chaowanachan, T OnThern, V Kittinunvorakoon, C Bunwattanakul, A Suksaweang, S Pobkeeree, V Punnotok, J Mastro, TD TI Clinical field site evaluation of the FACSCount for absolute CD3(+), CD3(+) CD4(+), and CD3(+) CD8(+) cell count determinations in Thailand SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS AB The FACSCount flow cytometer absolute CD3(+), CD3(+) CD4(+), and CD3(+) CD8(+) cell counts measured at a field site hospital laboratory in Thailand were compared to FACScan absolute counts obtained at a nearby research laboratory. Correlation coefficients for 208 samples were greater than or equal to 0.95. The FACSCount was accurate, and it was easier and less expensive to operate than the FACScan. Additionally, the FACScan-generated lymphocyte percentage value was accurate for use with the FACScan SimulSET software. C1 MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,CENT CHEST HOSP,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Young, NL (reprint author), MINIST PUBL HLTH,HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,DMS 6 BLDG,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 6 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG430 UT WOS:A1997YG43000029 PM 9384308 ER PT J AU Rohde, RE Neill, SU Clark, KA Smith, JS AF Rohde, RE Neill, SU Clark, KA Smith, JS TI Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Texas SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular epidemiology; rabies; rabies epizootic; RT-PCR; wildlife vaccination ID UNITED-STATES; CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS; DNA; SURVEILLANCE; RACCOONS; VACCINE; PCR AB Background: Texas is in the midst of two independent epizootics of rabies, involving coyotes (Canis latrans) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in southern Texas and grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in west central Texas. The domestic dog/coyote (DDC) and grey fox (TF) rabies virus variants cannot be differentiated by antigenic typing with currently available monoclonal antibodies. These two variants also cannot be distinguished from a third variant, Sonora dog (SD) rabies, that is not enzootic in Texas, but occasionally occurs in animals along the western border with Mexico. Objectives: To determine a method for the differentiation of the DDC, TF and SD variants, which is essential for epidemiologic monitoring of the Oral Rabies Vaccination Program (ORVP), a program instituted to control rabies in coyotes and grey foxes in Texas. Study Design: Primers complementary to nucleoprotein sequence of either the DDC or TF rabies virus permit specific reverse transcription and amplification by polymerase chain reaction. In addition, general primers, which recognize a broad range of rabies variants, used in conjunction with a restriction digest for the differentiation of DDC, TF or SD rabies virus were investigated. Results and Conclusions: Of 122 specimens tested with specific primers, 111 (91%) were specifically identified as either DDC (33 samples) or TF (78 samples). Overly stringent conditions, enzyme inhibitors, or limiting RNA may account for the 11 non-amplifications. Amplification of RNA under less stringent conditions, with primers recognizing a broad range of rabies variants followed by digestion with either restriction enzyme Desulfovibrio desulfuricans I(DdeI) or Haemophilus influenzae Rf. (HinfI), was used to identify the 11 isolates that did not amplify with specific primers (6 DDC, 4 TF and 1 SD). In addition to these 11 isolates, the less stringent method of amplification, followed by enzyme digestion has identified a total of 125 additional specimens (26 DDC, 94 TF and 5 SD) that were not tested by variant-specific amplification. These data provide a means to track the spread of the different rabies virus variants and allow the ORVP to plan its vaccine disbursement by defining the two epizootic boundaries. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RABIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rohde, RE (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,ZOONOSIS CONTROL DIV,1100 W 49TH ST,AUSTIN,TX 78756, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0197 J9 CLIN DIAGN VIROL JI Clin. Diagn. Virol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0928-0197(97)10003-4 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA YH677 UT WOS:A1997YH67700006 PM 9406651 ER PT J AU McFarland, JM Baddour, LM Nelson, JE Elkins, SK Craven, RB Cropp, BC Chang, GJ Grindstaff, AD Craig, AS Smith, RJ AF McFarland, JM Baddour, LM Nelson, JE Elkins, SK Craven, RB Cropp, BC Chang, GJ Grindstaff, AD Craig, AS Smith, RJ TI Imported yellow fever in a United States citizen SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; DISEASES; THERAPY AB The last imported case of yellow fever seen in this country was in 1924. We report a case of yellow fever acquired by an American tourist who visited the jungles of Brazil along the Rio Negro and Amazon Rivers, The patient died 6 days after hospital admission and 10 days after his first symptoms appeared. Yellow fever virus was recovered from clinical specimens, and the isolate was genetically similar to the E genotype IIB of South American yellow fever viruses. This patient's illness represents a case of vaccine-preventable death since he failed to be immunized with a recommended preexposure yellow fever vaccine. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,MED CTR,GRAD SCH MED,DEPT MED,KNOXVILLE,TN 37920. UNIV TENNESSEE,MED CTR,GRAD SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37920. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,COMMUNICABLE & ENVIRONM DIS SERC,NASHVILLE,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1147 DI 10.1086/516111 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YG890 UT WOS:A1997YG89000036 PM 9402373 ER PT J AU Shoaf, C Genaidy, A Karwowski, W Waters, T Christensen, D AF Shoaf, C Genaidy, A Karwowski, W Waters, T Christensen, D TI Comprehensive manual handling limits for lowering, pushing, pulling and carrying activities SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE manual materials handling; biomechanics; work physiology; psychophysics ID PSYCHOPHYSICAL APPROACH; ENDURANCE TIME; LIFTING TASKS; DESIGN; LOAD AB The objective of this study was to develop a set of mathematical models for manual lowering, pushing, pulling and carrying activities that would result in establishing load capacity limits to protect the lower back against occupational low-back disorders. In order to establish safe guidelines, a three-stage process was used. First, psychophysical data was used to generate the models' discounting factors and recommended load capacities. Second, biomechanical analysis was used to refine the recommended load capacities. Third, physiological criteria were used to validate the models' discounting factors. Both task and personal factors were considered in the models' development. When compared to the results from prior psychophysical research for these activities, the developed load capacity values are lower than previously established limits. The results of this study allowed the authors to validate the hypothesis proposed and tested by Karwowski (1983) that states that the combination of physiological and biomechanical stresses should lead to the overall measure of task acceptability or the psychophysical stress. This study also found that some of the discounting factors for the task frequency parameters recommended in the prior psychophysical research should not be used as several of the high frequency factors violated physiological limits. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR IND ERGON,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CONSORTIUM ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH & SAFETY,CINCINNATI,OH 45202. RP Shoaf, C (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,MUSCULOSKELETAL RES LAB,MAIL LOCAT 116,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. RI Karwowski, Waldemar/B-2449-2012 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1183 EP 1200 DI 10.1080/001401397187432 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA YE574 UT WOS:A1997YE57400001 PM 9375533 ER PT J AU Mansley, EC May, DS Dunet, DO AF Mansley, EC May, DS Dunet, DO TI Economies of scale and technological efficiency in state-wide cancer detection programs SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 SU 9 BP PP46 EP PP46 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YK646 UT WOS:A1997YK64600079 ER PT J AU Yip, R AF Yip, R TI The challenge of improving iron nutrition: limitations and potentials of major intervention approaches SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Program Strengthening / Partnership Building CY JUN 12-24, 1994 CL PAPENDAL, NETHERLANDS SP Opportunities Micronutr Intervent, Wageningen Agri Univ, Int Agri Ctr DE iron deficiency, anaemia; micronutrient; supplementation; fortification ID DEFICIENCY; FORTIFICATION; CHILDHOOD; EFFICACY AB Various approaches to improving iron status are discussed. Success in controlling iron deficiency worldwide will require the exploration and demonstration of all possible options. The approaches, which are not mutually exclusive, include iron supplementation, nutrition education, reducing intestinal parasites (particularly hookworm), expanding fortification of processed foods, and developing crops that are more iron bioavailable. Coordination with existing health and nutrition programs can enhance progress toward better overall nutrition. For example, in the development of food fortification or of crops with higher nutritional value, the combination of multiple micronutrients can be considered. Within the primary health care system, iron supplementation and deworming can be coordinated with other health care activities. The ultimate success in control of iron deficiency will depend on how well the various intervention approaches can be integrated within the current framework of public health, food processing, and agriculture development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. UNICEF Jakarta, Jakarta 10012, Indonesia. RP Yip, R (reprint author), UNICEF Jakarta, POB 1202-JKT, Jakarta 10012, Indonesia. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 51 SU 4 BP S16 EP S24 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YV027 UT WOS:000071782000005 PM 9598788 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Warren, CW Lowry, R Sogolow, E Collins, J Kann, L Kaufmann, RB Celentano, DD AF Santelli, JS Warren, CW Lowry, R Sogolow, E Collins, J Kann, L Kaufmann, RB Celentano, DD TI The use of condoms with other contraceptive methods among young men and women SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PROBLEM BEHAVIOR; RISK-TAKING; ADOLESCENCE; PREVENTION; PATTERNS; CHOICE; HIV; AGE AB In a nationally representative sample of sexually experienced youths aged 14-22, 37% of young women and 52% of young men said the condom was the primary method used to prevent pregnancy at last intercourse; an additional 8% and 7%, respectively used a condom for non-contraceptive purposes. Condom use at last intercourse was reported by 25% of young men whose partner was using the pill. Significant independent predictors of condom use with the pill among men included younger age, black race, engaging in fewer nonsexual risk behaviors and having received instruction about HIV in school. Among young women, 21% of those relying on the pill reported also using a condom at last intercourse. For women, independent predictors of dual use included younger age, black race, older age at first sex, fewer nonsexual risk behaviors, having no partners in the previous three months and having talked to parents or other adult relatives about HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance Res Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 6 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 29 IS 6 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.2307/2953414 PG 7 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA YM418 UT WOS:000071061500003 PM 9429871 ER PT J AU Cogswell, ME Nelson, D Koplan, JP AF Cogswell, ME Nelson, D Koplan, JP TI Surveying managed care members on chronic disease SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH AB We compare prevalence estimates of self-perceived health status and chronic disease risk factors from a managed care member survey with estimates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Unadjusted prevalence estimates for diabetes, high blood pressure, and current smoking status were similar in the two surveys. In contrast, 5.1 percent of respondents to the managed care member survey reported fair-to-poor health status, compared with 12.4 percent of respondents to the BRFSS survey. Standardization of demographic characteristics reduced the prevalence of re ported fair-to-poor health status among BRFSS respondents to 9 percent. We conclude that standardized survey questions added to annual member surveys in managed care organizations are a feasible and potentially useful method of chronic disease surveillance. C1 PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,ATLANTA,GA. RP Cogswell, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 16 IS 6 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.16.6.219 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA YH060 UT WOS:A1997YH06000028 PM 9444829 ER PT J AU McHutchison, JG Nainan, OV Alter, MJ SedghiVaziri, A Detmer, J Collins, M Kolberg, J AF McHutchison, JG Nainan, OV Alter, MJ SedghiVaziri, A Detmer, J Collins, M Kolberg, J TI Hepatitis C and G co-infection: Response to interferon therapy and quantitative changes in serum HGV-RNA SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; CHRONIC NON-A; VIRUS; CLONING; AGENT AB Hepatitis G virus (HGV), a positive sense RNA virus, is distantly related to hepatitis C virus (HCV): its genetic organization and identity are consistent with the Flaviviridae family. Coinfection with HGV occurs in 10% to 20% of HCV-infected subjects, These similarities raise two theoretical questions. First, could HGV coinfection play any role in the response of HCV to antiviral therapy and second, would this coinfected population have changes in serum HGV-RNA induced by interferon. To address these questions, 98 patients with documented chronic HCV underwent interferon therapy (3 million units three times a week) for 6 months. Response to therapy was categorized using standard biochemical criteria, Changes in HGV-RNA levels were evaluated before, during, and after interferon therapy by a quantitative branched DNA amplification research-based assay, Eleven of 98 (11%) patients with HCV infection had detectable serum HGV-RNA. There was no difference between the groups (HGV+ vs. HGV-) when baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, HCV-RNA levels, HCV genotype, histological severity, or other demographic features were analyzed, Interferon response was similar in both groups and HGV was not associated with outcome following therapy, Antiviral therapy appeared to induce a reduction in HGV-RNA load in five of nine patients coinfected with HCV serially tested, In two patients, the fall in serum HGV-RNA correlated with biochemical response, independent of changes in HCV-RNA, These observations indicate that a larger study of an HGV population is required to more clearly define the relationship between HCV and HGV coinfection and their response to antiviral therapy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. RP McHutchison, JG (reprint author), SCRIPPS CLIN,DIV GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL,N TORREY PINES RD,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00833] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1322 EP 1327 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YE989 UT WOS:A1997YE98900035 PM 9362379 ER PT J AU Risher, JF DeRosa, CT AF Risher, JF DeRosa, CT TI The precision, uses, and limitations of public health guidance values SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE health guidance values; precision of health guidance values; uses and limitations of health guidance values; Minimal risk levels (MRLs); Reference Doses/Concentrations (RfD/RfC); Environmental Media Exposure Guide (EMEG) AB Government agencies charged with the protection of public health, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), must have a reference, or comparison value, upon which to base an evaluation of potential health threat posed by any substance or chemical. The basis, or starting points, for such evaluations may have different names or acronyms, but represent more or less the same thing. These values for non-carcinogenic endpoints are called oral Reference Doses (RfDs) and inhalation Reference Concentrations (RfCs) by the USEPA, Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs) by the FDA, and oral and inhalation Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) by the ATSDR. Too often, however, RfDs, RfCs, MRLs, and ADIs are construed as rigid, threshold limits, above which toxicity is likely to occur. The truth, however, is that these values actually represent levels of a potential toxicant that are highly unlikely to represent any threat to human health over a particular/specified duration of daily exposures. The more frequently these levels are exceeded and the greater the exceedance, the more likely some toxic manifestation is to occur. These guidance/reference values are most definitely not threshold values for the onset of toxicity in any exposed population. Health guidance values must be thought of in the context of their intended role as mere screening or trigger values, in which they serve as a tool for assisting in the determination of whether further evaluation of a given potential exposure scenario is warranted. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Risher, JF (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol E29, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 3 IS 5 BP 681 EP 700 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YM752 UT WOS:000071097300005 ER PT J AU Bostik, P Villinger, F Ansari, AA Folks, TM AF Bostik, P Villinger, F Ansari, AA Folks, TM TI Pre-infection CD4: CD8+ ratio and HIV infection SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter ID GENETIC-CONTROL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV AIDS STD & TB RES,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Bostik, P (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 11 BP 555 EP 555 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YF828 UT WOS:A1997YF82800012 PM 9386353 ER PT J AU Jennings, VM Actor, JK Lal, AA Hunter, RL AF Jennings, VM Actor, JK Lal, AA Hunter, RL TI Cytokine profile suggesting that murine cerebral malaria is an encephalitis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; DISEASE SEVERITY; MESSENGER-RNA; FACTOR-ALPHA; TNF-ALPHA AB Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a poorly understood and life-threatening complication of malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The discovery that murine CM caused by Plasmodium berghei ANKA and human CM are both characterized by production of inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), led to a revival of the suggestion that P. berghei CM may have value as a model of the human disease. In this study, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to measure levels of message for 18S rRNA of P. berghei and 10 cytokines in the brains, livers, and spleens of mice during the induction and course of CM. A coordinated increase in RNA of parasite and proinflammatory cytokines was observed in the brains of mice in parallel with onset of CM. Levels of message for parasite, TNF-alpha, and gamma interferon increased in the brains of mice from day 5 to death on day 7. These changes were observed only in the brain, and message for other cytokines remained near baseline levels. This demonstrated that parasite sequestration does take place in the brains of mice with CM. Histologically, CM was characterized by widespread damage to the microvasculature in the brain with focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. The pattern of cytokine production in the brain is characteristic of other murine encephalitides. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30033. OI Actor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9265-7012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31064] NR 43 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 65 IS 11 BP 4883 EP 4887 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YD176 UT WOS:A1997YD17600076 PM 9353082 ER PT J AU Facklam, RR AF Facklam, RR TI Screening for streptococcal pharyngitis: Current technology SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus; Lancefield procedure; direct antigen test; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; RAPID ANTIGEN ASSAYS; THROAT SWABS; STREP-A; OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY; GENERAL-PRACTICE; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; TEST KIT; CULTURE AB The gold-standard test for diagnosing group A streptococci (GAS) remains agar media culture. However, the need for rapid diagnosis of streptococcal disease in the clinical setting has led to a host of commercially available procedures. The currently available tests and the factors that affect their sensitivity and specificity are reviewed. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,STREPTOCOCCUS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 14 IS 11 BP 891 EP 898 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YG581 UT WOS:A1997YG58100012 ER PT J AU Han, YS Salazar, CE ReeseStardy, SR Cornel, A Gorman, MJ Collins, FH Paskewitz, SM AF Han, YS Salazar, CE ReeseStardy, SR Cornel, A Gorman, MJ Collins, FH Paskewitz, SM TI Cloning and characterization of a serine protease from the human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; mosquito; Plasmodium; malaria; serine protease ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TACHYPLEUS-TRIDENTATUS HEMOCYTES; MEAL-INDUCED TRYPSIN; AEDES-AEGYPTI L; SEPHADEX BEADS; BLOOD MEAL; PLASMODIUM-CYNOMOLGI; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; HYPODERMA-LINEATUM; ACTIVATING ENZYME AB The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a serine protease (AgSp24D) from the human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is presented, The gene product is a 271 amino acid protein that contains the conserved serine, histidine and aspartic acid residues found in serine proteases, and has the highest identity to a serine protease of unknown function from Drosophila melanogaster. In situ hybridization to the polytene chromosomes detects a single band at 24D. Northern analysis reveals only low levels of transcripts in larvae and pupae, but more abundant transcription products occur in adults, Interestingly, this analysis also shows that adult males express much higher levels of AgSp24D mRNA than females. In addition, Plasmodium-refractory mosquitoes express higher levels of AgSp24D mRNA than susceptible mosquitoes although the biological significance of this remains to be examined, The thorax is the primary site for expression in the adults, The lack of a dramatic increase in AgSp24D mRNA levels following blood feeding suggests that this protease is not involved in digestive processes, Transcriptional induction does not follow cold shock, septic wounding, bacterial injection, laminarin injection or CM-Sephadex bead injection. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,RUSSELL LABS 237,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI28781] NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1997.00193.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA YB809 UT WOS:A1997YB80900008 PM 9359580 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Orwoll, ES Johnston, CC Lindsay, RL Wahner, HW Dunn, WL Calvo, MS Harris, TB Heyse, SP AF Looker, AC Orwoll, ES Johnston, CC Lindsay, RL Wahner, HW Dunn, WL Calvo, MS Harris, TB Heyse, SP TI Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older US adults from NHANES III SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 09-13, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HIP FRACTURE; MINERAL DENSITY; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SEX-DIFFERENCES; SECULAR TRENDS; PREDICTION; MASS; RISK AB Most estimates of osteoporosis in older U.S. adults have been based on its occurrence in white women, even though it is known to affect men and minority women, In the present study, we used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) to estimate the overall scope of the disease in the older U.S. population, Specifically, we estimate prevalences of low femoral BMD in women 50 years and older and explore different approaches for defining low BMD in older men ire that age range, Low BMD levels were defined in accordance with an approach proposed by an expert panel of the World Health Organization and used BMD data from 382 non-Hispanic white (NHW) men or 409 NHW women ages 20-29 years from the NHANES III dataset, For women, estimates indicate 13-18%, or 4-6 million, have osteoporosis (i.e., BMD >2.5 standard deviations [SD] below the mean of young NHW women) and 37-50%, or 13-17 million, have osteopenia (BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below the mean of young NHW women), For men, these numbers depend on the gender of the reference group used to define cutoff values, When based on male cutoffs, 3-6% (1-2 million) of men have osteoporosis and 28-47% (8-13 million) have osteopenia; when based on female cutoffs, 1-4% (280,000-1 million) have osteoporosis and 15-33% (4-9 million) have osteopenia, Most of the older U.S. adults with low femur BMD are women, but, regardless of which cutoffs are used, the number of men is substantial. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. PORTLAND VA MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. HELEN HAYES HOSP,REG BONE CTR,W HAVERSTRAW,NY. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIA,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 900,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. OI Orwoll, Eric/0000-0002-8520-7355 NR 47 TC 673 Z9 697 U1 6 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1761 EP 1768 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1761 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YE194 UT WOS:A1997YE19400001 PM 9383679 ER PT J AU Teixeira, LM Carvalho, MDG Merquior, VLC Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Facklam, RR AF Teixeira, LM Carvalho, MDG Merquior, VLC Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Facklam, RR TI Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Vagococcus fluvialis, including strains isolated from human sources SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GEN-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; STREPTOCOCCI; CLASSIFICATION; ENTEROCOCCI; LACTOCOCCI AB This study presents phenotypic and genotypic data for seven isolates of Vagococcus fluvialis, including four strains recovered from human clinical sources, one strain isolated from an environmental source, and hm strains isolated from pigs, On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, most isolates were initially classified as ''unidentified enterococci,'' because they resembled atypical arginine-negative enterococcal species, All seven strains as well as the type strain of V. fluvialis reacted with the AccuProbe Enterococcus genetic probe, The seven isolates had virtually; indistinguishable whole-cell protein profiles that were similar to that of the V. fluvialis type strain and distinct from those of Enterococcus and Lactococcus species, DNA-DNA reassociation experiments confirmed that the strains were V. fluvialis. They were 71% or more related to the V. fluvialis type strain under optimum and stringent conditions. with 2.5% or less divergence within related sequences, All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cefotaxime, trimetfioprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin and were resistant to clindamycin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin. Strain-to-strain variation was observed in relation to susceptibilities to 18 other antimicrobial agents, Chromosomal DNA was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion with SmaI. Distinctive PFGE patterns were generated, suggesting the nonclonal nature of V. fluvialis strains, Although the number of strains was small, this report provides molecular characterization of V. fluvialis and the first evidence of a possible connection of this species with human infections. C1 UNIV ESTADO RIO DE JANEIRO,FAC CIENCIAS MED,BR-20551 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,CCS BLOCO & CIDADE UNIV,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RI Merquior, Vania/D-6399-2013 NR 17 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2778 EP 2781 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YD173 UT WOS:A1997YD17300012 PM 9350732 ER PT J AU Meinersmann, RJ Helsel, LO Fields, PI Hiett, KL AF Meinersmann, RJ Helsel, LO Fields, PI Hiett, KL TI Discrimination of Campylobacter jejuni isolates by fla gene sequencing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLAGELLIN GENE; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; STRAINS AB Comparison of the entire coding sequence of flaA (1,764 nueleotides) from 15 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni showed two regions of high variability, one region approximately from base positions 700 to 1,450 and a shore variable region (SVR) from base positions 450 to 600. Parsimony analysis of the SVR sequences yielded a dendrogram similar to that which was derived by analysis of the entire gene, PCR was used to generate templates, and the SVR was sequenced with primers constructed to hybridize to conserved flanking sequences, The SVRs of 22 isolates of C. jejuni from four outbreaks that have been well characterized and a larger panel of isolates from three additional outbreaks were sequenced, Analysis of the nucleotide sequences produced results that grouped the isolates very similarly to other subtyping techniques, Sequence data were also generated for isolates from three additional outbreaks. Categorizing the isolates by fla SVR DNA sequence placed them in epidemiologically relevant groups. Sequence analysis of the C. jejuni flaA SVR may be a useful tool far epidemiologic investigations anti could complement or replace serotyping and other subtyping methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), ARS,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,USDA,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 14 TC 155 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2810 EP 2814 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YD173 UT WOS:A1997YD17300019 PM 9350739 ER PT J AU De, L Yang, CF DaSilva, E Boshell, J Caceres, P Gomez, JR Pallansch, M Kew, O AF De, L Yang, CF DaSilva, E Boshell, J Caceres, P Gomez, JR Pallansch, M Kew, O TI Genotype-specific RNA probes for direct identification of wild polioviruses by blot hybridization SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES; PARAMETERS; GENOMES; TYPE-1; BRAZIL AB We have developed RNA probes for the direct identification of wild poliovirus isolates by blot hybridization. The probes are complementary to sequences of the first 30 to 32 codons of VP1, which evolve more extensively (similar to 1.5-fold) than the rest of VP1. To illustrate our general approach, we describe the design of probes specific to each of four major genotypes recently endemic (1981 to 1991) to the Americas: Andean type 1, Brazil type 1, Brazil type 3, and Central America-Mexico type 3, A wild isolate of each genotype was selected according to molecular and epidemiologic criteria to be representative of the principal lineages in circulation, Variable VPI sequences of the representative isolates were amplified by the reverse transcriptase PCR and were inserted into a plasmid vector containing a T7 promoter. The in vitro transcripts, labeled with digoxigenin, served as probes. These formed stable hybrids only with RNAs of isolates of the corresponding genotypes, Hybrids were detected by a sensitive chemiluminescence assay, capable under normal diagnostic conditions of detecting specific wild poliovirus sequences in samples containing up to a 100-fold excess of Sabin vaccine strain-related sequences of the same serotype. C1 INST OSWALDO CRUZ,LAB ENTEROVIROSES,BR-20001 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. MINIST SALUD,INST NACL SALUD,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. CTR AMER & PANAMA,INST NUTR,VIROL LAB,PROGRAMA INFECC NUTR & INMUNOL,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. LAB NACL SALUD PUBL,DEPT VIROL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP De, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,G10,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2834 EP 2840 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YD173 UT WOS:A1997YD17300023 PM 9350743 ER PT J AU Gatti, S Sacchi, L Novati, S Corona, S Bernuzzi, AM Moura, H Pieniazek, NJ Visvesvara, GS Scaglia, M AF Gatti, S Sacchi, L Novati, S Corona, S Bernuzzi, AM Moura, H Pieniazek, NJ Visvesvara, GS Scaglia, M TI Extraintestinal microsporidiosis in AIDS patients: Clinical features and advanced protocols for diagnosis and characterization of the isolates SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists / 5th European Concerted Action on Pneumocystis Research CY SEP 03-06, 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE ID ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM C1 IRCCS S Matteo, Parasitol Lab, Virol Serv, Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dept Anim Biol, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Biol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Parasitol Lab, Infect Dis Res Labs, Pavia, Italy. RP Gatti, S (reprint author), IRCCS S Matteo, Parasitol Lab, Virol Serv, Pavia, Italy. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 79S EP 79S DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05793.x PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YQ060 UT WOS:000071343500074 PM 9508459 ER PT J AU Del Aguila, C Navajas, R Gurbindo, D Ramos, JT Mellado, MJ Fenoy, S Fernandez, MAM Subirats, M Ruiz, J Pieniazek, NJ AF Del Aguila, C Navajas, R Gurbindo, D Ramos, JT Mellado, MJ Fenoy, S Fernandez, MAM Subirats, M Ruiz, J Pieniazek, NJ TI Microsporidiosis in HIV-positive children in Madrid (Spain). SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists / 5th European Concerted Action on Pneumocystis Research CY SEP 03-06, 1997 CL LILLE, FRANCE DE AIDS; microsporidia; epidemiology; children ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; INFECTIONS; AIDS; PREVALENCE; DIARRHEA; PATIENT AB A prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence rates of microsporidiosis and other enteroparasites in HIV-positive children in the Madrid area. HIV-positive pediatric patients from three hospitals were enrolled in the study. A total of 293 samples (158 stool and 127 urine) were collected from 83 children whose mean age was 6.3 years and had a mean CD4 count of 504.7/mm(3) (range 1-2,220/mm(3)), 48 of whom suffered diarrhea at the time of the study. Microsporidia identification was investigated in stool and urine samples using Weber's chromotrope-based stain, IIF and PCR species-specific tests. Enteric parasites were identified in 32.5% of the children. Cryptosporidium sp. was the most common parasite encountered (14.4%), followed by Blastocytis sp. (9.6%) and Giardia duodenalis (8.4%). Microsporidia was only found in the stools of one child (1.2% of total and 2% of those with diarrhea) and Enterocytozoon bieneusi was demonstrated by PCR. The patient was 10 years old, presented non-chronic diarrhea and his CD4 count was 298/mm(3). These data differ from those previously reported by us in HIV-positive adults (13.9%) in the same area, although this group showed more severely depressed CD4 lymphocyte counts than children. New epidemiological studies should be carried out to elucidate whether additional risk factors exist between these groups. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, CEU, Sec Parasitol, Fac CCEE & Tecn, Madrid 28668, Spain. Hosp Gen Gregorio Maranon, Serv Immunopediat, Madrid, Spain. Hosp 12 Octubre, Dept Pediat, E-28041 Madrid, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Serv Pediat, Madrid, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Microbiol Serv, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Del Aguila, C (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, CEU, Sec Parasitol, Fac CCEE & Tecn, Ctra Boadilla Monte Km 5 3, Madrid 28668, Spain. RI del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016; Fenoy, Soledad /A-9633-2016 OI del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899; Fenoy, Soledad /0000-0002-5218-6308 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 84S EP 85S PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YQ060 UT WOS:000071343500079 PM 9580074 ER PT J AU Beard, CB AF Beard, CB TI Workshop overview of Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Leishmania SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 44 IS 6 BP 88S EP 88S DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05801.x PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YQ060 UT WOS:000071343500082 PM 9508467 ER PT J AU Tauxe, R Kruse, H Hedberg, C Potter, M Madden, J Wachsmuth, K AF Tauxe, R Kruse, H Hedberg, C Potter, M Madden, J Wachsmuth, K TI Microbial hazards and emerging issues associated with produce - A preliminary report to the National Advisory Committee on Microbiologic Criteria for Foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ILSI Symposium on Ensuring a Safe Global Food Supply at the 83rd IAMFES Annual Meeting CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP ILSI N Amer, Tech Comm Food Microbiol, Int Assoc Milk Food & Environm Sanitorians DE foodborne disease; outbreaks; produce; disease prevention ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PRESSED APPLE CIDER; SHIGELLA-SONNEI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FRESH VEGETABLES; ICEBERG LETTUCE; NORWALK VIRUS; 2 OUTBREAKS; HEPATITIS-A; SURVIVAL AB In the past two decades, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in the United States has increased, and the geographic sources and distribution of fresh produce have expanded greatly. Concomitantly, public health officials have documented an increase in the number of reported produce-associated foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the number of these outbreaks doubled between 1973 and 1987, and 1988 and 1991, and that the number of cases of illness associated with these outbreaks more than doubled. A variety of produce items have been affected. During 1995 alone, major outbreak investigations linked infections with Salmonella serotype Stanley to alfalfa sprouts, Salmonella Hartford to unpasteurized orange juice, Shigella spp. to lettuce and green onions, Escherichia coli O157:H7 to lettuce, and hepatitis A virus to tomatoes. In response to this apparent increase, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration asked the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods to address and better define the association of foodborne disease and microbial pathogens with fresh produce. A subcommittee formed in June 1995 is documenting relevant epidemiologic data, current industry practices, and laboratory data to identify potential hazards and related control strategies. This report presents the preliminary findings of that subcommittee. C1 US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 67 TC 226 Z9 230 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1400 EP 1408 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YH532 UT WOS:A1997YH53200021 ER PT J AU Clift, E Freimuth, V AF Clift, E Freimuth, V TI Changing women's lives: a communication perspective on participatory qualitative research techniques for gender equity SO JOURNAL OF GENDER STUDIES LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we first describe Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA), a group of qualitative research techniques that have the potential to raise the status pf women, particularly when carried out with all members of a community. We then present the traditional formative evaluation research methods such as focus groups and central location intercept interviews and discuss their use. We critically analyze the assumptions about information and audiences that underlie these traditional method, and then explain PRA techniques, the principles that govern their use as well as limitations to date vis-a-vis gender, followed by several examples. The paper concludes by illustrating how PRA can tie used from a communications perspective for gender equity in developing countries. C1 EMERSON COLL,BOSTON,MA 02116. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Clift, E (reprint author), YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0958-9236 J9 J GENDER STUD JI J. Gend. Stud. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Women's Studies SC Social Issues; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Women's Studies GA YJ730 UT WOS:A1997YJ73000005 ER PT J AU Samore, M Killgore, G Johnson, S Goodman, R Shim, J Venkataraman, L Sambol, S DeGirolami, P Tenover, F Arbeit, R Gerding, D AF Samore, M Killgore, G Johnson, S Goodman, R Shim, J Venkataraman, L Sambol, S DeGirolami, P Tenover, F Arbeit, R Gerding, D TI Multicenter typing comparison of sporadic and outbreak Clostridium difficile isolates from geographically diverse hospitals SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 21-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; NOSOCOMIAL ACQUISITION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CROSS-INFECTION; DIARRHEA; PCR; DNA; SYSTEMS; STRAINS AB In a collaborative study by three laboratories, arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR), HindIII restriction enzyme analysis (REA), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI were compared for typing of Clostridium difficile. The study included 30 isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in six geographically disparate hospitals and 15 isolates from sporadic cases of C., difficile diarrhea, REA distinguished a total of 23 types representing 10 groups; AP-PCR performed at Deaconess Hospital resolved 19 types; AP-PCR performed at the Centers for Disease Control resolved 15 types, Thirty isolates exhibited degradation of larger sized fragments during processing and therefore were nontypeable by PFGE; among the remaining 15 isolates, PFGE resolved 11 types. Outbreak isolates in five different hospitals represented REA group J and constituted a single AP-PCR strain, In summary, nosocomial outbreaks of C., difficile diarrhea in five hospitals were associated with a single genetic lineage as resolved by multiple strain typing systems. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON VA MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02118. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,LAKESIDE VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Samore, M (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,1 DEACONESS RD,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 176 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1238 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD809 UT WOS:A1997YD80900015 PM 9359723 ER PT J AU Raymond, NJ Reeves, M Ajello, G Baughman, W Gheesling, LL Carlone, GM Wenger, JD Stephens, DS AF Raymond, NJ Reeves, M Ajello, G Baughman, W Gheesling, LL Carlone, GM Wenger, JD Stephens, DS TI Molecular epidemiology of sporadic (endemic) serogroup C meningococcal disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; INTERSPECIES RECOMBINATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; UNITED-STATES; CARRIAGE; ADULTS; CANADA; GENES AB Understanding the basis of sporadic (endemic) meningococcal disease may be critical to prevention of meningococcal epidemic outbreaks and to understanding fluctuations in incidence, Active, prospective, population-based surveillance and molecular epidemiologic techniques were used co study sporadic serogroup C meningococcal disease in a population of 2.34 million persons (Atlanta area), During 1988-1994, in which no outbreaks or case clusters were reported, 71 patients developed sporadic serogroup C meningococcal disease (annual incidence, 0.51/100,000), Eighty-three percent of patients were > 2 years old. By multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and serotyping, 84% (52/62) of the isolates available for study were identical or closely related members of the electrophoretic type 37 (ET 37) complex responsible for multiple serogroup C outbreaks in the United States in the 1990s, Sporadic disease caused by 9 clonal strains occurred over periods up to 4 years and accounted for 45% (28/62) of cases, Sporadic serogroup C meningococcal disease was most often due to a limited number of related strains that appear to slowly circulate in the population. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30303. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 176 IS 5 BP 1277 EP 1284 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD809 UT WOS:A1997YD80900021 PM 9359729 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Hennessy, S Strom, BL Tsai, TF Wan, CM Tang, SC Xiang, CF Bilker, WB Pan, XP Yao, YJ Xu, ZW Halstead, SB AF Liu, ZL Hennessy, S Strom, BL Tsai, TF Wan, CM Tang, SC Xiang, CF Bilker, WB Pan, XP Yao, YJ Xu, ZW Halstead, SB TI Short-term safety of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (SA14-14-2): Results of a randomized trial with 26,239 subjects SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Global Meeting of the International-Clinical-Epidemiology-Network CY 1997 CL GEORGE TOWN, MALAYSIA SP Int Clin Epidemiol Network AB The short-term safety of an effective and inexpensive new live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (SA14-14-2) was studied in a randomized trial, using block randomization, Of 26,239 children who were enrolled, half received the vaccine and half served as controls, Subjects were prospectively followed for 30 days for severe adverse events, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and ''all-cause'' hospitalization. No cases of encephalitis or meningitis occurred in either group, The upper 95% confidence limit for adverse events not occurring among subjects receiving their first dose was 4.1/10,000, Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for other adverse events were 0.70 (0.43-1.15) for all-cause hospitalization, 0.91 (0.37-2.22) for seizure, and 0.79 (0.56-1.11) for fever lasting greater than or equal to 3 days, These data attest to the short-term safety of the SA14-14-2 virus strain and the hamster kidney cell substrate. C1 UNIV PENN, SCH MED, DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL, CTR CLIN EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. W CHINA UNIV MED SCI, INCLEN, CLIN EPIDEMIOL UNIT, CHENGDU 610041, SICHUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA. W CHINA UNIV MED SCI, DEPT PEDIAT, CHENGDU 610041, SICHUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA. CHENGDU ANTIEPIDEM STN, CHENGDU, SICHUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV PENN, SCH MED, DEPT MED, DIV GEN INTERNAL MED, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FT COLLINS, CO USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD USA. FU AHRQ HHS [1 FS32 HS00105] NR 9 TC 64 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 176 IS 5 BP 1366 EP 1369 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD809 UT WOS:A1997YD80900032 PM 9359740 ER PT J AU Horsburgh, CR Hanson, DL Jones, JL AF Horsburgh, CR Hanson, DL Jones, JL TI Does prior tuberculosis protect human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons from Mycobacterium avium complex disease? Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Horsburgh, CR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 176 IS 5 BP 1413 EP 1413 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD809 UT WOS:A1997YD80900045 ER PT J AU Gajanana, A Rajendran, R Samuel, PP Thenmozhi, V Tsai, TF Kimura-Kuroda, J Reuben, R AF Gajanana, A Rajendran, R Samuel, PP Thenmozhi, V Tsai, TF Kimura-Kuroda, J Reuben, R TI Japanese encephalitis in South Arcot district, Tamil Nadu, India: A three-year longitudinal study of vector abundance and infection frequency SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex tritaeniorhynchus; virus infection; Japanese encephalitis; epidemiology; India ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; VIRUS-ANTIGEN; MOSQUITOS; PATTERNS; SELANGOR; MALAYSIA AB In the South Arcot district, an area endemic for Japanese encephalitis in Tamil Nadu, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Culex vishnui Theobald, Culex gelidus Theobald and Culex fuscocephala Theobald constituted 93.6% of 422,621 adult females representing 27 culicine species collected between August 1991 and July 1994. Vector abundance was lowest in the hot and dry season (April-June) and highest in the cool and wet season (October-December) Overall, 285,531 adult female mosquitoes (5,710 pools) were tested for virus using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or by inoculation into larvae of Toxorhynchites splendens Wiedemann and identification by immunofluorescent test using JE virus specific monoclonal antibody or by both. In total, 91 isolations were made, of which 80 (88%) were identified as JE virus; 58 isolations were from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, 22 from Cx. vishnui, 6 from Cx. fuscocephala and 5 from Cx. gelidus, giving similar minimum infection rates (MLR) of 0.28, 0.41, 0.39, and 0.52, respectively. Vector abundance and MIR increased from July concurrently with the initiation of rice cultivation. MIR peaked in September followed by a decrease in October, but mosquitoes remained abundant until March. The decrease in MIR from October onward coincided with rising herd immunity in pigs. Although MIRs in October (0.47) and November (0.42) were lower than in September (0.92), a comp arable high risk of infection for humans continued because of high vector abundance and human biting rates. In the South Arcot district, the probability of a child receiving an infective bite was 0.53 per JE transmission season. C1 Indian Council Med Res, Ctr Res Med Entomol, Madurai 625002, Tamil Nadu, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Neurosci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Gajanana, A (reprint author), Indian Council Med Res, Ctr Res Med Entomol, Madurai 625002, Tamil Nadu, India. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 651 EP 659 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN830 UT WOS:000071212100011 PM 9439119 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA Dawson, JE Panciera, RJ Mathew, JS Pratt, KW Katavolos, P Telford, SR AF Ewing, SA Dawson, JE Panciera, RJ Mathew, JS Pratt, KW Katavolos, P Telford, SR TI Dogs infected with a human granulocytotropic Ehrlichia spp. (Rickettsiales : Ehrlichieae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human granulocytotropic Ehrlichia; Ixodes; dogs ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CAUSATIVE AGENT; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; IXODES-DAMMINI; TRANSMISSION; CHAFFEENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; WISCONSIN AB Dogs were found to be susceptible to human granulocytotropic Ehrlichia spp. Infection was produced through the bite of Ixodes scapularis Say (= dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin) nymphs and adults that acquired infection while feeding as larvae on experimentally infected mice. Dogs were also infected by intravenous injection of mouse blood or dog blood from parasitemic donors. Parasites were demonstrable in neutrophils within 8 or 9 d after nymphs began feeding; prepatent periods were longer when infection was induced by adult tick feeding (18 d) or by transfusion of mouse blood (12 d). The shortest prepatent period observed was 5 d in a dog infected by transfusion of blood from a parasitemic dog. Infections in dogs were mild and apparently transient. Mild thrombocytopenia was the most commonly observed abnormality. Parasites could be detected by light microscopy during the acute phase of infection (4 or 5 d) and parasite DNA by polymerase chain reaction as early as 5 d after exposure but not at 6-9 d after morulae were first observed in neutrophils. Likewise, dog blood was infectious for mice at 2 d but not at 25 d, and for dogs at 3 d but not at 13 d after morulae were first observed in neutrophils. Seroconversion occurred as early as 11 d after onset of tick feeding and persisted until dogs were euthanatized. Gross and histopathologic lesions were similar to those observed in dogs with E. canis (Donatien & Lestoquard), E. chaffeensis Anderson, Dawson & Wilson, and E. ewingii Anderson, Greene, Jones & Dawson infections but were generally milder than any of these. The moderate enlargement of lymphoid organs observed grossly was reaected histologically as mild to moderate reactive hyperplasia, which was largely follicular (B cell). C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ewing, SA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 37993, AI 39002] NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 34 IS 6 BP 710 EP 718 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA YN830 UT WOS:000071212100019 PM 9439127 ER PT J AU Erdman, DD Anderson, BC Torok, TJ Finkel, TH Anderson, LJ AF Erdman, DD Anderson, BC Torok, TJ Finkel, TH Anderson, LJ TI Possible transmission of parvovirus B19 from intravenous immune globulin SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCR; blood products; chronic B19 infection ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; BLOOD; CONCENTRATE; SERUM; DNA AB To look for genetic changes in human parvovirus B19 that might be associated with chronic infection, we sequenced B19 DNA obtained from serum specimens collected over an approximately 1-year period from a patient with systemic vasculitis. A comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the VP1/VP2 gene from four specimens revealed an abrupt change in the B19 genotype that coincided with initiation of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy. We suspect that one or more of the lots of IVIG administered to the patient were contaminated with B19, If true, this finding suggests that investigators must be careful in linking B19 infection to disease based on detection of B19 DNA in persons who have received multiple unit blood products. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DENVER,CO 80206. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 53 IS 3 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199711)53:3<233::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA YE755 UT WOS:A1997YE75500009 PM 9365888 ER PT J AU Hassan, K Sullivan, KM Yip, R Woodruff, BA AF Hassan, K Sullivan, KM Yip, R Woodruff, BA TI Factors associated with anemia in refugee children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE anemia; hemoglobin; iron deficiency; refugees; humans ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; PREVALENCE; ABSORPTION; CHILDHOOD; COMMUNITY; INFANCY; ISSUES; WOMEN; AGE AB A nutrition survey was performed in 1990 among children 6 through 35 mo of age living in Palestinian refugee camps in Syria, Jordan, the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Lebanon. Overall, 67% [95% confidence interval (CI): 66, 68] were anemic (hemoglobin <110 g/L), ranging from 54% in the West Bank to 75% in Syria. The following factors were significantly associated with anemia in one or more of three age groups (6-11.9, 12-23.9 and 24-35.9 mo) by logistic regression: living in Syria, Lebanon, or Gaza [with prevalence odds ratios (FOR) in the range of 1.4-2.6 depending on the age group and area, relative to children living in Jordan]; never having been breast-fed (FOR = 1.7); male sex (FOR = 1.2); maternal illiteracy (FOR = 1.4 relative to those with greater than or equal to 6 y of education); having a recent (within 2 wk) or current episode of fever or diarrhea; and stunting, Recent or current illness and stunting interacted in two age groups with the general trend of stunted children with recent or current illness having high FOR. Early childhood anemia is associated with factors reflecting poor socioeconomic status and recent diarrheal and febrile illnesses in Palestinian refugee camps. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY HLTH SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 127 IS 11 BP 2194 EP 2198 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YJ040 UT WOS:A1997YJ04000009 PM 9349847 ER PT J AU Basen-Engquist, K Parcel, GS Harrist, R Kirby, D Coyle, K Banspach, S Rugg, D AF Basen-Engquist, K Parcel, GS Harrist, R Kirby, D Coyle, K Banspach, S Rugg, D TI The safer choices project: Methodological issues in school-based health promotion intervention research SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE-SIZE; DISEASE PREVENTION; AIDS-PREVENTION; MODEL; RISK; RANDOMIZATION; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; DESIGN; IMPACT AB Randomized trials of school-based health promotion programs present unique design and analytical issues not widely discussed in the research literature. This article describes the Safer Choices study - a school-based program for prevention of HIV, other sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy - to illustrate critical methodological issues involved in large-scale, school-based intervention trials, particularly those evaluating interventions with a school-wide focus. The issues presented are: I) comparability of the intervention and control groups even when few units are randomized; 2) factors that affect the decision to use a cohort or cross-sectional design; and 3) appropriate analysis strategy when the unit of randomization and intervention is at the school level, bur observations are at the student level. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot Res & Dev, Houston, TX 77225 USA. ETR Associates, Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Basen-Engquist, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 243, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1997 VL 67 IS 9 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YY116 UT WOS:000072114900002 PM 9471087 ER PT J AU Ellis, BA Mills, JN Childs, JE Muzzini, MC McKee, KT Enria, DA Glass, GE AF Ellis, BA Mills, JN Childs, JE Muzzini, MC McKee, KT Enria, DA Glass, GE TI Structure and floristics of habitats associated with five rodent species in an agroecosystem in Central Argentina SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE RAIN-FORESTS; SMALL-MAMMAL FAUNA; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AKODON-AZARAE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CALOMYS-MUSCULINUS; PAMPA REGION; SELECTION; CRICETIDAE; DENSITY AB Microhabitat use for five rodent species (Calomys musculinus, Calomys laucha, Akodon azarae, Oligoryzomys flavescens and Bolomys obscurus) inhabiting agroecosystems of the central Argentine pampa was investigated for 17 months at six mark-recapture grids. Thirteen vegetation variables were measured along 748 transects at trap stations where rodents were captured and 252 stations where no captures were made. Principal components analysis was used to describe physiognomic differences among crop and post-harvest habitats, as well as the less-disturbed borders of crop fields. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the significance of principal components in predicting the presence of rodent species. Associations of rodents with plant species in border habitats were explored with Two-Way-Indicator-Species Analysis and correspondence analysis. Aerial coverage by vegetation, as well as ground cover by litter, and graminoid species richness, were important variables in predicting the presence of all rodent species, except C. laucha. Vertical vegetation density and maximum height were also important in determining the presence of C. musculinus in soybean fields. Within border habitats, C. laucha was found in lower quality microhabitats (increased bare ground, decreased vegetative cover, and decreased vertical vegetation density) and was associated with the invasive, introduced grass, Cynodon dactylon. C. laucha was restricted to apparently sub-optimal areas within border habitats during periods of high rodent density. These data indicate subtle differences in rodent-plant associations among the members of the rodent assemblage and possible competitive exclusion of C. laucha from stable habitats. Calomys musculinus is the principal reservoir for Junin virus, aetiological agent of Argentine haemorrhagic fever. These results have practical implications in helping define the risk of human disease on a fine scale and provide a theoretical basis for reservoir control and risk reduction. