FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Meehl, GA Goddard, L Murphy, J Stouffer, RJ Boer, G Danabasoglu, G Dixon, K Giorgetta, MA Greene, AM Hawkins, E Hegerl, G Karoly, D Keenlyside, N Kimoto, M Kirtman, B Navarra, A Pulwarty, R Smith, D Stammer, D Stockdale, T AF Meehl, Gerald A. Goddard, Lisa Murphy, James Stouffer, Ronald J. Boer, George Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dixon, Keith Giorgetta, Marco A. Greene, Arthur M. Hawkins, Ed Hegerl, Gabriele Karoly, David Keenlyside, Noel Kimoto, Masahide Kirtman, Ben Navarra, Antonio Pulwarty, Roger Smith, Doug Stammer, Detlef Stockdale, Timothy TI DECADAL PREDICTION Can It Be Skillful? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; SOLAR-CYCLE VARIABILITY; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIMODEL-ENSEMBLE; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS AB A new field of study, "decadal prediction," is emerging in climate science. Decadal prediction lies between seasonal/interannual forecasting and longer-term climate change projections, and focuses on time-evolving regional climate conditions over the next 10-30 yr. Numerous assessments of climate information user needs have identified this time scale as being important to infrastructure planners, water resource managers, and many others. It is central to the information portfolio required to adapt effectively to and through climatic changes. At least three factors influence time-evolving regional climate at the decadal time scale: 1) climate change commitment (further warming as the coupled climate system comes into adjustment with increases of greenhouse gases that have already occurred), 2) external forcing, particularly from future increases of greenhouse gases and recovery of the ozone hole, and 3) internally generated variability. Some decadal prediction skill has been demonstrated to arise from the first two of these factors, and there is evidence that initialized coupled climate models can capture mechanisms of internally generated decadal climate variations, thus increasing predictive skill globally and particularly regionally. Several methods have been proposed for initializing global coupled climate models for decadal predictions, all of which involve global time-evolving threedimensional ocean data, including temperature and salinity. An experimental framework to address decadal predictability/prediction is described in this paper and has been incorporated into the coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Model, phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments, some of which will be assessed for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). These experiments will likely guide work in this emerging field over the next 5 yr. C1 [Meehl, Gerald A.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Goddard, Lisa; Greene, Arthur M.] IRI, New York, NY USA. [Murphy, James; Smith, Doug] Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Stouffer, Ronald J.; Dixon, Keith] GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Boer, George] Environm Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Giorgetta, Marco A.] MPI, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Hawkins, Ed] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Hegerl, Gabriele] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Karoly, David] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Keenlyside, Noel] IFM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Kimoto, Masahide] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Navarra, Antonio] INGV, Rome, Italy. [Pulwarty, Roger] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Stammer, Detlef] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Stockdale, Timothy] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. RP Meehl, GA (reprint author), NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM meehl@ncar.ucar.edu RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Keenlyside, Noel/E-8303-2013; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Keenlyside, Noel/0000-0002-8708-6868; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X FU NASA; NSF; NOAA; DOE; AIMES; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative [DE-FC2-97ER62402] FX The authors acknowledge the Aspen Global Change Institute (AGCI) in Aspen, Colorado, and Director John Katzenberger, for hosting the workshop that laid the foundations for this paper, and particularly all the attendees who contributed to the workshop discussions that led to this paper. Funding for the AGCI workshop was provided by NASA, NSF, NOAA, DOE, and AIMES. We thank Laurent Terray and one anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC2-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. NR 93 TC 267 Z9 279 U1 4 U2 73 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1467 EP 1485 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2778.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517XY UT WOS:000271653500004 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ Xue, M Wicker, LJ Kelleher, KE Foster, MP Schaefer, JT Schneider, RS Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS Ferree, JT Tuell, JP AF Stensrud, David J. Xue, Ming Wicker, Louis J. Kelleher, Kevin E. Foster, Michael P. Schaefer, Joseph T. Schneider, Russell S. Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Stephen S. Ferree, John T. Tuell, Jason P. TI CONVECTIVE-SCALE WARN-ON-FORECAST SYSTEM A Vision for 2020 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; LEVEL-II DATA; DATA ASSIMILATION; PART I; QUALITY-CONTROL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; MIGRATING BIRDS; SPRING PROGRAM; WRF MODEL AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Weather Service (NWS) issues warnings for severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and flash floods because these phenomena are a threat to life and property. These warnings are presently based upon either visual confirmation of the phenomena or the observational detection of proxy signatures that are largely based upon radar observations. Convective-scale weather warnings are unique in the NWS, having little reliance on direct numerical forecast guidance. Because increasing severe thunderstorm, tornado, and flash-flood warning lead times are a key NOAA strategic mission goal designed to reduce the loss of life, injury, and economic costs of these high-impact weather phenomena, a new warning paradigm is needed in which numerical model forecasts play a larger role in convective-scale warnings. This new paradigm shifts the warning process from warn on detection to warn on forecast, and it has the potential to dramatically increase warning lead times. A warn-on-forecast system is envisioned as a probabilistic convective-scale ensemble analysis and forecast system that assimilates in-storm observations into a high-resolution convection-resolving model ensemble. The building blocks needed for such a system are presently available, and initial research results clearly illustrate the value of radar observations to the production of accurate analyses of convective weather systems and improved forecasts. Although a number of scientific and cultural challenges still need to be overcome, the potential benefits are significant. A probabilistic convective-scale warn-on-forecast system is a vision worth pursuing. C1 [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Foster, Michael P.] NOAA, NWS, Weather Forecast Off, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Schaefer, Joseph T.; Schneider, Russell S.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Weygandt, Stephen S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ferree, John T.] NOAA, NWS, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Tuell, Jason P.] NOAA, NWS, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.stensrud@noaa.gov RI Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015; Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 NR 66 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1487 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2795.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517XY UT WOS:000271653500005 ER PT J AU Ortega, KL Smith, TM Manross, KL Scharfenberg, KA Witt, A Kolodziej, AG Gourley, JJ AF Ortega, Kiel L. Smith, Travis M. Manross, Kevin L. Scharfenberg, Kevin A. Witt, Arthur Kolodziej, Angelyn G. Gourley, Jonathan J. TI THE SEVERE HAZARDS ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION EXPERIMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WSR-88D AB During the springs and summers of 2006 through 2008, scientists from the National Severe Storms Laboratory and students from the University of Oklahoma have conducted an enhanced severe-storm verification effort. The primary goal for the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment (SHAVE) was the remote collection of high spatial and temporal resolution hail, wind ( or wind damage), and flash-flooding reports from severe thunderstorms. This dataset has a much higher temporal and spatial resolution than the traditional storm reports collected by the National Weather Service and published in Storm Data (tens of square kilometers and 1-5 min versus thousands of square kilometers and 30-60 min) and also includes reports of nonsevere storms that are not included in Storm Data. The high resolution of the dataset makes it useful for validating high-resolution, gridded warning guidance applications. SHAVE is unique not only for the type of data collected and the resolution of that data but also for how the data are collected. The daily operations of the project are largely student led and run. To complete the remote, high-resolution verification, the students use Google Earth to display experimental weather data and geographic information databases, such as digital phonebooks. Using these data, the students then make verification phone calls to residences and businesses, throughout the United States, thought to have been affected by a severe thunderstorm. The present article summarizes the data collection facilities and techniques, discusses applications of these data, and shows comparisons of SHAVE reports to reports currently available from Storm Data. C1 [Ortega, Kiel L.; Smith, Travis M.; Manross, Kevin L.; Kolodziej, Angelyn G.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ortega, Kiel L.; Smith, Travis M.; Manross, Kevin L.; Kolodziej, Angelyn G.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Scharfenberg, Kevin A.] Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Natl Weather Serv, Norman, OK USA. [Witt, Arthur; Gourley, Jonathan J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ortega, KL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren,Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM kiel.ortega@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA's High Performance Computing and Communications Office FX The authors would like to acknowledge the student callers-Jenifer Bowen, Chad Echols, Jessica Erlingis, Margaret Frey, Steve Irwin, Carey Legett, Tiffany Meyer, James Miller, Kelsey Mulder, Christa Riley, Brett Roberts, and Rachael Sigler-who made possible the collection of this unique dataset. Thanks to Jennifer Palucki, Rick Smith, Alan Stewart, and many others for their comments on the hail portion of the survey script. John Schmidt, Ernie Wells, and Seann Reed supplied useful comments on the flash-flooding script. Robert Coggins, Karen Cooper, Vicki Farmer, Zac Flamig, Doug Kennedy, and Joe Young provided essential computer support for the project. Thanks to Don Burgess, Greg Stumpf, and three anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve the quality of the paper. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227 and NOAA's High Performance Computing and Communications Office. Mentions of specific software in this manuscript are not endorsements of said software by the funding sources. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1519 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2815.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517XY UT WOS:000271653500007 ER PT J AU Pandya, RE Smith, DR Charlevoix, DJ Foster, SQ Hart, R Hayes, MJ McGguirk, M Murillo, ST Murphy, KA Stanitski, DM Whittaker, TM AF Pandya, Rajul E. Smith, David R. Charlevoix, Donna J. Foster, Susan Q. Hart, Robert Hayes, Marianne J. McGguirk, Marjirie Murillo, Shirley T. Murphy, Kathleen A. Stanitski, Diane M. Whittaker, Thomas M. TI A SUMMARY OF THE 17TH AMS EDUCATION SYMPOSIUM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pandya, Rajul E.; Foster, Susan Q.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Smith, David R.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Charlevoix, Donna J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hart, Robert] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hayes, Marianne J.] Fairfax Cty Publ Sch, Springfield, VA USA. [McGguirk, Marjirie] NOAA NESDIS NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. [Murillo, Shirley T.] NOAA AOML HRD, Miami, FL USA. [Stanitski, Diane M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Whittaker, Thomas M.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pandya, RE (reprint author), UCAR SOARS Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM pandya@ucar.edu RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1545 EP 1548 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2862.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517XY UT WOS:000271653500009 ER PT J AU Pangle, KL Peacor, SD AF Pangle, Kevin L. Peacor, Scott D. TI Light-dependent predation by the invertebrate planktivore Bythotrephes longimanus SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; HARP LAKE; GREAT-LAKES; POLYPHEMUS-PEDICULUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; LEPTODORA-KINDTII; SPECIES RICHNESS; MYSIS-RELICTA AB We evaluated predation by the invasive invertebrate planktivore Bythotrephes longimanus on a Lake Michigan prey assemblage as a function of light intensity. Daphnia mendotae was the only prey type significantly reduced and light intensity strongly affected this reduction. Specifically, Bythotrephes consumption of D. mendotae was not detected under low light intensity (<1 mu mol.m(2).s(-1)) but increased with greater light intensity and leveled Off under high light intensity (>100 mu mol.m(2).s(-1)) at which point Bythotrephes ingestion rate was 2.3 Daphnia per hour. These results indicate that Bythotrephes predation is more sensitive to light than previously thought, a discrepancy that can be explained after considering the ability of D. mendotae to detect Bythotrephes' hydromechanic disturbance. The observed effect of light intensity on Bythotrephes predation is more like that of planktivorous fish than that of other previously studied invertebrate planktivores. Our findings elucidate the role that Bythotrephes plays in the food web and provide a novel explanation for its tendency to invade lakes of high water clarity. The importance of light-dependent predation found here may extend to other visually oriented predatory cladocerans. C1 [Pangle, Kevin L.; Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Peacor, Scott D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pangle, KL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1314 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM pangle.3@osu.edu FU Great Lakes Fisheries Commission; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [DEB-0089809] FX We thank C. Bergeon, W. Burns, D. Donahue, K. Krieger, and J. Workman for their assistance with setting up and performing the experiments, particularly J. Workman, who devised a clever way to attach bottles to a motorized cage. We thank G. Fahnenstiel and H. Vanderploeg for lending their valuable advice and equipment to the study. We are grateful to J. Bence, G. Horst, O. Johannsson, E. Loew, J. Muirhead, O. Sarnelle, W. Pangle, the Associate Editor, and four anonymous reviewers whose comments improved this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Fishery Research Program of the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, and National Science Foundation grant DEB-0089809 to E. Werner and S.D. Peacor. This is Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution 1525. NR 71 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1748 EP 1757 DI 10.1139/F09-133 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 520HG UT WOS:000271832800010 ER PT J AU Garcia-Pineda, O Zimmer, B Howard, M Pichel, W Li, XF MacDonald, IR AF Garcia-Pineda, Oscar Zimmer, Beate Howard, Matt Pichel, William Li, Xiaofeng MacDonald, Ian R. TI Using SAR images to delineate ocean oil slicks with a texture-classifying neural network algorithm (TCNNA) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SEEPS; SURFACE; GAS AB Satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are widely used for detection of hydrocarbon resources, pollution, and oil spills. These applications require recognition of particular spatial patterns in SAR data. We developed a texture-classifying neural network algorithm (TCNNA), which processes SAR data from a wide selection of beam modes, to extract these patterns from SAR imagery in a semisupervised procedure. Our approach uses a combination of edge-detection filters, descriptors of texture, collection information (e.g., beam mode), and environmental data, which are processed with a neural network. Examples of pattern extraction for detecting natural oil seeps in the Gulf of Mexico are provided. The TCNNA was successful at extracting targets and rapidly interpreting images collected under a wide range of environmental conditions. The results allowed us to evaluate the effects of different environmental conditions on the expressions of oil slicks detected by the SAR data. By processing hundreds of SAR images, we have also found that the optimum wind speed range to study surfactant films is from 3.5 to 7.0 m.s(-1), and the best incidence angle range for surfactant detection in C-band is from 22 degrees to 40 degrees. Minor postprocessing supervision is required to check TCNNA output. Interpreted images produce binary arrays with imbedded georeference data that are easily stored and manipulated in geographic information system (GIS) data layers. C1 [Garcia-Pineda, Oscar; MacDonald, Ian R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zimmer, Beate] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Howard, Matt] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pichel, William] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, IM Syst Grp, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Garcia-Pineda, O (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, 117 N Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM oscar.oggp@gmail.com RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Minerals Management Service [1435-01-05-39187]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Natural Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-NT 0005638] FX This research has been supported by the Minerals Management Service contract 1435-01-05-39187. We want to acknowledge the generous support of Rebecca Sanches and ASF staff for their invaluable collaborations in this research. Thanks to Karen Bannerman from MDA Geospatial Services for the valuable collaboration. Thanks to CONACYT Mexico for the invaluable support. We want also to acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DOE) Natural Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE contract DE-NT 0005638). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 21 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 5 BP 411 EP 421 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 584QG UT WOS:000276766700001 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Rea, LD Loughlin, TR AF Noren, D. P. Rea, L. D. Loughlin, T. R. TI A model to predict fasting capacities and utilization of body energy stores in weaned Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) during periods of reduced prey availability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; METABOLIC-RATE; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; FUR-SEAL; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; POSTWEANING FAST; DIVING BEHAVIOR; HEART-RATE; PUPS AB The population decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) may be linked to a decline in juvenile survivorship. Limitations in prey availability may contribute to the decline, thus it is important to understand fasting capacities of Steller sea lions. For most mammals, fat catabolism is the preferred energetic pathway to ensure that protein is spared. However, marine mammals also have a conflicting requirement to conserve fat because the main site of fat storage is the blubber layer, which is also their primary thermal barrier when at sea. We developed a dynamic state variable model to demonstrate how protein and fat reserve utilization and maximum fasting duration are influenced by body condition and time spent foraging. This model was parameterized with respect to conditions faced by juvenile and subadult Steller sea lions foraging unsuccessfully during a period of reduced prey availability. The model accurately predicted changes in fat and protein mass of juvenile and subadult Steller sea lions fasting in captivity. Furthermore, the model demonstrated that body lipid content, body mass, and the proportion of time spent in water influence energy reserve catabolism and maximum fasting durations. Consequently, small, lean individuals are particularly susceptible to reductions in prey availability. C1 [Noren, D. P.; Rea, L. D.; Loughlin, T. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Noren, D. P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rea, L. D.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rea, L. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Marine Mammal Res Sect, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Noren, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [98-244-008]; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium FX J. Sterling and B. Fadely provided advice and access to data that were critical to the construction of the model. M. Mangel, M. Ford, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The model was developed while D. Noren was a National Research Council Post-Doctoral Research Associate at the NOAA Fisheries Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Captive fasting studies were authorized under the Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit (No. 881-1443) held by the Alaska Sea Life Center (ASLC) and by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols approved by the University of British Columbia, the ASLC (No. 98-007), and the University of Central Florida (No. 9807). These captive studies were funded by the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation grant to L. Rea (Project #98-244-008), and through support of the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium. Special thanks go to A. Trites and D. Rosen for their collaborations on the studies performed at the Vancouver Aquarium and to the staff at both the Vancouver Aquarium and the ASLC for assistance with the captive studies. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 852 EP 864 DI 10.1139/Z09-074 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 517NT UT WOS:000271622500002 ER PT J AU Henkensiefken, R Castro, J Bentz, D Nantung, T Weiss, J AF Henkensiefken, Ryan Castro, Javier Bentz, Dale Nantung, Tommy Weiss, Jason TI Water absorption in internally cured mortar made with water-filled lightweight aggregate SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Interfacial transition zone; Internal curing; Lightweight aggregate; Sorptivity ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERMEABILITY; PERCOLATION; STRENGTH; SYSTEMS; PASTE; ZONE AB The increased propensity for shrinkage cracking in low water-to-cement ratio (w/c) concrete has inspired the development of new technologies that can reduce the risk of early-age cracking. One of these is internal curing. internal curing uses saturated lightweight aggregate to supply 'curing water' to low w/c paste as it hydrates. Significant research has been performed to determine the effects of internal curing on shrinkage and stress development; however, relatively little detailed information exists about the effects of internal curing on fluid transport properties such as water absorption or diffusivity. This study examines the absorption of water into mortar specimens made with saturated lightweight aggregates (SLWA). These results indicate that the inclusion of SLWA can reduce the water absorption of mortar specimens. This observation was reinforced with electrical conductivity measurements that exhibited similar reductions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Henkensiefken, Ryan] US Concrete, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. [Castro, Javier; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Bentz, Dale] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nantung, Tommy] Indiana Dept Transportat, Off Res & Dev, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Henkensiefken, R (reprint author), US Concrete, 755 Stockton Ave, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. EM rhenkensiefken@us-concrete.com OI CASTRO, JAVIER/0000-0002-2510-985X; Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University [SPR 3211, SPR 3093]; Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials FX This work was supported in part by the joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University (Project SPR 3211 and SPR 3093). The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration and the Indiana Department of Transportation, nor do the contents constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The authors gratefully acknowledge support received from the Center for Advanced Cement Based Materials as well as material supplied by Northeast Solite Corporation and Hydraulic Press Brick Company. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 39 IS 10 BP 883 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.06.009 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 505PL UT WOS:000270706400007 ER PT J AU Tu, GF Gao, SS Zhang, C AF Tu Guofang Gao Shaoshuai Zhang Can TI Object Tracking and QoS Control for Wireless Sensor Networks SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Multi-sensor network; Video object tracking; Wavelet fractal interpolation; QoS control AB Object tracking and the Quality of services (QoS) control is one of the key issues in wireless sensor networks. In order to track objects and provide information about the location, trajectory and identity for each object, we propose a new object tracking and QoS Control scheme using both infrared sensors and video cameras. Object searching is done using a three level wavelet representation, which can significantly reduce the searching space. Hierarchical wavelet representation will also facilitate QoS control in the wireless sensor network environment. The experimental result shows that this new method can achieve better performance than existing algorithms, and can be applied to dynamically track the bandwidth variation. C1 [Tu Guofang; Zhang Can] Chinese Acad Sci, Graduated Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Gao Shaoshuai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang Can] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, State Key Lab Informat Secur, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. RP Tu, GF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Graduated Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. EM gft@gucas.ac.cn; shaoshuai_gao@yahoo.com; czhang@gucas.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [60773137, 60573112]; National 863 Project [2007AA01Z297]; National Foundation [1320061262] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60773137, No.60573112), the National 863 Project (No.2007AA01Z297), and the National Foundation (No.1320061262). NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE LIMITED HONG KONG PI SHATIN PA 26-28 AU PUI WAN ST, STE 1102, FO TAN INDUSTRIAL CENTRE, FO TAN, SHATIN, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1022-4653 J9 CHINESE J ELECTRON JI Chin. J. Electron. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 724 EP 728 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 515DY UT WOS:000271448300029 ER PT J AU Scaife, AA Kucharski, F Folland, CK Kinter, J Bronnimann, S Fereday, D Fischer, AM Grainger, S Jin, EK Kang, IS Knight, JR Kusunoki, S Lau, NC Nath, MJ Nakaegawa, T Pegion, P Schubert, S Sporyshev, P Syktus, J Yoon, JH Zeng, N Zhou, T AF Scaife, A. A. Kucharski, F. Folland, C. K. Kinter, J. Broennimann, S. Fereday, D. Fischer, A. M. Grainger, S. Jin, E. K. Kang, I. S. Knight, J. R. Kusunoki, S. Lau, N. C. Nath, M. J. Nakaegawa, T. Pegion, P. Schubert, S. Sporyshev, P. Syktus, J. Yoon, J. H. Zeng, N. Zhou, T. TI The CLIVAR C20C project: selected twentieth century climate events SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE CLIVAR Climate of the twentieth century project; Climate sensitivity; Southern Oscillation; Sahel rainfall; North Atlantic Oscillation; Atmospheric models; Model evaluation; Regional climate ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SAHEL RAINFALL; MODELS; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTIONS; PACIFIC AB We use a simple methodology to test whether a set of atmospheric climate models with prescribed radiative forcings and ocean surface conditions can reproduce twentieth century climate variability. Globally, rapid land surface warming since the 1970s is reproduced by some models but others warm too slowly. In the tropics, air-sea coupling allows models to reproduce the Southern Oscillation but its strength varies between models. We find a strong relationship between the Southern Oscillation in global temperature and the rate of global warming, which could in principle be used to identify models with realistic climate sensitivity. This relationship and a weak response to ENSO suggests weak sensitivity to changes in sea surface temperature in some of the models used here. In the tropics, most models reproduce part of the observed Sahel drought. In the extratropics, models do not reproduce the observed increase in the North Atlantic Oscillation in response to forcings, through internal variability, or as a combination of both. C1 [Scaife, A. A.; Folland, C. K.; Fereday, D.; Knight, J. R.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kucharski, F.] Earth Syst Phys Sect, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Kinter, J.; Jin, E. K.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA USA. [Kinter, J.; Jin, E. K.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Broennimann, S.; Fischer, A. M.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Grainger, S.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Kang, I. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Kusunoki, S.; Nakaegawa, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Lau, N. C.; Nath, M. J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pegion, P.; Schubert, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sporyshev, P.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Yoon, J. H.; Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhou, T.] Inst Atmospher Sci, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Scaife, AA (reprint author), Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. EM adam.scaife@metoffice.gov.uk RI Bronnimann, Stefan/A-5737-2008; Syktus, Jozef/E-7173-2011; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Folland, Chris/I-2524-2013; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Sporyshev, Petr/P-7323-2015; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012; OI Syktus, Jozef/0000-0003-1782-3073; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Sporyshev, Petr/0000-0002-4047-8178; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 FU UK Met Office's Hadley Centre [GA01101, CBC/2B/0417]; NSF [0332910]; NOAA [NA04OAR4310034]; NASA [NNG04GG46G]; Russian Foundation; Australian Climate Change Science Program of the Australian Greenhouse Office; ETH Zurich [PP-1/04-1] FX This work contributes to the CLIVAR Climate of the twentieth Century project: http://www.iges.org/c20c/home.html and was carried out with support from the UK Met Office's Hadley Centre climate research program: joint Defra and MoD Programme, (Defra) GA01101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417 Annex C5. We thank Dr J. Murphy for useful comments and Drs B. Booth, M. Collins and G. Harris for coupled ocean atmosphere data from the Hadley Centre model and Dr D. Rowell for the Sahel rainfall data. J. Kinter and K. Jin were supported by research grants from NSF ( 0332910), NOAA (NA04OAR4310034) and NASA (NNG04GG46G). P. Sporyshev was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. S. Grainger was supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program of the Australian Greenhouse Office. The development and maintenance of CCM SOCOL was funded by ETH Zurich grant PP-1/04-1. NR 66 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s00382-008-0451-1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 486IE UT WOS:000269188800002 ER PT J AU Kucharski, F Scaife, AA Yoo, JH Folland, CK Kinter, J Knight, J Fereday, D Fischer, AM Jin, EK Kroger, J Lau, NC Nakaegawa, T Nath, MJ Pegion, P Rozanov, E Schubert, S Sporyshev, PV Syktus, J Voldoire, A Yoon, JH Zeng, N Zhou, T AF Kucharski, F. Scaife, A. A. Yoo, J. H. Folland, C. K. Kinter, J. Knight, J. Fereday, D. Fischer, A. M. Jin, E. K. Kroeger, J. Lau, N. -C. Nakaegawa, T. Nath, M. J. Pegion, P. Rozanov, E. Schubert, S. Sporyshev, P. V. Syktus, J. Voldoire, A. Yoon, J. H. Zeng, N. Zhou, T. TI The CLIVAR C20C project: skill of simulating Indian monsoon rainfall on interannual to decadal timescales. Does GHG forcing play a role? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate variability; Multimodel ensembles; Indian monsoon; ENSO-monsoon relation; Interannual-to-decadal predictability ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; ENSO RELATIONSHIP; AIR-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC AB The ability of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), that are forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), to simulate the Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) variability on interannual to decadal timescales is analyzed in a multimodel intercomparison. The multimodel ensemble has been performed within the CLIVAR International "Climate of the 20th Century" (C20C) Project. This paper is part of a C20C intercomparison of key climate time series. Whereas on the interannual timescale there is modest skill in reproducing the observed IMR variability, on decadal timescale the skill is much larger. It is shown that the decadal IMR variability is largely forced, most likely by tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs), but as well by extratropical and especially Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) related SSTs. In particular there has been a decrease from the late 1950s to the 1990s that corresponds to a general warming of tropical SSTs. Using a selection of control integrations from the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3), it is shown that the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the twentieth century has not significantly contributed to the observed decadal IMR variability. C1 [Kucharski, F.; Yoo, J. H.; Kroeger, J.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. [Scaife, A. A.; Folland, C. K.; Knight, J.; Fereday, D.] MOHC, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kinter, J.; Jin, E. K.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Fischer, A. M.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Jin, E. K.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lau, N. -C.; Nath, M. J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nakaegawa, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Pegion, P.; Schubert, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. [Sporyshev, P. V.] Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Syktus, J.] Queensland Climate Change Ctr Excellence, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Voldoire, A.] Meteo France CNRS, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Yoon, J. H.; Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhou, T.] LASG, Inst Atmospher Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Kucharski, F (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Earth Syst Phys Sect, Trieste, Italy. EM kucharsk@ictp.it RI Syktus, Jozef/E-7173-2011; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Folland, Chris/I-2524-2013; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Sporyshev, Petr/P-7323-2015; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012 OI Syktus, Jozef/0000-0003-1782-3073; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Sporyshev, Petr/0000-0002-4047-8178; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279 FU Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101, CBC/2B/0417]; NSF [0332910]; NOAA [NA04OAR4310034]; NASA [NNG04GG46G]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB403603]; European Commissions [GOCE-CT-2003-505539] FX A. Scaife and C. Folland were supported by the Defra and MoD Integrated Climate Programme-GA01101, CBC/2B/0417_Annex C5. J. Kinter and E. K. Jin were supported by research grants from NSF ( 0332910), NOAA (NA04OAR4310034) and NASA (NNG04GG46G). The MGO participation ( P. Sporyshev) was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. T. Zhou was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under grant number 2006CB403603. J. Kroger and F. Kucharski were partially supported by the ENSEMBLES project funded by the European Commissions 6th Framework Programme, Contract GOCE-CT-2003-505539. We wish to thank Xunqiang Bi ( ICTP) for preparing the CMIP3 data and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s00382-008-0462-y PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 486IE UT WOS:000269188800003 ER PT J AU Mell, W Maranghides, A McDermott, R Manzello, SL AF Mell, William Maranghides, Alexander McDermott, Randall Manzello, Samuel L. TI Numerical simulation and experiments of burning douglas fir trees SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE CFD; Fire spread; Wildland fire; Numerical simulation; Large-eddy simulation ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MULTIPHASE FORMULATION; PHYSICAL MODEL; HEAT-TRANSFER; FUEL BEDS; PROPAGATION; SPREAD; FOREST; MEDIA; WIND AB Fires spreading in elevated vegetation, such as chaparral or pine forest canopies, are often more intense than fires spreading through surface vegetation such as grasslands. As a result, they are more difficult to suppress, produce higher heat fluxes, more firebrands and smoke, and can interact with, or create, local weather conditions that lead to dangerous fire behavior. Such wildland fires can pose a serious threat to wildland-urban interface communities. A basic building block of such fires is a single tree. In the work presented here, a number of individual trees, of various characteristics, were burned without an imposed wind in the Large Fire Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards of Technology. A numerical model capable of representing the spatial distribution of vegetation in a tree crown is presented and evaluated against tree burning experiments. For simplicity, the vegetation was assumed to be uniformly distributed in a tree crown represented by a well defined geometric shape (cone or cylinder). Predictions of the time histories of the radiant heat flux and mass loss rates for different fuel moisture contents and tree heights compared favorably to measured values and trends. This work is a first step toward the development and application of a physics-based computer model to spatially complex, elevated, vegetation present in forest stands and in the wildland-urban interface. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Mell, William; Maranghides, Alexander; McDermott, Randall; Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mell, W (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruddy@nist.gov; alexm@nist.gov; randall.mcdermott@nist.gov; samuel.manzello@nist.gov FU The Joint Fire Sciences Program [07-1-5-08]; US Forest Service FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Ron Rehm of NIST (retired) for many fruitful discussions. The tremendous effort and contribution of the other developers of NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator is also acknowledged: Kevin McGrattan (NIST), Simo Hostikka, (VTT Technical Research Center of Finland), Jason Floyd (Hughes Associates, Inc.), and Howard Baum (NIST-retired). Experiments in the Large Fire Laboratory were conducted with the excellent support of Mr. Loren DeLauter, Mr. Edward Hnetkovsky, and Mr. Jack Lee (deceased). Partial funding for this work received by the The Joint Fire Sciences Program under Project JFSP 07-1-5-08 and the US Forest Service, which are gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2009 VL 156 IS 10 BP 2023 EP 2041 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.06.015 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 556IF UT WOS:000274583500016 ER PT J AU Thrower, FP Hard, JJ AF Thrower, Frank P. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI Effects of a single event of close inbreeding on growth and survival in steelhead SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus mykiss; Inbreeding depression; Captive broodstock; Supplementation ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENETIC-VARIATION; FRESH-WATER; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; PACIFIC SALMON; DEPRESSION; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION AB For two populations of Alaskan steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) of common ancestry we evaluated effects of inbreeding in second-generation descendants of wild fish by comparing progeny of full-sibling matings to those of non-inbred controls to determine if a single event of close inbreeding has significant effects on survival and growth in captivity or the wild. In captivity, both survival and size were highly variable between inbred and control types within each line and among the five broods during five periods of freshwater culture. However, no consistent patterns of inbreeding enhancement or depression between types within lines across years were evident. In contrast, in the wild marine environment, 34 of 34 pairwise comparisons between inbred and control types in body size of returning adults after 2 or 3 years at liberty in the ocean were consistent with inbreeding depression with significant inbreeding depression varying from 2.9% for female length to 20.0% for female weight. Survival of marked juveniles (smolts) to adults in the wild marine environment was consistently and significantly lower in inbred types for both lines, for an average inbreeding depression of 78.8%. The results underscore the potential problems that can arise from using protective culture technologies, including captive broodstocks, to supplement endangered populations, and they highlight the genetic hazards that can be faced by small wild populations. This study demonstrates that high natural mortality or selection increases the amount of inbreeding depression detected in survival. Inbreeding effects on survival and growth in captivity can be poor indicators of survival and growth in a wild marine environment. C1 [Thrower, Frank P.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thrower, FP (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Frank.Thrower@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Office of Protected Resources; NOAA Fisheries FX We thank all the personnel involved with this 10 year project at the Little Port Walter Marine Research Station, particularly Ty and Don Cummins, John Joyce, Adrian Celewycz, Bill Heard and Brad Weinlaeder, without whose help the research would not have been possible. This research was funded by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the Office of Protected Resources, NOAA Fisheries. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1307 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9709-8 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 505YF UT WOS:000270737400010 ER PT J AU Clemento, AJ Anderson, EC Boughton, D Girman, D Garza, JC AF Clemento, Anthony J. Anderson, Eric C. Boughton, David Girman, Derek Garza, John Carlos TI Population genetic structure and ancestry of Oncorhynchus mykiss populations above and below dams in south-central California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Steelhead; Rainbow trout; Introgression; Anadromy; Dams ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; RIVER; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; FLOW AB Genetic analyses of coastal Oncorhynchus mykiss, commonly known as steelhead/rainbow trout, at the southern extreme of their geographic range in California are used to evaluate ancestry and genetic relationships of populations both above and below large dams. Juvenile fish from 20 locations and strains of rainbow trout commonly planted in reservoirs in the five study basins were evaluated at 24 microsatellite loci. Phylogeographic trees and analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that populations within a basin, both above and below dams, were generally each other's closest relatives. Absence of hatchery fish or their progeny in the tributaries above dams indicates that they are not commonly spawning and that above-barrier fish are descended from coastal steelhead trapped at dam construction. Finally, no genetic basis was found for the division of populations from this region into two distinct biological groups, contrary to current classification under the US and California Endangered Species Acts. C1 [Clemento, Anthony J.; Anderson, Eric C.; Boughton, David; Garza, John Carlos] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Clemento, Anthony J.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Girman, Derek] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1336 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9712-0 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 505YF UT WOS:000270737400012 ER PT J AU Megrey, BA Aydin, KY AF Megrey, Bernard A. Aydin, Kerim Y. TI A macrodescriptor perspective of ecological attributes for the Bering and Barents Seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem; Macrodescriptors; Metrics; Barents Sea; Bering Sea ID COMMUNITY FOOD WEBS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; RECRUITMENT; CONNECTANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; OSCILLATION; ECOPATH; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB The eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and Barents Sea (BS) are both high-latitude, subarctic ecosystems that share many similar biophysical and trophic characteristics, and support valuable commercial fisheries. In this paper we compare system-level characteristics that make the Bering and Barents Sea ecosystems unique. We use Ecopath models and systems ecology macrodescriptor metrics applied to the two marine ecosystems to identify key areas of differences and similarities. Metrics calculated include number of species, number of interactions or trophic links, connectivity of the system, number of interactions per species, a measure of directed connectance, and an assessment of overall web interaction strength. In addition, number of basal species, number of top predators, total number of intermediate species, number of cannibals, number of cycles, number of omnivores, number of predators for a prey item, number of prey items for a predator, predator to prey ratio, and other indices were enumerated. Calculated food-web metrics for the eastern Bering and Barents Seas are compared between systems as well as with other similar metrics from published sources. We attempt to relate these observations to the questions of the uniqueness of marine food webs, implications for system stability, how climate impacts the physical environment, how the physical environment affects the structure of fish communities in each sea, and how changes in the physical environment affect the production of fish and the ability of the Bering and Barents Seas to support stable fisheries and productive ecosystems. Results show that the average number of trophic steps from primary producers to predators is shorter in the EBS. In the EBS, trophic pathways are shorter and more linear, there are more benthic species (flatfish and crabs) and there are both pelagic and benthic food webs. The BS is mainly a pelagic ecosystem. More production flows to the detritus pool in the BS most likely due to its deeper average depth (EBS: 50 m, BS: 200 m deep). The EBS is more efficient at converting primary production into upper trophic level biomass since there are fewer trophic steps and primary production fuels both the pelagic and benthic food webs. Commercial fish species biomass is greater in the EBS (7.6 mt) compared with BS (3.8 mt). Many alternate pathways exist in the BS, thus there are no single critical species creating bottlenecks. Results suggest that the BS may be more stable than the EBS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Megrey, Bernard A.; Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Megrey, BA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bern.megrey@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 56 IS 21-22 BP 2132 EP 2140 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.024 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 511CL UT WOS:000271141400023 ER PT J AU Zeiger, DN Sun, JR Schumacher, GE Lin-Gibson, S AF Zeiger, Diana N. Sun, Jirun Schumacher, Gary E. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Evaluation of dental composite shrinkage and leakage in extracted teeth using X-ray microcomputed tomography SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental materials; Image analysis; Leakage; Polymerization shrinkage; Resin composites; Extracted teeth; X-ray microcomputed tomography ID POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE; BEHAVIOR AB Objective. Use X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu CT), to test the hypothesis that composite shrinkage and sites of potential leakage in human teeth are non-uniformly distributed and depend on cavity geometry and C-factor. Methods. Two holes of equal volume but different dimensions were drilled into the exposed dentin of extracted human molars. The cavities were filled with composite and teeth were scanned, before and after curing, using mu CT Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the data were prepared and analyzed using image analysis software. Results. 3D reconstructions showed that cavity geometry did not affect the polymerization shrinkage. The shrinkage for all restorations was 2.66 +/- 0.59%, and cavity dimensions did not affect the volume lost, either in quantity or location on the sample. Potential leakage sites were identified by gap formations and found to be non-uniformly distributed along the tooth-composite interface. Leakage in regions calculated by mu CT was confirmed by visualization of sectioned samples with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Significance. mu CT evaluation will add tremendous value as part of a suite of tests to characterize various properties of dental materials. The non-uniform distribution of potential leakage sites about the cavities that was determined by mu CT emphasizes the inadequacy of traditional methods of determining leakage, which are capable of analyzing only limited areas. Additionally, mu CT evaluation can produce quantitative analyses of shrinkage and leakage, compared to the conventional methods, which are qualitative or semi-quantitative. Finally, experimentally determined shrinkage and leakage of composite in extracted teeth agrees with the results of similar experiments in model cavities, confirming the validity of those models. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 [Zeiger, Diana N.; Sun, Jirun; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schumacher, Gary E.] Amer Dent Assoc, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov FU NIDCR/NIST Interagency [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX The authors are grateful for the assistance of Mr. Ed Parry, Mr. Tony Giuseppetti, and Mr. Jim Puhl for assistance with sample preparation. This work is supported by an NIDCR/NIST Interagency Agreement: Y1-DE-7005-01. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1213 EP 1220 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2009.04.007 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 495DE UT WOS:000269869300004 PM 19481246 ER PT J AU Moffitt, EA Botsford, LW Kaplan, DM O'Farrell, MR AF Moffitt, Elizabeth A. Botsford, Louis W. Kaplan, David M. O'Farrell, Michael R. TI Marine reserve networks for species that move within a home range SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE adult movement; dispersal per recruit; fisheries; home range; marine protected areas; marine reserves; spillover; sustainability; yield ID LINGCOD OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; LENGTH FREQUENCY DATA; PROTECTED AREAS; HABITAT UTILIZATION; FISHERY RESERVES; REEF FISHES; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; SEBASTES AB Marine reserves are expected to benefit a wide range of species, but most models used to evaluate their effects assume that adults are sedentary, thereby potentially overestimating population persistence. Many nearshore marine organisms move within a home range as adults, and there is a need to understand the effects of this type of movement on reserve performance. We incorporated movement within a home range into a spatially explicit marine reserve model in order to assess the combined effects of adult and larval movement on persistence and yield in a general, strategic framework. We describe how the capacity of a population to persist decreased with increasing home range size in a manner that depended on whether the sedentary case was maintained by self persistence or network persistence. Self persistence declined gradually with increasing home range and larval dispersal distance, while network persistence decreased sharply to 0 above a threshold home range and was less dependent on larval dispersal distance. The maximum home range size protected by a reserve network increased with the fraction of coastline in reserves and decreasing exploitation rates outside reserves. Spillover due to movement within a home range contributed to yield moderately under certain conditions, although yield contributions were generally not as large as those from spillover due to larval dispersal. Our results indicate that, for species exhibiting home range behavior, persistence in a network of marine reserves may be more predictable than previously anticipated from models based solely on larval dispersal, in part due to better knowledge of home range sizes. Including movement within a home range can change persistence results significantly from those assuming that adults are sedentary; hence it is an important consideration in reserve design. C1 [Moffitt, Elizabeth A.; Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kaplan, David M.] Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, IRD, F-34203 Sete, France. [O'Farrell, Michael R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Moffitt, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eamoffitt@ucdavis.edu RI Kaplan, David M./G-5230-2010 OI Kaplan, David M./0000-0001-6087-359X FU Partnership for Education in Marine Resource and Ecosystem Management (PEMREM); Resources Legacy Fund Foundation (RLFF) FX Support for this work was provided by NOAA Fisheries through the Partnership for Education in Marine Resource and Ecosystem Management (PEMREM) and by the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation (RLFF). Thanks to J. Wilson White and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 54 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1835 EP 1847 DI 10.1890/08-1101.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496BH UT WOS:000269942500012 PM 19831073 ER PT J AU Cziczo, DJ Froyd, KD Gallavardin, SJ Moehler, O Benz, S Saathoff, H Murphy, DM AF Cziczo, Daniel J. Froyd, Karl D. Gallavardin, Stephane J. Moehler, Ottmar Benz, Stefan Saathoff, Harald Murphy, Daniel M. TI Deactivation of ice nuclei due to atmospherically relevant surface coatings SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ice nucleation; mineral dust; sulfuric acid; ammonium sulfate; cloud chamber ID MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER ACTIVITY; NUCLEATION; CLIMATE; SULFATE AB The ice nucleation characteristics of Arizona test dust (ATD) and illite clay, surrogates for atmospheric ice nuclei, have been determined at the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) chamber located at the Research Center Karlsruhe in Germany. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate coatings on the ability of these mineral dust surrogates to nucleate ice in an environment where particles realistically compete for water vapor. Coated ATD particles required higher saturations at all temperatures considered, from -20 to -45 degrees C, than did identical uncoated particles. Freezing of coated particles often required saturations approaching those for the homogeneous freezing of aqueous solutions of the coating material alone. Less pronounced effects were found for illite, although the presence of a coating consistently increased the saturation or decreased the temperature required for ice formation. Analysis of ice residue at the single particle level suggests that the first coated particles to freeze had thinner or incomplete coatings when compared to particles that froze later in the expansion. This observation highlights a need to verify coating properties since an assumption of homogeneity of a group of coated aerosols may be incorrect. The increase in saturation ratio for freezing suggests that gas-phase uptake of sulfates, a large fraction of which are due to anthropogenic emissions, will reduce the ice and mixed-phase cloud formation potential of atmospheric ice nuclei. C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.; Gallavardin, Stephane J.