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. WOMACK ARMY MED CTR,COMMUNICABLE DIS UNIT,FT BRAGG,NC. INST NACL ENFERMEDADES VIRALES HUMANOS,PERGAMINO,ARGENTINA. RP Ellis, BA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 59 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 243 BP 437 EP 460 PN 3 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA YF448 UT WOS:A1997YF44800001 ER PT J AU Alvelo, J Echols, M Tenover, FN Raynor, JE AF Alvelo, J Echols, M Tenover, FN Raynor, JE TI Induced amino acid substitution in SHV-7 type beta-lactamase resulted in expanded cephalosporin resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FAYETTEVILLE STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 570 EP 570 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600567 ER PT J AU Scanlon, M Zhou, C Shaw, A Visvesvara, G Leitch, G AF Scanlon, M Zhou, C Shaw, A Visvesvara, G Leitch, G TI Microsporidia infection disrupts the host cell cycle. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 691 EP 691 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600690 ER PT J AU Dick, RB Krieg, EF Sim, MA Bernard, BP Taylor, BT AF Dick, RB Krieg, EF Sim, MA Bernard, BP Taylor, BT TI Evaluation of tremor in aluminum production workers SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum exposure; tremor; neurotoxicity; aluminum production ID DISEASE AB A cross-sectional study of 63 current and former aluminum potroom workers and 37 comparison workers was conducted to evaluate for evidence of neurological dysfunction, including tremor from long-term exposures to aluminum using sensitive quantitative measures of arm/hand and leg tremor. Signs of upper extremity tremor were also evaluated by neurological examination and compared with the quantitative measures of arm/hand tremor. Both arm/hand and leg tremor were measured using fatiguing test conditions, but no statistically significant differences due to exposure to aluminum were present between the potroom workers and the comparison workers. The neurological examination also showed no statistically significant differences between the groups on the evaluation of signs of tremor. These results do not support the findings of Best-Pettersen et al., who reported evidence of increased tremor in aluminum workers using the static steadiness test in the Halstead-Reitan battery. Differences between the studies that may have contributed to the contrasting results are discussed. In addition, techniques are presented for using microcomputer-controlled devices to evaluate tremor in both the visible (1-6 Hz) and nonvisible (7-18 Hz) frequencies of the tremor spectrum. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. MONASH UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. RP Dick, RB (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MS C-24,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 19 IS 6 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(97)00061-5 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA YF815 UT WOS:A1997YF81500004 PM 9392780 ER PT J AU Kuczmarski, RJ Carroll, MD Flegal, KM Troiano, RP AF Kuczmarski, RJ Carroll, MD Flegal, KM Troiano, RP TI Varying body mass index cutoff points to describe overweight prevalence among US Adults: NHANES III (1988 to 1994) SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE obesity; underweight; healthy weight; weight; height; national surveys ID UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-GAIN; OBESITY; HEALTH; RISK; MEN AB Body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) distributions are commonly reported in the scientific literature to describe weight for stature, These data are collected for various groups of subjects in local health and body composition studies, and comparisons with national distributions are often desirable, Tabular data for population prevalence estimates from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1994) at selected gender- and age-specific BMI levels ranging from <18.0 to >45.0 are presented and compared with various examples of BMI criteria reported in the scientific literature, NHANES III was a statistically representative national probability sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States in which height and weight were measured as part of a more comprehensive health examination. The implications of varying population prevalence estimates based on varying BMI cutoff points are briefly discussed for selected examples including World Health Organization overweight/obesity criteria and the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, The median BMI for U.S. adults aged 20 years and older is 25.5 kg/m(2), Median stature and weight for men are 175.5 cm and 80.0 kg and for women are 161.6 cm and 65.6 kg, respectively, The percentage of the population with BMI <19.0 is 1.6% for men, 5.7% for women; BMI greater than or equal to 19.0 to <25.0 is 39.0% for men, 43.6% for women; BMI greater than or equal to 25.0 is 59.4% for men, 50.7% for women, An estimated 97.1 million adults have a BMI greater than or equal to 25.0. Additional prevalence estimates based on other BMI cutoff points and ages are presented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kuczmarski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 43 TC 319 Z9 323 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 6 BP 542 EP 548 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA YY902 UT WOS:000072199300005 PM 9449138 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Manning, ML Bell, LM Banerjee, S Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Manning, ML Bell, LM Banerjee, S Jarvis, WR TI Patient density, nurse-to-patient ratio and nosocomial infection risk in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE understanding; overcrowding; nosocomial infection; pediatric intensive care unit; patient census ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB Background. An investigation of a Serratia marcescens outbreak in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) suggested that understaffing or overcrowding might have been underlying risk factors, Objective. To assess the effect of fluctuations in CICU nurse staffing levels and patient census on CICU nosocomial infection rate (MR), Methods, The monthly CICU nursing hours, patient days and nosocomial infections were obtained from retrospective review of administrative, patient and microbiology records during December, 1994, through December, 1995 (study period), The NIR and nursing hours:patient day ratio were then calculated, The correlations between NIR vs, nursing hours, patient days and nursing hours:patient day ratio were determined, Results, The median monthly CICU NIR was 6.9 (range, 0 to 15.2) infections per 1000 patient days; the median number of hours worked per month by CICU registered nurses was 7754 (range, 7133 to 8452) hours; the median number of patient days treated per month was 507 (range, 381 to 590) patient days; and the median monthly nursing hours:patient day ratio was 15.2:1 (range, 13.2:1 to 19.9:1), The strongest linear correlation was observed between the monthly NIR and patient days (r = 0.89, P = 0.0001), There was an inverse correlation between the monthly NIR and nursing hours:patient day ratio (r = -0.77, P = 0.003), Conclusions, The NIR was most strongly correlated with patient census but also was strongly associated with the nursing hours:patient day ratio. These factors may influence the infection rate because of breaks in health care worker aseptic technique or decreased hand washing, Increased patient census alone may increase the risk of cross-transmission of nosocomial infections, As hospitals proceed with cost containment efforts the effect of fluctuations in patient census and nurse staffing on patient outcomes needs evaluation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,INFECT CONTROL DEPT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 11 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1045 EP 1048 DI 10.1097/00006454-199711000-00008 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YF615 UT WOS:A1997YF61500009 PM 9384337 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Marcuse, E Black, S Shinefield, H Givens, B Schwalbe, J Ray, P Thompson, RS Chen, R Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Swint, E Jackson, LA Barlow, WE Immanuel, VH Benson, PJ Mullooly, JP Drew, L Mendius, B Lewis, N Fireman, BH Ward, JI Vadheim, CM Marcy, SM Jing, J Wulfson, M Lugg, M Osborne, P Wise, RP Rastogi, S Patriarca, P Caserta, V AF Davis, RL Marcuse, E Black, S Shinefield, H Givens, B Schwalbe, J Ray, P Thompson, RS Chen, R Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Swint, E Jackson, LA Barlow, WE Immanuel, VH Benson, PJ Mullooly, JP Drew, L Mendius, B Lewis, N Fireman, BH Ward, JI Vadheim, CM Marcy, SM Jing, J Wulfson, M Lugg, M Osborne, P Wise, RP Rastogi, S Patriarca, P Caserta, V TI MMR2 immunization at 4 to 5 years and 10 to 12 years of age: A comparison of adverse clinical events after immunization in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; adverse reactions; second dose; dose schedule ID MEASLES AB Background. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR2) at age 4 to 5 years of age, whereas the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests MMR2 immunization at age 11 to 12 years of age. Because there is little information on whether the rate of adverse reactions to MMR2 immunization varies among these two age groups, we took advantage of differing immunization policies at two large HMOs to compare the frequency of clinical events after, and possibly related to, MMR2 immunization. Methods. information was collected on clinical events plausibly associated to MMR immunization (seizures, pyrexia, malaise/fatigue, nervous/musculoskeletal symptoms, rash, edema, induration/ecchymoses, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, aseptic meningitis, and joint pain) in two cohorts. At three facilities at Northern California Raiser (Oakland, CA), 8514 children received MMR2 immunization at age 4 to 6 years of age; at Group Health Cooperative (Seattle, WA) 18036 children received MMR2 immunization at age 10 to 12 years of age. To account for age-related differences in health care use, within each HMO, clinical events in a 30-day period after immunization were compared with a 30-day period before vaccination. Results. Children 10 to 12 years of age were 50% more likely to have a clinical event after MMR2 immunization than in the period before immunization (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.00,2.10). Children 4 to 6 years of age were less likely to have a visit for an event after immunization compared with the period before immunization (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval: 0.40,1.01). Conclusions. These results suggest that the risk for clinical events after MMR2 immunizations is greater in the 10- to 12-year age group. C1 KAISER PERMANENTE VACCINE STUDY CTR,OAKLAND,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARBOR UCLA MED CTR,CTR VACCINE RES,TORRANCE,CA. KAISER PERMANENTE SO CALIF,PASADENA,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,DIV VACCINE INJURY COMPENSAT,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,IMMUNIZAT STUDIES PROGRAM,1730 MINOR AVE,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.767 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900003 PM 9346975 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Erickson, JD Jackson, RJ AF Paulozzi, LJ Erickson, JD Jackson, RJ TI Hypospadias trends in two US surveillance systems SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hypospadias; birth defect; surveillance ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; EXTERNAL GENITALIA AB Objective. Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly, the cause of which is unknown. Unexplained increases in the rates of hypospadias occurred in five European countries in the 1970s and 1980s. We examined data from two birth defects surveillance systems in the United States for evidence of similar trends. Methodology. The Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) provided birth prevalence rates from 1968 to 1993. The nationwide Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP) provided rates from 1970 to 1993. MACDP data are population-based and could be categorized by the severity of the hypospadias. BDMP data allowed analysis of rate trends for the four census regions of the United States. Results. Data from both surveillance systems showed an approximate doubling of hypospadias rates in the 1970s and 1980s. MACDP data showed that the rate of severe cases increased while the ratio of mild to severe cases decreased. BDMP data showed that hypospadias rates increased markedly in all four regions of the United States. Conclusions. The observed increases are unlikely to be attributable to increased sensitivity of the surveillance systems or the identification of more mild cases by physicians over time, because either trend would have increased rather than decreased the ratio of mild to severe cases. If real, these trends represent the largest number of cases and the first report of an increase in hypospadias rates outside of Europe. Additional investigation of a possible increase in hypospadias rates is warranted. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 331 Z9 355 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP 831 EP 834 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.831 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900011 PM 9346983 ER PT J AU Cordell, RL MacDonald, JK Solomon, SL Jackson, LA Boase, J AF Cordell, RL MacDonald, JK Solomon, SL Jackson, LA Boase, J TI Illnesses and absence due to illness among children attending child care facilities in Seattle King County, Washington SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE child day care centers; epidemiology; infectious diseases ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT ILLNESS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ATTENDANCE; CENTERS; ARRANGEMENTS; FREQUENCY; DIARRHEA; SEVERITY; HOMES; RISK AB Objectives. Although much of the economic impact of child care-associated illness in the United States is due to parents' time lost from work, there are no data on the incidence of absence due to illness among children in various types of out-of-home child care settings in the United States. The goals of this study were to compare the incidence of illness and absence due to illness among children attending child care homes (CCHs) and child care centers (CCCs). Methods. From July 1992 through June 1993, child care providers from 91 CCHs and 41 CCCs in Seattle-King County, Washington, provided information on absenteeism and illness for 96792 child-weeks of observation. Results. The age-adjusted incidence of provider-reported illness episodes among children in CCHs (10.4 episodes per 100 child-weeks) was greater than that among children in CCCs (6.7 episodes per 100 child-weeks). The incidence density ratio of illness amoung children <1 year of age in comparison to those greater-than-or-equal-to-5 years of age in CCCs (4.5) was greater-than that among similar groups in CCHs (5.1 days per 100 child-weeks) was less than that among children in CCCs (8.9 days per 100 child-weeks). Conclusions. Results comparing the incidence of illness between children in various types of child care settings may be influenced by information sources. The incidence of illness among children in CCHs may be greater-than that among children in CCCs. The increased incidence of absence due to illness among children in CCCs compared with that among children in CCHs probably reflects differences in exclusion and attendance policies and practices between these two types of settings. C1 SEATTLE KING COUNTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RP Cordell, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPEC STUDIES ACTIVITY,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP 850 EP 855 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.850 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900041 PM 9346986 ER PT J AU Santosham, M Keenan, EM Tulloch, J Broun, D Glass, R AF Santosham, M Keenan, EM Tulloch, J Broun, D Glass, R TI Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea: An example of reverse transfer of technology SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE oral rehydration therapy; oral rehydration solution; diarrhea ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN AB On November 13 and 14, 1996, a scientific symposium on oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was held at the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health in Baltimore, MD. The purpose of the meeting was to review the current treatment practices for the treatment of this disease in the United States. The group noted that diarrhea resulted in 300 to 400 deaths per year among children, similar to 200 000 hospitalizations, 1.5 million outpatient visits, and costs >$1 billion in direct medical costs. ORT is well established therapy for the treatment and prevention of dehydration due to diarrhea. The principles of ORT treatment include early adequate rehydration therapy using an appropriate oral rehydration solution (ORS), replacement of ongoing fluid losses from vomiting and diarrhea with ORS, and frequent feeding of appropriate foods as soon as dehydration is corrected. The effective use of ORT has saved millions of lives around the world. However, in the United States, ORT is grossly underused. Contrary to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health care providers overuse intravenous hydration, prolong rehydration, delay reintroduction of feeding, and inappropriately withhold ORT, especially with children who are vomiting. The expert panel noted that the majority of deaths, hospitalization, and visits to emergency departments could be prevented by the appropriate use of ORT. They generated guidelines for the treatment and prevention of dehydration secondary to diarrhea. These measures, together with training providers, could substantially reduce diarrhea mortality and decrease hospitalizations of children by 100 000 per year in the next 5 years. C1 AMER ACAD PEDIAT, W NEWTON, MA 02165 USA. WHO, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND. UNICEF, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP Santosham, M (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, CTR AMER INDIAN & ALASKAN NATIVE HLTH, 615 N WOLFE ST, ROOM 5505, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP art. no. EP e10 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.e10 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900027 PM 9347004 ER PT J AU Yu, SM Kogan, MD Gergen, P AF Yu, SM Kogan, MD Gergen, P TI Vitamin-mineral supplement use among preschool children in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vitamin-mineral supplements; preschool child; socioeconomic factors; National Maternal and Infant Health Survey ID INFANT HEALTH SURVEY AB Objective. To estimate the prevalence of recent supplement use in a national sample of preschool children and to examine the relationship of maternal and child characteristics, past maternal supplement use practices, familial, health services, and child health factors associated with supplement use. Methods. We used data on 8285 preschool children whose mothers were interviewed for the 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up to the 1988 National Maternal and infant Health Survey. Data collection was conducted either by telephone or personal interview. The sample is representative of the estimated 3.8 million US born children in 1988 and alive in 1991. The outcome measures are whether the child was given any vitamin and mineral supplements at least 3 days a week in the 30 days before the interview and the type of supplement received. Statistical techniques included bivariate and weighted multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. More than half of all US 3-year-olds (54.4%) were given some vitamin and mineral supplement. The most common supplements consumed were multivitamin-mineral with iron (59% of supplement users) and multivitamin-mineral without iron (26.4%). Children who received any supplements tended to have mothers who are non-Hispanic White, older, more educated, married, insured, receiving care from a private health care provider, have greater household income, and took supplements during pregnancy. Child health characteristics associated with supplement use included first birth order and having eating problems or poor appetites. Conclusions. More than half of US preschool children used vitamin and mineral supplements. The sociodemographic and health predictors identified for supplement use suggest that groups at risk for nonuse are likely the same groups whose circumstances may predispose a need for supplementation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. RP Yu, SM (reprint author), US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM, MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR, 5600 FISHERS LANE, 18A-55, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 100 IS 5 BP art. no. EP e4 DI 10.1542/peds.100.5.e4 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA YD739 UT WOS:A1997YD73900021 PM 9346998 ER PT J AU Campsmith, ML Goldbaum, GM Brackbill, RM Tollestrup, K Wood, RW Weybright, J AF Campsmith, ML Goldbaum, GM Brackbill, RM Tollestrup, K Wood, RW Weybright, J TI HIV testing among men who have sex with men - Results of a telephone survey SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; men who have sex with men; population-based survey ID GAY MEN; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; RISK; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; DECISIONS; PARTNERS AB Background. This article describes the testing behavior for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody among an urban population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and the reasons given for not being tested for HIV. Methods. A random digit dialing telephone survey of men living in selected neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington, was conducted from June through August 1992. Results. Of 603 MSM interviewed, 82% had ever been tested for HIV; 19% of tested men were seropositive. MSM who were older, nonwhite, with lower income, or not currently sexually active were less likely to have been tested. Among nontesters, 57% believed their risk of infection was too low to justify testing; 52% said they had not tested due to fear of learning the result, Testers and nontesters had similar rates of unprotected sexual behavior, Conclusions. Most MSM who had not been tested for HPV believed they were not at risk of infection and/or were fearful of learning the result, To increase the proportion of MSM who test, public health agencies may need to emphasize that unexpected infection does occur and that new therapies are available for those testing positive. Innovative programs may be necessary to reach those who have not yet decided to be tested. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. GILMORE RES GRP, SEATTLE, WA USA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH, OLYMPIA, WA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, DEPT MED, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED, DEPT HLTH SERV, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH, AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM, SEATTLE, WA USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH, AIDS PREVENT UNIT, SEATTLE, WA USA. FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU002118-6] NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 839 EP 844 DI 10.1006/pmed.1997.0223 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA YH616 UT WOS:A1997YH61600010 PM 9388796 ER PT J AU Hoyert, DL Rosenberg, HM AF Hoyert, DL Rosenberg, HM TI Alzheimer's disease as a cause of death in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; DEMENTIA; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS; ROCHESTER; MINNESOTA; TRENDS; TIME AB Objective. To describe the scope of mortality from and trends in Alzheimer's disease, to show how Alzheimer's disease ranks as a leading cause of death, to describe a methodological change regarding ranking, and to discuss issues related to the reporting of Alzheimer's disease on death certificates. Methods. The authors analyzed mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. Results. Alzheimer's disease has increasingly been reported as a cause of death on death certificates in the United States; however, this increase may represent a variety of factors including improved diagnosis and awareness of the disease or changes in the perception or Alzheimer's disease as a cause of death. In 1995, Alzheimer's disease was identified as the underlying cause of 20,606 deaths. Overall, Alzheimer's disease was the 14th leading cause of death in 1995; for people 65 years of age or older, it was the 8th leading cause of death. Both death rates and cause-of-death ranking differed by selected demographic variables. Conclusions. In recognition of the importance of the condition as a major public health problem, Alzheimer's disease was added to the list of causes eligible to be ranked as leading causes of death in the United States beginning with mortality data for 1994. Several issues need to be kept in mind in interpreting mortality data on Alzheimer's disease, including how diagnoses are made, how the condition is classified, and the purpose of death certificates. RP Hoyert, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,MORTAL STAT BRANCH,DIV VITAL STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 112 IS 6 BP 497 EP 505 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YK134 UT WOS:A1997YK13400021 PM 10822478 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K StLouis, ME Supawitkul, S Korattana, S Mastro, TD AF Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K StLouis, ME Supawitkul, S Korattana, S Mastro, TD TI Medication use by female sex workers for treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, Chiang Rai, Thailand SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; NORTHERN THAILAND; HIV-1 INFECTION; CONDOM USE; MEN; TRANSMISSION; PROGRAM AB Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) in Thailand are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Although regular attendance at public STD clinics is required, FSWs may frequently use medications obtained in the community for STDs. Objectives: To determine the frequency of use of medications for STDs from sources other than public STD clinics among FSWs in Thailand and to describe factors associated with such medication use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of FSWs attending the public STD clinic in Chiang Rai, Thailand, was performed. Results: Of the 200 FSWs interviewed, 55% had ever used medications to treat or prevent STDs from a source other than a public STD Clinic, and 36% had done so in the prior year. Most use (79%) was to treat STD symptoms, and medication was most frequently obtained directly from a pharmacy (54%). This use of community medication for STDs was associated with younger age, non-Thai ethnicity, seeking STD treatment during the current clinic visit, and brothel-based sex work. Conclusions: Use of medications from various sources in the community was common among these FSWs. Further research is needed to determine the appropriateness of this treatment. Innovative methods to ensure adequate quality STD care by community providers and to improve the health-care-seeking behaviors of these high-risk women are needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CHIANG RAI PROV HLTH OFF,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), MINIST PUBL HLTH,HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,DMS 6 BLDG,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 24 IS 10 BP 593 EP 598 DI 10.1097/00007435-199711000-00008 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YE259 UT WOS:A1997YE25900008 PM 9383849 ER PT J AU Lyons, SF McGillivray, GM Martin, DJ Whistler, T AF Lyons, SF McGillivray, GM Martin, DJ Whistler, T TI Evaluation of an 'in-house' diagnostic PCR for detection of various HIV-1 subtypes SO SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA C1 Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, AIDS Virus Res Unit, Natl Inst Virol,Dept Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lyons, SF (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, AIDS Virus Res Unit, Natl Inst Virol,Dept Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MED ASSOC S AFRICA PI JOHANNESBURG PA MED HOUSE CENTRAL SQ 7430 PINELANDS PRIV BAG X1, JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0038-2469 J9 S AFR MED J JI S. Afr. Med. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1553 EP 1554 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YN177 UT WOS:000071140800030 PM 9472285 ER PT J AU Gist, GL Burg, JR AF Gist, GL Burg, JR TI Benzene - A review of the literature from a health effects perspective SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE benzene; environmental exposures; National Exposure Registry ID BONE-MARROW CELLS; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; EPIDEMIOLOGIC RISK ASSESSMENT; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; INDUSTRY WIDE MORTALITY; RATS SIGMODON HISPIDUS; REPEATED ORAL-EXPOSURE AB A literature review of the impact on human health of exposure to benzene was conducted. Special emphasis in this report is given to the health effects reported in excess of national norms by participants in the Benzene Subregistry of the National Exposure Registry-people having documented exposure to benzene through the use of benzene-contaminated water for domestic purposes. The health effects reported in excess (p less than or equal to.01) by some or all of the sex and age groups studied were diabetes, kidney disease, respiratory allergies, skin rashes, and urinary tract disorders; anemia was also increased for females, but not significantly so. RP AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY, EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH, DIV HLTH STUDIES, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 469 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 661 EP 714 PG 54 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YG640 UT WOS:A1997YG64000001 PM 9399416 ER PT J AU DeRosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D JordanIzaguirre, D OConnor, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C AF DeRosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D JordanIzaguirre, D OConnor, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C TI Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil .1. ATSDR interim policy guideline SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dioxin; human exposure; risk assessment; soil levels; TCDD; TEQs RP DeRosa, CT (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,MAILSTOP E-29,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 759 EP 768 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YG640 UT WOS:A1997YG64000006 PM 9399421 ER PT J AU DeRosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D JordanIzaguirre, D OConnor, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C AF DeRosa, CT Brown, D Dhara, R Garrett, W Hansen, H Holler, J Jones, D JordanIzaguirre, D OConnor, R Pohl, H Xintaras, C TI Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in soil .2. Technical support document for ATSDR interim policy guideline SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dioxin; human exposure; risk assessment; soil levels; TCDD; TEQs ID CLINICAL LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS; OPERATION RANCH HAND; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; GUINEA-PIGS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; THYROID-HORMONES; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; MANUFACTURING SITE; TRANSFORMER FLUID; CONTAMINATED SOIL RP DeRosa, CT (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,MAILSTOP E-29,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 98 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 769 EP 804 PG 36 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YG640 UT WOS:A1997YG64000007 PM 9399422 ER PT J AU Black, JB Burns, DA Goldsmith, CS Feorino, PM Kite-Powell, K Schinazi, RF Krug, PW Pellett, PE AF Black, JB Burns, DA Goldsmith, CS Feorino, PM Kite-Powell, K Schinazi, RF Krug, PW Pellett, PE TI Biologic properties of human herpesvirus 7 strain SB SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HHV-7 growth; antiviral drug activity; host cell effects ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FREQUENT ISOLATION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; SALIVA; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MANIFESTATIONS; INTERFERENCE; REPLICATION; ANTIBODIES AB The growth characteristics of human herpesvirus 7 strain SB (HHV-7 (SB)) were studied in human umbilical cord blood lymphocyte (CBL) cultures. The virus has approximately a 4-day growth cycle, as measured by immunofluorescence analysis, quantitation of the relative Viral DNA concentration, and examination of infected cells by electron microscopy on consecutive days post-infection. By systematically varying the culture media components, improved culturing conditions were established. Activated lymphocytes were required for virus growth. HHV-7(SB) grew best in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CBL cultured in media containing 0.01 mg/ml hydrocortisone. Addition of recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2) at concentrations exceeding 1-10 U/ml inhibited virus growth in most CBL cultures. Addition of exogenous IL-2 to the culture media had no effect on viral DNA production. However, the percentage of virus antigen-positive cells was highest when 0.1-1 U/ml was added to the media. Differences in the ability of individual CBL cultures to replicate HHV-7(SB) was not explained by differing CD4 + cell concentrations. However, individual cultures varied in the level of endogenous IL-2 production, which may contribute to the virus growth variability in CBL. HHV-7(SB) grew in the CD4-positive T-cell line SupT1, but not in a variety of other lymphocyte, fibroblast, or epithelial cell lines. Nine compounds were tested for antiviral activity against HHV-7 in vitro. Phosphonoformic acid inhibited virus growth with a 50% effective concentration of 4.8 mu M. Ganciclovir (200 mu M) and phosphonoacetic acid (100 mu M) inhibited more than 90% of virus production. None of the compounds were cytotoxic at concentrations which inhibited the virus. A generalized increase in host cell protein synthesis was also observed in virus-infected cells similar to that seen in CBL infected with human herpesvirus 6. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Biochem Pharmacol Lab, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Black, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00102-0 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA YM596 UT WOS:000071080600003 PM 9453142 ER PT J AU Moos, MK Petersen, R Meadows, K Melvin, CL Spitz, AM AF Moos, MK Petersen, R Meadows, K Melvin, CL Spitz, AM TI Pregnant women's perspectives on intendedness of pregnancy SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Premot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moos, MK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NR 29 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 7 IS 6 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S1049-3867(97)00081-9 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA YM269 UT WOS:000071046700006 PM 9439199 ER PT J AU Kimata, K Hosoya, K Kuroki, H Tanaka, N Barr, JR McClure, PC Patterson, DG Jakobsson, E Bergman, A AF Kimata, K Hosoya, K Kuroki, H Tanaka, N Barr, JR McClure, PC Patterson, DG Jakobsson, E Bergman, A TI Selectivity of electron-donor- and electron-acceptor-bonded silica packing materials for hydrophobic environmental contaminants in polar and non-polar eluents SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE stationary phases, LC; 2-(nitrophenyl)ethylsilyl silica; 3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propylsilyl silica; 3-(N-carbazolyl)propylsilyl silica; 2-(1-pyrenyl)ethylsilyl silica; 5-coronenylpentylsilyl silica; polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins; hexachloronaphthalenes; polychlorobiphenyls; tetrachlorodibenzofurans ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; SUBSTITUTED POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STATIONARY PHASES; ISOMER IDENTIFICATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; HUMAN-SERUM; SEPARATION AB Electron-acceptor-bonded stationary phases, 2-(nitrophenyl)ethylsilyl (NPE) and 3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propylsilyl (NPO), and electron-donor-bonded phases, 3-(N-carbazolyl)propylsilyl (CZP), 2-(1-pyrenyl)ethylsilyl (PYE), and 5-coronenylpentylsilyl (COP), were prepared from silica particles and their selectivities were examined in both polar and non-polar solvents for specific isomers of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), hexachloronaphthalenes (HxCNs) and planar and non-planar polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners, Although no single stationary phase was able to separate all the isomer pairs that are coproduced during the synthesis of the PCDDs and HxCNs, pairs can be separated by selecting a suitable stationary phase and solvent. The separation of mixtures of PCDD isomers were found to be most successful with PYE and NPO phases, which yielded the opposite elution orders for each isomer pair that is produced as a mixture. Similar results were obtained for the HxCN isomers that were separated on PYE and CZP phases. The COP phase provided easier separation of non-ortho-substituted and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs from the other PCBs based on the planarity than PYE phase. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NACALAI TESQUE,MUKO,KYOTO 617,JAPAN. DAIICHI COLL PHARMACEUT SCI,FUKUOKA 815,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT ENVIRONM CHEM,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 786 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00597-9 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YH100 UT WOS:A1997YH10000005 PM 9408988 ER PT J AU Dennis, DT Meltzer, MI AF Dennis, DT Meltzer, MI TI Antibiotic prophylaxis after tick bites SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID LYME-DISEASE; MISDIAGNOSIS; PREVENTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Dennis, DT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 25 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9086 BP 1191 EP 1192 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63449-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YD238 UT WOS:A1997YD23800005 PM 9652556 ER PT J AU Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S Murayi, T Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Passaro, K Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Shepard, D Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Cautley, E Futa, M AF Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S Murayi, T Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Passaro, K Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Shepard, D Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Cautley, E Futa, M TI Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination levels among adults aged >=65 years - United States, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 913-919, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ASSESSMENT BRANCH,DATA MANAGEMENT DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Durham, J (reprint author), CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ADULT VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 16 BP 1306 EP 1307 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA905 UT WOS:A1997YA90500010 ER PT J AU Sisk, JE Moskowitz, AJ Whang, W Lin, JD Fedson, DS McBean, AM Plouffe, JF Cetron, MS Butler, JC AF Sisk, JE Moskowitz, AJ Whang, W Lin, JD Fedson, DS McBean, AM Plouffe, JF Cetron, MS Butler, JC TI Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia among elderly people SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; TENTATIVE GUIDELINES; ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS; RISK; EFFICACY; COUNTY; IMMUNIZATION; POPULATION; INFLUENZA; DISEASE AB Context.-Clinical, epidemiologic, and policy considerations support updating the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination for elderly people and targeting the evaluation only to prevention of pneumococcal bacteremia. Objective.-To assess the implications for medical costs and health effects of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia in elderly people. Design.-Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal vaccination compared with no vaccination, from a societal perspective. Setting and Participants.-The elderly population aged 65 years and older in the United States in 3 geographic areas: metropolitan Atlanta, Ga; Franklin County, Ohio; and Monroe County, New York. Main Outcome Measures.-Incremental medical costs and health effects, expressed in quality-adjusted life-years per person vaccinated. Results.-Vaccination was cost saving, ie, it both reduced medical expenses and improved health, for all age groups and geographic areas analyzed in the base case, For people aged 65 years and older, vaccination saved $8.27 and gained 1.21 quality-adjusted days of life per person vaccinated, Vaccination of the 23 million elderly people unvaccinated in 1993 would have gained about 78 000 years of healthy life and saved $194 million, In univariate sensitivity analysis, the results remained cost saving except for doubling vaccination costs, including future medical costs of survivors, and lowering vaccination effectiveness, With assumptions most unfavorable to vaccination, cost per quality-adjusted life-year ranged from $35 822 for ages 65 to 74 years to $598 487 for ages 85 years and older. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, probability intervals were more narrow, with less than 5% probability that the ratio for ages 85 years and older would exceed $100 000. Conclusions.-Pneumococcal vaccination saves costs in the prevention of bacteremia alone and is greatly underused among the elderly population, on both health and economic grounds. These results support recent recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and public and private efforts under way to improve vaccination rates. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. PASTEUR MERIEUX MSD, LYON, FRANCE. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Sisk, JE (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, DIV HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT, 600 W 168TH ST, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. OI Moskowitz, Alan/0000-0002-4412-9450 NR 52 TC 258 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 22 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 16 BP 1333 EP 1339 DI 10.1001/jama.278.16.1333 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA905 UT WOS:A1997YA90500034 PM 9343464 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Saliba, RM Bahhage, FS Shekelle, RB AF Fulton, JE Saliba, RM Bahhage, FS Shekelle, RB TI Cigarette smoking modifies the association between body mass index and coronary mortality: Chicago Western Electric Study, 1958-1983 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 21 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 8 SU S BP 1241 EP 1241 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YC880 UT WOS:A1997YC88001239 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Mannino, DM Ashizawa, A AF Johnson, CA Mannino, DM Ashizawa, A TI Trends in asthma mortality - Asthma mortality in United States has risen but is similar to that in England and Wales SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter ID DEATHS RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 18 PY 1997 VL 315 IS 7114 BP 1012 EP 1013 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YC307 UT WOS:A1997YC30700034 PM 9365306 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AE Falcon, N Gavidia, C Garcia, HH Tsang, VCW Bernal, T Romero, M Gilman, RH AF Gonzalez, AE Falcon, N Gavidia, C Garcia, HH Tsang, VCW Bernal, T Romero, M Gilman, RH TI Treatment of porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole: a dose-response trial SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM CYSTICERCOSIS; PRAZIQUANTEL TREATMENT; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; BRAIN; ASSAY; PERU AB Taenia solium cysticercosis is an important public health problem in developing countries, Oxfendazole has been shown to he highly effective against porcine cysticercosis, when given as a single dose at 30 mg/kg bodyweight. This dose, however, was estimated from experience with albendazole. A controlled dose-response trial was therefore undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of three concentrations of oxfendazole, Twenty-four naturally parasitised pigs were divided into four groups and treated with oxfendazole at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, or left untreated. Eight to 10 weeks later the pigs were killed and the viability of the parasites assessed by evagination, No side-effects of oxfendazole treatment were observed, In the control group more than 90 per cent of the cysts were viable, Viable cysts were found in the muscle and brain of the pigs heated with 10 or 20 mg/kg oxfendazole. At 30 mg/kg there were no viable cysts in any of the tissues examined, indicating that this concentration of oxfendazole provided an effective treatment against porcine cysticercosis. C1 UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,LIMA,PERU. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,DEPT PATOL,LIMA,PERU. CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Gonzalez, AE (reprint author), UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,FAC MED VET,LIMA 14,PERU. OI Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU PHS HHS [1-U01 A135894-01] NR 19 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD OCT 18 PY 1997 VL 141 IS 16 BP 420 EP 422 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YE552 UT WOS:A1997YE55200010 PM 9364715 ER PT J AU Fleming, DT McQuillan, GM Johnson, RE Nahmias, AJ Aral, SO Lee, FK StLouis, ME AF Fleming, DT McQuillan, GM Johnson, RE Nahmias, AJ Aral, SO Lee, FK StLouis, ME TI Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 TO 1994 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; GENITAL HERPES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; SEROCONVERSION; ANTIBODIES; REACTIVATION; PREVALENCE AB Background Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is usually transmitted sexually and can cause recurrent, painful genital ulcers. In neonates the infection is potentially lethal. We investigated the seroprevalence and correlates of HSV-2 infection in the United States and identified changes in HSV-2 seroprevalence since the late 1970s. Methods Serum samples and questionnaire data were collected during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) II (1976 to 1980) and III (1988 to 1994). HSV-2 antibody was assessed with an immunodot assay specific for glycoprotein gG-2 of HSV-2. Results From 1988 to 1994, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in persons 12 years of age or older in the United States was 21.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 20.2 to 23.6 percent), corresponding to 45 million infected people in the noninstitutionalized civilian population. The seroprevalence was higher among women (25.6 percent) than men (17.8 percent) and higher among blacks (45.9 percent) than whites (17.6 percent). Less than 10 percent of all those who were seropositive reported a history of genital herpes infection. In a multivariate model, the independent predictors of HSV-2 seropositivity were female sex, black race or Mexican-American ethnic background, older age, less education, poverty, cocaine use, and a greater lifetime number of sexual partners. As compared with the period from 1976 to 1980, the age-adjusted seroprevalence of HSV-2 rose 30 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 15.8 to 45.8 percent). The seroprevalence quintupled among white teenagers and doubled among whites in their twenties. Among blacks and older whites, the increases were smaller. Conclusions Since the late 1970s, the prevalence of HSV-2 infection has increased by 30 percent, and HSV-2 is now detectable in roughly one of five persons 12 years of age or older nationwide. Improvements in the prevention of HSV-2 infection are needed, particularly since genital ulcers may facilitate the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. NR 58 TC 793 Z9 817 U1 3 U2 20 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 16 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1056/NEJM199710163371601 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA912 UT WOS:A1997YA91200001 PM 9329932 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO Ward, JW Baker, AC AF Gostin, LO Ward, JW Baker, AC TI National HIV case reporting for the United States - A defining moment in the history of the epidemic SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH INFORMATION PRIVACY; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; AIDS SURVEILLANCE; CUBIC MILLIMETER; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; SYSTEM; COMBINATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL ASSOC PEOPLE AIDS,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,CTR LAW,WASHINGTON,DC 20001, USA. NR 64 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 16 BP 1162 EP 1167 DI 10.1056/NEJM199710163371611 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA912 UT WOS:A1997YA91200011 PM 9329940 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL Ackers, ML AF Herwaldt, BL Ackers, ML TI Cyclosporiasis and raspberries - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 16 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 16 BP 1171 EP 1172 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA YA912 UT WOS:A1997YA91200019 ER PT J AU Allison, DB Heo, MS Flanders, DW Faith, MS Wiliamson, DF AF Allison, DB Heo, MS Flanders, DW Faith, MS Wiliamson, DF TI Examination of ''early mortality exclusion'' as an approach to control for confounding by occult disease in epidemiologic studies of mortality risk factors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; confounding factors (epidemiology); death; mortality; odds ratio; relative hazard; relative risk ID SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; BODY-WEIGHT; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MEN AB Methods for the estimation of the effects of chronic disease risk factors on mortality continue to be an area that generates confusion and controversy, In response to the frequently observed U- or J-shaped relations between risk factors and mortality, some authors suggest that subjects dying during the first k years of follow-up (where k is some positive number less than the total length of follow-up) be excluded from statistical analyses, By excluded, the authors mean completely removed from the data set. The rationale is that persons dying during the first k years are likely to have a preexisting occult disease that confounds the relation between the risk factor under study and mortality, Excluding persons dying during the first k years of follow-up purportedly reduces this confounding. However, the authors are aware of no demonstration that this procedure effectively accomplishes its goal, They shaw that excluding subjects who die during the first k years of follow-up does not necessarily lead to a reduction in bias in the estimated effect of a risk factor on mortality when this relation is confounded by the presence of occult disease, Moreover, it is possible for such exclusion to exacerbate the confounding due to preexisting disease, Thus, excluding subjects dying during the first k years of follow-up is not necessarily an effective strategy for dealing with confounding due to occult disease, Investigators are encouraged to pursue alternative methods. C1 EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Allison, DB (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG, ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP, OBES RES CTR, 1090 AMSTERDAM AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. OI Allison, David/0000-0003-3566-9399 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK51716, T32DK37352]; NIH HHS [P3ODK26687] NR 41 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 8 BP 672 EP 680 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YC010 UT WOS:A1997YC01000009 PM 9345122 ER PT J AU Whittington, W Desmon, S Kent, C Kohn, R Brazell, T Montes, JM Harger, D Fox, V Judson, FN AF Whittington, W Desmon, S Kent, C Kohn, R Brazell, T Montes, JM Harger, D Fox, V Judson, FN TI Gonorrhea among men who have sex with men - Selected sexually transmitted diseases clinics, 1993-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 889-892, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HOMOSEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN; AIDS; INCREASE; RISK C1 SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. SAN DIEGO DEPT HLTH SVCS,SAN DIEGO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,STD CONTROL BR,BERKELEY,CA 94704. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,HONOLULU,HI. DENVER DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA & CHANCROID BR,DIV AIDS,STD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BR,DIV STD PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV,STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Whittington, W (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 15 BP 1228 EP 1229 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XZ709 UT WOS:A1997XZ70900011 ER PT J AU Leone, PA Fiscus, L Williams, D Foust, EM Moser, JM AF Leone, PA Fiscus, L Williams, D Foust, EM Moser, JM TI Chlamydia screening practices of primary-care providers - Wake County, North Carolina, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 819-822, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INFECTION C1 CDC,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BR,DIV STD PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Leone, PA (reprint author), WAKE CTY STD CLIN,RALEIGH,NC, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 15 BP 1229 EP 1230 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XZ709 UT WOS:A1997XZ70900012 ER PT J AU Candal, DH Pau, CP Luo, CC Granade, T Stetler, H Amador, L Meza, R Nunez, C Schochetman, G George, JR AF Candal, DH Pau, CP Luo, CC Granade, T Stetler, H Amador, L Meza, R Nunez, C Schochetman, G George, JR TI Genetic variability of HIV type 1 in Honduras SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID V3 REGION; GLYCOPROTEIN; DIVERSITY C1 MINIST HLTH,TEGUCIGALPA,HONDURAS. RP Candal, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 10 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 15 BP 1349 EP 1350 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.1349 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YE738 UT WOS:A1997YE73800012 PM 9339852 ER PT J AU Zwerling, C Burmeister, L Reynolds, S McKnight, R Browning, S Reed, D Wilkins, J Bean, T Mitchell, L Hallman, E May, J Stark, A Hwang, S AF Zwerling, C Burmeister, L Reynolds, S McKnight, R Browning, S Reed, D Wilkins, J Bean, T Mitchell, L Hallman, E May, J Stark, A Hwang, S TI Use of rollover protective structures - Iowa, Kentucky, New York, and Ohio, 1992-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 842-845, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY. NEW YORK CTR AGR MED & HLTH,COOPERSTOWN,NY. CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,DIV SAFETY RES,CINCINNATI,OH. RP Zwerling, C (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 14 BP 1144 EP 1145 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XY422 UT WOS:A1997XY42200014 ER PT J AU Martin, R Wilcox, KR Campbell, C Ellis, H AF Martin, R Wilcox, KR Campbell, C Ellis, H TI Update: Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 813-815, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,TRENTON,NJ. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Martin, R (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,LANSING,MI, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 8 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 14 BP 1145 EP 1146 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XY422 UT WOS:A1997XY42200015 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A Robinson, K Wenger, JD Harrison, LH Farley, M Reingold, AL Lefkowitz, L Perkins, BA AF Schuchat, A Robinson, K Wenger, JD Harrison, LH Farley, M Reingold, AL Lefkowitz, L Perkins, BA TI Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MENINGOCOCCAL-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; POLYSACCHARIDE; EMERGENCE AB Background Before the introduction of the conjugate vaccines, Haemophilus influenzae type b was the major cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States, and meningitis was primarily a disease of infants and young children. We describe the epidemiologic features of bacterial meningitis five years after the H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines were licensed for routine immunization of infants. Methods Data were collected from active, population-based surveillance for culture-confirmed meningitis and other invasive bacterial disease during 1995 in laboratories serving all the acute care hospitals in 22 counties of four states (total population, more than 10 million). The rates were compared with those for 1986 obtained by similar surveillance. Results On the basis of 248 cases of bacterial meningitis in the surveillance areas, the rates of meningitis (per 100,000) for the major pathogens in 1995 were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1.1; Neisseria meningitidis, 0.6; group B streptococcus, 0.3; Listeria monocytogenes, 0.2; and H. influenzae, 0.2. Group B streptococcus was the predominant pathogen among newborns, N. meningitidis among children 2 to 18 years old, and S. pneumoniae among adults. Pneumococcal meningitis had the highest case fatality rate (21 percent) and in 36 percent of cases was caused by organisms that were not susceptible to penicillin. From these data, we estimate that 5755 cases of bacterial meningitis were caused by these five pathogens in the United States in 1995, as compared with 12,920 cases in 1986, a reduction of 55 percent. The median age of persons with bacterial meningitis increased greatly, from 15 months in 1986 to 25 years in 1995, largely as a result of a 94 percent reduction in the number of cases of ii. influenzae meningitis. Conclusions Because of the vaccine-related decline in meningitis due to H. influenzae type b, bacterial meningitis in the United Slates is now a disease predominantly of adults rather than of infants and young children. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, ATLANTA, GA 30033 USA. EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA USA. CALIF EMERGING INFECT PROGRAM, BERKELEY, CA USA. VANDERBILT UNIV, MED CTR, NASHVILLE, TN USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, RESP DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 743 Z9 759 U1 3 U2 32 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 2 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 14 BP 970 EP 976 DI 10.1056/NEJM199710023371404 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XY423 UT WOS:A1997XY42300004 PM 9395430 ER PT J AU Varmus, H Satcher, D AF Varmus, H Satcher, D TI Ethical complexities of conducting research in developing countries SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP Varmus, H (reprint author), NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 6 TC 206 Z9 211 U1 1 U2 18 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 2 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 14 BP 1003 EP 1005 DI 10.1056/NEJM199710023371411 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XY423 UT WOS:A1997XY42300011 PM 9309109 ER PT J AU Lackritz, EM Hightower, AW Zucker, JR Ruebush, TK Onudi, CO Steketee, RW Were, JBO Patrick, E Campbell, CC AF Lackritz, EM Hightower, AW Zucker, JR Ruebush, TK Onudi, CO Steketee, RW Were, JBO Patrick, E Campbell, CC TI Longitudinal evaluation of severely anemic children in Kenya: the effect of transfusion on mortality and hematologic recovery SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE blood transfusion; anemia; Kenya; Africa; HIV; mortality; child; hospitalized; malaria ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; MWANZA REGION; HIV; KINSHASA; AFRICA; ZAIRE; SEROPOSITIVITY; TANZANIA; SURVIVAL AB Objective: To determine the effect of transfusion on hematologic recovery and mortality among severely anemic children during and after hospitalization in rural Kenya. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: We collected clinical and laboratory information on all severely anemic children (hemoglobin < 5.0 g/dl) and a 33% sample of children with hemoglobin greater than or equal to 5.0 g/dl who were admitted to the pediatric ward of a rural Kenyan hospital during a 6 month study period. Children were followed during hospitalization and at 4 and 8 weeks after admission. Results: Overall, 303 (25%) of the 1223 hospitalized children had hemoglobin < 5.0 g/dl, 30% of whom died during the study period. Severely anemic children who were transfused had a higher mean hemoglobin level at discharge (9.0 g/dl) than non-transfused children (5.8 g/dl, P< 0.001) and maintained a higher mean hemoglobin during the 8-week follow-up period. However, the presence of malaria parasitemia on follow-up negated the benefit of transfusion on hematologic recovery at both 4- and 8-week visits (longitudinal linear model, least square means, P> 0.05). Transfusion was associated with improved survival among children with respiratory distress who received transfusions within the first 2 days of hospitalization. Conclusions: The use of transfusion can be improved by targeting use of blood to severely anemic children with cardiorespiratory compromise, improving immediate availability of blood, and treating severely anemic children with effective antimalarial therapy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1487 EP 1494 DI 10.1097/00002030-199712000-00013 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YA043 UT WOS:A1997YA04300013 PM 9342071 ER PT J AU Ghys, PD Fransen, K Diallo, MO EttiegneTraore, V Coulibaly, IM Yeboue, KM Kalish, ML Maurice, C Whitaker, JP Greenberg, AE Laga, M AF Ghys, PD Fransen, K Diallo, MO EttiegneTraore, V Coulibaly, IM Yeboue, KM Kalish, ML Maurice, C Whitaker, JP Greenberg, AE Laga, M TI The associations between cervicovaginal HIV shedding, sexually transmitted diseases and immunosuppression in female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; cervicovaginal HIV shedding; Africa; CD4; sexually transmitted diseases; viral load ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENITAL SECRETIONS; INFECTED WOMEN; VIRAL LOAD; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; SEMEN; RISK; STAGE AB Objective: To measure the frequency and associated factors of cervicovaginal HIV shedding and to determine the impact of sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment on HIV shedding. Design: Cross-sectional study with 1-week follow-up. Setting: Confidential clinic for female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Participants: A total of 1201 female sex workers. Interventions: STD treatment based on clinical signs. Main outcome measures: HIV serostatus; cervicovaginal HIV shedding at enrolment and at 1-week follow-up; STD status at enrolment and at 1-week follow-up. Results: Cervicovaginal shedding of HIV-1 in HIV-l-seropositive women was more frequent (96 out of 404, 24%) than shedding of HIV-2 in HIV-2-seropositive women [one out of 21, 5%; odds ratio (OR), 6.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-261]. Among 609 HIV-l-seropositive or dually seroreactive women, HIV-1 shedding was significantly more frequent in immunosuppressed women [adjusted OR (AOR), 6.3; 95% CI, 3.4-11.9; and AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6-5.0 for CD4 < 14% and CD4 14-28%, respectively, versus CD4 > 28%], and in women with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (AOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0), those with Chlamydia trachomatis (AOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8), and with a cervical or vaginal ulcer (AOR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.1-7.4). HIV-1 shedding decreased from 42 to 21% (P < 0.005) in women whose STD were cured. Conclusions: These data help to explain the difference in transmissibility between HIV-1 and HIV-2 and the increased infectiousness of HIV in the presence of immunosuppression and STD. In addition, they lend biological plausibility to arguments for making STD control an integral part of HIV prevention strategies in Africa. C1 INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. PROGRAMME NATL LUTTE SIDA MST & TUBERCULOSE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Ghys, PD (reprint author), PROJET RETRO,CI,ABIDJAN 01,COTE IVOIRE. NR 46 TC 184 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1997 VL 11 IS 12 BP F85 EP F93 DI 10.1097/00002030-199712000-00001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YA043 UT WOS:A1997YA04300001 PM 9342059 ER PT J AU Silbersiepe, KA Hardy, AM AF Silbersiepe, KA Hardy, AM TI AIDS knowledge and risk perception of cocaine and crack users in a National Household Survey SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DRUG-USERS; BEHAVIORS; CITY; INFECTION; SYPHILIS AB Awareness of AIDS among cocaine and crack users has never been studied using national data representative of the U.S. household population. Data from the 1991 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed, Respondents who reported cocaine (n = 448) or crack use (n = 100) in the past year were compared with those who reported never using any form of cocaine (n = 17,259). AIDS knowledge, HIV testing, risk behavior, and perceived risk for HN were outcomes studied. Over 96% of the drug users know the term HN compared with 89% of the nonusers. A higher proportion of cocaine users reorganized the effectiveness of condoms compared with nonusers (93% vs. 84%). Over 96% of all groups knew the risk of sharing needles. Cocaine and crack users were more Likely to have been tested for HIV (27% and 28%) compared with nonusers (13%), yet less than one third of those tested actually received HN counseling. High-risk behavior was acknowledged by 22% of cocaine users and 33% of crack users. However, only 10% and 14% respectively considered themselves to be at increased risk for having or getting HIV. These data suggest that cocaine and crack users are knowledgeable regarding HIV/AIDS, however they are underestimating their real risk of infection with HN. RP Silbersiepe, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH INTERVIEW STAT,ROOM 850,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 9 IS 5 BP 460 EP 471 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YF923 UT WOS:A1997YF92300005 PM 9391660 ER PT J AU Kennedy, ER Lin, JJ Reynolds, JM Perkins, JB AF Kennedy, ER Lin, JJ Reynolds, JM Perkins, JB TI A sampling and analytical method for the simultaneous determination of multiple organonitrogen pesticides in air SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pesticides; sampling AB An air sampling and analytical method was developed for organonitrogen pesticides using a combined filter and XAD-2 sorbent sampler and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. The method was evaluated for 14 organonitrogen pesticides by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluation guidelines and procedures. Evaluation experiments addressed limits of detection and quantitation, analytical recovery, sampler capacity, sample stability, and precision and bias over a range of 12 to 240 mu g per sample. Samples were stable when stored for up to 30 days under either ambient or refrigerated conditions. Based on the finding of this work, 10 of the 14 compounds studied (aldicarb, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpropham, diuron, formetanate, methiocarb, oxamyl, propham) can be successfully determined simultaneously using one method with an accuracy of better than +/-25% of the true value with 95% confidence. Two other compounds (carbendazim/benomyl, methomyl) can be measured with the same accuracy over a more limited concentration range. The remaining two compounds (propoxur,thiobencarb) may meet this criterion, but additional samples would need to be included in the data analysis. With the current data, these two compounds can be determined with an accuracy of better than +/-27% of the true value with 95% confidence. C1 DATACHEM LABS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84123. RP Kennedy, ER (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HHS,US PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 720 EP 725 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0720:ASAAMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YA957 UT WOS:A1997YA95700004 PM 9342832 ER PT J AU Ernst, ND Sempos, CT Briefel, RR Clark, MB AF Ernst, ND Sempos, CT Briefel, RR Clark, MB TI Consistency between US dietary fat intake and serum total cholesterol concentrations: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fats and Oil Consumption in Health and Disease - Current Concepts and Controversies CY APR 24-25, 1995 CL ROCKEFELLER UNIV, NEW YORK, NY SP New York Hosp, Cornell Univ Med Coll, Rockefeller Univ, Harvard Med Sch, New York Acad Med, Reg Nutr Ctr, Strang Canc Prevent Ctr HO ROCKEFELLER UNIV DE dietary fat; serum cholesterol; national nutrition surveys; NHANES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; EDUCATION-PROGRAM AB The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) are conducted periodically to assess the health and nutritional status of the US population by means of standardized interviews and physical examinations. Since the early 1970s there have been three national cross-sectional surveys: NHANES I, 1971-1974; NHANES II, 1976-1980; and NHANES LII, phase I, 1988-1991. During the 18 y between the midpoint of NHANES I (1972) and the midpoint of phase 1 of NHANES III (1990), the age-adjusted mean percentage of energy from fat declined from 36.4% to 34.1% for adults aged 20-74 y. Trend data are shown for dietary fat and cholesterol as well as for serum cholesterol from NHANES I (1971-1975) to NHANES III (1988-1991) by age, sex, and race-ethnicity. The results document a decline in dietary fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and serum cholesterol. The observed changes reflect those that are predicted by the classic Keys and Hegsted formulas. Changes in reported intake ate matched by similar shifts in the food supply for sources of these nutrients. These changes suggest that the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing the mean serum cholesterol concentration of US adults to less than or equal to 200 mg/dL (5.17 mmol/L) is attainable. The changes in diet are promising, yet we are challenged to achieve greater reductions in the intake of total fat and saturated fatty acids. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. RP Ernst, ND (reprint author), NHLBI, ROCKLEDGE CTR 2,NIH,6701 ROCKLEDGE DR, ROCKLEDGE BLDG, ROOM 8112, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 66 SU 4 BP 965 EP 972 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XY890 UT WOS:A1997XY89000004 ER PT J AU Freeman, SB Yang, Q Khoury, M Sherman, SL AF Freeman, SB Yang, Q Khoury, M Sherman, SL TI A significant association between maternal smoking and trisomy 21 is restricted to maternal meiosis II nondisjunction. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 269 BP A51 EP A51 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000269 ER PT J AU Gardiner, GB Khoury, M Williams, RR Johnson, CL Carroll, MD AF Gardiner, GB Khoury, M Williams, RR Johnson, CL Carroll, MD TI Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) diagnostic criteria: Application to the 1988-94 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) III data. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 2255 BP A385 EP A385 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446002257 ER PT J AU Ing, PS Van Dyke, DL Caudill, SP Reidy, JA Chen, ATL AF Ing, PS Van Dyke, DL Caudill, SP Reidy, JA Chen, ATL CA ACMG CYTO2000 subcommittee TI The CYTO2000 collaborative study of amniotic fluid cell mosaicism: a paradigm for investigating the science and practice of cytogenetics. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boys Town Natl Res Hosp, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 268 BP A51 EP A51 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000271 ER PT J AU McGovern, MM Keenlyside, R Benach, M Desnick, RJ AF McGovern, MM Keenlyside, R Benach, M Desnick, RJ TI Quality assurance practices in molecular genetic testing laboratories in the United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 306 BP A57 EP A57 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000308 ER PT J AU Moore, CA Li, S Li, Z Hong, S Gu, H Berry, RJ Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Moore, CA Li, S Li, Z Hong, S Gu, H Berry, RJ Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Descriptive epidemiology of polydactyly among Chinese infants. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BDGDB, DBDDD, Atlanta, GA USA. Beijing Med Univ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1192 BP A206 EP A206 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001195 ER PT J AU O'Leary, LA Khoury, MJ FitzSimmons, SC AF O'Leary, LA Khoury, MJ FitzSimmons, SC TI Impact of growth parameters in the first year of life on long term pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis: implications for early intervention? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cyst Fibrosis Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 610 BP A109 EP A109 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446000612 ER PT J AU Roberts, HE Buxbaum, L Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Roberts, HE Buxbaum, L Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Prenatal causes of mental retardation: a population study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1314 BP A227 EP A227 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001316 ER PT J AU Yang, QH McDonnell, S Khoury, MJ Cono, J Parrish, RG AF Yang, QH McDonnell, S Khoury, MJ Cono, J Parrish, RG TI Hemochromatosis associated mortality in the United States, 1979-1992: An analysis of multiple cause mortality data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Gen Pediat, Egleston Childrens Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 61 IS 4 SU S MA 1249 BP A216 EP A216 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YQ995 UT WOS:000071446001251 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Mueller, CA ONeill, VL Fajen, JM Briggle, T Fleming, LE AF Calvert, GM Mueller, CA ONeill, VL Fajen, JM Briggle, T Fleming, LE TI Agreement between company-recorded and self-reported estimates of duration and frequency of occupational fumigant exposure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiologic methods; data agreement; occupational exposure estimation; fumigation; pesticides, occupational health ID VALIDITY AB Investigators must often rely on self-reported work history information collected with questionnaires. However, little is known about the agreement between self-reported estimates of exposure and records kept by companies. As part of a cross-sectional medical study of structural fumigation workers, self-reported work history information was collected on-both duration and frequency of exposure using art interviewer-administered questionnaire. All company records available on these workers were also collected. Only 15 of 81 structural fumigation companies identified by study participants as current or past structural fumigation employers had records suitable for comparison. These 15 companies employed 32 of the workers who participated in the cross-sectional medical study. The exposure information provided by the 32 workers was compared to information obtained from company records. By examining the agreement between these two data sources, potential limitations were identified in both the self-reported and company-recorded exposure data. By recognizing these limitations in the exposure data, we identified the most appropriate exposure measures to be used in subsequent data analyses. This exercise also demonstrated the difficulties in undertaking these exposure comparisons in an industry consisting of many small, independent companies. Similar difficulties with assessing exposures may be experienced by investigators studying other service industries consisting of many small, independent companies (e.g., dry cleaning auto repair). (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 32 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XP455 UT WOS:A1997XP45500007 PM 9258390 ER PT J AU Arduino, MJ Bland, LA Danzig, LE McAllister, SK Aguero, SM AF Arduino, MJ Bland, LA Danzig, LE McAllister, SK Aguero, SM TI Microbiologic evaluation of needleless and needle-access devices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS SYSTEM AB Objective: This study was carried out to determine whether needleless intravenous access devices are more likely to allow microorganisms to enter the fluid pathway than intravenous needle-access devices. Methods: A laboratory study was conducted with two needleless and one intravenous needle-access devices and Enterococcus faecium as a bacterial challenge. Inocula of E. faecium were prepared on the basis of the numerical estimates of 1000 to 10,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm(2) of bacterial flora a on dry regions of skin (anus, legs, and hands). The septum of each access device was inoculated with 10 to 20 mu l of a 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/ml challenge suspension, which was allowed to dry on the surface of the septum. In the first part of the experiment, the needleless or needle-access cannula of each device was used to puncture the corresponding septum without previously disinfecting the top of the septum. In the second part, the contaminated septum was punctured after disinfecting the septum with a 70% isopropyl alcohol wipe. After each puncture, trypticase soy broth was flushed through the fluid pathway of the intravenous access device, collected, and cultured by the membrane filtration technique. The septum of each injection-site cap and the needleless or needle-access cannula were sampled with sterile premoistened swabs. Swabs were cultured on blood agar plates. Results: The rate of fluid pathway contamination was 100% (40/40) for one of the needleless intravenous access devices and 80% (20/25) for the other when septa were contaminated with E. faecium and not disinfected before puncture. The rate for the intravenous needle-access device was 72% (18/25). When the septa of the thr ee different devices tested were disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol, E. faecium was isolated on only one septum from all devices tested in part two (1/74, 1.3%). Conclusions: These laboratory studies demonstrate that there is no statistically significant difference in the rate of fluid pathway contamination between needleless and intravenous needle-access devices. However, if the septa of either needleless or needle systems are not disinfected before puncture, a high rate of fluid pathway contamination may occur. RP Arduino, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP C01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 377 EP 380 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90081-X PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YA857 UT WOS:A1997YA85700004 PM 9343619 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Paul, SM Crane, GL Cetron, MS Finelli, L Jarvis, WR AF Tokars, JI Paul, SM Crane, GL Cetron, MS Finelli, L Jarvis, WR TI Secular trends in bloodstream infection caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in New Jersey hospitals, 1991 to 1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; ENTEROCOCCI; VANCOMYCIN; EMERGENCE; IMIPENEM AB Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria is an increasing public health problem. In 1991, New Jersey was the first state to establish statewide, hospital-based surveillance For antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Methods: Each month, all 96 nonfederal New Jersey hospital laboratories complete a form listing the species identity and drug susceptibility results for selected antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from blood cultures from hospital inpatients. Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative rods were studied from 1991 to 1995. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and imipenem-resistant gram-negative rods were studied from 1992 through 1995. Results: From 1992 to 1995, the vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infection prevalence rate increased from 11 to 29 per 100,000 hospital admissions (p < 0.001); the rate was higher at larger hospitals, urban and inner-city hospitals, and teaching hospitals. From 1991 to 1995, the penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae bloodstream infection rate increased from 1.1 to 9.9 per 100,000 admissions (p < 0.001). In contrast, bloodstream infection rates did not change significantly for imipenem-resistant (12.5 during 1992 and 14.1 during 1995, p = 0.4) or aminoglycoside-resistant (8.0 during 1991 and 6.8 during 1995, p = 0.4) gram-negative rods. Conclusion: We found that vancomycin-resistant enterococci and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, but neither of two groups of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative rods, are increasing rapidly in prevalence in New Jersey. Continued monitoring and interventions to slow these increases are needed. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90085-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YA857 UT WOS:A1997YA85700008 PM 9343623 ER PT J AU Ihrig, M Cookson, ST Campbell, K Hartstein, AI Jarvis, WR AF Ihrig, M Cookson, ST Campbell, K Hartstein, AI Jarvis, WR TI Evaluation of the acceptability of a needleless vascular-access system by nurses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS SYSTEM; HEPARIN LOCKS; INJURIES; DEVICES; BLOOD AB Background: Needleless intravenous-access devices have been introduced in an effort to reduce needlestick injuries and possible transmission of blood-borne pathogens to health care workers. However, there are no data on the acceptance of these devices by nursing personnel. Methods: A survey of nursing personnel was taken at Indiana University Medical Center after introduction of a needleless intravenous device to determine their opinion after use of the needleless device. Results: The majority of the nurses (12 of 94, 70%) had a favorable overall opinion of the device. Among: those with a favorable opinion, 76% (55/72) responded-that reduced risk of needlestick injury was the most important reason. Among those who had a negative opinion about the needleless-device system, 32% (7/22) reported that contamination risk was their major concern. Those who were trained before device use were more likely to properly use and maintain the needleless intravenous-access system. Of 89 respondents, 75.3% (67/89) believed that the initial training was adequate; however, 43% (29/67) thought that additional training after using the device for some time would have been beneficial. Conclusions: Comprehensive education programs that include training before and after device use are necessary if new needleless intravenous-access systems are to be successfully introduced and accepted by nursing personnel. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90095-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YA857 UT WOS:A1997YA85700019 PM 9343631 ER PT J AU Kaufman, RH Adam, E Icenogle, J Reeves, WC AF Kaufman, RH Adam, E Icenogle, J Reeves, WC TI Human papillomavirus testing as triage for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: Sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus (HPV); atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ID CERVICAL-CANCER; INFECTION; NEOPLASIA; MANAGEMENT; RISK; COLPOSCOPY; WOMEN; HPV AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the use of a Food and Drug Administration-approved human papillomavirus test in triaging patients with Papanicolaou smears showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion for colposcopy compared with an algorithm that used cytologic follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred sixty-two women referred to our Colposcopy Clinic with a Papanicolaou smear report of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion underwent repeat Papanicolaou smear, cervical colposcopy, directed cervical biopsy, and endocervical curettage. In addition, human papillomavirus testing by the Food and Drug Administration-approved HPV Profile (Digene Diagnostics, Silver Spring, Md.) test was done. A comparision of sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness of an algorithm determining the need for colposcopy on the basis of repeat cytologic testing versus an algorithm that incorporated repeat cytologic testing and human papillomavirus screening was done. The cost-effectiveness of both of these triage algorithms was also compared. RESULTS: As expected, high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid was detected with greater frequency in relation to increasing severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. in 268 women, the follow-up smear obtained in our clinic was reported as negative. High-risk human papillomavirus types were found in 23.5% of these women. In the human papillomavirus-negative women, 5.9% had grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia confirmed on cervical biopsy. in comparison, 20.6% of those with a positive result of the human papillomavirus test had grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on biopsy (p < 0.001). Despite this difference, the sensitivity of a positive result of a high-risk human papillomavirus test in predicting the presence of grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was only 52%. Among the women for whom a follow-up clinic Papanicolaou smear was reported as showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, there was no difference in the frequency of biopsy-proved grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia between those women with a positive human papillomavirus test result and those with a negative test result. Colposcopy would have been recommended for 194 women because of a repeat clinic smear revealing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, or a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and in 21.6% of these women grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was shown on biopsy (sensitivity 63%, specificity 62%). Colposcopy would have been recommended for 180 women because high-risk human papillomavirus or a high-grade squamous intraepthelial lesion was detected at the clinic visit, and in 25% of this group grade 2 or 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was evident on biopsy (sensitivity 67%, specificity 66%). Sensitivity and specificity were virtually identical for the two algorithms, but the cost of human papillomavirus testing was nearly double that of triage based on repeat cytologic testing alone ($692 vs $1246 per case). CONCLUSION: The Food and Drug Administration-approved HPV Profile test is not a cost-effective triage for patients referred with Papanicolaou smears reported as showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous lesions. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 177 IS 4 BP 930 EP 936 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70296-5 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA YF245 UT WOS:A1997YF24500038 PM 9369847 ER PT J AU Arday, DR Tomar, SL Nelson, DE Merritt, RK Schooley, MW Mowery, P AF Arday, DR Tomar, SL Nelson, DE Merritt, RK Schooley, MW Mowery, P TI State smoking prevalence estimates: A comparison of the behavioral risk factor surveillance system and current population surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Conference CY JUN, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA AB Objectives. This study examined whether there are systematic differences between the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) for state cigarette smoking prevalence estimates. Methods. BRFSS telephone survey estimates were compared with estimates from the US Census CPS tobacco-use supplements (the CPS sample frame includes persons:in households without telephones). Weighted overall and sex-and race-specific BRFSS and CPS state estimates of adult smoking were analyzed for 1985, 1989, and 1992/1993. Results. Overall estimates of smoking prevalence from the BRFSS were slightly lower:than estimates from CPS (median difference: -2.0 percentage points in 1985, -0.7 in 1989, and -1.9 in 1992/1993; P<.05 for all comparisons), but there was variation among states. Differences between BRFSS and CPS estimates were larger among men than among women and larger among Blacks than among Hispanics or Whites; for most states, these differences were not significant. Conclusions. The BRFSS generally provides state estimates of smoking prevalence similar to those obtained from CPS, and these are appropriate for ongoing state surveillance of smoking prevalence. C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADULT & COMMUN HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BATTELLE MEM INST,ATLANTA,GA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1997 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1665 EP 1669 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.10.1665 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD671 UT WOS:A1997YD67100017 PM 9357350 ER PT J AU Todd, GD Buma, APCCH Green, MD Jaspers, CAJJ Lobel, HO AF Todd, GD Buma, APCCH Green, MD Jaspers, CAJJ Lobel, HO TI Comparison of whole blood and serum levels of mefloquine and its carboxylic acid metabolite SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TERM MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; TOLERABILITY; EXTRACTION; LARIAM(R); KINETICS AB Because of the widespread presence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, mefloquine is now the recommended drug of choice for long-term malaria prophylaxis in these areas. Although several studies have compared plasma and whole blood concentrations of either mefloquine or its carboxylic acid metabolite, we report the first comparison of serum and whole blood levels in 86 Dutch marines taking 250 mg of mefloquine weekly for 18 weeks while deployed in western Cambodia. All samples were taken during steady-state and at 42-48 hr after the most recent dose. The concentration of mefloquine in serum (mean = 979 ng/ml) was significantly greater than in whole blood (mean = 788 ng/ml) (P < 0.00001, by paired t-test) with an overall mean ratio of 1.28. The concentration of the metabolite in serum (mean = 3,039 ng/ml) was also significantly greater than in whole blood (mean = 1,390 ng/ml) (P < 0.00001, by paired t-test) with an overall mean ratio of 2.25. These findings are similar to previous reports of plasma-to-whole blood levels. Furthermore, we report that the within-individual ratios of the metabolite concentration to the mefloquine concentration were also found to be significantly different in serum (3.79; P < 0.00001, by paired t-test) and in whole blood (2.02; P < 0.00001, by paired t-test). Appropriate attention must be given to these differences when comparing serum and whole blood concentrations of either mefloquine or its metabolite to avoid misinterpretation of their respective levels. Also, the determination of the relative mefloquine ratios in various blood fluids, as well as the documentation of the metabolite levels and their ratios, is critical to the appropriate interpretation of both chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy, especially in the presence of resistant strains. C1 ROYAL NETHERLANDS NAVY,MED SERV,HILVERSUM,UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP Todd, GD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP E-29,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YC073 UT WOS:A1997YC07300003 PM 9347952 ER PT J AU Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Mills, JN Groves, MG Wozniak, A McAdams, S Monroe, MC Johnson, AM Martin, ML Peters, CJ Rollin, PE AF Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Mills, JN Groves, MG Wozniak, A McAdams, S Monroe, MC Johnson, AM Martin, ML Peters, CJ Rollin, PE TI Isolation, genetic diversity, and geographic distribution of Bayou virus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CREEK-CANAL-VIRUS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; LOUISIANA; ILLNESS AB Bayou hantavirus, previously implicated in human hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Louisiana, was isolated from a rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) captured in Georgia. The presence of antibody among rice rats captured throughout the southeastern United States and the extent of diversity among the genetic variants of Bayou viruses suggest that the rice rat is the most likely natural reservoir of the virus and that both virus and host have probably co-evolved for some years. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,BUR LABS,COLUMBIA,SC 29202. OFF PUBL HLTH,MONROE,LA 71211. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 445 EP 448 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YC073 UT WOS:A1997YC07300012 PM 9347961 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Hightower, AW Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ AF Eberhard, ML Hightower, AW Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ TI Clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti antigen after treatment with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DOSE IVERMECTIN; ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY; FILARIASIS; MICROFILAREMIA; THERAPY; POPULATION; INFECTION AB The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between microfilarial clearance and clearance of circulating filarial antigen from the blood of Wuchereria bancrofti-infected persons following chemotherapy with either diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. Patients received either 12 weekly doses of 6 mg/kg of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), a single dose of 6 mg/kg of DEC, a single dose of 420 mu g/kg of ivermectin, or 20 mu g/kg of ivermectin, followed by 6 mg/kg of DEC five days later. Microfilarial clearance was marked in all groups, but was significantly less in the single-dose DEC. In contrast, as monitored by the Og4C3 monoclonal antibody assay, clearance of circulating filarial antigen was highly variable, not only between groups but within each group. As a result, there were few statistically significant differences in antigen clearance between groups. In no instance did the antigen level fall to zero, even in individuals that remained microfilaria negative during two or three years of follow-up. These results suggest that living adult worms persist in almost all persons treated with DEC and/or ivermectin. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YC073 UT WOS:A1997YC07300019 PM 9347968 ER PT J AU Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ AF Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ TI Safety and efficacy of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; EGYPT AB Objective-To examine safety and efficacy of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccine (RVFMP-12) in cattle. Animals-38 pregnant cows, 14 steers, and 10 lactating dairy cows. Procedure-Pregnant cows in their third, fifth, or eighth month of gestation were vaccinated (1 ml of RVF MP-12 containing 5 log(10) plaque-forming units [PFU] of virus) and were monitored daily through parturition for signs of disease, viremia, and immunologic response. Additionally, 10 vaccinated pregnant cows were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV at postvaccination day (PVD) 30 and were monitored daily for untoward effects. Ten unvaccinated pregnant cows also were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV and served as challenge controls. Vaccinated lactating dairy cows were monitored for viremia and virus shedding in the milk through PVD 14. Yearling steers were vaccinated to assess their immunologic response to various doses of vaccine and were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV at PVD 28 to assess protection. Results-10 of 38 (26.3%) cows vaccinated during pregnancy developed transient postvaccination viremia titer greater than or equal to 2.5 log(10) PFU/ml of serum. All vaccinated cows delivered live, healthy calves that were RVFV seronegative al birth, but which quickly acquired colostral antibodies. Vaccinated cows and their fetuses were protected when challenge exposed with virulent RVFV at PVD 30, whereas unvaccinated pregnant cows inoculated with RVFV became febrile and viremic, and aborted. Vaccine virus was unsuccessfully sought from milk of lactating dairy cows after vaccination, suggesting that shedding of vaccine virus through milk should not be a concern. Steers, inoculated with tenfold escalating vaccine doses, beginning with 1.0 log(10) PFU, were protected against virulent RVFV challenge exposure. Conclusions-RVF MP-12 may be safe and efficacious for use in pregnant or lactating bovids, and a minimal dose of vaccine may provide suitable protection against viremia. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,APPL RES DIV,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA,APHIS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1104 EP 1109 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ097 UT WOS:A1997XZ09700024 PM 9328662 ER PT J AU Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ AF Morrill, JC Mebus, CA Peters, CJ TI Safety of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in fetal and neonatal bovids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALVES AB Objective-To examine effects of in utero inoculation with a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) vaccine (RVF MP-12) on fetal bovids and to assess the safety and efficacy of calfhood vaccination with RVF MP-12. Animals-18 pregnant Hereford and Hereford-type cows in the third or fifth month of gestation, their progeny, and 25 carves from cows immunized with RVF MP-12 during pregnancy. Procedure-Bovine fetuses were inoculated, via laparotomy, with 1 ml of RVF MP-12 containing 5 log(10) plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus. Blood was obtained from newborn calves prior to their ingestion of colostrum. Immune-naive calves and calves born to RVF MP-12-vaccinated dams, ranging in age from 2 to 45 days, were vaccinated with RVF MP-12, and some were later challenge exposed with 1 mi of 5.7 log(10) PFU of virulent RVFV strain ZH-501. Cows were monitored for viremia and antibody responses and for hematologic and serum biochemical alterations through parturition or abortion. Results-Surviving in utero-vaccinated calves were healthy, with no noticeable defects. Except for 1 vaccine-inoculated fetus that died an postinoculation day 21, all in utero-vaccinated fetuses had serum neutralizing antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:20 at the time of delivery. All darns of in utero-vaccinated fetuses also developed neutralizing antibody titer. Calves born to cows vaccinated during gestation did not have antibody at birth, and all but 1 quickly acquired colostral antibody. Postparturient inoculation of immune-naive calves and carves with colostral antibodies resulted in no untoward effects, and all calves with detectable neutralizing antibodies were protected against virulent virus challenge exposure. Conclusions-Fetal death and abortion would be rare even if fetuses were exposed to RVF MP-12. The trauma and complications associated with in utero inoculation do not make this a practical method of immunization. RVF MP-12 was safe, immunogenic, and protective in calves as young as 2 days of age. C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,APPL RES DIV,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA,APHIS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1110 EP 1114 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XZ097 UT WOS:A1997XZ09700025 PM 9328663 ER PT J AU Padian, N AF Padian, N TI Transmission of HIV possibly associated with exposure of mucous membrane to contaminated blood (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 620, 1997) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1; SALIVA C1 CDC,HIV LAB INVEST BR,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,EPIDEMIOL BR,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Padian, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 133 IS 10 BP 1321 EP 1322 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA YA431 UT WOS:A1997YA43100030 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Howanitz, PJ AF Steindel, SJ Howanitz, PJ TI Changes in Emergency Department turnaround time performance from 1990 to 1993 - A comparison of two College of American Pathologists Q-Probes studies SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY TESTS; STAT; INSTITUTIONS; TIMELINESS; QUALITY AB Objective.-To compare the results of a 1990 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Emergency Department (ED) turnaround time (TAT) study with a similar study done in 1993 and to identify factors associated with TAT improvement. Design.-Participants gathered data over a 4-week period on the various times of day associated with the ordering, specimen-collection, laboratory-receipt, and result-reporting stages of stat tests for potassium and hemoglobin levels, using a mail-in questionnaire that also included practice parameter questions. Participants.-Laboratories enrolled in the 1990 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study on ED TAT and laboratories enrolled in the 1993 program ED TAT study. Main Outcome Measures.-Components associated with shorter ED TAT and, for those participating in both the 1990 and 1993 studies, comparison with previous results. Results.-Six hundred fifteen hospital laboratories returned data on up to 43 521 hemoglobin and 41 989 potassium specimens. Half of these laboratories collected and reported 90% of their ED potassium results in 53 minutes or less, compared to 61 minutes or less in 1990, and reduced the corresponding median collection-to-reporting TAT for 90% of hemoglobin results from 46 minutes or less to 39 minutes or less. The fastest 10% of laboratories showed interlaboratory median order-to-report TATs of 36 and 50 minutes for potassium and hemoglobin tests, respectively. Comparisons of TATs from 277 laboratories with 1990 and 1993 data were possible. Components found to contribute statistically to improvement of ED TAT between 1990 and 1993 were laboratory control of specimen handling, rapid transport time, and monitoring. Active monitoring was particularly important when the laboratory did not control the specimen-handling process. Conclusions.-Laboratories improved their control of ED TAT from 1990 to 1993 and reduced the number of TAT events exceeding 70 minutes. Internally set TAT goals, however, were not met most of the time. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,CLIN LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 121 IS 10 BP 1031 EP 1041 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA YB125 UT WOS:A1997YB12500003 PM 9341581 ER PT J AU Mills, JN Bowen, MD Nichol, ST AF Mills, JN Bowen, MD Nichol, ST TI African arenaviruses - Coevolution between virus and murid host? SO BELGIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Rodent Biology and Integrated Pest Management in Africa CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL MOROGORO, TANZANIA DE Arenavirus; Arenaviridae; hemorrhagic fever; Lassa fever; coevolution; Mastomys ID LASSA-FEVER; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; MASTOMYS-NATALENSIS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RODENT RESERVOIR; OLIVEROS VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HANTAVIRUS AB The Arenaviridae is a family of enveloped, negative-stranded RNA viruses which cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans in areas of Africa and South America. Each arenavirus is generally associated with a single small-mammal host species in which it establishes a chronic infection involving shedding of virus in secretions and excretions. Infection in humans occurs via inhalation of aerosolized virus or ingestion or direct contact with food or fomites contaminated with infectious animal wastes. Genetic analysis shows that known arenaviruses fall into a New-World and an Old-World complex. New-World arenaviruses are associated with species of the rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae and Old-World viruses with the subfamily Murinae. This pattern suggests that an ancestral arenavirus was associated with an ancestral murid rodent before the two subfamilies diverged > 20 million years ago, and that distinct arenaviruses may have coevolved with murid species since that time. If this hypothesis is true, the phylogeny of the arenaviruses should mirror the phylogeny of their rodent hosts. Although the prediction of coincidence of host and virus phylogenies is supported for another group of viruses with murid hosts (the hantaviruses), a comparison of arenavirus and host phylogenies reveals several important inconsistencies. These irregularities may reflect cross-taxon transfer of viruses as well as the relatively incomplete knowledge of the systematics of African and South American murids. Doubtless, many more arenavirus/host associations remain to be discovered within Africa. Continued studies of the relationships among African murids and collaboration between mammalogists and virologists are important to the development of both disciplines. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL BELGIAN ZOOLOGICAL SOC PI BRUSSELS PA C/O PROF DR ISA SCHON, ROYAL BELGIAN INST NATURAL SCIENCES, DEPT FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, B-1000 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SN 0777-6276 J9 BELG J ZOOL JI Belg. J. Zool. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 1 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA YF238 UT WOS:A1997YF23800003 ER PT J AU Hooper, PT Lunt, RA Gould, AR Samaratunga, H Hyatt, AD Gleeson, LJ Rodwell, BJ Rupprecht, CE Smith, JS Murray, PK AF Hooper, PT Lunt, RA Gould, AR Samaratunga, H Hyatt, AD Gleeson, LJ Rodwell, BJ Rupprecht, CE Smith, JS Murray, PK TI A new lyssavirus - the first endemic rabies-related virus recognized in Australia SO BULLETIN DE L INSTITUT PASTEUR LA English DT Review DE lyssavirus; emerging infectious diseases; ABL; rabies; animal; bat; human; Australia; review ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIBODIES; BATS AB A previously undiscovered lyssavirus has been identified in fruit bats in Australia. Although close to classical rabies virus, antigenically and genetically, the Australian bat lyssavirus represents a new genotype. It causes central nervous system pathology in bats and has caused the death of one woman. C1 CSIRO, Div Anim Hlth, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Royal Brisbane Hosp, Dept Pathol, Herston, Qld 4069, Australia. Queensland Dept Primary Ind, Anim Res Inst, Yeerongpilly, Qld 4105, Australia. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murray, PK (reprint author), CSIRO, Div Anim Hlth, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, 5 Portarlington Rd, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RI Samaratunga, Hemamali/D-1559-2013; Lunt, Ross/I-4941-2013 OI Samaratunga, Hemamali/0000-0001-5796-1791; Lunt, Ross/0000-0002-9630-8493 NR 30 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 12 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0020-2452 J9 B I PASTEUR JI Bull. Inst. Pasteur PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 95 IS 4 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83529-5 PG 10 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Virology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Virology GA ZK012 UT WOS:000073276100003 ER PT J AU Gershon, AA Gardner, P Peter, G Nichols, K Orenstein, W AF Gershon, AA Gardner, P Peter, G Nichols, K Orenstein, W TI Quality standards for immunization SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; VACCINATION; EFFICACY AB This is the third in a series of guidelines commissioned by the Infectious Diseases Society of America through its Practice Guidelines Committee, It is presented as a standard of care rather than a practice guideline because the case for following these recommendations is very strong and it should be followed with rare exceptions. The purpose of this guideline is to provide assistance to clinicians when making decisions on providing immunizations to healthy infants, children, and adults. The document is a summary of guidelines already developed by national organizations. The targeted providers are pediatricians, family practitioners, internists, and other physicians who provide immunizations, The IDSA provided the funding, Panel members represent experts in adult and pediatric infectious diseases. The guidelines are evidence-based. A standard ranking system is used for the strength of the recommendations and the quality of the evidence cited in the literature reviewed, The document has been subjected to external review by peer reviewers as well as by the Practice Guidelines Committee and was approved by the IDSA Council, An executive summary and tables highlight the major recommendations. Indicators For measuring compliance with the standards are included, The guideline will be listed on the IDSA home page at http://www.idsociety.org. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MED,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. BROWN UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Gershon, AA (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PEDIAT,650 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 782 EP 786 DI 10.1086/515544 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD935 UT WOS:A1997YD93500003 PM 9356789 ER PT J AU Montecalvo, MA Shay, DK Gedris, C Petrullo, C Uman, J Rodney, K Jarvis, WR Wormser, GP AF Montecalvo, MA Shay, DK Gedris, C Petrullo, C Uman, J Rodney, K Jarvis, WR Wormser, GP TI A semiquantitative analysis of the fecal flora of patients with vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Colonized patients pose an infection control risk SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,VALHALLA,NY 10595. NEW YORK MED COLL,GRAD SCH HLTH SCI,VALHALLA,NY 10595. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Montecalvo, MA (reprint author), NEW YORK MED COLL,DIV INFECT DIS,DEPT MED,MACY PAVIL 209 SE,VALHALLA,NY 10595, USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU PHS HHS [200-94-0860] NR 5 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 929 EP 930 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD935 UT WOS:A1997YD93500034 PM 9356817 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Ray, S Kozarsky, PE Brown, JM AF McNeil, MM Ray, S Kozarsky, PE Brown, JM TI Nocardia farcinica pneumonia in a previously healthy woman: Species characterization with use of a digoxigenin-labeled cDNA probe SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ASTEROIDES COMPLEX; INFECTIONS C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Ray, Stuart/0000-0002-1051-7260 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 933 EP 934 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YD935 UT WOS:A1997YD93500037 PM 9356820 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J AF Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J TI Preface to the 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; 2 CONTROLLED TRIALS; CD4 CELL COUNTS; HIV-INFECTION; RIFABUTIN PROPHYLAXIS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; DNA-SEQUENCES; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS C1 NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. E BAY AIDS CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. BETH ISRAEL HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, MT ZION MED CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG, HARLEM HOSP CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. BOSTON MED CTR, BOSTON, MA USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20422 USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NATL FDN INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE, SPRINGFIELD, VA USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH, NORFOLK, VA 23501 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, SCH MED, CHICAGO, IL USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYGIENE, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, COLL PHYS & SURG, NEW YORK, NY USA. RP Masur, H (reprint author), CDC, NATL AIDS CLEARINGHOUSE, POB 6003, ROCKVILLE, MD 20849 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 SU 3 BP S299 EP + PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YF067 UT WOS:A1997YF06700001 ER PT J AU Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Armstrong, D Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J AF Masur, H Kaplan, JE Holmes, KK Armstrong, D Baker, AC Barr, D Benson, C Brosgart, C Chaisson, R Cooper, E Crumpacker, C Decker, C Drew, L Eisinger, R ElSadr, W Freedberg, K Goldberger, M Gordin, F Greaves, W Gross, P Hafner, R Havlir, D Horsburgh, R Jabs, D Kitahata, M Kovacs, J Martone, W Mayers, D Melnick, D Mofenson, L Neaton, J Nelson, C Oldfield, E Phair, J Polis, M Polsky, B Powderly, W Rimland, D Sloand, E Solomon, L Spector, S Sperling, R Trapnell, CB VanDyke, R Whitley, R Wright, T Belay, E Butler, JC Castro, KG Dykewicz, C Edlin, BR Ellerbrock, T Hajjeh, RA Jaffe, HW Juranek, D McNeil, M Miller, B Pellett, PE Reeves, W Schluter, WW Spiegel, RA Stewart, JA Styrt, B Vernon, SD Ward, J TI 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Disease-specific recommendations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 CDC, NATL AIDS CLEARINGHOUSE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20849 USA. NATL INST HLTH, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. E BAY AIDS CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. BETH ISRAEL HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, MT ZION MED CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG, HARLEM HOSP CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. BOSTON MED CTR, BOSTON, MA USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20422 USA. HOWARD UNIV HOSP, WASHINGTON, DC USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NATL FDN INFECT DIS, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE, SPRINGFIELD, VA USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. W VIRGINIA SCH MED, NORFOLK, VA USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, ATLANTA, GA 30033 USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, COLL PHYS & SURG, NEW YORK, NY USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 25 SU 3 BP S313 EP S335 PG 23 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YF067 UT WOS:A1997YF06700002 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Lopardo, H Marin, M Arduino, R Rial, MJ Altschuler, M Galanternik, L Swenson, JM Tokars, JI Jarvis, WR AF Cookson, ST Lopardo, H Marin, M Arduino, R Rial, MJ Altschuler, M Galanternik, L Swenson, JM Tokars, JI Jarvis, WR TI Study to determine the ability of clinical laboratories to detect antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. in Buenos Aires, Argentina SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE AB Few reports of vancomycin-resistant enterococci have appeared outside the USA. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of five laboratories in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to perform susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method. Laboratories had difficulty identifying the low- and intermediate-level vancomycin-resistant phenotypes. This suggests that the disk diffusion method used by laboratories abroad may fail to detect some vancomycin-resistant enterococci. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 PUBL HLTH SERV,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOSP PEDIAT JUAN P GARRAHAN,DEPT MICROBIOL,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. CTR ESTUDIOS INFECTOL,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. HOSP PEDRO ELIZALDE,DEPT MICROBIOL,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. HOSP SOR MARIA LUDOVICA,DEPT MICROBIOL,LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. HOSP NINOS DR RICARDO GUTIERREZ,DEPT MICROBIOL,BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(97)00099-0 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA YF934 UT WOS:A1997YF93400008 PM 9368087 ER PT J AU Anderson, B Scotchlas, D Jones, D Johnson, A Tzianabos, T Baumstark, B AF Anderson, B Scotchlas, D Jones, D Johnson, A Tzianabos, T Baumstark, B TI Analysis of a 36-kilodalton protein (PapA) associated with the bacteriophage particle of Bartonella henselae SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; GENETIC ELEMENT; COMB-NOV; DNA; CHROMOSOME; PROPOSALS AB A library of Bartonella henselae DNA was screened with antibody raised to the bacteriophage particle associated with this organism. A clone was isolated that expresses a 36-kD protein (termed PapA for particle-associated protein) when examined by immunoblot analysis using antibody raised to the particle. Southern blot hybridization indicates that the gene is present on the bacterial chromosome and packaged into the 14-kb particle-associated DNA. A papA-specific probe hybridized to multiple bands of B. henselae genomic DNA digested with several different restriction endonucleases. Thus, the gene is present in multiple copies on the genome or in different arrangements within a given population of B. henselae cells. The gene coding for PapA has been sequenced and codes for a 326-amino-acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 36,161 daltons. The deduced protein shows 33.3% identity over a 108-amino-acid sequence with the P-min gene product of Escherichia coli. P-min is partially located within the invertible P region of the excisable element e14, found on the E. coli chromosome. Taken together, these results suggest that papA is present on a mobile genetic element of the B. henselae genome and is also packaged into the bacteriophage particle. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MDC10,12901 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1223 EP 1229 DI 10.1089/dna.1997.16.1223 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YE464 UT WOS:A1997YE46400010 PM 9364933 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, RV TI Emerging foodborne diseases: An evolving public health challenge SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Foodborne Pathogens - Implications and Control CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP Int Life Sci Inst, N Amer Tech Comm Food Microbiol, USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, USFDA, FAO, WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, NIDDKD ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; INCREASE; DIARRHEA; OYSTERS; VIBRIO AB The epidemiology of foodborne disease is changing. New pathogens have emerged, and some have spread worldwide. Many, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, and Yersinia enterocolitica, have reservoirs in healthy food animals, from which they spread to an increasing variety of foods. These pathogens cause millions of cases of sporadic illness and chronic complications, as well as large and challenging outbreaks over many states and nations. Improved surveillance that combines rapid subtyping methods, cluster identification, and collaborative epidemiologic investigation can identify and halt large, dispersed outbreaks. Outbreak investigations and case-control studies of sporadic cases can identify sources of infection and guide the development of specific prevention strategies. Better understanding of how pathogens persist in animal reservoirs is also critical to successful long-term prevention. In the past, the central challenge of foodborne disease lay in preventing the contamination of human food with sewage or animal manure. In the future, prevention of foodborne disease will increasingly depend on controlling contamination of feed and water consumed by the animals themselves. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS A38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 327 Z9 339 U1 2 U2 21 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 425 EP 434 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400003 PM 9366593 ER PT J AU Morris, JG Potter, M AF Morris, JG Potter, M TI Emergence of new pathogens as a function of changes in host susceptibility SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Foodborne Pathogens - Implications and Control CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP Int Life Sci Inst, N Amer Tech Comm Food Microbiol, USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, USFDA, FAO, WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, NIDDKD ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; UNITED-STATES; NURSING-HOME; RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; VIRUS AB A pathogen may emerge as an important public health problem because of changes in itself or its transmission pathways. Alternatively, a microorganism may emerge as a pathogen or acquire new public health importance because of changes in host susceptibility to infection. Factors influencing host susceptibility within the population as a whole include increases in the number of immunocompromised patients; increased use of immunosuppressive agents, particularly among persons receiving cancer chemotherapy or undergoing organ transplantation; aging of the population; and malnutrition. In considering the emergence of foodborne pathogens and designing interventions to limit their spread, the susceptibility of these population subgroups to specific infections should be taken into account. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Morris, JG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,934 MSTF,10 S PINE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400004 PM 9368786 ER PT J AU Peng, MM Xiao, LH Freeman, AR Arrowood, MJ Escalante, AA Weltman, AC Ong, CSL MacKenzie, WR Lal, AA Beard, CB AF Peng, MM Xiao, LH Freeman, AR Arrowood, MJ Escalante, AA Weltman, AC Ong, CSL MacKenzie, WR Lal, AA Beard, CB TI Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: Evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Foodborne Pathogens - Implications and Control CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP Int Life Sci Inst, N Amer Tech Comm Food Microbiol, USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevention, USFDA, FAO, WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, NIDDKD ID DISCONTINUOUS SUCROSE; INFECTION; GRADIENTS; OUTBREAK; SEQUENCE; OOCYSTS AB We report the results of molecular analysis of 39 isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum from human and bovine sources in nine human outbreaks and from bovine sources from a wide geographic distribution. All 39 isolates could be divided into either of two genotypes, on the basis of genetic polymorphism observed at the thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP-C2) locus. Genotype 1 was observed only in isolates from humans. Genotype 2, however, was seen in calf isolates and in isolates from a subset of human patients who reported direct exposure to infected cattle or consumed items thought to be contaminated with cattle feces. Furthermore, experimental infection studies showed that genotype 2 isolates were infective to mice or calves under routine laboratory conditions, whereas genotype 1 isolates were not. These results support the occurrence of two distinct transmission cycles of C. parvum in humans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. RP Peng, MM (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 26 TC 280 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 567 EP 573 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400023 PM 9366611 ER PT J AU Osterholm, MT Potter, ME AF Osterholm, MT Potter, ME TI Irradiation pasteurization of solid foods: Taking food safety to the next level SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRESSED APPLE CIDER; CONSUMER ATTITUDES; MICROORGANISMS; INACTIVATION; OUTBREAK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Osterholm, MT (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 575 EP 577 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400024 PM 9366612 ER PT J AU Pieniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL AF Pieniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL TI The taxonomy of Cyclospora - Reply SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP Pieniazek, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 579 EP 580 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400027 ER PT J AU Angulo, F Swerdlow, D Tauxe, R Griffin, P Voetsch, D Boyce, T Reddy, S Evans, M Yang, S Vugia, D Werner, B Reilly, K Shallow, S Rothrock, G Daily, P Chi, F Blake, P Koehler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Bardsley, M Segler, S Desai, S Hadler, J Mshar, P Marcus, R Fiorentino, T Osterholm, M Hedberg, C Bender, J Hogan, J Deneen, V Kassenborg, H Cieslak, P Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cassidy, M McGivern, T Stanton, R Dwyer, D Pass, P Morse, D Kiehlbauch, J Chang, HG Stone, C Wachsmuth, IK Hollingsworth, J Nunnery, P Baker, A Sparling, P Falci, K Garthright, B Altekruse, S AF Angulo, F Swerdlow, D Tauxe, R Griffin, P Voetsch, D Boyce, T Reddy, S Evans, M Yang, S Vugia, D Werner, B Reilly, K Shallow, S Rothrock, G Daily, P Chi, F Blake, P Koehler, J Farley, M Baughman, W Bardsley, M Segler, S Desai, S Hadler, J Mshar, P Marcus, R Fiorentino, T Osterholm, M Hedberg, C Bender, J Hogan, J Deneen, V Kassenborg, H Cieslak, P Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cassidy, M McGivern, T Stanton, R Dwyer, D Pass, P Morse, D Kiehlbauch, J Chang, HG Stone, C Wachsmuth, IK Hollingsworth, J Nunnery, P Baker, A Sparling, P Falci, K Garthright, B Altekruse, S TI FoodNet components SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. USDA ARS,FSIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US FDA,CFSAN,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Angulo, F (reprint author), CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 582 EP 583 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE794 UT WOS:A1997YE79400029 ER PT J AU Semenza, JC Tolbert, PE Rubin, CH Guillette, LJ Jackson, RJ AF Semenza, JC Tolbert, PE Rubin, CH Guillette, LJ Jackson, RJ TI Reproductive toxins and alligator abnormalities at Lake Apopka, Florida SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE alligator; DBCP; DDT; EDB; environmental estrogen; nematocides; pesticides; reptile ID ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE; 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE; CONTAMINANTS; WORKERS AB The alligator population at Lake Apopka in central Florida declined dramatically between 1980 and 1987. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and specifically DDT metabolites have been implicated in the alligators' reproductive failure. The DDT metabolite hypothesis is based largely on the observation of elevated concentrations of p,p-DDE and p,p-DDD in alligator eggs obtained from Lake Apopka in 1984 and 1985. In the following commmtary, we draw attention to two nematocides that are established reproductive toxins in humans, dibromochloropropane (DBCP) and ethylene dibromide (EDB), which could also have played a role in the reproductive failure observed in alligators from Lake Apopka in the early 1980s. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Semenza, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Coll Med, 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 105 IS 10 BP 1030 EP 1032 DI 10.2307/3433835 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZB726 UT WOS:000072501400002 PM 9349835 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Cedillo, L Tucker, J Hines, C Sorensen, K Deddens, J Cruz, V AF Steenland, K Cedillo, L Tucker, J Hines, C Sorensen, K Deddens, J Cruz, V TI Thyroid hormones and cytogenetic outcomes in backpack sprayers using ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides in Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE cytogenetics; ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates); EBDCs; ethylene thiourea; ETU; pesticides; thyroid ID ETHYLENEBISDITHIOCARBAMATE FUNGICIDES; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; SISTER CHROMATIDS; ETHYLENETHIOUREA; EXPOSURE; LYMPHOCYTES; THYROTROPIN; WORKERS; DAMAGE; HUMANS AB Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides are used heavily in the United States. EBDCs (e.g., mancozeb, maneb) are metabolized to ethylene thiourea (ETU). The EPA classifies ETU as a carcinogen, based on thyroid and other cancers in rodents, and has restricted the use of EBDCs, while requiring workers to use protective equipment. There are no data on the potential carcinogenicity of EBDCs in humans, and there is only one study on human genotoxicity. ETU is known to cause decreases of thyroxine (T-4) and increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in rodents. We have studied cytogenetic outcomes and serum thyroid hormone levels among 49 heavily exposed workers without protective equipment spraying EBDC on tomatoes in Mexico. We also studied 14 lightly exposed landowners and 31 nonexposed controls. Urinary ETU was used to compare exposure between groups. We found an increase in TSH (p = 0.05) among applicators compared to controls, but no decrease in thyroid hormone (T-4). We found increases in sister chromatid exchange (p = 0.03) and in chromosome translocations (chromosome aberrations that persist through cell division) for applicators compared to controls (p 0.05). However, the subset of reciprocal translocations showed a lesser increase (p = 0.24). Our data suggest that EBDCs affect the thyroid gland and the lymphocyte genome among heavily exposed workers. However, our data are limited to subclinical outcomes, are of borderline statistical significance, and should he interpreted with caution. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Mailstop R13,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 105 IS 10 BP 1126 EP 1130 DI 10.1289/ehp.971051126 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA ZB726 UT WOS:000072501400022 PM 9349837 ER PT J AU Roels, TH Frazak, PA Kazmierczak, JJ Mackenzie, WR Proctor, ME Kurzynski, TA Davis, JP AF Roels, TH Frazak, PA Kazmierczak, JJ Mackenzie, WR Proctor, ME Kurzynski, TA Davis, JP TI Incomplete sanitation of a meat grinder and ingestion of raw ground beef: contributing factors to a large outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infection SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; DISEASE AB Consumers in the United States continue to eat raw or undercooked foods of animal origin despite public health warnings following several well-publicized outbreaks. We investigated an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infection in 158 patients in Wisconsin during the 1994 Christmas holiday period. To determine the vehicle and source of the outbreak, we conducted cohort and case-control studies, and environmental investigations in butcher shop A. Eating raw ground beef purchased from butcher shop A was the only item significantly associated with illness [cohort study: relative risk = 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-21.8; case control study: odds ratio = 46.2, 95% CI = 3.8-2751]. Inadequate cleaning and sanitization of the meat grinder in butcher shop A likely resulted in sustained contamination of ground beef during an 8-day interval. Consumer education, coupled with hazard reduction efforts at multiple stages in the food processing chain, will continue to play an important role in the control of foodborne illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. BUR PUBL HLTH,WISCONSIN DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. DODGE CTY HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH UNIT,JUNEAU,WI. DEPT HLTH,JUNEAU,WI. UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 119 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1017/S0950268897007851 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YD959 UT WOS:A1997YD95900003 PM 9363010 ER PT J AU Tomasi, M Dertzbaugh, MT Hearn, T Hunter, RL Elson, CO AF Tomasi, M Dertzbaugh, MT Hearn, T Hunter, RL Elson, CO TI Strong mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin within lipid particles of a new multiple emulsion delivery system for oral immunization SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mucosal adjuvanticity; cholera toxin; emulsion ID PROTEIN ANTIGEN; SECRETIONS; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY; CELLS; MICE AB Cholera toxin (CT) is an effective mucosal adjuvant but causes significant intestinal secretion which limits its usefulness. In the present study we developed a new multiple emulsion (ME) delivery system into which antigen and CT could be incorporated and asked whether CT would retain its mucosal adjuvanticity when sequestered within emulsion particles. ME were selectively taken up into Peyer's patches, and those containing antigen plus CT generated intestinal secretory IgA and serum IgG antibody responses in mice comparable quantitatively and qualitatively to those occurring after oral immunization with soluble antigen plus CT. The ME particles containing CT did not cause intestinal secretion. The adjuvanticity of CT within ME was due to the CT present in the inner aqueous phase of the ME and was lost if CT binding was blocked by pre-incubation with GM1 ganglioside. Proteins incorporated in ME were protected from external acid, protease, and bile. We conclude that CT sequestered in ME, although unable to bind to the epithelium and thus stimulate intestinal secretion, still retains its mucosal adjuvanticity. Thus, the ability of CT to bind to enterocytes is not obligatory for its mucosal adjuvanticity. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL & HEPATOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. USAMRIID,FREDERICK,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2U01 AI 33231]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK44240] NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2720 EP 2725 DI 10.1002/eji.1830271036 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YB498 UT WOS:A1997YB49800035 PM 9368632 ER PT J AU Butterfoss, FD Houseman, C Morrow, AL Rosenthal, J AF Butterfoss, FD Houseman, C Morrow, AL Rosenthal, J TI Use of focus group data for strategic planning by a community-based immunization coalition SO FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE community coalitions; community empowerment; focus groups; immunization ID HEALTH PROMOTION; EMPOWERMENT; PREVENTION; CHILDREN AB A community immunization coalition conducted focus groups to identify barriers that mothers of young children face when trying to obtain immunizations from public health, military, and private providers. Major themes derived from the data: immunizations were viewed as important, many barriers contributed to underimmunization, and the immunization process was complex. Coalition work groups used the data to develop strategies to improve access and delivery of immunizations including a public awareness campaign, increased clinic hours and sites, free transportation, parent incentives, and staff training. This empowering process can be used by any community with health care concerns. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV,URBAN HLTH SERV,COLL HLTH SCI,NORFOLK,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP Butterfoss, FD (reprint author), EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA 23501, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 SN 0160-6379 J9 FAM COMMUNITY HEALTH JI Fam. Community Health PD OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 49 EP 59 PG 11 WC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Family Studies; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XV216 UT WOS:A1997XV21600006 ER PT J AU Nuss, R Stultz, J Remafedi, G Schulz, SL Cohen, A AF Nuss, R Stultz, J Remafedi, G Schulz, SL Cohen, A TI Health care provider and self-assessment of health status and sexual behaviour in HIV-seropositive young men with haemophilia SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE adolescent; AIDS; HIV; sexual behaviour ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENTS; KNOWLEDGE AB We hypothesized that persons with HIV who perceive themselves as having waning health status may participate in fewer sexual behaviours than HIV-infected persons without HIV-related health problems. The objectives of this study were to compare health care provider responses with participant responses for health status and for sexual activity and to examine the relationship of HIV-related health status to the sexual behaviour of HIV-seropositive adolescents and young men with haemophilia. A detailed questionnaire designed by researchers from 11 participating US haemophilia treatment sites and CDC personnel was administered to 306 HIV-seropositive young men with haemophilia aged 12-25 years. A health care provider from the haemophilia treatment centre also completed a questionnaire on each respondent. Self-assessment of HIV-related health status was similar to provider assessment of health status. Providers accurately assessed participant sexual activity (overall Kappa = 0.62). Participation in vaginal intercourse and condom use was independent of health status. Following extensive educational efforts, most HIV-seropositive adolescents and young men with haemophilia are aware of the relationship between their HIV seropositivity and health status. Waning health status does not reduce participation in penetrative sexual behaviours or increase use of condoms. HIV prevention efforts should continue for this population. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,DIV HEMATOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP Nuss, R (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80206, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD OCT PY 1997 VL 3 IS 4 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.1997.00108.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YD806 UT WOS:A1997YD80600007 PM 27214863 ER PT J AU Freimuth, VS Plotnick, CA Ryan, CE AF Freimuth, VS Plotnick, CA Ryan, CE TI Right turns only: An evaluation of a video-based, multicultural drug education series for seventh graders SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article AB This study assessed the effectiveness of a video-based, multicultural drug education series for seventh graders. Right Turns Only (RTO) was produced by the Prince George's County Public School System in Maryland and funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intentions of 1,036 seventh-grade students who received the RTO curriculum alone or as a supplement to a traditional drug education curriculum (SMART) were measured to test the effects of this video series and its collateral print materials. C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. PRINCE GEORGES CTY PUBL SCH,LANDOVER,MD. RP Freimuth, VS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF COMMUN,BLDG 1600,MAIL STOP D-42,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 555 EP 567 DI 10.1177/109019819702400504 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XW953 UT WOS:A1997XW95300003 PM 9307893 ER PT J AU Negro, F Giostra, E Krawczynski, K Quadri, R RubbiaBrandt, L Mentha, G Colucci, G Perrin, L Hadengue, A AF Negro, F Giostra, E Krawczynski, K Quadri, R RubbiaBrandt, L Mentha, G Colucci, G Perrin, L Hadengue, A TI Intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication after liver transplantation. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HOSP GENEVA,DIV GASTROENTEROL,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. UNIV HOSP GENEVA,DIV CLIN PATHOL,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. UNIV HOSP GENEVA,DIV DIGEST SURG,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. UNIV HOSP GENEVA,VIROL LAB,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CDC,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE AG,BASEL,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 102 EP 102 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87400103 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Detmer, J Schmitt, U Meeks, E Spelbring, J Cong, M Khudyakov, Y Fields, H Margolis, H Ofenloch, B Wilber, J AF Krawczynski, K Detmer, J Schmitt, U Meeks, E Spelbring, J Cong, M Khudyakov, Y Fields, H Margolis, H Ofenloch, B Wilber, J TI Natural history of HGV transmission in chimpanzees: Viral load, incubation period of infection, and immune response SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CHIRON DIAGNOST,EMERYVILLE,CA. BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM GMBH,DIAGNOST,PENZBERG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 SU S BP 793 EP 793 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XY874 UT WOS:A1997XY87400793 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Corl, A Shah, B Schulte, M Arduino, MJ Aguero, S Fisher, DJ Stechenberg, BW Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Corl, A Shah, B Schulte, M Arduino, MJ Aguero, S Fisher, DJ Stechenberg, BW Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR TI Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chlorxylenol soap SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE; EPIDEMIC AB OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors for Serratia marcescens infection or colonization, and to identify the source of the pathogen and factors facilitating its persistence in a neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) during an outbreak. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study; review of NICU infection control policies, soap use, and handwashing practices among healthcare workers (HCWs); and selected environmental cultures. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary-care hospital NICU. PATIENTS: All NICU infants with at least one positive culture for S marcescens during August 1994 to October 1995. infants who did not develop S marcescens infection or colonization were selected randomly as controls. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients met the case definition. On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for S marcescens infection or colonization were having very low birth weight (<1,500 g), a patent ductus arteriosus, a mother with chorioamnionitis, or exposure to a single HCW. During January to July 1995, NICU HCWs carried their own bottles of 1% chlorxylenol soap, which often were left standing inverted in the NICU sink and work areas. Cultures of 16 (31% of 52 samples of soap and I (8%) of 13 sinks yielded S marcescens. The 16 samples of soap all came from opened 4-oz bottles carried by HCWs. DNA banding patterns of case infant, HCW soap bottle, and sink isolates were identical. CONCLUSIONS: Extrinsically contaminated soap contributed to an outbreak of S marcescens infection. Very-low-birth-weight infants with multiple invasive procedures and exposures to certain HCWs were at greatest risk of S marcescens infection or colonization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, CDC, Mailstop E-55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 16 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 10 BP 704 EP 709 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YQ304 UT WOS:000071371900011 PM 9350463 ER PT J AU Cleveland, JL Gooch, BF Lockwood, SA AF Cleveland, JL Gooch, BF Lockwood, SA TI Occupational blood exposures in dentistry: A decade in review SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Frontline Healthcare Worker Conference CY AUG, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; INFECTION-CONTROL; DENTAL OFFICE; RISK; HIV AB This review summarizes data from self-reported and observational studies describing the nature, frequency, and circumstances of occupational blood exposures among US dental workers between 1986 and 1995. These studies suggest that, among US dentists, percutaneous injuries have declined steadily over the 10-year period. Data also suggest that, in 1995, most dental workers (dentists, hygienists, assistants, and oral surgeons) experienced approximately three injuries per year. Work practices leg, using an instrument instead of fingers to retract tissue), safer instrumentation or design leg, self-sheathing needles, changes in dental-unit design), and continued worker education may reduce occupational blood exposures in dentistry further. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Cleveland, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 18 IS 10 BP 717 EP 721 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA YQ304 UT WOS:000071371900015 PM 9350467 ER PT J AU Bowlin, SJ Leske, MC Varma, A Nasca, P Weinstein, A Caplan, L AF Bowlin, SJ Leske, MC Varma, A Nasca, P Weinstein, A Caplan, L TI Breast cancer risk and alcohol consumption: Results from a large case-control study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol; breast cancer; case-control study ID ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; WOMEN; AGE AB Background. Alcohol use is associated with breast cancer in many epidemiological studies. Most, however, have measured risk from recent consumption patterns, and only a few include analyses for duration of drinking or age that a woman started to drink. The authors studied the effect of these variables, as well as of recent alcohol consumption patterns, on breast cancer risk. Methods. Data from a large case-control study conducted in Long Island, New York from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 1986 were used. A total of 1214 women aged 20-79 years with incident breast cancer were interviewed. A control was selected for each case from driver's license files, and matched on age and county of residence. Alcohol consumption was measured as: ever versus never, grams of alcohol per day, age started drinking, and total years drinking. Results. After adjustment for breast cancer risk factors, the odds ratio for ever versus never drinking was 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.79); odds ratios for >0-5 and greater than or equal to 5 grams of alcohol use per day, as compared to nondrinkers, were 1.29 (95% CI : 1.00-1.65) and 1.46 (95% CI : 1.13-1.89), respectively, Age when drinking began was not related to breast cancer risk, but the greater the total years of drinking, up to 40 years (odds ratio 1.48, 95% CI : 1.13-1.93), the greater the risk. However, when grams per day and duration of drinking were simultaneously included in the multivariate model, duration was not important as a risk factor. This suggests that intensity of drinking may be the important factor for breast cancer risk. After covariate adjustment, risk from alcohol intake did not differ between pre-and postmenopausal women. Conclusions. These data support the belief that alcohol is associated with breast cancer risk. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK, MED CTR, DEPT PREVENT MED, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, SCH PUBL HLTH & HLTH SCI, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, ALBANY, NY USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Bowlin, SJ (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT, 10900 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 EI 1464-3685 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1093/ije/26.5.915 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YH707 UT WOS:A1997YH70700001 PM 9363510 ER PT J AU Fisher, CL Mannino, DM Herman, WH Frumkin, H AF Fisher, CL Mannino, DM Herman, WH Frumkin, H TI Cigarette smoking and thyroid hormone levels in males SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thyroid; thyroxine; cigarette smoking; epidemiology; toxicology ID GRAVES-DISEASE; WOMEN; OPHTHALMOPATHY; HYPOTHYROIDISM; GOITER; RISK; MEN AB Background. Cigarette smoking has been linked to thyroid disease, although studies of this problem have not shown consistent affects, with some studies linking smoking to increased thyroid hormone levels, and others to decreased thyroid hormone levels. Methods. We performed secondary analysis of information collected from 4462 Vietnam-era male US Army veterans aged 31-49 years who participated in the Vietnam Experience Study in 1985-1986. The study group consisted of 1962 current smokers and 2406 current non-smokers who had no thyroid abnormalities on physical examination, no current use of thyroid medicine, and no history of thyroid disease. Results. We found that current smokers have higher thyroxine levels and lower thyroid stimulating hormone levels than never smokers and former smokers. The higher thyroxine levels that we detected in smokers, compared to non-smokers, diminished when we controlled for thyroxine-binding globulin and testosterone. We also found that heavy smokers had a smaller increase in thyroxine levels than did light smokers, when compared to non-smokers. Conclusions. Our findings suggest at least two distinct mechanisms for the effect of tobacco smoke on thyroid function; one related to higher levels of thyroxine-binding globulin and testosterone among smokers compared to non-smokers and another related to higher levels of thyrotoxins in tobacco smoke in heavy smokers compared to light and moderate smokers. C1 EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CDC,EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828; Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 29 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 972 EP 977 DI 10.1093/ije/26.5.972 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YH707 UT WOS:A1997YH70700008 PM 9363517 ER PT J AU Balluz, LS Philen, RM Sewell, CM Voorhees, RE Falter, KH Paschal, D AF Balluz, LS Philen, RM Sewell, CM Voorhees, RE Falter, KH Paschal, D TI Mercury toxicity associated with a beauty lotion, New Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH F46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1132 DI 10.1093/ije/26.5.1131 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YH707 UT WOS:A1997YH70700028 PM 9363537 ER PT J AU Habes, DJ Grant, KA AF Habes, DJ Grant, KA TI An electromyographic study of maximum torques and upper extremity muscle activity in simulated screwdriving tasks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE surface electromyography (EMG); upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders; torque; posture ID HANDLE AB The effects of workstation and tool handle design on strength and upper extremity muscle activity during a simulated manual screwdriving task were examined. Fifteen male participants performed maximal (100%) and submaximal (75% and 50%) exertions with a screwdriver using postures frequently observed in industry. Investigators varied handle height, reach distance, handle diameter, and handle orientation during the experiment. The activity of the anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, biceps, extensor digitorum, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor pollicis long-us was monitored using surface electromyography (EMG). The ratio of normalized EMG activity to torque produced during the exertion was computed for each muscle under each condition. The results indicated that increased torque capability was associated with the use of a larger (3.7 cm), vertically oriented handle, EMG/torque ratio generally increased as handle height was increased, reach distance and handle diameter were reduced, and the handle orientation was changed from vertical to horizontal. This study supports the premise that workstations and tools can be configured to maximize worker capabilities while minimizing the potential for muscle strain and fatigue. These data may be useful to job analysts for assessing the relative demands of construction and assembly work. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NIOSH, US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 20 IS 4 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0169-8141(96)00069-8 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA YE678 UT WOS:A1997YE67800008 ER PT J AU Yanai, H Uthaivoravit, W Mastro, TD Limpakarnjanarat, K Sawanpanyalert, P Morrow, RH Nieburg, P AF Yanai, H Uthaivoravit, W Mastro, TD Limpakarnjanarat, K Sawanpanyalert, P Morrow, RH Nieburg, P TI Utility of tuberculin and anergy skin testing in predicting tuberculosis infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific CY SEP, 1995 CL CHIANG MAI, THAILAND DE tuberculosis; skin testing; HIV; AIDS; Thailand; Asia ID HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; DRUG-USERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION; REACTIVITY AB SETTING: Chiang Rai, the northernmost province of Thailand, where extensive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission has resulted in a rapid increase in tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of tuberculin and anergy skin testing to identify latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study and analysis were conducted to examine reactivity to tuberculin and two control antigens (mumps and candida) in HIV-negative and HIV-positive blood donors and female sex workers. RESULTS: HIV-positive persons had markedly decreased tuberculin reactivity; 14%, 19%, and 40% had an induration of greater than or equal to 10 mm, greater than or equal to 5 mm, greater than or equal to 2 mm, respectively, while 51% of 525 HIV-negative persons had an induration of greater than or equal to 10 mm (P < 0.001). Mumps and candida positivity (reactions of greater than or equal to 3 mm) were found in 94% and 78% of HIV-negative persons compared with 72% and 61% of HIV-positive persons, respectively (P< 0.001). Although HIV-positive persons had markedly less tuberculin reactivity even at higher CD4 + cell counts (>400 cells/mu L), reactivity to mumps and candida was present in more than half of HIV-positive persons with low CD4 + cell counts (less than or equal to 200 cells/mu L). Reaction to control antigens did not predict tuberculin reactivity. CONCLUSION: In this setting, tuberculid and anergy skin testing have a low predictive value in detecting M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected persons, and therefore such testing has a limited role in identifying HN-infected persons who may benefit from tuberculosis preventive therapy programs. C1 MINIST PUBL HLTH,HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. RES INST TB,TOKYO,JAPAN. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CHIANG RAI HOSP,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 1 IS 5 BP 427 EP 434 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA YK002 UT WOS:A1997YK00200008 PM 9441097 ER PT J AU Okwera, A Johnson, JL Vjecha, MJ Wolski, K Whalen, CC Hom, D Huebner, R Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ AF Okwera, A Johnson, JL Vjecha, MJ Wolski, K Whalen, CC Hom, D Huebner, R Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ TI Risk factors for adverse drug reactions during thiacetazone treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; thiacetazone; HIV; anergy; lymphocytopenia; toxicity ID CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; PREVALENCE; THERAPY; ZAMBIA; ANERGY AB SETTING: Prospective randomised clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of rifampicin-and thiacetazone-containing regimens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) at the National Tuberculosis Treatment Centre, Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To assess demographic, clinical and laboratory risk factors associated with toxicity during treatment with streptomycin, thiacetazone and isoniazid (STH) of HIV-1 infected adults with pulmonary TB. DESIGN: Nested case-control study of all subjects randomized to the STH treatment arm. Baseline demographic, clinical, microbiological, hematological and radiographic characteristics were compared between subjects who developed and those who did not develop adverse drug reactions (ADR). RESULTS: Of the 90 subjects randomized to STH, 13 developed ADR yielding an incidence rate of 19.6 events per 100 person years of observation (PYO). Eleven of the 13 ADR were cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, including one fatal case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Eight of 13 patients who developed ADR were tuberculin anergic, compared to 12 of 77 patients who did not develop ADR (P < 0.001). An absolute lymphocyte count below 2000 cells/mm(3) was also associated with ADR (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Initial anergy to tuberculin and lymphocytopenia, markers of advanced HIV infection and immunosuppression, were associated with increased risk for adverse drug reactions during STH chemotherapy. C1 NATL TUBERCULOSIS & LEPROSY CONTROL PROGRAMME,KAMPALA,UGANDA. MULAGO HOSP,DEPT MED,KAMPALA,UGANDA. MAKERERE UNIV,KAMPALA,UGANDA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,CLEVELAND,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Okwera, A (reprint author), UGANDA CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV RES COLLABORAT,POB 663,KAMPALA,UGANDA. FU PHS HHS [CCU501881] NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 1 IS 5 BP 441 EP 445 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA YK002 UT WOS:A1997YK00200010 PM 9441099 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Gursky, EA AF Finelli, L Gursky, EA TI Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection associated with home infusion therapy for hemophilia (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 597-599, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 13 BP 1057 EP 1058 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX303 UT WOS:A1997XX30300011 ER PT J AU Agerton, T Valway, S Gore, B Pozsik, C Plikaytis, B Woodley, C Onorato, I AF Agerton, T Valway, S Gore, B Pozsik, C Plikaytis, B Woodley, C Onorato, I TI Transmission of a highly drug-resistant strain (strain W1) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Community outbreak and nosocomial transmission via a contaminated bronchoscope SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Context.-Nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) has been reported primarily in New York State and has generally been presumed to occur via respiratory aerosols. Objective.-To assess nosocomial transmission of MDR TB. In 1995, 8 patients with MDR TB were identified in South Carolina; all were resistant to 7 drugs and had matching DNA fingerprints (strain W1). Community links were identified for 5 patients (Patients 1-5). However, no links were identified for the other 3 patients (Patients 6-8) except being hospitalized at the same hospital as 1 community patient. Design.-Outbreak investigation. Setting.-Community and hospital. Patients.-Eight patients whose MDR TB isolates had DNA fingerprint patterns matching strain W1. Main Outcome Measures.-Clinical characteristics of patients with strain W1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Results.-Patient 5 (community patient) and Patient 8, diagnosed April 1995 and November 1995, respectively, had clinical courses consistent with MDR TB, with smear-positive and culture-positive specimens and cavitary lesions on chest radiograph; both died of MDR TB less than 1 month after diagnosis. Patients 6 and 7 (diagnosed May 1995) each had 1 positive culture for MDR TB; specimens were collected during bronchoscopy. Patient 6 had a skin test conversion after bronchoscopy. Neither Patient 6 nor Patient 7 had a clinical course consistent with MDR TB, neither was treated for MDR TB, and both are alive and well. No evidence of laboratory contamination of specimens, transmission on inpatient wards, or contact among patients was found. All 4 received bronchoscopies in May 1995; Patients 6, 7, and 8 had bronchoscopies 1, 12, and 17 days, respectively, after Patient 5. Observations revealed that bronchoscope cleaning was inadequate, and the bronchoscope was never immersed in disinfectant. Conclusions.-Inadequate cleaning and disinfection of the bronchoscope after the procedure performed on Patient 5 led to subsequent false-positive cultures in Patients 6 and 7 and transmission of infection to Patient 6 and active MDR TB to Patient 8. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV PROGRAM,EPIDEM PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV STD TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. RP Agerton, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 119 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 13 BP 1073 EP 1077 DI 10.1001/jama.278.13.1073 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XX303 UT WOS:A1997XX30300030 PM 9315765 ER PT J AU Bartholow, BN MacQueen, KM Douglas, JM Buchbinder, S McKirnan, D Judson, FN AF Bartholow, BN MacQueen, KM Douglas, JM Buchbinder, S McKirnan, D Judson, FN TI Assessment of the changing willingness to participate in phase III HIV vaccine trials among men who have sex with men SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gay men; HIV infection; AIDS; vaccine trials ID STATISTICAL ISSUES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; RISK; BEHAVIOR; AIDS AB This paper describes the willingness of 1267 men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in a prospective HIV vaccine preparedness study from Chicago, Denver, and San Francisco to enroll in HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Respondents were interviewed at baseline and followed-up at 6, 12, and 18 months. At each visit respondents mere tested for HIV antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing with Western blot confirmation. Over 18 months, the annualized HIV seroincidence of this cohort was 2.4%. At baseline, 37% of the men reported that they would be ''definitely'' willing to participate in an HIV vaccine efficacy trial; however, this dropped to 21% at 12 months and remained stable at 18 months. Greater willingness to participate (WTP) was related to lower education, engaging in HIV risk behavior, Living in Denver, white ethnicity, and older age. Changing WTP suggests that the decision to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials may be complex and dynamic and take an extended time. These data underscore the importance of informed consent and raise questions regarding the influence of decision-making processes on HIV vaccine efficacy trial design, compliance, and validity. C1 DENVER DEPT PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL. RP Bartholow, BN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU802715, U64/CCU502714, U64/CCU900523] NR 27 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 108 EP 115 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE048 UT WOS:A1997YE04800006 PM 9358105 ER PT J AU Karon, JM Green, TA Hanson, DL Ward, JW AF Karon, JM Green, TA Hanson, DL Ward, JW TI Estimating the number of AIDS-defining opportunistic illness diagnoses from data collected under the 1993 AIDS surveillance definition SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE incidence; statistical methods; surveillance; AIDS ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE AB Expansion of the surveillance definition for AIDS in the United States in 1993 caused a substantial distortion in the trend in AIDS incidence, mainly because CD4-positive (CD4(+)) T-lymphocyte criteria were added to the definition. To evaluate trends in the rate at which HIV-infected persons develop the opportunistic illnesses Listed in the AIDS surveillance definition (AIDS-OIs), we developed a procedure for estimating the incidence of these diseases. This estimate is based primarily on the probability distributions of the time from a CD4(+) count in given ranges to the diagnosis of the first AIDS-OI. Our estimates of AIDS-OI incidence change by <4% during most calendar quarters during 1991 through 1995 if we also include the estimated effects of unreported AIDS-OIs among persons with AIDS reported based on the CD4(+) criteria. Our procedure eliminates the transient effect of adding the CD4(+) criteria to the AIDS surveillance definition and permits us to evaluate trends in the incidence of AIDS-OIs. RP Karon, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT E48, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 116 EP 121 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE048 UT WOS:A1997YE04800007 PM 9358106 ER PT J AU Warren, CW Kann, L Small, ML Santelli, JS Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ AF Warren, CW Kann, L Small, ML Santelli, JS Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ TI Age of initiating selected health-risk behaviors among high school students in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescence; risk behaviors; age of initiation; smoking/alcohol; sexual intercourse; marijuana; gender differences ID SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; YOUTH; ADULTHOOD; WOMEN AB Purpose: To estimate and compare the age of initiation of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, sexual intercourse, and marijuana use among female and male students in U.S. high schools. Methods: Using data from the 1991 and 1993 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, life-table analysis was used to create hypothetical cohorts to estimate age of initiation of selected health-risk behaviors. The sample size was 12,272 in 1991 and 16,296 in 1993, with an overall response rate of 68% in 1991 and 70% in 1993. Results: Male students initiate each of these behaviors earlier than female students, but the pace of initiation for females accelerates so that by age 15 years the cumulative proportion of male and female students who have initiated these behaviors is similar. For both female and male students, the youngest cohort appears to initiate use of alcohol and sexual intercourse at earlier ages than older cohorts. Similarly, the younger cohorts of female students appear to initiate smoking cigarettes and using marijuana at earlier ages than older cohorts. Conclusions: Many high school students are initiating alcohol use, cigarette smoking, sexual intercourse, and marijuana use at early ages. These data suggest a need for intensive intervention programs by middle/junior high school to motivate and prepare students to avoid these behaviors. Clinicians should begin screening and counseling for risk behaviors in early adolescence. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1997. RP Warren, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00112-2 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA XW349 UT WOS:A1997XW34900004 PM 9304453 ER PT J AU Remafedi, G Parsons, JT Schultz, JR Schulz, SL AF Remafedi, G Parsons, JT Schultz, JR Schulz, SL TI Sexual behavior of HIV-seropositive young men with congenital coagulopathies SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; hemophilia; sexual behavior ID INFECTED ADOLESCENTS; HEMOPHILIA; KNOWLEDGE; AIDS; AWARENESS AB Purpose: To describe the self-reported sexual behaviors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive youths with congenital coagulopathies in order to guide the development of interventions to prevent secondary transmission. Subjects: A total of 297 HIV-seropositive males, 12-24 years of age, were sampled from 11 hemophilia treatment centers and 28 affiliated subsites. Methods: Review of clinical records and self-administered survey of HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Subjects were classified and compared by self-reported sexual behavior over the lifetime and the prior 6 months into five mutually exclusive groups (G1-5). Results: A total of 42% of subjects were virgins who never had oral, vaginal, or rectal sex (G1); 10% were nonvirgins who had abstained (G2); 13% were virgins and nonvirgins who had intimate touch only (G3); 21% had intercourse and always used condoms (G4); and 13% had had unsafe intercourse (G5). Among the groups, G5 was the oldest, least likely to forego sex, most angry and anxious when reminded of HIV, and most reluctant to disclose serostatus to friends. Conclusions: Most subjects (87%) had safer sex or abstained in the last 6 months. A relatively small group of HIV-seropositive youth with bleeding disorders were engaged in unprotected intercourse and in need of intensive help with HIV risk reduction. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1997. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PEDIAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. JERSEY CITY STATE COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,JERSEY CITY,NJ. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT PEDIAT,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CHILDRENS HOSP,MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. CHILDRENS HOSP,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. MED CTR CENT MASSACHUSETTS,WORCESTER,MA 01605. MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02903. UNIV IOWA,HEMOPHILIA CTR,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU106103] NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 1997 VL 21 IS 4 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00117-1 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA XW349 UT WOS:A1997XW34900005 PM 9304454 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Sumner, JW Shore, GM Bartley, DC Elie, RC McQuade, JG Martin, CR Goldsmith, CS Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Sumner, JW Shore, GM Bartley, DC Elie, RC McQuade, JG Martin, CR Goldsmith, CS Childs, JE TI Isolation and characterization of Ehrlichia chaffeensis strains from patients with fatal ehrlichiosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; UNITED-STATES; PLAQUE-FORMATION; INFECTION; CELLS; CANIS AB Two new isolates of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (designated Jar and Si, Vincent) mere obtained from patients with fatal ehrlichial infections. Patients developed characteristic manifestations of severe disease due to E. chaffeensis, including marked thrombocytopenia, pulmonary insufficiency, and encephalopathy. Primary isolation was achieved in DH82 cells; the Jar and St. Vincent isolates were detected within 19 and 8 days postinoculation, respectively. The isolates were characterized by molecular evaluation of the 16S rRNA gene, the groESL best shock operon, a 120-kDa immunodominant protein gene, and an incompletely characterized repetitive-motif sequence (variable-length PCR target [VLPT]). The sequences were compared with those of the corresponding molecular regions in the type isolate (Arkansas), St, Vincent contained one fewer repeat unit in both the 120-kDa protein gene and the VLPT compared with corresponding sequences of the Jar and Arkansas isolates. 16S rRNA gene sequences from the two new isolates had 100% identity to the corresponding sequences of the 91HE17 and Sapulpa isolates off. chaffeensis, and to the corrected 16S rRNA gene sequence of the Arkansas isolate, The Jar isolate grew more slowly than the St. Vincent isolate in DH82 cells, and both of the new isolates grew more slowly than the extensively passaged Arkansas isolate. Although specific associations between ehrlichial pathogenicity and genotype were not identified from these comparisons, recovery of this organism from a spectrum of clinical presentations remains an integral step in understanding mechanisms of disease caused by E. chaffeensis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFECT DIS PATHOL ACT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USN HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,JACKSONVILLE,FL. USN HOSP,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE,JACKSONVILLE,FL. USN HOSP,DEPT INTERNAL MED,JACKSONVILLE,FL. ST VINCENTS MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,JACKSONVILLE,AL. ST VINCENTS MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,JACKSONVILLE,AL. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 33 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2496 EP 2502 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX182 UT WOS:A1997XX18200012 PM 9316896 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, J Tenover, FC Wong, J Jarvis, W Vugia, DJ AF Rosenberg, J Tenover, FC Wong, J Jarvis, W Vugia, DJ TI Are clinical laboratories in California accurately reporting vancomycin-resistant enterococci? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; FAECIUM; SURVEILLANCE; PENICILLIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BACTERIA; ABILITY; SYSTEM AB In order to determine whether hospital-based clinical laboratories conducting active surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci in three San Francisco Bay area counties (San Francisco, Alameda, and contra Costa counties) were accurately reporting vancomycin resistance, five vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains and one vancomycin-susceptible beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus were sent to 31 of 32 (97%) laboratories conducting surveillance. Each strain was tested by the laboratory's routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing method. An Enterococcus faecium strain with high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIG, 512 mu g/ml) was correctly reported as resistant by 100% of laboratories; an E. faecium strain with moderate-level resistance (MIC, 64 mu g/ml) was correctly reported as resistant by 91% of laboratories; two Enterococcus faecalis strains with low-level resistance (MICs, 32 mu g/ml) were correctly reported as resistant by 97 and 56% of laboratories, respectively. An Enterococcus gallinarum strain with intrinsic low-level resistance (MIC, 8 mu g/ml) was correctly reported as intermediate by 50% of laboratories. A beta-lactamase-producing E. faecalis isolate was correctly identified as susceptible to vancomycin by 100% of laboratories and as resistant to penicillin and ampicillin by 68 and 44% of laboratories, respectively; all 23 (74%) laboratories that tested for beta-lactamase recognized that it was a beta-lactamase producer, This survey indicated that far clinically significant enterococcal isolates, laboratories in the San Francisco Bay area have problems in detecting low- to moderate-level but not high-level vancomycin resistance. Increasing accuracy of detection and prompt reporting of these isolates and investigation of cases are the next steps in the battle for control of the spread of vancomycin resistance. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,MICROBIAL DIS LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rosenberg, J (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,DIS INVEST & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2526 EP 2530 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX182 UT WOS:A1997XX18200017 PM 9316901 ER PT J AU Salkin, IF Padhye, AA Kemna, ME AF Salkin, IF Padhye, AA Kemna, ME TI A new medium for the presumptive identification of dermatophytes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A new medium, Dermatophyte Identification Medium (DIM) (trade mark pending), was specifically developed to eliminate problems of false-positive results associated with commercially marketed media, such as dermatophyte test medium (DTM). Previous investigations had demonstrated that DTM only partially suppressed growth of nondermatophytes and that several of these nondermatophytic fungi that were morphologically similar to dermatophytes caused false-positive results. Presumptive identification of an unknown isolate as a dermatophyte required only the transfer of a portion of the suspected colony recovered from the specimen to DIM. Positive results, evidenced by a change in the color of the medium, were observed within 24 to 48 h. In studies of over 500 isolates of dermatophytes and common nondermatophyte molds, as well as close to 600 yeast isolates, false-positive results were always associated with bacterial contamination of the mold isolates while false negatives were only observed with occasional isolates of Trichophyton verrucosum. DIM culture was an inexpensive, rapid, and accurate method for the presumptive identification of dermatophytes in the clinical mycology laboratory. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Salkin, IF (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR,POB 509,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2660 EP 2662 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XX182 UT WOS:A1997XX18200044 PM 9316928 ER PT J AU Bean, NH Goulding, JS Daniels, MT Angulo, FJ AF Bean, NH Goulding, JS Daniels, MT Angulo, FJ TI Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks - United States, 1988-1992 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE foodborne disease; outbreaks; surveillance ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; HEPATITIS; CHOLERA AB Data collected by the CDC through a collaborative surveillance program for collection and periodic reporting of data concerning the occurrence and causes of foodborne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) are reviewed for the period from January 1988 through December 1992. An FBDO is defined as the occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food. Before 1992 only one case of intoxication by chemical or other nonbacterial toxin, marine toxin, or Clostridium botulinum toxin as a result of the ingestion of food was required to constitute an FBDO. Since 1992 two or more cases have been required. State and local public health departments have primary responsibility for identifying and investigating FBDOs. State and territorial health departments report these outbreaks to CDC on a standard form. During the 1988-1992 period a total of 2,423 outbreaks of foodborne disease were reported (451 in 1988, 505 in 1989, 532 in 1990, 528 in 1991, and 407 in 1992). These outbreaks caused a reported 77,373 persons to become ill. Among outbreaks for which the etiology was determined, bacterial pathogens caused the largest percentage of outbreaks (79%) and the largest percentage of cases (90%). Salmonella serotype Enteritidis accounted for the largest number of outbreaks, cases, and deaths; most of these outbreaks were attributed to eating undercooked, infected eggs. Chemical and other nonbacterial agents caused 14% of outbreaks and 2% of cases; parasites, 2% of outbreaks and 1% of cases; and viruses, 4% of outbreaks and 6% of cases. The number of FBDOs reported per year did not change substantially during the first four years but declined in 1992 as a result of the revised definition of an outbreak. During this reporting period S. Enteritidis continued to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition, multistate outbreaks caused by contaminated produce and outbreaks caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 became more prominent. RP Bean, NH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1286 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YE208 UT WOS:A1997YE20800020 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K AF Krawczynski, K TI Novel hepatitis agents: The significance of clinical and experimental studies. An overview SO JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hepatology CY 1996 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN DE community-acquired hepatitis; experimental infection; GBV-C; HGV; post-transfusion hepatitis ID VIRUS AB A new virus with genomic organization similar to that of the family Flaviviridae was identified in patients with viral hepatitis and designated hepatitis G virus (HGV) or hepatitis GB virus C (GBV-C). HGV/GBV-C can be transmitted by blood and results in persistent infection, as shown in patients with posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, in transfusion recipients, and in donors of blood received by HGV-positive patients. The parenteral route of transmission of HGV/GBV-C infection was confirmed in experimentally infected chimpanzees. Epidemiologic studies of sporadic, community-acquired viral hepatitis have not indicated an association between HGV/GBV-C and acute non A-E hepatitis. Thus, the disease association of this new virus remains unconfirmed and its role in the etiology of acute and chronic hepatitis is unclear. The experimental model of HGV/GBV-C infection may define the biology of the virus replication. RP Krawczynski, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0815-9319 J9 J GASTROEN HEPATOL JI J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 9-10 BP S193 EP S194 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00501.x PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YK841 UT WOS:A1997YK84100018 PM 9407338 ER PT J AU Kroger, F AF Kroger, F TI Government's brand of social marketing SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Kroger, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD OCT-DEC PY 1997 VL 2 IS 4 BP 312 EP 314 DI 10.1080/108107397127653 PG 3 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA YJ985 UT WOS:A1997YJ98500011 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH Chin, DP Hartman, S Reddy, V Horsburgh, CR Green, TA Yajko, DM Hopewell, PC Reingold, AL Crawford, JT AF Mazurek, GH Chin, DP Hartman, S Reddy, V Horsburgh, CR Green, TA Yajko, DM Hopewell, PC Reingold, AL Crawford, JT TI Genetic similarity among Mycobacterium avium isolates from blood, stool, and sputum of persons with AIDS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAIN-SPECIFIC MARKERS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; COMPLEX BACTEREMIA; POSITIVE CULTURES; TUBERCULOSIS; WATER; DNA; INTRACELLULARE AB Large-restriction-fragment pattern comparison of Mycobacterium avium from 85 blood, stool, and respiratory specimens from 25 human immunodeficiency virus-infected San Francisco patients revealed 4 strains that infected multiple people (3 groups of 2 patients and 1 group of 3 patients). Most patients harbored a single M. avium strain, but 2 strains were recovered from 8 patients. The significance of recovering 2 strains is not clear, since the second strain was seldom recovered more than once. The strain recovered from blood was recovered from stool of 4 patients and respiratory secretions of 6 patients >4 weeks before detection of bacteremia, indicating that the intestinal and respiratory tracts are entry portals from which M. avium can disseminate. M. avium from 21 cities outside of California served as controls, Thus, a single M. avium strain can cause disseminated infection in multiple patients. This may represent infection from a common environmental source or person-to-person spread. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MED,TYLER,TX 75710. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,TB CONTROL BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP F08,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 176 IS 4 BP 976 EP 983 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XZ465 UT WOS:A1997XZ46500017 PM 9333156 ER PT J AU Reichmann, P Konig, A Linares, J Alcaide, F Tenover, FC McDougal, L Swidsinski, S Hakenbeck, R AF Reichmann, P Konig, A Linares, J Alcaide, F Tenover, FC McDougal, L Swidsinski, S Hakenbeck, R TI A global gene pool for high-level cephalosporin resistance in commensal Streptococcus species and Streptococcus pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Congress of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; PBPX GENES; CLONES; 2X; 2B; TRANSFORMATION AB Highly penicillin-and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis were isolated in Spain, Hungary, and Berlin. With chromosomal DNA of these strains, resistant transformants of Streptococcus pneumoniae were obtained that expressed low-affinity variants of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 2x, 1a, 2a, and 2b in different combinations, depending on the selective conditions. The transformants had cefotaxime MICs of up to 6 mu g/mL, and those with a low-affinity PBP 2b were highly deficient in penicillin-induced lysis. Sequence analysis of the pbp2x genes confirmed the presence of a global gene pool of penicillin resistance determinants shared by commensal and pathogenic streptococci. C1 MAX PLANCK INST MOL GENET,D-14195 BERLIN,GERMANY. KRANKENHAUS FRIEDRICHSHAIN,BERLIN,GERMANY. BELLVITGE HOSP,BARCELONA,SPAIN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RI Linares, Josefina/N-9450-2014; Alcaide, Fernando/B-4124-2015; OI Alcaide, Fernando/0000-0002-4097-1499 NR 55 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 176 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1012 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XZ465 UT WOS:A1997XZ46500020 PM 9333159 ER PT J AU Breman, JG vanderGroen, G Peters, CJ Heymann, DL AF Breman, JG vanderGroen, G Peters, CJ Heymann, DL TI International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Research: Summary report SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUSES; MARBURG VIRUS; MONKEYS; POPULATIONS; INFECTIONS; FILOVIRUS; ANTIGENS; AFRICA; ZAIRE; LASSA C1 INST TROP MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, B-2000 ANTWERP, BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. WHO, DIV EMERGING & OTHER COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANC, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. RP Breman, JG (reprint author), NIH, FOGARTY INT CTR,BLDG 31,ROOM B2C39,31 CTR DR, MSC 2220, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 176 IS 4 BP 1058 EP 1063 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XZ465 UT WOS:A1997XZ46500028 PM 9333167 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, S Allos, BM Misawa, N Patton, CM Blaser, MJ AF Fujimoto, S Allos, BM Misawa, N Patton, CM Blaser, MJ TI Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; FLAGELLIN; PENNER; PCR; SEROTYPES; DIVERSITY; SCHEME; COMMON; COLI AB Campylobacter jejuni serotype O19 strains associated with the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and other strains were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of the flaA genes and by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. RFLP analysis showed that regardless of LIO serotype, geographic origins, or association with GBS, the O19 isolates shared an identical digestion pattern by each of four restriction endonucleases, DdeI, MboI, MseI, and AluI. In contrast, among C. jejuni O1 or O2 strains, RFLP patterns were different even among strains of the same LIO serotype. The results of the RAPD analysis were consistent with the flaA RFLP data. These data indicate that all of the O19 strains that were tested were closely related to one another whether they were or were not associated with GBS. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. KYUSHU UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT BACTERIOL,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN. VET ADM MED CTR,NASHVILLE,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-01709] NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 176 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1108 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XZ465 UT WOS:A1997XZ46500039 PM 9333178 ER PT J AU Sotir, M Switzer, W Schable, C Schmitt, J Vitek, C Khabbaz, RF AF Sotir, M Switzer, W Schable, C Schmitt, J Vitek, C Khabbaz, RF TI Risk of occupational exposure to potentially infectious nonhuman primate materials and to simian immunodeficiency virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE injuries; needlestick; mucocutaneous; infection ID HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; LABORATORY WORKER; MACAQUE MONKEYS; RETROVIRUS; DISEASE; BLOOD; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE AB Five hundred fifty persons who worked with nonhuman primates (NHP) or with NHP material in 13 North American research institutions were surveyed for potential occupational exposures and tested for antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Needlesticks and mucocutaneous exposures were reported more frequently among persons who handled SIV-negative or SIV-status-unknown (SIV-N/U) animals (36% and 35%) or who worked with SIV-N/U material in the laboratory (18% and 17%) than among persons who handled SIV-positive NHP (SIV-P) (9% and 4%) or worked with SIV-P material (6% and 8%), The risk for needlesticks when working with both SIV-N/U and SIV-P animals and the risk for mucocutaneous exposures from SIV-N/U animals increased with the number of years working with NHP. Persons who performed invasive tasks (e.g., obtaining blood samples, performing surgery/autopsies) were more likely than others to sustain needlesticks (adjusted OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.40-9.02). Two (0.4%) of 550 persons had antibodies to SIV. One appears to be infected with SIV, as previously reported. These data suggest that persons who work with NHP or with NHP material are at risk for occupational exposure to potentially infectious materials including SIV. Prevention strategies are needed to reduce the risk for needlesticks and mucocutaneous exposures around all NHP, and safety guidelines should emphasize prevention options for invasive tasks performed with animals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,STD,TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS,STD,TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NIH,DIV SAFETY,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA YH410 UT WOS:A1997YH41000002 PM 9437261 ER PT J AU Bowen, MD Gelbmann, W Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Nowotny, N AF Bowen, MD Gelbmann, W Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Nowotny, N TI Puumala virus and two genetic variants of Tula virus are present in Austrian rodents SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bunyaviridae; Hantavirus; Microtus arvalis; Clethrionomys glareolus; PCR ID SEVERE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; GENOME STRUCTURE; DOBRAVA VIRUS; MUS-MUSCULUS; DOMESTIC CAT; HANTAVIRUS; YUGOSLAVIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Puumala and Tula viruses are hantaviruses found in Europe and are associated with the rodents Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus arvalis, respectively. Puumala virus is associated with the human disease nephropathia epidemica. In Austria, ten clinically diagnosed cases of nephropathia epidemica, presumably caused by Puumala virus infection, have been reported but not virologically confirmed [Leschinskaya et al., 1991; Aberle et al., 1996]. To identify the hantaviruses that are present in Austria, five species of rodents were trapped and screened for virus antibodies, antigen, and RNA. Hantaviruses were detected in two species, Cl. glareolus and M. arvalis, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR products from Cl. glareolus tissues yielded a unique Puumala virus sequence distinct from Puumala virus sequences reported from other parts of Europe. RT-PCR products from M. arvalis tissues yielded two genetically distinct Tula virus sequences, one similar to sequences reported from Slovakia and the Czech Republic and another that appears to be a novel genetic variant of Tula virus. This is the first confirmed report of hantaviruses in Austria. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 VET UNIV VIENNA, INST VIROL, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA. RP Bowen, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 53 IS 2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199710)53:2<174::AID-JMV11>3.0.CO;2-J PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA XZ466 UT WOS:A1997XZ46600011 PM 9334930 ER PT J AU Ballew, C White, LL Strauss, KF Benson, LJ Mendlein, JM Mokdad, AH AF Ballew, C White, LL Strauss, KF Benson, LJ Mendlein, JM Mokdad, AH TI Intake of nutrients and food sources of nutrients among the Navajo: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Navajo; American Indian; diet survey; nutrition ID NHANES-II SURVEY; QUANTITATIVE DATA; AMERICAN DIET AB Diet has been implicated in the etiology of chronic diseases in many populations, including the Navajo and other American Indian tribes. This report describes the current nutrient intake of the Navajo and identifies the primary food sources of key nutrients. In the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey, interviewers obtained single 24-h diet recalls from 946 nonpregnant participants age 12-91 between October 1991 and December 1992. Among various sex and age groups, total fat contributed 33-35% of energy and saturated fat contributed 10-11% of energy in the diets. Median fiber intake was 11-14 g/d. Median intakes of vitamin A: vitamin E, vitamin B-6, folate, calcium and magnesium were below sex-and age-specific recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for men and women of all age groups. Intake of vitamin C was below the RDA for men and women age 20 and older. Median iron intake was below the RDA for women under age 60. Fruits and vegetables were each consumed less than once per day per person, as were dairy products. Fry bread and Navajo tortillas, home-fried potatoes, mutton, bacon and sausage, soft drinks, coffee and tea provided 41% of the energy and 15-46% of the macronutrients consumed. Recommendations to increase the intake of essential micronutrients in the Navajo diet are presented. C1 NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033. INDIAN HLTH SERV,NUTR & DIETET SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. SCOTTSDALE MEM HOSP,DEPT FOOD & NUTR,SCOTTSDALE,AZ 85251. RP Ballew, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2085 EP S2093 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600003 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Serdula, MK Percy, CA Ballew, C White, L AF Freedman, DS Serdula, MK Percy, CA Ballew, C White, L TI Obesity, levels of lipids and glucose, and smoking among Navajo adolescents SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adolescents; American Indians; lipids; glucose; diabetes mellitus; body weight ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INDIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NATIONAL-HEALTH; BODY-WEIGHT AB Although there is a high prevalence of overweight among Navajo children and adolescents, other risk factors for chronic disease in this population have received little attention. We therefore examined the distribution and interrelationships of overweight, cigarette smoking, blood pressure and plasma levels of lipids and glucose among 160 Navajo 12- to 19-y-olds. In agreement with previous reports, participants were similar to 2 kg/m(2) heavier than adolescents in the general U.S. population, and the prevalence of overweight (>85th percentile) was 35-40%. Levels of total cholesterol and blood pressure were similar to those in the general U.S. population, but Navajo adolescents had a 5-10 mg/dL lower median level of HDL cholesterol, and a 30 mg/dL higher median triglyceride level, Eight percent of the adolescents examined had either impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus as assessed through an oral glucose tolerance test (n = 10) or self-report (n = 1). Relative weight: (kg/m(2)) was associated with adverse levels of lipids, lipoproteins and glucose, with overweight adolescents having a fivefold greater risk for elevated triglyceride levels than other adolescents. Tobacco use was fairly prevalent among boys (24% cigarettes, 23% smokeless tobacco), but not girls (9% cigarettes, 3% smokeless tobacco), Because of its associations with other risk factors and with various chronic diseases in later life, it may be beneficial to focus on the primary prevention of obesity among Navajo children and adolescents. C1 NO NAVAJO MED CTR,SHIPROCK,NM 87420. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2120 EP S2127 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600008 PM 9339179 ER PT J AU Mendlein, JM Freedman, DS Peter, DG Allen, B Percy, CA Ballew, C Mokdad, AH White, LL AF Mendlein, JM Freedman, DS Peter, DG Allen, B Percy, CA Ballew, C Mokdad, AH White, LL TI Risk factors for coronary heart disease among Navajo Indians: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Navajo-Area-Indian-Health-Service Staff Meeting CY DEC 13, 1996 CL FARMINGTON, NM SP Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv DE coronary heart disease; American Indians; lipids; diabetes; body weight ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; AMERICAN-INDIANS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; OBESITY; CHOLESTEROL; ASSOCIATION; NATIVES; FAT AB Coronary heart disease was uncommon among the Navajo in the past, but appears to have increased substantially over the last few decades. The 1991-1992 Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey, which included interviews and examinations of 303 men and 485 women between the ages of 20 and 91 y, is the first population-based examination of coronary heart disease risk factors in this tribe. Coronary heart disease risk characteristics were common, particularly overweight (men, 35%; women, 62%), hypertension (men, 23%; women, 14%) and diabetes mellitus (men, 17%; women, 25%). Among 20- to 39-y-olds, a large proportion of men reported that they currently smoked cigarettes (23%); use of chewing tobacco or snuff was also prevalent among these 20- to 39-y-old men (37%) and women (31%). Although serum concentrations of total cholesterol were fairly comparable to those seen in the general U.S. population, fasting serum triglyceride concentrations were high (median: men, 132 mg/dL; women, 137 mg/dL), and concentrations of HDL cholesterol were low, particularly among women (median: men, 42 mg/dL; women, 44 mg/dL), Body mass index was associated with levels of most risk factors, and, independently of the level of overweight, a truncal pattern of body fat was related to adverse lipid levels among men, A large proportion of men (20%) and women (30%) reported not having participated in physical activity during the preceding month. Lessons learned from past intervention activities among the Navajo, particularly those for diabetes, may be useful in managing these risk factors to reduce the future burden of coronary heart disease. C1 NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,WINDOW ROCK,AZ 86505. TSAILE HLTH CTR,TSAILE,AZ 86556. COMMUNITY HLTH SERV,SHIPROCK SERV UNIT,SHIPROCK,NM 87420. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033. RP Mendlein, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2099 EP S2105 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600005 PM 9339176 ER PT J AU Percy, C Freedman, DS Gilbert, TJ White, L Ballew, C Mokdad, A AF Percy, C Freedman, DS Gilbert, TJ White, L Ballew, C Mokdad, A TI Prevalence of hypertension among Navajo Indians: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE hypertension; blood pressure; American Indians; diabetes; body weight ID AMERICAN-INDIANS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALASKA NATIVES; POPULATION AB Hypertension and other chronic diseases are becoming increasingly important health problems for many Native American people, including the Navajo. A community-based survey that included three standardized measurements of blood pressures, was conducted during 1991-92 on the Navajo Reservation. Among the 780 adults examined, the overall age-standardized prevalence of hypertension, defined as an elevated systolic (greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg) or diastolic (greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg) blood pressure, or possession of prescription antihypertensive medications, was 19% (24% among men and 15% among women). The prevalence of hypertension increased with age and relative weight, and among men, was associated with diabetes mellitus. Among women, hypertension was associated with a central distribution of body fat, cigarette smoking, self-reported diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. Although only 50% of the persons found to have elevated blood pressure at the examination reported they had been previously told that they had hypertension, persons who had been previously diagnosed with hypertension had a slightly higher rate (similar to 60%) of blood pressure control than that seen in the general U.S. population. On the basis of these results, the prevalence of hypertension among the Navajo appears to have substantially increased since the 1930s. improved prevention and management of hypertension, especially for overweight and diabetic individuals, may reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and renal disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ. RP Percy, C (reprint author), NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,COMMUNITY HLTH SERV,SHIPROCK SERV UNIT,SHIPROCK,NM 87420, USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2114 EP S2119 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600007 ER PT J AU Strauss, KF Mokdad, A Ballew, C Mendlein, JM Will, JC Goldberg, HI White, L Serdula, MK AF Strauss, KF Mokdad, A Ballew, C Mendlein, JM Will, JC Goldberg, HI White, L Serdula, MK TI The health of Navajo women: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey, 1991-1992 SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Navajo women; cancer screening; chronic disease; American Indians; pregnancy ID AMERICAN-INDIANS; 1ST YEAR; MAMMOGRAPHY; BREAST; PREGNANCY; COMMUNITY; OBESITY; LIFE AB Cancer-screening behaviors, reproductive history, risk behaviors during pregnancy and chronic disease risk factors were examined in a representative sample of 566 Navajo women residing on the Navajo Reservation in 1991-1992. Among ail women 15 y and order, 59% were overweight, 4% were current smokers, 10% currently used smokeless tobacco and 12% were anemic. Seventy-one percent of Navajo women aged 18 and older reported ever having had a Pap smear, but only 35% of women aged 50 and over reported ever having had a mammogram. Among parous women, the prevalence of having received no prenatal care for any pregnancy declined from 60% among women 60 and older to 13% among women 20-29 y of age, and the prevalence of ever having had a child born al home declined from 82 to 2%. These data suggest marked secular improvement in these pregnancy-related risk behaviors, However, data on cancer-screening behaviors indicate opportunities to improve health of Navajo women by increasing their use of mammography and Pap smear screening services. C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033. RP Strauss, KF (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV,NUTR & DIETET SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2128 EP S2133 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600009 ER PT J AU White, LL Ballew, C Gilbert, TJ Mendlein, JM Mokdad, AH Strauss, KF AF White, LL Ballew, C Gilbert, TJ Mendlein, JM Mokdad, AH Strauss, KF TI Weight, body image, and weight control practices of Navajo Indians: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Navajo-Area-Indian-Health-Service Staff Meeting CY DEC 13, 1996 CL FARMINGTON, NM SP Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv DE Navajo Indians; weight control; chronic disease ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; AMERICAN-INDIANS; ALASKA NATIVES; OBESITY; PREVALENCE AB Historically, the Navajo exhibited a low prevalence of overweight, but a number of small studies over the past few decades indicate that the prevalence is increasing, In the population-based Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1991-92, overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) at or above the 85th percentile (BMI > 27.8 for men, > 27.3 for women) of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. One third of men age 20 and 39 and one half of men age 40 and 59, but fewer than 10% of men age 60 and older were overweight. Two thirds or more of women in all age groups were overweight. Nineteen percent of the participants underestimated their weight status (underweight, appropriate, overweight) relative to their BMI category and 17% overestimated their weight status. Women overestimated their weight status more often than men (P < 0.05), and participants age 20-39 overestimated their weight status more often than older participants (P < 0.001), Men and women age 60 and older preferred heavier body shape models as ideals of health more often than younger participants (P < 0.001). Nearly half of the participants, regardless of their weight status, reported chat they were trying to lose weight; most reported using diet and exercise. Because overweight is an important risk factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, primary prevention of overweight and weight management for adults are recommended to prevent an increase in the burden of chronic disease among the Navajo. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,NATIVE AMER CTR EXCELLENCE,SEATTLE,WA 98121. INDIAN HLTH SERV,NUTR & DIETET SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP White, LL (reprint author), NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2094 EP S2098 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600004 ER PT J AU White, LL Goldberg, HI Gilbert, TJ Ballew, C Mendlein, JM Peter, DG Percy, CA Mokdad, AH AF White, LL Goldberg, HI Gilbert, TJ Ballew, C Mendlein, JM Peter, DG Percy, CA Mokdad, AH TI Rationale, design and methodology for the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Navajo; health status; chronic disease; survey ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; INDIANS; COMMUNITY; MONTANA AB As recently as 1990, there was no reservation-wide, population-based health status information about Navajo Indians. To remedy this shortcoming, the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey was conducted from 1991 to 1992 to assess the health and nutritional status of Navajo Reservation residents using a population-based sample, Using a three-stage design, a representative sample at reservation households was selected for inclusion, All members of selected households 12 y of age and older were invited to participate. A total of 985 people in 459 households participated in the study, Survey protocols were modeled an those of previous national surveys and included a standard blood chemistry profile, complete blood count, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, a single 24-h dietary recall and a questionnaire on health behaviors. The findings from this survey, reported in the accompanying papers, inform efforts to prevent and control chronic disease among the Navajo, Lessons learned from this survey may be of interest to those conducting similar surveys in other American Indian and Alaska Native populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,NATL AMER CTR EXCELLENCE,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,WINDOW ROCK,AZ 86515. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,COMMUNITY HLTH SERV,SHIPROCK SERV UNIT,SHIPROCK,AZ. RP White, LL (reprint author), NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2078 EP S2084 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600002 ER PT J AU Will, JC Strauss, KF Mendlein, JM Ballew, C White, LL Peter, DG AF Will, JC Strauss, KF Mendlein, JM Ballew, C White, LL Peter, DG TI Diabetes mellitus among Navajo Indians: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Navajo-Area-Indian-Health-Service Staff Meeting CY DEC 13, 1996 CL FARMINGTON, NM SP Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv DE diabetes mellitus; North American Indians; Southwestern United States; glucose tolerance test ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PREVALENCE; COMPLICATIONS; COMMUNITY AB Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a major health problem among most American Indian tribes. This is the first population-based reservation-wide study of the Navajo that has used oral glucose tolerance testing to determine diabetes status. Employing WHO criteria, we found an age-standardized prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) of 22.9% among persons aged 20 y and older, This prevalence is 40% higher than any previous age-standardized estimate for the Navajo and four times higher than the age-standardized U.S. estimate. More than 40% of Navajo aged 45 y and older had DM. about one third of those with DM were unaware of it, with men more likely to be unaware than women. Among persons with a medical history of DM, almost 40% had fasting plasma glucose values greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL. Persons with DM were heavier, more sedentary and more likely to have a family history of DM than were persons without DM. Persons with DM had more hypertension, lower HDL levels and higher triglyceride levels than their counterparts without DM. Insulin usage was infrequent among persons with a history of DM, and about one third of women with such a history used no medical therapy to control their diabetes. Although important measures to combat diabetes have already been undertaken by the Navajo, additional efforts are required to slow the progression of this disease and prevent its sequelae. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,NUTR & DIETET SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,KAYENTA SERV UNIT,KAYENTA,AZ 86033. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,WINDOW ROCK,AZ 86515. RP Will, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 127 SU 10 BP S2106 EP S2113 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YA776 UT WOS:A1997YA77600006 PM 9339177 ER PT J AU Lee, BW Kelsey, KT Hashimoto, D Yakes, B Seitz, T Christiani, DC AF Lee, BW Kelsey, KT Hashimoto, D Yakes, B Seitz, T Christiani, DC TI The prevalence of pulmonary and upper respiratory tract symptoms and spirometric test findings among newspaper pressroom workers exposed to solvents SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRADE-UNION MEMBERS; PRINTING INDUSTRY; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; MANCHESTER; MORTALITY; PRINTERS; CANCER AB To investigate the relationship between exposure to organic solvents and the presence of pulmonary and upper respiratory tract mucous membrane symptoms, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 215 newspaper pressroom workers who were occupationally exposed to organic solvent and lubricant mixtures. Thirty-four compositors, who were not occupationally exposed to the solvents or lubricants, served as controls. Pressroom workers and compositors underwent spirometric testing and were also asked about the presence of cough, phlegm, hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, nose or throat irritation, eye irritation, and sinus trouble. The spirometric results did not significantly differ between the two groups. However the pressroom workers were significantly more likely to report pulmonary or upper respiratory tract mucous membrane symptoms than were compositors (P < 0.005). Ain exposure-response relationship could be demonstrated when comparing the number of solvents exposed with the total number of symptoms (P < 0.001). Similarly, an exposure-response relationship could be demonstrated when comparing the frequency of use of each of the seven solvents with the total number of symptoms (P < 0.002). Each of these findings was supported in a multivariable linear regression model that adjusted for potential confounders such as age, smoking history, and number of years in the industry. A high prevalence of these symptoms was reported even though the degree of exposure to solvents and lubricants was within the current permissible exposure limits. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,PULM & CRIT CARE UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02114. MASSACHUSETTS RESP HOSP,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,S BRAINTREE,MA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,LAB RADIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Kelsey, Karl/I-1252-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, 5 T32 ESO7069] NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 39 IS 10 BP 960 EP 969 DI 10.1097/00043764-199710000-00008 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YA641 UT WOS:A1997YA64100006 PM 9343761 ER PT J AU Everett, SA Kann, L McReynolds, L AF Everett, SA Kann, L McReynolds, L TI The youth risk behavior surveillance system: Policy and program applications SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; SUBSTANCE USE; ADOLESCENTS AB To monitor behaviors which place adolescents at increased risk for premature morbidity and mortality, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). The YRBSS measures six categories of behaviors: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection; dietary behaviors; and physical activity. This article summarizes how some education agencies, in collaboration with health agencies, community agencies, school boards, parents, and youth are using YRBSS data to describe risk behaviors, create awareness, set program goals, develop programs, support health-related legislation, and seek funding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Everett, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1997 VL 67 IS 8 BP 333 EP 335 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YL797 UT WOS:000070993800005 PM 9425608 ER PT J AU Greene, VA Chu, SY Diaz, T Schable, B AF Greene, VA Chu, SY Diaz, T Schable, B TI Oral health problems and use of dental services among HIV-infected adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS PATIENTS; POSITIVE PATIENTS; NATIONAL SURVEY; CARE; PEOPLE; ACCESS; ATTITUDES; RISK AB Between January and May 1994, a 14-question survey regarding oral symptoms and use of dental care services was added to a multistate interview project of adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Results indicate that there are disparities and perceived barriers among HIV-infected adults seeking and receiving dental care. Improved dental care services for all HIV-infected people should include better patient and provider awareness of HIV-related oral conditions, more-affordable treatment and expansion of dental insurance coverage. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHARLES R DREW UNIV MED & SCI,GEN PRACTICE RESIDENCY,LOS ANGELES,CA 90059. GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98101. NEW YORK ACAD MED,NEW YORK,NY. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 128 IS 10 BP 1417 EP 1422 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XZ252 UT WOS:A1997XZ25200017 PM 9332143 ER PT J AU Dietrich, N Pruden, S Ksiazek, TG Morzunov, SP Camp, JW AF Dietrich, N Pruden, S Ksiazek, TG Morzunov, SP Camp, JW TI A small-scale survey of hantavirus in mammals from Indiana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody; hantavirus; Peromyscus leucopus; Sin Nombre virus; survey ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; RNA AB In order to determine if hantaviruses were present in mice and other small mammals in Indiana (USA), small mammals were trapped in Brown, LaPorte, Tippecanoe and Whitley counties. Sixty-seven small mammals were trapped during August and September 1994. Sixty-three Peromyscus leucopus, one Microtus pennsylvanicus, one Zapus hudsonius and two Blarina brevicauda were captured and tested for hantaviruses. Six P. leucopus were found to have antibody to Sin Nombre virus (SN) by IgG ELISA, and a 139 bp fragment of SN-like hantavirus was amplified from five of them. All six of the positive P. leucopus were from LaPorte County. No other small mammals had evidence of infection with SN virus. This study presents the first report of Sin Nombre-like hantavirus in P. leucopus from Indiana. C1 PURDUE UNIV N CENT,DEPT SCI BIOL,WESTVILLE,IN 46391. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1RO1AI36418, 1PO1AI39808-01] NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 818 EP 822 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YD641 UT WOS:A1997YD64100015 PM 9391967 ER PT J AU Creel, S Creel, NM Munson, L Sanderlin, D Appel, MJG AF Creel, S Creel, NM Munson, L Sanderlin, D Appel, MJG TI Serosurvey for selected viral diseases and demography of African wild dogs in Tanzania SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE African wild dog; canine distemper; conservation; demography; Lycaon pictus; parvovirus; rabies; serology ID CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; LYCAON-PICTUS; NATIONAL-PARK; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; MASAI-MARA; SERENGETI; POPULATION; PARVOVIRUS; KENYA; INFECTION AB African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are endangered, with only 3,000-5,000 remaining in the wild. It is believed that wild dogs are unusually vulnerable to viral diseases, particularly rabies and canine distemper (CDV). However, canine distemper has been confirmed by laboratory diagnosis in only one free-living wild dog. The 43,000 km(2) Selous Game Reserve (SGR; Tanzania) holds approximately 900 adult wild dogs. In a study area of 2,600 km(2), the population maintained high density (greater than or equal to 1 dog/20.5 km(2)) from 1991 to 1996. The population was stable, varying 18% below and 9% above the mean density over the 6-yr period. Serum samples (n = 22) collected over 3 yr showed that most individuals were exposed to CDV (59%: 95% confidence interval = 43-76% seropositive) and canine parvovirus (68%: 95% CI = 54-81% seropositive), although none were seropositive for rabies (0%: 95% CI = 0-17%). CDV titers were positively related to age, with no seropositive dogs younger than 1.9 yr. At least five of 13 dogs positive for CDV seroconverted during the study. Dogs with high CDV titers did not survive better in the years after sampling (mean survival +/- SE for those that died = 638 +/- 92 days,). Variation in mean litter size was inversely related to CPV exposure in the SGR and elsewhere. Annual mortality rates were low in comparison to other populations for all age classes (pups: 31 +/- 8%, n = 127, yearlings: 22 +/- 10%, n = 93, adults: 20 +/- 6%, n = 235). Annual mortality rates fluctuated little between 1992 and 1996. These data show that wild dog populations, like those of other canids, can remain stable and demographically healthy despite exposure to CDV and CPV. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,JAMES A BAKER INST ANIM HLTH,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Creel, S (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 33 IS 4 BP 823 EP 832 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YD641 UT WOS:A1997YD64100016 PM 9391968 ER PT J AU Walker, DH Feng, HM Ladner, S Billings, AN Zaki, SR Wear, DJ Hightower, B AF Walker, DH Feng, HM Ladner, S Billings, AN Zaki, SR Wear, DJ Hightower, B TI Immunohistochemical diagnosis of typhus rickettsioses using an anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemistry; lipopolysaccharide; monoclonal antibody; murine typhus; Rickettsia; typhus fever ID MURINE TYPHUS; SPOTTED-FEVER; INFECTION AB A monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope on the lipopolysaccharide of typhus-group rickettsiae was developed for the purpose of detecting this heat-stable, proteinase-resistant antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Rickettsia prowazekii organisms were identified in endothelium and macrophages in sections of the brains of three Egyptian men who died of epidemic louse-borne typhus in Cairo during World War II and in the brain from a recent case of typhus fever acquired in Burundi. R. typhi organisms were identified in endothelial cells from a fatal case of murine typhus and in experimentally infected mice. This approach is applicable not only to the study of archival tissues and experimental animal models but also could be used to establish a timely diagnosis of typhus-group rickettsiosis by immunohistochemical examination of cutaneous biopsies of rash lesions during the acute stage of illness. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,CTR TROP DIS,GALVESTON,TX 77550. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. RP Walker, DH (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,301 UNIV BLVD,1-116 KEILLER BLDG,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 21242] NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1038 EP 1042 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA YB118 UT WOS:A1997YB11800011 PM 9346184 ER PT J AU Weil, GJ Lammie, PJ Weiss, N AF Weil, GJ Lammie, PJ Weiss, N TI The ICT filariasis test: A rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING PARASITE ANTIGEN; IMMITIS-INFECTED DOGS; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; BRUGIA-MALAYI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; ELISA; JIRDS; SERA AB Antigen testing is now recognized as the method of choice for detection of Wuchereria bancrofti infections. Unlike tests that detect microfilariae, antigen tests can be performed with blood collected during the day or night. However, existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for filarial antigenemia are difficult to perform in the field, and this has limited their use in endemic countries. In this article, Gary Weil, Patrick Lammie and Niggi Weiss review their experience with a new rapid-format filarial antigen test. They found that the ICT card test was very easy to perform and that it was comparable with ELISA for the detection of filarial antigen in sera from people with microfilaremia. The introduction now of an antigen test suitable for use in the field is especially timely, in that it may facilitate implementation of new strategies proposed by the World Health Organization for control and elimination of lymphatic filariasis. C1 BARNES JEWISH HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SWISS TROP INST,CH-4002 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. RP Weil, GJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,216 S KINGSHIGHWAY,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. NR 22 TC 253 Z9 258 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 10 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S0169-4758(97)01130-7 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XX702 UT WOS:A1997XX70200010 PM 15275155 ER PT J AU Torok, TJ Kilgore, PE Clarke, MJ Holman, RC Bresee, JS Glass, RI Odom, J Goodenough, F Nelson, R Hardy, C Inderlied, CB Bovey, S Hartin, MS Margesson, K Lee, MH Robinson, CC Egbertson, S Huber, KM Reichwein, B Julian, SL Marchetti, NJ Christensen, ML Mazza, A Smaron, MF Frank, A Mason, TJ Swack, NS Creek, PA Luttrell, D Sundin, DR Doucet, C Jamison, RM Morin, M Hammond, PG Spencer, S Doveikis, SA Turner, N Guskey, L Humphries, JE Abel, D Bonnot, T Buller, R Hanauer, JM Norberg, L Yam, P Cavalieri, S Kelly, D Rantz, H Aiazzi, DK Fortier, WF Vasallo, M Perez, G Oty, GW Armstrong, GV RiepenhoffTalty, M Leonardi, G Lipson, SN Hartley, C Miller, SE Ulmer, G AF Torok, TJ Kilgore, PE Clarke, MJ Holman, RC Bresee, JS Glass, RI Odom, J Goodenough, F Nelson, R Hardy, C Inderlied, CB Bovey, S Hartin, MS Margesson, K Lee, MH Robinson, CC Egbertson, S Huber, KM Reichwein, B Julian, SL Marchetti, NJ Christensen, ML Mazza, A Smaron, MF Frank, A Mason, TJ Swack, NS Creek, PA Luttrell, D Sundin, DR Doucet, C Jamison, RM Morin, M Hammond, PG Spencer, S Doveikis, SA Turner, N Guskey, L Humphries, JE Abel, D Bonnot, T Buller, R Hanauer, JM Norberg, L Yam, P Cavalieri, S Kelly, D Rantz, H Aiazzi, DK Fortier, WF Vasallo, M Perez, G Oty, GW Armstrong, GV RiepenhoffTalty, M Leonardi, G Lipson, SN Hartley, C Miller, SE Ulmer, G TI Visualizing geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity in the United States, 1991 to 1996 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; disease outbreaks; epidemiology; gastroenteritis; kriging; rotavirus infections; seasons; spatial analysis; surveillance; United States ID CHILDREN; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNIZATION; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; FRANCE AB Background. Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide, A vaccine may soon be licensed for use in the United States to prevent this disease, To characterize US geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity, we made contour maps showing the timing of peak rotavirus activity. Methods, From July, 1991, through June, 1996, 79 laboratories participating in the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System reported on a weekly basis the number of stool specimens that tested positive for rotavirus, The peak weeks in rotavirus detections from each laboratory were mapped using kriging, a modeling technique originally developed for geostatistics. Results, During the B-year period 118 716 fecal specimens were examined, of which 27 616 (23%) were positive for rotavirus. Timing of rotavirus activity varied by geographic location in a characteristic pattern in which peak activity occurred first in the Southwest from October through December and last in the Northeast in April or May, The Northwest exhibited considerable year-to-year variability (range, December to May) in the timing of peak activity, whereas the temporal pattern in the remainder of the contiguous 48 states was relatively constant, Conclusion, Kriging is a useful method for visualizing geographic and temporal trends in rotavirus activity in the United States, This analysis confirmed trends reported in previous years, and it also identified unexpected variability in the timing of peak rotavirus activity in the Northwest, The causes of the seasonal differences in rotavirus activity by region are unknown, Tracking of laboratory detections of rotavirus may provide an effective surveillance tool to assess the impact of a rotavirus vaccination campaign in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. UNIV ARIZONA,MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. ARKANSAS CHILDRENS HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72202. LONG BEACH MEM MED CTR,LONG BEACH,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CHILDRENS HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,MED CTR,RAPID DIAGNOST LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UCSF,MT ZION MED CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. STANFORD UNIV HOSP,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,HARBOR MED CTR,TORRANCE,CA 90509. CHILDRENS HOSP,DENVER,CO 80218. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. YALE NEW HAVEN MED CTR,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. MED CTR DELAWARE,NEWARK,DE. EMORY,EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV HAWAII,SCH MED,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60614. COOK CTY HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV CHICAGO,MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. INDIANA UNIV HOSP,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV IOWA,STATE HYG LAB,IOWA CITY,IA. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. ALLIANT HLTH SYST,LOUISVILLE,KY. CHAR HOSP NEW ORLEANS,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CHILDRENS HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,SHREVEPORT,LA. MAINE MED CTR,PORTLAND,ME 04102. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. CHILDRENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02114. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,MED CTR,JACKSON,MS 39216. CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. ST LOUIS UNIV,CARDINAL GLENNON CHILDRENS HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. COMMUNITY MED CTR,MISSOULA,MT. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,OMAHA,NE. ST JOSEPHS HOSP,OMAHA,NE. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,OMAHA,NE. ASSOCIATED PATHOL LABS,LAS VEGAS,NV. WASHOE CITY MED CTR,RENO,NV. CONCORD HOSP,CONCORD,NH. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. ST MICHAELS HOSP,NEWARK,NJ 07102. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY. SUNY COLL BUFFALO,CHILDRENS HOSP BUFFALO,BUFFALO,NY 14222. NASSAU CTY MED CTR,E MEADOW,NY 11554. N SHORE UNIV HOSP,MANHASSET,NY 11030. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC. FARGO CLIN LTD,FARGO,ND. METROHLTH MED CTR,CLEVELAND,OH. CHILDRENS HOSP OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. GEISINGER MED CTR,DANVILLE,PA 17822. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. RICHLAND MEM HOSP,COLUMBIA,SC. GREENVILLE MEM HOSP,GREENVILLE,SC. UNIV S DAKOTA,SCH MED,SIOUX FALLS,SD. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,NASHVILLE,TN. DRISCOLL FDN CHILDRENS HOSP,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX. PROVIDENCE MEM HOSP,EL PASO,TX. ARMSTRONG LAB,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. UNIV HOSP,S TEXAS MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,PRIMARY CHILDRENS MED CTR,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. UNIV WASHINGTON,CHILDRENS HOSP,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CHARLESTON AREA MED CTR,CHARLESTON,WV. W VIRGINIA UNIV HOSP,MORGANTOWN,WV. UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI 53706. CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. MILWAUKEE HLTH DEPT,MILWAUKEE,WI. CLIN LABS,CHEYENNE,WY. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1097/00006454-199710000-00007 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YA647 UT WOS:A1997YA64700006 PM 9380468 ER PT J AU Unicomb, LE Kilgore, PE Faruque, ASG Hamadani, JD Fuchs, GJ Albert, J AF Unicomb, LE Kilgore, PE Faruque, ASG Hamadani, JD Fuchs, GJ Albert, J TI Anticipating rotavirus vaccines Hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea and estimates of disease burden in Bangladesh SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RURAL BANGLADESH; PHYSICAL GROWTH; CHILDREN; MALNUTRITION AB Objectives. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children worldwide, and a vaccine may soon be licensed and available for use in immunization programs. To assess the need for a rotavirus vaccine in Bangladesh, we estimated the disease burden of rotavirus diarrhea from national vital statistics for births and diarrheal deaths, together with hospital surveillance data on the proportion of severe childhood diarrhea attributed to rotavirus. Methods. From 1990 through 1993, hospital surveillance was conducted of a systematic, random 4% sample of > 80 000 patients with diarrhea who sought care each year at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Results. Rotavirus was detected in 20% (1561 of 7709) of fecal specimens from children with diarrhea <5 years of age; 92% of all cases (1436) occurred in children <2 years of age, but only 3% (50) of cases occurred in infants <3 months of age. Children infected with rotavirus were more likely to have watery stools (P < 0.001), severe vomiting (P < 0.001) but less severe dehydration (P = 0.007) than children infected with other enteropathogens. Conclusions. We estimate that in this setting, where 18% of children die by age 5 and about 25% of these succumb to diarrhea, between 14 850 and 27 000 of the 3 million Bangladeshi children born in 1994 will die of rotavirus by the age of 5 years, equivalent to 1 rotavirus death per 111 to 203 children, The estimated burden of rotavirus diarrhea in Bangladesh is sufficiently great to warrant field testing of rotavirus vaccines for possible inclusion in the current immunization program. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Unicomb, LE (reprint author), INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,GPO BOX 128,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 947 EP 951 DI 10.1097/00006454-199710000-00008 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YA647 UT WOS:A1997YA64700007 PM 9380469 ER PT J AU Craig, AS Reed, GW Mohon, RT Quick, ML Swarner, OW Moore, WL Schaffner, W AF Craig, AS Reed, GW Mohon, RT Quick, ML Swarner, OW Moore, WL Schaffner, W TI Neonatal tetanus in the United States: A sentinel event in the foreign-born SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pediatric-Infectious-Diseases-Society Symposium on New Questions and New Faces in Pediatric Infectious Diseases CY 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Pediat Infectious Dis DE tetanus; neonatal; immunization ID WORLD AB Background. Neonatal tetanus occurred in a 7-day-old infant born to Mexican immigrant parents in Tennessee in February, 1995. This was the first patient with neonatal tetanus reported in the United States since 1989. Methods, We interviewed the infant's mother and physicians and reviewed the medical record. We conducted a telephone survey of 103 (17%) of the 609 licensed obstetrician/gynecologists practicing in Tennessee to assess vaccination history-taking practices during prenatal care. Results. The mother was a 30-year-oId gravida 4 para 3 woman who grew up in rural Mexico, After moving to the United States in 1987, she had delivered two children before this delivery. The hospital-based delivery and nursery stay in February, 1995, were uncomplicated, On the sixth day of life the infant became irritable and developed muscle stiffness. The next day he was examined by a pediatrician who diagnosed neonatal tetanus. The infant recovered fully after a S-month hospitalization. The survey of obstetrical practices revealed that 61 (59%) of 103 respondents asked about the patient's vaccination status during prenatal care. However, of all respondents, only 14 (14%) confirmed that they specifically asked about prior tetanus vaccinations, Tetanus toroid was available in 47% of offices on the day of the survey, Conclusions. Neonatal tetanus can still occur in the United States. This infant's immigrant mother had multiple missed opportunities to be vaccinated against tetanus during her three pregnancies in this country. Health care providers should ask patients about their vaccination status, particularly those patients who are foreign-born or who grew up outside the United States. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,MED CTR N A1124,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JAMES H QUILLEN COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. TAKOMA MED GRP ASSOC,GREENEVILLE,TN. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,COMMUNICABLE & ENVIRONM DIS SERV,NASHVILLE,TN. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 955 EP 959 DI 10.1097/00006454-199710000-00010 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YA647 UT WOS:A1997YA64700009 PM 9380471 ER PT J AU Fischer, M Hedberg, K Cardosi, P Plikaytis, BD Hoesly, FC Steingart, KR Bell, TA Fleming, DW Wenger, JD Perkins, BA AF Fischer, M Hedberg, K Cardosi, P Plikaytis, BD Hoesly, FC Steingart, KR Bell, TA Fleming, DW Wenger, JD Perkins, BA TI Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pediatric-Infectious-Diseases-Society Symposium on New Questions and New Faces in Pediatric Infectious Diseases CY 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Pediat Infectious Dis DE Neisseria meningitidis; epidemiology; risk factors; smoking ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; POPULATION; INFECTIONS; CARRIAGE; PATHOGENESIS; MYCOPLASMA; OUTBREAK AB Background. Since 1992 the US Pacific Northwest has experienced a substantial increase in the incidence of serogroup B meningococcal disease. The current meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is poorly immunogenic in young children and does not protect against N. meningitidis serogroup B. Defining alternative approaches to the prevention and control of meningococcal disease is of considerable public health importance. Methods. We performed a case-control study comparing 129 patients in Oregon and southwest Washington with 274 age- and area-matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression analysis to determine which exposures remained associated with disease after adjusting for other risk factors and confounders and calculated the proportion of disease attributable to modifiable exposures. Results. After adjustment for all other significant exposures identified, having a mother who smokes was the strongest independent risk factor for invasive meningococcal disease in children <18 years of age [odds ratio (OR), 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 to 8.9)], with 37% (CI 15 to 65) of all cases in this age group potentially attributable to maternal smoking. Adult patients were more likely than controls to have a chronic underlying illness (OR 10.8, CI 12.7 to 43.3), passive tobacco smoke exposure (OR 2.5, CI 0.9 to 6.9) and to smoke tobacco (OR 2.4, CI 0.9 to 6.6). Dose-response effects were seen for passive smoke exposure and risk of disease in all age groups. Conclusion. Tobacco smoke exposure independently increases the risk of developing meningococcal disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTER & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. SW WASHINGTON HLTH DIST,VANCOUVER,WA. COWLITZ CTY HLTH DEPT,LONGVIEW,WA. NR 34 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 10 BP 979 EP 983 DI 10.1097/00006454-199710000-00015 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA YA647 UT WOS:A1997YA64700014 PM 9380476 ER PT J AU Canady, RA Hanley, JE Susten, AS AF Canady, RA Hanley, JE Susten, AS TI ATSDR science panel on the bioavailability of mercury in soils: Lessons learned SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; mercury; risk assessment; soil ingestion; ATSDR ID CHLORIDE; ABSORPTION; RETENTION; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM; MICE; RAT; AGE AB On the basis of discussion and analysis during and following an ATSDR science panel on the bioavailability of mercury in soils, it is apparent that the default assumption of 100% relative bioavailability for mercury-contaminated soils is excessively conservative. However, current knowledge does not allow the development of default assumptions or guidelines for determining relative bioavailability of mercury in soils. Until such default assumptions or guidelines can be developed, site-specific assays of bioavailability, preferably using either animal bioassays or validated in vitro techniques, may provide the best approach for estimating soil-mercury bioavailability. RP Canady, RA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 17 IS 5 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00894.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA YK071 UT WOS:A1997YK07100002 PM 9404043 ER PT J AU Malaquias, LCC Falcao, PL Silveira, AMS Gazzinelli, G Prata, A Coffman, RL Pizziolo, V Souza, CP Colley, DG CorreaOliveira, R AF Malaquias, LCC Falcao, PL Silveira, AMS Gazzinelli, G Prata, A Coffman, RL Pizziolo, V Souza, CP Colley, DG CorreaOliveira, R TI Cytokine regulation of human immune response to Schistosoma mansoni: Analysis of the role of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 on peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENIC RESPONSES; INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION; ANTIGEN PREPARATIONS; DOWN-REGULATION; EGG ANTIGENS; INFECTION; TH2; RESPONSIVENESS; INTERLEUKIN-10; PROLIFERATION AB The role of cytokines on the in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Schistosoma mansoni infected patients to soluble egg (SEA) and adult worm antigens (SWAP) were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that the proliferative response of PBMC from chronic intestinal (INT) patients to SEA and SWAP is increased by the blockage of IL-10 with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). The effects of these antibodies were readily reversed by the addition of recombinant IL-10. In contrast, no effect was observed on the PBMC response of acute and hepatosplenic patients (HS) in the presence of anti-IL-10. Anti-IL-4 antibodies decreased the PBMC response of the intestinal (INT) and HS individuals to SEA and SWAP, and the PBMC response of acute patients to SEA but not to SWAP. Addition of anti-IL-5 MAb did not decrease the PBMC response of acute patients to SEA or SWAP. These results suggested that IL-10 has an important role in the modulation of the immune response in chronic asymptomatic patients and that this cytokine may be an important factor in controlling morbidity. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,INST CIENCIAS BIOL,DEPT BIOQUIM & IMUNOL,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV VALE RIO DOCE,GOVERNADOR VALADARES,MG,BRAZIL. FAC MED TRIANGULO MINEIRO,UBERABA,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,US PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA. DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA. DNAX RES INST MOL & CELLULAR BIOL INC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RI Malaquias, Luiz Cosme/K-7210-2013 OI Malaquias, Luiz Cosme/0000-0002-4920-072X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 26505] NR 42 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 46 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-136.x PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA YA906 UT WOS:A1997YA90600013 PM 9350291 ER PT J AU Chaisilwattana, P Chuachoowong, R Siriwasin, W Bhadrakom, C Mangclaviraj, Y Young, NL Chearskul, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Mastro, TD Shaffer, N AF Chaisilwattana, P Chuachoowong, R Siriwasin, W Bhadrakom, C Mangclaviraj, Y Young, NL Chearskul, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Mastro, TD Shaffer, N TI Chlamydial and gonococcal cervicitis in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative pregnant women in Bangkok - Prevalence, risk factors, and relation to perinatal HIV transmission SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; THAILAND; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY; PROGRAM; CULTURE; HEALTH AB Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive and HIV-seronegative pregnant women in Bangkok, and the relation to perinatal HIV transmission, Methods: As part of a multicenter perinatal HIV transmission study in an antenatal population with 2% HIV seroprevalence, endocervical swabs obtained at mid-pregnancy from a consecutive sample of 222 HIV-seropositive and 219 HIV-seronegative pregnant women at two large hospitals in Bangkok were tested for the presence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by DNA hybridization probe (Gen-Probe), Clinical risk factors and DNA probe results were analyzed in relation to the women's and newborns' HIV infection status, Results: The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 16.2% in HIV-seropositive pregnant women and 9.1% in HIV-seronegative pregnant women (P = 0.03), The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae was 2.7% in HIV-seropositive pregnant women and 1.4% in HIV-seronegative pregnant women (P = 0.5), The overall population prevalence estimate was 9.2% for C. trachomatis and 1.4% for N. gonorrhoeae. Women with gonococcal infection were more likely to be positive for C. trachomatis (RRMH = 5.2, P < 0.01), Young age (<21 years) and primigravid status were associated with C. trachomatis infection among HIV-seropositive women; history of multiple sex partners (>1) were associated with C. trachomatis infection among HIV-seronegative women, For HIV-seropositive women, primigravida status also was associated with C. trachomatis infection. The perinatal HIV transmission rates were similar for those with and without C. trachomatis (24.1% and 23.2%, P = 0.9) and among those with and without N. gonorrhoeae (20% and 23.5%, P = 1.0), Conclusions: Among pregnant women in Bangkok, C. trachomatis infection was considerably more common than N. gonorrhoeae infection and was associated with HIV infection, young age and first pregnancy (HIV-seropositive women), and multiple partners (HIV-seronegative women), Our data do not suggest an association between perinatal HIV transmission and maternal C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection identified and treated during pregnancy, The high prevalence of C. trachomatis found using a test not readily available in Thailand emphasizes the need for improved, inexpensive ways to screen for and diagnose these sexually transmitted infections in developing countries. C1 MINIST PUBL HLTH,HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MINIST PUBL HLTH,RAJAVITHI HOSP,DEPT MED SERV,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MINIST PUBL HLTH,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT MED SERV,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NCHSTP,ATLANTA,GA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 24 IS 9 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1097/00007435-199710000-00001 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YA759 UT WOS:A1997YA75900001 PM 9339966 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Toomey, KE Dicker, LW Zaidi, AA Wroten, JE Carolina, J AF Peterman, TA Toomey, KE Dicker, LW Zaidi, AA Wroten, JE Carolina, J TI Partner notification for syphilis - A randomized, controlled trial of three approaches SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objective: To determine the cost and effectiveness of three approaches to partner notification for infectious syphilis, Study Design: People with syphilis were randomly assigned to: (1) notification of partners by patients themselves within 2 days or disease intervention specialists would notify them; (2) immediate notification by intervention specialist; or (3) immediate notification by intervention specialists, who had the option of drawing blood in the field, Costs of intervention specialists' time, travel, and overhead were measured, Intention-to-treat analysis measured outcomes per randomized index patient, Results: From December, 1990 through March, 1993, 1,966 index patients with syphilis (primary 9%; secondary 18%; and early latent 73%) were randomized in Broward County (Ft, Lauderdale), Florida (1,191); Tampa, Florida (569); and Paterson, New Jersey (206), Index patients reported 11,272 potentially exposed partners and sufficient information to initiate investigations for 2,761, Of these, 2,236 were located, 367 had newly identified infections, and 870 others received preventive treatment, The three partner notification approaches had similar success locating partners (1.1-1.2 per index patient) and treating partners (0.61-0.67 per index), The cost was $317 to $362 per partner treated; the optimal strategy differed by study site, Conclusions: Partner notification identified many infected and potentially infected people, The cost and effectiveness of the three types of provider notification were similar. Alternative approaches are needed to reach infected partners who could not be notified. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,MAILSTOP E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 24 IS 9 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1097/00007435-199710000-00003 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA YA759 UT WOS:A1997YA75900003 PM 9339968 ER PT J AU Araneta, MRG Moore, CA Olney, RS Edmonds, LD Karcher, JA McDonough, C Hiliopoulos, KM Schlangen, KM Gray, GC AF Araneta, MRG Moore, CA Olney, RS Edmonds, LD Karcher, JA McDonough, C Hiliopoulos, KM Schlangen, KM Gray, GC TI Goldenhar syndrome among infants born in military hospitals to Gulf War veterans SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULOAURICULOVERTEBRAL SPECTRUM; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PERSIAN-GULF; PATERNAL AGE; MANIFESTATIONS; COMPLEX; HEALTH AB Reports in the popular press described the occurrence of Goldenhar syndrome among children of Persian Gulf War veterans (GWVs). The objective of this investigation was to compare the birth prevalence of Goldenhar syndrome among infants born in military hospitals to GWVs and to military personnel who were not deployed to the Gulf War (NDVs). Computerized hospital discharge data were reviewed for infants conceived after the war and born prior to the 1st of October, 1993, in medical treatment facilities (MTFs) operated by the U.S. Department of Defense. Medical records were evaluated for infants diagnosed at birth with at least one abnormality that might be related to Goldenhar syndrome. Two pediatricians, blinded to the parental Gulf War status of each infant, reviewed records. An estimated 75,414 infants were conceived after the Gulf War and born in MTFs during the study period (34,069 GWV infants and 41,345 NDV infants). Seven infants fulfilled the case criteria (five GWV infants and two NDV infants). All infants had fathers who served in the military at the time of their conception and birth. The birth prevalence was 14.7 per 100,000 live births among GWV infants (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 5.4-36.4) and 4.8 per 100,000 live births (95% Cl: 0.8-19.5) among NDV infants (relative risk: 3.03; 95% Cl: 0.63-20.57; P values: [2-tailed] = 0.26, [1-tailed] = 0.16). The few affected cases and the broad confidence intervals surrounding the relative risk require that these results be interpreted with caution and do not exclude chance as an explanation for these findings. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Araneta, MRG (reprint author), USN,HLTH RES CTR,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,POB 85122,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. NR 46 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1997 VL 56 IS 4 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199710)56:4<244::AID-TERA3>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA YK106 UT WOS:A1997YK10600003 PM 9408975 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Dodd, RY Lackritz, EM AuBuchon, JP Birkmeyer, JD Petersen, LR AF Busch, MP Dodd, RY Lackritz, EM AuBuchon, JP Birkmeyer, JD Petersen, LR TI Value and cost-effectiveness of screening blood donors for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen as a way of detecting window-phase human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED AIDS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; NON-A; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; HIV-1 INFECTION; SURROGATE TESTS; RISK; TRANSMISSION AB BACKGROUND: The value of screening donors for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) for the prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis has declined markedly. However, anti-HBc screening may still be useful as a surrogate marker for the window period (WP) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: First, the relationship between anti-HBc reactivity and HIV-1 WP infections was examined among 225 donors who had seroconverted to anti-HIV-1 positivity between 1987 and 1990. In addition, data from 1654 HIV-1-seropositive donors were analyzed to characterize the relationship among anti-HBc reactivity, donor demographics, and HIV-1-related risk factors. The yield and cost-effectiveness of anti-HBc for HIV-1 prevention were then projected on the basis of a published decision analysis model. RESULTS: Forty (18%) of 225 HIV-1-seroconverting donors tested anti-HBc-reactive on the donation preceding anti-HIV-1 seroconversion; in contrast, 341 (34%) of 1014 HIV-1-seropositive donors interviewed tested anti-HBc-reactive (chi-square test; p<0.001). Anti-HBc reactivity was more common among HIV-1-seropositive donors reporting male-to-male sexual contact (169/360, 47%) and injection drug use (44/83, 53%) than among those with heterosexual contacts known to be HIV-1-positive (31/190, 16%) or transfusion exposure (3/21, 14%) or among females with no identified risk factors (21/124, 17%). The estimates of 18 to 34 percent sensitivity for anti-HBc in detecting HIV-1 WP donations and a current rate of 1 in 676,000 HIV-1 WP donations (after p24 antigen screening) suggest that continued use of anti-HBc screening could result in the transfusion of 5 to 12 fewer HIV-1-infected units per year in the United States, which would add 19 to 48 quality-adjusted years of life for the 3.5 million annual transfusion recipients at a cost of $992,020 to $2,345,000 per quality-adjusted life-year saved. CONCLUSION: The low yield and Very poor cost-effectiveness of anti-HBc screening indicate that this test is not an effective screening test for HIV-1 WP donations. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT LAB MED, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. AMER RED CROSS, JEROME HOFLAND LAB, TRANSMISSIBLE DIS DEPT, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, LEBANON, NH 03766 USA. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR, DEPT SURG, LEBANON, NH 03766 USA. RP IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR, 270 MASON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU-302965, CCU-902948] NR 51 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0041-1132 EI 1537-2995 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1997 VL 37 IS 10 BP 1003 EP 1011 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.371098016437.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YC865 UT WOS:A1997YC86500003 PM 9354817 ER PT J AU Fedson, DS Hirota, Y Shin, HK Cambillard, PE Kiely, J Ambrosch, F Hannoun, C Leese, J Sprenger, MJW Hampson, AW BroJorgensen, K Ahlbom, AM Nokleby, H Valle, M Olafsson, O Salmeron, F Cloetta, J deAndrade, HR Snacken, R Donatelli, I Jennings, LC Strikas, RA AF Fedson, DS Hirota, Y Shin, HK Cambillard, PE Kiely, J Ambrosch, F Hannoun, C Leese, J Sprenger, MJW Hampson, AW BroJorgensen, K Ahlbom, AM Nokleby, H Valle, M Olafsson, O Salmeron, F Cloetta, J deAndrade, HR Snacken, R Donatelli, I Jennings, LC Strikas, RA TI Influenza vaccination in 22 developed countries: an update to 1995 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccination; vaccination recommendations; vaccination reimbursements ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; WORKING ADULTS; JAPAN; CARE; SURVEILLANCE; EFFICACY; HEALTHY; EUROPE AB This study expands and updates through 1995 our earlier report on influenza vaccine use in 18 developed countries. Five of the six countries with high levels of vaccine use in 1992 (greater than or equal to 130 doses/1000 population) showed little change or slight declines over the subsequent 3 years. The exception was the United States, where a new federal program for vaccination reimbursement for the elderly helped to increase vaccine distribution from 144 to 239 dose/1000 population. The six countries with medium levels of vaccine use in 1992 (76-96 doses/1000 population) increased to greater than or equal to 100 doses/1000 population by 1995. Among the six low-use countries in 1992 (less than or equal to 65 dose/1000 population), only Finland showed substantial improvement (96 doses/1000 population) in 1995. Four new countries were added to the study. In Germany vaccine use increased to 80 doses/1000 population in 1995, but in Ireland it remained at a low level (48 doses/1000 population). In Korea, vaccine use increased from 17 to 95 doses/ 1000 population during the period 1987-1995. In Japan, very high levels of vaccine use (approximate to 280 doses/1000 population) in the early 1980s were associated with vaccination programs for school children. However, vaccine use fell precipitously when these programs were discontinued, and only 2 and 8 doses/1000 population were used in 1994 and 1995, respectively. In all 22 countries, higher levels of vaccine use were associated with vaccination reimbursement programs under national or social health insurance and were not correlated with different levels of economic development. Excluding Japan, in 1995 there was still a greater than fourfold difference between the highest and lowest levels of vaccine use among the other 21 countries in the study. Given its well established clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, none of these countries has yet achieved the full benefits of its programs for influenza vaccination. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 PASTEUR MERIEUX MSD,F-69367 LYON 07,FRANCE. KYUSHU UNIV,DEPT PUBL HLTH,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN. NATL INST HLTH,DEPT VIROL,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. CHIRON BEHRING GMBH & CO,MARBURG,GERMANY. DEPT HLTH,DUBLIN,IRELAND. UNIV VIENNA,INST SPECIF PROPHYLAXIS & TROP MED,A-1095 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. DEPT HLTH,LONDON SE1 6TE,ENGLAND. RIVM,DEPT INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. WHO,COLLABORATING CTR INFLUENZA REFERENCE & RES,MELBOURNE,VIC,AUSTRALIA. STATE SERUM INST,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. SBL VACCIN AB,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND. DIRECTORATE PUBL HLTH,REYKJAVIK,ICELAND. INST HLTH CARLOS III,NATL CTR PHARMACOBIOL,MAJADAHONDA,MADRID,SPAIN. SWISS FED OFF PUBL HLTH,BERN,SWITZERLAND. NATL INST HLTH,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,LISBON,PORTUGAL. SCI INST PUBL HLTH LOUIS PASTEUR,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. MINIST HLTH,IST SUPER SANITA,ROME,ITALY. CANTERBURY HLTH LABS,CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Rebelo-de-Andrade, Helena/E-1871-2014; iMed.ULisboa, iMed.ULisboa/C-6292-2014; iMed.ULisboa, HPI /B-4239-2014 OI Rebelo-de-Andrade, Helena/0000-0002-0138-0944; iMed.ULisboa, HPI /0000-0001-5934-0198 NR 19 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT PY 1997 VL 15 IS 14 BP 1506 EP 1511 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00091-1 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XX965 UT WOS:A1997XX96500005 PM 9330460 ER PT J AU Simondon, F Preziosi, MP Yam, A Kane, CT Chabirand, L Iteman, I Sanden, G Mboup, S Hoffenbach, A Knudsen, K Guiso, N Wassilak, S Cadoz, M AF Simondon, F Preziosi, MP Yam, A Kane, CT Chabirand, L Iteman, I Sanden, G Mboup, S Hoffenbach, A Knudsen, K Guiso, N Wassilak, S Cadoz, M TI A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine In Senegal SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pertussis; acellular vaccine; whole-cell vaccine; vaccine efficacy; clinical trial; Africa ID EFFICACY; BORDETELLA AB A randomized, double-blind trial comparing a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) (pertussis toxoid and filamentous hemagglutinin) with a whole-cell vaccine (DTwF) was conducted. A case-contact study was nested in the trial to estimate absolute efficacy. From 1990 through 1994, 4181 children were randomized to receive one of the vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months. Severe adverse events were monitored weekly during two visits after vaccination. Fewer serious adverse events were observed after DTaP. Surveillance for cough illnesses persisting more than 7 days, in children under 15 years of age, was made by weekly home visits. Examining physicians, blind to vaccination status, took samples for culture and serologic testing. Pertussis was defined as 21 or more days of cough confirmed by culture, serology, or contact with a culture-confirmed person. Beginning 28 days after the third vaccine dose, the overall ratio of pertussis incidence in the DTaP group relative to the DTwP group (RRac/wc) was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.23-1.93). In children younger than 18 months of age, RRac/wc was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.77-1.73) and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.33-2.33) in children older than 18 months, which suggests a shorter duration of protection with the acellular vaccine (P = 0.090). Absolute efficacy estimates derived from the case-contact study confirmed the lower protection afforded by the acellular vaccine compared with the whole-cell vaccine: 31% (95% CI, 7-49) versus 55% against the protocol case definition, and 85% (95% CI, 66-93) versus 96% for the more severe WHO case definition. Although vaccination with DTaP provided a lower degree of protection than the highly effective DTwP, this difference was less prominent before 18 months of age, the customary age for a fourth dose. The safer DTaP vaccine may prove a valuable substitute for whole-cell vaccines when used in a schedule that includes a booster dose. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ORSTOM,UNITE RECH MALAD INFECT & PARASITAIRES,DAKAR,SENEGAL. FAC MED CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,BACTERIOL LAB,DAKAR,SENEGAL. INST PASTEUR,CTR NATL REFERENCE BORDETELLES,PARIS,FRANCE. CDC,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PASTEUR MERIEUX SERUMS & VACCINS,DIRECT MED,MARNES COQUETTE,FRANCE. STATENS SERUM INST,EPIDEMIOL RES UNIT,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 165 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT PY 1997 VL 15 IS 15 BP 1606 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00100-X PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA YB298 UT WOS:A1997YB29800003 PM 9364690 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Monroe, MC Salas, RA Duno, G Utrera, A Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST deManzione, NMC Tovar, D Tesh, RB AF Fulhorst, CF Monroe, MC Salas, RA Duno, G Utrera, A Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST deManzione, NMC Tovar, D Tesh, RB TI Isolation, characterization and geographic distribution of Cano Delgadito virus, a newly discovered South American hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cano Delgadito virus; South American hantavirus; rodents; Venezuela ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; PULMONARY SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RODENT RESERVOIR; REITHRODONTOMYS; RATS AB Rodents collected from the Venezuelan Ilanos (plains) during field studies of viral hemorrhagic fever were tested for evidence of hantavirus infection. Hantavirus antibody was found in one (7.7%) of 13 Oryzomys bicolor, one (3.4%) of 29 Rattus rattus, 10 (6.0%) of 166 Sigmodon alstoni and one (2.2%) of 45 Zygodontomys brevicauda. Hantavirus-specific RNA was detected in lung tissues from four antibody-positive rodents: two S. alstoni from Portuguesa State and one S. alstoni each from Cojedes and Barinas States. A hantavirus isolate (herein identified as VHV-574) was recovered from lung tissue from a hantavirus RNA-positive S. alstoni collected from Portuguesa State. The results of serological tests and analyses of small and medium RNA segment nucleotide sequence data indicated that VHV-574 represents a novel hantavirus (proposed name 'CaBo Delgadito') that is distinct from all previously characterized hantaviruses. The results of analyses of nucleotide sequence data from the four hantavirus RNA-positive S. alstoni suggested that Cano Delgadito virus is widely distributed in the Venezuelan Ilanos. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NACL HIG RAFAEL RANGEL,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. UNIV NACL EXPT LOS LLANOS OCCIDENTALES E ZAMORA,GUANARE,PORTUGUESA,VENEZUELA. MINIST SANIDAD & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,GUANARE,PORTUGUESA,VENEZUELA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,CTR TROP DIS,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33983, AITW39800] NR 23 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)00091-9 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA YG154 UT WOS:A1997YG15400006 PM 9498614 ER PT J AU Tanaka, N Nakagawa, K Iwasaki, H Hosoya, K Kimata, K Araki, T Patterson, DG AF Tanaka, N Nakagawa, K Iwasaki, H Hosoya, K Kimata, K Araki, T Patterson, DG TI Polyallylamine-supported pseudo-stationary phases for electrokinetic chromatography - Effect of alkyl chain length of the pseudo-stationary phase and methanol content of aqueous buffer on the separation of hydrophobic compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale Techniques CY JAN 26-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL DE pseudo-stationary phases; polyallylamine supports; electrokinetic chromatography; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; ketones ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY; PSEUDOSTATIONARY PHASE; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; MICELLAR SOLUTION; MOBILE-PHASE; ELUTION; MODIFIERS; POLYMER AB Polymeric pseudo-stationary phases having alkyl (C-8-C-16) and carboxylate groups were prepared from commercially available polyallylamine (PAA). PAA was first alkylated with an alkyl bromide, then reacted with methyl acrylate, followed by the hydrolysis of the ester functionality. The PAA-supported pseudo-stationary phases, especially those with long alkyl chains, provided high efficiencies for alkyl phenyl ketones and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in a wide range of buffer-methanol mixtures. Migration times of the hydrophobic compounds, limited by the migration time of the carrier (t(c)) at low methanol content, showed a large increase at 40-60% methanol, and decreased due to the decrease in k' values at higher methanol content where large t(c) values were observed. The expansion of the migration time window occurred at a higher methanol content with the pseudo-stationary phase with the longer alkyl groups. Difference in the effect of methanol addition on the behavior of PAA derivatives with different alkyl groups can be attributed to the structural change of the polymeric pseudo-stationary phase resulting in the greater electrophoretic mobility relative to electroosmotic flow, and in turn large t(c) values. Simple preparation of the PAA-supported pseudo-stationary phase and the high efficiency will make electrokinetic chromatography using polymeric pseudo-stationary phases a promising tool for the separation of a wide of compounds including very hydrophobic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in simple water-methanol mixtures. (C) Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Tanaka, N (reprint author), KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 26 PY 1997 VL 781 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00638-9 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YC198 UT WOS:A1997YC19800018 ER PT J AU Whalen, CC Johnson, JL Okwera, A Hom, DL Huebner, R Mogyenyi, P Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ AF Whalen, CC Johnson, JL Okwera, A Hom, DL Huebner, R Mogyenyi, P Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ TI A trial of three regimens to prevent tuberculosis in Ugandan adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-REACTIONS; RISK; THERAPY; MALABSORPTION; MORTALITY AB Background Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) greatly increases the risk of reactivation tuberculosis. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of three preventive-therapy regimens in a setting where exposure to tuberculosis is common. Methods We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 2736 HIV-infected adults recruited in Kampala, Uganda. Subjects with positive tuberculin skin tests (induration, greater than or equal to 5 mm) with purified protein derivative (PPD) were randomly assigned to one of four regimens: placebo (464 subjects), isoniazid daily for six months (536), isoniazid and rifampin daily for three months (556), or isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide daily for three months (462). Subjects with anergy (0 mm induration in reaction to PPD and candida antigens) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (323 subjects) or six months of isoniazid (395). The medications were dispensed monthly and were self-administered. Results Among the PPD-positive subjects, the incidence of tuberculosis in the three groups that received preventive therapy was lower than the rate in the placebo group (P = 0.002 by the log-rank test). The relative risk of tuberculosis with isoniazid alone, as compared with placebo, was 0.33 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.77); with isoniazid and rifampin, 0.40 (0.18 to 0.86); and with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide, 0.51 (0.24 to 1.08). Among the subjects with anergy, the relative risk of tuberculosis was 0.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.34 to 2.04) with isoniazid as compared with placebo. Side effects were more common with the multidrug regimens, and particularly with the regimen containing pyrazinamide. Survival did not differ among the groups, but the subjects with anergy had a higher mortality rate than the PPD-positive subjects. Conclusions A six-month course of isoniazid confers short-term protection against tuberculosis among PPD-positive, HIV-infected adults. Multidrug regimens with isoniazid and rifampin taken for three months also reduce the risk of tuberculosis. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. UGANDAN MINIST HLTH,NATL TB & LEPROSY PROGRAMME,KAMPALA,UGANDA. JOINT CLIN RES CTR,KAMPALA,UGANDA. MAKERERE UNIV,KAMPALA,UGANDA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Whalen, CC (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,WG49,10900 EUCLID BLVD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [TW-00011-08]; PHS HHS [U78/CCU506716-04] NR 40 TC 299 Z9 303 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 18 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 12 BP 801 EP 808 DI 10.1056/NEJM199709183371201 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XW283 UT WOS:A1997XW28300001 PM 9295239 ER PT J AU Geyer, R VanLeuven, M Murphy, J Damrow, T Sastry, L Miller, S Goldoft, M Grendon, J Kobayashi, J StehrGreen, PA AF Geyer, R VanLeuven, M Murphy, J Damrow, T Sastry, L Miller, S Goldoft, M Grendon, J Kobayashi, J StehrGreen, PA TI Human rabies - Montana and Washington, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 770-774, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FT BELKNAP TRIBAL HLTH DEPT,HARLEM,MT. MONTANA STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH & HUMAN SERV,HELENA,MT. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,OLYMPIA,WA. CDC,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Geyer, R (reprint author), BENEFIS HOSP,GREAT FALLS,MT, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 11 BP 889 EP 890 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XV640 UT WOS:A1997XV64000007 ER PT J AU Martin, R Wilcox, KR AF Martin, R Wilcox, KR TI Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 765-766, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Martin, R (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,LANSING,MI 48909, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 11 BP 891 EP 892 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XV640 UT WOS:A1997XV64000009 ER PT J AU Johnston, RB Staples, DA AF Johnston, RB Staples, DA TI Knowledge and use of folic acid by women of childbearing age - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 721-723, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Johnston, RB (reprint author), MARCH DIMES BIRTH DEFECTS FDN,WHITE PLAINS,NY 10605, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 11 BP 892 EP 893 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XV640 UT WOS:A1997XV64000010 ER PT J AU Wortley, PM Fleming, PL AF Wortley, PM Fleming, PL TI AIDS in women in the United States - Recent trends SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; CRACK COCAINE USE; NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; SAN-FRANCISCO; CONDOM USE; EPIDEMIC; BEHAVIOR AB Context.-The effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on women is substantial and warrants an updated analysis. Objective.-To describe AIDS incidence trends in women. Design.-We analyzed national surveillance data on women 13 years of age and older with AIDS reported through June 1996. Data were adjusted for reporting delay, unreported risk, and the 1993 change in AIDS surveillance case definition to assess overall trends and examine trends by age group and birth cohort. Setting.-Surveillance conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with state and local health departments. Results.-In 1995, women accounted for 19% of AIDS cases in adults; AIDS incidence rates per 100 000 women were highest in black women (50.1), women in the Northeast (22.3), heterosexual contacts (5.5), and women living in metropolitan statistical areas with more than 1 million residents (15.9). Greatest increases in rates between 1991 and 1995 by region and mode of transmission were in the South and in heterosexual contacts. Greatest increases in AIDS incidence rates were observed in heterosexually infected women born between 1970 and 1974, ie, women who were 14 to 18 years old in 1988. Conclusions.-These trends predict continued growth of the number of AIDS cases in women, especially in those in the South and those infected heterosexually, and suggest that successive cohorts or young women may be at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection as they reach adolescence and young adulthood. Prevention programs must reach young women before they initiate sexual activity and drug use. RP Wortley, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 51 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 11 BP 911 EP 916 DI 10.1001/jama.278.11.911 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XV640 UT WOS:A1997XV64000029 PM 9302243 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Bell, DM Hughes, JM AF Schwartz, B Bell, DM Hughes, JM TI Preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance - A call for action by clinicians, public health officials, and patients SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE BRONCHITIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTICS; PHYSICIANS; DISEASE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 25 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 17 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 11 BP 944 EP 945 DI 10.1001/jama.278.11.944 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XV640 UT WOS:A1997XV64000035 PM 9302249 ER PT J AU Smith, DK Warren, DL Vlahov, D Schuman, P Stein, MD Greenberg, BL Holmberg, SD AF Smith, DK Warren, DL Vlahov, D Schuman, P Stein, MD Greenberg, BL Holmberg, SD TI Design and baseline participant characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemiology research (HER) study: A prospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus infection in US women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; cohort studies; disease progression; HIV; women ID DRUG-USERS; TRIALS; AIDS AB The prospective, multisite human immunodeficiency (HIV) Epidemiology Research Study was established to define the biologic, psychologic, and social effects of HIV infection on the health of US women. From 1993 to 1995, a total of 871 HIV-infected women and 439 demographically matched, uninfected women aged 16-55 years, half of whom reported injection drug use and half of whom reported only sexual risk behaviors, were recruited in four US cities. Two sites recruited primarily from medical/drug therapy care settings, and two recruited from community sources. Women consented to biannual interviews; physical examination; blood, urine, and cervicovaginal specimen collection and repository; laboratory assays; and abstraction of outpatient and inpatient medical records to document HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related diagnoses. Retention was greater than 88% al. the third 6-month follow-up. Lower retention was associated with currently injecting drugs, not having dependent children, and not being infected with HIV at enrollment. In addition to the core study, a variety of nested studies are under way, some in collaboration with other HIV cohorts and various Public Health Service agencies. This cohort is distinct from other HIV longitudinal cohorts in the diversity of its participants and the comprehensive range of measures to study prospectively the biomedical, social, and emotional effects of the HIV epidemic on infected women and those whose behavior puts them at high risk of infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV REPROD HLTH, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, BALTIMORE, MD USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, SCH MED, DIV INFECT DIS, DETROIT, MI USA. BROWN UNIV, RHODE ISL HOSP, AIDS PROGRAM, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR, AIDS RES PROGRAM, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. RP Smith, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT, 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 6 BP 459 EP 469 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XV263 UT WOS:A1997XV26300001 PM 9290506 ER PT J AU Rehm, JT Bondy, SJ Sempos, CT Vuong, CV AF Rehm, JT Bondy, SJ Sempos, CT Vuong, CV TI Alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; coronary disease; incidence; morbidity; mortality; risk ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; POPULATION; WITHDRAWAL; RISK AB Alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) but an increased risk of other causes of morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether there is an upper limit to a protective effect of alcohol intake on CHD risk. Whether there is a U-or an L-shaped relation between alcohol consumption and CHD incidence (hospitalization and mortality due to ischemic heart disease: International Classification of Diseases codes 410-414) is examined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I. Baseline data were collected in 1971-1975. Follow-up data through 1987 (14.6 years mean follow-up) were analyzed for 6,788 European-American males (n = 2,960) and females (n = 3,828) aged 40-75 years at baseline. Cox regression was used to assess the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of CHD. For females, an increased risk was found above 28 drinks per week relative to abstainers (relative risk = 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2-5.5), which was significant, but was based on small numbers. For males, no upturn in risk was found at higher intake. Mortality data supported these results. Sex differences should be explored further, since they are relevant to understanding causal mechanisms and public policy and prevention. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOSTAT,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DIV NUTR SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Rehm, JT (reprint author), ADDICT RES FDN,33 RUSSELL ST,TORONTO,ON M5S 2S1,CANADA. RI Rem, Jurgen/H-1309-2011; Bondy, Susan/C-6737-2014 OI Bondy, Susan/0000-0002-6516-4159 NR 41 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 6 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XV263 UT WOS:A1997XV26300005 PM 9290510 ER PT J AU Reisberg, BE Wurtz, R Diaz, P Francis, B Zakowski, P Fannin, S Sesline, D Waterman, S Sanderson, R McChesney, T Boddie, R Levy, M Miller, G Herrera, G AF Reisberg, BE Wurtz, R Diaz, P Francis, B Zakowski, P Fannin, S Sesline, D Waterman, S Sanderson, R McChesney, T Boddie, R Levy, M Miller, G Herrera, G TI Outbreak of leptospirosis among white-water rafters - Costa Rica, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 577-579, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. STANISLAUS CTY HLTH DEPT,MODESTO,CA. SAN JOAQUIN CTY HLTH DEPT,STOCKTON,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. HILLSBOROUGH CTY HLTH DEPT,TAMPA,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC. VIRGINIA STATE HLTH DEPT,RICHMOND,VA. MINIST HLTH,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. CDC,STATE BRANCH,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV PREVENT RES & ANALYT METHODS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BR,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DENGUE BR,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Reisberg, BE (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 808 EP 809 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200016 ER PT J AU ComoSabetti, K Reagan, S Allaire, S Parrott, K Simonds, CM Hrabowy, S Ritter, B Hall, W Altamirano, J Martin, R Downes, F Jennings, G Barrie, R Dorman, MF Keon, N Kucab, M AlShab, A RobinsonDunn, B Dietrich, S Moshur, L Reese, L Smith, J Wilcox, K Tilden, J Wojtala, G Park, JD Winnett, M Petrilack, L Vasquez, L Jenkins, S Barrett, E Linn, M Woolard, D Hackler, R Martin, H McWilliams, D Rouse, B Willis, S Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Pearson, J Beers, J Davis, R Saunders, D AF ComoSabetti, K Reagan, S Allaire, S Parrott, K Simonds, CM Hrabowy, S Ritter, B Hall, W Altamirano, J Martin, R Downes, F Jennings, G Barrie, R Dorman, MF Keon, N Kucab, M AlShab, A RobinsonDunn, B Dietrich, S Moshur, L Reese, L Smith, J Wilcox, K Tilden, J Wojtala, G Park, JD Winnett, M Petrilack, L Vasquez, L Jenkins, S Barrett, E Linn, M Woolard, D Hackler, R Martin, H McWilliams, D Rouse, B Willis, S Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Pearson, J Beers, J Davis, R Saunders, D TI Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection associated with eating alfalfa sprouts - Michigan and Virginia, June-July 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 741-744, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 INGHAM CTY HLTH DEPT,LANSING,MI. LIVINGSTON CTY HLTH DEPT,HOWELL,MI. WASHTENAW CTY HLTH DEPT,YPSILANTI,MI. KALAMAZOO CTY HLTH DEPT,KALAMAZOO,MI. MIDLAND CTY HLTH DEPT,MIDLAND,MI. MICHIGAN DEPT AGR,LANSING,MI 48909. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA 23218. COMMONWEALTH VIRGINIA,DIV CONSOLIDATED LAB SVCS,RICHMOND,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SVCS,RICHMOND,VA 23218. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,STATE BRANCH,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV PREVENT RES & ANALYT METHODS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ComoSabetti, K (reprint author), KENT CTY HLTH DEPT,GRAND RAPIDS,MI 49503, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 809 EP 810 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200017 ER PT J AU Moore, M Onorato, IM McCray, E Castro, KG AF Moore, M Onorato, IM McCray, E Castro, KG TI Trends in drug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-1996 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION AB Context.-With the resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) disease in the late 1980s and early 1990s in the United States, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB emerged as a serious challenge to TB control. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1993 added drug susceptibility test results to the information collected for the national surveillance system to monitor trends in drug resistance. Objective.-To determine the extent of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. Design.-Descriptive analysis or TB surveillance data. Study Population.-Patients reported to the national TB surveillance system as confirmed TB cases with culture-positive disease from 1993 through 1996 by the 50 states, New York City, and the District of Columbia (DC). Main Outcome Measure.-Percentage of case patients with culture-positive disease whose isolates are resistant to specific anti-TB drugs. Results.-Overall resistance to at least isoniazid was 8.4%; rifampin, 3.0%; both isoniazid and rifampin (ie, MDR TB), 2.2%; pyrazinamide, 3.0%; streptomycin, 6.2%; and ethambutol hydrochloride, 2.2%. Rates of resistance were significantly higher for case patients with a prior TB episode. Among those without prior TB, isoniazid resistance of 4% or more was found in 41 states, New York City, and DC. A total of 1457 MDR TB cases were reported from 42 states, New York City, and DC; however, 38% were reported from New York City. Rates of isoniazid and streptomycin resistance were higher for cases among US-born compared with foreign-born patients, but rates of rifampin resistance and MDR TB were similar. Among US-born patients, resistance to first-line drugs, particularly rifampin mono-resistance, was significantly higher among those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Conclusions.-Compared with recent US surveys in 1991 and 1992, isoniazid resistance has remained relatively stable. In addition, the percentage of MDR TB has decreased, although the national trend was significantly influenced by the marked decrease in New York City. Foreign-born and HIV-positive patients and those with prior TB have higher rates of resistance. The widespread extent of isoniazid resistance confirms the need for drug susceptibility testing to guide optimal treatment of patients with culture-positive disease. RP Moore, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 10 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 10 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1001/jama.278.10.833 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU552 UT WOS:A1997XU55200038 PM 9293991 ER PT J AU Holler, J Barry, D Nickle, R AF Holler, J Barry, D Nickle, R TI The use of health guidance values, including acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs), in developing public health response to acute chemical releases. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL MS E29,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 12 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700852 ER PT J AU Striley, CAF Biagini, R Mastin, P Hines, CJ Mackenzie, B Zimmer, H AF Striley, CAF Biagini, R Mastin, P Hines, CJ Mackenzie, B Zimmer, H TI Development and validation of a method for the measurement of metolachlor mercapturate in urine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 45 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700157 ER PT J AU Mastin, JP Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Hines, CJ Hull, RD MacKenzie, BA Robertson, SK Shoemaker, DA AF Mastin, JP Striley, CAF Biagini, RE Hines, CJ Hull, RD MacKenzie, BA Robertson, SK Shoemaker, DA TI Use of immunoassays for biomonitoring of herbicides in urine. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 7 PY 1997 VL 214 BP 47 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA XQ857 UT WOS:A1997XQ85700159 ER PT J AU Dennis, DT Hughes, JM AF Dennis, DT Hughes, JM TI Multidrug resistance in plague SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Dennis, DT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 4 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 10 BP 702 EP 704 DI 10.1056/NEJM199709043371010 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XU349 UT WOS:A1997XU34900010 PM 9278470 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Barker, WH Strikas, RA Ahwesh, ER Mieczkowski, TA Janosky, JE Kanter, SL AF Zimmerman, RK Barker, WH Strikas, RA Ahwesh, ER Mieczkowski, TA Janosky, JE Kanter, SL TI Developing curricula to promote preventive medicine skills - The Teaching Immunization for Medical Education (TIME) project SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Spring Conference of the Society-of-Teachers-of-Family-Medicine CY MAY 05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Teachers Family Med ID UNITED-STATES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; SENIOR CITIZENS; VACCINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIROLOGY; MEASLES; DISEASE; COVERAGE; PROGRAMS AB Context.-Vaccines are underused in the United States, resulting in needless morbidity, Many experts have concluded that clinician education is critical to increasing the nation's vaccination rates. Objective.-To develop and evaluate case-based curricular materials on immunizations that promote preventive medicine skills. Design.-Before-and-after trial of an educational intervention. Setting and Participants.-Medical schools and primary care residency programs from 20 institutions across the United States participated in the Teaching Immunization for Medical Education (TIME) project. Intervention.-A multidisciplinary team developed learning objectives, abstracted clinical cases, and created case-based modules that use contextual learning and small-group interaction to solve clinical and public health problems. The case-based methods are multistation clinical teaching scenarios (MCTS) and problem-based learning (PBL). Main Outcome Measures.-Knowledge gained by learners from pretest to posttest and the overall ratings of the sessions by learners and facilitators based on evaluation questionnaires. Results.-Pretest and posttest results were obtained on a total of 1122 learners for all modules combined, For the MCTS method, mean scores increased from the 10-item pretest to the posttest by 3.1 items for measles, 3.8 for influenza, 1.8 for hepatitis B, 3.9 for pertussis, 1.9 for adult vaccination, 1.9 for childhood vaccination, and 2.6 for Haemophilus influenzae type b (P<.01 for each), For the PBL method, mean scores increased by 3.4 items for measles, 3.3 for influenza, 2.6 for hepatitis B, and 2.5 for pertussis (P<.01 for each), Most learners (MCTS, 98%; PBL, 89%) and most facilitators (MCTS, 97%; PBL, 100%) rated the sessions overall as very good or good. Conclusions.-Use of TIME modules increases knowledge about immunizations, an essential step to improving vaccination practices of future clinicians. Given the realities of decreased faculty time and budgets, educators face major challenges in developing case-based curricula that prepare learners for the 21st century, Nationally tested libraries of cases such as the TIME modules address this dilemma. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,OFF MED EDUC,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT MED,ROCHESTER,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Zimmerman, RK (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY MED & CLIN EPIDEMIOL,M-200 SCAIFE HALL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 50 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 3 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 9 BP 705 EP 711 DI 10.1001/jama.278.9.705 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XT709 UT WOS:A1997XT70900021 PM 9286828 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Shekelle, RB AF Fulton, JE Shekelle, RB TI Cigarette smoking, weight gain, and coronary mortality - Results from the Chicago Western Electric Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE obesity; epidemiology; cardiovascular diseases; exercise ID BODY-WEIGHT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FAT DISTRIBUTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK FACTOR; OBESITY; MEN AB Background Prospective studies of overweight and coronary heart disease (CHD) have presented inconsistent findings. Previous inconsistencies may be explained by the modifying effect of cigarette smoking on the association between weight gain and coronary mortality. Methods and Results We prospectively studied 1531 men 40 to 59 years of age who were employed at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Ill. Information collected at the initial examination in 1958 included recalled weight at age 20, present weight, height, smoking status, and other CHD risk factors. Vital status was known for all men on the 25th anniversary: 257 CHD deaths occurred over 31 644 person-years of experience. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate risk of coronary mortality associated with change in body mass index (Delta BMI) and its modification by smoking status after adjustment for age, major organ system disease, family history of CHD: and BMT at age 20. Adjustment was not performed for blood pressure or serum total cholesterol because these are intervening variables. Delta BMI was positively associated with risk of coronary mortality in never-smokers but not in current-smokers (P for interaction =.088). For never-smokers with Delta BMI classified as stable, low gain, moderate gain, or high gain, adjusted relative risks of coronary mortality were 1.00, 1.75 1.75, and 3.07, respectively (P for trend=.010). For current-smokers, the respective adjusted relative risks were 1.00, 0.78, 1.05, and 1.03 (P for trend=.344). Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that cigarette smoking modifies the association between weight gain and coronary mortality. Future investigations of weight gain and coronary mortality should account for the modifying effect of cigarette smoking. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX. RP Fulton, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACTIV,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP K46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 2 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1438 EP 1444 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XU856 UT WOS:A1997XU85600015 PM 9315529 ER PT J AU Grant, AD Djomand, G Smets, P Kadio, A Coulibaly, M Kakou, A Maurice, C Whitaker, JP SyllaKoko, F Bonard, D Wiktor, SZ Hayes, RJ DeCock, KM Greenberg, AE AF Grant, AD Djomand, G Smets, P Kadio, A Coulibaly, M Kakou, A Maurice, C Whitaker, JP SyllaKoko, F Bonard, D Wiktor, SZ Hayes, RJ DeCock, KM Greenberg, AE TI Profound immunosuppression across the spectrum of opportunistic disease among hospitalized HIV-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; Africa; AIDS-related opportunistic infections; CD4 lymphocyte count ID CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; WEST-AFRICAN CITY; DEVELOPING-WORLD; SEX-WORKERS; MORTALITY; NAIROBI; AIDS; TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; COHORT AB Objectives: To describe the spectrum of opportunistic disease in HIV-infected patients admitted to hospital in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire, and to describe the level of immunosuppression at which these diseases occur. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: In-patient wards of the University Hospital Infectious Diseases Unit. Patients: A total of 250 adult patients recruited by systematic sampling at the point of hospital admission. Main measures: HIV status; CD4 count; diagnoses, confirmed by microbiological/radiological investigations whenever possible; and outcome of hospitalization (death or discharge). Results: Overall, 79% patients were HIV-positive. The most frequent diagnoses in HIV-positive patients were septicaemia (20%, with non-typhoid salmonellae, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae the most common organisms), HIV wasting (16%), meningitis (14%), tuberculosis (TB; 13%), isosporiasis (10%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (7%) and bacterial enteritis (7%). Most HIV-positive patients had evidence of severe immunosuppression: 39% had CD4 counts < 50 x 10(6)/l, 17% had 50-99 x 10(6)/l, and 20% had 100-199 x 10(6)/l. In-hospital mortality among HIV-positive patients was 38% compared with 27% among HIV-negative patients [age-adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 0.7-2.9]. Among HIV-positive patients, the highest case-fatality rates were among patients with meningitis, toxoplasmosis and TB: in a multivariate analysis the strongest independent risk factors for death were an abnormal level of consciousness (OR, 9.3; 95% CI, 3.5-24.6), a haemoglobin concentration below 8 g/dl (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.4-12.8) and age > 40 years (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-10.2). Conclusions: Our data show that, as in industrialized countries, most HlV-infected individuals admitted to and dying in hospital in Abidjan are profoundly immunosuppressed. Potentially preventable infections are the main causes of in-hospital morbidity and mortality among HlV-infected persons in Abidjan, and the evaluation of appropriate primary prophylactic regimes is a priority. C1 CTR HOSP & UNIV TREICHVILLE,SERV MALAD INFECT,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR HOSP & UNIV TREICHVILLE,CTR DIAGNOST & RECH SIDA,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR HOSP & UNIV TREICHVILLE,PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Grant, AD (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,TROP HLTH EPIDEMIOL UNIT,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. OI Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-1729-9892 NR 25 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1997 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1357 EP 1364 DI 10.1097/00002030-199711000-00010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XU629 UT WOS:A1997XU62900011 PM 9302446 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) program (May 30, 1997) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,HHS,US PHS,CDC,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,46-76 COLUMBIA PKWY MS-R8,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 58 IS 9 BP 633 EP 635 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XU555 UT WOS:A1997XU55500005 PM 9291560 ER PT J AU Wenzl, TB AF Wenzl, TB TI Estimating magnetic field exposures of rail maintenance workers SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic fields (EMF); magnetic fields; rail workers ID ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; BRAIN CANCER; LEUKEMIA AB A measurement survey was undertaken to estimate exposures to 25 hertz (Hz) magnetic fields of maintenance workers on electrified rail lines near Philadelphia, Pa. Because of the mix of frequencies expected, a strategy was developed using a new instrument to capture magnetic field waveforms, which were then analyzed by fast Fourier transform for their frequency components. This instrument could only take spot measurements, so a personal monitor repeatedly measured magnetic fields in the ranges of 40-1000 Hz. To power trains in the mid-Atlantic region, electrical current flows from the overhead catenary to the locomotive and returns through the rails in a loop up to 10 miles long. This flowing current was the primary source of the magnetic field exposures when a train was near the maintenance work site being measured. A total of 93 spot measurements was taken at five locations. Peak magnetic flux densities ranged from 34 to 185 milligauss (mG) near a transformer, while medians at the five locations ranged from 6.5 to 40 mG. Time-weighted average personal exposures were estimated by combining spot measurements at occupied locations, with estimates of how much time was spent at each location. These averages were estimated to lie between 3.0 and 18 mG, depending on the location and how often trains passed the work site. Comparisons between the spat measurements in the 40-1000 Hz frequency range and summaries from the personal dosimeter showed reasonably good agreement. Further characterization of personal exposures in this region may be justified, since on-train workers and passengers may be more highly exposed. RP Wenzl, TB (reprint author), NIOSH,HLTH RELATED ENERGY RES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-44,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 58 IS 9 BP 667 EP 671 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XU555 UT WOS:A1997XU55500011 PM 9291566 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Miller, B AF Tokars, JI Miller, B TI Tuberculin skin testing of ESRD patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 456 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0272-6386(97)90298-5 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XU879 UT WOS:A1997XU87900026 PM 9292581 ER PT J AU Petersen, R Gazmararian, JA Spitz, AM Rowley, DL Goodwin, MM Saltzman, LE Marks, JS AF Petersen, R Gazmararian, JA Spitz, AM Rowley, DL Goodwin, MM Saltzman, LE Marks, JS TI Violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A review of the literature and directions for future research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE domestic violence; injuries; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; research; stress; violence ID MATERNAL PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; BLUNT ABDOMINAL-TRAUMA; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PHYSICAL ABUSE; PRETERM DELIVERY; SUBSTANCE USE; PLACENTAL ABRUPTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; LIFE EVENTS; WOMEN AB introduction: Violence during pregnancy has been estimated to affect between 0.9% and 20.1% of pregnant women in the United States. This article presents a review of the research on the potential association between violence during pregnancy and adverse outcomes, explores mechanisms by which violence might influence pregnancy outcomes, and suggests directions for future research aimed at the development of successful interventions. Methods: A review of the literature pertaining to violence during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, trauma, and stress during pregnancy was completed. Results: Overall, no pregnancy outcome was consistently found to be associated with violence during pregnancy. The trauma literature offers insight about the effects that injuries caused by physical violence might have on pregnancy outcomes. Information from the stress literature investigates potential mechanisms through which physical violence could indirectly affect pregnancy outcomes. The trauma and stress literature offers methodologic approaches that could be employed in future research on violence during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: This review lays the groundwork for the development of a future research agenda to investigate the association between violence during pregnancy and adverse outcomes. Future research should include quantitative and qualitative approaches, and investigation into the mechanisms and antecedents of how violence during pregnancy may lead to adverse outcomes. Only with such information can successful interventions to limit violence and its potential effects during pregnancy be implemented. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH K35,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 85 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 5 BP 366 EP 373 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA XZ103 UT WOS:A1997XZ10300009 PM 9315269 ER PT J AU Ikeda, RM Gorwitz, R James, SP Powell, KE Mercy, JA AF Ikeda, RM Gorwitz, R James, SP Powell, KE Mercy, JA TI Trends in fatal firearm-related injuries, United States, 1962-1993 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injuries; firearms; surveillance; suicide; homicide ID VIOLENCE; DEATH AB Objective: Our objective was to review historical trends in U.S. fatal firearm-related injuries for the years 1962-1993. Methods: Using mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics and population estimates projected from census data, we calculated national age-adjusted mortality rates and examined trends over the 32-year period. Data were also examined by type of firearm-related death (unintentional, suicide, homicide, legal intervention, and undetermined intention), race, gender, and age group. Results: During the 32-year period, the total number of firearm-related deaths increased by 137%, from 16,720 in 1962 to 39,595 in 1993. Suicide and homicide were responsible for most firearm fatalities. Rates for both firearm suicides and firearm homicides increased over time, while rates for unintentional, legal intervention, and undetermined intention decreased. The highest rates and widest variation in total firearm-related mortality occurred among African-American men (35.2/100,000 to 84.5/100,000). Persons 15-19, 20-24, and greater than or equal to 75 years of age experienced the largest changes in rates during recent years; total firearm mortality was higher for the younger age groups (15-19, 20-24) during 1990 through 1933 than any other time during the 32-year period. Conclusions: These surveillance data help characterize trends over time and the magnitude of firearm-related mortality and identify groups at risk. However, further efforts to improve our understanding of firearm-related deaths and injuries, such as expansion of current surveillance to include information about morbidity associated with firearms and additional epidemiologic research to identify modifiable individual and societal risk factors, are necessary. RP Ikeda, RM (reprint author), NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MS K-60,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 13 IS 5 BP 396 EP 400 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA XZ103 UT WOS:A1997XZ10300014 PM 9315274 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Sudden cardiac death in Hispanic Americans and African Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PUERTO-RICO; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL; WHITES AB Objectives. The goal of this study was to estimate rates of sudden cardiac death in US Hispanics and African Americans. Methods. Data on coronary deaths occurring outside of the hospital or in emergency rooms were examined for 1992. Results. In 1992, 53% (8194) of coronary heart disease deaths among Hispanic Americans 25 years of age and older occurred outside of the : hospital or;in emergency rooms. The percentage was lower among Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks. Age-adjusted rates per 100000 were lower in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic Whites or Blacks (Hispanic men, 75; White men, 166; Black men, 209; Hispanic women, 35; White women, 74; Black women, 108). The percentages dying outside of the hospital,or in emergency rooms were higher in young persons, those living in nonurban areas, and those who were single. Conclusions. The percentage and rate of coronary deaths occurring outside of the hospital or in emergency rooms were lower in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics; African Americans had the highest rates. Further research is needed on sudden coronary death in Hispanic Americans and African Americans. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1461 EP 1466 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.9.1461 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY235 UT WOS:A1997XY23500011 PM 9314797 ER PT J AU Barnett, E Armstrong, DL Casper, ML AF Barnett, E Armstrong, DL Casper, ML TI Social class and premature mortality among men: A method for state-based surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; DIFFERENTIALS; SEGREGATION; DISEASE; BLACK; LIFE AB Objectives. This study examined trends in mortality by social class for Black and White men aged 35 through 54 years in North Carolina, for 1984 through 1993, using an inexpensive, newly developed state-based surveillance method. Methods. Data from death certificates and census fries permitted examination of four social classes, defined on the basis of occupation. Results. Premature mortality was inversely associated with social class for both Blacks and Whites. Blacks were at least twice as likely to die as Whites within each social class. Conclusions. Adoption of state specific surveillance of social class and premature mortality would provide data crucial for developing and evaluating Public health programs to reduce social inequalities in health. C1 SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,ALBANY,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Barnett, E (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,PREVENT RES CTR,POB 9005,3847 HLTH SCI S,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. RI Pathak, Elizabeth/H-2683-2013 OI Pathak, Elizabeth/0000-0002-9702-0782 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1521 EP 1525 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.9.1521 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY235 UT WOS:A1997XY23500023 PM 9314808 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ Levine, WC Mosure, DJ Berman, SM Dorian, KJ Hadgu, A AF Mertz, KJ Levine, WC Mosure, DJ Berman, SM Dorian, KJ Hadgu, A TI Screening women for gonorrhea: Demographic screening criteria for general clinical use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INFECTION C1 COLUMBUS HLTH DEPT,COLUMBUS,OH. RP Mertz, KJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCHSTP,DIV STD PREVENT,MS E-02,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1535 EP 1538 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.9.1535 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY235 UT WOS:A1997XY23500026 PM 9314811 ER PT J AU Peipins, LA Burnett, C Alterman, T Lalich, N AF Peipins, LA Burnett, C Alterman, T Lalich, N TI Mortality patterns among female nurses: A 27-state study, 1984 through 1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; REGISTERED NURSES; BREAST-CANCER; RISK; INFECTION; TUBERCULOSIS; ASSOCIATION; LEUKEMIA; VIRUS C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1539 EP 1543 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.9.1539 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY235 UT WOS:A1997XY23500027 PM 9314812 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Brown, C Giovino, GA AF Mannino, DM Brown, C Giovino, GA TI Obstructive lung disease deaths in the United States from 1979 through 1993 - An analysis using multiple-cause mortality data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-DISEASE; ASTHMA MORTALITY; SMOKING; TRENDS; RISK; AGE AB We analyzed mortality trends among people who died with a diagnosis of obstructive lung disease from 1979 through 1993, using death certificate reports of 31,314,160 decedents in the Multiple-Cause Mortality Files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Of all the decedents, 2,554,959 (8.2%) had a diagnosis of obstructive lung disease (ICD-9 490 to 493.9, 496) listed on their death certificates; of these 2,554,959 decedents, only 1,106,614 (43.3%) had obstructive lung disease listed as the underlying cause of death. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 47.3%, from 52.6 per 100,000 in 1979 to 77.5 per 100,000 in 1993. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 17.1% among men, from 96.3% per 100,000 in 1979 to 112.8 per 100,000 in 1993, whereas this rate increased 126.1% among women, from 24.5 per 100,000 in 1979 to 55.4 per 100,000 in 1993. Over the study period, white males had the highest mortality rates (98.8 to 115.5 per 100,000), followed by black males (77.5 to 100.2 per 100,000), males of other races (38.1 to 58.6 per 100,000), white females (25.5 to 57.7 per 100,000), black females (14.9 to 38.5 per 100,000), and females of other races (10.9 to 20.9 per 100,000). We conclude that mortality related to obstructive lung disease is underestimated in studies that look at only the underlying cause of death. Mortality rates of obstructive lung disease are starting to stabilize among men, but continue to increase among women, reflecting historical smoking trends in these populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 26 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 156 IS 3 BP 814 EP 818 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA XX177 UT WOS:A1997XX17700020 PM 9309998 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DR RuizTiben, E Ruebush, TK AF Hopkins, DR RuizTiben, E Ruebush, TK TI Dracunculiasis eradication: Almost a reality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB The idea of a global campaign to eradicate dracunculiasis was first proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1980, during the advent of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) (1981-1990). In 1981, the Steering Committee of the IDWSSD adopted eradication of dracunculiasis as a subgoal of their efforts to provide safe drinking water to unserved populations. in 1988, African ministers of health voted to eradicate dracunculiasis by the end of 1995, a target date that was endorsed by UNICEF in 1989 and the World Health Assembly in 1991. Although nine of 18 endemic countries, India (1980), Pakistan (1987), Nigeria and Cameroon (1988), Ghana (1989), and Mauritania, Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo (1990) completed national searches for cases of the disease, only four countries, India (1983), Pakistan (1988), Ghana (1989), and Nigeria (1989), actually started eradication programs during the 1980s. The remaining 13 endemic countries began their eradication programs between 1991 and 1995. At the end of 1996, dracunculiasis had not been entirely eradicated, but its incidence had been reduced by 95%, from an estimated 3.2 million cases in 1986 to 152,805 cases in 1996. Sudan reported a total of 118,578 (78%) of the 152,805 cases of dracunculiasis reported during 1996. insufficient funding and the civil war in Sudan continue to be the major obstacles to overcome. A primary aim of the eradication program in 1997 is to seek to ensure that all cases of dracunculiasis outside of Sudan are contained. In Sudan the challenge is to pursue all appropriate control measures in all accessible areas as vigorously as possible until political circumstances allow access to all of the remaining affected areas. C1 CARTER CTR,GLOBAL 2000 PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30307. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 252 EP 259 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XZ010 UT WOS:A1997XZ01000003 PM 9311632 ER PT J AU Williams, RJ Bryan, RT Mills, JN Palma, RE Vera, I DeVelasquez, F Baez, E Schmidt, WE Figueroa, RE Peters, CJ Zaki, SR Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG AF Williams, RJ Bryan, RT Mills, JN Palma, RE Vera, I DeVelasquez, F Baez, E Schmidt, WE Figueroa, RE Peters, CJ Zaki, SR Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG TI An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS; DISEASE AB During an investigation of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Paraguay in 1995, sera from persons with HPS-like illness, houshold contacts of confirmed PIPS case-patients, and a sample of the area residents were analyzed by ELISA for antibodies to Sin Nombre virus (SNV). Rodent serosurveys and analysis of precipitation records were also conducted. Twenty-three of 24 available probable cases were SNV antibody-positive, 17 of whom were ill between July 1995 and January 1996. Four (14.8%) of 27 case-contacts and 44 (12.8%) of 345 community residents were also seropositive. Calomys laucha (vesper mouse) was the most common rodent species captured and the most frequently SNV-seropositive. Rainfall in May 1995 was 10-fold greater than that seen in May over the preceding 11 years. This 17 case-cluster represents the largest documented outbreak since PIPS was first recognized in 1993. Calomys laucha is the likely primary rodent reservoir for a SNV-like hantavirus in western Paraguay. Fluctuations in monthly precipitation rates may have contributed to increased risk for HPS in this region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MOL PATHOL & ULTRASTUCT ACT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENT SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CHILE,FAC MED,DEPT BIOL CELULAR & GENET,SANTIAGO 7,CHILE. HOSP FILADELFIA,ASOCIAC CIVIL MENNONITA COLONIA FERNHEIM,FILADELFIA,BOQUERON,PARAGUAY. HOSP LOMA PLATA,LOMA PLATA,BOQUERON,PARAGUAY. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,ORG MUNDIAL SALUD,PWR,ASUNCION,PARAGUAY. CTR MEDICO BAUTISTA,ASUNCION,PARAGUAY. RI Palma, Eduardo/N-1416-2014 NR 32 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 274 EP 282 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XZ010 UT WOS:A1997XZ01000007 PM 9311636 ER PT J AU Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, RW AF Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, RW TI Update on emerging infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Talan, DA (reprint author), OLIVE VIEW UCLA MED CTR,14445 OLIVE VIEW DR,SYLMAR,CA 91342, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP 334 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(97)70171-9 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA XU225 UT WOS:A1997XU22500015 ER PT J AU Reingold, AL AF Reingold, AL TI Toxic-shock syndrome - United States SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; RISK-FACTORS; ASSOCIATION; FEATURES C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Reingold, AL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 133 IS 9 BP 1179 EP 1180 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA XW108 UT WOS:A1997XW10800025 ER PT J AU Romieu, I Meneses, F Ruiz, S Huerta, J Sienra, JJ White, M Etzel, R Hernandez, M AF Romieu, I Meneses, F Ruiz, S Huerta, J Sienra, JJ White, M Etzel, R Hernandez, M TI Effects of intermittent ozone exposure on peak expiratory flow and respiratory symptoms among asthmatic children in Mexico City SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; EMERGENCY VISITS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT OZONE; LOS-ANGELES; EXACERBATIONS; HEALTH AB In a panel study of Mexican children (5-13 y of age) with mild asthma, the authors studied the relationship between ozone exposure and the course of childhood asthma. Decrements in peak expiratory flow rate were associated with ozone, and respiratory symptoms were associated with both ozone level and ambient particulate matter (< 10 mu m) level. After the authors adjusted for minimum temperature and autocorrelation in the data, they determined that an increase of 50 ppb in a daily ozone l-h maximum was related to an 8% increase in cough (95% confidence interval = 2, 15); a 24% increase in phlegm (95% confidence interval = 13, 35); and an 11% increase in low respiratory symptoms index (95% confidence interval = 5, 19). The authors concluded that children with mild asthma who resided in the south of Mexico City were affected adversely by the high ozone ambient levels observed in this area. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Org Panamericana Salud, Ctr Panamericano Ecol Humana & Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Invest & Matemat Aplicadas & Sistemas, IIMAS, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Inst Nacl Pediat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Hosp Infantilde Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hernandez, M (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Av Univ 655,Coll Sta Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 44 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 52 IS 5 BP 368 EP 376 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YN285 UT WOS:000071151600007 PM 9546760 ER PT J AU Qureshi, AI Janssen, RS Karon, JM Weissman, JP Akbar, MS Safdar, K Frankel, MR AF Qureshi, AI Janssen, RS Karon, JM Weissman, JP Akbar, MS Safdar, K Frankel, MR TI Human immunodeficiency virus infection and stroke in young patients SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PROTEIN-S DEFICIENCY; SYNDROME AIDS; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; EXPERIENCE; HIV; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROSYPHILIS; ANTIBODIES; PATHOLOGY AB Objective: To determine the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and stroke among young persons. Design: Retrospective case-control study. Setting: Large, inner-city public hospital. Participants: All patients aged 19 to 44 years with a diagnosis of stroke, whose HIV status was determined, admitted from January 1990 through June 1994. Controls matched for age and sex were selected from patients who were admitted during the same period for status asthmaticus whose HIV status was known. Main Outcome Measure: The associations of HIV infection with all strokes and with cerebral infarction, after adjustment for other cerebrovascular risk factors, were evaluated by Mantel-Haenszel stratified analyses. The subtypes and causes of stroke in HIV-infected patients were compared with HIV-seronegative patients. Results: The HIV infection was associated with stroke (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-5.3) and cerebral infarction (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1-8.9), after adjustment for other cerebrovascular risk factors. Among patients with stroke, cerebral infarction was more frequent in HIV-infected patients than in HIV-seronegative patients (20 [80%] of 25 vs 48 [56%] of 88, P=.04). The frequency of cerebral infarctions associated with meningitis (P<.001) and protein S deficiency (P=.06) was higher in HIV-infected patients than in seronegative patients. Conclusions: Our study suggests that HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly cerebral infarction in young patients. This risk is probably mediated by increased susceptibility of HIV-infected patients to meningitis and protein S deficiency. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1150 EP 1153 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XV731 UT WOS:A1997XV73100013 PM 9311359 ER PT J AU Saah, AJ Spruill, C Hoover, DR Prevots, R Taylor, E Margolick, JB Vlahov, D AF Saah, AJ Spruill, C Hoover, DR Prevots, R Taylor, E Margolick, JB Vlahov, D TI Helper T-lymphocyte count - TRAx CD4 test kit versus conventional flow cytometry SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; ENUMERATION AB Background.-We evaluated a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for measuring helper T-lymphocyte count. Methods.-Data from 111 human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users in a cohort study were analyzed by flow cytometry and independent duplicate runs of the TRAx enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results.-The mean helper T-cell counts were 470, 480, and 506 per microliter by flow cytometry and TRAx runs 1 and 2, respectively. The correlation coefficients for TRAx runs 1 and 2 with the flow cytometry results as the dependent variable were .93 and .91, respectively. A cross-tabulation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay helper T-lymphocyte counts with flow cytometry counts showed agreement of 71% and 76% when the flow count was between 201 and 500, and 88% and 90% when it was greater than 500 cells per microliter. In those samples with 200 or fewer helper T cells, agreement was 73% and 41% for each TRAx run. Conclusions.-The TRAx enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system is an acceptable method for measuring helper T-lymphocyte count, but should be recalibrated for better performance at helper T-cell counts below 200 per microliter. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Saah, AJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,615 N WOLFE ST,ROOM E6006,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI-28748]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-04334] NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 121 IS 9 BP 960 EP 962 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XW175 UT WOS:A1997XW17500009 PM 9302928 ER PT J AU Sherry, B Bister, D Yip, R AF Sherry, B Bister, D Yip, R TI Continuation of decline in prevalence of anemia in low-income children - The Vermont experience SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD AB Objective: To examine whether the prevalence of childhood anemia in white low-income children has continued to decline into the 1990s. Design: An examination of 14 years of hematocrit data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System in Vermont from 1981 through 1994. Setting: Public health clinics for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Vermont. The same screening method and criteria for identifying and defining anemia and the same quality-assurance procedures were used during the 14 years. The program eligibility criteria were also consistent except for part of 1991 and 1992. Main Outcome Measure: The annual prevalence of anemia. Results: Between 1981 and 1994, the prevalence of anemia halved (from 7.9% to 3.6%, P < .001). For children aged 6 to 24 months, this decline was from 7.8%, to 4.6% (P < .001); for children aged 2 to 5 years, the decline was from 7.9% to 3.1% (P < .001). Conclusion: The decline in the prevalence of anemia among low-income children observed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System up to the mid-1980s has continued into the 1990s in Vermont. This finding indicates that iron nutrition in infancy and early childhood is still improving. C1 VERMONT DEPT HLTH,SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL NUTR PROGRAM WOMEN INFANTS,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 151 IS 9 BP 928 EP 930 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XW198 UT WOS:A1997XW19800011 PM 9308871 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, A Fryer, JC Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, A Fryer, JC Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC TI Concomitant knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) and performance-based functional assessment. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 475 EP 475 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63400474 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, A Fryer, JG Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, A Fryer, JG Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC TI Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is not rare in African-Americans and is different than in Caucasians. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 1232 EP 1232 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63401229 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, A Fryer, JG Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, JM Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, A Fryer, JG Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC TI Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is different in African-Americans than in Caucasians. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 1233 EP 1233 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63401230 ER PT J AU Tan, EM Feltkamp, TEW Smolen, JS Butcher, B Dawkins, R Fritzler, MJ Gordon, T Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN McDougal, JS Rothfield, NF Smeenk, RJ Takasaki, Y Wiik, A Wilson, MR Koziol, JA AF Tan, EM Feltkamp, TEW Smolen, JS Butcher, B Dawkins, R Fritzler, MJ Gordon, T Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN McDougal, JS Rothfield, NF Smeenk, RJ Takasaki, Y Wiik, A Wilson, MR Koziol, JA TI Range of antinuclear antibodies in ''healthy'' individuals SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; REVISED CRITERIA; CLASSIFICATION; DNA AB Objective, To determine the range of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in ''healthy'' individuals compared with that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or soft tissue rheumatism (STR), Methods. Fifteen international laboratories experienced in performing tests for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence participated in analyzing coded sera from healthy individuals and from patients in the 5 different disease groups described above, Except for the stipulation that HEp-2 cells should be used as substrate, each laboratory used its own in-house methodology so that the data might be expected to reflect the output of a cross-section of worldwide ANA reference laboratories. The sera were analyzed at 4 dilutions: 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, and 1:320, Results, In healthy individuals, the frequency of ANA did not differ significantly across the 4 age subgroups spanning 20-60 years of age. This putatively normal population was ANA positive in 31.7% of individuals at 1:40 serum dilution, 13.3% at 1:80, 5.0% at 1:160, and 3.3% at 1:320, In comparison with the findings among the disease groups, a low cutoff point at 1:40 serum dilution (high sensitivity, low specificity) could have diagnostic value, since it mould classify virtually all patients with SLE, SSc, or SS as ANA positive, Conversely, a high positive cutoff at 1:160 serum dilution (high specificity, low sensitivity) would be useful to confirm the presence of disease in only a portion of cases, but would be likely to exclude 95% of normal individuals, Conclusion, It is recommended that laboratories performing immunofluorescent ANA tests should report results at both the 1:40 and 1:160 dilutions, and should supply information on the percentage of normal individuals who are positive at these dilutions, A low-titer ANA is not necessarily insignificant and might depend on at least 4 specific factors. ANA assays can be a useful discriminant in recognizing certain disease conditions, but can create misunderstanding when the limitations are not fully appreciated. C1 WHO, IUIS, AF, CDC ANA STANDARDIZAT COMM, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. NETHERLANDS RED CROSS, BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV VIENNA, LUDWIG BOLTZMANN INST RHEUMATOL, VIENNA, AUSTRIA. LAINZ HOSP, VIENNA, AUSTRIA. ARTHRIT FDN, ATLANTA, GA USA. ROYAL PERTH HOSP, PERTH, WA, AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALGARY, CALGARY, AB, CANADA. FLINDERS MED CTR, ADELAIDE, SA, AUSTRALIA. MED COLL GEORGIA, AUGUSTA, GA 30912 USA. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG, D-8520 ERLANGEN, GERMANY. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA. KENNEDY INST, LONDON, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV CONNECTICUT, FARMINGTON, CT USA. JUNTENDO UNIV, SCH MED, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. STATENS SERUM INST, DK-2300 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. RP Tan, EM (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, 10550 N TORREY PINES RD, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. NR 22 TC 406 Z9 424 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1601 EP 1611 DI 10.1002/art.1780400909 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY539 UT WOS:A1997XY53900008 PM 9324014 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Luta, G Renner, JB Dragomir, A Fryer, JG Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, JM Luta, G Renner, JB Dragomir, A Fryer, JG Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC TI African-Americans face an increased risk of bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) from obesity. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 40 IS 9 SU S BP 1796 EP 1796 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XY634 UT WOS:A1997XY63401793 ER PT J AU Curtin, SC Kozak, LJ AF Curtin, SC Kozak, LJ TI Cesarean delivery rates in 1995 continue to decline in the United States SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,HOSP CARE STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Curtin, SC (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,DIV VITAL STAT,REPROD STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD SEP PY 1997 VL 24 IS 3 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1523-536X.1997.tb00585.x PG 3 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA XX282 UT WOS:A1997XX28200009 PM 9355279 ER PT J AU Potischman, N Swanson, CA Coates, RJ Weiss, HA Brogan, DR Stanford, JL Schoenberg, JB Gammon, MD Brinton, LA AF Potischman, N Swanson, CA Coates, RJ Weiss, HA Brogan, DR Stanford, JL Schoenberg, JB Gammon, MD Brinton, LA TI Dietary relationships with early onset (under age 45) breast cancer in a case-control study in the United States: influence of chemotherapy treatment SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; chemotherapy; diet; United States; women ID ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; WEIGHT-GAIN; WOMEN; RISK; TAMOXIFEN; FAT; QUESTIONNAIRE; MORTALITY AB Methodologic investigations have addressed selection and recall bias in case-control studies of diet and breast cancer, whereas the effect of disease progression and medical treatment on estimates of dietary intake has been largely overlooked. In a multicenter, population-based case-control study of breast cancer in the United States, 1,588 newly diagnosed cases and 1,451 controls completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Initial evaluation suggested increased risk related to high intakes of calories, carbohydrates, fat, and protein. All nutrient associations were diminished after adjustment for calories. Evaluation by stage of disease revealed no relation of calories to risk among women with in situ disease, but elevated risks among women with localized (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.7 highest cf lowest quartile) or regional and distant disease (OR = 1.79, CI = 13-2.4). Further evaluation showed that the increased risk associated with calories was restricted to cases who reported having been treated with chemotherapy (OR = 1.66, CI = 1.3-2.1). A gradient of increasing risk with time interval from diagnosis to interview suggested the chemotherapy regimen itself and not necessarily characteristics of tumors requiring this treatment was responsible for the observed increased risk. These results indicate that epidemiologic studies of diet and breast cancer, particularly among young women, should evaluate possible bias related to post-diagnosis influences. C1 NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & GENET,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UTAH CANC REGISTRY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,TRENTON,NJ. COLUMBIA SCH PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY. RP Potischman, N (reprint author), NCI,NUTR EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,EPN 430,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1023/A:1018475203820 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XX825 UT WOS:A1997XX82500005 PM 9328193 ER PT J AU Gustafsson, L Ponten, J Zack, M Adami, HO AF Gustafsson, L Ponten, J Zack, M Adami, HO TI International incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer after introduction of cytological screening SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; incidence; screening; World health ID IN-SITU; EFFICIENCY; SWEDEN; WOMEN AB Because Pap-smear screening can detect pre-invasive cervical cancer, such screening can markedly reduce the occurrence of invasive cancer. However, its impact in different populations is uncertain. This study compares the changes in cervical cancer incidence at different ages after the introduction of screening in different populations, and addresses the impact of organized and opportunistic smear taking. We identified 17 cancer registries large enough and existing long enough to analyze screening effects. For each registry, we calculated the relative reduction in age-specific incidence rates and in incidence rates age-standardized to the world population after the introduction of cytologic screening. In II of the 17 populations, age-standardized incidence rates declined markedly from 27 percent in Norway and to 77 percent in Finland. Age-specific declines were confined to women aged 30 to 70 years old with a nadir around ages 40 to 55. In six other populations, age-standardized incidence rates declined less than 25 percent, an amount too small to provide unambiguous evidence of a screening effect. In several populations, cytologic screening had a more pronounced effect than is generally recognized Because age-specific declines in cervical cancer incidence rates were strikingly similar in populations with widely different screening practices, organized screening may not be markedly superior to opportunistic screening. The reduction in reported cancer incidence because of screening is smaller in younger and older women. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Gustafsson, L (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT CANC EPIDEMIOL,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 32 TC 212 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 6 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1023/A:1018435522475 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XX825 UT WOS:A1997XX82500010 PM 9328198 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Nora, JJ Kithas, JA Arduino, MJ Bond, WW Miller, PH Monahan, J Hoffman, RE Curiel, T Kaufman, D Groves, BM Jarvis, WR AF Cookson, ST Nora, JJ Kithas, JA Arduino, MJ Bond, WW Miller, PH Monahan, J Hoffman, RE Curiel, T Kaufman, D Groves, BM Jarvis, WR TI Pyrogenic reactions in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization associated with contaminated glass medicine cups SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE endotoxin; fever; pyrogenic reaction ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; DRY HEAT; OUTBREAK; ENDOTOXIN; REUSE AB Pyrogenic reactions are potentially life-threatening complications caused by bacterial endotoxin, After two cardiac catheterization patients developed rigors the same day, the procedures were halted and a case control study was conducted. To identify case patients (persons with rigors less than or equal to 3 hr after catheterization during September 25-November 9, 1995), we reviewed medical records of all cardiac catheterization patients who had a blood culture or received intravenous meperidine. Twelve case patients and 40 randomly selected control patients were identified. No specific catheter was associated with case patients, but exposure to intracoronary-nitroglycerin (NTG) was (odds ratio = 12.0; 95% confidence interval 2.2, 75.6). NTG or indocyanine green dye was poured into glass medicine cups previously washed in an enzyme cleaner and then sterilized. The cleaner, used for an entire day, had elevated levels of gram-negative bacteria (>10(4) colony forming units/mL) and endotoxin (434 endotoxin units [EU]/mL]); the reprocessed cups had no live bacteria but had elevated endotoxin levels (median 2,250 EU). Exposure to contaminated glass medicine cups probably resulted in pyrogenic reactions and contributed to death in two critically ill patients. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV COLORADO HOSP,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,DENVER,CO. COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. RP Cookson, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 20 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0098-6569 J9 CATHETER CARDIO DIAG JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Diagn. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0304(199709)42:1<12::AID-CCD5>3.0.CO;2-C PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XU251 UT WOS:A1997XU25100005 PM 9286531 ER PT J AU Williams, RC Maslia, ML AF Williams, RC Maslia, ML TI Making a map of public health hazards SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Engineers face a difficult task when it comes to determining past public exposure to health hazards at environmental I cleanup sites. One agency has developed an approach that assists engineers in reconstructing these exposures. RP Williams, RC (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 9 BP 64 EP 65 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA XU365 UT WOS:A1997XU36500038 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, L Boyle, RW Zhang, ML Castillo, J Whittier, S DellaLatta, P Clarke, LM George, JR Fang, XD Wang, JG Hosein, B Wang, CY AF Gonzalez, L Boyle, RW Zhang, ML Castillo, J Whittier, S DellaLatta, P Clarke, LM George, JR Fang, XD Wang, JG Hosein, B Wang, CY TI Synthetic-peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening human serum or plasma for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-DONORS; INFECTION; HIV-1; TESTS AB A synthetic-peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) capable of screening for antibodies to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HN-I) and HIV-2 has been developed for use in blood banks and diagnostic laboratories. Microtiter wells are coated with two synthetic peptides, one corresponding to the highly conserved envelope region of HIV-1 and another corresponding to the conserved envelope region of HIV-2, Overall, sensitivity was 100% in 303 individuals diagnosed with AIDS and 96 individuals diagnosed with AIDS-related complex, 14.8% in a study of 500 high-risk group members, 99.9% in 600 EIA repeatedly reactive (RR)-HIV-1 Western blot (WB)-positive repository specimens, and 100% for 222 geographically diverse HIV-1 specimens and 216 confirmed HIV-2-positive specimens evaluated, The specificity was determined to be 99.72% for a total of 13,004 serum and plasma samples from random volunteer donors evaluated across five blood banks. Forty donors mho were found to be ELA RR-WB indeterminate but nonreactive on the United Biomedical, Inc., test (UBI HIV 1/2 EIA) were prospectively followed as an additional measure of specificity, None of the 40 low-risk cases evolved into a positive WB pattern at follow-up. The sensitivity and specificity of this new assay are comparable to those of other Food and Drug Administration-licensed HIV-1 and HIV-1-HIV-2 assays that are currently available in the United States. The UBI HIV lit EPA affords laboratories another choice in the detection of antibodies for HIV-I and HIV-2 with a test based on an alternative antigen format. C1 UNITED BIOMED INC,HAUPPAUGE,NY 11788. PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,LAB INVEST BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 4 IS 5 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XU923 UT WOS:A1997XU92300019 PM 9302212 ER PT J AU Jason, J Gregg, L Han, A Hu, A Inge, KL Eick, A Tham, I Campbell, R AF Jason, J Gregg, L Han, A Hu, A Inge, KL Eick, A Tham, I Campbell, R TI Immunoregulatory changes in Kawasaki disease SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; UP-REGULATED EXPRESSION; LYMPH-NODE SYNDROME; T-CELLS; LFA-1; ACTIVATION; VASCULITIS; BLOOD; LYMPHOCYTES AB Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of unknown etiology, occurring in young children and treated with intravenous gamma globulin (MG) to prevent significant cardiac morbidity and mortality. We studied KD patients pre-and post-IVIG therapy and at >40 days posttherapy, additionally comparing them with matched pediatric control patients and parents. Using three-color flow cytometry, we examined immune changes in KD, especially previously unassessed markers of T-lymphocyte activation, memory, and adhesion. The percentage of cells positive for CD19, CD25, CD38, and CD71 was significantly lower during convalescence compared with pre-IVIG (medians: CD19, 18% vs 26%, P = 0.0004; CD25, 6% vs 9% for CD3(+) cells, P = 0.0074; CD38, 78% vs 89% for CD8(+) cells, P = 0.0015; CD71, 1% vs 6% for CD4(+) cells, P = 0.0024). The proportion of CD3(+) cells increased (medians: CD3, 66% vs 45%, P < 0.0001). Values for all parameters varied greatly pre-and post-IVIG, but not in a consistent direction. The sole patient with cardiac abnormalities had the greatest pre-/post-IVIG variability. These changes support the involvement of T-lymphocytes in the acute KD vasculitic process. They also suggest that T-lymphocytes involved in endothelial damage during acute KD may be subsequently removed or eliminated from the peripheral blood. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 EMORY UNIV,EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,CHILDRENS HEART CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,IMMUNOL BRANCH,DIV HIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,PHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 84 IS 3 BP 296 EP 306 DI 10.1006/clin.1997.4376 PG 11 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA XV882 UT WOS:A1997XV88200009 PM 9281389 ER PT J AU Shlaes, DM Gerding, DN John, JF Craig, WA Bornstein, DL Duncan, RA Eckman, MR Farrer, WE Greene, WH Lorian, V Levy, S McGowan, JE Paul, SM Ruskin, J Tenover, FC Watanakunakorn, C AF Shlaes, DM Gerding, DN John, JF Craig, WA Bornstein, DL Duncan, RA Eckman, MR Farrer, WE Greene, WH Lorian, V Levy, S McGowan, JE Paul, SM Ruskin, J Tenover, FC Watanakunakorn, C TI Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance: Guidelines for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals (Reprinted from Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol 18, pg 275-91, 1997) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Reprint ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; AMIKACIN USE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE; CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE; CEPHALOSPORIN USE; ACTIVE EFFLUX; USAGE; SURVEILLANCE AB Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality, and costs of health care, Prevention of the emergence of resistance and the dissemination of resistant microorganisms will reduce these adverse effects and their attendant costs. Appropriate antimicrobial stewardship that includes optimal selection, dose, and duration of treatment, as well as control of antibiotic use, will prevent or slow the emergence of resistance among microorganisms. A comprehensively applied infection control program will interdict the dissemination of resistant strains. C1 VET AFFAIRS LAKESIDE MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ. WILLIAM S MIDDLETON MEM VET ADM MED CTR,MADISON,WI. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. LAHEY CLIN FDN,BURLINGTON,MA. DULUTH CLIN LTD,DULUTH,MN. ST ELIZABETH HOSP,ELIZABETH,NJ. SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,BRONX,NY 10456. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. KAISER PERMANENTE MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90034. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. ST ELIZABETH HOSP,MED CTR,YOUNGSTOWN,OH 44501. RP Shlaes, DM (reprint author), WYETH AYERST RES,401 N MIDDLETOWN RD,PEARL RIVER,NY 10965, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 85 TC 316 Z9 327 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 584 EP 599 DI 10.1086/513766 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XW375 UT WOS:A1997XW37500004 PM 9314444 ER PT J AU Duchin, JS Jereb, JA Nolan, CM Smith, P Onorato, IM AF Duchin, JS Jereb, JA Nolan, CM Smith, P Onorato, IM TI Comparison of sensitivities to two commercially available tuberculin skin test reagents in persons with recent tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Discrepancies have been reported between results obtained with tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) performed with use of different reagents, We compared TST results and determined the sensitivities of the two commercially available TSTs in 51 human immunodeficiency virus-negative persons with culture-confirmed active tuberculosis, Simultaneous TSTs were done with use of the Mantoux method and 5-tuberculin unit purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin preparations from single lots of Aplisol and Tubersol, Aplisol skin test reactions ranged from 5 mm to 26 mm (median, 16.0 mm), and Tubersol reactions ranged from 7 mm to 23 mm (median, 15.0 mm), The mean difference in paired reaction sizes for the two reagents was 0.58 mm and was not statistically different from zero (P value, 0.26), The difference in reaction sizes was less than or equal to 2 mm in 55% and greater than or equal to 5 mm in 18% of patients, With a cutoff of either 5 mm or 10 mm to define a positive reaction, all results were concordant, with sensitivity of 100% and 96%, respectively, We found indistinguishable reaction size distributions and median TST results for the two commercially available PPD TST reagents, Aplisol and Tubersol, in a population with recent culture-proven tuberculosis. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,DIV ALLERGY & INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Duchin, JS (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,400 YESLER WAY,3RD FLOOR,SEATTLE,WA 98104, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 661 EP 663 DI 10.1086/513771 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XW375 UT WOS:A1997XW37500016 PM 9314456 ER PT J AU Barzilay, JI Kronmal, RA Bittner, V Eaker, E Evans, C Foster, ED AF Barzilay, JI Kronmal, RA Bittner, V Eaker, E Evans, C Foster, ED TI Coronary artery disease in diabetic patients with lower-extremity arterial disease: Disease characteristics and survival - A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL VASCULAR-SURGERY; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; FRAMINGHAM; MORTALITY; BYPASS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DETERMINANTS AB OBJECTIVE - Patients who have diabetes and lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD) are at an increased risk of dying from coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was undertaken to: 1) define the clinical and arteriographic factors associated with LEAD among diabetic patients; 2) determine the long-term survival and predictors of mortality of diabetic patients with LEAD, compared to those without LEAD; and 3) determine if the presence of LEAD is an independent risk factor for mortality among diabetic patients with CAD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 263 diabetic patients from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry with LEAD, who were greater than or equal to 50 years of age, and who had arteriographically proven CAD, were identified and followed for a mean of 12.8 years. A total of 1,349 comparably aged diabetic patients from the CASS registry with CAD and no evidence of LEAD were followed for an equivalent period of time. RESULTS - Compared with diabetic patients without LEAD, diabetic patients with LEAD were characterized by the presence of cerebrovascular disease, a high rate of current smoking, elevated systolic blood pressure, high grades of angina pectoris, and digitalis use. Severity of epicardial CAD and extent of CAD were not independent predictors of the presence of LEAD. On follow-up, diabetic patients with LEAD had significantly higher mortality (mostly cardiovascular) than diabetic patients without LEAD, with a median survival of 8.1 and 10.9 years, respectively On multivariate analysis, age, the number of significantly narrowed coronary arteries, and the presence of left ventricular dysfunction predicted mortality in both subsets of diabetic patients. Among all the diabetic patients with CAD, the presence of LEAD was an independent risk factor for mortality. CONCLUSIONS - Diabetic patients with LEAD have a higher mortality rate (mostly cardiovascular) than diabetic patients without LEAD, despite no apparent anatomic differences in the severity and extent of CAD. This suggests that factors associated with the presence of LEAD, other than the anatomy of the coronary circulation, may play a role in determining survival among diabetic patients with LEAD and CAD. C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT MED, DIV ENDOCRINOL, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, COORDINATING CTR COLLABORAT STUDIES CORONARY ARTE, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DIV CARDIOVASC DIS, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON, DEPT SOCIAL STAT, SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH, HANTS, ENGLAND. ALBANY MED COLL, DIV CARDIOTHORAC SURG, ALBANY, NY 12208 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 1997 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1381 EP 1387 DI 10.2337/diacare.20.9.1381 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XT091 UT WOS:A1997XT09100009 PM 9283784 ER PT J AU Castranova, V Vallyathan, V Ramsey, DM McLaurin, JL Pack, D Leonard, S Barger, MW Ma, JYC Dalal, NS Teass, A AF Castranova, V Vallyathan, V Ramsey, DM McLaurin, JL Pack, D Leonard, S Barger, MW Ma, JYC Dalal, NS Teass, A TI Augmentation of pulmonary reactions to quartz inhalation by trace amounts of iron-containing particles SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on the Toxicology of Natural and Man-Made Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Particles CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL LAKE PLACID, NY DE Fenton reaction; silicosis; reactive oxygen species; inhalation; iron; nitric oxide; pulmonary inflammation; silica ID FREE-RADICALS; LUNG INJURY; LIPID HYDROPEROXIDES; OXIDANT GENERATION; POTENTIAL ROLE; SURFACE; SILICA; INFLAMMATION; INSTILLATION; DUST AB Fracturing quartz produces silica-based radicals on the fracture planes and generates hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-.) in aqueous media. (OH)-O-. production has been shown to be directly associated with quartz-induced cell damage and phagocyte activation in vitro. This (OH)-O-. production in vitro is inhibited by desferrioxamine mesylate, an Fe chelator, indicating involvement of a Fenton-like reaction. Our objective was to determine if Fe contamination increased the ability of inhaled quartz to cause inflammation and lung injury. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed 5 hr/day for 10 days to filtered air, 20 mg/m(3) freshly milled quartz (57 ppm Fe), or 20 mg/m(3) freshly milled quartz contaminated with Fe (430 ppm Fe). High Fe contamination of quartz produced approximately 57% more reactive species in water than quartz with low Fe contamination. Compared to inhalation of quartz with low Fe contamination, high Fe contamination of quartz resulted in increases in the following responses: leukocyte recruitment (537%), lavageable red blood cells (157%), macrophage production of oxygen radicals measured by electron spin resonance or chemiluminescence (32 or 90%, respectively), nitric oxide production by macrophages (71%), and lipid peroxidation of lung tissue (38%). These results suggest that inhalation of freshly fractured quartz contaminated with trace levels of Fe may be more pathogenic than inhalation of quartz alone. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP Castranova, V (reprint author), NIOSH,HELD,PPRB,1095 WILLOWDALE RD M-S 2015,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 26 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 105 SU 5 BP 1319 EP 1324 DI 10.2307/3433554 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YH510 UT WOS:A1997YH51000055 PM 9400745 ER PT J AU Siano, JP Grady, KK Millet, P Swerlick, RA Wick, TM AF Siano, JP Grady, KK Millet, P Swerlick, RA Wick, TM TI Plasmodium falciparum: Soluble thrombospondin increases cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes to human microvascular endothelium under shear flow conditions SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; thrombospondin; cytoadherence; shear flow ID HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; ADHESION MOLECULE-1; RED-CELLS; RECEPTOR; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SEQUESTRATION; GLYCOPROTEIN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOG & DIAGNOST BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Siano, JP (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CHEM ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. OI Wick, Timothy/0000-0001-8922-0939 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 87 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1006/expr.1997.4186 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XU968 UT WOS:A1997XU96800009 PM 9287960 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Clark, LF Moore, JS AF Miller, KS Clark, LF Moore, JS TI Sexual initiation with older male partners and subsequent HIV risk behavior among female adolescents SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; INTERCOURSE; INFECTION AB Data from a 1993-1994 survey of 150 black and Hispanic teenagers were used to examine differences in HIV risk-related behavior between young women who have a first sexual partner three or more years older than themselves and those whose first partner is their age. Compared with teenagers whose fir;st partner had been roughly their age, the 35% of adolescents with an older partner had been younger at first intercourse (13.8 years vs. 14.6) and less likely to use a condom at first intercourse (63% vs. 82%) They also were less likely to report having used a condom at last intercourse (29% vs. 44%) or having used condoms consistently over their lifetime (37% vs. 56%) or in the previous six months (44% vs. 66%). Some 38% of teenagers with an older first partner had ever been pregnant, compared with 12% of those with a peer-age first partner. The mean number of partners and history of sexually transmitted diseases did not differ between the two groups. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 29 IS 5 BP 212 EP 214 DI 10.2307/2953397 PG 3 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA XY438 UT WOS:A1997XY43800003 PM 9323497 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Thompson, B Smith, SM Harris, JR Madans, J Hunter, EL AF Nelson, DE Thompson, B Smith, SM Harris, JR Madans, J Hunter, EL TI Monitoring system change: A new need for an old tool - A modest proposal to integrate public health surveillance with health services research. SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,OFF VITAL & HLTH STAT SYST,NCHS,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NCHS,OFF PLANNING BUDGET & LEGISLAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.16.5.134 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA XY064 UT WOS:A1997XY06400013 PM 9314684 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Epidemiology of hepatitis C SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National-Institute-of-Health Consensus Development Conference for the Management of Hepatitis C CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL KENSINGTON, MD SP NIH, Off Med Applicat Res, NIAID, NHLBI, NIDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent ID NON-B HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; NON-A; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; PERSONNEL AB In the United States, the annual number of newly acquired acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has declined from an estimated 180,000 in the mid 1980s to an estimated 28,000 in 1995. Approximately 25% to 30% of these infections are clinically apparent cases that are sufficiently symptomatic to gain medical attention. Deaths from fulminant hepatitis C are rare. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in the general population of the United States is 1.8%, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million Americans infected with HCV, and an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year result from HCV-associated chronic liver disease, HCV infection affects persons of all ages, but most acute cases of hepatitis C and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV are found among young adults. The highest proportion both of incident cases and prevalent infections is among whites, but the highest incidence and prevalence rates are among non-white racial/ethnic groups. In the past, transfusion of blood and blood products was an important source of HCV transmission, but currently, high-risk drug and sexual exposures account for most HCV transmission. Although the incidence of acute hepatitis C has declined, there is a large reservoir of chronically infected Americans who can serve as a source of transmission to others and who are at risk of the severe consequences of chronic Liver disease. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 296 Z9 312 U1 2 U2 8 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD SEP PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 SU 1 BP S62 EP S65 DI 10.1002/hep.510260711 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA XW273 UT WOS:A1997XW27300012 PM 9305666 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Gillum, RF AF Vargas, CM Gillum, RF TI Association of serum albumin and blood pressure in a multiethnic population SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0194-911X J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD SEP PY 1997 VL 30 IS 3 BP P18 EP P18 PN 1 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XY068 UT WOS:A1997XY06800116 ER PT J AU Braden, CR AF Braden, CR TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - Commentary SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Braden, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 7 BP 437 EP 444 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE269 UT WOS:A1997YE26900012 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Fields, BS Breiman, RF AF Butler, JC Fields, BS Breiman, RF TI Prevention and control of legionellosis SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; COOLING-TOWER WATER; PONTIAC FEVER; EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER; HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT; DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NCID,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 88 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 6 IS 7 BP 458 EP 464 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YE269 UT WOS:A1997YE26900015 ER PT J AU Wolfe, WS Sobal, J Olson, CM Frongillo, EA Williamson, DF AF Wolfe, WS Sobal, J Olson, CM Frongillo, EA Williamson, DF TI Parity-associated weight gain and its modification by sociodemographic and behavioral factors: a prospective analysis in US women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE parity; pregnancy; postpartum; weight; obesity; overweight ID BODY-WEIGHT; NATIONAL-HEALTH; WHITE WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; PREGNANCY; OBESITY; POSTPARTUM; MORTALITY; RETENTION; SMOKING AB OBJECTIVE: To examine how the relationship between parity increase and weight gain is modified by sociodemographic and behavioral factors. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971-75) and its follow-up of those aged 25 y and older, the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Survey (NHEFS, 1982-84). SUBJECTS: The analytical sample was nationally representative of the United States and included 2952 white or African-American non-pregnant women aged 25-45 y at baseline, who were re-measured approximately 10 y later. MEASUREMENTS: Statistical interactions in multiple linear and logistic regression models were examined to identify how eight sociodemographic and three behavioral factors modified the effect of parity increase on body weight change and risk of substantial weight gain. RESULTS: Factors that increased parity-associated weight gain included being African-American, living in a rural area, not working outside the home, having fewer children, lower income and lower education, and being unmarried. Among white women, being younger and having higher body weight at baseline increased parity-associated weight gain, while among African-American women, being older and having lower body weight increased parity-associated weight gain. African-American smokers gained less weight with an increase in parity, while the interactions between smoking and physical activity with parity-associated weight gain in whites were complex. CONCLUSION: The effects of sociodemographic and behavioral factors on parity-associated weight gain varied by race and parity change, with the most consistent findings being that unmarried and unemployed white women had greater parity-associated weight gain, while both white and African-American women who smoked, had higher education, or higher parity had lower parity-associated weight gain. This information may contribute to better targeting and more effective interventions to prevent postpartum weight retention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Wolfe, WS (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,MVR HALL,ITHACA,NY 14850, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29549] NR 44 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 21 IS 9 BP 802 EP 810 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800478 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA XU449 UT WOS:A1997XU44900011 PM 9376894 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Linnan, M Barakbah, Y Idajadi, A Kambodji, A Schulz, K AF Joesoef, MR Linnan, M Barakbah, Y Idajadi, A Kambodji, A Schulz, K TI Patterns of sexually transmitted diseases in female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted disease; sex worker; Indonesia ID RISK-FACTORS; HIV; TRANSMISSION; PROSTITUTES; THAILAND; IMPACT AB Sex workers and their clients as core groups of high frequency transmitters play a dominant role in the transmission of HN and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In Surabaya, Indonesia, little is known about the prevalence of STDs in various sex establishments. We conducted an STD prevalence survey of 1873 female sex workers in Surabaya, Indonesia. We did not find any sex workers with HIV infection. Prevalence rates of other STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, serological test for syphilis positive, and/or trichomoniasis) in female sex workers were 48% in brothels (n=696), 42% on the streets (n=192), 16% in massage parlours (n=344), 25% in barber shops (n=150), 17% at call-girl houses (n=73), and 10% in nightclubs (n=418). Sex workers from the brothels had the highest prevalence rates of gonorrhoea (24%) and trichomoniasis (8%), while sex workers from the streets and the barber shop had the highest rates of serological test for syphilis (STS) positive (30%) and chlamydia (18%). STD rates decreased with an increase in age (except for STS positive), an increase in education, a decrease in the number of sex partners, and condom use in the previous week. Condom use in the previous week was universally low among sex workers, especially among sex workers from the brothels (14%). Sex workers from the brothels had STD rates about 4 times higher than sex workers from the nightclubs (adjusted odds ratio of 4.4). Although the HIV seroprevalence rate is currently low, widespread prostitution and high rates of STDs in sex workers warrant programmes to avert a potential explosion of HIV transmission. Because sex workers from the brothels in Surabaya have high rates of STDs and low use of condoms but good cooperation with local authorities, STD preventive measures should focus on this group. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 8AE SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 IS 9 BP 576 EP 580 DI 10.1258/0956462971920811 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XT676 UT WOS:A1997XT67600007 PM 9292347 ER PT J AU Douglas, KA Collins, JL Warren, C Kann, L Gold, R Clayton, S Ross, JG Kolbe, LJ AF Douglas, KA Collins, JL Warren, C Kann, L Gold, R Clayton, S Ross, JG Kolbe, LJ TI Results from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE alcohol and other drug use; college students; dietary behaviors; injuries; physical activity; sexual behavior; tobacco use ID BINGE-DRINKING; PREVALENCE; STUDENTS AB Results from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey, which monitored health risk behaviors among US college and university undergraduates, suggest that many students' behaviors increase their likelihood of adverse health outcomes. During the 30 days preceding the survey, 34% of the participants had consumed five or more alcoholic drinks on at least one occasion, and 27% had drunk alcohol and driven a car. Thirty-one percent had smoked cigarettes regularly during their lifetimes, 49% had ever used marijuana, 30% had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse, 21% were overweight, and 38% had participated in vigorous physical activity on 3 or more of the 7 days preceding the survey. These data were analyzed by gender, age group, race and ethnicity, and institution type. They can be used by those responsible for the health and education of college students to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SURVEILANCE & EVALUAT RES BRANCH, DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH, ATLANTA, GA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SURVEILLANCE RES SECT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA USA. MACRO INT, CALVERTON, MD USA. RP Douglas, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 236 Z9 236 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0744-8481 EI 1940-3208 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 46 IS 2 BP 55 EP 66 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XU701 UT WOS:A1997XU70100002 PM 9276349 ER PT J AU Kaufman, L Standard, PG Jalbert, M Kraft, DE AF Kaufman, L Standard, PG Jalbert, M Kraft, DE TI Immunohistologic identification of Aspergillus spp. and other hyaline fungi by using polyclonal fluorescent antibodies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; REAGENTS; PATIENT AB Isolation and identification of pathogenic Aspergillus and Fusarium spp, from clinical materials provide the most accurate means for establishing a diagnosis of infections by these molds, Such efforts, however, are not always successful. Histologic diagnosis also has its limitations, In vivo the hyphae of Aspergillus and Fusarium spp, are very similar and their in situ manifestations are not pathognomonic. To improve the histologic diagnosis of infections by Aspergillus and Fusarium species, we developed polyclonal fluorescent-antibody reagents to Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani and evaluated their diagnostic utilities. Our studies revealed that A. fumigatus and F. solani share epitopes not only with one another but also with other Aspergillus and Fusarium spp, as well as with Paecilomyces lilacinus and Pseudallescheria boydii. Adsorption of the A. fumigatus conjugate with cells of Fusarium proliferatum and F, solani and F, solani antiserum with cells of Aspergillus flavus resulted in reagents that distinguished Aspergillus spp, from Fusarium spp, hut that still cross-stained P. lilacinus and P. boydii, adjunctive use of a specific P, boydii conjugate enabled the identification of Aspergillus spp,, Fusarium spp., P. lilacinus, and P. boydii in formalin-fixed tissue sections from 19 humans with culture-proven casts of mycotic infection. RP Kaufman, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MS-G11,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2206 EP 2209 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XR237 UT WOS:A1997XR23700003 PM 9276388 ER PT J AU Satake, S Clark, N Rimland, D Nolte, FS Tenover, FC AF Satake, S Clark, N Rimland, D Nolte, FS Tenover, FC TI Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in fecal samples by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; FAECIUM; IDENTIFICATION; CASSELIFLAVUS; GALLINARUM; OUTBREAK; LEVEL AB Surveillance cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are time-consuming and expensive for the laboratory to perform. Therefore, we investigated the use of PCR as an alternative method of detecting and identifying VRE directly in fecal samples. PCR primers directed to vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, and enterococcal ligase genes were used to detect and identify VRE in fecal material obtained by rectal or perirectal swabbing, Although PCR-inhibitory substances were present in DNA prepared directly from the swabs, the inhibitory substances could be reduced by processing the nucleic acid with two commercially available DNA preparation columns, Fecal material from 333 swabs was cultured on several selective agar media before and after broth enrichment. DNA was extracted from the fecal material and was analyzed by PCR, By using all four primer sets, only 59 (67.8%) of the samples were positive for vanA. However, after retesting the negative samples with only the vanA primer set, 77 (88.5%) of 87 specimens that were culture positive for Enterococcus faecium containing vanA were positive by PCR, One specimen was PCR positive for the vanA gene but culture negative for enterococci, The specificity of the vanA assay was 99.6%. PCR analysis of enrichment broth samples with all four primers sets after 15 to 18 h of incubation detected 74 (85.1%) of the 87 culture-positive specimens, The specificity of the vanA assay after the enrichment step was 100%, No vanB-containing enterococci were recovered by culture. Since 16 samples can be tested by PCR in 4 h (including electrophoresis), identification of VRE is possible within 8 h of specimen submission at a cost of approximately $10.12/assay. Thus, PCR may be a cost-effective alternative to culture for surveillance of VRE in some hospitals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH G08,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30323. EMORY UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 31 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2325 EP 2330 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XR237 UT WOS:A1997XR23700026 PM 9276411 ER PT J AU Norris, DE Johnson, BJB Piesman, J Maupin, GO Clark, JL Black, WC AF Norris, DE Johnson, BJB Piesman, J Maupin, GO Clark, JL Black, WC TI Culturing selects for specific genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in an enzootic cycle in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISMS; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SENSU-LATO; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INVITRO CULTIVATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SP-NOV AB In Colorado, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is maintained in an enzootic cycle between Ixodes spinipalpis ticks and Neotoma mexicana rats (27). The frequencies of flagellin (fla), 66-kDa protein (p66), and outer surface protein A (ospA) alleles were examined in 71 B. burgdorferi isolates from samples from Colorado. Approximately two-thirds of these samples were isolates from I, spinipalpis ticks that had been cultured in BSK-H medium prior to DNA extraction, The remaining samples were from total DNA extracted directly from infected I. spinipalpis ticks, A portion of each gene was amplified by PCR and screened for genetic variability by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, We identified three alleles in the fla gene, seven in the p66 gene, and seven in the ospA gene, Sequencing verified that the amplified products originated from B. burgdorferi template DNA and indicated 100% sensitivity and specificity of the SSCP analysis, The frequencies of the p66 and ospA alleles were significantly different between cultured and uncultured spirochetes, The number of three-locus genotypes and the genetic diversity of alleles at all loci were consistently lower in cultured spirochetes, suggesting that culturing of B. burgdorferi in BSK-H medium may select for specific genotypes. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 51 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2359 EP 2364 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XR237 UT WOS:A1997XR23700031 PM 9276416 ER PT J AU Goering, RV Tenover, FC AF Goering, RV Tenover, FC TI Epidemiological interpretation of chromosomal macro-restriction fragment patterns analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH G08,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Goering, RV (reprint author), CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,OMAHA,NE 68178, USA. NR 4 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2432 EP 2432 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XR237 UT WOS:A1997XR23700050 PM 9276435 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Stephens, RC Cochran, DC Huff, HK AF Chen, HT Stephens, RC Cochran, DC Huff, HK TI Problems and solutions for estimating the prevalence of drug abuse among arrestees SO JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES LA English DT Article AB The Drug Use Forecasting program is an important national data set that estimates the prevalence of psychoactive drug use among recent arrestees. However, because provision of urine samples is voluntary and many arrestees refuse to provide specimens, use of the urinalysis results in estimating prevalence of use may lead to inaccurate estimates. This paper provides a selection model to estimate drug use among those who refuse to take urine tests. The results indicate that those arrestees who refuse urine testing generally have a higher percentage of drug use than those who agree to take the test. The applications of this model allow an overall estimation of the extent of drug usage for all arrestees. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Sociol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU J DRUG ISSUES INC PI TALLAHASSEE PA FLORIDA STATE UNIV, SCHOOL CRIMINOLOGY CRIMINAL JUSTICE, PO BOX 66696, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32313-6696 USA SN 0022-0426 J9 J DRUG ISSUES JI J. Drug Issues PD FAL PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 689 EP 701 PG 13 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA YM245 UT WOS:000071044300001 ER PT J AU Matar, GM Hayes, PS Bibb, WF BalaSwaminathan AF Matar, GM Hayes, PS Bibb, WF BalaSwaminathan TI Listeriolysin O-based latex agglutination test for the rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; listeriolysin; detection; latex agglutination; foods; rapid assay ID ACID HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENRICHMENT; MILK AB A latex agglutination-based test for the rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods was developed. An anti-listeriolysin O (LLO) monoclonal antibody (H1D5E12D7; IgG(2b)) covalently bound to polystyrene amidine-modified latex beads was used in a slide agglutination assay. The latex reagent detected 0.1 ng/ml of LLO in phosphate-buffered saline plus bovine serum albumin. It reacted with culture supernatants of L. monocytogenes but not with other Listeria species or Streptococcus groups A through G. The listeriolysin O latex agglutination assay (LLOLAT) was applied to 24-h and 48-h USDA primary enrichment cultures of 208 food samples obtained from refrigerators of listeriosis patients enrolled in a study to determine the role of foods in sporadic listeriosis. Of 19 samples positive by cultural techniques, 17 were positive by the LLOLAT. Cultures with low (<0.3 CFU/g) levels of L. monocytogenes were positive in the LLOLAT. No cross-reactivity occurred when using a heterogeneous monoclonal antibody. The LLOLAT is a sensitive, specific and rapid test and may be useful for screening foods for L. monocytogenes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 60 IS 9 BP 1038 EP 1040 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA XX990 UT WOS:A1997XX99000005 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Gubler, DJ Trent, DW AF Lanciotti, RS Gubler, DJ Trent, DW TI Molecular evolution and phylogeny of dengue-4 viruses SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SEQUENCES; GENE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Nucleotide sequences of the envelope protein genes of 19 geographically and temporally distinct dengue (DEN)-4 viruses were determined. Nucleic acid sequence comparison revealed that the identity among the DEN-4 viruses was greater than 92%, Similarity among deduced amino acids was between 96 and 100%; in most cases identical amino acid substitutions occurred among viruses from similar geographical regions. Alignment of nucleic acid sequences followed by parsimony analysis generated phylogenetic trees, which indicated that geographically independent evolution of DEN-4 viruses had occurred. DEN-4 viruses were separated into two genetically distinct subtypes (genotypes). Genotype-1 contains viruses from the Philippines, Thailand and Sri Lanka; genotype-2 consists of viruses from Indonesia, Tahiti, the Caribbean Islands (Puerto Rico, Dominica) and Central and South America. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 20 TC 142 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 78 BP 2279 EP 2286 PN 9 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XT710 UT WOS:A1997XT71000018 PM 9292015 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Karon, JM Ward, JW AF Selik, RM Karon, JM Ward, JW TI Effect of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections in the United States in 1993 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Antibody Workshop - The Role of Humoral Immunity in the Treatment and Prevention of Emerging and Extant Infectious Diseases CY JUN 02-04, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, NIAID, NICHD, NCI, US FDA ID REGRESSION; AIDS AB To measure the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections (OIs) in 1993, national multiple-cause death certificate data were examined using two approaches. First, for each OI, the percentage of deaths with HIV infection reported as the underlying cause was calculated. Second, the age-adjusted rate of death per million population was compared with the rate predicted from a model of rates in 1970-1980 or 1979-1981, as available. The percentage of deaths with HIV as the underlying cause and the ratio of observed to predicted death rates were as follows: toxoplasmosis, 91% and 86 (5.24/0.06); cryptosporidiosis/isosporiasis, 90% and infinite (1.61/0.00); progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 87% and 19 (2.58/0.13); pneumocystosis, 82% and 18 (15.44/0.87); cytomegalovirus disease, 82% and 17 (12.60/0.74); nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, 79% and 18 (15.51/0.84); cryptococcosis, 76% and 4 (5.80/1.35); and histoplasmosis, 68% and 6 (1.36/0.23). Thus, the HIV epidemic has greatly increased mortality from several OIs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), CDC, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, MAIL STOP E-47, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 176 IS 3 BP 632 EP 636 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XT819 UT WOS:A1997XT81900011 PM 9291308 ER PT J AU Sanchez, MP Erdman, DD Torok, TJ Freeman, CJ Matyas, BT AF Sanchez, MP Erdman, DD Torok, TJ Freeman, CJ Matyas, BT TI Outbreak of adenovirus 35 pneumonia among adult residents and staff of a chronic care psychiatric facility SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Antibody Workshop - The Role of Humoral Immunity in the Treatment and Prevention of Emerging and Extant Infectious Diseases CY JUN 02-04, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, NIAID, NICHD, NCI, US FDA ID CLOZAPINE AB Outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by adenovirus are rarely documented in civilian populations, and adenovirus 35 is an uncommon serotype best recognized as a cause of serious disease in immunocompromised patients. An outbreak of adenovirus 35 pneumonia among residents and staff of a chronic care psychiatric facility was investigated. Fourteen (26%) of 53 residents and 4 (2%) of similar to 200 staff had radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Thirteen (93%) of 14 residents with pneumonia were hospitalized, 5 (36%) required mechanical ventilation and 1 (7%) died. One staff member was hospitalized. Adenovirus infection was diagnosed in 17 (94%) persons with pneumonia by culture or serology and was confirmed as adenovirus 35 infection in 8 persons. Residents with pneumonia had resided at the facility longer than other residents. Chronic illness was not a risk factor for severe disease. Crowding and poor hygienic behaviors probably facilitated transmission among residents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,PROVIDENCE,RI. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 176 IS 3 BP 760 EP 763 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XT819 UT WOS:A1997XT81900030 PM 9291327 ER PT J AU Keene, WE Hedberg, K Herriott, DE Hancock, DD McKay, RW Barrett, TJ Fleming, DW AF Keene, WE Hedberg, K Herriott, DE Hancock, DD McKay, RW Barrett, TJ Fleming, DW TI Prolonged outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections caused by commercially distributed raw milk SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A protracted outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections was caused by consumption of unpasteurized (''raw'') milk sold at Oregon grocery stores. Although it never caused a noticeable increase in reported infections, the outbreak was recognized because of routine follow-up interviews. Six of 16 Portland-area cases reported between December 1992 and April 1993 involved people who drank raw milk from dairy A, By pulsed-held gel electrophoresis (PFGE), E. coli O157::H7 isolates from these cases and from the dairy A herd were homologous (initially, 4 of 132 animals were E. coli O157:H7-positive). Despite public warnings, new labelling requirements, and increased monitoring of dairy A, retail sales and dairy-associated infections continued until June 1994 (a total of 14 primary cases). Seven distinguishable PFGE patterns in 3 homology groups were identified among patient and dairy herd E. coli O157:H7 isolates, Without restrictions on distribution, E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks caused by raw milk consumption can continue indefinitely, with infections occurring intermittently and unpredictably. C1 OREGON DEPT AGR,FOOD SAFETY DIV,SALEM,OR. ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,SALEM,OR. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,FIELD DIS INVEST UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Keene, WE (reprint author), OREGON HLTH DIV,ACUTE & COMMUNICABLE DIS SECT,800 NE OREGON ST,SUITE 772,PORTLAND,OR 97232, USA. NR 15 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 176 IS 3 BP 815 EP 818 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XT819 UT WOS:A1997XT81900045 PM 9291342 ER PT J AU Durry, E Pappagianis, D Werner, SB Hutwagner, L Sun, RK Maurer, M McNeil, MM Pinner, RW AF Durry, E Pappagianis, D Werner, SB Hutwagner, L Sun, RK Maurer, M McNeil, MM Pinner, RW TI Coccidioidomycosis in Tulare County, California, 1991: reemergence of an endemic disease SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coccidioidomycosis; Tulare County AB In 1991, 1208 cases of coccidioidomycosis were reported to the California Department of Health Services, compared with an annual average of 450 during 1986-90. We conducted a study in Tulare County to define the epidemiology of the disease and identify risk factors for severe disease, focusing on the epidemic period September 1991-December 1991. To identify cases, we used data from the Coccidioidomycosis Serology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis, other laboratories, and the Tulare County Health Department's coccidioidomycosis reporting system. We compared patients who were hospitalized with those who were not to determine risk factors for severe disease. We identified 128 cases of acute coccidioidomycosis diagnosed between 1 September and 31 December 1991 (attack rate 41/100 000); south central Tulare County had the highest attack rate. Thirty-five (27%) case-patients were hospitalized. Male sex (relative risk (RR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.0), black people and Asian races (RR 4.8, 95% CI 2.4-9.6), and age greater than or equal to 20 years (RR 8.3, 95% CI 1.2-57.4) were univariately significant and remained independently associated with hospitalization in multivariate analysis. The 1991 Tulare County outbreak of coccidioidomycosis was part of a much larger outbreak that began in California during 1991 and continued through 1993. The outbreak was preceded by an unusually rainy spring. Although dust reduction measures during times of increased coccidioidomycosis incidence can help reduce exposure, definitive control awaits the development of a safe, effective vaccine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, MYCOT DIS BRANCH, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA. TULARE CTY HLTH DEPT, TULARE, CA 93274 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YG450 UT WOS:A1997YG45000003 PM 9402524 ER PT J AU Crabtree, MB Savage, HM Miller, BR AF Crabtree, MB Savage, HM Miller, BR TI Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for differentiation between Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx-p-quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America based on genomic differences identified by subtractive hybridization. SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens complex; species identification; subtractive hybridization; polymerase chain reaction assay ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; RIBOSOMAL DNA; POPULATIONS; SPACERS; SAY AB Culex pipiens is a complex of mosquitoes that are involved in the transmission of pathogens, including St. Louis encephalitis virus in North America. The 2 major taxa in the complex, Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, are nearly identical morphologically, making identification of field-collected specimens difficult, and attempts at differentiation based on biochemical and molecular techniques have been unsuccessful. We report here the use of genomic subtractive hybridization to identify a region of nucleic acid heterology between the genomes of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to discriminate between them. PCR primers based on the nucleic add sequence of a Cx. p. piplens-unique DNA fragment were used to differentiate Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. pipiens/quinquefasciatus hybrids from Cx. p. quinquefasciatus by using extracted individual mosquito genomic DNA, crude DNA preparations from a mosquito head or legs, and DNA from triturated mosquito pools. RP Crabtree, MB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, ARBOVIRUS DIS BRANCH, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 532 EP 537 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA YA222 UT WOS:A1997YA22200007 PM 9379458 ER PT J AU Cornel, AJ Coetzee, M VanRensburg, AJ Koekemoer, LL Hunt, RH Collins, FH AF Cornel, AJ Coetzee, M VanRensburg, AJ Koekemoer, LL Hunt, RH Collins, FH TI Ribosomal DNA-polymerase chain reaction assay discriminates between Anopheles quadriannulatus and An-merus (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae complex; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA ID GAMBIAE COMPLEX DIPTERA; IDENTIFYING MEMBERS; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; PCR AB A ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction technique (rDNA-PCR) that distinguishes the 5 more common and widespread members of the Anopheles gambiae complex failed to consistently identify specimens of Anopheles merus Donitz collected in South Africa and Tanzania. When the original rDNh-PCR assay was applied to field-collected specimens or specimens from laboratory colonies established from these populations, bands diagnostic of both An. merus and An. quadriannulatus (Theobald) were amplified from all individual specimens. However, all the specimens tested had the polytene chromosome banding morphology or the superoxide dismutase isozyme that were diagnostic fbr An. merus. Replacement of the original An. quadriannulatus-specific primer vith a new primer derived from another region of the rDNA intergenic spacer resulted in an alternative rDNA-PCR assay that accurately and consistently differentiated among specimens of An. merus, An. quadriannulatus, and An. arabiensis Patton. Anopheles gambiae Giles also may be distinguished by this assay if high percentage agarose gels or gels of other matrices with better resolving powers are used. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. S AFRICAN INST MED RES,SCH PATHOL,DEPT TROP DIS,ZA-2000 JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV WITWATERSRAND,ZA-2000 JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. RP Cornel, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ENTOMOL BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 34 IS 5 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA YA222 UT WOS:A1997YA22200014 PM 9379465 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Woods, PA Leite, JPG Das, BK Ramachandran, M Bhan, MK Hart, CA Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Cunliffe, NA Woods, PA Leite, JPG Das, BK Ramachandran, M Bhan, MK Hart, CA Glass, RI Gentsch, JR TI Sequence analysis of NSP4 gene of human rotavirus allows classification into two main genetic groups SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HRV; NSP4; toxic peptide; genotypes ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RNA-RNA HYBRIDIZATION; NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN; CELL-CULTURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEW-DELHI; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN AB The rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4 may represent the first identified viral enterotoxin. We have sequenced reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-generated fragments of 16 NSP4 genes of human rotavirus (HRV) strains from six different countries, representing seven different G and P type combinations. Based on the amount of sequence divergence between these and 11 previously sequenced NSP4 genes of human and animal rotaviruses, three distinct genetic groups could be recognized. Most strains within a group were closely related to each other at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) levels (usually <10% divergence) but more distantly related (maximum 30.0% nt divergence and 24.7% aa divergence) to members of the other groups. Intergroup variation occurred in two highly variable regions of NSP4 (aa 16-34 and aa 131-148). The NSP4 ''toxic peptide'' (aa 114-135) exhibited aa variation at its carboxy terminus both within and between genetic groups. The largest group (genetic group II) contained HRV strains of subgroup II specificity (including genotypes P[8]G1, P[8]G3, P[6]G3, and P[8]G5 and serotype P8[11]G9), and the smaller group (genetic group I) contained HRV strains of subgroup I specificity (genotype P[4]G2). The NSP4 sequence of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine strain was distinct from all other strains and formed the third group (genetic group III). The NSP4 genes of animal rotaviruses UK, NCDV, and SA11 (genetic group I) and YM (genetic group II) and two possible human-animal rotavirus reassortant strains, Brazilian P[8]G5 and Indian P[11]G9 (genetic group II), could also be classified into one of these groups, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between human and animal NSP4 genes. These results will facilitate studies of the host immune response to NSP4, which may be relevant to future HRV vaccine design. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & GENITOURINARY MED,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. UNIV LIVERPOOL,WELLCOME TRUST,LIVERPOOL CTR CLIN TROP MED,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. INST OSWALDO CRUZ,DEPT VIROL,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 FU Wellcome Trust NR 56 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 53 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199709)53:1<41::AID-JMV8>3.3.CO;2-N PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA XT948 UT WOS:A1997XT94800008 PM 9298731 ER PT J AU Lundkvist, A Hukic, M Horling, J Gilljam, M Nichol, S Niklasson, B AF Lundkvist, A Hukic, M Horling, J Gilljam, M Nichol, S Niklasson, B TI Puumala and Dobrava viruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Evidence of highly cross-neutralizing antibody responses in early patient sera SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hantavirus; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; Dobrava virus; Puumala virus; neutralization test ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; VOLE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; GENOME STRUCTURE; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; IMMUNOASSAYS; DETERMINANTS; INFECTIONS AB Hantavirus infection was diagnosed serologically by mu-capture IgM and IgG ELISAs in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) patients admitted to Tuzla Hospital, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The results indicated that more than one hantavirus caused the outbreak. To address the question of which hantavirus serotypes were involved, sequentially drawn sera were analyzed by focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) for antibodies against Puumala, Hantaan, Dobrava, and Seoul hantaviruses. The data revealed that acute-or early convalescent-phase sera, even when drawn as late as 3 weeks after the onset of disease, could not be used for typing of the causative hantavirus; a significant number of these samples showed similar reactivity of neutralizing antibodies to several different hantavirus serotypes. Moreover, although several acute-phase sera showed the highest FRNT titer to Hantaan virus, convalescent sera from these patients in all cases showed high specificity for Puumala or Dobrava viruses. This phenomenon, interpreted as a cross-neutralizing primary antibody response, makes several earlier reports concerning causative agents of HFRS questionable. Serological examination of small rodents trapped in the endemic area identified Puumala- and Dobrava-like virus infections. RT-PCR and sequencing of rodent lung samples identified Dobrava virus in one yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). Cross-FRNT data, using polyclonal rabbit antibodies, clearly confirmed Dobrava virus as a unique hantavirus serotype. In conclusion, the results revealed that both Puumala-and Dobrava-like viruses caused HFRS in Bosnia-Herzegovina, whereas no signs of Hantaan or Seoul virus involvement were found. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 KAROLINSKA INST, CTR MICROBIOL & TUMOR BIOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. UNIV CLIN CTR, TUZLA, BOSNIA & HERCEG. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. NATL DEF RES ESTAB, UMEA, SWEDEN. RP Lundkvist, A (reprint author), SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL, S-10521 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. NR 39 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 53 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA XT948 UT WOS:A1997XT94800009 PM 9298732 ER PT J AU Baker, EL AF Baker, EL TI Expanding the specialty of occupational and environmental medicine: The role of the chief health officer SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; CARE AB Passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1971 represented a major milestone for occupational and environmental medicine. Creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) flowed directly from the legislation, and the specialty of occupational medicine entered a new era. As the 25th anniversaries of OSHA and NIOSH are celebrated, consideration of the future of the specialty of occupational an environmental medicine seems timely. In this lecture, an expanded role for the specialty is proposed, based on an analysis of the forces shaping the practice of public health and the opportunities that these forces present. This analysis suggests considering the concept of a ''Chief Health Officer'' serving the broad health needs of the workplace. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD K36,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 39 IS 9 BP 844 EP 848 DI 10.1097/00043764-199709000-00007 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY067 UT WOS:A1997XY06700006 PM 9322167 ER PT J AU Beltran, ED Malvitz, DM Eklund, SA AF Beltran, ED Malvitz, DM Eklund, SA TI Validity of two methods for assessing oral health status of populations SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE validity; reliability; visual-tactile examination; screenings; questionnaire; oral health assessment; surveillance ID RESTORATIVE TREATMENT; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; TREATMENT DECISIONS; TREATMENT NEEDS; UNITED-STATES; DENTAL-HEALTH; CARIES RISK; DENTISTS; QUESTIONNAIRE; LEUKOPLAKIA AB Objective: This investigation assessed two methods for estimating epidemiologic indicators of oral health status among children: (1) a visual-only screening, performed independently by a dental hygienist and a registered nurse; and (2) a parent- or guardian-completed questionnaire. The indicators included dichotomous variables measuring dental caries and treatment needs, presence of sealants, injuries to the anterior teeth, and dental fluorosis. Methods: Following training and calibration, data were collected over an eight-day period in April 1994 among 632 elementary schoolchildren (aged 5 to 12 years) in Monticello, Georgia. Both screening and questionnaire findings were compared pairwise with results from visual-tactile examinations done by a dentist. Validity, represented by sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, was assessed for screening results from the dental hygienist, the nurse, and the parent-completed questionnaire. Results: Validity was high for screening for caries and treatment needs (>90% for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values in a sample having 30% to 40% prevalence). Less valid data - mainly an effect of false negatives - were obtained for fluorosis, injuries, and presence of sealants. No significant difference in validity was observed between the nurse and the dental hygienist. One-third of respondents to the questionnaire did not know if their children needed fillings (a proxy for untreated decay) or had received sealants; only knowledge of restorations was comparable to results from screening. Intraexaminer reliability far the two screeners ranged from 85 to 100 for percent agreement and 0.70 to 0.93 for kappa scores. Conclusions: Screening by dental hygienists or nurses can provide valid data far surveillance of dental caries and treatment needs. Training for visual assessment of fluorosis and injuries must be improved to diminish the proportion of false negatives A parent-completed questionnaire is less effective than visual screening for evaluating oral health status in children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, NCCDPHP, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Res Branch, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Beltran, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-10, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 4 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1997.tb02977.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZF024 UT WOS:000072855100003 PM 9558624 ER PT J AU Vernon, ME Bryan, G Hunt, P Allensworth, D Bradley, B AF Vernon, ME Bryan, G Hunt, P Allensworth, D Bradley, B TI Immunization services for adolescents within comprehensive school health programs SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Every school day, more than 95% of the nation's five- to 17-year-olds attend one of almost 110,000 elementary and secondary schools where they receive instruction in how to avoid major health-threatening behaviors. School is also the place where children and adolescents can be given preventive health care services, including administration of vaccines and monitoring of immunization levels. This article addresses how expanding school health services could improve immunization levels of school-aged youth. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DIV COMMUNITY PEDIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP Vernon, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROGRAM DEV SERV BRANCH,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 7 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD606 UT WOS:A1997YD60600004 PM 9358376 ER PT J AU Gordon, TE Zook, EG Averhoff, FM Williams, WW AF Gordon, TE Zook, EG Averhoff, FM Williams, WW TI Consent for adolescent vaccination: Issues and current practices SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MEASLES AB To identify and describe implementation of slate-level informed consent requirements for adolescent immunizations, current stare regulations on informed consent and immunization services for children and adolescents were identified through the LEXIS-NEXIS(R) legal data base. Regulations were coded for informed consent characteristics, consent exemptions, and current immunization requirements. Stare immunization program directors, project managers, and state hepatitis coordinators were surveyed to catalogue how regulations were implemented and document new policies or regulations under consideration. Parental consent for immunizations is standard practice in 43 states. Most states (n=34) require separate consent for each injection when more than one injection is required to complete a vaccination, but only for a limited number of medical procedures. Nine states allow adolescents to self-consent for hepatitis B vaccination in sexually transmitted disease clinics and family planning clinics as part of the exemption for miners' receipt of sexual health services. Most states require consent for vaccination services provided to adolescents. Parental consent requirements are a potential barrier to vaccinating adolescents in some settings. C1 MACRO INT INC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Gordon, TE (reprint author), BENEFITS GRP INC,2900 CHAMBLEE TUCKER RD,BLDG 11,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-93-0696] NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 7 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD606 UT WOS:A1997YD60600006 PM 9358378 ER PT J AU Unti, LM Coyle, KK Woodruff, BA BoyerChuanroong, L AF Unti, LM Coyle, KK Woodruff, BA BoyerChuanroong, L TI Incentives and motivators in school-based hepatitis B vaccination programs SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB During a school-based vaccination program, incentives and education were offered to help motivate students to participate. Each student at all schools in the program received scholastic credit for returning a signed form, material rewards for receiving each vaccine dose, and free attendance at a social event after completing the vaccine series. In two of four schools, classes received a reward if every student in the classroom returned a signed form within five days; in these schools, 91% and 98% of students returned signed forms within five days, compared to 82% and 85%, respectively in the two schools without this peer incentive. Approximately half the students receiving the peer incentive reported that it played a motivating role, whereas 60% cited wanting to be protected. Few students named individual rewards as motivators. Although peer incentives appeared effective in encouraging some students to return parent consent or refusal forms, the desire to be protected may have been a stronger motivator. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT EMERGENCY & REFUGEE HLTH PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115. RP Unti, LM (reprint author), ETR ASSOCIATES,4 CARBONERO WAY,SCOTTS VALLEY,CA 95066, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 7 BP 265 EP 268 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD606 UT WOS:A1997YD60600007 PM 9358379 ER PT J AU BoyerChuanroong, L Woodruff, BA Unti, LM Sumida, YU AF BoyerChuanroong, L Woodruff, BA Unti, LM Sumida, YU TI Immunizations from ground zero: Lessons learned in urban middle schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded a three-year demonstration project in San Francisco to assess the feasibility of a large-scale school-based vaccination effort. The project overcame a number of barriers, including lack of pre-existing health services diversity of home languages, and an every-50-minute-bell schedule. The project targeted seventh graders and all special education students for hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac). Of 4,928 students targeted, 3,509 (71%) consented to vaccination and received the first dose. Of these 3,509 students, 3,256 (93%) completed the three-dose series at school. Key lessons learned include emphasizing a collaborative process in the planning stage, offering an educational component for students, providing an incentive to get timely parental consent, planning distribution and collection of parent materials, and planning vaccination clinics to minimize interrupting the school day. The project clearly demonstrated that, with sufficient attention to political and logistical dimensions, school-based vaccination programs are possible in large urban schools. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ETR ASSOCIATES,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95061. RP BoyerChuanroong, L (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,1512 GOLDEN GATE AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115, USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 7 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD606 UT WOS:A1997YD60600008 PM 9358380 ER PT J AU Averhoff, FM Williams, WW Hadler, SC AF Averhoff, FM Williams, WW Hadler, SC TI Immunization of adolescents: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Medical Association SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B; IMMUNITY; VACCINE; TETANUS AB This report concerning the immunization of adolescents (ie, persons 11-21 years of age, as defined by the American Medical Association [AMA] and the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]) is a supplement to previous publications (ie, MMWR 1994;43[No. RR-I] 1-38; the AAP 1994 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases; Summary of Policy Recommendations for Periodic Health Examination, August 1996 from the American Academy of Family Physicians [AAFP]; and AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services [GAPS]: Recommendations and Rationale). This report presents a,new strategy to improve the delivery of vaccination services to adolescents and to integrate recommendations for vaccination with other preventive services provided to adolescents. This ner: strategy emphasizes vaccination of adolescents 11-12 years of age by establishing a routine visit to their health-care providers. Specifically, the purposes of this visit are to a) vaccinate adolescents who have nor been previously vaccinated,vith varicella virus vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, or the second dose of the measles,,mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine; b) provide a booster dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids; c) administer other vaccines that may be recommended for certain adolescents; and d) provide other recommended preventive services. The recommendations for vaccination of adolescents are based on new or current information for each vaccine. The most recent recommendations from ACIP, AAP, AAFP, and AMA concerning specific vaccines and delivery of preventive services should be consulted for details. RP Averhoff, FM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 7 BP 298 EP 303 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD606 UT WOS:A1997YD60600018 PM 9358390 ER PT J AU Averhoff, FM Brink, E Pollard, B Resha, K Bryan, G Vaillancourt, MV AF Averhoff, FM Brink, E Pollard, B Resha, K Bryan, G Vaillancourt, MV TI Adolescent immunization: Focus on implementation SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material AB On March 11-12, 1996, a workshop on how to implement new adolescent immunization (AI) recommendations was held in Atlanta, Ga. Sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it,was a collaborative effort of the National Immunization Program, the Division of Adolescent and School Health/National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, and the Hepatitis Branch/National Center for Infectious Diseases. The workshop brought together organizations and individuals interested in adolescent health and immunizations so they could address how new AI recommendations can be implemented most effectively. This article offers an overview of their discussions and suggestions including issues of cooperation, education, legislation, and AI program development among health provider organizations, health departments, schools, community groups and various other agencies relating to adolescent health services. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. IMMUNIZAT ACT COALIT,ST PAUL,MN 55104. RP Averhoff, FM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 1997 VL 67 IS 7 BP 304 EP 308 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YD606 UT WOS:A1997YD60600019 PM 9358391 ER PT J AU Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC Vulule, J AF Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC Vulule, J TI Heme peroxidase activity measured in single mosquitoes identifies individuals expressing an elevated oxidase for insecticide resistance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; PROTEIN MICROASSAY; ASSAY; CYTOCHROME-P-450; ANTIBODIES; BENZIDINE; STRAINS AB Optimum conditions are described for a simple, rapid, microplate-based assay that indirectly measures the differences in oxidase levels between individual susceptible, resistant, or induced mosquitoes. A small proportion (0.01-0.1) of a single mosquito is used, allowing multiple replicates of the oxidase assay. Cytochrome C is used as a positive control. The levels of oxidase found in sample populations of pyrethroid-susceptible, pyrethroid-resistant, and phenobarbital-induced Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes are characterized with the assay. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ENTOMOL BRANCH F22,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 25 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA YG056 UT WOS:A1997YG05600004 PM 9383763 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Tokars, JI Arduino, MJ Steingraber, K Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Tokars, JI Arduino, MJ Steingraber, K Jarvis, WR TI Neurologic symptoms and death associated with the use of cellulose acetate dialyzers. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP A1120 EP A1120 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XY103 UT WOS:A1997XY10301120 ER PT J AU Ward, PA Kutner, NG Khan, LK AF Ward, PA Kutner, NG Khan, LK TI Pica behavior in a sample of incident dialysis patients: Clinical and QoL issues. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP A0989 EP A0989 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XY103 UT WOS:A1997XY10300989 ER PT J AU Malec, D Sedransk, J Moriarity, CL LeClere, FB AF Malec, D Sedransk, J Moriarity, CL LeClere, FB TI Small area inference for binary variables in the National Health Interview Survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Bayesian predictive inference; cluster sampling; cross-validation; empirical Bayes; hierarchical model; logistic regression; synthetic estimates ID RANDOM-EFFECTS MODELS; SMALL DOMAINS AB The National Health Interview Survey is designed to produce precise estimates of finite population parameters for the entire United Stares but not for small geographical areas or subpopulations. Our investigation concerns estimates of proportions such as the probability of at least one visit to a doctor within the past 12 months. To include all sources of variation in the model, we carry out a Bayesian hierarchical analysis for the desired finite population quantities. First, for each cluster (county) a separate logistic regression relates the individual's probability of a doctor visit to his or her characteristics. Second, a multivariate linear regression links cluster regression parameters to covariates measured at the cluster level. We describe the numerical methods needed to obtain the desired posterior moments. Then we compare estimates produced using the exact numerical method with approximations. Finally, we compare the hierarchical Bayes estimates to empirical Bayes estimates and to standard methods, that is, synthetic estimates and estimates obtained from a conventional randomization-based approach. We use a cross-validation exercise to assess the quality of model fit. We also summarize the results of a separate study of the binary indicator of partial work limitation. Because we know the value of this variable for each respondent to the 1990 Census long form, we can compare estimates corresponding to alternative methods and models with very accurate estimates of the true values. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT STAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP Malec, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 92 IS 439 BP 815 EP 826 DI 10.2307/2965546 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA XU878 UT WOS:A1997XU87800002 ER PT J AU Khudyakov, YE Cong, ME Bonafonte, MT Abdulmalek, S Nichols, BL Lambert, S Alter, MJ Fields, HA AF Khudyakov, YE Cong, ME Bonafonte, MT Abdulmalek, S Nichols, BL Lambert, S Alter, MJ Fields, HA TI Sequence variation within a nonstructural region of hepatitis G virus genome SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLASSIFICATION; GENOTYPES; ORGANIZATION; SUBTYPES; AGENT; RNA AB Nine sets of nested PCR primers from a 2.6-kb region of the hepatitis G virus (HGV) genome at nucleotide positions 5829 to 8421 were designed and used to analyze serum specimens obtained from patients with community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis who were HGV RNA positive. One set of primers was found to be most efficient in detecting HGV and was subsequently used to test 162 HCV-positive and 11 HCV-negative plasma units obtained from individual paid donors. HGV RNA was detected in 30 (17.3%) plasma units, 2 of which were found among the 11 HCV-negative specimens. A complete set of nine PCR fragments was obtained from two patients with community-acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis and from four paid donors. All PCR fragments were sequenced and were shown to have a nucleotide similarity of 85.9 to 92.3% and a derived amino acid similarity of 96.0 to 99.0%. The majority of nucleotide changes occurred in the third position of codons. The HGV nucleotide and protein sequences obtained in this study were compared with Ht;li sequences. Based on this analysis the 2.6-kb fragment was predicted to encode the C-terminal part of the putative NS4b, the entire NS5a, and almost the complete NS5b proteins. Putative protease cleavage sites separating these proteins were also predicted. In serial specimens obtained from the two HGV-infected patients, no significant variations were found in the HGV nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences over time. The HGV sequences obtained from one patient showed no changes over 6 months, whereas more than 99.0% homology was observed for sequences from the second patient over 2.5 years. Heterogeneity analysis performed on 10 sequences obtained in this study and corresponding regions from 6 known full-size sequences of the HGV genomes demonstrated notable discrete heterogeneity consistent with the existence of HGV genetic groups or types. C1 CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING 100052,PEOPLES R CHINA. SPECIALTY LABS INC,SANTA MONICA,CA. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MS A33,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 71 IS 9 BP 6875 EP 6880 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA XQ799 UT WOS:A1997XQ79900071 PM 9261413 ER PT J AU Waris, ME Tsou, C Erdman, DD Day, DB Anderson, LJ AF Waris, ME Tsou, C Erdman, DD Day, DB Anderson, LJ TI Priming with live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevents the enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response seen after RSV challenge in BALB/c mice immunized with formalin-inactivated RSV SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE; GLYCOPROTEIN; DEPLETION; CELLS AB To investigate enhanced disease associated with a formalin-inactivated (FI) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, we studied the pulmonary inflammatory response to RSV in BALB/c mice immunized with live RSV, FI-RSV, or combinations of the two, After RSV challenge, the number of granular cells, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocytes, and the level of Th2-like cytokine mRNAs in the bronchoalveolar lavage specimens in mice immunized first,vith live RSV and then with FI-RSV were io,ver than that in FI-RSV-immunized mice and close to that in live RSV-immunized mice, These data suggest that prior live RSV infection prevents most of the enhanced inflammatory response seen in FI-RSV-immunized mice and might explain lack of enhanced disease in older FI-RSV-immunized children. A live RSV vaccine might similarly decrease the risk of enhanced disease with non-live RSV vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT MSG 17,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TURKU,DEPT PULM DIS & CLIN ALLERGY,TURKU,FINLAND. RI Waris, Matti/A-6418-2008 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 71 IS 9 BP 6935 EP 6939 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA XQ799 UT WOS:A1997XQ79900079 PM 9261421 ER PT J AU Stayner, L Smith, R Bailer, J Gilbert, S Steenland, K Dement, J Brown, D Lemen, R AF Stayner, L Smith, R Bailer, J Gilbert, S Steenland, K Dement, J Brown, D Lemen, R TI Exposure-response analysis of risk of respiratory disease associated with occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE chrysotile asbestos; risk assessment; epidemiology ID SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; WORKERS; MESOTHELIOMA; INSTITUTE; THRESHOLD; TEXTILE; SMOKING; MODELS AB Objectives-To evaluate alternative models and estimate risk of mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis after occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos. Methods-Data were used from a recent update of a cohort mortality study of workers in a South Carolina textile factory. Alternative exposure-response models were evaluated with Poisson regression. A model designed to evaluate evidence of a threshold response was also fitted. Lifetime risks of lung cancer and asbestosis were estimated with an actuarial approach that accounts for competing causes of death. Results-A highly significant exposure-response relation was found for both lung cancer and asbestosis. The exposure-response relation for lung cancer seemed to be linear on a multiplicative scale, which is consistent with previous analyses of lung cancer and exposure to asbestos. In contrast, the exposure-response relation for asbestosis seemed to be nonlinear on a multiplicative scale in this analysis. There was no significant evidence for a threshold in models of either the lung cancer or asbestosis, The excess lifetime risk for white men exposed for 45 years at the recently revised OSHA standard of 0.1 fibre/ml was predicted to be about 5/1000 for lung cancer, and 2/1000 for asbestosis. Conclusions-This study confirms the findings from previous investigations of a strong exposure-response relation between exposure to chrysotile asbestos and mortality from lung cancer, and asbestosis. The risk estimates for lung cancer derived from this analysis are higher than those derived from other populations exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. C1 MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,DURHAM,NC 27710. NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. RP Stayner, L (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,ROBERT A TAFF LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 54 IS 9 BP 646 EP 652 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XU791 UT WOS:A1997XU79100005 PM 9423577 ER PT J AU Buehler, JW Mulinare, J AF Buehler, JW Mulinare, J TI Preventing neural tube defects SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID; RISK FACTOR; HOMOCYSTEINE; BENEFITS; FOLATE RP Buehler, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 26 IS 9 BP 535 EP 539 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XV783 UT WOS:A1997XV78300005 PM 9302715 ER EF