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gallavardin, Stephane J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Moehler, Ottmar; Benz, Stefan; Saathoff, Harald] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM daniel.cziczo@pnl.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU ETH; NOAA; ACCENT; European project SCOUT-O3 [GOCE-CT-2004-505390]; PNNL Aerosol Initiative FX We are grateful for the logistical and technical support provided by David Thomson and the AIDA staff. Funding was provided by ETH, NOAA, ACCENT, the European project SCOUT-O3 (GOCE-CT-2004-505390) and the PNNL Aerosol Initiative. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 36 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR 044013 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 534ME UT WOS:000272900500015 ER PT J AU Groisman, P Soja, AJ AF Groisman, Pavel Soja, Amber J. TI Ongoing climatic change in Northern Eurasia: justification for expedient research SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST-FIRE; 20TH-CENTURY C1 [Groisman, Pavel] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Soja, Amber J.] NIA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Groisman, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov; amber.j.soja@nasa.gov NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR 045002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 534ME UT WOS:000272900500019 ER PT J AU Groisman, P Soja, A AF Groisman, Pavel Soja, Amber TI Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative PREFACE SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Groisman, Pavel] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Groisman, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov; amber.j.soja@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR 045001 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 534ME UT WOS:000272900500018 ER PT J AU Wright, CK de Beurs, KM Akhmadieva, ZK Groisman, PY Henebry, GM AF Wright, C. K. de Beurs, K. M. Akhmadieva, Z. K. Groisman, P. Y. Henebry, G. M. TI Reanalysis data underestimate significant changes in growing season weather in Kazakhstan SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Kazakhstan; drought; climate trends; time series analysis; GPCC precipitation data; NCEP R2 temperature data ID PHENOLOGY AB We present time series analyses of recently compiled climate station data which allowed us to assess contemporary trends in growing season weather across Kazakhstan as drivers of a significant decline in growing season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) recently observed by satellite remote sensing across much of Central Asia. We used a robust nonparametric time series analysis method, the seasonal Kendall trend test to analyze georeferenced time series of accumulated growing season precipitation (APPT) and accumulated growing degree-days (AGDD). Over the period 2000-2006 we found geographically extensive, statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreasing trends in APPT and increasing trends in AGDD. The temperature trends were especially apparent during the warm season and coincided with precipitation decreases in northwest Kazakhstan, indicating that pervasive drought conditions and higher temperature excursions were the likely drivers of NDVI declines observed in Kazakhstan over the same period. We also compared the APPT and AGDD trends at individual stations with results from trend analysis of gridded monthly precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) Full Data Reanalysis v4 and gridded daily near surface air temperature from the National Centers for Climate Prediction Reanalysis v2 (NCEP R2). We found substantial deviation between the station and the reanalysis trends, suggesting that GPCC and NCEP data substantially underestimate the geographic extent of recent drought in Kazakhstan. Although gridded climate products offer many advantages in ease of use and complete coverage, our findings for Kazakhstan should serve as a caveat against uncritical use of GPCC and NCEP reanalysis data and demonstrate the importance of compiling and standardizing daily climate data from data-sparse regions like Central Asia. C1 [Wright, C. K.; Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence GIScCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [de Beurs, K. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geog, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Akhmadieva, Z. K.] Minist Environm Protect Republ Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan Sci Res Inst Ecol & Climate, Astana, Kazakhstan. [Groisman, P. Y.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Wright, CK (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence GIScCE, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Geoffrey.Henebry@sdstate.edu OI de Beurs, Kirsten/0000-0002-9244-3292; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU NEESPI; NASA LCLUC FX This research was supported in part by the NEESPI and NASA LCLUC project entitled Evaluating the Effects of Institutional Changes on Regional Hydrometeorology: Assessing the Vulnerability of the Eurasian Semi- Arid Grain Belt to GMH. We would like to thank P de Beurs for the application development that allowed us to estimate the trend statistics efficiently. Thanks to V Kovalskyy for translation services. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 AR 045020 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045020 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 534ME UT WOS:000272900500037 ER PT J AU Houde, M Pacepavicius, G Darling, C Fair, PA Alaee, M Bossart, GD Solomon, KR Letcher, RJ Bergman, A Marsh, G Muir, DCG AF Houde, Magali Pacepavicius, Grazina Darling, Colin Fair, Patricia A. Alaee, Mehran Bossart, Gregory D. Solomon, Keith R. Letcher, Robert J. Bergman, Ake Marsh, Goeran Muir, Derek C. G. TI POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS AND THEIR HYDROXYLATED ANALOGS IN PLASMA OF BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) FROM THE UNITED STATES EAST COAST SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Eastern United States coast; Plasma; Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; POLAR BEARS; PCB METABOLITES; ORGANOHALOGEN CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) were determined in plasma of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Charleston (CHS), South Carolina, and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, USA. Significantly lower sums (Sigma) of PBDE concentrations (sum of 12 congeners) were found in animals from the IRL (arithmetic mean, 5.45 +/- 4.63 ng/g wet wt) compared with those from CHS (30 +/- 40 ng/g wet wt). Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-47 was the predominant PBDE in dolphins from the IRL (50% of the Sigma PBDEs) and CHS (58%). The Sigma PBDE concentrations in plasma of dolphins were negatively correlated with age at both locations. Fifteen and sixteen individual OH-PBDE congeners could be quantified in plasma of dolphins from IRL and CHS, respectively. Similar to Sigma PBDE, mean Sigma OH-PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in plasma of dolphins at CHS (1,150 +/- 708 pg/g wet wt) compared with those at IRL (624 +/- 393 pg/g wet wt). The predominant congener at both locations was 6-OH-PBDE-47 (IRL, 384 +/- 319 pg/g wet wt; CHS, 541 +/- 344 pg/g wet wt), representing 61.5% of total Sigma OH-PBDE at IRL and 47.0% at CHS. Concentrations of Sigma OH-PBDEs were weakly negatively correlated with age in dolphins from both locations (p < 0.05; IRL, r(2) = 0.048; CHS, r(2) = 0.021). In addition to the OH-PBDE congeners identified with technical standards, eight and four unidentified OH-PBDEs were detected and quantified, respectively, in animals from CHS (sum of unidentified OH-PBDEs = 1.35 +/- 0.90 pg/g wet wt) and IRL (0.73 +/- 0.40 pg/g wet wt). Results of the present study suggest that, unlike OH-PCBs, OH-PBDEs in bottlenose dolphins are minor products in plasma relative to Sigma PBDEs and a significant proportion may be a consequence of the dietary uptake of naturally produced methoxylated- and OH-PBDEs. C1 [Houde, Magali; Pacepavicius, Grazina; Darling, Colin; Alaee, Mehran; Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Houde, Magali; Solomon, Keith R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Wildlife & Landscape Sci Directorate,Sci & Techno, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Bergman, Ake; Marsh, Goeran] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Muir, DCG (reprint author), Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM derek.muir@ec.gc.ca OI Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomecular Research; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; les Fonds Quebecois sur la Recherche et les Technologies FX Financial support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomecular Research, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, and the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate Fund. The National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and les Fonds Quebecois sur la Recherche et les Technologies are also acknowledged for their financial contribution to the senior author. Capture-release studies of bottlenose dolphins were performed under the National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit 998-1678 issued to G. Bossart. We would like to thank the numerous researchers who participated in the dolphin capture and release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to F. Townsend, L. Fulford, L. Hansen, E. Zolman, S. McCulloch, the NOAA and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute staff, all the veterinarians, and the many volunteers. Thanks are extended to W. McFee for dolphin aging and J. Adams for the map image. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2061 EP 2068 DI 10.1897/09-031.S1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 492VI UT WOS:000269688800007 PM 19499968 ER PT J AU Li, HJ Deng, L Huang, G AF Li, H. J. Deng, L. Huang, G. TI Dynamics of coupled ultraslow optical solitons in a coherent four-state double-Lambda system SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; PULSE-PROPAGATION; VECTOR SOLITONS; SOLITARY WAVES; ATOMIC GAS; FAST LIGHT; DRIVEN; MEDIA; DARK; NONLINEARITIES AB We present a systematical investigation, both analytical and numerical, on the dynamics of two nearly lossless and distortion-free weak nonlinear optical pulses in a cold, lifetime-broadened four-state double-Lambda system via electromagnetically induced transparency. Starting from the equations of motion of atomic response and probe fields, we give a detail derivation of two coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations that control the nonlinear evolution of two probe field envelopes by means of a standard method of multiple-scales. We show that stable optical solitons with very slow propagating velocity can be generated under very low input light intensity when working in the transparency window of probe absorption spectrum induced by two continuous-wave control fields. We demonstrate that coupled optical soliton pairs are possible in the system through cross-phase modulational instability and mutual trapping effect of solitons. We provide various coupled optical soliton pair solutions explicitly and analyze their stability numerically. C1 [Li, H. J.; Huang, G.] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.] NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, G.] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Huang, G.] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Li, HJ (reprint author), Zhejiang Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM hjli@zjnu.cn FU NSF-China [10674060, 10874043]; National Basic Research Program of China [2005CB724508, 2006CB921104]; Doctoral Foundation; ZJNU [KJ20080113] FX This work was supported by the NSF-China under Grant Nos. 10674060 and 10874043, by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos. 2005CB724508 and 2006CB921104, by the Doctoral Foundation of ZJNU 2009, and by Foundation Project for Youths of ZJNU under Grant No. KJ20080113. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD OCT PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2009-00233-3 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 495BO UT WOS:000269864400013 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Williams, EH Taylor, JC AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Williams, Erik H. Taylor, J. Christopher TI Spatial structure and temporal patterns in a large marine ecosystem: Exploited reef fishes of the southeast United States SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fish assemblages; Haemulidae; Large marine ecosystem; Lutjanidae; Serranidae ID LIONFISH PTEROIS-VOLITANS; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATLANTIC BIGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; EAST-COAST; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY AB The continental shelf of the southeast United States forms one of North America's Large Marine Ecosystems (LME). Despite increased attention on ecosystem management, fisheries within this LME continue to be managed on a single stock basis, in part because interactions among species and environmental effects are poorly understood. Using fishery data from two different sources (recreational and commercial), we applied multivariate statistical techniques to elucidate spatial and temporal dynamics of reef fish assemblages. Spatial analyses of species composition revealed a zoogeographic boundary near Cape Canaveral, Florida, suggesting that management of reef fishes could be applied to the northern and southern regions with discrimination. Temporal analyses revealed, in general, gradual changes in species composition of landings, but with primary shifts in 1992 and again in 1999-2000. Chronological patterns, evident in these two independent data sets, bear the signature of one or more trending factors, which in this LME could include increased exploitation, spread of invasive species, habitat degradation, or climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Williams, Erik H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Taylor, J. Christopher] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NOAA FX The authors are grateful for the support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, particularly NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center. Helpful comments were provided by K. Brennan, T. Kellison, W. Mitchell, J. Smith, D. Vaughan, and anonymous reviewers. Opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies or findings of any government agency. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 2 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.06.017 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 548AN UT WOS:000273931300005 ER PT J AU Reese, C Hillgruber, N Sturdevant, M Wertheimer, A Smoker, W Focht, R AF Reese, Carl Hillgruber, Nicola Sturdevant, Molly Wertheimer, Alex Smoker, William Focht, Rick TI Spatial and temporal distribution and the potential for estuarine interactions between wild and hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Taku Inlet, Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PINK SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE WATERS; PUGET-SOUND; PRIOR RESIDENCE AB We investigated estuarine spatial and temporal overlap of wild and marked hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry; the latter included two distinct size groups released near the Taku River estuary (Taku Inlet) in Southeast Alaska (early May releases of similar to 1.9 g and late May releases of similar to 3.9 g wet weight). Our objectives were to compare abundance, body size, and condition of wild chum salmon fry and hatchery chum salmon fry raised under early and late rearing strategies in different habitats of Taku Inlet and to document environmental factors that could potentially explain the distribution, size, and abundance of these chum salmon fry. We used a sampling design stratified into inner and outer inlet and neritic and littoral habitats. Hatchery fry were rare in the inner estuary in both years but outnumbered wild fry 20:1 in the outer estuary. Hatchery fry were significantly larger than wild fry in both littoral and neritic samples. Abundances of wild and hatchery fry were positively correlated in the outer inlet, indicating the formation of mixed schools of hatchery and wild fry. Spatial and temporal overlap was greatest between wild and early hatchery fry in the outer inlet in both habitats. The early hatchery release coincided with peak abundances of wild fry in the outer inlet, and the distribution of wild and early hatchery fry overlapped for about three weeks. Our results demonstrate that the timing of release of hatchery fry may affect interactions with wild fry. C1 [Reese, Carl] Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Reese, Carl; Hillgruber, Nicola; Smoker, William] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Sturdevant, Molly; Wertheimer, Alex] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Focht, Rick] Douglas Isl Pink & Chum Inc, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Reese, C (reprint author), Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, 410 Willoughby Ave, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM carl.reese@alaska.gov FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Pacific Coast Salmon Restoration Fund through the Southeast Sustainable Salmon Fund FX This research was supported by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and the Pacific Coast Salmon Restoration Fund through the Southeast Sustainable Salmon Fund. Otolith marks were read by D. Tersteeg, B. Meredith, and M. Wunderlich of Douglas Island Pink and Chum, Inc. We would like to thank S. Heinl of Alaska Department of Fish and Game for suggestions and background information, and E. Fergusson for laboratory and database assistance. C. Farrington, B. White, L. Mullins, R. Vinzant, E. Venturini, J. Barton, J. Haas, T. Miles, and others assisted us in the field. We are grateful for the expert support provided by R. Dobrydnia, Master of the FV Teasha, Ketchikan, Alaska. We also appreciate the insightful, constructive comments provided by three anonymous reviewers who helped us to substantially improve the manuscript. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 433 EP 450 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500003 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW AF Stoner, Allan W. TI Prediction of discard mortality for Alaskan crabs after exposure to freezing temperatures, based on a reflex impairment index SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID AIR EXPOSURE; SNOW CRAB; COLLATERAL MORTALITY; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; HANDLING MORTALITY; WATER TEMPERATURE; TANNER CRABS; SPIDER CRAB; LOBSTER; FISHERY AB Millions of crabs are sorted and discarded in freezing conditions each year in Alaskan fisheries for Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) and snow crab (C. opilio). However, cold exposures vary widely over the fishing season and among different vessels, and mortalities are difficult to estimate. A shipboard experiment was conducted to determine whether simple behavioral observations can be used to evaluate crab condition after low-temperature exposures. Crabs were systematically subjected to cold in seven different exposure treatments. They were then tested for righting behavior and six different reflex actions and held to monitor mortality. Crabs lost limbs, showed reflex impairment, and died in direct proportion to increases in cold exposure. Righting behavior was a poor predictor of mortality, whereas reflex impairment (scored as the sum of reflex actions that were lost) was an excellent predictor. This composite index could be measured quickly and easily in hand, and logistic regression revealed that the relationship between reflex impairment and mortality correctly predicted 80.0% of the mortality and survival for C. bairdi, and 79.4% for C. opilio. These relationships provide substantial improvements over earlier approaches to mortality estimation and were independent of crab size and exposure temperature. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [711] FX This research was supported by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (project no. 711). C. Rose, J.E. Munk, P. Iseri, D. Benjamin, and C. Hammond assisted with the field operations, and the captain and crew of FV Pacific Explorer helped to set up experimental systems. M. W. Davis provided guidance in experimental protocols and data interpretation. Helpful suggestions for the manuscript were made by M. Carls, M. W. Davis, J.E. Munk, and B. G. Stevens. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 451 EP 463 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500004 ER PT J AU Cox, MK Heintz, R AF Cox, M. Keith Heintz, Ron TI Electrical phase angle as a new method to measure fish condition SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; BODY-COMPOSITION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEASONAL-CHANGES; MUSCLE; TROUT; WATER AB In this study, phase angle (the ratio of resistance and reactance of tissue to applied electrical current) is presented as a possible new method to measure fish condition. Condition indices for fish have historically been based on simple weight-at-length relationships, or on costly and time-consuming laboratory procedures that measure specific physiological parameters. Phase angle is introduced to combine the simplicity of a quick field-based measurement with the specificity of laboratory analysis by directly measuring extra- and intracellular water distribution within an organism, which is indicative of its condition. Phase angle, which can be measured in the field or laboratory in the time it takes to measure length and weight, was measured in six species of fish at different states (e.g., fed vs. fasted, and postmortem) and under different environmental treatments (wild vs. hatchery, winter vs. spring). Phase angle reflected different states of condition. Phase angles <15 degrees indicated fish in poor condition, and phase angles >15 degrees indicated fish that were in better condition. Phase angle was slightly affected by temperatures (slope=-0.19) in the 0-8 degrees C range and did not change in fish placed on ice for <12 hours. Phase angle also decreased over time in postmortem fish because of cell membrane degradation and subsequent water movement from intra- to extracellular (interstitial) spaces. Phase angle also reflected condition of specific anatomical locations within the fish. C1 [Cox, M. Keith; Heintz, Ron] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Cox, MK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Keith.Cox@noaa.gov FU NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX The authors would like to thank NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center for providing funding for this project and K. Hartman (West Virginia University), J. Silverstein (USDA), J. Margraf (University of Alaska, Fairbanks), N. Parker (Juneau Douglas High School), and J. J. Vollenweider (Auke Bay Laboratories) for providing fish data. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 477 EP 487 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500006 ER PT J AU Martinson, EC Helle, JH Scarnecchia, DL Stokes, HH AF Martinson, Ellen C. Helle, John H. Scarnecchia, Dennis L. Stokes, Houston H. TI Growth and survival of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Karluk Lake and River, Alaska, in relation to climatic and oceanic regimes and indices, 1922-2000 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PINK SALMON; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MARINE GROWTH; ABUNDANCE; RATES; TEMPERATURE; COMPETITION; GORBUSCHA AB We examined whether the relationship between climate and salmon production was linked through the effect of climate on the growth of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at sea. Smolt length and juvenile, immature, and maturing growth rates were estimated from increments on scales of adult sockeye salmon that returned to the Karluk River and Lake system on Kodiak Island, Alaska, over 77 years, 1924-2000. Survival was higher during the warm climate regimes and lower during the cool regime. Growth was not correlated with survival, as estimated from the residuals of the Ricker stock-recruitment model. Juvenile growth was correlated with an atmospheric forcing index and immature growth was correlated with the amount of coastal precipitation, but the magnitude of winter and spring coastal downwelling in the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest atmospheric patterns that influence the directional bifurcation of the Pacific Current were not related to the growth of Karluk sockeye salmon. However, indices of sea surface temperature, coastal precipitation, and atmospheric circulation in the eastern North Pacific were correlated with the survival of Karluk sockeye salmon. Winter and spring precipitation and atmospheric circulation are possible processes linking survival to climate variation in Karluk sockeye salmon. C1 [Martinson, Ellen C.; Helle, John H.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Scarnecchia, Dennis L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Stokes, Houston H.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Martinson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Ellen.Martinson@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 488 EP 500 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500007 ER PT J AU Shulzitski, K McCartney, MA Burton, ML AF Shulzitski, Kathryn McCartney, Michael A. Burton, Michael L. TI Population connectivity among Dry Tortugas, Florida, and Caribbean populations of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), inferred from multiple microsatellite loci SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; DIFFERENTIATION; RECRUITMENT; DISPERSAL; RETENTION; PATTERNS; ALLELES; SYSTEMS AB Determining patterns of population connectivity is critical to the evaluation of marine reserves as recruitment sources for harvested populations. Mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) is a good test case because the last known major spawning aggregation in U.S. waters was granted no-take status in the Tortugas South Ecological Reserve (TSER) in 2001. To evaluate the TSER population as a recruitment source, we genotyped mutton snapper from the Dry Tortugas, southeast Florida, and from three locations across the Caribbean at eight microsatellite loci. Both F-statistics and individual-based Bayesian analyses indicated that genetic substructure was absent across the five populations. Genetic homogeneity of mutton snapper populations is consistent with its pelagic larval duration of 27 to 37 days and adult behavior of annual migrations to large spawning aggregations. Statistical power of future genetic assessments of mutton snapper population connectivity may benefit from more comprehensive geographic sampling, and perhaps from the development of less polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci. Research where alternative methods are used, such as the transgenerational marking of embryonic otoliths with barium stable isotopes, is also needed on this and other species with diverse life history characteristics to further evaluate the TSER as a recruitment source and to define corridors of population connectivity across the Caribbean and Florida. C1 [Shulzitski, Kathryn; McCartney, Michael A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Burton, Michael L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Shulzitski, K (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kshulzitski@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the many people who collected samples and made this study possible: W. Heyman and N. Requena of The Nature Conservancy Belize; E. Ault and A. Poholek of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission Tequesta Laboratory; K. Brennan and P. Kirwin of the NMFS Beaufort Laboratory. Funding for this research study was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. R. Munoz, NMFS Beaufort Laboratory, T. Schultz and J. Carlson, Duke University Marine Laboratory, and three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 501 EP 509 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500008 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Abecassis, M Howell, EA Woodworth, P AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Abecassis, Melanie Howell, Evan A. Woodworth, Phoebe TI Increases in the relative abundance of mid-trophic level fishes concurrent with declines in apex predators in the subtropical North Pacific, 1996-2006 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN; DEPTH; GEAR AB Catch rates for the 13 most abundant species caught in the deep-set Hawaii-based longline fishery over the past decade (1996-2006) provide evidence of a change among the top North Pacific subtropical predators. Catch rates for apex predators such as blue shark (Prionace glauca), bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) tunas, shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris), and striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) declined by 3% to 9% per year and catch rates for four midtrophic species, mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus), sickle pomfret (Taractichthys steindachneri), escolar (Lepidocybium flauobrunneum), and snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens), increased by 6% to 18% per year. The mean trophic level of the catch for these 13 species declined 5%, from 3.85 to 3.66. A shift in the ecosystem to an increase in midtrophic-level, fast-growing and short-lived species is indicated by the decline in apex predators in the catch (from 70% to 40%) and the increase in species with production to biomass values of 1.0 or larger in the catch (from 20% to 40%). This altered ecosystem may exhibit more temporal variation in response to climate variability. C1 [Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Howell, Evan A.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Abecassis, Melanie; Woodworth, Phoebe] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jeffrey.Polovina@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 523 EP 531 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 513HE UT WOS:000271312500010 ER PT J AU Baran, JM Cochran, JR Holmes, RC Tolstoy, M Carbotte, SM AF Baran, Janet M. Cochran, James R. Holmes, R. Chadwick Tolstoy, Maya Carbotte, Suzanne M. TI Constraints on the mantle temperature gradient along the Southeast Indian Ridge from crustal structure and isostasy: implications for the transition from an axial high to an axial valley SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Gravity anomalies and Earth structure; Mid-ocean ridge processes; Crustal structure; Indian Ocean ID AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; THERMAL STRUCTURE; SPREADING RATE; RIFT-VALLEY; MORPHOLOGY; BENEATH; LITHOSPHERE; TOPOGRAPHY AB P>Axial and ridge flank depths on the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) systematically increase for 2500 km from 90 degrees E to 120 degrees E approaching the Australian-Antarctic Discordance. The SEIR also experiences an abrupt change in ridge axis morphology near 103 degrees 30'E with axial highs found to the west and axial valleys to the east. Since the spreading rate is constant throughout this region, these variations have been ascribed to an along-axis gradient in mantle temperature. A seismic refraction experiment provides information on the crustal thickness and seismic velocity structure of two segments with differing axial morphology. Segment P2, centred near 102 degrees E with an axial high has a mean crustal thickness of 5.9 +/- 0.2 km, while the mean crustal thickness is 5.3 +/- 0.3 km at Segment S1 with an axial valley and centred near 109 degrees 45'E. Isostatic compensation of the difference in crustal thickness and density structure between the two segments only accounts for 33 m of the 198 m difference in average ridge flank depth between the two segments. The remaining depth difference must result from a difference in mantle density. Melt production models imply a mantle temperature difference of 11-13.5 degrees C to produce the observed difference in crustal thickness. Isostatic compensation of the two segments requires that the resulting density difference must extend to about 300 km in the mantle. The transition in axial morphology along the SEIR is very abrupt occurring over a narrow zone within a single segment in which the transition is complete. If a linear mantle temperature gradient is assumed, the temperature difference across the transition segment is only 2.4 degrees C. The change in axial morphology is accompanied by abrupt changes in other parameters including abyssal hill height, magnetic anomaly amplitude, layer 2a thickness and the presence or absence of an axial magma lens. The abrupt, coincident change in a number of parameters with a very small change in mantle temperature strongly suggests a threshold change between two distinctly different modes of crustal accretion. The trigger for the transition appears to be whether a steady-state crustal magma lens can be maintained. C1 [Baran, Janet M.; Cochran, James R.; Holmes, R. Chadwick; Tolstoy, Maya; Carbotte, Suzanne M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Baran, Janet M.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Baran, JM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM jrc@ldeo.columbia.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-99-11720]; LDEO [7278] FX Discussions with and suggestions from Roger Buck and Mladen Nedimovic contributed greatly to this work. Comments and suggestions from Y. John Chen and an anonymous reviewer were extremely helpful. The efforts of the Captain, crew and scientific staff aboard R/V Maurice Ewing under very difficult weather and sea conditions were essential to the collection of the data utilized in this study. The GMT software package (Wessel & Smith 1998) was used for the preparation of figures. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE-99-11720. LDEO contribution 7278. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 179 IS 1 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04300.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 493KX UT WOS:000269736600011 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Zhang, HM AF Anderson, D. M. Zhang, H. -M. TI Shallow ocean overturning and the heat and carbon content of the Glacial Tropical Ocean SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE ocean circulation; carbon cycle; Ice Age ID PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BORON ISOTOPE; SEA; PH; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; MAXIMUM; ATLANTIC; TEMPERATURES AB Mechanisms affecting the heat and carbon content of the Glacial Tropical Ocean (2 1,000 years BP) remain controversial. Exchange with the deep ocean via vertical mixing and the overturning circulation is one aspect that is clearly relevant to greenhouse gas concentrations and future climate change. We examined evidence of the possible role of the shallow overturning contribution on the Glacial Tropical Ocean temperature and carbonate ion concentration. Compared to the present, we find that the Glacial tropical upper ocean (01000 m) had enhanced vertical gradients in temperature and carbonate ion concentration, reduced turbulent diffusivity (vertical mixing rate) (by 20% or more), and weakened Ekman pumping in middle-latitudes, all consistent with reduced shallow overturning. The weakened property exchanges between the tropical upper ocean and the ocean below (cold with high total dissolved carbon-dioxide concentration) provide a unified explanation for both the unexpectedly-small sea surface cooling and the lower carbon-dioxide content in the Glacial tropical upper ocean and the atmosphere. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Anderson, D. M.] Natl Climat Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO USA. [Anderson, D. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, H. -M.] Natl Climat Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), Natl Climat Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO USA. EM david.m.anderson@noaa.gov RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD OCT PY 2009 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.07.006 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 514CB UT WOS:000271370100003 ER PT J AU Eldridge, WH Myers, JM Naish, KA AF Eldridge, W. H. Myers, J. M. Naish, K. A. TI Long-term changes in the fine-scale population structure of coho salmon populations (Oncorhynchus kisutch) subject to extensive supportive breeding SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE hatchery; pacific salmon; microsatellite loci; genetic diversity; metapopulation; temporal ID NEW-ZEALAND SNAPPER; ATLANTIC SALMON; TEMPORAL STABILITY; MICROSATELLITE DNA; GENE FLOW; TRUTTA POPULATIONS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; STOCKING IMPACT; WILD RELATIVES; PAGRUS-AURATUS AB The long-term viability of a metapopulation depends partly on the gene flow among sub-populations. Management approaches such as translocations and supportive breeding between closely related populations may affect gene flow and overall structure, and therefore viability. Here, we examined temporal changes in the fine-scale population structure of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by comparing archived (1938) and modern (2001-2005) populations in six rivers within a single conservation unit (Puget Sound, Washington) sampled before and after an extended period of between-river transfers and releases of millions of cultured salmon. Genotype frequencies at eight microsatellite loci showed that current populations descended from historical Puget Sound populations, but populations in different rivers that exchanged fish for hatchery propagation share more of their ancestry recently than they did historically. Historically, populations in different rivers were isolated by geographic distance, but that relationship is no longer significant. Allelic richness among all populations declined significantly, suggesting that genetic drift has increased because of a population bottleneck. Populations in different rivers and within the same river have become more diverged, providing further evidence for a widespread bottleneck. Previously, we observed that genetic distance significantly decreased with the number of fish exchanged; however, some populations apparently resisted introgression. Altered gene flow and lost diversity may affect the complexity, and therefore resiliency of sub-populations within a conservation unit. Plans for artificial culture need to maintain existing genetic diversity and avoid disrupting the fine-scale structure by using local populations for parents whenever possible. Heredity (2009) 103, 299-309; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.69; published online 15 July 2009 C1 [Eldridge, W. H.; Naish, K. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Myers, J. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Eldridge, WH (reprint author), Stroud Water Res Ctr, 970 Spencer Rd, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. EM weldridge@stroudcenter.org RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232]; Washington Sea Grant; University of Washington; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA05OAR41711742, E/I-11] FX We thank S Karren and the staff at the National Archives, Pacific Alaska Region, for their assistance in locating and retrieving the historical samples from the Bureau of Fisheries Files, as well as M McClure, D Schindler, F Utter, L Hauser and four anonymous reviewers for their comments. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution 1429. WHE was supported by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA05OAR41711742, Project No. E/I-11. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or of any of its subagencies. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1038/hdy.2009.69 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 497UG UT WOS:000270087700005 PM 19603062 ER PT J AU Noji, T Rumohr, H Smith, SJ AF Noji, Thomas Rumohr, Heye Smith, Stephen J. TI Sediment-biota interactions and mapping marine habitats: an Introduction SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Noji, T., Rumohr, H., and Smith, S. J. 2009. Sediment-biota interactions and mapping marine habitats: an Introduction. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2012. C1 [Noji, Thomas] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. [Rumohr, Heye] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Kiel, Germany. [Smith, Stephen J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. RP Noji, T (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. EM thomas.noji@noaa.gov RI Smith, Stephen/J-9733-2012 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 2012 EP 2012 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp213 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 491WB UT WOS:000269611300021 ER PT J AU Cogan, CB Todd, BJ Lawton, P Noji, TT AF Cogan, Christopher B. Todd, Brian J. Lawton, Peter Noji, Thomas T. TI The role of marine habitat mapping in ecosystem-based management SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Meeting of the International-Council-for-the-Exploration-of-the-Sea CY 2008 CL Halifax, CANADA SP Int Council Explorat Sea DE biodiversity; ecosystem; GIS; habitat; management; mapping; marine ID HIERARCHICAL APPROACH; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; GOVERNANCE; COASTAL; OCEAN AB Cogan, C. B., Todd, B. J., Lawton, P., and Noji, T. T. 2009. The role of marine habitat mapping in ecosystem-based management. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2033-2042. C1 [Cogan, Christopher B.] Calif State Univ Channel Isl, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Todd, Brian J.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Nat Resources Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Lawton, Peter] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, Maritimes Reg, Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Noji, Thomas T.] NOAA Fisheries, US Dept Commerce, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Sandy Hook, NJ 07732 USA. RP Cogan, CB (reprint author), Calif State Univ Channel Isl, 1 Univ Dr, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. EM christopher.cogan@csuci.edu NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 2033 EP 2042 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp214 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 491WB UT WOS:000269611300024 ER PT J AU Shum, CK Abusali, PAM Kuo, CY Lee, H Ogle, J Raney, RK Ries, JC Smith, WHF Svehla, D Zhao, CY AF Shum, C. K. Abusali, P. A. M. Kuo, Chung-Yen Lee, Hyongki Ogle, James Raney, R. Keith Ries, John C. Smith, Walter H. F. Svehla, Drazen Zhao, Changyin TI Orbit Accuracy Requirement for ABYSS: The Space Station Radar Altimeter to Map Global Bathymetry SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Delay-Doppler altimetry; global bathymetry; ocean circulation; orbit determination; space station ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; MISSION; GEOSAT; LAND; ICE AB The Altimetric Bathymetry from Surface Slopes (ABYSS), which is the proposed science payload on the International Space Station (ISS), is a Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory-developed flight-proved delay-Doppler phase-monopulse radar altimeter capable of measuring ocean surface slope in the 6-200-km half-wavelength frequency band range with an accuracy of 0.5 mu rad, with autonomous gimbal control to compensate for the ISS structural motions. This measurement allows an improved mapping of the global bathymetry, enabling a wide range of scientific research works and applications. The nonrepeat ISS orbital ground track is ideal for ABYSS. This letter describes a simulation study on the effects of the Earth's gravity field and other errors, including thermal bending of the ISS, on the orbit determination of the altimeter instrument antenna phase center location, fulfilling the science objectives of ABYSS. Our study concluded that the error due to mean gravity field is no longer limiting due primarily to the recent Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment gravity modeling and that the ABYSS/ISS radial orbit slope error budget in the presence of various force and measurement model errors is estimated at the 0.2-mu rad root-sum-squared (RSS) level, which satisfies the ABYSS orbit accuracy science requirement to provide an improved mapping of global bathymetry. C1 [Shum, C. K.; Lee, Hyongki] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Abusali, P. A. M.; Ries, John C.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kuo, Chung-Yen] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Geomat, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [Ogle, James] ITT Space Syst Div, Ft Wayne, IN 46801 USA. [Raney, R. Keith] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Svehla, Drazen] Tech Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Zhao, Changyin] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Shum, CK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Div Geodet Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ckshum@osu.edu; abusali@csr.utexas.edu; kuo70@mail.ncku.edu.tw; lee.2444@osu.edu; jim@jjogle.net; keith.raney@jhuapl.edu; ries@csr.utexas.edu; Walter.HF.Smith@noaa.gov; svehla@bv.tum.de; cyzhao@pmo.ac.cn RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2012877 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500008 ER PT J AU Maddy, ES Barnet, CD Gambacorta, A AF Maddy, Eric S. Barnet, Chris D. Gambacorta, Antonia TI A Computationally Efficient Retrieval Algorithm for Hyperspectral Sounders Incorporating A Priori Information SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Infrared (IR) measurements; inverse problems; matrices; remote sensing; satellites ID AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PRODUCTS AB In this letter, we describe a novel implementation scheme for the inversion of the radiative-transfer equation as encountered in satellite remote sensing and incorporating a priori information. Unlike traditional maximum a posteriori approaches, the new algorithm does not require the use of a forward-model tangent linear and does not pay a large computational time penalty in the use of numerical derivatives. Using spectral data from the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites' Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer sensor, we provide a demonstration of the algorithm and comparison to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's operationally available product using carbon monoxide as target gas. C1 [Maddy, Eric S.; Gambacorta, Antonia] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Barnet, Chris D.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Maddy, ES (reprint author), Perot Syst Govt Serv, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM eric.maddy@noaa.gov; chris.barnet@noaa.gov; antonia.gambacorta@noaa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132 FU Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Climate Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Manuscript received March 2, 2009; revised May 8, 2009. First published August 11, 2009; current version published October 14, 2009. This work was supported by a grant from the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Climate Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 802 EP 806 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2025780 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500039 ER PT J AU Remley, KA AF Remley, Kate A. TI Why We Are Here SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM microwave.editor@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 6 EP 6 DI 10.1109/MMM.2009.933607 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494TJ UT WOS:000269839800001 ER PT J AU Williams, D Lewandowski, A LeGolvan, D Ginley, R AF Williams, Dylan Lewandowski, Arkadiusz LeGolvan, Denis Ginley, Ron TI Electronic Vector-Network-Analyzer Verification SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT C1 [Williams, Dylan; Lewandowski, Arkadiusz; LeGolvan, Denis; Ginley, Ron] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1109/MMM.2009.933595 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 494TJ UT WOS:000269839800012 ER PT J AU Yueh, SH Dinardo, SJ Akgiray, A West, R Cline, DW Elder, K AF Yueh, Simon H. Dinardo, Steve J. Akgiray, Ahmed West, Richard Cline, Donald W. Elder, Kelly TI Airborne Ku-Band Polarimetric Radar Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Snow Cover SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Microwave remote sensing; radar; snow ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE RESPONSE; SIR-C/X-SAR; DRY SNOW; 35 GHZ; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS; WIND AB Characteristics of the Ku-band polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT) data acquired from five sets of aircraft flights in the winter months of 2006-2008 for the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX-II) in Colorado are described in this paper. The data showed the response of the Ku-band radar echoes to snowpack changes for various types of background vegetation in the study site in north central Colorado. We observed about 0.15-0.5-dB increases in backscatter for every 1 cm of snow-water-equivalent (SWE) accumulation for areas with short vegetation (sagebrush and pasture). The region with the smaller amount of biomass, signified by the backscatter in November, seemed to have the stronger backscatter response to SWE in decibels. The data also showed the impact of surface hoar growth and freeze/thaw cycles, which created large snow-grain sizes, ice crust layers, and ice lenses and consequently increased the radar signals by a few decibels. The copolarized HH/VV backscatter ratio seems to indicate double-bounce scattering between the ground surface and snow or vegetation. The cross-polarized backscatter [vertical-horizontal (VH)] showed not only the influence of vegetation but also the strong response to snow accumulation. The observed HV/VV ratio suggests the importance of multiple scattering or nonspherical scattering geometry of snow grain in the dense-media radiative transfer scattering model. Comparison of the POLSCAT and QuikSCAT data was made and confirmed the effects of mixed terrain covers in the coarse-resolution QuikSCAT data. C1 [Yueh, Simon H.; Dinardo, Steve J.; Akgiray, Ahmed; West, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Yueh, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM syueh@jpl.nasa.gov; Steve.Dinardo@jpl.nasa.gov; Ahmed.Akgiray@jpl.nasa.gov; richard.west@jpl.nasa.gov; Donald.Cline@noaa.gov; kelder@fs.fed.us FU National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center; U.S. Forest Service FX The work described in this paper that was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Also, the work described here included the contributions by the National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center and the U.S. Forest Service. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 3347 EP 3364 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2022945 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 498JR UT WOS:000270136200006 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Hale, PD Williams, DF AF Wang, C. M. Hale, Paul D. Williams, Dylan F. TI Uncertainty of Timebase Corrections SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Covariance analysis; oscilloscopes; pulse measurements; uncertainty; waveform ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES AB We develop a covariance matrix describing the uncertainty of a new timebase for waveform measurements determined with the National Institute of Standards and Technology's timebase correction algorithm. This covariance matrix is used with covariance matrices associated with other random and systematic effects in the propagation of uncertainty for the measured waveform. C1 [Wang, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williams, Dylan F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Fields, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 10 BP 3468 EP 3472 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2017667 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 493XP UT WOS:000269772900014 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M Cheok, GS Saidi, KS Witzgall, C AF Franaszek, Marek Cheok, Geraldine S. Saidi, Kamel S. Witzgall, Christoph TI Fitting Spheres to Range Data From 3-D Imaging Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Directional error function; orthogonal error function; sphere fitting; target-based registration; 3-D imaging systems ID LEAST-SQUARES; CIRCLE; ALGORITHMS AB Two error functions used for nonlinear least squares (LS) fitting of spheres to range data from 3-D imaging systems are discussed: the orthogonal error function and the directional error function. Both functions allow unrestricted gradient-based minimization and were tested on more than 40 data sets(1) collected under different experimental conditions (e. g., different sphere diameters, instruments, data density, and data noise). It was found that the orthogonal error function results in two local minima and that the outcome of the optimization depends on the choice of starting point. The centroid of the data points is commonly used as the starting point for the nonlinear LS solution, but the choice of starting point is sensitive to data segmentation and, for some sparse and noisy data sets, can lead to a spurious minimum that does not correspond to the center of a real sphere. The directional error function has only one minimum; therefore, it is not sensitive to the starting point and is more suitable for applications that require fully automated sphere fitting. C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Cheok, Geraldine S.; Saidi, Kamel S.; Witzgall, Christoph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov; kamel.saidi@nist.gov; witzgall@nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 10 BP 3544 EP 3553 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2018011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 493XP UT WOS:000269772900023 ER PT J AU Hale, PD Dienstfrey, A Wang, JCM Williams, DF Lewandowski, A Keenan, DA Clement, TS AF Hale, Paul D. Dienstfrey, Andrew Wang, Jack C. M. Williams, Dylan F. Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Keenan, Darryl A. Clement, Tracy S. TI Traceable Waveform Calibration With a Covariance-Based Uncertainty Analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Covariance matrices; deconvolution; oscilloscopes; pulse measurements; signals; uncertainty; waveforms ID FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORM; SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM; NPL AB We describe a method for calibrating the voltage that a step-like pulse generator produces at a load at every time point in the measured waveform. The calibration includes an equivalent-circuit model of the generator that can be used to determine how the generator behaves when it is connected to arbitrary loads. The generator is calibrated with an equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope and is traceable to fundamental physics via the electro-optic sampling system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The calibration includes a covariance-based uncertainty analysis that provides the uncertainty at each time in the waveform vector and the correlations between the uncertainties at the different times. From the calibrated waveform vector and its covariance matrix, we calculate pulse parameters and their uncertainties. We compare our method with a more traditional parameter-based uncertainty analysis. C1 [Hale, Paul D.; Dienstfrey, Andrew; Wang, Jack C. M.; Williams, Dylan F.; Lewandowski, Arkadiusz; Keenan, Darryl A.; Clement, Tracy S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hale, PD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 44 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 10 BP 3554 EP 3568 DI 10.1109/TIM.2009.2018012 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 493XP UT WOS:000269772900024 ER PT J AU Donahue, MJ AF Donahue, Michael J. TI Parallelizing a Micromagnetic Program for Use on Multiprocessor Shared Memory Computers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference 2009 (INTERMAG) CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE DE Magnetic materials; parallel algorithms ID WRITE HEAD AB Parallelization of a finite difference micromagnetic program on shared memory computer systems is studied. Efficiency is found to be limited by memory bandwidth, and techniques are introduced to reduce memory traffic. Computations are sped up by a factor of three with four processor cores; a factor of five is possible on some systems. This corresponds to a Karp-Flatt serial fraction of 5-10% for small core counts. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donahue, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.don-ahue@nist.gov NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 10 SI SI BP 3923 EP 3925 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2023866 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 498OA UT WOS:000270149700132 ER PT J AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig W. Howe, David A. TI Vibration-Induced PM and AM Noise in Microwave Components SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY; CRYSTAL-OSCILLATORS AB The performance of microwave components is sensitive to vibrations to some extent. Aside from the resonator, microwave cables, and connectors, bandpass filters, mechanical phase shifters, and some nonlinear components are the most sensitive. The local oscillator is one of the prime performance-limiting components in microwave systems ranging from simple RF receivers to advanced radars. The increasing present and future demand for low acceleration sensitive oscillators, approaching 10(-13)/g, requires a reexamination of sensitivities of basic nonoscillatory building-block components under vibration. The purpose of this paper is to study the phase-modulation (PM) noise performance of an assortment of oscillatory and nonoscillatory microwave components under vibration at 10 GHz. We point out some challenges and provide suggestions for the accurate measurement of vibration sensitivity of these components. We also study the effect of vibration on the amplitude-modulation (AM) noise. C1 [Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig W.; Howe, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 56 IS 10 BP 2050 EP 2059 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1288 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 504CR UT WOS:000270592000002 PM 19942493 ER PT J AU Rong, B Qian, Y Lu, KJ Hu, RQ Kadoch, M AF Rong, Bo Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Hu, Rose Qingyang Kadoch, Michel TI Mobile-Agent-Based Handoff in Wireless Mesh Networks: Architecture and Call Admission Control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Call admission control (CAC); genetic algorithm (GA); handoff; mobile agent (MA); wireless mesh network (WMN) ID PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; STOCHASTIC KNAPSACK; MPEG VIDEO; VOIP; SERVICES; SYSTEMS; SIP; IP AB The wireless mesh network (WMN) has recently emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless networking. In the WMN, it is crucial to support mobile users roaming around the network without service interruption. This consideration motivates us to develop an efficient fast handoff approach using distributed computing technology. Particularly, we propose a mobile agent (MA)-based handoff architecture for the WMN, where each mesh client has an MA residing on its registered mesh router to handle the handoff signaling process. To guarantee quality of service (QoS) and achieve differentiated priorities during the handoff, we develop a proportional threshold structured optimal effective bandwidth (PTOEB) policy for call admission control (CAC) on the mesh router, as well as a genetic algorithm (GA)-based approximation approach for the heuristic solution. The simulation study shows that the proposed CAC scheme can obtain a satisfying tradeoff between differentiated priorities and the statistical effective bandwidth in a WMN handoff environment. C1 [Rong, Bo] Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Nortel Networks, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. [Kadoch, Michel] Univ Quebec, Dept Elect Engn, Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ H3C 1K3, Canada. RP Rong, B (reprint author), Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. EM bo.rong@ieee.org; yqian@nist.gov; lukejie@ece.uprm.edu; rosehu@ieee.org; michel.kadoch@etsmtl.ca OI Kadoch, Michel/0000-0002-7558-1589 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [0424546] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award 0424546. The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. J. Li NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 EI 1939-9359 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 8 BP 4565 EP 4575 DI 10.1109/TVT.2009.2021062 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 503OU UT WOS:000270547800063 ER PT J AU Qiu, SJ Chu, HL Zhang, J Zhang, Y Sun, LX Xu, F Sun, DL Ouyang, LZ Zhu, M Grolier, JPE Frenkel, M AF Qiu, Shu-Jun Chu, Hai-Liang Zhang, Jian Zhang, Yao Sun, Li-Xian Xu, Fen Sun, Da-Lin Ouyang, Liu-Zhang Zhu, Min Grolier, J. -P. E. Frenkel, Michael TI Effect of La Partial Substitution for Zr on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Ti0.17Zr0.08-xLaxV0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3 (x = 0 - 0.04) Electrode Alloys (vol 34, pg 17, 2009) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Qiu, Shu-Jun; Chu, Hai-Liang; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Yao; Sun, Li-Xian] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Mat & Thermochem Lab, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Xu, Fen] Liaoning Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Dalian 116029, Peoples R China. [Sun, Da-Lin] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Liu-Zhang; Zhu, Min] S China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Grolier, J. -P. E.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Thermodynam Solut & Polymers, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div 838, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, LX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Mat & Thermochem Lab, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM lxsun@dicp.ac.cn; fenxu@dicp.ac.cn RI Qiu, Shujun/I-4630-2012; Ouyang, Liuzhang/K-8371-2012; Chu, Hailiang/G-5393-2010 OI Ouyang, Liuzhang/0000-0002-2754-4011; Chu, Hailiang/0000-0003-3157-0957 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2009 VL 34 IS 20 BP 8783 EP 8783 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.066 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 511PA UT WOS:000271177200036 ER PT J AU Sengers, JV Perkins, RA Huber, ML Le Neindre, B AF Sengers, J. V. Perkins, R. A. Huber, M. L. Le Neindre, B. TI Thermal Diffusivity of H2O Near the Critical Point SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Critical phenomena; H2O; Light scattering; Steam; Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity; Viscosity; Water ID VAPOR CRITICAL-POINT; CRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DECAY-RATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; WATER SUBSTANCE; FLUIDS; CONDUCTIVITY AB The asymptotic critical behavior of the thermal diffusivity of H2O, deduced from dynamic light-scattering measurements, is shown to be in good agreement with the mode-coupling theory for critical dynamics in fluids. Consistency of the thermal-diffusivity measurements with the critical enhancement of the viscosity of H2O is also demonstrated. C1 [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sengers, J. V.; Perkins, R. A.; Huber, M. L.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Le Neindre, B.] Univ Paris 13, CNRS, UPR 1311, LIMHP, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. RP Sengers, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sengers@umd.edu; perkins@boulder.nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1453 EP 1465 DI 10.1007/s10765-009-0643-x PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 514TC UT WOS:000271417500001 ER PT J AU Liao, WL Turko, IV AF Liao, Wei-Li Turko, Illarion V. TI Accumulation of Large Protein Fragments in Prematurely Senescent ARPE-19 Cells SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DYSFUNCTION; PROTEASOME; AUTOPHAGY; ENZYMES AB PURPOSE. Senescence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was designed to improve the understanding of proteomic changes that underlie RPE senescence. Specifically, the levels of several protein fragments in prematurely senescent ARPE-19 cells were quantitatively compared with those in control cells. METHODS. Premature senescence of human ARPE-19 cells was induced by repeated treatments with 6 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (tert-BHP). Whole senescent cells were then treated with deuterated D-3-acrylamide, and control cells were treated with normal D-0-acrylamide. The D-3 and D-0 samples were mixed at a 1:1 ratio, and the proteins were separated by FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography) and 2D-PAGE (two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). After in-gel trypsinolysis, the relative quantification of selected proteins and fragments in the senescent cells versus control ARPE-19 cells was achieved by calculating the ratio of signal intensities for the deuterated and normal forms of cysteine-containing labeled peptides in MALDI-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry) spectra. RESULTS. Several large fragments of typical cytosolic proteins, such as GAPDH, triosephosphate isomerase, and M2-type pyruvate kinase increased approximately two-to threefold in the prematurely senescent ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS. This study is the first demonstration that large fragments of cytosolic proteins can be accumulated in prematurely senescent ARPE-19 cells, the in vitro model of AMD. These data suggest that protein degradation processes are impaired in these cells and point to a new type of "waste" material in post-mitotic cells that may contribute to the senescent phenotype. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 4992-4997) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3671 C1 [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM turko@umbi.umd.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 EI 1552-5783 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 50 IS 10 BP 4992 EP 4997 DI 10.1167/iovs.09-3671 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 497XE UT WOS:000270097200061 PM 19458325 ER PT J AU Krayzman, V Levin, I Woicik, JC Proffen, T Vanderah, TA Tucker, MG AF Krayzman, V. Levin, I. Woicik, J. C. Proffen, Th. Vanderah, T. A. Tucker, M. G. TI A combined fit of total scattering and extended X-ray absorption fine structure data for local-structure determination in crystalline materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EXAFS; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION AB Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) refinements of local structure using a simultaneous fit of X-ray/neutron total scattering and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data were developed to incorporate an explicit treatment of both single-and multiple-scattering contributions to EXAFS. The refinement algorithm, implemented as an extension to the public domain computer software RMC Profile, enables accurate modeling of EXAFS over distances encompassing several coordination shells around the absorbing species. The approach was first tested on Ni, which exhibits extensive multiple scattering in EXAFS, and then applied to perovskite-like SrAl(1/2)Nb(1/2)O(3). This compound crystallizes with a cubic double-perovskite structure but presents a challenge for local-structure determination using a total pair-distribution function (PDF) alone because of overlapping peaks of the constituent partial PDFs ( e. g. Al-O and Nb-O or Sr-O and O-O). The results obtained here suggest that the combined use of the total scattering and EXAFS data provides sufficient constraints for RMC refinements to recover fine details of local structure in complex perovskites. Among other results, it was found that the probability density distribution for Sr in SrAl(1/2)Nb(1/2)O(3) adopts Td point-group symmetry for the Sr sites, determined by the ordered arrangement of Al and Nb, as opposed to a spherical distribution commonly assumed in traditional Rietveld refinements. C1 [Krayzman, V.; Levin, I.; Woicik, J. C.; Vanderah, T. A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krayzman, V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Proffen, Th.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Tucker, M. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, funded by the Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 42 BP 867 EP 877 DI 10.1107/S0021889809023541 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 495HV UT WOS:000269882600013 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD Zabel, RW Sandford, BP AF Scheuerell, Mark D. Zabel, Richard W. Sandford, Benjamin P. TI Relating juvenile migration timing and survival to adulthood in two species of threatened Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook; dams; migration; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; steelhead; survival; temperature; timing ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COLUMBIA RIVER; SNAKE RIVER; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; GROWTH; TSHAWYTSCHA; COMPETITION; MISMATCH AB 1. Migration timing in animals has important effects on life-history transitions. Human activities can alter migration timing of animals, and understanding the effects of such disruptions remains an important goal for applied ecology. Anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) inhabit fresh water as juveniles before migrating to the ocean where they gain >90% of their biomass before returning to fresh water as adults to reproduce. Although construction of dams has delayed juvenile migration for many populations, we currently lack a synthesis of patterns in migration timing and how they relate to subsequent survival to adulthood for Pacific salmon, especially for at-risk populations. 2. We studied two groups of Pacific salmon from the Columbia River basin in the northwestern United States currently listed under the U. S. Endangered Species Act. We examined how the proportion of juveniles surviving to return as adults varied with year of migration, date of arrival in the estuary, water temperature and coastal ocean upwelling using data from over 40 000 individually tagged Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. 3. In general, models with year, day and day(2) had much better support from the data than those with temperature and upwelling. For Chinook salmon, we also found a residual effect of temperature after controlling for day, but the effect was small for steelhead. 4. For both species, juveniles migrating from early to mid-May survived 4-50 times greater than those migrating in mid-June. As expected, however, the estimated peak in survival varied among years, presumably reflecting interannual variation in the nearshore physical environment and trophic dynamics that affect salmon during the critical juvenile life stage. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate a possible management objective would be to speed arrival to the estuary by increasing springtime river flows. These findings also provide some insight into the mechanisms underlying seasonal differences in survival patterns, but additional studies are needed to better resolve the issue. Future changes to river flow and water temperature associated with climate change and human activities may further alter migration timing, and thus this phenomenon deserves further attention. C1 [Scheuerell, Mark D.; Zabel, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sandford, Benjamin P.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pasco Res Stn, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 40 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 983 EP 990 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01693.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502AB UT WOS:000270425100009 ER PT J AU Mora, EA Lindley, ST Erickson, DL Klimley, AP AF Mora, E. A. Lindley, S. T. Erickson, D. L. Klimley, A. P. TI Do impassable dams and flow regulation constrain the distribution of green sturgeon in the Sacramento River, California? SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; HABITAT; MIGRATION; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; EMPHASIS; MODEL; GIS AB P>Conservation of the threatened green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Sacramento River of California is impeded by lack of information on its historical distribution and an understanding of how impassable dams and altered hydrographs are influencing its distribution. The habitat preferences of green sturgeon are characterized in terms of river discharge, velocity, channel gradient, and air temperature associated with 2590 sightings of green sturgeon in the Klamath and Rogue rivers using the Mahalanobis distance D(2), a multivariate measure of distance from the mean habitat conditions associated with the sightings. D(2) was then calculated for reaches of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries under historic and current (2007) hydrographs to assess where and when habitat conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin basin are similar to those known to support green sturgeon. The model for current habitat conditions was validated with observations of acoustically-tagged green sturgeon at large in the basin in 2007. The model predicts that in the absence of impassable dams and altered hydrographs, green sturgeon would utilize the mainstem Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, and several major tributaries including portions of the lower Feather River, American River, and Yuba River. While dams block access to about 9% of historically available habitat, it is likely that the blocked areas contained relatively high amounts of spawning habitat because of their upstream position in the river network. Flow regulation below the reservoirs has mixed effects on habitat suitability for green sturgeon, with many reaches showing increased suitability in winter and spring, but with some reaches showing decreased suitability in many months, particularly late spring through early autumn. Overall, it appears that the main effect of construction of large water-storage reservoirs in the Sacramento-San Joaquin river basin has been to curtail the distribution of green sturgeon within this basin. C1 [Lindley, S. T.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mora, E. A.] UC Santa Cruz, Joint Inst Marine Observ, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Erickson, D. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Klimley, A. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lindley, ST (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.lindley@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern Program; Southwest Regional Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service; CALFED FX Funding for this project was supplied by a grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern Program (STL), and the Southwest Regional Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service (STL), and the CALFED Science Program (APK and STL). We thank M. Thomas, E. Chapman and P. Sandstrom for assistance with maintaining the hydrophone array in the Sacramento River. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program generously provided sightings data for the Rogue and Klamath rivers. The authors appreciate the comments of P. Adams on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01297.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 490JD UT WOS:000269496100008 ER PT J AU Sulak, KJ Randall, MT Edwards, RE Summers, TM Luke, KE Smith, WT Norem, AD Harden, WM Lukens, RH Parauka, F Bolden, S Lehnert, R AF Sulak, K. J. Randall, M. T. Edwards, R. E. Summers, T. M. Luke, K. E. Smith, W. T. Norem, A. D. Harden, W. M. Lukens, R. H. Parauka, F. Bolden, S. Lehnert, R. TI Defining winter trophic habitat of juvenile Gulf Sturgeon in the Suwannee and Apalachicola rivermouth estuaries, acoustic telemetry investigations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-DESOTOI; LIFE-HISTORY; BRACKISH-WATER; FLORIDA; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; GROWTH; USA; MISSISSIPPI AB P>Three automated listening post-telemetry studies were undertaken in the Suwannee and Apalachicola estuaries to gain knowledge of habitats use by juvenile Gulf Sturgeons (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) on winter feeding grounds. A simple and reliable method for external attachment of small acoustic tags to the dorsal fin base was developed using shrink-tubing. Suspending receivers on masts below anchored buoys improved reception and facilitated downloading; a detection range of 500-2500 m was realized. In the Apalachicola estuary, juvenile GS stayed in shallow water (< 2 m) within the estuarine transition zone all winter in the vicinity of the Apalachicola River mouth. Juvenile GS high-use areas did not coincide with high density benthic macrofauna areas from the most recent (1999) benthos survey. In the Suwannee estuary, juveniles ranged widely and individually throughout oligohaline to mesohaline subareas of the estuary, preferentially using mesohaline subareas seaward of Suwannee Reef (52% of acoustic detections). The river mouth subarea was important only in early and late winter, during the times of adult Gulf Sturgeon migrations (41% of detections). Preferred winter feeding subareas coincided spatially with known areas of dense macrofaunal benthos concentrations. Following a dramatic drop in air and water temperatures, juvenile GS left the river mouth and estuary, subsequently being detected 8 km offshore in polyhaline open Gulf of Mexico waters, before returning to the estuary. Cold-event offshore excursions demonstrate that they can tolerate full-salinity polyhaline waters in the open Gulf of Mexico, for at least several days at a time. For juvenile sturgeons, the stress and metabolic cost of enduring high salinity (Jarvis et al., 2001; McKenzie et al., 2001; Singer and Ballantyne, 2002) for short periods in deep offshore waters seems adaptively advantageous relative to the risk of cold-event mortality in shallow inshore waters of lower salinity. Thus, while juveniles can tolerate high salinities for days to weeks to escape cold events, they appear to make only infrequent use of open polyhaline waters. Throughout the winter foraging period, juvenile GS stayed primarily within the core area of Suwannee River mouth influence, extending about 12 km north and south of the river mouth, and somewhat seaward of Suwannee Reef (< 5 km offshore). None were detected departing the core area past either of the northern or southern acoustic gates, located 66 and 52 km distant from the river mouth, respectively. C1 [Sulak, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Randall, M. T.; Norem, A. D.; Lukens, R. H.] USGS, Jacobs Technol Inc, Gainesville, FL USA. [Parauka, F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Bolden, S.] NOAA Off Protected Resources, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Lehnert, R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, E Point, FL USA. RP Sulak, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM kensulak@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01333.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 496MF UT WOS:000269977600001 ER PT J AU Tabary, P Vulpiani, G Gourley, JJ Illingworth, AJ Thompson, RJ Bousquet, O AF Tabary, Pierre Vulpiani, Gianfranco Gourley, Jonathan J. Illingworth, Anthony J. Thompson, Robert J. Bousquet, Olivier TI Unusually High Differential Attenuation at C Band: Results from a Two-Year Analysis of the French Trappes Polarimetric Radar Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAIL DETECTION; REFLECTIVITY; CONSTRAINTS; WAVELENGTH; ALGORITHM; QUALITY; PHASE AB The differential phase (Phi(DP)) measured by polarimetric radars is recognized to be a very good indicator of the path integrated by rain. Moreover, if a linear relationship is assumed between the specific differential phase (K(DP)) and the specific attenuation (A(H)) and specific differential attenuation (A(DP)), then attenuation can easily be corrected. The coefficients of proportionality, gamma(H) and gamma(DP), are, however, known to be dependent in rain upon drop temperature, drop shapes, drop size distribution, and the presence of large drops causing Mie scattering. In this paper, the authors extensively apply a physically based method, often referred to as the "Smyth and Illingworth constraint," which uses the constraint that the value of the differential reflectivity Z(DR) on the far side of the storm should be low to retrieve the gamma(DP) coefficient. More than 30 convective episodes observed by the French operational C-band polarimetric Trappes radar during two summers (2005 and 2006) are used to document the variability of gamma(DP) with respect to the intrinsic three-dimensional characteristics of the attenuating cells. The Smyth and Illingworth constraint could be applied to only 20% of all attenuated rays of the 2-yr dataset so it cannot be considered the unique solution for attenuation correction in an operational setting but is useful for characterizing the properties of the strongly attenuating cells. The range of variation of gamma(DP) is shown to be extremely large, with minimal, maximal, and mean values being, respectively, equal to 0.01, 0.11, and 0.025 dB degrees(-1). Coefficient gamma(DP) appears to be almost linearly correlated with the horizontal reflectivity (Z(H)), differential reflectivity (Z(DR)), and specific differential phase (K(DP)) and correlation coefficient (rho(HV)) of the attenuating cells. The temperature effect is negligible with respect to that of the microphysical properties of the attenuating cells. Unusually large values of gamma(DP), above 0.06 dB degrees(-1), often referred to as "hot spots," are reported for 15%-a nonnegligible figure-of the rays presenting a significant total differential phase shift (Delta phi(DP) > 30 degrees). The corresponding strongly attenuating cells are shown to have extremely high Z(DR) (above 4 dB) and Z(H) (above 55 dBZ), very low rho(HV) (below 0.94), and high K(DP) (above 4 degrees km(-1)). Analysis of 4 yr of observed raindrop spectra does not reproduce such low values of rho(HV), suggesting that (wet) ice is likely to be present in the precipitation medium and responsible for the attenuation and high phase shifts. Furthermore, if melting ice is responsible for the high phase shifts, this suggests that K(DP) may not be uniquely related to rainfall rate but can result from the presence of wet ice. This hypothesis is supported by the analysis of the vertical profiles of horizontal reflectivity and the values of conventional probability of hail indexes. C1 [Tabary, Pierre] Meteo France, Direct Syst Observat, Ctr Meteorol Radar, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Illingworth, Anthony J.; Thompson, Robert J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Bousquet, Olivier] Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse, France. RP Tabary, P (reprint author), Meteo France, Direct Syst Observat, Ctr Meteorol Radar, 42 Ave Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse, France. EM pierre.tabary@meteo.fr RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Vulpiani, Gianfranco/0000-0002-8008-8799 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 48 IS 10 BP 2037 EP 2053 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2039.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 513SE UT WOS:000271342700003 ER PT J AU Buckley, CD Hood, RE LaFontaine, FJ AF Buckley, Courtney D. Hood, Robbie E. LaFontaine, Frank J. TI Application of Airborne Passive Microwave Observations for Monitoring Inland Flooding Caused by Tropical Cyclones SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; GHZ AB Inland flooding from tropical cyclones is a significant factor in storm-related deaths in the United States and other countries, with the majority of tropical cyclone fatalities recorded in the United States resulting from freshwater flooding. Information collected during National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tropical cyclone field experiments suggests that surface water and flooding can be detected and therefore monitored at a greater spatial resolution by using passive microwave airborne radiometers than by using satellite sensors. The 10.7-GHz frequency of the NASA Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) has demonstrated high-resolution detection of anomalous surface water and flooding in numerous situations. In this study, an analysis of three cases is conducted utilizing satellite and airborne radiometer data. Data from the 1998 Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) are utilized to detect surface water during the landfalling Hurricane Georges in both the Dominican Republic and Louisiana. Another case studied was the landfalling Tropical Storm Gert in eastern Mexico during the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment in 2005. AMPR data are compared to topographic data and vegetation indices to evaluate the significance of the surface water signature visible in the 10.7-GHz information. The results illustrate the AMPR's utility in monitoring surface water that current satellite-based passive microwave radiometers are unable to monitor because of their coarser resolutions, This suggests the benefit of a radiometer with observing frequencies less than 11 GHz deployed on a manned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system to provide early detection in real time of expanding surface water or flooding conditions. C1 [Buckley, Courtney D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Hood, Robbie E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [LaFontaine, Frank J.] Raytheon Informat Solut, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Buckley, CD (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM courtney.d.buckley@nasa.gov FU NASA Weather Focus Lead FX This work was sponsored by Dr. Ramesh Kakar, the NASA Weather Focus Lead. The authors thank the AMPR team of scientists and engineers, as well as the CAMEX and TCSP mission science teams. We greatly appreciate Dr. William Crosson for his thoughtful critiques and Dr. Kevin Knupp, Dr. Daniel Cecil, Dr. John Mecikalski, and Anthony Guillory for early advisement in this research. We also thank the reviewers for taking time to read and provide useful suggestions for this paper. The TMPA images and data used in this study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). LAI data and IGBP classification biomes were acquired using the Land Process Distribution Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) at GSFC. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2051 EP 2070 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1273.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 506ZE UT WOS:000270817600005 ER PT J AU Bringi, VN Williams, CR Thurai, M May, PT AF Bringi, V. N. Williams, C. R. Thurai, M. May, P. T. TI Using Dual-Polarized Radar and Dual-Frequency Profiler for DSD Characterization: A Case Study from Darwin, Australia SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; WIND PROFILERS; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVALS; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; VIDEO DISDROMETER; SPECTRA; PRECIPITATION AB Comparisons are made between the reflectivity Z, median volume diameter D-0, and rain rate R from a dual-frequency profiler and the C-band polarimetric radar (C-POL), which are both located near Darwin, Australia. Examples from the premonsoon "buildup" regime and the monsoon (oceanic) regime are used to illustrate the excellent agreement between the dual-profiler retrievals and the polarimetric radar-based retrievals. This work builds on similar works that were limited in scope to shallow tropical showers and predominantly stratiform rain events. The dual-frequency profiler retrievals of D-0 and R herein are based on ensemble statistics, whereas the polarimetric radar retrievals are based on algorithms derived by using one season of disdrometer data from Darwin along with scattering simulations. The latest drop shape versus D relation is used as well as the canting angle distribution results obtained from the 80-m fall bridge experiment in the scattering simulations. The scatterplot of D-0 from dual-frequency profiler versus Z(dr) measurements from C-POL is shown to be consistent not only with the theoretical simulations and prior data but also within prior predicted error bars for both stratiform rain as well as convective rain. Based on dual-frequency profiler-retrieved gamma drop size distribution parameters, a new smoothly varying "separator" indexing scheme has been developed that classifies between stratiform and convective rain types, including a continuous "transition" region between the two. This indexing technique has been applied on a number of low-elevation-angle plan position indicator (PPI) sweeps with the C-POL from the two regime examples, to construct "unconditioned" histograms of D-0 in stratiform and convective rain (to within the sensitivity of the radar). With reference to the latter, it is demonstrated that the distribution of D-0 is different in the buildup example than in the monsoon example, because of the differences in both the microphysical and kinematic features between the two regimes. In particular, (i) the mean D-0 is significantly larger in the buildup example than in the monsoon example, irrespective of rain type; (ii) the histogram width (or standard deviation) is much larger for the buildup example than the monsoon example, irrespective of rain type and (iii) the histogram skewness is negative for the monsoon regime example because of a lack of larger D-0 values, whereas the buildup histogram is positively skewed irrespective of rain type. C1 [Bringi, V. N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept ECE, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Williams, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, C. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [May, P. T.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Bringi, VN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept ECE, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM bringi@engr.colostate.edu RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) [NNX07AD47G, NNX07AN32G]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-0603720]; U.S. DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) FX This work was supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) program via Grants NNX07AD47G and NNX07AN32G. MT was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation via Grant ATM-0603720. PTM is partially supported by the U.S. DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. The Darwin 50-MHz profiler is owned and operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM). The Darwin 920-MHz profiler is owned by NOAA and is maintained and operated by BoM. NR 53 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2107 EP 2122 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1258.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 506ZE UT WOS:000270817600008 ER PT J AU Wright, CW Walsh, EJ Krabill, WB Shaffer, WA Baig, SR Peng, M Pietrafesa, LJ Garcia, AW Marks, FD Black, PG Sonntag, J Beckley, BD AF Wright, C. W. Walsh, E. J. Krabill, W. B. Shaffer, W. A. Baig, S. R. Peng, M. Pietrafesa, L. J. Garcia, A. W. Marks, F. D., Jr. Black, P. G. Sonntag, J. Beckley, B. D. TI Measuring Storm Surge with an Airborne Wide-Swath Radar Altimeter SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM SPATIAL VARIATION; DIRECTIONAL WAVE SPECTRA; SEA-SURFACE; WIND; HURRICANES; MODEL; VERIFICATION; INUNDATION; SYSTEM AB Over the years, hurricane track forecasts and storm surge models, as well the digital terrain and bathymetry data they depend on, have improved significantly. Strides have also been made in the knowledge of the detailed variation of the surface wind field driving the surge. The area of least improvement has been in obtaining data on the temporal/spatial evolution of the mound of water that the hurricane wind and waves push against the shore to evaluate the performance of the numerical models. Tide gauges in the vicinity of the landfall are frequently destroyed by the surge. Survey crews dispatched after the event provide no temporal information and only indirect indications of the maximum water level over land. The landfall of Hurricane Bonnie on 26 August 1998, with a surge less than 2 m. provided an excellent opportunity to demonstrate the potential benefits of direct airborne measurement of the temporal/spatial evolution of the water level over a large area. Despite a 160-m variation in aircraft altitude. an 11.5-m variation in the elevation of the mean sea surface relative to the ellipsoid over the flight track, and the tidal variation over the 5-h data acquisition interval. a survey-quality global positioning system (GPS) aircraft trajectory allowed the NASA scanning radar altimeter carried by a NOAA hurricane research aircraft to demonstrate that an airborne wide-swath radar altimeter could produce targeted measurements of storm surge that would provide an absolute standard for assessing the accuracy of numerical storm surge models. C1 [Wright, C. W.; Walsh, E. J.; Krabill, W. B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Shaffer, W. A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Baig, S. R.] NOAA, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Peng, M.; Pietrafesa, L. J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Phys & Math Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Garcia, A. W.] USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engn R&D Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Marks, F. D., Jr.; Black, P. G.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sonntag, J.] EG&G Tech Serv Inc, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Beckley, B. D.] SGT Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Walsh, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edward.walsh@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 FU Joint Hurricane Testbed of the NOAA/U.S; Weather Research Program (USWRP) at the Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center; NASA SRA; NOAA Aircraft Operations Center FX These measurements and this analysis were supported by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program. The analysis was also supported by the Joint Hurricane Testbed of the NOAA/U.S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) at the Tropical Prediction Center/National Hurricane Center. Donald E. Hines maintained the NASA SRA, and the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center is thanked for their expertise in helping install the system and executing the complex flight patterns. E. J. Walsh thanks Hendilk Tolman of NCEP for useful discussion. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2200 EP 2215 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHO627.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 506ZE UT WOS:000270817600016 ER PT J AU Lastovicka, J Akmaev, RA Emmert, JT AF Lastovicka, J. Akmaev, R. A. Emmert, J. T. TI Long-term changes and trends in the upper atmosphere-An introduction SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLOBAL CHANGE; IONOSPHERE C1 [Lastovicka, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. [Akmaev, R. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Emmert, J. T.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lastovicka, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Atmospher Phys, Bocni 2, Prague 14131, Czech Republic. EM jla@ufa.cas.cz RI Lastovicka, Jan/H-6804-2014 OI Lastovicka, Jan/0000-0002-1454-3183 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 14-15 BP 1511 EP 1513 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.06.007 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504HS UT WOS:000270607400001 ER PT J AU She, CY Krueger, DA Akmaev, R Schmidt, H Talaat, E Yee, S AF She, Chiao-Yao Krueger, David A. Akmaev, Rashid Schmidt, Hauke Talaat, Elsayed Yee, Sam TI Long-term variability in mesopause region temperatures over Fort Collins, Colorado (41 degrees N, 105 degrees W) based on lidar observations from 1990 through 2007 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Long Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere CY 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA SP IAGA, ICMA, CAWSES, IAMAS, SCOSTEP DE Mesopause temperatures; Long-term trends; Solar response; Long-term variability ID 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS; MESOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE; EMISSION; SUMMER; IMPACT AB During 1990-2007, there were 894 lidar observations of nocturnal mesopause region temperatures over Fort Collins, Colorado. In an earlier analysis with data to April 1997, an unexpected episodic warming, peaking in 1993 with a maximum value over 10 K, was reported and attributed to the Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991. With all data, long-term temperature trends from a 7-parameter linear regression analysis including solar cycle effect and long-term trends leads to a cooling of as much as 6.8 K/decade at similar to 100 km, consistent with some reported observations but larger than model predictions. Including the observed episodic warming response in an 11-parameter nonlinear regression analysis reduces the maximum long-term cooling trends to similar to 1.5 K/decade at 91 km, with magnitude and altitude dependences consistent with the prediction of two models, Spectral Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere Model (SMLTM) and Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA). In addition, the mid-latitude middle-atmospheric response to solar flux variability in Thermosphere-Ionosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperatures is presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [She, Chiao-Yao; Krueger, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Akmaev, Rashid] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Schmidt, Hauke] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Talaat, Elsayed; Yee, Sam] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP She, CY (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM joeshe@lamar.colostate.edu RI Schmidt, Hauke/J-4469-2013 OI Schmidt, Hauke/0000-0001-8271-6456 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 14-15 SI SI BP 1558 EP 1564 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.05.007 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504HS UT WOS:000270607400006 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, Robert D. Steele, William V. TI Thermodynamic properties of tert-butylbenzene and 1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene (vol 41, pg 392, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Chirico, Robert D.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Phys Properties Res Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Steele, William V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; wsteele13@comcast.net NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1186 EP 1186 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2009.03.013 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 472SJ UT WOS:000268152100015 ER PT J AU Schubert, S Gutzler, D Wang, HL Dai, A Delworth, T Deser, C Findell, K Fu, R Higgins, W Hoerling, M Kirtman, B Koster, R Kumar, A Legler, D Lettenmaier, D Lyon, B Magana, V Mo, K Nigam, S Pegion, P Phillips, A Pulwarty, R Rind, D Ruiz-Barradas, A Schemm, J Seager, R Stewart, R Suarez, M Syktus, J Ting, MF Wang, CZ Weaver, S Zeng, N AF Schubert, Siegfried Gutzler, David Wang, Hailan Dai, Aiguo Delworth, Tom Deser, Clara Findell, Kirsten Fu, Rong Higgins, Wayne Hoerling, Martin Kirtman, Ben Koster, Randal Kumar, Arun Legler, David Lettenmaier, Dennis Lyon, Bradfield Magana, Victor Mo, Kingtse Nigam, Sumant Pegion, Philip Phillips, Adam Pulwarty, Roger Rind, David Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo Schemm, Jae Seager, Richard Stewart, Ronald Suarez, Max Syktus, Jozef Ting, Mingfang Wang, Chunzai Weaver, Scott Zeng, Ning TI A US CLIVAR Project to Assess and Compare the Responses of Global Climate Models to Drought-Related SST Forcing Patterns: Overview and Results SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PART I; UNITED-STATES; MOIST CONVECTION; NATIONAL CENTER; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; SUMMER AB The U. S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) working group on drought recently initiated a series of global climate model simulations forced with idealized SST anomaly patterns, designed to address a number of uncertainties regarding the impact of SST forcing and the role of land-atmosphere feedbacks on regional drought. The runs were carried out with five different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) and one coupled atmosphere-ocean model in which the model was continuously nudged to the imposed SST forcing. This paper provides an overview of the experiments and some initial results focusing on the responses to the leading patterns of annual mean SST variability consisting of a Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like pattern, a pattern that resembles the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and a global trend pattern. One of the key findings is that all of the AGCMs produce broadly similar (though different in detail) precipitation responses to the Pacific forcing pattern, with a cold Pacific leading to reduced precipitation and a warm Pacific leading to enhanced precipitation over most of the United States. While the response to the response over the United States tends to occur when the two oceans have anomalies of opposite signs. Further highlights of the response over the United States to the Pacific forcing include precipitation signal-to-noise ratios that peak in spring, and surface temperature signal-to-noise ratios that are both lower and show less agreement among the models than those found for the precipitation response. The response to the positive SST trend forcing pattern is an overall surface warming over the world's land areas, with substantial regional variations that are in part reproduced in runs forced with a globally uniform SST trend forcing. The precipitation response to the trend forcing is weak in all of the models. It is hoped that these early results, as well as those reported in the other contributions to this special issue on drought, will serve to stimulate further analysis of these simulations, as well as suggest new research on the physical mechanisms contributing to hydroclimatic variability and change throughout the world. C1 [Schubert, Siegfried; Wang, Hailan; Koster, Randal; Suarez, Max; Weaver, Scott] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gutzler, David] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wang, Hailan; Weaver, Scott] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Dai, Aiguo; Deser, Clara; Phillips, Adam] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Delworth, Tom; Findell, Kirsten] Princeton Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Higgins, Wayne; Kumar, Arun; Mo, Kingtse; Pegion, Philip; Schemm, Jae] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Legler, David] US Climate Variabil & Predictabil Res Program, Washington, DC USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lyon, Bradfield] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Magana, Victor] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Nigam, Sumant; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo; Zeng, Ning] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rind, David] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Stewart, Ronald] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Syktus, Jozef] Environm Protect Agcy, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Schubert, S (reprint author), NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, GSFC, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM siegfried.d.schubert@nasa.gov RI Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo/F-4499-2010; Dai, Aiguo/D-3487-2009; Syktus, Jozef/E-7173-2011; Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Nigam, Sumant/A-8338-2009; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Ruiz-Barradas, Alfredo/0000-0003-3633-3950; Gutzler, David/0000-0001-6476-8412; Syktus, Jozef/0000-0003-1782-3073; Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; NR 46 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 22 IS 19 BP 5251 EP 5272 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI3060.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501ZL UT WOS:000270423300018 ER PT J AU Van Cooten, S Elmore, KL Barbe, DE McCorquodale, JA Reed, DJ AF Van Cooten, Suzanne Elmore, Kimberly L. Barbe, Donald E. McCorquodale, J. Alex Reed, Denise J. TI A Statistical Methodology to Discover Precipitation Microclimates in Southeast Louisiana: Implications for Coastal Watersheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; UNITED-STATES; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; QUALITY-CONTROL; FLASH FLOODS; EVENTS AB This study quantifies the spatial distribution of precipitation patterns on an annual basis for southeast Louisiana. To compile a long-term record of 24-h rainfall, rainfall reports collected by National Weather Service (NWS) cooperative observers were gathered from National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) archives, private collections of observational data held at regional and local libraries, NWS offices, and local utility providers. The reports were placed into a digital database in which each station's record was subjected to an extensive quality control process. This process produced a database of daily rainfall reports for 59 south Louisiana stations for the period 1836-2002, with extensive documentation for each site outlining the differences between the study's data and the data available from the NCDC Web page. A statistical methodology was developed to determine if the four NCDC climate divisions for southeast Louisiana accurately depict average monthly rainfall for the area. This method employs cluster analysis, using Euclidean distance as the measure of dissimilarity for the clustering technique. To resolve missing rainfall observations, an imputation scheme was developed that uses the two most similar stations (based on Euclidean distance) to determine appropriate values for missing rainfall observations. Results from this testing structure show statistical evidence of precipitation microclimates across south Louisiana at higher spatial scales than those of the NCDC climate zones. Quantifying the spatial extent of daily precipitation and documenting historical trends of precipitation provides critical design information for regional infrastructure within this highly vulnerable area of the central Gulf Coast region. C1 [Van Cooten, Suzanne; Elmore, Kimberly L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Barbe, Donald E.; McCorquodale, J. Alex] Univ New Orleans, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Reed, Denise J.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Van Cooten, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM suzanne.van.cooten@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1184 EP 1202 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1076.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 509QR UT WOS:000271033700007 ER PT J AU Boushaki, FI Hsu, KL Sorooshian, S Park, GH Mahani, S Shi, W AF Boushaki, Farid Ishak Hsu, Kuo-Lin Sorooshian, Soroosh Park, Gi-Hyeon Mahani, Shayesteh Shi, Wei TI Bias Adjustment of Satellite Precipitation Estimation Using Ground-Based Measurement: A Case Study Evaluation over the Southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; RADAR; GAUGE; MICROWAVE; IMAGERY; INTERPOLATION; INFORMATION AB Reliable precipitation measurement is a crucial component in hydrologic studies. Although satellite-based observation is able to provide spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, the measurements tend to show systematic bias. This paper introduces a grid-based precipitation merging procedure in which satellite estimates from the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) are adjusted based on the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) daily rain gauge analysis. To remove the bias, the hourly CCS estimates were spatially and temporally accumulated to the daily 1 degrees X 1 degrees scale, the resolution of CPC rain gauge analysis. The daily CCS bias was then downscaled to the hourly temporal scale to correct hourly CCS estimates. The bias corrected CCS estimates are called the adjusted CCS (CCSA) product. With the adjustment from the gauge measurement, CCSA data have been generated to provide more reliable high temporal/spatial-resolution precipitation estimates. In the case study, the CCSA precipitation estimates from the proposed approach are compared against ground-based measurements in high-density gauge networks located in the southwestern United States. C1 [Boushaki, Farid Ishak; Hsu, Kuo-Lin; Sorooshian, Soroosh; Park, Gi-Hyeon] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mahani, Shayesteh] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Shi, Wei] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hsu, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing, 34130 Engn Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM kuolinh@uci.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; FU NASA NEWS [NNX06AF93G]; PMM [NNG04GC74G]; National Science FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Wayne Higgins and his colleagues at NOAA for providing CPC daily analysis and Dr. David Goodrich of the USDA for providing the validation rain gauge data used in this analysis. We also would like to thank Dan Braithwaite for processing the satellite-based precipitation data in this study and Diane Hohnbaum for carefully proofreading this manuscript. Partial support for this research was made available from NASA NEWS (Grant NNX06AF93G) and PMM (Grant NNG04GC74G), and National Science NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1242 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1099.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 509QR UT WOS:000271033700010 ER PT J AU Belkin, IM O'Reilly, JE AF Belkin, Igor M. O'Reilly, John E. TI An algorithm for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll and SST satellite imagery SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Geophysical-Union Meeting on Ocean Sciences CY FEB 20-24, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Geophys Union DE Oceanic front; Satellite imagery; Remote sensing; Chlorophyll; SST; Frontal oceanography; Front detection ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE FRONTS; ANTARCTIC POLAR FRONT; NORTHEAST US COAST; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; SHELF-BREAK FRONT; EDGE-DETECTION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEORGES BANK; IN-SITU AB An algorithm is described for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll (Chl) and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery. The algorithm is based on a gradient approach: the main novelty is a shape-preserving, scale-sensitive, contextual median filter applied selectively and iteratively until convergence. This filter has been developed specifically for Chl since these fields have spatial patterns such as chlorophyll enhancement at thermohaline fronts and small- and meso-scale chlorophyll blooms that are not present in SST fields. Linear Chl enhancements and localized (point-wise) blooms are modeled as ridges and peaks respectively, whereas conventional fronts in Chl and SST fields are modeled as steps or ramps. Examples are presented of the algorithm performance using modeled (synthetic) images as well as synoptic Chl and SST imagery. After testing, the algorithm was used on >6000 synoptic images, 1999-2007, to produce climatologies of Chl and SST fronts off the U.S. Northeast. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Belkin, Igor M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [O'Reilly, John E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Belkin, IM (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ibelkin@gso.uri.edu NR 47 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 78 IS 3 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.018 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 505MI UT WOS:000270697300002 ER PT J AU Gallatin, GM Kita, N Ujike, T Partlo, B AF Gallatin, Gregg M. Kita, Naonori Ujike, Tomoko Partlo, Bill TI Residual speckle in a lithographic illumination system SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE speckle; illumination; lithography; line edge roughness ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS AB Finite bandwidth and finite exposure time place a fundamental limit on dose uniformity. We evaluate the amplitude and spatial distribution of this residual speckle in a given type of lithographic illumination system. For nominal bandwidths and exposure times, the level of dose nonuniformity is on the order of several percent. We argue that this effect actually makes only a small contribution to line edge roughness. (C) 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3256007] C1 [Gallatin, Gregg M.] Appl Math Solut LLC, Newtown, CT 06470 USA. [Kita, Naonori] Nikon Inc, Opt Design Dept, Strateg Technol Dev Sect, Dev Headquarters, Kumagaya, Saitama 3608559, Japan. [Ujike, Tomoko] Nikon Inc, Core Technol Ctr, Opt Res Lab, Res & Dev Headquarters,Dev Sect 4, Kumagaya, Saitama 3608559, Japan. [Partlo, Bill] Cymer Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Gallatin, GM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ggallatin@charter.net RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 AR 043003 DI 10.1117/1.3256007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 552DE UT WOS:000274266800014 ER PT J AU Ianson, D Feely, RA Sabine, CL Juranek, LW AF Ianson, Debby Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Juranek, Lauren W. TI Features of Coastal Upwelling Regions that Determine Net Air-Sea CO2 Flux SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Decadal Changes in Carbon Biogeochemistry in the North Pacific held at the 16th PICES Annual Meeting CY OCT, 2007 CL Victoria, CANADA SP PICES DE Carbon fluxes; coastal upwelling; coastal downwelling; biogeochemical models; climate change; continental shelf; wind forcing ID JUAN-DE-FUCA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; INORGANIC CARBON; SINKING RATE; WEST-COAST; SYSTEM; DYNAMICS; GEORGIA; OCEAN AB The influence of the coastal ocean on global net annual air-sea CO2 fluxes remains uncertain. However, it is well known that air-sea pCO(2) disequilibria can be large (ocean pCO(2) ranging from similar to 400 mu atm above atmospheric saturation to similar to 250 mu atm below) in eastern boundary currents, and it has been hypothesized that these regions may be an appreciable net carbon sink. In addition it has been shown that the high productivity in these regions (responsible for the exceptionally low surface pCO(2)) can cause nutrients and inorganic carbon to become more concentrated in the lower layer of the water column over the shelf relative to adjacent open ocean waters of the same density. This paper explores the potential role of the winter season in determining the net annual CO2 flux in temperate zone eastern boundary currents, using the results from a box model. The model is parameterized and forced to represent the northernmost part of the upwelling region on the North American Pacific coast. Model results are compared to the few summer data that exist in that region. The model is also used to determine the effect that upwelling and downwelling strength have on the net annual CO2 flux. Results show that downwelling may play an important role in limiting the amount of CO2 outgassing that occurs during winter. Finally data from three distinct regions on the Pacific coast are compared to highlight the importance of upwelling and downwelling strength in determining carbon fluxes in eastern boundary currents and to suggest that other features, such as shelf width, are likely to be important. C1 [Ianson, Debby] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Ianson, Debby] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Juranek, Lauren W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ianson, D (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM debby.ianson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Ianson, Debby/0000-0001-8317-5196 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 65 IS 5 BP 677 EP 687 DI 10.1007/s10872-009-0059-z PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 490EL UT WOS:000269480900010 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Ozharar, S Gee, S Delfyett, PJ AF Quinlan, F. Ozharar, S. Gee, S. Delfyett, P. J. TI Harmonically mode-locked semiconductor-based lasers as high repetition rate ultralow noise pulse train and optical frequency comb sources SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review DE semiconductor lasers; mode-locked lasers; harmonic mode-locking; supermode noise; frequency comb; coupled optoelectronic oscillators; timing jitter ID COUPLED OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR; FIBER-RING LASER; LIMITED TIMING JITTER; TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS; WAVE-GUIDE AMPLIFIER; SELF-STABILIZATION; MICROWAVE SIGNALS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; SUPERMODE NOISE; QUANTUM-NOISE AB Recent experimental work on semiconductor-based harmonically mode-locked lasers geared toward low noise applications is reviewed. Active, harmonic mode-locking of semiconductor-based lasers has proven to be an excellent way to generate 10 GHz repetition rate pulse trains with pulse-to-pulse timing jitter of only a few femtoseconds without requiring active feedback stabilization. This level of timing jitter is achieved in long fiberized ring cavities and relies upon such factors as low noise rf sources as mode-lockers, high optical power, intracavity dispersion management and intracavity phase modulation. When a high finesse etalon is placed within the optical cavity, semiconductor-based harmonically mode-locked lasers can be used as optical frequency comb sources with 10 GHz mode spacing. When active mode-locking is replaced with regenerative mode-locking, a completely self-contained comb source is created, referenced to the intracavity etalon. C1 [Quinlan, F.; Ozharar, S.; Gee, S.; Delfyett, P. J.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; delfyett@creol.ucf.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) FX We would like to thank the entire Ultrafast Photonics Group, members past and present, for their contribution to this work. This work was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) as part of the Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation Program. NR 80 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 40 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 10 AR 103001 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/11/10/103001 PG 23 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494OD UT WOS:000269822200001 ER PT J AU Adams, NG Trainer, VL Rocap, G Herwig, RP Hauser, L AF Adams, Nicolaus G. Trainer, Vera L. Rocap, Gabrielle Herwig, Russell P. Hauser, Lorenz TI GENETIC POPULATION STRUCTURE OF PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA PUNGENS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND THE NORTH SEA SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diatom; genetic differentiation; microsatellites; population genetics; population structure; Pseudo-nitzschia pungens ID DIATOM DITYLUM-BRIGHTWELLII; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; FUCA EDDY REGION; DOMOIC-ACID; WASHINGTON COAST; MICROSATELLITE DATA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERSITY; USA AB Several species of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Consumption of fish and shellfish that have accumulated this potent excitotoxin has resulted in severe illness and even death in humans, marine mammals, and seabirds. Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle is a cosmopolitan diatom commonly occurring in the waters of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and the eastern North Atlantic, including the North Sea. However, genetic and physiological relationships among populations throughout this large geographic distribution have not been assessed. Population genetic parameters (e. g., Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage equilibrium, F(ST)) calculated for P. pungens collected from the Juan de Fuca eddy region in the PNW indicated the presence of two distinct groups that were more divergent from each other than either was from a P. pungens sample from the North Sea. Geographic heterogeneity was also detected within each of the two PNW groups. These results suggested that the populations of P. pungens recently mixed in the Juan de Fuca eddy region (a seasonally retentive feature off the coasts of Washington State, USA, and Vancouver Island, Canada) but did not exchange genetic material by sexual reproduction. Alternatively, these two groups may be cryptic (morphologically identical, but reproductively isolated) species. Identifying cryptic diversity in Pseudo-nitzschia is important for bloom prediction and aiding the identification of molecular markers that can be used for rapid detection assay development. C1 [Adams, Nicolaus G.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, ECD,Marine Biotoxin Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rocap, Gabrielle] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Herwig, Russell P.; Hauser, Lorenz] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Adams, NG (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, ECD,Marine Biotoxin Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Nicolaus.Adams@noaa.gov RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010 FU NSF [OCE-0234587]; NOAA/NCCOS [NA170P2789] FX Research support was provided by the NSF and NOAA/NCCOS funded Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms-Pacific Northwest project through NOAA grant # NA170P2789 and NSF grant # OCE-0234587. We acknowledge Katharine Evans of the University of Bristol (currently at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh) for providing P. pungens DNA and isolates collected from the North Sea as well as helping to sort out issues with PCR amplification and allele scoring in the initial phases of this project. Griet Casteleyn of Ghent University is also acknowledged for providing P. pungens isolates from the North Sea. We would like to thank K. Baugh, S. Day, B.-T. Eberhart, A. Elz, K. Lefebvre, M. Paquin, R. Paranjpye, P. Schwenke, J. Rhydderch, R. Waples, and J. Wekell of the NWFSC as well as K. Hubbard of the University of Washington for providing assistance with this work. B. Bill is acknowledged for performing the SEM analyses. A. Robertson and A. MacFadyen provided helpful comments and advice in the preparation of this manuscript. This is ECOHAB publication no. 260 and ECOHAB-PNW publication no. 17. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1037 EP 1045 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00746.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 508BM UT WOS:000270901800006 PM 27032348 ER PT J AU Nico, JS AF Nico, J. S. TI Neutron beta decay SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-ANTINEUTRINO CORRELATION; INELASTICALLY SCATTERED NEUTRONS; STORING ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; COUNTING TRAPPED PROTONS; TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANCE; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; DIRECT CP VIOLATION; LOW-ENERGY; ANGULAR-CORRELATION; WEAK-INTERACTIONS AB Studies of low-energy processes, such as neutron beta-decay, contribute important information regarding different aspects of physics including nuclear and particle physics and cosmology. The information from these systems is often complementary to that obtained from high-energy sources. Neutron decay is the most basic charged-current weak interaction in baryons. Precise measurement of the parameters characterizing it can be used to study the standard model as well set limits on possible extensions to it. This paper gives an overview of some of the basic features of neutron beta decay and summarizes the status of some recent developments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nico, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jnico@nist.gov FU NIST Physics Laboratory; Center for Neutron Research FX The author would like to S Bae beta ler, K Bodek, K J Coakley, R L Cooper, M S Dewey, C Fu, S Gardner, T Gentile, J McGovern, A Serebrov, T Soldner, F EWietfeldt and A Young for their contributions to this paper including informative discussions, providing figures or a careful reading of the paper. The author acknowledges the support of the NIST Physics Laboratory and Center for Neutron Research. NR 150 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 36 IS 10 AR 104001 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/36/10/104001 PG 36 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499RF UT WOS:000270241600002 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, Richard M. TI Errors, PGAA, and metrology SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Accuracy; Prompt-gamma activation analysis; Errors; Metrology ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; BOTANICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; WIDE ENERGY-RANGE; HALF-LIVES; MODULATION TECHNIQUE; HYPERMET-PC; DEAD-TIME; CAPTURE; SCATTERING AB Analytical chemists are scientific scavengers, using any available physical phenomenon to determine the composition of materials. Accuracy, unlike mere reproducibility, depends on understanding the measurement process, most usefully by stressing it until it bends. The use of neutron capture gamma rays for analysis involves some issues not encountered in conventional neutron activation analysis which, when understood, extend the utility and reinforce the value of nuclear methods of elemental analysis. These methods are being increasingly recognized as tools for SI-traceable metrology. C1 NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0174-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509OM UT WOS:000271027400003 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R Tomlin, BE Murphy, KE Kucera, J AF Zeisler, Rolf Tomlin, Bryan E. Murphy, Karen E. Kucera, Jan TI Neutron activation analysis with pre- and post-irradiation chemical separation for the value assignments of Al, V, and Ni in the new bovine liver SRM 1577C SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Blank contributions; Bovine liver; Low-level trace elements; Standard addition; Standard Reference Material; Value assignment AB Instrumental neutron activation analysis as carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is inadequate for determining Al, Ni, and V at the levels found in the newly prepared Standard Reference Material(A (R)) (SRM) 1577c Bovine Liver. To overcome shortcomings in the value assignment, the authors initiated a cooperative approach using NAA with previously established chemical separation procedures and with significantly different neutron energy spectra to determine Al and V with pre-irradiation separation of the elements at NIST, and V and Ni with post-irradiation separation at the Nuclear Physics Institute A similar to eA3/4. The determinations were confirmed with the analyses of several SRMs. The work supported the certification of mass fraction values for V and Ni in SRM 1577c. C1 [Zeisler, Rolf; Tomlin, Bryan E.; Murphy, Karen E.] NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kucera, Jan] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, Res Ctr Rez Ltd, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS-8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov RI Kucera, Jan/G-8507-2014 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0141-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509OM UT WOS:000271027400016 ER PT J AU Whitney, SM Biegalski, SRF Downing, G AF Whitney, S. M. Biegalski, S. R. F. Downing, G. TI Benchmarking and analysis of Li-6 neutron depth profiling of lithium ion cell electrodes SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Li; Battery; Neutron depth profiling; NETL; LiCoO2; LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2; LiFePO4 AB The University of Texas at Austin Neutron Depth Profiling (UT-NDP) facility was utilized to analyze varying cathode compositions in lithium battery materials. Battery materials included LiCoO2, LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2, and LiFePO4. The cells were made at The University of Texas at Austin as coin cells with lithium anodes. The NDP analysis method for Li in battery materials was benchmarked between two facilities and with computational models. C1 [Whitney, S. M.; Biegalski, S. R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Downing, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Biegalski, SRF (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM biegalski@mail.utexas.edu RI Biegalski, Steven/A-7765-2010 FU DOE FX This work was supported by the DOE Innovations in Nuclear Infrastructure and Education (INIE) program. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0229-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509OM UT WOS:000271027400034 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS Bacrania, MK Hoteling, NJ Karpius, PJ Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT Beall, JA Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Hoover, A. S. Bacrania, M. K. Hoteling, N. J. Karpius, P. J. Rabin, M. W. Rudy, C. R. Vo, D. T. Beall, J. A. Bennett, D. A. Doriese, W. B. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Microcalorimeter arrays for ultra-high energy resolution X- and gamma-ray detection SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microcalorimeter; Gamma-ray; X-ray; Ultra-high energy resolution ID SENSORS AB Microcalorimeter detectors provide superior energy resolution for the detection of X-rays and gamma-rays. The technology utilizes a cryogenic transition-edge sensor (TES) coupled to a tin bulk absorber. We are working on fabrication methods for the production of arrays with many sensors. In this paper, we present data collected with an array of microcalorimeters using as many as 26 sensor elements simultaneously. Advances in sensor design have extended the useful dynamic range to photon energies up to similar to 200 keV, while providing resolution performance in the 80-90 eV FWHM range, significantly better than planar high-purity germanium. These sensor arrays have applications in the measurement of nuclear materials. We present data collected from (153)Gd, a highly-enriched uranium sample, and a plutonium isotopic standard source. We also demonstrate clean separation of the (235)U 185.715 keV peak from the ubiquitous (226)Ra 186.211 keV background peak interference. C1 [Hoover, A. S.; Bacrania, M. K.; Hoteling, N. J.; Karpius, P. J.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahoover@lanl.gov; minesh@lanl.gov; hoteling@lanl.gov; karpius@lanl.gov; rabin@lanl.gov; crudy@lanl.gov; ducvo@lanl.gov; james.beall@nist.gov; douglas.bennett@nist.gov; william.doriese@nist.gov; gene.hilton@nist.gov; robert.horansky@nist.gov; kent.irwin@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov; leila.vale@nist.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0223-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509OM UT WOS:000271027400044 ER PT J AU Read, DT Geiss, RH Barbosa, N AF Read, D. T. Geiss, R. H. Barbosa, N., III TI Constraint effect in deformation of copper interconnect lines subjected to cyclic Joule heating SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE alternating current; damascene; fatigue; lifetime; reliability; strain; voids ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Temperature distributions and von Mises strains produced by cyclic Joule heating of damascene copper interconnect structures of varying geometries were calculated by finite element analysis. Constraining the top surface of the lines with rigid dielectric increased the temperature range required to produce a given strain range, relative to unconstrained lines. Much narrower lines required much higher temperatures to reach this same range of strain. Electrical tests to failure of actual structures were conducted. Scanning electron microscope images of unconstrained damascene copper lines after testing showed significant topographic features that have been associated in previous reports with mechanical fatigue. None of the constrained lines - including those cycled at ranges of total strain similar to those of the unconstrained lines - exhibited these features, but they did have large voids. Present and previously reported observations suggest that both cyclic plastic deformation and void formation can contribute to damage and failure of small-scale structures subjected to cyclic joule heating, and that mechanical constraint has a strong effect on the operation of these mechanisms. C1 [Read, D. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder Labs, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM read@boulder.nist.gov RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012 FU Office of Microelectronics Programs of NIST FX The Office of Microelectronics Programs of NIST provided substantial financial support for this work. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 543 EP 553 DI 10.1243/03093247JSA532 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 513FA UT WOS:000271306700004 ER PT J AU Dong, YL Prasad, K AF Dong, Yuli Prasad, Kuldeep TI Experimental Study on the Behavior of Full-Scale Composite Steel Frames under Furnace Loading SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FIRE; TEMPERATURE; COLUMNS AB In current design codes, structural fire behavior is evaluated by conducting experiments on isolated structural elements in a standard fire condition. In such tests involving single isolated elements, many aspects of structural behavior that occur due to the interaction between adjacent members as well as the role of connections cannot be studied. Performance of real structures subject to fires is often much better than that predicted from standard tests due to structural continuity and the interaction between members. In addition, tests performed under the current design codes subject the structural element to a heat up phase only and do not consider the cool-down phase during which local/global failure of the structure may occur. This paper describes the results of a furnace test conducted on two full-scale composite steel frames. In one frame the beam-to-column connections were protected while in the second frame the columns as well as the beam-to-column connections were protected. A special test furnace was built in which full-scale frames could be tested under load. The structural frame was subjected to a heat up phase followed by a cool-down phase. During the test, the furnace temperature, steel and concrete temperatures as well as the horizontal and vertical deflections were recorded. The complete deformation process of the test frame observed during the heating phase and the cooling phase, including failure of the frame is described in this paper. A comparison of the data obtained from the two tests indicates that the fire resistance of a composite beam is significantly better than that of a steel column. Finally, experimental data on fire resistance of composite frames with conventional floor slab construction was compared with data from slim floor slab construction. Results indicate that the fire resistance rating of frames constructed with slim floor slabs is at least as good as that of frames with conventional floor slab construction. It is proposed that in certain engineering design scenarios, the composite beam may not have to be protected due to its higher fire resistance rating, while the steel column should be protected from fire heating. C1 [Dong, Yuli] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. [Prasad, Kuldeep] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dong, YL (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China. EM dongyl@hit.edu.cn FU China NKBRSF [2001CB409600] FX This project was supported by the China NKBRSF project (Grant No. 2001CB409600), and the writers (Y. D.) deeply appreciated their support. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 10 BP 1278 EP 1289 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:10(1278) PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 494WL UT WOS:000269850100014 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Evans, KF AF Pincus, Robert Evans, K. Franklin TI Computational Cost and Accuracy in Calculating Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer: Results for New Implementations of Monte Carlo and SHDOM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES; REFLECTANCES AB This paper examines the tradeoffs between computational cost and accuracy for two new state-of-the-art codes for computing three-dimensional radiative transfer: a community Monte Carlo model and a parallel implementation of the Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM). Both codes are described and algorithmic choices are elaborated. Two prototype problems are considered: a domain filled with stratocumulus clouds and another containing scattered shallow cumulus, absorbing aerosols, and molecular scatterers. Calculations are performed for a range of resolutions and the relationships between accuracy and computational cost, measured by memory use and time to solution, are compared. Monte Carlo accuracy depends primarily on the number of trajectories used in the integration. Monte Carlo estimates of intensity are computationally expensive and may be subject to large sampling noise from highly peaked phase functions. This noise can be decreased using a range of variance reduction techniques, but these techniques can compromise the excellent agreement between the true error and estimates obtained from unbiased calculations. SHDOM accuracy is controlled by both spatial and angular resolution; different output fields are sensitive to different aspects of this resolution, so the optimum accuracy parameters depend on which quantities are desired as well as on the characteristics of the problem being solved. The accuracy of SHDOM must be assessed through convergence tests and all results from unconverged solutions may be biased. SHDOM is more efficient (i.e., has lower error for a given computational cost) than Monte Carlo when computing pixel-by-pixel upwelling fluxes in the cumulus scene, whereas Monte Carlo is more efficient in computing flux divergence and downwelling flux in the stratocumulus scene, especially at higher accuracies. The two models are comparable for downwelling flux and flux divergence in cumulus and upwelling flux in stratocumulus. SHDOM is substantially more efficient when computing pixel-by-pixel intensity in multiple directions; the models are comparable when computing domain-average intensities. In some cases memory use, rather than computation time, may limit the resolution of SHDOM calculations. C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab,Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Evans, K. Franklin] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab,Phys Sci Div, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU NASA [NAG5-11279, NNG04GM91G, NNX07AQ84G]; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE FG02-03ER63561]; National Science Foundation Science; Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247] FX We appreciate the support, suggestions, and enthusiasm of the 13RC community. Alexander Marshak helped us clarify some points regarding Monte Carlo methods, and we thank Dr. Olga L. MayolBracero for her effort in establishing and maintaining the Cape San Juan Aeronet site. RP was supported by NASA under awards NAG5-11279 and NNG04GM91 G; by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Grant DE FG02-03ER63561.; and by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. KFE was supported by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program under award NNX07AQ84G. Computational resources were provided by the NASA High-End Computing Program. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 66 IS 10 BP 3131 EP 3146 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3137.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 505ZO UT WOS:000270741700010 ER PT J AU Kadowaki, H Doi, N Aoki, Y Tabata, Y Sato, TJ Lynn, JW Matsuhira, K Hiroi, Z AF Kadowaki, Hiroaki Doi, Naohiro Aoki, Yuji Tabata, Yoshikazu Sato, Taku J. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Matsuhira, Kazuyuki Hiroi, Zenji TI Observation of Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE magnetic monopole; spin ice; kagome ice; neutron scattering; specific heat ID KAGOME ICE; STATE; DY2TI2O7; ENTROPY; FIELD AB Excitations from a strongly frustrated system, the kagome ice state of the spin ice Dy2Ti2O7 under magnetic fields along a [111] direction, have been Studied. They are theoretically proposed to be regarded as magnetic monopoles. Neutron scattering measurements of spin correlations show that close to the critical point the monopoles are fluctuating between high- and low-density states, supporting that the magnetic Coulomb force acts between them. Specific heat measurements show that monopole-pair creation obeys an Arrhenius law, indicating that the density of monopoles can be controlled by temperature and magnetic field. C1 [Kadowaki, Hiroaki; Doi, Naohiro; Aoki, Yuji] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Tabata, Yoshikazu] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, NSL, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matsuhira, Kazuyuki] Kyushu Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Elect, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Hiroi, Zenji] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Kadowaki, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RI Aoki, Yuji/E-5494-2015; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Aoki, Yuji/0000-0002-0957-3396; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 NR 22 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 37 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 78 IS 10 AR 103706 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.78.103706 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 511YT UT WOS:000271208500008 ER PT J AU Chaloupka, M Balazs, GH Work, TM AF Chaloupka, Milani Balazs, George H. Work, Thierry M. TI Rise and Fall over 26 Years of a Marine Epizootic in Hawaiian Green Sea Turtles SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; fibropapillomatosis; green sea turtle; marine epizootic ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; HERPESVIRUS; RECOVERY; DISEASE; POPULATION; ISLANDS; FLORIDA; TRENDS; AREAS AB Estimates of chronic disease prevalence are needed to improve our understanding of marine disease epizootiology, which is poorly known for marine megafauna such as marine turtles. An emerging worldwide threat to green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) is fibropapillomatosis (FP), which is a pandemic tumor-forming disease associated with herpesviruses. We report on a 26-yr FP epidemic in the Hawaiian Archipelag and show that apparent disease prevalence in the world's main endemic hot spot increased rapidly following a late 1980s outbreak, peaked during the mid-1990s, and then declined steadily ever since. While this disease is a major cause of sea turtle stranding in Hawaiian waters and can be fatal, we also show that long-term tumor regression can occur even for turtles with advanced FP. The endemic Hawaiian green turtle stock was severely depleted by overexploitation prior to protection under the US Endangered Species Act in 1978. This stock has increased significantly ever since, despite exposure to a major chronic disease epidemic that is currently declining. C1 [Chaloupka, Milani] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Chaloupka, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv, PL POB 6150, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. EM m.chaloupka@uq.edu.au RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1142 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 520VN UT WOS:000271877700021 PM 19901386 ER PT J AU Pait, AS Nelson, JO AF Pait, Anthony S. Nelson, Judd O. TI A survey of indicators for reproductive endocrine disruption in Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) at selected sites in the Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fundulus heteroclitus; Killifish; Chesapeake Bay; Endocrine disruption; Vitellogenin; Estuaries ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; WIDESPREAD SEXUAL DISRUPTION; MINNOW CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; LUNAR SPAWNING CYCLE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEWAGE EFFLUENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; STEROID ESTROGENS; ATLANTIC CROAKER; WILD FISH AB Plasma vitellogenin and related parameters in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus were measured at selected sites in the Chesapeake Bay. In males, vitellogenin was above the detection limit 14% of the time, and detections did not differ between sites or seasons. Few differences in plasma vitellogenin levels were found between sites during fall in either male or female F. heteroclitus, the time of natural gonadal regression for this species. There was some variation in the ratio of male to female F. heteroclitus, but was not consistent at most sites. Significant negative correlations were found between reported sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and GSI, and PAHs and plasma vitellogenin in females in both Spring 1999 and Spring 2000. Gonadal anomalies in F. heteroclitus included slight reductions in certain tissue types. Overall, reproductive endocrine disruption in the killifish F. heteroclitus at the sites sampled in the Chesapeake Bay appeared somewhat minimal. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pait, Anthony S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Nelson, Judd O.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pait, AS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tony.pait@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Maryland FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Maryland. The authors wish to thank Dr. Christopher Jeffrey and Dr. Larry Claflin of NOAA for their help with the statistical analysis, Dr. Nancy Denslow and Kevin Kroll of the University of Florida for the analysis of C. variegatus plasma samples, and Dr. Clifford Rice and Dr. Jorge Loyo-Rosales at the US. Department of Agriculture, Environmental Quality Laboratory for the 4-nonylphenol analysis. Special thanks go to Bozena Kucewicz-Pait, Magda Czarny and Wojtek Bejgerowski for their much appreciated assistance and company during laboratory and field work. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 68 IS 4 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.06.006 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 487AH UT WOS:000269242100004 PM 19589590 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Laake, J McLoughlin, PD Cluff, HD Messier, F AF Taylor, Mitchell K. Laake, Jeff McLoughlin, Philip D. Cluff, H. Dean Messier, Francois TI Demography and population viability of polar bears in the Gulf of Boothia, Nunavut SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE demography; mark-recapture; polar bear; Ursus maritimus; Population Viability Analysis (PVA); program MARK; harvest ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BLACK BEARS; MCLINTOCK CHANNEL; MARK-RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL; HARVEST; MODELS AB We estimated demographic parameters and harvest risks for polar bears (Ursus maritimus) inhabiting the Gulf of Boothia, Nunavut, from 1976 to 2000. We computed survival and abundance from capture-recapture and recovery data (630 marks) using a Burnham joint live-dead model implemented in program MARK. Annual mean total survival (including harvest) was 0.889 +/- 0.179 ((x) over bar +/- 1 SE) for cubs, 0.883 +/- 0.087 for subadults (ages 1-4), 0.919 +/- 0.044 for adult females, and 0.917 +/- 0.041 for adult males. Abundance in the last 3 yr of study was 1,592 +/- 361 bears. Mean size of newborn litters was 1.648 +/- 0.098 cubs. By age 7, 0.97 +/- 0.30 of available females were producing litters. Harvest averaged 38.4 +/- 4.2 bears/year in the last 5 yr of study; however, the 2002-2007 kill averaged 56.4 bears/yr. We used a harvested Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to examine impacts of increasing rates of harvest. We estimated the current population growth rate, lambda(H), to be 1.025 +/- 0.032. Although this suggests the population is growing, progressive environmental changes may require more frequent population inventory studies to maintain the same levels of harvest risk. C1 [Taylor, Mitchell K.] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. [Laake, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McLoughlin, Philip D.; Messier, Francois] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Cluff, H. Dean] Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. RP Taylor, MK (reprint author), Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, POB 209, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. EM philip.mcloughlin@usask.ca FU Government of Nunavut; Government of the Northwest Territories; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Polar Continental Shelf Project; University of Saskatchewan; U.S. National Marine Mammal Laboratory FX Support for this work was provided by the Government of Nunavut, the Government of the Northwest Territories, the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, the Polar Continental Shelf Project, the University of Saskatchewan, and the U.S. National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We thank the hunters of Cambridge Bay, Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak, and the Kitikmeot Hunters and Trappers Association who contributed their local and traditional knowledge of polar bears, and participated in the work and harvest program. We extend a special thanks to Pat Lyall for the use of his cabin at Fort Ross. S. Atkinson, P. Krizan, and S. Polischuk assisted with field work. M. Kuc was the primary programmer for RISKMAN and contributed to the development of its algorithms. Comments from S. Amstrup and three anonymous reviewers contributed to this paper. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 778 EP 796 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00302.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 509VI UT WOS:000271046600002 ER PT J AU Calambokidis, J Barlow, J Ford, JKB Chandler, TE Douglas, AB AF Calambokidis, John Barlow, Jay Ford, John K. B. Chandler, Todd E. Douglas, Annie B. TI Insights into the population structure of blue whales in the Eastern North Pacific from recent sightings and photographic identification SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE population structure; blue whale; Balaenoptera musculus; North Pacific; Alaska; Canada; movements; photo-identification ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; KILLER WHALES; FIN WHALES; CETACEANS; ALASKA AB Blue whales were widely distributed in the North Pacific prior to the primary period of modern commercial whaling in the early 1900s. Despite concentrations of blue whale catches off British Columbia and in the Gulf of Alaska, there had been few documented sightings in these areas since whaling for blue whales ended in 1965. In contrast, large concentrations of blue whales have been documented off California and Baja California and in the eastern tropical Pacific since the 1970s, but it was not known if these animals were part of the same population that previously ranged into Alaskan waters. We document 15 blue whale sightings off British Columbia and in the Gulf of Alaska made since 1997, and use identification photographs to show that whales in these areas are currently part of the California feeding population. We speculate that this may represent a return to a migration pattern that has existed for earlier periods for eastern North Pacific blue whale population. One possible explanation for a shift in blue whale use is changes in prey driven by changes in oceanographic conditions, including the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which coincides with some of the observed shifts in blue whale occurrence. C1 [Calambokidis, John; Chandler, Todd E.; Douglas, Annie B.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Barlow, Jay] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ford, John K. B.] Pacific Biol Stn, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Calambokidis, J (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, Waterst Bldg,218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM calambokidis@cascadiaresearch.org FU DFO Species-at-Risk and International Governance programs; Southwest Fisheries Science Center; MichuruOgino FX Funding for the surveys came from DFO Species-at-Risk and International Governance programs, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, and Michuru Ogino. Marinemammal observers on the SWFSC surveys in Alaska included C. Oedekoven, J. C. Salinas, H. Fearnbach, M. Richlen, R. Rowlett, B. Goodwin, S. Hakala, S. Rankin, L. Zele, A. Ligon, L. Carswell, K. Roberts, J. Redfern, B. Taylor, and L. Hoffman. Vessel support was provided by Captain Jan Bevlander and crew of the Curve of Time, and Captain Syd Webb and officers and crew of the CCGS John P. Tully. We thank the observers on the surveys British Columbia especially M. O. L. Spaven, H. Kimura, M. Webb, R. Abernethy, J. Huggins, and A. Calambokidis. A. Douglas and L. Schlender conducted the blue whale photographic identification matching, Randy Burke provided identification photographs of blue whale from 1997, R. Sears of MICS and D. Gendron of CICIMAR compared the identification photographs from British Columbia and Alaska to their catalogs from Mexican waters, and Gretchen Steiger reviewed and edited the manuscript. Helpful suggestions were provided by Andrew Trites, PaulWade, and Tim Gerrodette. NOAA provided access to the Platforms of Opportunity database, thanks to Wendy Lewis for compiling these sightings. Dominique Camacho and Robin Abernathy assisted in preparation of figures. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 816 EP 832 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00298.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 509VI UT WOS:000271046600004 ER PT J AU Burdin, AM Hennen, DR Calkins, DG Burkanov, VN Nikulin, VS Lisitsina, TY AF Burdin, Alexander M. Hennen, Daniel R. Calkins, Donald G. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Nikulin, Victor S. Lisitsina, Tatiana Yu TI Can we see a cohort effect on survival of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) at Kozlova Cape rookery (eastern Kamchatka, Russia)? SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; survival; demographics; Asian stock; Russia ID POPULATION; ALASKA; AGE AB Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) have experienced a decline in Russia as well as the United States. The causes for the decline of the Russian population may or may not overlap the causes of the decline in Alaska. The demographics of the Russian population are not well understood and are an area of interest for scientists wishing to compare and contrast the Alaskan and Russian stocks. This study uses a unique observational system to assess survival by age at a small rookery on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Kozlova Cape. We proceeded under the hypothesis that changes in environmental conditions between years would produce noticeable differences in survival of pups born in those years. We found no evidence to support our hypothesis, but did find some differences from the Alaskan population in estimated survival for the juvenile stage class. This study also provides some of the history of Steller sea lions in Russia for context. C1 [Burdin, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Far E Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Univ Alaska, Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Far E Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683024, Russia. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nikulin, Victor S.] Sevvostrybvod, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683009, Russia. [Lisitsina, Tatiana Yu] Russia Marine Mammal Council, Moscow 117218, Russia. RP Burdin, AM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Far E Branch, Partizanskaya 6, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. EM daniel_hennen@alaskasealife.org NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 888 EP 901 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00294.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 509VI UT WOS:000271046600008 ER PT J AU West, KL Walker, WA Baird, RW White, W Levine, G Brown, E Schofield, D AF West, Kristi L. Walker, William A. Baird, Robin W. White, Whitney Levine, Gregg Brown, Eric Schofield, David TI Diet of pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION C1 [West, Kristi L.; White, Whitney] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Walker, William A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Brown, Eric] Natl Pk Serv, Kalaupapa, HI 96742 USA. [Schofield, David] NOAA, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP West, KL (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM kwest@hpu.edu FU Prescott grant program FX We would like to thank John Klavitter, Thierry Work, and other stranding responders involved in the collection of the pygmy sperm whale stomach contents. We are also grateful to Jeffery Drazen, Brad Seibel, and Steve Haddock for assistance in the interpretation of our results. Richard Young was particularly helpful in sharing his knowledge on the vertical distribution of Hawaiian cephalopods and provided assistance in the identification of the histioteuthid and mastigoteuthid beaks. Susan Chivers confirmed the species identification of the Midway individual. We also thank Mariana Kuprijanova for her assistance with the references and Nicole Davis for her efforts to track down one of the missing samples. We would also like to thank the Prescott grant program for supporting stranding response efforts in the Pacific Islands region. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 931 EP 943 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00295.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 509VI UT WOS:000271046600011 ER PT J AU DeLong, RL Orr, AJ Jenkinson, RS Lyons, ET AF DeLong, Robert L. Orr, Anthony J. Jenkinson, Ryan S. Lyons, Eugene T. TI Treatment of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups with ivermectin reduces hookworm-induced mortality SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE C1 [DeLong, Robert L.; Orr, Anthony J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jenkinson, Ryan S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lyons, Eugene T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP DeLong, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM robert.delong@noaa.gov FU Marine Mammal Protection Act Scientific Research [782-1812] FX This study originated from discussions several years ago with Thierry Work. T. Spraker and F. Gulland provided advice for administering the treatments to pups. G. Orr, D. Watson, and E. Hamblen helped in capture and treating pups. M. DeLong provided assistance with recapture and fecal sampling pups. J. Laake assisted with experimental design and statistical analysis. The paper was improved by comments from B. Fadely, S. Tolliver, The Publications Unit of AFSC, the Editor and Assistant Editor of Marine Mammal Science, and two anonymous reviewers. The study was conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Scientific Research Permit # 782-1812. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 944 EP 948 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00274.x PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 509VI UT WOS:000271046600012 ER PT J AU Krahn, MM Hanson, MB Schorr, GS Emmons, CK Burrows, DG Bolton, JL Baird, RW Ylitalo, GM AF Krahn, Margaret M. Hanson, M. Bradley Schorr, Gregory S. Emmons, Candice K. Burrows, Douglas G. Bolton, Jennie L. Baird, Robin W. Ylitalo, Gina M. TI Effects of age, sex and reproductive status on persistent organic pollutant concentrations in "Southern Resident" killer whales SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Biopsy sampling; Persistent organic pollutants; Brominated diphenyl ethers; Endangered species; Stable isotopes; Orcinus orca ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; NEONATAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; ORCINUS-ORCA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR SEALS; BLUBBER; COAST AB "Southern Resident" killer whales (Orcinus orca) that comprise three fish-eating "pods" (J, K and L) were listed as "endangered" in the US and Canada following a 20% population decline between 1996 and 2001. Blubber biopsy samples from Southern Resident juveniles had statistically higher concentrations of certain persistent organic pollutants than were found for adults. Most Southern Resident killer whales, including the four juveniles, exceeded the health-effects threshold for total PCBs in marine mammal blubber. Maternal transfer of contaminants to the juveniles during rapid development of their biological systems may put these young whales at greater risk than adults for adverse health effects (e.g., immune and endocrine system dysfunction). Pollutant ratios and field observations established that two of the pods (K- and L-pod) travel to California to forage. Nitrogen stable isotope values, supported by field observations, indicated possible changes in the diet of L-pod over the last decade. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Krahn, Margaret M.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Emmons, Candice K.; Burrows, Douglas G.; Bolton, Jennie L.; Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schorr, Gregory S.; Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Krahn, MM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM peggy.krahn@noaa.gov FU US waters under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research [781-1824-01] FX We greatly appreciate the technical assistance of D.W. Brown, C.A. Sloan, R.H. Boyer, D. Boyd, K. Tilbury and G. Yanagida in sample and data analyses. We value Ken Balcomb's assistance in obtaining killer whale sex and age data, the operators in the whale watching fleet who provided whale sightings and also gave scientists space to work and the numerous volunteers who assisted in the field. Logistical support was provided by the University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories. Research was undertaken in US waters under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 781-1824-01. NR 56 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1522 EP 1529 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.05.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 514CH UT WOS:000271370800024 PM 19541329 ER PT J AU Lee, HW Briggs, KT Marino, JP AF Lee, Hui-Wen Briggs, Katharine T. Marino, John P. TI Dissecting structural transitions in the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site RNA using 2-aminopurine fluorescence SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; Dimerization initiation site (DIS); Viral genome dimerization; RNA-RNA 'kissing' interaction; Folding kinetics; Equilibrium binding; 2-Aminopurine fluorescence ID INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REV RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; KISSING COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; BINDING; LOOP AB A highly conserved 35 nucleotide RNA stem-loop, the dimerization initiation site (DIS), in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) genome has been identified as the sequence primarily responsible for initiation of viral genome dimerization. The DIS initiates viral genome dimerization through a loop-loop 'kissing' interaction and is converted from an intermediate 'kissing' to a more thermodynamically stable extended duplex dimer in a conformational rearrangement that is chaperoned by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7). Here we describe fluorescence methods designed to probe local RNA dynamics and structural transitions associated with the DIS dimer formation and its NCp7 chaperoned structural conversion. These methods take advantage of the exquisite sensitivity of the quantum yield of the fluorescent nucleotide base analog, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), to its immediate structural and dynamic environment. The 2-AP fluorescence methods described allow a detailed kinetic and thermodynamic examination of this type of RNA-RNA interaction, as well as an analysis of the molecular mechanism of NCp7 chaperone activity. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM marino@umbi.umd.edu FU NIH [GM59107]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work is supported by NIH Grant GM59107 awarded to J.P.M. We acknowledge the contributions of R. Mihailescu, M. Rist and C. Zhao, who were involved in the development and application of many of these methods. We thank F. Song for some of the oligonucleotide synthesis. Fluorescence instrumentation was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.05.006 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 502GI UT WOS:000270443600005 PM 19460437 ER PT J AU Bartl, G Nicolaus, A Kessler, E Schodel, R Becker, P AF Bartl, Guido Nicolaus, Arnold Kessler, Ernest Schoedel, Rene Becker, Peter TI The coefficient of thermal expansion of highly enriched Si-28 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT; LATTICE-PARAMETER; SILICON-CRYSTALS; SCALE; PTB AB For the new definition of the SI unit of mass based on a fundamental constant, a redetermination of Avogadro's constant is the goal of an international collaboration of numerous national laboratories and universities. Since a relative uncertainty of about 2 x 10(-8) is aimed at, the macroscopic density, the isotopic composition and the volume of the unit cell of a silicon single crystal have to be measured with high precision. One step to improve the precision was the production of a silicon crystal of highly enriched Si-28. This paper addresses the effect of thermal expansion of that material in order to account for a possible discrepancy between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of natural silicon and that of Si-28. The results of two independent CTE measuring methods are presented and compared in this paper. C1 [Bartl, Guido; Nicolaus, Arnold; Schoedel, Rene; Becker, Peter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Kessler, Ernest] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bartl, G (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/5/005 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 501NE UT WOS:000270387800009 ER PT J AU Jones, GR Pritchard, BJ Elmquist, RE AF Jones, G. R. Pritchard, B. J. Elmquist, R. E. TI Characteristics of precision 1 Omega standard resistors influencing transport behaviour and the uncertainty of key comparisons SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID EFFECT RESISTANCE STANDARDS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; BIPM; TEMPERATURE; EVANOHM AB National measurement institutes (NMIs) participate in international key comparisons organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), the Regional Metrology Organizations (RMOs) or the Consultative Committees of the Comite International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) in order to provide evidence of equivalent reference standards and measurement capabilities. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Measurement Institute of Australia (NMIA) have recently examined power loading and several other influences on the value of precision transportable 1 Omega resistors that can increase the uncertainty of key comparisons. We have studied the effects of temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, power loading and heat dissipation in oil on transportable wire-wound 1 Omega resistance standards that are based on different alloys and construction principles. This work focuses on standards manufactured from 1970 through 2000 by the NMIA made of Evanohm alloy and on Thomas-type resistors designed in the 1930s and made of Manganin alloy. We show that the relative standard uncertainty related to transport can be less than 0.01 mu Omega Omega(-1) when using certain resistors of these two types that are characterized and selected for stability. We describe the characterization process, and relate the environmental influences to the physical design, as well as to the mechanical properties and condition of the standards. C1 [Jones, G. R.; Elmquist, R. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pritchard, B. J.] Natl Measurement Inst, Dept Innovat Ind Sci & Res, W Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. RP Jones, GR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elmquist@nist.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/5/015 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 501NE UT WOS:000270387800019 ER PT J AU Qu, JF Benz, SP Rogalla, H White, DR AF Qu, Jifeng Benz, S. P. Rogalla, H. White, D. R. TI Reduced non-linearities and improved temperature measurements for the NIST Johnson noise thermometer SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID THERMAL AGITATION; CALIBRATION; DISTORTION; CONDUCTORS; ACCURACY AB The variance of temperature measurements made with the NIST Johnson noise thermometer has been reduced by the use of improved cross-correlation electronics and a unique method for measuring and reducing non-linearities. The spectral response of the voltage noise and the reproducibility of the measured temperature were improved by the use of a lower-noise preamplifier with better common-mode rejection and by removal of a systematic aliasing error through additional filtering. Even with these improvements, however, measurements with precision multi-tone comb and two-tone waveforms, which were synthesized with the quantum voltage noise source, showed that distortion generated by non-linearities in the electronics still limited the measurement standard deviation to (3-5) mu K/K greater than that expected for uncorrelated white noise. The new electronics and the measurement techniques used to characterize the non-linearities are described. Synthesized waveforms that have higher tone density are shown to reduce the distortion generated by the remaining non-linearities so that the variance of the measurement is no longer limited and continues to decrease with measurement time as expected. C1 [Qu, Jifeng; Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rogalla, H.] Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [White, D. R.] Measurement Stand Lab, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Qu, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD OCT PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 512 EP 524 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/46/5/016 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 501NE UT WOS:000270387800020 ER PT J AU Ritchie, NWM AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Spectrum Simulation in DTSA-II SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; simulation; EPMA; EDS; X-ray; electron ID CROSS-SECTION; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ELECTRONS; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; SCATTERING; Z=1-92 AB Spectrum simulation is a useful practical and pedagogical tool. Particularly with complex samples or trace constituents, a simulation can help to understand the limits of the technique and the instrument parameters for the optimal measurement. DTSA-II, software for electron probe microanalysis, provides both easy to use and flexible tools for simulating common and less common sample geometries and materials. Analytical models based on phi(rho z) curves provide quick simulations of simple samples. Monte Carlo models based on electron and X-ray transport provide more sophisticated models of arbitrarily complex samples. DTSA-II provides a broad range of simulation tools in a framework with many different interchangeable physical models. In addition, DTSA-II provides tools for visualizing, comparing, manipulating, and quantifying simulated and measured spectra. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 454 EP 468 DI 10.1017/S1431927609990407 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 499ZM UT WOS:000270265600009 PM 19754981 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Paranjpye, RN Dykhuizen, DE Sokurenko, EV Strom, MS AF Chattopadhyay, Sujay Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Dykhuizen, Daniel E. Sokurenko, Evgeni V. Strom, Mark S. TI Comparative Evolutionary Analysis of the Major Structural Subunit of Vibrio vulnificus Type IV Pili SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE type IV pili; adhesion; diversifying selection; recent adaptive evolution ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING DOMAIN; N-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BIFUNCTIONAL ENZYME; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LEADER PEPTIDASE; DNA TRANSPORT; HEP-2 CELLS AB Type IV pili contribute to Virulence in Vibrio vulnificus, the bacterium responsible for the majority of fatal seafood-related infections. Here, we performed within- and between-species evolutionary analysis of the gene that encodes the major structural subunit of the pilus, pilA, by comparing it with pilD and gyrB, the genes encoding the type IV prepilin peptidase and P Subunit of DNA gyrase, respectively. Although the diversity in pilD and gyrB is similar to each other and likely to have accumulated after speciation of V. vulnificus, pilA is several times more diverse at both nonsynonymous and synonymous levels. Also, in contrast to pilD and gyrB, there are virtually unrestricted and highly localized horizontal movements of pilA alleles between the major phylogenetic groups of V. vulnificus. The frequent movement of pilA involves homologous recombination of the entire gene with no evidence for intragenic recombination between the alleles. We propose that pilA allelic diversity and horizontal movement is maintained in the population by both diversifying and frequency-dependent selection most likely to escape shellfish innate immunity defense or lytic phages. Other possibilities leading to Such selection dynamics of V. vulnificus pilA could involve adaptation to diverse host populations or within-host compartments, or natural DNA uptake and transformation. We show that the history of nucleotide diversification in pilA predates V. vulnificus speciation and this diversification started at or before the time of the last common ancestor for V. vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae. At the same time, it appears that within the various pilA groups of V. vulnificus, there is no positive selection for structural mutations and consequently no evidence for source-sink selection. In contrast, pilD has accumulated a number of apparently adaptive mutations in the regions encoding the membrane-spanning portions of the prepilin peptidase, possibly affecting fimbrial expression and/or function, and is being subjected to source-sink selection dynamics. C1 [Chattopadhyay, Sujay; Sokurenko, Evgeni V.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Paranjpye, Rohinee N.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Dept Commerce, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dykhuizen, Daniel E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM evs@u.washington.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM31912]; WCCOHH publication Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA FX This publication was supported by grant GM31912 from the National Institutes of Health and by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH publication Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2185 EP 2196 DI 10.1093/molbev/msp124 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 500AI UT WOS:000270268900005 PM 19556347 ER PT J AU Engelhaupt, D Hoelzel, AR Nicholson, C Frantzis, A Mesnick, S Gero, S Whitehead, H Rendell, L Miller, P De Stefanis, R Canadas, A Airoldi, S Mignucci-Giannoni, AA AF Engelhaupt, Daniel Hoelzel, A. Rus Nicholson, Colin Frantzis, Alexandros Mesnick, Sarah Gero, Shane Whitehead, Hal Rendell, Luke Miller, Patrick De Stefanis, Renaud Canadas, Ana Airoldi, Sabina Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. TI Female philopatry in coastal basins and male dispersion across the North Atlantic in a highly mobile marine species, the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacean; microsatellite DNA; mitochondrial DNA; philopatry; Physeter macrocephalus; sperm whale ID SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; DNA CONTROL REGION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS; STATISTICAL TESTS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE AB The mechanisms that determine population structure in highly mobile marine species are poorly understood, but useful towards understanding the evolution of diversity, and essential for effective conservation and management. In this study, we compare putative sperm whale populations located in the Gulf of Mexico, western North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea using mtDNA control region sequence data and 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The Gulf of Mexico, western North Atlantic and North Sea populations each possessed similar low levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity at the mtDNA locus, while the Mediterranean Sea population showed no detectable mtDNA diversity. Mitochondrial DNA results showed significant differentiation between all populations, while microsatellites showed significant differentiation only for comparisons with the Mediterranean Sea, and at a much lower level than seen for mtDNA. Samples from either side of the North Atlantic in coastal waters showed no differentiation for mtDNA, while North Atlantic samples from just outside the Gulf of Mexico (the western North Atlantic sample) were highly differentiated from samples within the Gulf at this locus. Our analyses indicate a previously unknown fidelity of females to coastal basins either side of the North Atlantic, and suggest the movement of males among these populations for breeding. C1 [Engelhaupt, Daniel; Hoelzel, A. Rus; Nicholson, Colin] Univ Durham, Dept Biol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Frantzis, Alexandros] Pelagos Cetacean Res Inst, Vouliagmeni 16671, Greece. [Mesnick, Sarah] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gero, Shane; Whitehead, Hal] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Rendell, Luke; Miller, Patrick] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [De Stefanis, Renaud] CIRCE, Cadiz 11390, Spain. [Airoldi, Sabina] Tethys Res Inst, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.] Univ Interamer Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Hoelzel, AR (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Biol Sci, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM a.r.hoelzel@durham.ac.uk RI Rendell, Luke/G-2594-2010; Gero, Shane/G-8675-2015; OI Rendell, Luke/0000-0002-1121-9142; Gero, Shane/0000-0001-6854-044X; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873; Frantzis, Alexandros/0000-0001-7117-062X FU US Department of Interior's Minerals Management Service for SWAMP (Sperm Whale Acoustic Monitoring Program); SWSS (Sperm Whale Seismic Study) [1435-0102-CA-85186]; National Marine Fisheries Service [909-1465, 909-1726]; SWSS; Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature FX Research was funded in part by the US Department of Interior's Minerals Management Service for SWAMP (Sperm Whale Acoustic Monitoring Program) and SWSS (Sperm Whale Seismic Study) under Cooperative Agreement 1435-0102-CA-85186 issued to Texas A&M Research Foundation. Research was carried out under National Marine Fisheries Service Permits 909-1465 and 909-1726 as required by the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act. Collection of sperm whale samples used in this study involved many people working on SWSS as well as other projects around the globe. Thanks to Keith Mullin, Wayne Hoggard, Tony Martinez and all the scientists and crew at the Pascagoula and Miami Southeast Fisheries Science Center laboratories that participated in the 2000-2001 SWAMP fieldwork aboard the NOAA ship Gordon Gunter. Additional thanks to the scientists and crew aboard the R/V Gyre used during the SWSS cruises. Special thanks to the following people and groups who have collected sperm whale samples from around the globe, which were incorporated into this project: Mark Johnson (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute), Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Nelio Barros (Hubbs Sea World Research Institute), Clearwater Marine Park & Bob Reid. Samples from Puerto Rico were collected under the authority of Puerto Rico's Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and a grant from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Legislature. NR 93 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 20 BP 4193 EP 4205 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04355.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 505CM UT WOS:000270665900008 PM 19769692 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS Bishop, CH AF Wang, Xuguang Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Bishop, Craig H. TI A Comparison of the Hybrid and EnSRF Analysis Schemes in the Presence of Model Errors due to Unresolved Scales SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; GLOBAL-MODEL; PART I; PREDICTION; WRF; REPRESENTATION AB A hybrid analysis scheme is compared with an ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) analysis scheme in the presence of model errors as a follow-up to a previous perfect-model comparison. In the hybrid scheme, the ensemble perturbations are updated by the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) and the ensemble mean is updated with a hybrid ensemble and static background-error covariance. The experiments were conducted with a two-layer primitive equation model. The true state was a T127 simulation. Data assimilation experiments were conducted at T31 resolution (3168 complex spectral coefficients), assimilating imperfect observations drawn from the T127 nature run. By design, the magnitude of the truncation error was large, which provided a test on the ability of both schemes to deal with model error. Additive noise was used to parameterize model errors in the background ensemble for both schemes. In the first set of experiments, additive noise was drawn from a large inventory of historical forecast errors; in the second set of experiments, additive noise was drawn from a large inventory of differences between forecasts and analyses. The static covariance was computed correspondingly from the two inventories. The hybrid analysis was statistically significantly more accurate than the EnSRF analysis. The improvement of the hybrid over the EnSRF was smaller when differences of forecasts and analyses were used to form the random noise and the static covariance. The EnSRF analysis was more sensitive to the size of the ensemble than the hybrid. Aseries of tests was conducted to understand why the EnSRF performed worse than the hybrid. It was shown that the inferior performance of the EnSRF was likely due to the sampling error in the estimation of the model-error covariance in the mean update and the less-balanced EnSRF initial conditions resulting from the extra localizations used in the EnSRF. C1 [Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Wang, Xuguang] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hamill, Thomas M.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bishop, Craig H.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5341, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM xuguang.wang@ou.edu RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU NSF [ATM-0205612]; NOAA THORPEX Grant; University of Colorado; ONR [0602435N, BE435-003, N0001407WX30012] FX The first author was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0205612, a NOAA THORPEX Grant, and the innovative research grant from CIRES of University of Colorado. Craig Bishop acknowledges support from ONR Projects 0602435N, BE435-003, and N0001407WX30012. NR 55 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 10 BP 3219 EP 3232 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2923.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 511QM UT WOS:000271181500004 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CS Kain, JS Weiss, SJ Xue, M Bright, DR Kong, FY Thomas, KW Levit, JJ Coniglio, MC AF Schwartz, Craig S. Kain, John S. Weiss, Steven J. Xue, Ming Bright, David R. Kong, Fanyou Thomas, Kevin W. Levit, Jason J. Coniglio, Michael C. TI Next-Day Convection-Allowing WRF Model Guidance: A Second Look at 2-km versus 4-km Grid Spacing SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; MOIST CONVECTION; SPRING PROGRAM; VERIFICATION; PREDICTION; WEATHER; SKILL; PREDICTABILITY AB During the 2007 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Experiment, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of Oklahoma produced convection-allowing forecasts from a single deterministic 2-km model and a 10-member 4-km-resolution ensemble. In this study, the 2-km deterministic output was compared with forecasts from the 4-km ensemble control member. Other than the difference in horizontal resolution, the two sets of forecasts featured identical Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) configurations, including vertical resolution, forecast domain, initial and lateral boundary conditions, and physical parameterizations. Therefore, forecast disparities were attributed solely to differences in horizontal grid spacing. This study is a follow-up to similar work that was based on results from the 2005 Spring Experiment. Unlike the 2005 experiment, however, model configurations were more rigorously controlled in the present study, providing a more robust dataset and a cleaner isolation of the dependence on horizontal resolution. Additionally, in this study, the 2- and 4-km outputs were compared with 12-km forecasts from the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model. Model forecasts were analyzed using objective verification of mean hourly precipitation and visual comparison of individual events, primarily during the 21- to 33-h forecast period to examine the utility of the models as next-day guidance. On average, both the 2- and 4-km model forecasts showed substantial improvement over the 12-km NAM. However, although the 2-km forecasts produced more-detailed structures on the smallest resolvable scales, the patterns of convective initiation, evolution, and organization were remarkably similar to the 4-km output. Moreover, on average, metrics such as equitable threat score, frequency bias, and fractions skill score revealed no statistical improvement of the 2-km forecasts compared to the 4-km forecasts. These results, based on the 2007 dataset, corroborate previous findings, suggesting that decreasing horizontal grid spacing from 4 to 2 km provides little added value as next-day guidance for severe convective storm and heavy rain forecasters in the United States. C1 [Schwartz, Craig S.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kain, John S.; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Weiss, Steven J.; Bright, David R.; Levit, Jason J.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Xue, Ming; Kong, Fanyou; Thomas, Kevin W.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Schwartz, CS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM schwartz@ucar.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA/CSTAR; National Science Foundation; NSF ITR [ATM-0331594] FX Dedicated work by many individuals led to the success of SE2007. At the SPC, HWT operations were made possible by technical support from Jay Liang, Gregg Grosshans, Greg Carbin, and Joe Byerly. At the NSSL, Brett Morrow, Steve Fletcher, and Doug Kennedy also provided valuable technical support. We are grateful to Geoffrey Manikin ( NCEP EMC) for providing us with the NAM precipitation data and Jun Du of NCEP for making available the 2100 UTC NAM analyses. Nusrat Yussouf and Dr. Kimberly Elmore are thanked for their assistance with statistical analysis. The CAPS forecasts were primarily supported by the NOAA/CSTAR program and were performed at the PSC supported by the National Science Foundation. Supplementary support was provided by NSF ITR project LEAD (ATM-0331594). Keith Brewster and Yunheng Wang of CAPS also contributed to the forecast effort. David O'Neal of PSC is thanked for his assistance with the forecasts. NR 55 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 10 BP 3351 EP 3372 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2924.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 511QM UT WOS:000271181500011 ER PT J AU Ma, ZZ Kuo, YH Wang, B Wu, WS Sokolovskiy, S AF Ma, Zaizhong Kuo, Ying-Hwa Wang, Bin Wu, Wan-Shu Sokolovskiy, Sergey TI Comparison of Local and Nonlocal Observation Operators for the Assimilation of GPS RO Data with the NCEP GSI System: An OSSE Study SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID RADIO OCCULTATION DATA; 3-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; PHASE OBSERVATION OPERATOR; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; BENDING ANGLE; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; CHAMP; REFRACTIVITY AB In this study, an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) is performed to evaluate the performance of a nonlocal excess phase operator and a local refractivity operator for a GPS radio occultation (RO) sounding that passes through the eye of Hurricane Katrina as simulated by a high-resolution model, with significant horizontal refractivity gradients. Both observation operators are tested on the NCEP gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system at 12- and 36-km horizontal resolution. It is shown that the shape and magnitude of the analysis increments for sea level pressure, temperature, and water vapor mixing ratio exhibit significant differences between the use of local and nonlocal operators. The nonlocal operator produces more accurate analyses when verified against the "truth'' derived from the ground truth run. It is found that the improvements of the analysis with the use of the nonlocal operator over that of the local operator are essentially the same at 12- and 36-km horizontal resolution. An additional experiment is performed over a region with small horizontal gradients. As expected, the use of both nonlocal and local operators produces similar results over such a region. C1 [Ma, Zaizhong; Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ma, Zaizhong; Wang, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kuo, Ying-Hwa; Sokolovskiy, Sergey] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, Wan-Shu] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kuo, YH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kuo@ucar.edu RI Ma, Zaizhong/M-3248-2013; Wang, Bin/P-9121-2014; Wang, Bin/D-9724-2012 OI Wang, Bin/0000-0001-7374-3786; Wang, Bin/0000-0002-3133-7197 FU National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 10 BP 3575 EP 3587 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2809.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 511QM UT WOS:000271181500025 ER PT J AU Wicker, LJ AF Wicker, Louis J. TI A Two-Step Adams-Bashforth-Moulton Split-Explicit Integrator for Compressible Atmospheric Models SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC EQUATIONS; TIME; SCHEME AB Split-explicit integration methods used for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations are now used in a wide variety of numerical models ranging from high-resolution local models to convection-permitting climate simulations. Models are now including more sophisticated and complicated physical processes, such as multimoment microphysics parameterizations, electrification, and dry/aqueous chemistry. A wider range of simulation problems combined with the increasing physics complexity may place a tighter constraint on the model's time step compared to the fluid flow's Courant number (e.g., the choice of the integration time step based solely on advective Courant number considerations may generate unacceptable errors associated with the parameterization schemes). The third-order multistage Runge-Kutta scheme has been very successful as the split-explicit integration method; however, its efficiency arises partially in its ability to use a time step that is 20%-40% larger than more traditional integration schemes. In applications in which the time step is constrained by other considerations, alternative integration schemes may be more efficient. Here a two-step third-order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton integrator is stably split in a similar manner as the split Runge-Kutta scheme. For applications in which the large time step is not constrained by the advective Courant number it requires less computational effort. Stability is demonstrated through eigenvalue analysis of the linear coupled one-dimensional velocity-pressure equations, and full two-dimensional nonlinear solutions from a standard test problem are shown to demonstrate solution accuracy and efficiency. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Wicker, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM louis.wicker@noaa.gov FU NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory; National Science Foundation [CMG-0530820]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227] FX The author acknowledges numerous useful discussions with Drs. Edward Mansell, Evgeni Fedorovich, and Catherine Mavriplis regarding numerical methods research; Drs. Bill Skamarock and Zavisa Janjic also provided very helpful comments that corrected errors in the initial draft of this paper. Comments from both reviewers as well as the editor were very helpful in focusing the discussion and greatly improved the presentation. The author also thanks Eric Jones, Travis Oliphant, Pearu Peterson, and many others for the development of the Python software NumPy and SciPy. The stability analysis calculations were done using their excellent open-source software. Support was provided by the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory and from the National Science Foundation (Grant CMG-0530820). Funding for this research also was provided under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 10 BP 3588 EP 3595 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2838.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 511QM UT WOS:000271181500026 ER PT J AU Houk, RJT Jacobs, BW El Gabaly, F Chang, NN Talin, AA Graham, DD House, SD Robertson, IM Allendorf, MD AF Houk, Ronald J. T. Jacobs, Benjamin W. El Gabaly, Farid Chang, Noel N. Talin, A. Alec Graham, Dennis D. House, Stephen D. Robertson, Ian M. Allendorf, Mark D. TI Silver Cluster Formation, Dynamics, and Chemistry in Metal-Organic Frameworks SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; COORDINATION; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; AGNO3; MOF-5 AB Synthetic methods used to produce metal nanoparticles typically lead to 6 distribution of particle sizes. In addition, creation of the smallest clusters, with sizes of a few to tens of atoms, remains very challenging. Nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a promising solution to these problems, since their long-range crystalline order creates completely uniform pore sizes with the potential for both steric and chemical stabilization. We report a systematic investigation of silver nanocluster formation within MOFs using three representative MOF templates. The as-synthesized clusters are spectroscopically consistent with dimensions <= 1 nm, with a significant fraction existing as Ag(3) clusters, as shown by electron paramagnetic resonance. Importantly, we show conclusively that very rapid TEM-induced MOF degradation leads to agglomeration and stable, easily imaged particles, explaining prior reports of particles larger than MOF pores. These results solve an important riddle concerning MOF-based templates and suggest that heterostructures composed of highly uniform arrays of nanoparticles within MOFs are feasible. C1 [Houk, Ronald J. T.; Jacobs, Benjamin W.; El Gabaly, Farid; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Chang, Noel N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Graham, Dennis D.; House, Stephen D.; Robertson, Ian M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov OI House, Stephen/0000-0003-2035-6373 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC36-05GO15064] FX The authors thank Drs. Raghunandan Bliakm and Nathan Ockwig for their technical assistance with various aspects of this project, Prof. Roya Maboudian and Dr. Nicola Ferralis of the University of California at Berkeley for initial XPS measurements, and Prof. Edward Solomon and David Heppner of Stanford University for their assistance with the EPR spectroscopy. This work was funded by the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. The work at Illinois was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FC36-05GO15064. NR 33 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 17 U2 167 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 3413 EP 3418 DI 10.1021/nl901397k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 505DY UT WOS:000270670500006 PM 19757817 ER PT J AU Stevens, B Feingold, G AF Stevens, Bjorn Feingold, Graham TI Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE-RADIUS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WATER CLOUDS; CLIMATE; ALBEDO; DRIZZLE AB It is thought that changes in the concentration of cloud-active aerosol can alter the precipitation efficiency of clouds, thereby changing cloud amount and, hence, the radiative forcing of the climate system. Despite decades of research, it has proved frustratingly difficult to establish climatically meaningful relationships among the aerosol, clouds and precipitation. As a result, the climatic effect of the aerosol remains controversial. We propose that the difficulty in untangling relationships among the aerosol, clouds and precipitation reflects the inadequacy of existing tools and methodologies and a failure to account for processes that buffer cloud and precipitation responses to aerosol perturbations. C1 [Stevens, Bjorn] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany. [Stevens, Bjorn] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stevens, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, KlimaCampus, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany. EM bjorn.stevens@zmaw.de RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; NR 93 TC 367 Z9 372 U1 12 U2 150 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 461 IS 7264 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1038/nature08281 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 500LH UT WOS:000270302600031 PM 19794487 ER PT J AU Triebenbach, SP Smoker, WW Beckman, BR Focht, R AF Triebenbach, Stan P. Smoker, William W. Beckman, Brian R. Focht, Rick TI Compensatory Growth after Winter Food Deprivation in Hatchery-Produced Coho Salmon and Chinook Salmon Smolts SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; BODY-COMPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; SMOLTIFICATION; MATURATION; SURVIVAL; RIVER; DESMOLTIFICATION AB This study investigated whether coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha smolts would exhibit elevated compensatory growth rates in the spring after food deprivation during the winter. We also tested whether food-deprived fish would attain the same physiological attributes as smolts fed continuously during this period. Replicate treatment groups were deprived of food for 10 and 16 weeks, centered on the winter solstice. Control groups were fed to satiation 2 d weekly during the 10-week deprivation period and every day afterwards. All groups were fed daily to satiation from the end of the deprivation periods until after summer solstice. Treated fish of both species were smaller than controls after deprivation but grew faster after feeding resumed. Growth rates were not significantly different between treatment and control groups until the fish were transferred to seawater. which was 4 degrees C warmer than freshwater at the time of transfer. At the end of the study in July. fish of both species deprived of food for 10 weeks were the same size as controls but fish deprived for 16 weeks remained smaller. Protein content decreased during deprivation while moisture and ash content increased, but the proximate composition of all groups was similar by the end of the study. There was no statistically detectable difference in whole-body lipid between control and treatment groups at any time during the study. Spring increases in gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity were unaffected by deprivation. Although treated coho and Chinook salmon smolts grew faster in the spring, restored their body composition, and did not lose osmoregulatory ability, the life-long effects on size and survival remain unknown. C1 [Triebenbach, Stan P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Smoker, William W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Focht, Rick] Douglas Isl Pink & Chum Inc, Macaulay Salmon Hatchery, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Triebenbach, SP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 905 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM striebenbach@hotmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170013]; University of Alaska; U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX This publication is the result of research sponsored by Alaska Sea Grant with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under grant no. NA06OAR4170013, and from the University of Alaska with funds appropriated by the state. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service provided additional funding for this project. Douglas Island Pink and Chum, Inc. provided fish and rearing facilities. Thanks to Ray RaLonde for assistance in obtaining funding for this project and making revisions to the original manuscript. Thanks to Alison Triebenbach, Jesse Echave, Tyler Dann, Lisa Kamin, Luke Neraas, Quinn Smith, and Ashwin Sreenivasan for assistance with sampling. Thanks to Christopher Hay-Jahans, Amy Blanchard, and Anthony Gharrett for advice on statistical analysis. Thanks to Stanley D. Rice, Ron Heintz, Robert Bradshaw, Lawrence Schaufler, Frank Thrower, John Joyce, Marie Larsen, and Larry Holland from the NOAA Auke Bay Laboratory for use of equipment and laboratory space and advice on proximate composition analysis. Thanks to Lisa Hoferkamp and Sherry Tamone from the University of Alaska Southeast for use of their equipment and laboratory space and assistance with several of the analyses. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 384 EP 399 DI 10.1577/A08-035.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100017 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Moser, ML Boggs, CT Daigle, WR Peery, CA AF Keefer, Matthew L. Moser, Mary L. Boggs, Charles T. Daigle, William R. Peery, Christopher A. TI Effects of Body Size and River Environment on the Upstream Migration of Adult Pacific Lampreys SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MORTALITY AB Dams in the Columbia River basin present significant obstacles to declining populations of anadromous Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata. Mitigation efforts have focused on fine-scale improvements in passage at individual dams, but there is an increasing need for basinwide estimates of survival and escapement. We developed a half-duplex passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag monitoring array at five Columbia and Snake River dams to evaluate adult lamprey migrations. We tagged 3,598 lampreys over 3 years and calculated the rates of main-stem escapement through 15 river reaches. From these data, we assessed the relative effects of lamprey size, river discharge, water temperature, and migration timing on upstream passage. The results indicated high attrition as lampreys progressed upstream. In each year, about one-half of the fish passed one dam, 28-33% passed two (dams, 17-19% passed three dams, 4-5% passed four dams, and about 1% passed the first dam on the Snake River (five dams and >300 km upstream from their release sites). In most reaches, upstream passage was strongly size dependent, the largest lampreys being two to four times more likely to pass than the smallest fish. Lamprey size was more predictive of passage than were the river discharge, temperature, or migration timing variables. These findings suggest that adult Pacific lamprey migration is affected by physiological constraints and that effective mitigation for the difficult passage conditions at dams should include size-related considerations. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Boggs, Charles T.; Daigle, William R.; Peery, Christopher A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Fish Ecol Res Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Fish Ecol Res Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 50 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1214 EP 1224 DI 10.1577/M08-239.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500003 ER PT J AU Hayes, CG Jiao, Y Cortes, E AF Hayes, Christopher G. Jiao, Yan Cortes, Enric TI Stock Assessment of Scalloped Hammerheads in the Western North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CATCH-EFFORT DATA; PRODUCTION-MODEL; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; SHARK POPULATIONS; AGE; APPROPRIATE; SELECTION; COLLAPSE AB The status of the western North Atlantic Ocean population of scalloped hammerheads Sphyrna lewini (Sphymidae [hammerhead sharks]) was assessed from 1981 through 2005 by using Schaefer (logistic) and Fox surplus-production models. The population declined rapidly before 1996 but began rebuilding in the late 1990s as fishing pressure decreased. The Akaike information criterion for small sample sizes-a test of goodness of fit for statistical models-indicated that the Fox model provided a slightly better fit to the data. Bootstrapped parameter values showed that in 2005 the probability of the scalloped hammerhead's being overfished was greater than 95% (the population wits estimated to be 45% of that which would produce the maximum sustainable yield [MSY]) and a 73% probability that overfishing was occurring (fishing mortality was approximately 129% of that associated with the MSY). The size of this Population was estimated to be 17% of what it had been in 198 1, that is, it has been depleted by about 83% from the virgin stock size. Monte Carlo simulation predicted that the population had a 58% probability of rebuilding in 10 years if the 2005 catch level (4,135 individuals) were maintained and an 95% probability of rebuilding if the 2005 total catch were halved. Sensitivity analyses showed that the stock assessment results were most sensitive to removing the University of North Carolina longline survey index of relative abundance. the method of weighting indices, and excluding fishery-dependent indices of relative abundance. C1 [Hayes, Christopher G.] Atlantic Coastal Cooperat Stat Prog, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Jiao, Yan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cortes, Enric] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Hayes, CG (reprint author), Atlantic Coastal Cooperat Stat Prog, 1444 Eye St, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM chris.hayes@accsp.org RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 FU NMFS-RTR; NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX We offer our enormous gratitude to Jim Berkson and the NMFS-RTR unit at Virginia Tech for guidance and funding for this project. We thank the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center for providing financial and technical support for the project. We especially thank John Carlson, Walter Ingram, and Cami McCandless for analyzing raw data. We also appreciate the help of our colleagues at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and the State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences at both the Blacksburg and Northern Virginia campuses. Finally, we thank the Atlantic Coastal Cooperative Statistics Program. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1406 EP 1417 DI 10.1577/M08-026.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500017 ER PT J AU Huckans, JH Spielman, IB Tolra, BL Phillips, WD Porto, JV AF Huckans, J. H. Spielman, I. B. Tolra, B. Laburthe Phillips, W. D. Porto, J. V. TI Quantum and classical dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a large-period optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE Bose-Einstein condensation; light diffraction; optical lattices; quantum optics; rubidium ID STANDING-WAVE; DIFFRACTION; LIGHT; ATOMS; BEAM AB We experimentally investigate diffraction of a (87)Rb Bose-Einstein condensate from a one-dimensional optical lattice. We use a range of lattice periods and timescales, including those beyond the Raman-Nath limit. We compare the results to numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and classical calculations, with quantitative and qualitative agreement, respectively. The classical calculations predict that the envelope of the time-evolving diffraction pattern is shaped by caustics: singularities in the phase-space density of classical trajectories. This behavior becomes increasingly clear as the lattice period grows. C1 [Huckans, J. H.; Spielman, I. B.; Phillips, W. D.; Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tolra, B. Laburthe] Univ Paris 13, Phys Lasers Lab, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. RP Huckans, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huckans@phys.psu.edu FU ARDA; NASA; NRL; DARPA's OLE program; NSF FX We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Paul Julienne, Ennio Arimondo, Mikkel Andersen, and Vincent Boyer. This work was partially supported by ARDA, NASA, NRL, DARPA's OLE program, and the NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 043609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.043609 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000136 ER PT J AU Long, DA Havey, DK Okumura, M Pickett, HM Miller, CE Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Havey, D. K. Okumura, M. Pickett, H. M. Miller, C. E. Hodges, J. T. TI Laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations of O-2 A band electric quadrupole transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE absorption coefficients; electric moments; infrared spectra; molecular electronic states; oxygen; quadrupole moments; spectral line intensity ID OXYGEN-A-BAND; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY RING; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; LINE PARAMETERS; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; HIGH-PRECISION; GROUND-STATE AB Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy was utilized to measure electric quadrupole transitions within the O-16(2) A band, b (1)Sigma(+)(g)<- X (3)Sigma(-)(g)(0,0). We report quantitative measurements (relative uncertainties in intensity measurements from 4.4% to 11%) of nine ultraweak transitions in the O-N, O-P, S-R, and S-T branches with line intensities ranging from 3x10(-30) to 2x10(-29) cm molec.(-1). A thorough discussion of relevant noise sources and uncertainties in this experiment and other cw-cavity ring-down spectrometers is given. For short-term averaging (t < 100 s), we estimate a noise-equivalent absorption of 2.5x10(-10) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). The detection limit was reduced further by co-adding up to 100 spectra to yield a minimum detectable absorption coefficient equal to 1.8x10(-11) cm(-1), corresponding to a line intensity of similar to 2.5x10(-31) cm molec.(-1). We discuss calculations of electric quadrupole line positions based on a simultaneous fit of the ground and upper electronic state energies which have uncertainties < 3 MHz, and we present calculations of electric quadrupole matrix elements and line intensities. The electric quadrupole line intensity calculations and measurements agreed on average to 5%, which is comparable to our average experimental uncertainty. The calculated electric quadrupole band intensity was 1.8(1)x10(-27) cm molec.(-1) which is equal to only similar to 8x10(-6) of the magnetic dipole band intensity. C1 [Long, D. A.; Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Havey, D. K.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pickett, H. M.; Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Havey, Daniel/C-1997-2009; Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013 OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 51 TC 34 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 042513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.042513 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000089 ER PT J AU Malkova, N Hromada, I Wang, XS Bryant, G Chen, ZG AF Malkova, Natalia Hromada, Ivan Wang, Xiaosheng Bryant, Garnett Chen, Zhigang TI Transition between Tamm-like and Shockley-like surface states in optically induced photonic superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE bonds (chemical); coupled mode analysis; energy gap; optical arrays; optical multilayers; optical waveguide theory; superlattices; surface states ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; LIQUID-HELIUM; SOLITONS; ELECTRONS; LATTICE; MEDIA; GAP AB We study the formation of Shockley-like surface states and their transition into Tamm-like surface states in an optically induced semi-infinite photonic superlattice. While perfect Shockley-like states appear only when the induced superlattice with alternating strong and weak bonds is terminated properly with an unperturbed surface, deformed Shockley-like surface states often appear in the so-called inverted band gap when the surface perturbation is nonzero. Furthermore, transitions between linear Tamm-like, Shockley-like, and nonlinear Tamm-like surface states are also observed by fine tuning the surface perturbation. Using coupled-mode theory, we confirm the existence of these linear and nonlinear surface states in a finite array of N identical single-mode waveguides coupled with alternating strong and weak bonds. C1 [Malkova, Natalia; Hromada, Ivan; Wang, Xiaosheng; Chen, Zhigang] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, Key Lab Weak Light Nonlinear Photon, Minist Educ, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. [Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, TEDA Appl Phys Sch, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. RP Malkova, N (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RI Chen, Zhigang/B-2112-2010 FU NSF; USAFOSR; 973 Program FX This work was supported by NSF, USAFOSR, and the 973 Program. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 043806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.043806 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000162 ER PT J AU Mathey, L Polkovnikov, A AF Mathey, L. Polkovnikov, A. TI Supercritical superfluid and vortex unbinding following a quantum quench SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE metastable states; superfluidity; vortices; Wigner distribution ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; BOSE-GASES; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION AB We study the dynamics of the relative phase of a bilayer of two-dimensional superfluids after the two superfluids have been decoupled, using truncated Wigner approximation. On short time scales the relative phase shows "light-cone"-like thermalization and creates a metastable superfluid state, which can be supercritical. On longer time scales this state relaxes to a disordered state due to dynamical vortex unbinding. This scenario of dynamically suppressed vortex proliferation constitutes a reverse-Kibble-Zurek effect. We observe dynamics of creation of vortex-antivortex pairs and their consequent motion. Our predictions can be directly measured in interference experiments [Z. Hadzibabic , Nature (London) 441, 1118 (2006)]. C1 [Mathey, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polkovnikov, A.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Mathey, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009 FU US-AFOSR YIP; Sloan Foundation; NSF [DMR-0907039, PHY-0822671]; NRC/NIST; Boston University FX The authors acknowledge useful discussions with A. H. Castro Neto and E. Altman. A. P. was supported by US-AFOSR YIP, Sloan Foundation, and NSF Grant No. DMR-0907039. L. M. acknowledges support from NRC/NIST, NSF Physics Frontier Grant No. PHY-0822671 and Boston University visitor's program. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 041601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.041601 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000017 ER PT J AU Meyer, ER Bohn, JL AF Meyer, Edmund R. Bohn, John L. TI Electron electric-dipole-moment searches based on alkali-metal- or alkaline-earth-metal-bearing molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE association; excited states; ground states; laser cooling; molecular moments; photochemistry; potential energy surfaces; ytterbium compounds AB We introduce four new molecules-YbRb, YbCs, YbSr(+), and YbBa(+)-that may prove fruitful in experimental searches for the electric-dipole moment (EDM) of the electron. These molecules can, in principle, be prepared at extremely low temperatures by photoassociating ultracold atoms and therefore may present an advantage over molecular-beam experiments. Here we discuss properties of these molecules and assess the effective electric fields they contribute to an electron EDM measurement. C1 [Meyer, Edmund R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meyer, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM meyere@murphy.colorado.edu FU NSF FX We wish to acknowledge D. DeMille for bringing Yb-containing molecules to our attention, an anonymous referee for a crucial observation, and the NSF for financial support. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 042508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.042508 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000084 ER PT J AU Norris, DG Cahoon, EJ Orozco, LA AF Norris, D. G. Cahoon, E. J. Orozco, L. A. TI Atom detection in a two-mode optical cavity with intermediate coupling: Autocorrelation studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE excited states; Faraday effect; light polarisation; quantum optics; spontaneous emission ID RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; INTENSITY CORRELATIONS; NUMBER FLUCTUATIONS; SINGLE ATOMS; BISTABILITY; MULTIATOM; DYNAMICS; MODE AB We use an optical cavity in the regime of intermediate coupling between atom and cavity mode to detect single moving atoms. Degenerate polarization modes allow excitation of the atoms in one mode and collection of spontaneous emission in the other while keeping separate the two sources of light; we obtain a higher confidence and efficiency of detection by adding cavity-enhanced Faraday rotation. Both methods greatly benefit from coincidence detection of photons, attaining fidelities in excess of 99% in less than 1 mu s. Detailed studies of the second-order intensity autocorrelation function of light from the signal mode reveal evidence of antibunched photon emissions and the dynamics of single-atom transits. C1 [Norris, D. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Norris, DG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 FU National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. We are grateful to PicoQuant Photonics for their loan of the PicoHarp 300 time-correlated single photon counting module. We thank interactions with M. L. Terraciano, J. Jing, R. Olson Knell, and A. Fern~ndez at the early stages of this work. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 043830 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.043830 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000186 ER PT J AU Reader, J Wyart, JF AF Reader, Joseph Wyart, Jean-Francois TI Observation of inner-shell-excited configurations in triply ionized cerium Ce3+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE cerium; excited states; fine structure; HF calculations; inner-shell ionisation; least squares approximations; positive ions ID ENERGY-LEVELS; Y-IV; SPECTRUM; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; CEIV; VI AB We report wavelength measurements and energy levels for the three-times ionized cerium atom Ce3+. The spectrum is that of a simple one-electron atom overlaid with a more complex three-electron spectrum originating from the excitation of an electron in the inner closed shell to the valence shell. The data provide energy levels for the inner-shell-excited configurations 5p(5)4f5d and 5p(5)4f6s and solve a long-standing puzzle regarding the fine structure of the 5p(6)6d configuration, which is known to be anomalously large and inverted. The data show that this anomalous fine structure is the result of interaction between 5p(6)6d and the inner-shell-excited configuration 5p(5)4f5d. The results are supported by Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels. From our observed 5p(6)6g configuration, we determine the ionization energy as 297670 +/- 70 cm(-1) (36.906 +/- 0.009 eV). C1 [Reader, Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wyart, Jean-Francois] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Reader, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy FX One of us (J.F.W.) is grateful to NIST for the support of a visit to Gaithersburg in the final stages of this work. Work at NIST was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 042517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.042517 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000093 ER PT J AU Song, QH Fang, W Liu, BY Ho, ST Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Song, Qinghai Fang, Wei Liu, Boyang Ho, Seng-Tiong Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui TI Chaotic microcavity laser with high quality factor and unidirectional output SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE laser beams; laser modes; microcavity lasers; optical chaos; Q-factor; semiconductor lasers; spontaneous emission ID DYNAMICAL LOCALIZATION; DIRECTIONAL EMISSION; MICRODISK LASERS; QUANTUM DOTS; MICROLASERS; RESONATORS; CAVITIES; SHAPE AB We demonstrate a chaotic microcavity laser whose quality is comparable to typical nonchaotic microcavity lasers, yet it has the unique characteristic of unidirectional output. The cavity shape is a disk with the boundary defined by a curve called limaccedilon of Pascal. For a lasing mode of volume less than 0.2 mu m(3), the measured quality factor is 23 000. The record-high quality and small modal volume result in extremely low-lasing threshold. The spontaneous emission coupling efficiency is approximately 6% and is the reported value for a chaotic microcavity laser. All the lasing modes have one output beam in the same direction with a divergence angle less than 40 degrees. This universal directionality is determined by the chaotic ray dynamics in the open cavity. C1 [Song, Qinghai; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Fang, Wei; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, Wei; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Boyang; Ho, Seng-Tiong] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu RI Ho, Seng-Tiong/B-7172-2009; Fang, Wei/B-3794-2010; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Song, Qinghai/C-2197-2014 OI Fang, Wei/0000-0002-6511-3570; FU NIST [70NANB6H6162]; NSF [DMR0808937] FX We acknowledge Professor A. D. Stone for fruitful discussions and critical reading of this Rapid Communication. We also thank Professor J. Wiersig, Professor E. Bogomolny, and Dr. M. Hentschel for stimulating discussions. This work was supported partly by NIST under the Grant No. 70NANB6H6162 and by NSF under the Grant No. DMR0808937. NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 041807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.041807 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000028 ER PT J AU Wildfeuer, CF Pearlman, AJ Chen, J Fan, JY Migdall, A Dowling, JP AF Wildfeuer, Christoph F. Pearlman, Aaron J. Chen, Jun Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan Dowling, Jonathan P. TI Resolution and sensitivity of a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a photon-number-resolving detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE Fabry-Perot interferometers; photodetectors; quantum optics ID OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY; QUANTUM; STATISTICS; EFFICIENCY; STATES AB With photon-number resolving detectors, we show compression of interference fringes with increasing photon numbers for a Fabry-Perot interferometer. This feature provides a higher precision in determining the position of the interference maxima compared to a classical detection strategy. We also theoretically show supersensitivity if N-photon states are sent into the interferometer and a photon-number resolving measurement is performed. C1 [Wildfeuer, Christoph F.; Dowling, Jonathan P.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hearne Inst Theoret Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pearlman, Aaron J.; Chen, Jun; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Jun; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wildfeuer, CF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hearne Inst Theoret Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM wildfeuer@phys.lsu.edu RI DOWLING, JONATHAN/L-2749-2013; Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Sensors Program; MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems ARO/IARPA; IARPA Entangled Source; Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Programs FX C. F. W. and J. P. D. acknowledge the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Sensors Program. A. J. P., J. C., J. F., and A. M. acknowledge the MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems ARO/IARPA, the IARPA Entangled Source, and the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Programs for their support. We thank H. Lee, N. Sauer, W. W. Johnson, S. Polyakov, and S. W. Nam for very helpful comments. C. F. W. thanks all the members of the optical technology division at NIST, Gaithersburg for their generous hospitality. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 AR 043822 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.043822 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 513VB UT WOS:000271351000178 ER PT J AU Adjaoud, O Steinle-Neumann, G Burton, BP van de Walle, A AF Adjaoud, O. Steinle-Neumann, G. Burton, B. P. van de Walle, A. TI First-principles phase diagram calculations for the HfC-TiC, ZrC-TiC, and HfC-ZrC solid solutions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; CARBIDES; SYSTEMS; METALS AB We report first-principles phase diagram calculations for the binary systems HfC-TiC, TiC-ZrC, and HfC-ZrC. Formation energies for superstructures of various bulk compositions were computed with a plane-wave pseudopotential method. They in turn were used as a basis for fitting cluster expansion Hamiltonians, both with and without approximations for excess vibrational free energies. Significant miscibility gaps are predicted for the systems TiC-ZrC and HfC-TiC, with consolute temperatures in excess of 2000 K. The HfC-ZrC system is predicted to be completely miscibile down to 185 K. Reductions in consolute temperature due to excess vibrational free energy are estimated to be similar to 7%, similar to 20%, and similar to 0%, for HfC-TiC, TiC-ZrC, and HfC-ZrC, respectively. Predicted miscibility gaps are symmetric for HfC-ZrC, almost symmetric for HfC-TiC and asymmetric for TiC-ZrC. C1 [Adjaoud, O.; Steinle-Neumann, G.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Burton, B. P.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [van de Walle, A.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Adjaoud, O (reprint author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Sect 3-3, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM adjaoud@gfz-potsdam.de RI Steinle-Neumann, Gerd/D-8805-2012; van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 FU Bavaria California Technology Center (BaCaTe); U. S. National Science Foundation; NCSA; SDSC [TG-DMR050013N]; U. S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administratio [DE-FC52-08NA28613] FX This work was in part supported by the Graduate School "Oxides" in the Elite Netzwerk Bayern, funded by the State of Bavaria. The collaboration between GSN and AvdW has been supported by the Bavaria California Technology Center (BaCaTe). A. v. d. W. was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by NCSA and SDSC under Grant No. TG-DMR050013N and by the U. S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Grant No. DE-FC52-08NA28613. We greatly appreciate helpful discussion with David Dolejs, Dan Frost, and Nico de Koker. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 13 AR 134112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.134112 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VE UT WOS:000271351300031 ER PT J AU Hong, T Custelcean, R Sales, BC Roessli, B Singh, DK Zheludev, A AF Hong, Tao Custelcean, R. Sales, B. C. Roessli, B. Singh, D. K. Zheludev, A. TI Synthesis and structural characterization of 2Dioxane center dot 2H(2)O center dot CuCl2: Metal-organic compound with Heisenberg antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM SPIN CHAINS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; EXCITATION CONTINUUM; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; KCUF3; FIELD AB A metal-organic compound 2Dioxane center dot 2H(2)O center dot CuCl2 has been synthesized and structurally characterized by x-ray crystallography. Magnetic susceptibility and zero-field inelastic neutron scattering have also been used to study its magnetic properties. It turns out that this material is a weakly coupled one-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain system with chain direction along the crystallographic c axis and the nearest-neighbor intrachain exchange constant J=0.85(4) meV. The next-nearest-neighbor interchain exchange constant J' is also estimated to be 0.05 meV. The observed magnetic excitation spectrum from inelastic neutron scattering is in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on the Muller ansatz. C1 [Hong, Tao; Custelcean, R.; Sales, B. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Roessli, B.; Zheludev, A.] ETHZ, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Roessli, B.; Zheludev, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Singh, D. K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hongt@ornl.gov RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972 FU DOE BES Division of Scientific User Facilities; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442, DMR-0086210, DMR-0454672] FX One of the authors T. Hong thanks the helpful discussion with M. B. Stone. Part of this work has been performed at the Paul Scherrer Institut. Research at ORNL was supported by the DOE BES Division of Scientific User Facilities. The work at NIST is supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreements No. DMR-9986442, No. DMR-0086210, and No. DMR-0454672. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 13 AR 132404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.132404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VE UT WOS:000271351300010 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Chi, SX Chen, Y Rana, KG Nigam, AK Thamizhavel, A Ratcliff, W Dhar, SK Lynn, JW AF Kumar, Neeraj Chi, Songxue Chen, Ying Rana, Kumari Gaurav Nigam, A. K. Thamizhavel, A. Ratcliff, William, II Dhar, S. K. Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Evolution of the bulk properties, structure, magnetic order, and superconductivity with Ni doping in CaFe(2-x)NixAs(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; FIELD AB Magnetization, susceptibility, specific heat, resistivity, neutron and x-ray diffraction have been used to characterize the properties of single-crystalline CaFe2-xNixAs2 as a function of Ni doping for x varying from 0 to 0.1. The combined first-order structural and magnetic phase transitions occur together in the undoped system at 172 K with a small decrease in the area of the a-b plane along with an abrupt increase in the length of the c axis in the orthorhombic phase. With increasing x the ordered moment and transition temperature decrease but the transition remains sharp at modest doping while the area of the a-b plane quickly decreases and then saturates. Warming and cooling data in the resistivity and neutron diffraction indicate hysteresis of approximate to 2 K. At larger doping the transition is more rounded and decreases to zero for x approximate to 0.06. The susceptibility is anisotropic for all values of x. Electrical resistivity for x=0.053 and 0.06 shows a superconducting transition with an onset of nearly 15 K which is further corroborated by substantial diamagnetic susceptibility. For the fully superconducting sample there is no long-range magnetic order and the structure remains tetragonal at all temperature but there is an anomalous increase in the area of the a-b plane in going to low T. Heat-capacity data show that the density of states at the Fermi level increases for x >= 0.053 as inferred from the value of Sommerfeld coefficient gamma. The regime of superconductivity is quite restrictive with a maximum T-C of 15 K and an upper critical field H-c2=14 T. Superconductivity disappears in the overdoped region. C1 [Chi, Songxue; Chen, Ying; Ratcliff, William, II; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, Neeraj; Rana, Kumari Gaurav; Nigam, A. K.; Thamizhavel, A.; Dhar, S. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Chi, Songxue; Chen, Ying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/A-1801-2011; Kumar, Neeraj/E-4453-2010; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/0000-0003-1679-4370; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 14 AR 144524 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.144524 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VG UT WOS:000271351500108 ER PT J AU Malkova, N Bryant, GW Polyakov, S Migdall, A AF Malkova, Natalia Bryant, Garnett W. Polyakov, Sergey Migdall, Alan TI Effect of surface modes on photon traversal through stop bands of dielectric stacks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FINITE; TIME; PROPAGATION; SOLITONS; MEDIA AB We investigate the Hartman saturation effect of photons traveling through barriers created by stop bands of multilayer stacks. We provide a theoretical basis for the recently observed drastic changes in photon transversal times due to adding a single layer. Using a comprehensive coupled mode analysis and rigorous transfer matrix approach, we show that the experimentally observed effect is caused by surface modes. We investigate the origin and properties of the surface modes and identify them as Tamm-type states. C1 [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett W.; Polyakov, Sergey; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malkova, N (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nmalkova@nist.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 16 AR 165127 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.165127 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VL UT WOS:000271352100063 ER PT J AU Mircea, DI Xu, H Anlage, SM AF Mircea, Dragos I. Xu, Hua Anlage, Steven M. TI Phase-sensitive harmonic measurements of microwave nonlinearities in cuprate thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING MICROSTRIP RESONATOR; PARAMAGNETIC IMPURITIES; ORDER-PARAMETER; RELAXATION-TIME; CONDUCTIVITY; INTERMODULATION; FLUCTUATION; GENERATION; EQUATIONS AB Investigations of the intrinsic electromagnetic nonlinearity of superconductors give insight into the fundamental physics of these materials. Phase-sensitive third-order harmonic-voltage data (u) over tilde (3f)=|u(3f)|exp(i phi 3f) are acquired with a near-field microwave microscope on homogeneous YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)-delta thin films in a temperature range close to the critical temperature T(c). As temperature is increased from below T(c), the harmonic magnitude exhibits a maximum while the phase pi/2 in the superconducting state goes through a minimum. It is found that samples with doping ranges from near optimal (delta=0.16) to underdoped (delta=0.47) exhibit different behavior in terms of both the harmonic magnitude and phase. In optimally doped samples, the harmonic magnitude reaches its maximum at a temperature T(M) slightly lower than that associated with the minimum of phase T(m) and drops into the noisefloor as soon as T(m) is exceeded. In underdoped samples T(M) is shifted toward lower temperatures with respect to T(m) and the harmonic-voltage magnitude decreases slower with temperature than in the case of optimally doped samples. A field-based analytical model of (u) over tilde (3f) is presented, where the nonlinear behavior is introduced as corrections to the low-field linear-response complex conductivity. The model reproduces the low-temperature regime where the sigma(2) nonlinearity dominates, in agreement with published theoretical and experimental results. Additionally the model identifies T(m) as the temperature where the order-parameter relaxation time becomes comparable to the microwave probing period and reproduces semiquantitatively the experimental data. C1 [Mircea, Dragos I.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. [Xu, Hua] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Anlage, Steven M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mircea, DI (reprint author), Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, 3403 Yerba Buena Rd, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RI Xu, Hua/D-5217-2009 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-GOALI DMR-0201261] FX We acknowledge useful conversations on nonlinear phase measurements with Mario Mule and O. J. Danzy from Agilent and for the analytical model with Anatoly Utkin from the Institute of Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-GOALI DMR-0201261. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 14 AR 144505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.144505 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VG UT WOS:000271351500089 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Cecil, T Silva, TJ Russek, SE AF Schneider, M. L. Rippard, W. H. Pufall, M. R. Cecil, T. Silva, T. J. Russek, S. E. TI Temperature dependence of spin-torque-driven self-oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We have measured the temperature dependence of spin-torque-driven self-oscillations in point-contact nano-oscillators for both in-plane and out-of-plane applied fields. We find that the linewidth for both field geometries is qualitatively similar. In the absence of observable low-frequency noise, at high temperatures the linewidth decreases roughly linearly as the temperature decreases. However, extrapolation of the quasilinear region to a zero-temperature linewidth intercept can yield either a positive or negative value. This variation in the zero-temperature linewidth intercept indicates that a range of mechanisms must be involved in setting the linewidth. When 1/f noise is present in the device power spectrum, the linewidth varies quasiexponentially with temperature. While the linewidth versus temperature behavior is similar for both in-plane and out-of-plane applied fields, their output power versus current variation with temperature is qualitatively different. C1 [Schneider, M. L.] Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Rippard, W. H.; Pufall, M. R.; Cecil, T.; Silva, T. J.; Russek, S. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schneider, ML (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX This work was supported in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 14 AR 144412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.144412 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VG UT WOS:000271351500069 ER PT J AU Tewary, VK AF Tewary, V. K. TI Extending the time scale in molecular dynamics simulations: Propagation of ripples in graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB A technique using causal Green's function is proposed for extending and bridging multiple time scales in molecular dynamics for modeling time-dependent processes at the atomistic level in nanomaterials and other physical, chemical, and biological systems. The technique is applied to model propagation of a pulse in a one-dimensional lattice of nonlinear oscillators and ripples in graphene from femtoseconds to microseconds. It is shown that, at least in the vibration problems, the technique can accelerate the convergence of molecular dynamics and extend the time scales by eight orders of magnitude. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tewary, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tewary@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 16 AR 161409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.161409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VL UT WOS:000271352100033 ER PT J AU Yang, SA Li, XQ Bristow, AD Sipe, JE AF Yang, Shengyuan A. Li, Xiaoqin Bristow, Alan D. Sipe, J. E. TI Second harmonic generation from tetragonal centrosymmetric crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY; SURFACE OPTICS; HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACES; BOUNDARY; SYMMETRY AB We present a phenomenological theory of second harmonic generation (SHG) from tetragonal centrosymmetric crystals. It includes the lowest order bulk response, which is of electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole symmetry, and the lowest order surface response, which is of electric dipole symmetry. Based on the symmetry properties of the nonlinear response tensor, complete expressions are obtained for the SHG expected in reflection from a crystal with a (001) surface orientation. We suggest experimental configurations that can be used to extract particular tensor elements. We find that dichroism is present in SHG from tetragonal centrosymmetric crystals, although the crystal is not chiral. C1 [Yang, Shengyuan A.; Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bristow, Alan D.; Sipe, J. E.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Inst Opt Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Yang, SA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Yang, Shengyuan/L-2848-2014 OI Yang, Shengyuan/0000-0001-6003-1501 FU NSF [DMR-0747822]; ONR [N00014-08-1-0745]; Welch Foundation [F-1662]; Texas-ARP [003658-0160-2007]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We are grateful to Junwei Wei, Alex Demkov, and Steve Cundiff for valuable discussions. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following sources: NSF under Grant No. DMR-0747822, ONR under Grant No. N00014-08-1-0745, Welch Foundation under Grant No. F-1662, Texas-ARP under Grant No. 003658-0160-2007, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 16 AR 165306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.165306 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 513VL UT WOS:000271352100081 ER PT J AU Freon, P Aristegui, J Bertrand, A Crawford, RJM Field, JC Gibbons, MJ Tam, J Hutchings, L Masski, H Mullon, C Ramdani, M Seret, B Simieri, M AF Freon, Pierre Aristegui, Javier Bertrand, Arnaud Crawford, Robert J. M. Field, John C. Gibbons, Mark J. Tam, Jorge Hutchings, Larry Masski, Hicham Mullon, Christian Ramdani, Mohamed Seret, Bernard Simieri, Monique TI Functional group biodiversity in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems questions the wasp-waist trophic structure SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID HUMBOLDT CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-RINGENS; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PELAGIC FISHES; BETA-DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; SARDINE; OCEAN AB The species diversity of the four major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems (EBUEs) is studied and compared with the aim of better understanding their functioning. Functional groups (FGs) of organisms were defined according to their taxonomy, body size and trophic level (TL), and span from plankton to top predators. Four large sub-divisions are defined in each system: two latitudinal sub-divisions (north and south) and two zonal sub-divisions (inshore and offshore), resulting in four sub-ecosystems per EBUE. A semi-quantitative approach is used in which only the dominant species (contributing 90% of overall biomass) are considered. EBUEs are compared in regard to their species composition, dominant species richness and evenness within FGs. The data are interpreted, focusing on latitudinal, zonal and depth gradients of diversity. Trophic flows (inflow and outflow) through the small pelagic fish FG are derived from different Ecopath models. This analysis of the four ecosystems and their sub-divisions does not provide support for the expected wasp-waist food web structure and functioning, with a single or several species of small pelagic fish primarily channelling the energy flow from lower to higher TL. Instead, similar low levels of richness were observed in many FGs of intermediate TL, allowing several energy transfer pathways. The gamma diversity is high due to the geographical distance between EBUEs and the presence or absence of rivers, but not to differences in their latitudinal position. The beta diversity is also high, due to the same factors plus the variation in shelf width and the contrast between inshore and offshore subdivisions. The differences in richness and evenness among EBUEs are minor and do not explain the higher secondary and tertiary productivity of the Humboldt ecosystem. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Freon, Pierre; Bertrand, Arnaud; Mullon, Christian] CRHMT Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, ECO UP UR097, F-34203 Sete, France. [Freon, Pierre; Bertrand, Arnaud; Tam, Jorge] IMARPE, Callao, Peru. [Aristegui, Javier] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Ciencias Mar, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Islas Canarias, Spain. [Crawford, Robert J. M.; Hutchings, Larry] Dept Environm Affairs & Tourism, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Field, John C.] NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Gibbons, Mark J.] Univ Western Cape, BCB Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Masski, Hicham] INRH, Casablanca, Morocco. [Ramdani, Mohamed] Univ Mohammed 5, Inst Sci, Rabat 10106, Morocco. [Seret, Bernard] Inst Rech Dev, MHN, Dept Systemat & Evolut, USM 602, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Simieri, Monique] CRHMT Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, RAP UR070, F-34203 Sete, France. RP Freon, P (reprint author), CRHMT Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, Inst Rech Dev, ECO UP UR097, Ave Jean Monnet,BP 171, F-34203 Sete, France. EM pfreon@ird.fr RI FREON, Pierre/F-9740-2010; Bertrand, Arnaud/E-4251-2010; Gibbons, Mark/A-8806-2008; Aristegui, Javier/D-5833-2013; hicham, masski/F-4911-2015; OI Bertrand, Arnaud/0000-0003-4723-179X; hicham, masski/0000-0002-2863-4107; Tam, Jorge/0000-0001-8224-4313; Simier, Monique/0000-0002-8436-5925 FU EC [511106]; IRD [UR097] FX This is a contribution of the EUR-OCEANS network of excellence, EC Contract No. 511106 and of the ECO-UP program (UR097) of IRD. We would not have been able to complete the project without help from the following persons: Bill Peterson, Dave Mackas, Moira Galbraith, Mark Ohman, Bertha Lavaniegos, Ismael Garate and Aida Martinez Campos for the California Current; Ruben Escribano, Elisa Goya, Patricia Ayon, Miguel Romero andCarmen Morales for the Humboldt system; Deon Louw for the Northern Namibia system, and jenny Huggett for the Southern Benguela system: Alain Fonteneau and Francis Marsac who provided us information on tunas; Rainer Froese who compiled TL and Lm data from FishBase and Dave Checkley who made useful editorial corrections. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.034 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 539GO UT WOS:000273242100007 ER PT J AU Messie, M Ledesma, J Kolber, DD Michisaki, RP Foley, DG Chavez, FP AF Messie, Monique Ledesma, Jesus Kolber, Dorota D. Michisaki, Reiko P. Foley, David G. Chavez, Francisco P. TI Potential new production estimates in four eastern boundary upwelling ecosystems SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WIND-STRESS CURL; EKMAN TRANSPORT; CALIFORNIA; CHLOROPHYLL; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; NITRATE; CYCLE AB Nitrate supply by coastal upwelling has been estimated for four eastern boundary regions (Benguela, California, Northwest Africa and Peru) by combining surface winds measured from space and in situ vertical nitrate profiles. We use a QuikSCAT 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees weekly wind product to assess the seasonal vertical transport induced by wind forcing. The calculation is made from the coast to 150 km offshore and the wind-driven upwelling is partitioned into that contributed by Ekman transport and pumping. We assume that on the upwelling event time scale (days) the water brought to the surface originates from a depth of 60 m. Seasonal climatologies are used to estimate in situ nitrate concentration at 60 m, and nitrate supply is calculated as the product of nitrate concentration times the vertical transport obtained from QuikSCAT. This represents the potential new production, i.e. the amount of nitrate available for phytoplankton primary production, for each region. We find that Benguela, Northwest Africa and Peru have similar levels of nitrate supply and potential new production while California has about 60% of the other three. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Messie, Monique; Kolber, Dorota D.; Michisaki, Reiko P.; Chavez, Francisco P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Ledesma, Jesus] Inst Mar Peru, Callao, Peru. [Foley, David G.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Foley, David G.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Messie, M (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. EM monique@mbari.org RI Messie, Monique/K-2022-2012 OI Messie, Monique/0000-0002-4985-3413 FU NASA [NNA07CN11A]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We thank all the institutions that provided in situ data and Brian Schlining (MBARI) for processing ADCP data used in Fig. 4. QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. Data are available at www.remss.com. This work was supported by NASA Grant NNA07CN11A and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.018 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 539GO UT WOS:000273242100013 ER PT J AU Barange, M Coetzee, J Takasuka, A Hill, K Gutierrez, M Oozeki, Y van der Lingen, C Agostini, V AF Barange, Manuel Coetzee, Janet Takasuka, Akinori Hill, Kevin Gutierrez, Mariano Oozeki, Yoshioki van der Lingen, Carl Agostini, Vera TI Habitat expansion and contraction in anchovy and sardine populations SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID AFRICAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PELAGIC FISH POPULATIONS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; PACIFIC SARDINE; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; SPATIAL DYNAMICS; NORTHERN ANCHOVY AB We investigated the relationships between stock biomass, distribution area and mean density of sardine and anchovy populations off California, Peru, South Africa and Japan. Our objective was to elucidate whether their ecological responses to habitat availability and use would support the possibility of them developing synchronic, alternating biomass fluctuations. Results indicate that as populations of both species grow in size, both the area they occupy and their packing density increase, generally consistent with the basin model. The relationship between distribution area and stock biomass is allometric, which implies that there is a limit to the stock expansion to new areas. Patterns of space occupation appear to differ between sardine and anchovy in some regions. In South Africa and Japan anchovy occupies larger area per unit biomass than sardine, consistent with habitat requirements as determined by their feeding ecology. Off California and Peru results confirm that in general species expand their distribution area with stock size, but specific patterns are less clear. Reasons for this are discussed, including sampling biases, the role of upwelling in limiting anchovy's habitat off Peru, the ability of sardine to use offshore habitats off California, as well as possible differential space occupation patterns during population growth and decline. It is suggested that habitat availability may not be a pre-requisite for sardine growth in some areas, while anchovy may require habitat to become available for populations to grow. The differential habitat dependency and use of space between both species suggests that they cannot be considered to ecologically replace each other. While differences in space utilization may provide opportunities for diverging population paths, the ecological mechanisms behind out-of-phase fluctuations may be much more complex than a simple replacement. The results provide the first comparative, quantitative estimates of biomass/area relationships for pelagic fish, of use in models investigating the potential for expansion and contraction of anchovy and sardine populations worldwide based on climate change-driven habitat predictions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Barange, Manuel] Plymouth Marine Lab, GLOBEC Int Project Off, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Coetzee, Janet; van der Lingen, Carl] Marine & Coastal Management, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Takasuka, Akinori; Oozeki, Yoshioki] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. [Hill, Kevin] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Gutierrez, Mariano] TASA, Callao, Peru. [van der Lingen, Carl] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Agostini, Vera] Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Initiat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Barange, M (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, GLOBEC Int Project Off, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. EM m.barange@pml.ac.uk RI Barange, Manuel/D-2689-2016 OI Barange, Manuel/0000-0002-1508-0483 FU GLOBEC; EUROCEANS network of excellence FX The authors would like to thank the agencies responsible for the monitoring and biomass estimation of anchovy and sardine in the areas studied for making such a comparative work possible. The lead author acknowledges support from GLOBEC and the EUROCEANS network of excellence to fund a short stay at IRD, See, France, where this analysis was conducted. The comments of Drs Dave Checkley (UCSD, USA), Larry Hutchings (MCM. South Africa) and Alec MacCall (NMFS, USA) were greatly appreciated. NR 69 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.027 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 539GO UT WOS:000273242100024 ER PT J AU Keister, JE Cowles, TJ Peterson, WT Morgan, CA AF Keister, J. E. Cowles, T. J. Peterson, W. T. Morgan, C. A. TI Do upwelling filaments result in predictable biological distributions in coastal upwelling ecosystems? SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; CENTRAL OREGON COAST; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; COPEPOD COMMUNITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRANSITION ZONE; POINT ARENA; ZOOPLANKTON AB We used satellite sea surface temperature (SST) images and in situ zooplankton data collected in four summers of field sampling in the northern California Current to address the question: Can the physical variables that indicate advective mesoscale circulation features (e.g. upwelling filaments) be used to infer biological distributions? Transects were selected from research cruises conducted when upwelling filaments were present in our study region and compared to transects occupied when filaments were not present. The hydrography and distribution of several indicator species of copepods were examined along each transect. SST in filaments ranged from 1.5 degrees C to 3.0 degrees C lower than the surrounding ocean water. Distributions of coastal and oceanic taxa reflected the SST patterns. Coastal taxa occurred offshore in higher abundances in cold upwelling filaments than in the surrounding warm ocean water. In contrast, species with oceanic and sub-tropical affinities were most abundant where warm surface water was present. Biomass and species abundances varied substantially among cruises and locations and so could not be quantitatively predicted by SST patterns. However, upwelling filaments consistently expanded the across-shelf region in which high zooplankton biomass occurred, 'spreading' the biomass from the continental shelf into offshore regions of the upwelling system. We conclude with a discussion of the sampling strategies necessary to capture ecosystem variability caused by these dynamic circulation features. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Keister, J. E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA USA. [Cowles, T. J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, W. T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Morgan, C. A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Keister, JE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Box 357940, Seattle, WA USA. EM jkeister@u.washington.edu RI Keister, Julie/J-8720-2012 OI Keister, Julie/0000-0002-9385-5889 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1362]; NSF [OCE-0435619, OCE-0814698]; NOAA [NA860130589]; National Science Foundation; NOAA FX We thank R. Emmett, A. Huyer, and R. Smith for heading the 'Anchovy' and GLOBEC programs, C. Wingard and J. Fleischbein for processing CTD data, the captains and crew of the RV Sea Otter, RV McArthur, RV Wecoma, and RV New Horizon, and the many scientists who assisted with data collection at sea, particularly Paul Bentley. Support for JEK was partially provided through Oregon State University's Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, award NA17RJ1362 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US Department of Commerce (DOC) and through GLOBEC on NSF grants OCE-0435619, and OCE-0814698. WTP was funded through NOAA Grant # NA860130589. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the DOC. This paper is contribution # 611 from the US GLOBEC program, jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and NOAA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.042 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 539GO UT WOS:000273242100030 ER PT J AU Vallis, GK Farneti, R AF Vallis, Geoffrey K. Farneti, Riccardo TI Meridional energy transport in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system: Scaling and numerical experiments SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE climate dynamics; coupled atmosphere-ocean models; climate theory ID POLEWARD HEAT-TRANSPORT; AQUAPLANET MOIST GCM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MODEL; CLIMATE; SUPERROTATION; VARIABILITY; PYCNOCLINE; ADJUSTMENT AB We explore meridional energy transfer in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system, with a focus on the extratropics. We present various elementary scaling arguments for the partitioning of the energy transfer between atmosphere and ocean, and illustrate those arguments by numerical experimentation. The numerical experiments are designed to explore the effects of changing various properties of the ocean (its size, geometry and diapycnal diffusivity), the atmosphere (its water vapour content) and the forcing of the system (the distribution of incoming solar radiation and the rotation rate of the planet). We find that the energy transport associated with wind-driven ocean gyres is closely coupled to the energy transport of the midlatitude atmosphere so that, for example, the heat transport of both systems scales in approximately the same way with the meridional temperature gradient in midlatitudes. On the other hand, the deep circulation of the ocean is not tightly coupled with the atmosphere and its energy transport varies in a different fashion. Although for present-day conditions the atmosphere transports more energy polewards than does the ocean, we find that a wider or more diffusive ocean is able to transport more energy than the atmosphere. The polewards energy transport of the ocean is smaller in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere; this arises because of the effects of a circumpolar channel on the deep overturning circulation. The atmosphere is able to compensate for changes in oceanic heat transport due to changes in diapycnal diffusivity or geometry, but we find that the compensation is not perfect. We also find that the transports of both atmosphere and ocean decrease if the planetary rotation rate increases substantially, indicating that there is no a priori constraint on the total meridional heat transport in the coupled system. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Vallis, Geoffrey K.; Farneti, Riccardo] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Vallis, GK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gkv@princeton.edu RI Farneti, Riccardo/A-7929-2010; Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011 FU NSF; NOAA FX We thank an anonymous reviewer for very useful and constructive criticism. The work was funded by the NSF and by NOAA. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 644 BP 1643 EP 1660 DI 10.1002/qj.498 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 520GZ UT WOS:000271832000001 ER PT J AU Montgomery, MT Van Sang, N Smith, RK Persing, J AF Montgomery, Michael T. Van Sang, Nguyen Smith, Roger K. Persing, John TI Do tropical cyclones intensify by WISHE? SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; typhoon; local buoyancy; vorticity; vortical hot tower ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; ATMOSPHERIC VORTICES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SIMPLE-MODEL; BOB 1991; CYCLOGENESIS; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY AB In this paper we seek and obtain a basic understanding of tropical cyclone intensification in three dimensions when precipitation and evaporative-cooling (warm rain) processes are included. Intensification with warm rain physics included is found to be dominated by highly localized deep convective structures possessing strong cyclonic vorticity in their cores - dubbed 'Vortical Hot Towers' (VHTs). Unlike previous studies, the findings herein suggest all intensification pathway that is distinct from the 'evaporation-wind' feedback mechanism known as wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE), which requires a positive feedback between the azimuthal-mean boundary-layer equivalent potential temperature and the azimuthal-mean surface wind speed underneath the eyewall of the storm. Intensification from a finite-amplitude initial vortex is shown to not require this evaporation-wind feedback process. Indeed, when the Surface wind speed in the sea-to-air vapour fluxes is capped at a nominal (trade-wind) Value, the vortex still intensifies by the same pathway identified in the main experiments via the generation of locally buoyant VHTs and the near-surface convergence that the VHTs induce within the boundary layer. The present findings and interpretations challenge the prevailing view that tropical cyclones are premier examples of vortical systems arising from WISHE. Given the potential significance oil Our understanding of the dynamics of hurricanes, and given the limitations of the present modelling framework, further tests of these predictions are advocated. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Van Sang, Nguyen; Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Persing, John] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Montgomery, MT (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM mtmontgo@nps.edu NR 42 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 644 BP 1697 EP 1714 DI 10.1002/qj.459 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 520GZ UT WOS:000271832000005 ER PT J AU Bui, HH Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Peng, JY AF Bui, Hai Hoang Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Peng, Jiayi TI Balanced and unbalanced aspects of tropical cyclone intensification SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; typhoon; balance dynamics; boundary layer ID NUMERICAL SIMULATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; HURRICANE MODELS; EYE DYNAMICS; EDDY FLUXES; VORTEX; MOMENTUM; CYCLOGENESIS; CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERE AB We investigate the extent to which the azimuthally-averaged fields from a three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic, tropical cyclone model can be captured by axisymmetric balance theory. The secondary (overturning) circulation and balanced tendency for the primary circulation are obtained by solving a general form of the Sawyer-Eliassen equation with the diabatic heating, eddy heat fluxes and tangential momentum sources (eddy momentum fluxes, boundary-layer friction and subgrid-scale diffusion) diagnosed from the model. The Occurrence of regions of weak symmetric instability at low levels and in the Upper-tropospheric outflow layer requires a regularization procedure so that the Sawyer-Eliassen equation remains elliptic. The balanced calculations presented capture a major fraction of the azimuthally-averaged secondary circulation of the three-dimensional simulation except in the boundary layer, where the balanced assumption breaks down and where there is an inward agradient force. In particular, the balance theory is shown to significantly underestimate the low-level radial inflow and therefore the maximum azimuthal-mean tangential wind tendency. In the balance theory, the diabatic forcing associated with the eyewall convection accounts for a large fraction of the secondary circulation. The findings herein underscore both the utility of axisymmetric balance theory and also its limitations in describing the axisymmetric intensification physics of a tropical cyclone vortex. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Bui, Hai Hoang] Vietnam Natl Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Montgomery, Michael T.; Peng, Jiayi] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de RI Bui, Hai/F-3478-2017 OI Bui, Hai/0000-0003-4485-0325 FU US Office of Naval Research [N0001403-1-0185]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0715426, ATM-0 649 943, ATM-0 649 944, ATM-0 649 946] FX This research was supported in part by grant No. N0001403-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research and by National Science Foundation grants ATM-0715426, ATM-0 649 943, ATM-0 649 944, and ATM-0 649 946. The first author is grateful for travel support provided by the German Research Council (DFG) as part of the project 'Improved quantitative precipitation forecasting in Vietnam'. NR 37 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 644 BP 1715 EP 1731 DI 10.1002/qj.502 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 520GZ UT WOS:000271832000006 ER PT J AU Ravel, B Slimmer, SC Meng, X Wong, GCL Lu, Y AF Ravel, B. Slimmer, S. C. Meng, X. Wong, G. C. L. Lu, Y. TI EXAFS studies of catalytic DNA sensors for mercury contamination of water SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International School and Symposium on Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science (ISSRNS-9) CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Ameliowka, POLAND SP Polish Synchrotron Radiat Soc, PAS, Inst Phys DE EXAFS; DNA; Sensor; Mercury; Contamination ID T BASE-PAIRS; HG-II; SENSITIVITY; SELECTIVITY; IFEFFIT; DUPLEX; IONS AB Monitoring of metallic contaminants in domestic and agricultural water systems requires technology that is fast, flexible, sensitive, and selective. Recently, metal sensors based on catalytic DNA have been demonstrated as a practical monitoring solution. Very little is known, however, about the atomic scale interactions between the DNA-based sensors and the metal contaminant to which the sensor is targeted. Here, we present the results of an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of a mercury sensor which illustrates the nature of the Hg-DNA interaction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ravel, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slimmer, S. C.; Wong, G. C. L.; Lu, Y.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Meng, X.; Lu, Y.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wong, G. C. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wong, G. C. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bruce.ravel@nist.gov RI Lu, Yi/B-5461-2010 OI Lu, Yi/0000-0003-1221-6709 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 78 BP S75 EP S79 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.05.024 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 505KJ UT WOS:000270692000017 ER PT J AU Johnson, PM Stafford, CM AF Johnson, Peter M. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Surface indentation arrays for high-throughput analysis of viscoelastic material properties SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TIME-TEMPERATURE; HOUGH TRANSFORM; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; POLYMER BLEND; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOINDENTATION; SUPERPOSITION; RELAXATION AB Viscoelastic relaxation processes factor into polymer performance and stability throughout an application lifetime, controlled by the polymer network structure and dynamics which occur over a wide spectrum of time scales. In this work, we detail the design and operation of an independent array of surface indenters which can measure the creep response at multiple points on a polymer substrate. Samples with composition and temperature gradients are used to exhibit the ability to measure viscoelastic properties under unique conditions for each indentation. Methacrylate photopolymer systems are measured at different compositions and crosslink densities simultaneously within an indenter array to increase the measurement throughput, with a measured creep compliance ranging from 10(-9) Pa(-1) to 10(-5) Pa(-1). The application of temperature gradients allows for the viscoelastic measurements to be assembled onto a master curve using time-temperature superposition. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3247905] C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Research Council FX P.M.J. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate program. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 10 AR 103904 DI 10.1063/1.3247905 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 513YE UT WOS:000271359300027 PM 19895073 ER PT J AU Long, CJ Bunker, D Li, X Karen, VL Takeuchi, I AF Long, C. J. Bunker, D. Li, X. Karen, V. L. Takeuchi, I. TI Rapid identification of structural phases in combinatorial thin-film libraries using x-ray diffraction and non-negative matrix factorization SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; INORGANIC MATERIALS; INITIALIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB In this work we apply a technique called non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to the problem of analyzing hundreds of x-ray microdiffraction (mu XRD) patterns from a combinatorial materials library. An in-house scanning x-ray microdiffractometer is used to obtain mu XRD patterns from 273 different compositions on a single composition spread library. NMF is then used to identify the unique mu XRD patterns present in the system and quantify the contribution of each of these basis patterns to each experimental diffraction pattern. As a baseline, the results of NMF are compared to the results obtained using principle component analysis. The basis patterns found using NMF are then compared to reference patterns from a database of known structural patterns in order to identify known structures. As an example system, we explore a region of the Fe-Ga-Pd ternary system. The use of NMF in this case reduces the arduous task of analyzing hundreds of mu XRD patterns to the much smaller task of identifying only nine mu XRD patterns. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3216809] C1 [Long, C. J.; Takeuchi, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bunker, D.; Li, X.; Karen, V. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Long, CJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NIST; NSF MRSEC DMR [0520471]; ONR [N000140610530] FX This project is funded in part by NIST's Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) program. SIMA supports NIST projects applying information technologies and standards-based approaches to manufacturing software integration problems. D. Bunker was supported by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates program (Division of Materials Research). This work was supported by NSF MRSEC DMR Grant No. 0520471 and ONR Grant No. N000140610530. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 80 IS 10 AR 103902 DI 10.1063/1.3216809 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 513YE UT WOS:000271359300025 PM 19895071 ER PT J AU Coe, HJ Kiffney, PM Pess, GR Kloehn, KK Mchenry, ML AF Coe, Holly J. Kiffney, Peter M. Pess, George R. Kloehn, Kris K. Mchenry, Michael L. TI PERIPHYTON AND INVERTEBRATE RESPONSE TO WOOD PLACEMENT IN LARGE PACIFIC COASTAL RIVERS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE wood; large rivers; periphyton biomass; invertebrate community; meiofauna ID SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; HABITAT RESTORATION; BIOFILM DEVELOPMENT; STREAM RESTORATION; DEBRIS; MEIOFAUNA; REHABILITATION; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB Wood abundance in aquatic systems has been dramatically reduced compared to historical levels due to anthropogenic activities that led to wood removal and stream simplification. As a result, reintroduction of wood to aquatic systems is now a widely used and relatively well-studied restoration technique for increasing habitat complexity. Although stream periphyton (biofilm) and invertebrates serve as food sources for a variety of predators including fish, birds and bats, data on how lower trophic levels respond to wood placement are relatively scarce. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that periphyton biomass and aquatic invertebrate density were higher on Engineered Log Jams (ELJs) than on inorganic substrates in two large Pacific Northwest river systems. Among years and rivers, periphyton biomass and invertebrate densities were significantly higher on ELJs than on cobbles within the same reach. Invertebrate communities on ELJs were dominated by meiofauna (<500 mu m), whereas cobbles were dominated by larger chironomids. We attribute these trophic level differences to substrate type, as we did not detect taxonomic differences between cobbles in reaches with and without ELJs. We show that adding wood to reaches with little or no naturally occurring wood increased overall habitat surface area and thereby the potential for increased productivity relative to reaches with low levels of wood. Finally, wood supports a unique community of invertebrates that are often overlooked in lotic system studies but may be contributing substantially to overall biological diversity. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Coe, Holly J.; Kiffney, Peter M.; Pess, George R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kloehn, Kris K.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Mchenry, Michael L.] Elwha Fisheries Off, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. RP Coe, HJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Holly.Coe@noaa.gov FU Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB); NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted in collaboration with the Lower Elwha S'Klallam Tribe, US Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington Trout and is part of a larger project monitoring the effects of Engineered Log Jam (ELJ) placement in Pacific Northwest Rivers. The authors thank M. Heim, T. Bennett, A. Fullerton, Sarah Morley and B. Amerson for field support, and M. Elofson and E. Sampson (Lower Elwha S'Klallam Tribe) for providing invaluable local expertise and field support. The authors gratefully acknowledge Krista Bartz, Sarah Morley and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable and constructive comments on this manuscript. The research was supported by the Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) and NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 52 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1025 EP 1035 DI 10.1002/rra.1201 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 508GZ UT WOS:000270919700008 ER PT J AU Perez, MA Kitching, J Shkel, AM AF Perez, Maximillian A. Kitching, John Shkel, Andrei M. TI Design and demonstration of PECVD multilayer dielectric mirrors optimized for micromachined cavity angled sidewalls SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Atomic MEMS; Bragg reflector; Optical MEMS; PECVD; Thin films; Vapor cells ID PLASMA DEPOSITION; FILMS AB This paper reports on the design and implementation of high efficiency, nonmetallic reflectors integrated on the sidewalls of micromachined cavities. Due to shadowing from deposition within a cavity, significant variation in the thicknesses of the dielectric thin films composing the reflectors are encountered when the layers are deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). These gradients in thickness limit the performance of the reflector at the intended design wavelength. An optimized design procedure is described to maximize the performance of the reflector at the D(1) absorption wavelength of (87)Rb of 795 nm for use in micromachined atomic vapor cells. The reflector design is based on multiple shifted quarter wave Bragg reflectors in series, which extends the reflective bandwidth for increased robustness to film thickness gradients. The extended reflectance range maintains high reflection at the design wavelength despite greater than 70% decrease in film thickness across the reflector surface. The reflector technology is ideally suited for use in atomic MEMS vapor cell applications by achieving high reflectance while maintaining light polarization. We demonstrate less than 2 dB of return loss with circular polarization ellipticity maintained to +/- 2 degrees. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perez, Maximillian A.; Shkel, Andrei M.] Univ Calif Irvine, MicroSyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perez, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, MicroSyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM max.perez@uci.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Navigation-Grade Integrated Micro Gyroscopes (NGIMG) FX The authors thank the staff of the Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility (INRF) for fabrication support and A. Schofield for micrograph assistance. Numerical optical calculations were done by use of the Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas MATLAB package by S.J. Cirfanidis [14]. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Navigation-Grade Integrated Micro Gyroscopes (NGIMG) program and is a partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the US government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2008.10.007 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 517GS UT WOS:000271601900004 ER PT J AU Egelhoff, WF Pong, PWT Unguris, J McMichael, RD Nowak, ER Edelstein, AS Burnette, JE Fischer, GA AF Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. Pong, P. W. T. Unguris, J. McMichael, R. D. Nowak, E. R. Edelstein, A. S. Burnette, J. E. Fischer, G. A. TI Critical challenges for picoTesla magnetic-tunnel-junction sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE picoTesla; Magnetic-tunnel-junction; Magnetic sensors; Tunneling magnetoresistance ID NOISE AB The extension of small, inexpensive, low-power, low-frequency, ultra-sensitive magnetic sensors to fields between 1 nT and 1 pT, an area currently dominated by fluxgates, optically pumped magnetometers, and SQUIDS, would be a paradigm shift for the field of magnetic sensors. The necessary elements for picoTesla magnetic-tunnel-junction (MTJ) sensors have been identified by modeling the noise characteristics. The results help identify the experimental challenges involved in the integration of these necessary elements into actual sensors, illustrate the trade-offs faced if there are losses in performance upon integration. Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) of the pinned layer provides insights into problems and possible solutions. Issues associated with real-world applications of these sensors to ultra-low field measurements are discussed. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.; Pong, P. W. T.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Unguris, J.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nowak, E. R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Edelstein, A. S.; Burnette, J. E.; Fischer, G. A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ppong@eee.hku.hk RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU ONR [N00014-07-C-0355]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46374] FX One of us (ASE) would like to acknowledge valuable discussions on MEMS flux concentrators with Neil Smith (then) of IBM. E.R.N. acknowledges support from ONR under STTR award N00014-07-C-0355 and DOE under award DE-FG02-07ER46374. The authors would like to acknowledge valuable assistance and discussions on various aspects of this work with: Roger Koch, Neil Smith (HGST), Bill Doyle, Mark Stiles, Brian Maranville, Moshe Schmoueli, Cindi Dennis, Mike Donahue, Casey Uhlig, John Bonevich, Dave Pappas, Steve Russek, Tom Silva, Mike Donahue, Justin Shaw, P.J. Chen, and Audie Castillo. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 155 IS 2 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2009.08.016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 521LZ UT WOS:000271924200001 ER PT J AU Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ AF Odstrcil, Dusan Pizzo, Victor J. TI Numerical Heliospheric Simulations as Assisting Tool for Interpretation of Observations by STEREO Heliospheric Imagers SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejection; Solar wind; Numerical simulation; STEREO Heliospheric Imager ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; STRUCTURED SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INNER HELIOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EARTH; MODEL; SUN AB The interpretation of multi-spacecraft heliospheric observations and three-dimensional reconstruction of structured and evolving solar wind is challenging. This is especially true for the interpretation of white-light structures observed by the Heliospheric Imagers (HI) onboard STEREO spacecraft since their appearance depends on three-dimensional geometric factors. Numerical simulations can provide global context and suggest what may and may not be observed. We use the heliospheric code ENLIL to simulate various scenarios of well-defined corotating solar wind streams and ejected transient density structures, and we generate from the solutions synthetic white-light images at various locations. We illustrate that corotating interaction regions (CIRs) show up differently in HI-2A and HI-2B and that they may appear as transient structures in HI-2A but not in HI-2B. This asymmetry is caused by differing Thomson scattering responses. Further, we illustrate that a given interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) may exhibit drastically different white-light brightness depending on the observing position and that some ICMEs can eventually reach Earth without being detected by the imagers. Finally, we demonstrate application of the modeling system through simulation of the 24 -aEuro parts per thousand 25 January 2007, 31 December 2007 and 26 April 2008 CMEs. C1 [Odstrcil, Dusan; Pizzo, Victor J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Odstrcil, Dusan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Odstrcil, D (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dusan.odstrcil@noaa.gov FU AFOSR/MURI; NASA/LWS; NSF/CISM FX This work was supported by AFOSR/MURI, NASA/LWS, and NSF/CISM projects. We acknowledge data from Mount Wilson Observatory and Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory, ESA-NASA SOHO and STEREO spacecraft, and NASA National Space Science Data Center. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1-2 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9449-z PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 508AJ UT WOS:000270898200017 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Conny, JM AF Powell, C. J. Conny, J. M. TI Evaluation of uncertainties in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy intensities associated with different methods and procedures for background subtraction. II. Spectra for unmonochromated Al and Mg X-rays SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE XPS; peak intensities; uncertainties; background subtraction ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY FACTORS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; XPS; VALIDITY AB We report uncertainties in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) intensities arising from commonly used methods and procedures for subtraction of the spectral background. These uncertainties were determined from a comparison of XPS intensities reported by volunteer analysts and the corresponding intensities expected for a set of simulated XPS spectra. We analyzed peak intensities from 16 sets of data (submitted from 15 institutions) for a group of 12 spectra that had been simulated for an unmonochromated Al-K alpha source and similar intensities from 20 sets of data (submitted from 17 institutions) that had been simulated for an unmonochromated Mg-K alpha source. Each reported intensity was compared with an expected intensity for the particular integration limits chosen by each analyst and known from the simulation design. We present ratios of the reported intensities to the expected intensities for the background-subtraction methods chosen by the analysts. These ratios were close to unity in most cases, as expected, but deviations were found in the results from some analysts, particularly if shakeup was present. We showed that better results for the Shirley and Tougaard backgrounds were obtained when analysts determined peak intensities over certain energy ranges or integration limits. We then were able to suggest integration limits that should be a useful guide in the determination of peak intensities for other XPS spectra. The use of relatively narrow integration limits with the Shirley and linear backgrounds, however, will lead to measures of peak intensity that are less than the total intensities. Although these measures may be satisfactory for some quantitative analyses, errors in quantitative XPS analyses can occur if there are changes in XPS lineshapes or shakeup fractions with change of chemical state. The use of curve-fitting equations to fit an entire spectrum will generally exclude the shakeup contribution to the intensity of the main peak, and any variation in the shakeup fraction with change of chemical state will not be taken into account. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Powell, C. J.; Conny, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 41 IS 10 BP 804 EP 813 DI 10.1002/sia.3103 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 507IE UT WOS:000270844900007 ER PT J AU Matsumura, K Hijmans, RJ Chemin, Y Elvidge, CD Sugimoto, K Wu, WB Lee, YW Shibasaki, R AF Matsumura, Kan-ichiro Hijmans, Rover J. Chemin, Yann Elvidge, Christopher D. Sugimoto, Kenji Wu, Wenbin Lee, Yang-won Shibasaki, Ryosuke TI Mapping the global supply and demand structure of rice SO SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rice consumption; Nocturnal lights; Gridded population; Harvested area AB Rice plays a major role in the global supply and demand for sustainable food production. The constraints of maintaining sustainable rice production are closely linked to the relationship between the distribution patterns of human activity on the planet and economic growth. Global patterns of rice production can be mapped by using various criteria linked to domestic income, population patterns, and associated satellite brightness data of rice-producing regions. Prosperous regions have more electric lighting, and there are documented correlations between gross domestic product (GDP) and nighttime light. We chose to examine global rice production patterns on a geographical basis. For the purposes of this study, each country is considered to be made up of regions, and rice production is discussed in terms of regional distribution. A region is delineated by its administrative boundaries; the number of regions where rice is produced is about 13,839. We used gridded spatial population distribution data overlain by nocturnal light imagery derived from satellite imagery. The resultant relationship revealed a correlation between regional income (nominal values of GDP were used) and rice production in the world. The following criteria were used to examine the supply and demand structure of rice. Global rice consumption = "caloric rice consumption per capita per day" multiplied by "regional population values". Regional rice yields = "country-based production" divided by "harvested area" (multiple harvests are taken into account). Regional rice production = "regional harvested areas" multiplied by "rice yield values". We compared regional rice consumption and production values according to these methods. Analysis of the data sets generated a map of rice supply and demand. Inter-regional shipping costs were not accounted for. This map can contribute to the understanding of food security issues in rice-producing regions and to estimating potential population values in such regions. C1 [Matsumura, Kan-ichiro] Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Dept Informat, Sch Policy Studies, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan. [Hijmans, Rover J.; Chemin, Yann] Int Rice Res Inst, Geog GIS Lab, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. [Sugimoto, Kenji; Wu, Wenbin; Lee, Yang-won; Shibasaki, Ryosuke] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. RP Matsumura, K (reprint author), Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Dept Informat, Sch Policy Studies, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan. EM any85636@kwansei.ac.jp; R.Hijmans@cgiar.org; Y.Chemin@cgiar.org; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; koc@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; wwbyn@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; lee@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp; shiba@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Hijmans, Robert/N-3299-2016; OI Hijmans, Robert/0000-0001-5872-2872 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1862-4065 J9 SUSTAIN SCI JI Sustain. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s11625-009-0077-1 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507VO UT WOS:000270883500014 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Nai, K Wei, L Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Nai, Kang Wei, Li Zhao, Qingyun TI An unconventional approach for assimilating aliased radar radial velocities SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; PARAMETERIZED DISCONTINUITIES; GENERALIZED ADJOINT; DOPPLER VELOCITIES; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; DEALIASING SCHEME; WIND; INFORMATION; PREDICTION; SYSTEM AB An aliasing operator is introduced to mimic the effect of aliasing that causes discontinuities in radial-velocity observations, and to modify the observation term in the costfunction for direct assimilations of aliased radar radial-velocity observations into numerical models. It is found that if the aliasing operator is treated as a part of the observation operator and applied to the analysed radial velocity in a conventional way, then the analysis is not ensured to be aliased (or not aliased) in consistency with the aliased (or not aliased) observation at every observation point. Thus, the analysis-minus-observation term contains a large alias error whenever an inconsistency occurs at an observation point. This causes fine-structure discontinuities in the costfunction. An unconventional approach is thus introduced to apply the aliasing operator to the entire analysis-minus-observation term at each observation point in the observation term of the costfunction. With this approach, the costfunction becomes smooth and concave upwards in the vicinity of the global minimum. The usefulness of this approach for directly assimilating aliased radar radial-velocity observations under certain conditions is demonstrated by illustrative examples. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Nai, Kang; Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhao, Qingyun] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000140410312]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Dick Doviak, Dr. David Parrish, and the anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The research was supported by the ONR Grant N000140410312 to the University of Oklahoma. Funding was also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 621 EP 630 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00412.x PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 494JX UT WOS:000269810000006 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Qin TI Bayesian perspective of the unconventional approach for assimilating aliased radar radial velocities SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; WIND; RETRIEVAL AB The global minimization problem for directly assimilating aliased radial velocities is derived in terms of Bayesian estimation by folding the domain of the original Gaussian non-aliased observation probability density function (pdf) into the Nyquist interval. By truncating the folded tails of the observation pdf, the observation term in the costfunction recovers the aliased observation term formulated previously by an unconventional approach. This establishes the theoretical basis for the unconventional approach and quantifies the involved approximation. The alias-robust radar wind analysis developed based on the unconventional approach is also revisited from the Bayesian perspective. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000140410312]; NOAA HPCC; NCEP FX The author is thankful to Dr. David Parrish and Dr. Jidong Gao for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The research work was supported by the ONR Grant N000140410312 and by the NOAA HPCC program and NCEP radar data quality control project. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 61 IS 5 BP 631 EP 634 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00413.x PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 494JX UT WOS:000269810000007 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Seo, KH AF Wang, Wanqiu Seo, Kyong-Hwan TI The Madden-Julian Oscillation in NCEP Coupled Model Simulation SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Madden-Julian Oscillation; CFS model; GFS model; AMIP; CMIP ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PART I; CONVECTION PARAMETERIZATION; OCEAN MODEL; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY AB This study documents a detailed analysis on the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) using the Global Forecast System (GFS) model version 2003 coupled with the Climate Forecast System model (CFS) consisting of the 2003 version of GFS and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Modular Ocean Model V.3 (MOM3). The analyses are based upon a 21-year simulation of AMIP-type with GFS and CMIP-type with CFS. It is found that air-sea coupling in CFS is shown to improve the coherence between convection and large-scale circulation associated with the MJO. The too fast propagation of convection from the Indian Ocean to the maritime continents and the western Pacific in GFS is improved (slowed down) in CFS. Both GFS and CFS produce too strong intraseasonal convective heating and circulation anomalies in the central-eastern Pacific; further, the air-sea coupling in CFS enhances this unrealistic feature. The simulated mean slow phase speed of eastward propagating low-wavenumber components shown in the wavenumber-frequency spectra is due to the slow propagation in the central-eastern Pacific ill both GFS and CFS. Errors in model climatology may have some effect upon the simulated MJO and two possible influences are: (i) CFS fails to simulate the westerlies over maritime continents and western Pacific areas, resulting in all unrealistic representation of surface latent heat flux associated with the MJO; and (ii) vertical easterly wind shear from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific ill CFS is much weaker than that in the observation and in GFS, which may adversely affect the eastward propagation of the simulated MJO. C1 [Seo, Kyong-Hwan] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea. EM khseo@pusan.ac.kr FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2007-4208] FX The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers. Their constructive comments and suggestions greatly improved the original manuscript. This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-4208. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 713 EP 725 DI 10.3319/TAO.2008.09.17.01(A) PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 512WT UT WOS:000271283200004 ER PT J AU Elmir, SM Shibata, T Solo-Gabriele, HM Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Miller, G Plano, LRW Kish, J Withum, K Fleming, LE AF Elmir, Samir M. Shibata, Tomoyuki Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Gidley, Maribeth L. Miller, Gary Plano, Lisa R. W. Kish, Jonathan Withum, Kelly Fleming, Lora E. TI Quantitative evaluation of enterococci and Bacteroidales released by adults and toddlers in marine water SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bather shedding; Enterococci; Bacteroidales; Beach sand ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INDICATORS; GENES AB Traditionally, the use of enterococci has been recommended as the fecal indicator bacteria of choice for testing marine recreational water quality, and prior studies have shown that bathers shed large numbers of enterococci into the water. The current study expands upon prior research by evaluating shedding from both toddlers and adults, and by the expansion of measurements to include enterococci shedding via three different methods (membrane filter (MF), chromogenic substrate (CS), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)) and shedding of alternative fecal indicator bacteria (Bacteroidales human markers UCD and HF8 via qPCR). Two sets of experiments were conducted. The first experiment consisted of two groups of 10 adults who bathed together in a large pool. The second study consisted of 14 toddlers who bathed individually in a small pool which allowed for sand recovery. Sand recovery was used to estimate the amount of sand transported on the bodies of toddlers and to estimate the number of fecal indicator bacteria released from this sand. The numbers of estimated enterococci shed per adult ranged from 1.8 x 10(4) to 2.8 x 10(6) CFU, from 1.9 x 10(3) to 4.5 x 10(6) MPN, and from 3.8 x 10(5) to 5.5 x 10(6) GEU based on the MF, CS, and qPCR methods, respectively. The estimated numbers of Bacteroidales human markers ranged from 1.8 x 10(4) to 1.3 x 10(6) for UCD, and ranged from the below detection limit to 1.6 x 10(5) for HF8. The estimated amount of sand transported per toddler (n = 14) into the water column after sand exposure was 8 +/- 6 g on average. When normalizing the numbers of enterococci shed from toddlers via sand by the 3.9 body surface area ratio, the differences between toddlers and adults were insignificant. Contributions of sands to the total enterococci (MF) shed per toddler was 3.7 +/- 4.4% on average. Although shedding via beach sand may contribute a small fraction of the microbial load during initial bathing, it may have a significant role if bathers go to water repetitively after sand exposure. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Kish, Jonathan; Withum, Kelly; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.; Miller, Gary; Fleming, Lora E.] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL 33056 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki] No Illinois Univ, Publ Hlth Program, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki] No Illinois Univ, Hlth Educ Program, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat Microbiol, Miami, FL 33130 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Immunol, Miami, FL 33130 USA. [Kish, Jonathan] Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Internship Program; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER [NSF SGER 0743987]; University of Miami FX This study was funded in part from the following sources: the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through monies from the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Internship Program; the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373; NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736) and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, and the NSF SGER (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human Health. We would also like to thank IDEXX Corporation for their support of our project through the provision of supplies needed for the chromogenic substrate analysis of enterococci. The research team gratefully acknowledges all organizations and their staff who collaborated, provided support, and/or participated in all various aspects of this research effort including: University of Miami, Florida International University, University of Florida, Miami Dade County Public Works, Miami Dade County Health Department Environmental Health, Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratory Services Miami Branch, us Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Department of Health Human Services (DHHS). Finally, the researchers would like to thank Ms Kathy Vergara (Director), the Staff and the families of the Debbie School of the University of Miami for their support of and participation in this study. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 4610 EP 4616 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515AW UT WOS:000271439600018 PM 19646730 ER PT J AU Kim, D Nelson, B Seo, DJ AF Kim, Dongsoo Nelson, Brian Seo, Dong-Jun TI Characteristics of Reprocessed Hydrometeorological Automated Data System (HADS) Hourly Precipitation Data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB The Hydrometeorological Automated Data System (HADS) is a real-time data acquisition, processing, and distribution system operated by the Office of Hydrologic Development (OHD) of NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS). The initial reprocessing of HADS data from its original format since its inception in July 1996 has been completed at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The quality of the reprocessed HADS hourly precipitation data from rain gauges is assessed by two objective metrics: the average fraction of missing values and the percentage of top-of-the-hour observations for a 3-yr period (2003-05). Pairwise comparisons between the reprocessed product and the real-time product are made using representative samples (about 13%) from the 48 contiguous United States. The monthly average of missing values varies from 0.5% to 2% in the reprocessed product and from 1.7% to 10.1% in the real-time product. Except for January 2003, the reprocessed product consistently reduced missing values, by as much as 9.4% in October 2004. The availability of top-of-the-hour observations is about 85% in the reprocessed product, while the real-time product has top-of-the-hour observations only about 50% of the time. This paper discusses real-time product quality issues, additional quality assurance algorithms used in the reprocessing environment, and the design of system-wide performance comparisons. Thus, the benefits to users of reprocessing the HADS data are the correction of 4-h observation time errors during 1 July-11 August 2005 and the demonstration of diurnals pattern of precipitation frequencies in regional domains. A Web-based interactive quality assessment tool for reprocessed HADS hourly precipitation data and access to the data are also presented. C1 [Kim, Dongsoo; Nelson, Brian] NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM dongsoo.kim@noaa.gov RI Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 FU HADS FX The authors thank Lawrence Cedrone and the entire NWS/OHD HADS Program staff who have always been responsive and corrected problematic HADS gauge reports. The authors acknowledge Arthur Fotos for programming support of the reprocessed HADS Data Web site. The authors thank Anne Markel, Tom Peterson, Ed Kearns, and Xuangang Yin of NCDC for their careful review and three anonymous reviewers for many suggestions. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1296 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222227.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517NU UT WOS:000271622700007 ER PT J AU Vasiloff, SV Howard, KW Zhang, J AF Vasiloff, Steven V. Howard, Kenneth W. Zhang, Jian TI Difficulties with Correcting Radar Rainfall Estimates Based on Rain Gauge Data: A Case Study of Severe Weather in Montana on 16-17 June 2007 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; BIAS AB The principal source of information for operational flash flood monitoring and warning issuance is weather radar-based quantitative estimates of precipitation. Rain gauges are considered truth for the purposes of validating and calibrating real-time radar-derived precipitation data, both in a real-time sense and climatologically. This paper examines various uncertainties and challenges involved with using radar and rain gauge data in a severe local storm environment. A series of severe thunderstorm systems that occurred across northeastern Montana illustrates various problems with comparing radar precipitation estimates and real-time gauge data, including extreme wind effects, hail, missing gauge data, and radar quality control. Ten radar-gauge time series pairs were analyzed with most found to be not useful for real-time radar calibration. These issues must be carefully considered within the context of ongoing efforts to develop robust real-time tools for evaluating radar-gauge uncertainties. Recommendations are made for radar and gauge data quality control efforts that would benefit the operational use of gauge data. C1 [Vasiloff, Steven V.; Howard, Kenneth W.; Zhang, Jian] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Vasiloff, SV (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, 120 David Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM steven.vasiloff@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1334 EP 1344 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222154.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517NU UT WOS:000271622700010 ER PT J AU Heinselman, PL Cheong, BL Palmer, RD Bodine, D Hondl, K AF Heinselman, P. L. Cheong, B. L. Palmer, R. D. Bodine, D. Hondl, K. TI Radar Refractivity Retrievals in Oklahoma: Insights into Operational Benefits and Limitations SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; DECISION-MAKING; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROJECT; INFORMATION; IHOP-2002; MOISTURE; PROGRAM; MESONET; DRYLINE AB The 2007 and 2008 spring refractivity experiments at KTLX investigated the potential utility of high-resolution, near-surface refractivity measurements to operational forecasting. During these experiments, forecasters at the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Service Forecast Office (NWSFO) assessed refractivity and scan-to-scan refractivity change fields retrieved from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler weather radar near Oklahoma City-Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX). Both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were used to analyze the 41 responses from seven forecasters to a questionnaire designed to measure the impact of refractivity fields on forecast operations. The analysis revealed that forecasts benefited from the refractivity fields on 25% of the days included in the evaluation. In each of these cases, the refractivity fields provided complementary information that somewhat enhanced the forecasters' capability to analyze the near-surface environment and boosted their confidence in moisture trends. A case in point was the ability to track a retreating dryline after its location was obscured by a weak reflectivity bloom caused by biological scatterers. Forecasters unanimously agreed, however, that the impact of this complementary information on their forecasts was too insignificant to justify its addition as an operational dataset. The applicability of these findings to other NWSFOs may be limited to locations with similar weather situations and access to surface data networks like the Oklahoma Mesonet. C1 [Heinselman, P. L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cheong, B. L.; Palmer, R. D.; Bodine, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cheong, B. L.; Palmer, R. D.; Bodine, D.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hondl, K.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Heinselman, PL (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pam.heinselman@noaa.gov RI Bodine, David/B-5023-2014 FU NOAA/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA- University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [ATM0750790]; American Meteorological Society FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA/ Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA- University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, the U. S. Department of Commerce through coordination with the Radar Operations Center, and the National Science Foundation through Grant ATM0750790. Coauthor David Bodine was supported by an American Meteorological Society fellowship sponsored by the Raytheon Corporation. The authors thank the Radar Operations Center for maintaining the data flow from KTLX during the experiments and the Norman, Oklahoma, WFO for their participation in the experiment. The authors appreciate assistance from Mark Laufersweiler, Kevin Manross, and Travis Smith. We also thank Daphne LaDue for improving the quality of this study by sharing her expertise in questionnaire development and qualitative analysis, and providing constructive comments that improved the paper. We additionally thank Vicki Farmer for helping with figure layout andConrad Ziegler, DusanZrnic ', Rodger Brown, and Jim LaDue for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers of this paper for helping to fine- tune the paper prior to publication. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1361 DI 10.1175/2009WAF2222256.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 517NU UT WOS:000271622700011 ER PT J AU Kamenkovich, I Cheng, W Sarachik, ES Harrison, DE AF Kamenkovich, Igor Cheng, Wei Sarachik, E. S. Harrison, D. E. TI Simulation of the Argo observing system in an ocean general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MOORED INSTRUMENT ARRAY; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; COARSE-RESOLUTION; DESIGN; PARAMETERIZATION AB The main goal of this study is to determine how well large-scale temperature, salinity, upper ocean heat content (UOHC), and surface mixed layer fields and their variability can be reconstructed from the Argo observing system. The approach is to sample and reconstruct these oceanic fields from a coarse-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM), quantify the errors in the reconstructed fields, and analyze the factors controlling these errors. In particular, this study analyzes the effects of float movements on the spatial coverage and reconstruction of temporal variability. Overall performance of the simulated Argo array is good, and the reconstructed climatological means of such key quantities as the temperature, salinity, UOHC, and mixed layer depth are very close to the actual OGCM-simulated values in most of the global ocean. However, the differences between the reconstructed and actual fields ("reconstruction errors'') are more significant in several regions with strong currents, such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The results also suggest that the detection of the year-to-year changes in UOHC in the ACC, in high-latitude North Atlantic, and near the coasts can be particularly problematic. As illustrated by sensitivity experiments, the main effect of float movements is to increase reconstruction errors. This adverse effect of float movements is the main cause of large errors in the UOHC interannual difference in the ACC. When the spatial sampling coverage is improved, for example, by increasing the number of floats, the accuracy of reconstruction improves substantially. C1 [Kamenkovich, Igor] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Sarachik, E. S.] Univ Washington, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Sarachik, E. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Harrison, D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kamenkovich, I (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ikamenkovich@rsmas.miami.edu RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG06GA66G] FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful advice on improving this manuscript. Kamenkovich and Cheng were supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office, Climate Observation Division. Kamenkovich would also like to acknowledge the support by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NNG06GA66G. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C09021 DI 10.1029/2008JC005184 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 502MJ UT WOS:000270464100001 ER PT J AU Mastin, LG Guffanti, M Servranckx, R Webley, P Barsotti, S Dean, K Durant, A Ewert, JW Neri, A Rose, WI Schneider, D Siebert, L Stunder, B Swanson, G Tupper, A Volentik, A Waythomas, CF AF Mastin, L. G. Guffanti, M. Servranckx, R. Webley, P. Barsotti, S. Dean, K. Durant, A. Ewert, J. W. Neri, A. Rose, W. I. Schneider, D. Siebert, L. Stunder, B. Swanson, G. Tupper, A. Volentik, A. Waythomas, C. F. TI A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE volcanic eruption; aircraft; volcanic plumes; ash clouds ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MOUNT ST-HELENS; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; THERMAL DISEQUILIBRIUM; PARTICLE AGGREGATION; MIYAKEJIMA VOLCANO; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; COLUMN DYNAMICS; REDOUBT VOLCANO AB During volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs) are used to forecast the location and movement of ash clouds over hours to days in order to define hazards to aircraft and to communities downwind. Those models use input parameters, called "eruption source parameters", such as plume height H, mass eruption rate M, duration D, and the mass fraction m(63) oferupted debris finer than about 4 phi or 63 mu m, which can remain in the cloud for many hours or days. Observational constraints on the value of such parameters are frequently unavailable in the first minutes or hours after an eruption is detected. Moreover, observed plume height may change during an eruption, requiring rapid assignment of new parameters. This paper reports on a group effort to improve the accuracy of source parameters used by VATDs in the early hours of an eruption. We do so by first compiling a list of eruptions for which these parameters are well constrained. and then using these data to review and update previously studied parameter relationships. We find that the existing scatter in plots of H versus Myields an uncertainty within the 50% confidence interval of plus or minus a factor of four in eruption rate for a given plume height This scatter is not clearly attributable to biases in measurement techniques or to well-recognized processes such as elutriation from pyroclastic flows. Sparse data on total grain-size distribution suggest that the mass fraction of fine debris m(63) could vary by nearly two orders of magnitude between small basaltic eruptions (similar to 0.01) and large silicic ones (>0.5). We classify eleven eruption types; four types each for different sizes of silicic and mafic eruptions; submarine eruptions; "brief' or Vulcanian eruptions; and eruptions that generate co-ignimbrite or co-pyroclastic flow plumes. For each eruption type we assign source parameters. We then assign a characteristic eruption type to each of the world's similar to 1500 Holocene volcanoes. These eruption types and associated parameters can be used for ash-cloud modeling in the event of an eruption, when no observational constraints on these parameters are available. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mastin, L. G.; Ewert, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Guffanti, M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Servranckx, R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Webley, P.; Dean, K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Barsotti, S.; Neri, A.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Durant, A.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Rose, W. I.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Engn Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Schneider, D.; Waythomas, C. F.] USGS Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK USA. [Siebert, L.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Stunder, B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Swanson, G.] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tupper, A.] Bur Meteorol, Casuarina, NT, Australia. [Volentik, A.] Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Mastin, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM lgmastin@usgs.gov RI Neri, Augusto/A-1623-2009; Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; Durant, Adam/C-7883-2014; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Neri, Augusto/0000-0002-3536-3624; Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; Durant, Adam/0000-0002-0198-7332; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; NR 101 TC 201 Z9 204 U1 6 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.008 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 498DN UT WOS:000270117100002 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Stunder, BJB Dean, KG AF Webley, P. W. Stunder, B. J. B. Dean, K. G. TI Preliminary sensitivity study of eruption source parameters for operational volcanic ash cloud transport and dispersion models - A case study of the August 1992 eruption of the Crater Peak vent, Mount Spurr, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanic ash; dispersion modeling and eruption source; parameters ID SATELLITE-BASED TECHNIQUE; FAILURES; DEPOSITION; RESOLUTION AB Ash clouds are one of the major hazards that result from volcanic eruptions. Once an eruption is reported, volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are used to forecast the location of the ash cloud. These models require source parameters to describe the ash column for initialization. These parameters include: eruption cloud height and vertical distribution, particle size distribution, and start and end time of the eruption. Further, if downwind concentrations are needed, the eruption mass rate and/or volume of ash need to be known. Upon notification of an eruption, few constraints are typically available on many of these source parameters. Recently, scientists have defined classes of eruption types, each with a set of pre-defined eruption source parameters (ESP). We analyze the August 18,1992 eruption of the Crater Peak vent at Mount Spurr, Alaska, which is the example case for the Medium Silicic eruption type. We have evaluated the sensitivity of two of the ESP - the grain size distribution (GSD) and the vertical distribution of ash - on the modeled ash cloud. HYSPUT and Puff VATD models are used to simulate the ash clouds from the different sets of source parameters. We use satellite data, processed through the reverse absorption method, as reference for computing statistics that describe the modeled-to-observed comparison. With the grain size distribution, the three options chosen. (1) an estimated distribution based on past eruption studies, (2) a distribution with finer particles and (3) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration HYSPLIT GSD, have little effect on the modeled ash cloud. For the initial vertical distribution, both linear (uniform concentration throughout the vertical column) and umbrella shapes were chosen. For HYSPLIT, the defined umbrella distribution (no ash below the umbrella), apparently underestimates the lower altitude portions of the ash cloud and as a result has a worse agreement with the satellite detected ash cloud compared to that with the linear vertical distribution for this particular eruption. The Puff model, with a Poisson function to represent the umbrella cloud, gave similar results as for a linear distribution, both having reasonable agreement with the satellite detected cloud. Further sensitivity studies of this eruption, as well as studies using the other source parameters, are needed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 [Webley, P. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stunder, B. J. B.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Webley, P. W.; Dean, K. G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Super Comp Ctr, 909 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.02.012 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 498DN UT WOS:000270117100010 ER PT J AU Dennis, CL Jackson, AJ Borchers, JA Hoopes, PJ Strawbridge, R Foreman, AR van Lierop, J Gruttner, C Ivkov, R AF Dennis, C. L. Jackson, A. J. Borchers, J. A. Hoopes, P. J. Strawbridge, R. Foreman, A. R. van Lierop, J. Gruettner, C. Ivkov, R. TI Nearly complete regression of tumors via collective behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in hyperthermia SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; COBALT NANOPARTICLES; THERMAL DOSIMETRY; CANCER; PHARMACOKINETICS; THERAPY; SAFETY; PHASE; FIELD; SIZE AB One potential cancer treatment selectively deposits heat to the tumor through activation of magnetic nanoparticles inside the tumor. This can damage or kill the cancer cells without harming the surrounding healthy tissue. The properties assumed to be most important for this heat generation (saturation magnetization, amplitude and frequency of external magnetic field) originate from theoretical models that assume non-interacting nanoparticles. Although these factors certainly contribute, the fundamental assumption of 'no interaction' is flawed and consequently fails to anticipate their interactions with biological systems and the resulting heat deposition. Experimental evidence demonstrates that for interacting magnetite nanoparticles, determined by their spacing and anisotropy, the resulting collective behavior in the kilohertz frequency regime generates significant heat, leading to nearly complete regression of aggressive mammary tumors in mice. C1 [Dennis, C. L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hoopes, P. J.; Strawbridge, R.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Foreman, A. R.; Ivkov, R.] Triton BioSyst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. [van Lierop, J.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Gruettner, C.] Mic Romod Partikeltechnol GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. RP Dennis, CL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cindi.dennis@nist.gov; rivkov@jhmi.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [W81XWH-04-C-0142]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors thank R D Shull for discussions of heating mechanisms, JW Lau for the TEM image of the nanoparticles, E Gornitz for the AUC measurements, and P M Gehring for critical reading of the manuscript. This work is supported by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under Contract No. W81XWH-04-C-0142. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in the report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated by other documentation. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 35 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 51 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 39 AR 395103 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/39/395103 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 491CC UT WOS:000269553500003 PM 19726837 ER PT J AU Wu, PL Lin, PL Juang, HMH AF Wu, Po-Lin Lin, Pay-Liam Juang, Hann-Ming Henry TI Local Mean Bias Correction in a Regional Model Downscaling: A Case Study of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon of 1998 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; SIMULATION; ONSET; LAYER AB Regional climate models used to resolve high-resolution local circulation by dynamically downscaling from a coarse-resolution analysis may have difficulty in keeping large-scale information the same as in the analysis. Such difficulty produces large-scale error or bias, mainly due to mathematically ill-posed lateral boundary conditions. To reduce this type of error, in this paper the authors propose a scheme called local mean bias correction (LMBC). LMBC has means in x and in y directions locally over the model domain, but not a single mean over the entire domain. In spectral space, local means are represented by the zero wavenumber in the x direction with all wavenumbers in the y direction, and the zero wavenumber in the y direction with all the wavenumbers in the x direction. The local mean perturbation can be removed to correct the local mean bias where the perturbation is defined as the difference between a regional field and a base field from the analysis. The LMBC constitutes a simple methodology to ameliorate the influence of the lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) on the integration of the regional climate model (RCM); using it in this study improved the regional climate simulation of the 1998 South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon. Generally speaking, this scheme proved to have a well-simulated circulation during all periods of monsoon activities examined. Circulation errors during the SCS summer monsoon onset can be corrected using this LMBC scheme, though the rainfall amount was always underestimated as compared to the observation. This research demonstrated that shifting the domain north, east, west, and south as well as enlarging domain size produced results that are consistent in different cases over different years. C1 [Wu, Po-Lin; Lin, Pay-Liam] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Juang, Hann-Ming Henry] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Lin, PL (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM tliam@atm.ncu.edu.tw FU Ministry of Education and the National Science Council in Taiwan [NSC 95-2111-M-008-036API, 96-2752-M-008-006-PAE, 94-2111-M-008-011-API, 93-2621-Z-008-003] FX This study was supported partially by the NCU Development Program for the Top-Ranked University sponsored by the Ministry of Education and the National Science Council in Taiwan, to which we express our gratitude (Grants NSC 95-2111-M-008-036API, 96-2752-M-008-006-PAE, 94-2111-M-008-011-API, and 93-2621-Z-008-003). We also express our thanks to Dr. Chih-Hui Shiao for her editorial comments and for providing the MBC version of the RSM, and to Professor Chung-Hsiung Sui for help in improving the presentation of this paper. The authors also thank Ms. Mary Golden for technical editing andMWR editor Dr. James Doyle and the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable suggestions. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP 29 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 9 BP 2869 EP 2892 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2784.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501LA UT WOS:000270382200009 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Shinoda, T Liebmann, B Qian, TT Han, WQ Roundy, P Zhou, JY Zheng, YX AF Lin, Jia-Lin Shinoda, Toshiaki Liebmann, Brant Qian, Taotao Han, Weiqing Roundy, Paul Zhou, Jiayu Zheng, Yangxing TI Intraseasonal Variability Associated with Summer Precipitation over South America Simulated by 14 IPCC AR4 Coupled GCMs SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; BASIC STATE; PARAMETERIZATION; MONSOON; SCHEME AB This study evaluates the intraseasonal variability associated with summer precipitation over South America in 14 coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Eight years of each model's twentieth-century climate simulation are analyzed. Two dominant intraseasonal bands associated with summer precipitation over South America are focused on: the 40- and the 22-day band. The results show that in the southern summer (November-April), most of the models underestimate seasonal mean precipitation over central-east Brazil, northeast Brazil, and the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ), while the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is shifted southward of its observed position. Most of the models capture both the 40-and 22-day band around Uruguay, but with less frequent active episodes than observed. The models also tend to underestimate the total intraseasonal (10-90 day), the 40-, and the 22-day band variances. For the 40-day band, 10 of the 14 models simulate to some extent the 3-cell pattern around South America, and 6 models reproduce its teleconnection with precipitation in the south-central Pacific, but only 1 model simulates the teleconnection with the MJO in the equatorial Pacific, and only 3 models capture its northward propagation from 50 degrees to 32 degrees S. For the 7 models with three-dimensional data available, only 1 model reproduces well the deep baroclinic vertical structure of the 40-day band. For the 22-day band, only 6 of the 14 models capture its northward propagation from the SACZ to the Atlantic ITCZ. It is found that models with some form of moisture convective trigger tend to produce large variances for the intraseasonal bands. C1 [Lin, Jia-Lin; Qian, Taotao] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Liebmann, Brant; Zheng, Yangxing] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Qian, Taotao] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Han, Weiqing] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roundy, Paul] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Zhou, Jiayu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OST, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1105 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.789@osu.edu RI Zheng, Yangxing/B-7965-2013; Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Zheng, Yangxing/0000-0003-2039-1494; Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 FU NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program; NSF [ATM-0745872, OCE-0453046, ATM-0745897]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [601153N] FX Gary Russell kindly provided a detailed description of the GISS-AOM model. We acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVARWorkingGroup on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for organizing the model data analysis activity, and the IPCC WG1 TSU for technical support. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. J. L. Lin was supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program and NSF Grant ATM-0745872. T. Shinoda was supported by NSF Grants OCE-0453046 and ATM-0745897, an NOAA CPO/CVPGrant, and the 6.1 project Global Remote Littoral Forcing via Deep Water Pathways sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Program Element 601153N. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments that significantly improved the manuscript. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP 29 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 9 BP 2931 EP 2954 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2777.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501LA UT WOS:000270382200012 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Morrison, H Persson, O Shupe, MD Bao, JW AF Solomon, Amy Morrison, Hugh Persson, Ola Shupe, Matthew D. Bao, Jian-Wen TI Investigation of Microphysical Parameterizations of Snow and Ice in Arctic Clouds during M-PACE through Model-Observation Comparisons SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PHASE STRATIFORM CLOUDS; COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PART II; MESOSCALE; SHEBA; SURFACE; PRECIPITATION AB In this study the Weather Research Forecast model is used with 1-km horizontal grid spacing to investigate the microphysical properties of Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus. Intensive measurements taken during the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) on the North Slope of Alaska, during 9-12 October 2004, are used to verify the microphysical characteristics of the model's simulation of mixed-phase clouds (MPCs). A series of one-and two-moment bulk microphysical cloud schemes are tested to identify how the treatment of snow and ice affects the maintenance of cloud liquid water at low temperatures. The baseline two-moment simulation results in realistic liquid water paths and in size distributions of snow reasonably similar to observations. With a one-moment simulation for which the size distribution intercept parameter for snow is fixed at values taken from the two-moment simulation, reasonable snow size distributions are again obtained but the cloud liquid water is reduced because the one-moment scheme couples the number concentration to the mixing ratio. The one-moment scheme with the constant snow intercept parameter set to a value typical of midlatitude frontal clouds results in a substantial underprediction of the liquid water path. In the simulations, the number concentration of small ice crystals is found to be underestimated by an order of magnitude. A sensitivity test with the concentration of ice particles larger than 53 mu m increased to the observed value results in underprediction of the liquid water path. If ice (not snow) is the primary driver for the depletion of cloud liquid water, then the results of this study suggest that the feedbacks among ice-snow-cloud liquid water may be misrepresented in the model. C1 [Solomon, Amy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, Amy] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER63965]; National Science Foundation [ARC0612428, ARC0714053] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-05ER63965 and the National Science Foundation Grants ARC0612428 and ARC0714053. We appreciate the insightful comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP 29 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 9 BP 3110 EP 3128 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2688.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501LA UT WOS:000270382200023 ER PT J AU Davies-Jones, R AF Davies-Jones, Robert TI On Formulas for Equivalent Potential Temperature SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB Several new formulas for pseudoadiabatic equivalent potential temperature (EPT) are devised and compared to previous ones. The maximum errors of all the formulas are determined from calculations on a dense grid of points in the region of a thermodynamic diagram defined by wet-bulb potential temperature <= 32 degrees C (EPT <= 400 K) and pressure between 100 and 1050 mb. One of the new formulas has an accuracy of 0.015 K in the specified region. Finding the imitation first law of thermodynamics that they satisfy approximately reveals how the formulas work. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Davies-Jones, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bob.davies-jones@noaa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0733539] FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0733539. I thank Dr. George Bryan and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtprovoking comments. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP 29 PY 2009 VL 137 IS 9 BP 3137 EP 3148 DI 10.1175/2009MWR2774.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 501LA UT WOS:000270382200025 ER PT J AU Chen, MC Gerrity, MR Backus, S Popmintchev, T Zhou, X Arpin, P Zhang, X Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM AF Chen, M. -C. Gerrity, M. R. Backus, S. Popmintchev, T. Zhou, X. Arpin, P. Zhang, X. Kapteyn, H. C. Murnane, M. M. TI Spatially coherent, phase matched, high-order harmonic EUV beams at 50 kHz SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CHIRPED-PULSE AMPLIFICATION; GENERATION; SOFT; DRIVEN; GASES; LIGHT AB By focusing a high repetition rate (50kHz), compact, femtosecond laser system with low pulse energy (25 mu J) using a tight-focusing geometry, we demonstrate fully phase matched high-order harmonic generation for the first time at very high repetition rates, resulting in EUV light with full spatial coherence. The result is a practical, single-box, coherent source useful for applications in metrology, ultrafast spectroscopy, imaging and microscopy. The soft x-ray flux can be improved further by increasing the laser pulse energy and/or repetition rate. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, M. -C.; Gerrity, M. R.; Popmintchev, T.; Zhou, X.; Arpin, P.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, M. -C.; Gerrity, M. R.; Popmintchev, T.; Zhou, X.; Arpin, P.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, M. -C.; Gerrity, M. R.; Popmintchev, T.; Zhou, X.; Arpin, P.; Kapteyn, H. C.; Murnane, M. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Backus, S.; Zhang, X.] Kapteyn Murnane Labs Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mchen@colorado.edu RI Zhou, Xibin/C-1316-2011; Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008; Zhou, Xibin/B-5544-2009; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU NSF Engineering Research Center for EUV Science and Technology; Department of Energy, and Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc. FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the NSF Engineering Research Center for EUV Science and Technology, the Department of Energy, and Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc. for contributing use of the laser for this experiment. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 28 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 20 BP 17376 EP 17383 DI 10.1364/OE.17.017376 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 500JP UT WOS:000270295300017 PM 19907523 ER PT J AU Jeffries, GDM Milne, G Zhao, YQ Lopez-Mariscal, C Chiu, DT AF Jeffries, Gavin D. M. Milne, Graham Zhao, Yiqiong Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos Chiu, Daniel T. TI Optofluidic generation of Laguerre-Gaussian beams SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DISPOSABLE MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; OPTICAL VORTICES; VORTEX STRUCTURE; LASER MODES; DRIVEN; LIGHT; FABRICATION; PARTICLES; TWEEZERS AB Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams have been extensively studied due to their unique structure, characterized by a phase singularity at the center of the beam. Common methods for generating such beams include the use of diffractive optical elements and spatial light modulators, which although offering excellent versatility, suffers from several drawbacks, including in many cases a low power damage threshold as well as complexity and expense. This paper presents a simple, low cost method for the generation of high-fidelity LG beams using rapid prototyping techniques. Our approach is based on a fluidic-hologram concept, whereby the properties of the LG beam can be finely controlled by varying the refractive-index of the fluid that flows through the hologram. This simple approach, while optimized here for LG beam generation, is also expected to find applications in the production of tunable fluidic optical trains. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Jeffries, Gavin D. M.; Milne, Graham; Chiu, Daniel T.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhao, Yiqiong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lopez-Mariscal, Carlos] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeffries, GDM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM chiu@chem.washington.edu RI Jeffries, Gavin/F-5135-2011 OI Jeffries, Gavin/0000-0001-5533-169X FU NIH [GM085485] FX We gratefully acknowledge NIH GM085485 for support of this work. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 28 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 20 BP 17555 EP 17562 DI 10.1364/OE.17.017555 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 500JP UT WOS:000270295300033 PM 19907539 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Dudowicz, J Freed, KF AF Douglas, Jack F. Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. TI Crowding Induced Self-Assembly and Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; VOLUME-EXCLUSION; EXCLUDED-VOLUME; ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; POLYMER BLENDS; PROTEIN; ASSOCIATION; MONOMER; THERMODYNAMICS; PRECIPITATION AB We develop a general virial expansion to describe the influence of molecular additives on the equilibrium self-assembly of proteins or other supermolecularly assembling species M in solution. When specialized to high molar mass polymer additives, the cross-virial coefficient between the polymer and M, which dominates this effect, is found to vanish at a particular temperature T(Theta) corresponding to an enthalpy-entropy compensation condition. Specifically, the increased stability of the assembled form of M, due to the modification of the entropy of the assembly by repulsive polymer-protein interactions, is progressively compensated by attractive interactions that alter the enthalpy of assembly. C1 [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF [CHE-0749788] FX This research is supported, in part, by the NSF under Grant. No. CHE-0749788. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 13 AR 135701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.135701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 499RA UT WOS:000270241100030 PM 19905522 ER PT J AU Hermele, M Gurarie, V Rey, AM AF Hermele, Michael Gurarie, Victor Rey, Ana Maria TI Mott Insulators of Ultracold Fermionic Alkaline Earth Atoms: Underconstrained Magnetism and Chiral Spin Liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM HALL STATES; LARGE-N LIMIT; VALENCE-BOND; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; EXCITATIONS; SYSTEMS; PHYSICS; GASES AB We study Mott insulators of fermionic alkaline earth atoms, described by Heisenberg spin models with enhanced SU(N) symmetry. In dramatic contrast to SU(2) magnetism, more than two spins are required to form a singlet. On the square lattice, the classical ground state is highly degenerate and magnetic order is thus unlikely. In a large-N limit, we find a chiral spin liquid ground state with topological order and Abelian fractional statistics. We discuss its experimental detection. Chiral spin liquids with non-Abelian anyons may also be realizable with alkaline earth atoms. C1 [Hermele, Michael; Gurarie, Victor; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hermele, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Hermele, Michael/B-9424-2009; OI Hermele, Michael/0000-0003-2594-1176 FU NIST; NSF [DMR-0449521] FX We thank Paul Julienne for useful discussions, and acknowledge support from NIST and NSF (A.M.R.) and NSF Grant No. DMR-0449521 (V.G.). NR 39 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 13 AR 135301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.135301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 499RA UT WOS:000270241100028 PM 19905520 ER PT J AU Chang, YJ Gray, JM Imtiaz, A Seghete, D Wallis, TM George, SM Kabos, P Rogers, CT Bright, VM AF Chang, Yuan-Jen Gray, Jason M. Imtiaz, Atif Seghete, Dragos Wallis, T. Mitch George, Steven M. Kabos, Pavel Rogers, Charles T. Bright, Victor M. TI Micromachined resonators of high Q-factor based on atomic layer deposited alumina SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Atomic layer deposition; Alumina; Micro-resonator; Resonant frequency; SEM; AFM ID BINARY REACTION SEQUENCE; ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; GROWTH AB In this paper, atomic layer deposited (ALD) alumina (Al(2)O(3)) has been demonstrated as the structural material for a micro-resonator for the first time. An electrostatically actuated micro-bridge made of chromium (Cr) coated ALD Al(2)O(3) Was used as a resonator. The resonator was formed by simple wet- and dry-etching processes. The static displacement profile of the micro-resonator under electrostatic load was measured by an optical interferometer. A model of a pinned-pinned beam with axial stress of 250 MPa was used to fit the measured data. Two techniques based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were developed to characterize the resonant frequencies of different modes and quality factor of the resonator. The measured resonant frequencies match well with the calculated values with residual stress of 258 MPa, providing additional insight into resonator model and ALD alumina material properties. The developed techniques can be applied to further size reduction of devices made with ALD methods. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, Yuan-Jen; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gray, Jason M.; Rogers, Charles T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Imtiaz, Atif; Wallis, T. Mitch; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Seghete, Dragos; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM changy@colorado.edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 FU DARPA/MTO and SPAWAR [N66001-07-1-2033] FX The DARPA/MTO and SPAWAR Grant No: N66001-07-1-2033 is gratefully acknowledged for the financial support. The authors would like to thank Wendy Krauser and Muhong Lin in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at CLI-Boulder for the lithography masks. Yuan-jen Chang would also like to thank Dr. Martin Dunn in the Department of Mechanical Engineering for valuable discussions about the modeling and Keith Cobry in the Department of Mechanical Engineering for S176 etching. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2008.11.015 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 504UP UT WOS:000270643500007 ER PT J AU Perez, MA Nguyen, U Knappe, S Donley, EA Kitching, J Shkel, AM AF Perez, Maximillian A. Nguyen, Uyen Knappe, Svenja Donley, Elizabeth A. Kitching, John Shkel, Andrei M. TI Rubidium vapor cell with integrated Bragg reflectors for compact atomic MEMS SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Atomic MEMS; Optical MEMS; Vapor cells; Bragg reflector; Thin films; PECVD; Magnetometer; Gyroscope ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; DEPOSITION; MIRRORS; REFLECTIVITY; SILICON; FILMS AB This paper reports on a method for improving the optical efficiency of micromachined reflectors integrated in rubidium vapor cells for application in atomic MEMS sensors. A hybrid bulk micromachining and multi layer PECVD thin film process is used to form the Bragg reflectors on angled sidewalls, which redirect laser light through the vapor cell and back toward the plane of the source with reduced optical power loss. integrated thin film Bragg reflectors are shown to improve the reflectance of the micromachined surface by almost three times, resulting in an optical return efficiency of two paired dielectric reflectors that is as much as eight times higher then uncoated silicon reflectors. Absorption of the (87)Rb D(1) absorption line at a wavelength of 795 nm in a 1 mm(3) vapor cell is demonstrated experimentally by use of two integrated thin film reflectors with a total optical return efficiency approaching 40%. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perez, Maximillian A.; Shkel, Andrei M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Microsyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Nguyen, Uyen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knappe, Svenja; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perez, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Microsyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM max.perez@uci.edu RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); NavigationGrade Integrated Micro Gyroscopes (NGIMG); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); US government FX The authors thank the staff of the Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility (INRF) for fabrication support and A. Schofield for micrograph assistance in the Zeiss Center of Excellence. Numerical optical calculations were done using the ewa MATLAB (c) [5] package by S.J. Orfanidis. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) NavigationGrade Integrated Micro Gyroscopes (NGIMG) program and is a partial contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the US government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 2 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2009.06.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 504UP UT WOS:000270643500016 ER PT J AU Zabow, G Dodd, SJ Moreland, J Koretsky, AP AF Zabow, G. Dodd, S. J. Moreland, J. Koretsky, A. P. TI The fabrication of uniform cylindrical nanoshells and their use as spectrally tunable MRI contrast agents SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON-OXIDE; POROUS ALUMINA TEMPLATES; STEM-CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; ARRAYS; METAL; NANOCRYSTALS; REDEPOSITION; PARTICLES; NANOTUBES AB A new form of tunable magnetic resonance imaging agent based on precisely dimensioned cylindrical magnetic nanoshells is introduced. Using top-down prepatterned substrates, the nanoshells are fabricated by exploiting what is usually regarded as a detrimental processing side-effect, namely the redeposition of material back-sputtered during ion-milling. The well-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance peaks of the resulting nanostructures attest to the nanoscale fabrication control and the general feasibility of such sputter redeposition for fabrication of a variety of self-supporting, highly monodisperse nanoscale structures. C1 [Zabow, G.; Dodd, S. J.; Koretsky, A. P.] NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Zabow, G.; Moreland, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zabow, G (reprint author), NINDS, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zabow@boulder.nist.gov RI Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU NIH NINDS Intramural Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the NIH NINDS Intramural Research Program. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 38 AR 385301 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/38/385301 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 488NP UT WOS:000269356900004 PM 19713581 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Krueger, S AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Krueger, Susan TI Poly(ethylene glycol)s 2000-8000 in water may be planar: A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) structure study SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Poly(ethylene glycol); Small-angle neutron scattering; Aqueous solution structure ID OXIDE)-MERCURIC CHLORIDE COMPLEX; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; OXIDE) SOLUTIONS; HYDRATION SHELL; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; POLYETHERS; SYSTEMS AB Poly(ethylene glycol)s of all molecular weights are highly soluble in water. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) data has been collected on buffered ionic D(2)O solutions of PEGs of nominal molecular weights 2000, 4000, and 8000 Da at a low concentration of 0.5% (w/v). The radii of gyration R(g) vary as approximately M(w)(0.5), which is consistent with both a Gaussian chain and a flat plate. Numerous types of experiments indicate flaws in the interpretation as a Gaussian chain. When the alternative interpretation is used, the structures in these dilute solutions are found to have a constant area stoichiometry of 1:1 water:-CH(2)CH(2)O- and are consistent with the data when monomeric molecules are plates of packed chains one chain thick. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.; Krueger, Susan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rubinson@nist.gov; susan.krueger@nist.gov NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 20 BP 4852 EP 4858 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.08.023 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 535HY UT WOS:000272959300014 ER PT J AU Abrantes, F Lopes, C Rodrigues, T Gil, I Witt, L Grimalt, J Harris, I AF Abrantes, F. Lopes, C. Rodrigues, T. Gil, I. Witt, L. Grimalt, J. Harris, I. TI Proxy calibration to instrumental data set: Implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE proxy; calibration; paleoceanography; latest Holocene; Portugal; inner shelf ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEDIMENT CORES; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; CIRCULATION; PORTUGAL; LISBON; RECORD AB High-resolution proxy data analyzed on two high-sedimentation shallow water sedimentary sequences (PO287-26B and PO287-28B) recovered off Lisbon (Portugal) provide the means for comparison to long-term instrumental time series of marine and atmospheric parameters (sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, total river flow, and upwelling intensity computed from sea level pressure) and the possibility to do the necessary calibration for the quantification of past climate conditions. XRF Fe is used as proxy for river flow, and the upwelling-related diatom genus Chaetoceros is our upwelling proxy. SST is estimated from the coccolithophore-synthesized alkenones and U(37)(k') index. Comparison of the Fe record to the instrumental data reveals its similarity to a mean average run of the instrumentally measured winter (JFMA) river flow on both sites. The upwelling diatom record concurs with the upwelling indices at both sites; however, high opal dissolution, below 20-25 cm, prevents its use for quantitative reconstructions. Alkenone-derived SST at site 28B does not show interannual variation; it has a mean value around 16 degrees C and compares quite well with the instrumental winter/spring temperature. At site 26B the mean SST is the same, but a high degree of interannual variability (up to 4 degrees C) appears to be determined by summer upwelling conditions. Stepwise regression analyses of the instrumental and proxy data sets provided regressions that explain from 65 to 94% of the variability contained in the original data, and reflect spring and summer river flow, as well as summer and winter upwelling indices, substantiating the relevance of seasons to the interpretation of the different proxy signals. The lack of analogs and the small data set available do not allow quantitative reconstructions at this time, but this might be a powerful tool for reconstructing past North Atlantic Oscillation conditions, should we be able to find continuous high-resolution records and overcome the analog problem. C1 [Abrantes, F.; Lopes, C.; Rodrigues, T.; Gil, I.] Lab Nacl Energia & Geol, Unidade Geol Marinha, P-2721866 Amadora, Portugal. [Rodrigues, T.; Grimalt, J.] CSIC, Dept Environm Chem, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, E-08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Lopes, C.; Gil, I.] CIMAR, Oporto, Portugal. [Witt, L.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SWFSC, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Harris, I.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR2 4HG, Norfolk, England. RP Abrantes, F (reprint author), Lab Nacl Energia & Geol, Unidade Geol Marinha, Apartado 7586, P-2721866 Amadora, Portugal. EM fatima.abrantes@ineti.pt RI Grimalt, Joan/E-2073-2011; LNEG, Producao Cientifica/D-2212-2012; Scientific output, CIIMAR/E-5122-2012; Abrantes, Fatima /B-5985-2013; Lopes, Cristina/J-4193-2013; Rodrigues, Teresa/G-2912-2013 OI Grimalt, Joan/0000-0002-7391-5768; Gil, Isabelle/0000-0001-5151-2258; Scientific output, CIIMAR/0000-0001-6270-2153; Abrantes, Fatima /0000-0002-9110-0212; Lopes, Cristina/0000-0001-9884-5914; Rodrigues, Teresa/0000-0001-7811-7506 FU LNEG [EVK2-CT-2000-00060]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia; [PO287]; [D134] FX This work was conducted as a follow-up of the Holsmeer project (EVK2-CT-2000-00060), with further financial support from LNEG (former INETI) and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia through the INGMAR project. The authors acknowledge the captain and crew of the PO287 and D134 campaigns, C. Monteiro and A. Ines for laboratory support, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD SEP 22 PY 2009 VL 10 AR Q09U07 DI 10.1029/2009GC002604 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 499OP UT WOS:000270234100001 ER PT J AU Waugh, DW Oman, L Newman, PA Stolarski, RS Pawson, S Nielsen, JE Perlwitz, J AF Waugh, D. W. Oman, L. Newman, P. A. Stolarski, R. S. Pawson, S. Nielsen, J. E. Perlwitz, J. TI Effect of zonal asymmetries in stratospheric ozone on simulated Southern Hemisphere climate trends SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Stratospheric ozone is represented in most climate models by prescribing zonal-mean fields. We examine the impact of this on Southern Hemisphere (SH) trends using a chemistry climate model (CCM): multi-decadal simulations with interactive stratospheric chemistry are compared with parallel simulations using the same model in which the zonal-mean ozone is prescribed. Prescribing zonal-mean ozone results in a warmer Antarctic stratosphere when there is a large ozone hole, with much smaller differences at other times. As a consequence, Antarctic temperature trends for 1960 to 2000 and 2000 to 2050 in the CCM are underestimated when zonal-mean ozone is prescribed. The impacts of stratospheric changes on the tropospheric circulation (i.e., summertime trends in the SH annular mode) are also underestimated. This shows that SH trends related to ozone depletion and recovery are underestimated when interactions between stratospheric ozone and climate are approximated by an imposed zonal-mean ozone field. Citation: Waugh, D. W., L. Oman, P. A. Newman, R. S. Stolarski, S. Pawson, J. E. Nielsen, and J. Perlwitz (2009), Effect of zonal asymmetries in stratospheric ozone on simulated Southern Hemisphere climate trends, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18701, doi:10.1029/2009GL040419. C1 [Waugh, D. W.; Oman, L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Newman, P. A.; Stolarski, R. S.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pawson, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perlwitz, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Waugh, DW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 320 Olin Bldg,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM waugh@jhu.edu RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 FU NASA MAP; NSF FX This research was supported by the NASA MAP and NSF Large-scale Climate Dynamics programs. Computational resources were provided through NASA's High-End Computing program. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 22 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L18701 DI 10.1029/2009GL040419 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 499OT UT WOS:000270234600009 ER PT J AU Hule, RA Nagarkar, RP Hammouda, B Schneider, JP Pochan, DJ AF Hule, Rohan A. Nagarkar, Radhika P. Hammouda, Boualem Schneider, Joel P. Pochan, Darrin J. TI Dependence of Self-Assembled Peptide Hydrogel Network Structure on Local Fibril Nanostructure SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POWER-LAW APPROACH; X-RAY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DESIGNED PEPTIDE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DNA; POLYMERS; MICELLES; SYSTEMS AB Physically cross-linked, fibrillar hydrogel networks are formed by the self-assembly of beta-hairpin peptide molecules with varying degrees of strand asymmetry. The peptide registry in the self-assembled state can be used as a design element to generate fibrils with twisting, nontwisting, or laminated morphology. The mass density of the networks varies significantly, and call be directly related to the local fibrillar morphology as evidenced by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and in situ substantiation using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) under identical concentrations and conditions. Similarly, the density of the network is dependent on changes in the peptide concentration. Bulk rheological properties of the hydrogels can be correlated to the fibrillar nanostructure, with the stiffer, laminated fibrils forming networks with it higher G' as compared to the flexible, singular fibrillar networks. C1 [Hule, Rohan A.; Pochan, Darrin J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hule, Rohan A.; Pochan, Darrin J.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Nagarkar, Radhika P.; Schneider, Joel P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pochan, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM pochan@udel.edu RI Schneider, Joel/N-2610-2014 FU NSF [CHE0348323]; US Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178]; NIH [5RO1DEO16383]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This work was Supported by NSF CHE0348323 (JPS-RPN), a Small Angle Neutron Scattering on Polymers and Complex Fluids Award (DJP-RAH, US Department of Commerce, # 70NANB7H6178), NIH 5RO1DEO16383, and the W. M. Keck Foundation for funding the College of Engineering Electron Microscopy Laboratory. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 74 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 22 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 18 BP 7137 EP 7145 DI 10.1021/ma9003242 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 492YR UT WOS:000269699400041 PM 21566682 ER PT J AU Stukalin, EB Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Stukalin, Evgeny B. Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Application of the entropy theory of glass formation to poly(alpha-olefins) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; VOLUME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS; LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; GIBBS-DIMARZIO THEORY; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FORMING LIQUIDS; ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE AB The entropy theory of glass formation, which has previously been developed to describe general classes of polymeric glass-forming liquids, is extended here to model the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of poly(alpha-olefins). By combining this thermodynamic theory with the Adam-Gibbs model (which relates the configurational entropy to the rate of structural relaxation), we provide systematic computations for all four characteristic temperatures (T(A), T(c), T(g), T(0)), governing the position and breadth of the glass transition, and the fragility parameters (D, m) describing the strength of the temperature dependence of the structural relaxation time, where T(A) is the temperature below which the relaxation is non-Arrhenius, T(c) is the crossover or empirical mode-coupling temperature, T(g) is the glass transition temperature, and T(0) is the temperature at which the extrapolated relaxation time diverges. These temperatures and fragility parameters are evaluated as a function of molar mass, pressure, and the length n of the alpha-olefin side chains. The nearest neighbor interaction energy and local chain rigidities are found to strongly influence the four characteristic temperatures and the low temperature fragility. We also observe an "internal plasticization" of the poly(alpha-olefins) wherein the fragility decreases as the number n of "flexible" side group units increases. Our computations provide solid support for a pressure counterpart of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann relation. The entropy theory of glass formation predicts systematic changes in fragility with chain stiffness, cohesive energy, polymerization index, and side chain length, and qualitative trends in these parameters are discussed. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3216109] C1 [Stukalin, Evgeny B.; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stukalin, EB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM stukalin@uchicago.edu RI Stukalin, Evgeny/C-3313-2008 FU NSF [CHE-0749788]; PRF [46666-AC7]; Joint Theory Institute; University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory FX This research is supported in part by NSF (Grant No. CHE-0749788), PRF (Grant No. 46666-AC7), and by the Joint Theory Institute, which is funded by the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory. We are grateful to Jacek Dudowicz for several helpful discussions. This is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 67 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 11 AR 114905 DI 10.1063/1.3216109 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 497XG UT WOS:000270097400056 PM 19778147 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Nath, MJ AF Lau, Ngar-Cheung Nath, Mary Jo TI A Model Investigation of the Role of Air-Sea Interaction in the Climatological Evolution and ENSO-Related Variability of the Summer Monsoon over the South China Sea and Western North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; EL-NINO; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LA-NINA; PART I; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; SIMULATIONS; OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE; TELECONNECTIONS AB The summertime northeastward march of the climatological maritime monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS) and subtropical western North Pacific (WNP) is examined using the output from a 200-yr integration of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). Increased cloud cover and surface wind speed during monsoon onset over the SCS in May-June reduce the incoming shortwave flux and enhance the upward latent heat flux at the ocean surface, thereby cooling the local sea surface temperature (SST). The resulting east-west gradient in the SST pattern, with lower temperature in the SCS and higher temperature in the WNP, is conducive to eastward migration of the monsoon precipitation over this region. Upon arrival of the precipitation center in the WNP in July-August, the local circulation changes lead to weakening of the mei-yu-baiu rainband near 30 degrees N. The subsequent increases in local shortwave flux and SST impart a northward tendency to the evolution of the WNP monsoon. Many of these model inferences are supported by a parallel analysis of various observational datasets. The modulation of the above climatological scenario by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events is investigated by diagnosing the output from the coupled GCM and from experiments based on the atmospheric component of this GCM with SST forcings being prescribed separately in the equatorial Pacific, Indian Ocean, and SCS/WNP domains. During the May period after the peak phase of ENSO, the simulated monsoon onset over the SCS occurs later (earlier) than normal in El Nino (La Nina) events. These changes are primarily remote responses to the anomalous SST forcing in the equatorial Pacific and Indian Ocean. The ENSO-related changes in the SCS/WNP are associated with above-normal (below normal) mei-yu-baiu activity during warm (cold) events. In the ensuing July period of the warm events, the simulated precipitation response over the SCS to the local warm SST anomaly tends to oppose the remote response to SST forcing in the northern Indian Ocean. In the July period of cold events, the equatorial Pacific SST anomaly retains its strength and moves still farther westward. This forcing cooperates with the cold SST anomaly in the SCS in influencing the precipitation pattern in the SCS/WNP sector. C1 [Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Nath, Mary Jo] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.lau@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 21 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 18 BP 4771 EP 4792 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2758.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496ZT UT WOS:000270021000004 ER PT J AU DiNezio, PN Clement, AC Vecchi, GA Soden, BJ Kirtman, BP AF DiNezio, Pedro N. Clement, Amy C. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Soden, Brian J. Kirtman, Benjamin P. TI Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global Warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; EL-NINO-LIKE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; EVAPORATION MINIMUM; INCREASED CO2; SYSTEM MODEL; COLD-TONGUE; CONVECTION AB The climate response of the equatorial Pacific to increased greenhouse gases is investigated using numerical experiments from 11 climate models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fourth Assessment Report. Multimodel mean climate responses to CO(2) doubling are identified and related to changes in the heat budget of the surface layer. Weaker ocean surface currents driven by a slowing down of the Walker circulation reduce ocean dynamical cooling throughout the equatorial Pacific. The combined anomalous ocean dynamical plus radiative heating from CO(2) is balanced by different processes in the western and eastern basins: Cloud cover feedbacks and evaporation balance the heating over the warm pool, while increased cooling by ocean vertical heat transport balances the warming over the cold tongue. This increased cooling by vertical ocean heat transport arises from increased near-surface thermal stratification, despite a reduction in vertical velocity. The stratification response is found to be a permanent feature of the equilibrium climate potentially linked to both thermodynamical and dynamical changes within the equatorial Pacific. Briefly stated, ocean dynamical changes act to reduce (enhance) the net heating in the east (west). This explains why the models simulate enhanced equatorial warming, rather than El Nino-like warming, in response to a weaker Walker circulation. To conclude, the implications for detecting these signals in the modern observational record are discussed. C1 [DiNezio, Pedro N.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP DiNezio, PN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pdinezio@rsmas.miami.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 NR 67 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 21 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 18 BP 4873 EP 4892 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2982.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496ZT UT WOS:000270021000010 ER PT J AU Zenkevich, IG Babushok, VI Linstrom, PJ White, E Stein, SE AF Zenkevich, I. G. Babushok, V. I. Linstrom, P. J. White, E., V Stein, S. E. TI Application of histograms in evaluation of large collections of gas chromatographic retention indices SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Gas chromatography; Retention indices; Database; Histograms; Multimode distribution; Quality control; Misidentification ID SUBSTANCES; SYSTEM; SE-30 AB The effective use of gas chromatographic retention data presented in the form of retention indices (RI) requires the development of a comprehensive structure-based digital archive of retention parameters. Development of such an archive includes the collection of all available RI values for a variety of compounds including replicates measured under slightly different conditions. Review of retention data often shows a relatively wide range of RI values for certain well studied compounds that is larger than expected on the basis of the simple reproducibility of experimental measurements. The finding of unusual RI data distributions and their examination presents a possible way to detect and correct errors during the development of comprehensive RI libraries. Our approach involves the construction of histograms representing the distribution of data-points in various RI intervals. The observed shape of the distribution is compared to the expected and observed shapes for well-identified compounds. Significant systematic deviations represent anomalies in the sets of RI data. The occurrence of more than a single maximum on a histogram generally indicates the presence of erroneous data. For some compounds such multimode RI distributions may be caused by differences in experimental conditions of the RI determination. The construction and interpretation of histograms for compounds with multiple RI measurements is illustrated by several examples. Thus, the RI sub-set for the diterpene alcohol, isophytol, was separated from the Rl data set for phytol and four additional sub-groups of published RI data for one of the sesquiterpenes, gamma-elemene. were re-identified as alpha-, beta-, delta-elemenes and germacrene B. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zenkevich, I. G.; Babushok, V. I.; Linstrom, P. J.; White, E., V; Stein, S. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, SE (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.stein@nist.gov RI Zenkevich, Igor/N-1088-2013; OI Linstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3204-3454 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 18 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 38 BP 6651 EP 6661 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.065 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 496IA UT WOS:000269962600012 PM 19683242 ER PT J AU Rodgers, KB Key, RM Gnanadesikan, A Sarmiento, JL Aumont, O Bopp, L Doney, SC Dunne, JP Glover, DM Ishida, A Ishii, M Jacobson, AR Lo Monaco, C Maier-Reimer, E Mercier, H Metzl, N Perez, FF Rios, AF Wanninkhof, R Wetzel, P Winn, CD Yamanaka, Y AF Rodgers, Keith B. Key, Robert M. Gnanadesikan, Anand Sarmiento, Jorge L. Aumont, Olivier Bopp, Laurent Doney, Scott C. Dunne, John P. Glover, David M. Ishida, Akio Ishii, Masao Jacobson, Andrew R. Lo Monaco, Claire Maier-Reimer, Ernst Mercier, Herle Metzl, Nicolas Perez, Fiz F. Rios, Aida F. Wanninkhof, Rik Wetzel, Patrick Winn, Christopher D. Yamanaka, Yasuhiro TI Using altimetry to help explain patchy changes in hydrographic carbon measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GOVERNING INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEA CO2 FLUXES; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CLIMATE MODELS; INDIAN-OCEAN; SIMULATION; PACIFIC; ICE; AIR; TEMPERATURE AB Here we use observations and ocean models to identify mechanisms driving large seasonal to interannual variations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (O-2) in the upper ocean. We begin with observations linking variations in upper ocean DIC and O-2 inventories with changes in the physical state of the ocean. Models are subsequently used to address the extent to which the relationships derived from short-timescale (6 months to 2 years) repeat measurements are representative of variations over larger spatial and temporal scales. The main new result is that convergence and divergence (column stretching) attributed to baroclinic Rossby waves can make a first-order contribution to DIC and O-2 variability in the upper ocean. This results in a close correspondence between natural variations in DIC and O-2 column inventory variations and sea surface height (SSII) variations over much of the ocean. Oceanic Rossby wave activity is an intrinsic part of the natural variability in the climate system and is elevated even in the absence of significant interannual variability in climate mode indices. The close correspondence between SSII and both DIC and O-2 column inventories for many regions suggests that SSII changes (inferred from satellite altimetry) may prove useful in reducing uncertainty in separating natural and anthropogenic DIC signals (using measurements from Climate Variability and Predictability's CO2/Repeat Hydrography program). C1 [Rodgers, Keith B.; Key, Robert M.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Gnanadesikan, Anand; Dunne, John P.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Aumont, Olivier; Lo Monaco, Claire; Metzl, Nicolas] Univ Paris 06, IPSL, LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Aumont, Olivier; Mercier, Herle] CNRS, UBO, IRD, IFREMER,LPO, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Bopp, Laurent] DSM, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Doney, Scott C.; Glover, David M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ishida, Akio] JAMSTEC, FRCGC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Ishida, Akio] JAMSTEC, IORGC, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Ishii, Masao] Mission Res Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maier-Reimer, Ernst; Wetzel, Patrick] MPI, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Perez, Fiz F.; Rios, Aida F.] CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Winn, Christopher D.] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat & Computat Sci, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Yamanaka, Yasuhiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Rodgers, KB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,311 Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Lo Monaco, Claire/E-1696-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/H-7393-2012; MERCIER, Herle/L-4161-2015; Aumont, Olivier/G-5207-2016 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-3369-3248; MERCIER, Herle/0000-0002-1940-617X; Aumont, Olivier/0000-0003-3954-506X FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO) [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752, NA08OAR4310820]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) through the support of BP, Amaco, and Ford; European Union FP6 CARBOOCEAN Integrated project [51176]; French OVIDE project; Spanish Salvador de Madariaga program [PR2006-0523]; European NOCES project [EVK2-CT201-00134]; CREST, JST of Japan; INSU (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers); IPSL ( Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace); IPEV ( Institut Paul-Emile Victor) FX Special thanks are due to Stephanie Henson for her insights and suggestions regarding the AVISO data product and to Sara Mikaloff Fletcher for her constructive criticisms with the original manuscript. This report was prepared by K. B. R. under awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U. S. Department of Commerce. Support for K. B. R. was also provided by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) through the support of BP, Amaco, and Ford. R. M. K. was supported by NOAA grants NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752, and NA08OAR4310820. F. F. P. was supported by the European Union FP6 CARBOOCEAN Integrated project ( contract 51176), the French OVIDE project, and the Spanish Salvador de Madariaga program (PR2006-0523). This work was also supported by the European NOCES project (EVK2-CT201-00134). Y. Y. and A. I. are partly supported by CREST, JST of Japan. The long-term OISO observational program in the South Indian Ocean is supported by the following three French institutes: INSU (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers), IPSL ( Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace), and IPEV ( Institut Paul-Emile Victor). NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 18 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C09013 DI 10.1029/2008JC005183 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 497KE UT WOS:000270057300001 ER PT J AU Kim, K Chang, MS Islam, R Korenblit, S Duan, LM Monroe, C AF Kim, K. Chang, M. -S. Islam, R. Korenblit, S. Duan, L. -M. Monroe, C. TI Entanglement and Tunable Spin-Spin Couplings between Trapped Ions Using Multiple Transverse Modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; ATOMIC IONS; GATES AB We demonstrate tunable spin-spin couplings between trapped atomic ions, mediated by laser forces on multiple transverse collective modes of motion. A sigma(x)sigma(x)-type Ising interaction is realized between quantum bits stored in the ground hyperfine clock states of Yb-171(+) ions. We demonstrate entangling gates and tailor the spin-spin couplings with two and three trapped ions. The use of closely spaced transverse modes provides a new class of interactions relevant to quantum computing and simulation with large collections of ions in a single crystal. C1 [Kim, K.; Chang, M. -S.; Islam, R.; Korenblit, S.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, K.; Chang, M. -S.; Islam, R.; Korenblit, S.; Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Chang, Ming-Shien/F-7922-2012 FU DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program; the NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI FX We acknowledge useful discussions with J. Freericks and G.-D. Lin. This work is supported by the DARPA Optical Lattice Emulator Program, IARPA under ARO contract, the NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. NR 21 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 18 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 12 AR 120502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.120502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 498KO UT WOS:000270139000003 PM 19792416 ER PT J AU Dlugokencky, EJ Bruhwiler, L White, JWC Emmons, LK Novelli, PC Montzka, SA Masarie, KA Lang, PM Crotwell, AM Miller, JB Gatti, LV AF Dlugokencky, E. J. Bruhwiler, L. White, J. W. C. Emmons, L. K. Novelli, P. C. Montzka, S. A. Masarie, K. A. Lang, P. M. Crotwell, A. M. Miller, J. B. Gatti, L. V. TI Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; METHANE; VARIABILITY; HYDROXYL AB Measurements of atmospheric CH4 from air samples collected weekly at 46 remote surface sites show that, after a decade of near-zero growth, globally averaged atmospheric methane increased during 2007 and 2008. During 2007, CH4 increased by 8.3 +/- 0.6 ppb. CH4 mole fractions averaged over polar northern latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere increased more than other zonally averaged regions. In 2008, globally averaged CH4 increased by 4.4 +/- 0.6 ppb; the largest increase was in the tropics, while polar northern latitudes did not increase. Satellite and in situ CO observations suggest only a minor contribution to increased CH4 from biomass burning. The most likely drivers of the CH4 anomalies observed during 2007 and 2008 are anomalously high temperatures in the Arctic and greater than average precipitation in the tropics. Near-zero CH4 growth in the Arctic during 2008 suggests we have not yet activated strong climate feedbacks from permafrost and CH4 hydrates. Citation: Dlugokencky, E.J., et al. (2009), Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18803, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039780. C1 [Dlugokencky, E. J.; Bruhwiler, L.; Novelli, P. C.; Montzka, S. A.; Masarie, K. A.; Lang, P. M.; Crotwell, A. M.; Miller, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Emmons, L. K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Crotwell, A. M.; Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gatti, L. V.] IPEN CNEN SP, Div Quim Ambiental, Lab Quim Atmosfer, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Dlugokencky, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ed.dlugokencky@noaa.gov; james.white@colorado.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 FU NASA [NNG06GE14A] FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program. We thank all organizations and individuals who have assisted us with our cooperative air sampling network. We are grateful for the efforts of all network observers. Measurements in Amazonia were supported NASA interagency agreement S-71307 and grant NNG06GE14A. NR 24 TC 248 Z9 257 U1 3 U2 83 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L18803 DI 10.1029/2009GL039780 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497JH UT WOS:000270054800004 ER PT J AU Gibson, SE Kozyra, JU de Toma, G Emery, BA Onsager, T Thompson, BJ AF Gibson, S. E. Kozyra, J. U. de Toma, G. Emery, B. A. Onsager, T. Thompson, B. J. TI If the Sun is so quiet, why is the Earth ringing? A comparison of two solar minimum intervals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL HOLES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WIND; CYCLES; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; STREAMS AB Observations from the recent Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) solar minimum campaign are compared to last cycle's Whole Sun Month (WSM) to demonstrate that sunspot numbers, while providing a good measure of solar activity, do not provide sufficient information to gauge solar and heliospheric magnetic complexity and its effect at the Earth. The present solar minimum is exceptionally quiet, with sunspot numbers at their lowest in 75 years and solar wind magnetic field strength lower than ever observed. Despite, or perhaps because of, a global weakness in the heliospheric magnetic field, large near-equatorial coronal holes lingered even as the sunspots disappeared. Consequently, for the months surrounding the WHI campaign, strong, long, and recurring high-speed streams in the solar wind intercepted the Earth in contrast to the weaker and more sporadic streams that occurred around the time of last cycle's WSM campaign. In response, geospace and upper atmospheric parameters continued to ring with the periodicities of the solar wind in a manner that was absent last cycle minimum, and the flux of relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt was elevated to levels more than three times higher in WHI than in WSM. Such behavior could not have been predicted using sunspot numbers alone, indicating the importance of considering variation within and between solar minima in analyzing and predicting space weather responses at the Earth during solar quiet intervals, as well as in interpreting the Sun's past behavior as preserved in geological and historical records. C1 [Gibson, S. E.; de Toma, G.; Emery, B. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kozyra, J. U.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Onsager, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thompson, B. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gibson, SE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM sgibson@ucar.edu RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 FU NASA-LWS [NNH05AA49I]; NASALWS [NNH05AB54I]; NASASRT [NNG05GM48G, NNX08AQ15G, NNX08AV83G]; NSF FX The Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) is coordinated under the auspices of the International Heliophysical Year, and we acknowledge David Webb's leadership role in WHI. We also thank the participants of the WHI Data and Modeling Assessment Workshop (August 2008, Boulder, Colorado) for working group discussions and P. Riley for showing us early model results for WHI that helped frame our understanding of the system. OMNI solar wind and IMF data include Wind and ACE satellite data time-shifted to the Earth's magnetosphere. The intercalibrated NOAA and DMSP auroral electron powers are from the CEDAR Database, which is supported by the NSF. SOHO is a project of international collaboration between ESA and NASA. G.d.T.'s work was supported by NASA-LWS grant NNH05AA49I, B.A.E.'s work was supported by NASALWS grant NNH05AB54I, and J.U.K.' s work was supported by NASASRT grants NNG05GM48G, NNX08AQ15G, and NNX08AV83G. NCAR is sponsored by the NSF. NR 42 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 17 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A09105 DI 10.1029/2009JA014342 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 497KT UT WOS:000270058800002 ER PT J AU Barsugli, JJ Nowak, K Rajagopalan, B Prairie, JR Harding, B AF Barsugli, Joseph J. Nowak, Kenneth Rajagopalan, Balaji Prairie, James R. Harding, Benjamin TI Comment on "When will Lake Mead go dry?" by T. P. Barnett and D. W. Pierce SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 [Barsugli, Joseph J.; Nowak, Kenneth; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harding, Benjamin] AMEC Inc, Earth & Environm Div, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Prairie, James R.] Univ Colorado, Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barsugli, Joseph J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Nowak, Kenneth; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Barsugli, JJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM joseph.barsugli@colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396 FU Western Water Assessment (NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce and University of Colorado cooperative agreement) [NA17RJ1229]; U. S. Department of the Interior; Bureau of Reclamation FX The work presented here was prepared with support in part from the Western Water Assessment (NOAA, U. S. Department of Commerce and University of Colorado cooperative agreement NA17RJ1229) and from the U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the BOR. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 17 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W09601 DI 10.1029/2008WR007627 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 497LH UT WOS:000270060300002 ER PT J AU Altieri, KE Turpin, BJ Seitzinger, SP AF Altieri, Katye E. Turpin, Barbara J. Seitzinger, Sybil P. TI Composition of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Continental Precipitation Investigated by Ultra-High Resolution FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; NORTH-CAROLINA; RAINWATER; DEPOSITION; PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN; PHOTOOXIDATION; CALIFORNIA; SPECIATION AB The atmospheric transport of fixed nitrogen (N) is a critical component of the global N cycle that has been heavily impacted by human activities. It has been shown that organic N is an important contributor to atmospheric N, but its sources and composition are largely unknown. Rainwater samples collected in New Jersey were analyzed by negative and positive ion ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Elemental compositions of 402 N-containing compounds were determined and five main groups of compound classes were identified: compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and N detected as positive ions (CHON+), compounds containing CHON detected as negative ions(CHON-), compounds containing CHN detected as positive ions (CHN+), and CHON compounds that contain sulfur (S) detected as both positive and negative ions (CHONS+, CHONS-, respectively). The CHON+ compound class has the largest number of compounds detected (i.e., 281), with the majority, i.e., 207, containing only one N atom. The elemental ratios of these compounds and their detection in the positive ion mode suggest that they are compounds with reduced N functionality. Known contributors to secondary organic aerosol with anthropogenic sources were also identified including organonitrate compounds and nitrooxy organosulfates. C1 [Altieri, Katye E.; Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Altieri, KE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM altieri@marine.rutgers.edu RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Altieri, Katye/M-5231-2014 OI Altieri, Katye/0000-0002-6778-4079 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0619608]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; WHOI Director's discretionary funds; National Center for Environmental Research; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R833751] FX We acknowledge Dr. Melissa Soule, Dr. Elizabeth Kujawinski, and the funding sources of the WHOI FT-MS Users' Facility (National Science Foundation OCE-0619608 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation). Travel support for K.E.A. to the WHOI FT-MS Facility was provided by the WHOI Director's discretionary funds. Graduate student support for K.E.A. was provided by the National Center for Environmental Research, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program R833751. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 6950 EP 6955 DI 10.1021/es9007849 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492KZ UT WOS:000269656200014 PM 19806726 ER PT J AU Andersson, E Nijenhuis, W Male, R Swanson, P Bogerd, J Taranger, GL Schulz, RW AF Andersson, Eva Nijenhuis, Wouter Male, Rune Swanson, Penny Bogerd, Jan Taranger, Geir Lasse Schulz, Rudiger W. TI Pharmacological characterization, localization and quantification of expression of gonadotropin receptors in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) ovaries SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fsh receptor; Lh receptor; cDNA cloning; Pharmacology; Expression; Ovary; In situ hybridisation; Fish; Salmon ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; CATFISH CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; GTH-I; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The gonadotropins Fsh and Lh interact with their receptors (Fshr and Lhr, respectively) in a highly specific manner in mammals with little overlap in biological activities. In fish, the biological activities seem less clearly separated considering, for example, the steroidogenic potency of both Fsh and Lh. Important determinants of the biological activity are the specificity of hormone-receptor interaction and the cellular site of receptor expression. Here, we report the pharmacological characterization of Atlantic salmon Fshr and Lhr, identify receptor-expressing cells in the ovary, and validate receptor mRNA quantification systems. For the pharmacological studies, we used highly purified coho salmon gonadotropins and found that the Fshr preferentially responded to Fsh, but was also activated by similar to 6-fold higher levels of Lh. The Lhr was specific for Lh and did not respond to Fsh. Photoperiod manipulation was used to generate ovarian tissue samples with largely differing stages of maturation. Specific real-time, quantitative (rtq) PCR assays revealed up to 40-fold (fshr) and up to 350-fold (lhr) changes in ovarian expression levels, which correlated well with the differences in ovarian weight, histology, and circulating oestrogen levels recorded in January and June, respectively. Vitellogenic ovaries were used to localise receptor-expressing cells by in situ hybridization. Granulosa cells of small and large vitellogenic follicles were positive for both receptors. Also theca cells of small and large vitellogenic follicles expressed fshr mRNA, while only in large vitellogenic follicles theca cells were (weakly) positive for lhr mRNA. While only ovulatory Lh levels seem high enough to cross-activate the Fshr, expression by both receptors by granulosa and theca cells suggests that homologous ligand receptor interaction will prevail. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nijenhuis, Wouter; Bogerd, Jan; Schulz, Rudiger W.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Div Endocrinol & Metab, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Andersson, Eva; Taranger, Geir Lasse; Schulz, Rudiger W.] Inst Marine Res, Res Grp Reprod & Growth Fish, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Male, Rune] Univ Bergen, Fac Sci, Dept Mol Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Swanson, Penny] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Schulz, RW (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Kruyt Bldg,Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. EM r.w.schulz@uu.nl RI Bogerd, Jan/B-8858-2011; Schulz, Rudiger/B-9046-2011; Andersson, Eva/C-1824-2012 OI Bogerd, Jan/0000-0003-1120-7974; Schulz, Rudiger/0000-0001-9115-669X; Andersson, Eva/0000-0002-7864-1014 FU European Union [QLRT-2001-01801]; National Institutes of Health [DK 69711]; Norwegian Research Council [139617/140]; Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs [159045/120] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following organisations: European Union (grant QLRT-2001-01801), National Institutes of Health (grant DK 69711) and Norwegian Research Council (contract 139617/140) and Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs (contract 159045/120). NR 61 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 3 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.001 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 473NF UT WOS:000268213000013 PM 19442667 ER PT J AU Shao, AM Xi, S Qiu, CJ Xu, Q AF Shao, Aimei Xi, Shuang Qiu, Chongjian Xu, Qin TI A hybrid space approach for ensemble-based 4-D variational data assimilation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MEASURING INFORMATION-CONTENT; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; MODEL ERROR ESTIMATION; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; PARAMETERIZED DISCONTINUITIES; GENERALIZED ADJOINT; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; ANALYSIS SCHEME; FORMULATION AB A new scheme is developed to improve the ensemble-based 4-D variational data assimilation (En4DVar). In this scheme, leading singular vectors are extracted from 4-D ensemble perturbations in a hybrid space and then used to construct the analysis increment to fit the 4-D innovation (observation minus background) data. The hybrid space combines the 4-D observation space with only a gridded 3-D subspace at the end of each assimilation cycle, so its dimension can be much smaller than the dimension of the fully gridded 4-D space used in the original En4DVar. This improves the computational efficiency. With this hybrid space approach, the analysis increment can fit the 4-D innovation data in the observation space directly and also provide the necessary initial condition in the gridded 3-D subspace exclusively for the model integration into the next assimilation cycle, so the background covariance matrix can be and only needs to be constructed by the ensemble perturbations in the 3-D subspace. This reduces the rank deficiency of the ensemble-constructed covariance matrix and improves analysis accuracy as long as the observations are not too sparse. The potential merits of the new scheme are demonstrated by assimilation experiments performed with an imperfect shallow-water equation model and simulated observations. C1 [Shao, Aimei; Xi, Shuang; Qiu, Chongjian] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Gansu Key Lab Arid Climate Change & Reducing Disa, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Shao, AM (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Gansu Key Lab Arid Climate Change & Reducing Disa, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation of China [40875063]; ONR [N000140410312] FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that greatly improved the presentation of the results. This work was supported by grant 40875063 from National Science Foundation of China to Lanzhou University and by ONR grant N000140410312 to University of Oklahoma. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D17114 DI 10.1029/2009JD012032 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 497JR UT WOS:000270055900007 ER PT J AU Stanley, SK Becker, ML Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Stanley, Scott K. Becker, Matthew L. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li TI Inhibitory Effects of a Phage-Derived Peptide on Au Nanocrystal Nucleation and Growth SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; AMPHIPHILE NANOFIBERS; GOODS BUFFERS; HEPES BUFFER; SIZE; HYDROGEN; NANOTECHNOLOGY; COMPLEXATION; REDUCTION AB Peptides have been shown to mediate the reduction and clustering of inorganic ions during biomineralization processes to build nanomaterials with well-defined shape, size, and composition. This precise control has been linked to specific amino acid sequence; however, there is a lack of information about the role of peptides during mineralization. Here, we investigate the nucleation and growth behavior of Au nanocrystals that are mediated by the engineered peptide AYSSGAPPMPPF. Unlike other nanocrystal synthesis schemes, this peptide produces Au nanocrystals from Au(III) ions at very low relative peptide concentrations, at ambient temperature, and in water at neutral pH. Our data show that (i) the peptide AYSSGAPPMPPF actually inhibits nucleation and growth of nanocrystals, (ii) HEPES plays an active chemical role as the reducing agent, and (iii) HAuCl(4) accelerates the kinetics of nanoparticle nucleation and growth, Herein, we propose empirical rate laws for nucleation and growth of Au nanocrystals and compare kinetic rate laws for this peptide, citrate, and various other polymer ligands. We find that the peptide belongs to a unique class of nonreducing inhibitor ligands regulating the surface-reaction-limited growth of nanocrystals. C1 [Stanley, Scott K.; Becker, Matthew L.; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stanley, SK (reprint author), P&G Beckett Ridge Tech Ctr, 8611 Beckett Rd, W Chester, OH 45069 USA. EM Stanley.s.5@pg.com; becker@uakron.edu FU National Research Council FX S.K.S. was awarded an NRC-NIST Postdoctoral Fellowship and thanks the National Research Council. M.L.B. gratefully acknowledges a NIST Innovation in Measurement Science Award "The Fate of Nanoparticles in Biosystems" for supporting this work. The authors thank Charfie Guttman and Peter Carmichael for helpful and insightful reviews of the manuscript and Steve Hudson for TEM assistance. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 18 BP 10886 EP 10892 DI 10.1021/la901222k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 492KR UT WOS:000269655000062 PM 19630407 ER PT J AU Perez, FR Barrero, CA Walker, ARH Garcia, KE Nomura, K AF Perez, F. R. Barrero, C. A. Walker, A. R. Hight Garcia, K. E. Nomura, K. TI Effects of chloride concentration, immersion time and steel composition on the spinel phase formation SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Spinel phases; Steels; Total immersion corrosion ID LOW-ALLOY STEELS; GREEN RUST ONE; WEATHERING STEEL; CORROSION PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC-CORROSION; PROTECTIVE ABILITY; STAINLESS-STEELS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SILICATE IONS; IRON-OXIDES AB The influences of chloride concentration, immersion time and steel composition on the physical properties of spinel phases formed as corrosion products in totally immersed tests were investigated. The results suggested that the spinel phase formed on carbon steels was magnetite, whereas that formed on weathering steels was maghemite independent upon immersion time and NaCl concentration in the solutions. In addition we found that: (i) magnetite was formed in large amounts but maghemite was presented in small amounts; (ii) magnetite exhibited relatively large average grains sizes, whereas maghemite had small average grains sizes; and (iii) the reported physical properties for both spinel phases suggested that cation substitution for iron and the presence of vacancies have occurred, thus pointing to very defective phases. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the steels, particularly the synergetic effect of certain amounts of Si, P, Ni, Cu and Cr, greatly affects the type of spinel phase being formed, their physical properties and their relative abundance. The rusts formed in both steels were non-protective, but the difference in the relative abundance of spinel in weathering and carbon steels suggest an inactive- and an active-type of rust, respectively. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perez, F. R.] Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, GOE, Medellin, Colombia. [Perez, F. R.; Barrero, C. A.; Garcia, K. E.] Univ Antioquia, Sede Invest Univ, Grp Estado Solido, Medellin, Colombia. [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nomura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Perez, FR (reprint author), Univ Pontificia Bolivariana, GOE, Circular 1 70-01, Medellin, Colombia. EM fperez@fisica.udea.edu.co RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU CODI-Universidad de Antioquia [IN1248CE]; CIDI-Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana [889-05/06-27] FX Authors greatly acknowledge to CODI-Universidad de Antioquia (Projects IN1248CE and Sustainability Programs during 2007-2008 for both the Solid State and the Scientific Instrumentation and Microelectronic Groups) and CIDI-Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (project 889-05/06-27) for financial support. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.05.045 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 487RC UT WOS:000269291500040 ER PT J AU Johnson, PR Tiesinga, E Porto, JV Williams, CJ AF Johnson, P. R. Tiesinga, E. Porto, J. V. Williams, C. J. TI Effective three-body interactions of neutral bosons in optical lattices SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; SMALL ATOMIC SAMPLES; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; RECOMBINATION; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; COLLAPSES AB We show that there are effective three- and higher-body interactions generated by the two-body collisions of atoms confined in the lowest vibrational states of a three- dimensional (3D) optical lattice. The collapse and revival dynamics of approximate coherent states loaded into a lattice are a particularly sensitive probe of these higher-body interactions; the visibility of interference fringes depend on both two-, three- and higher-body energy scales, and these produce an initial dephasing that can help explain the surprisingly rapid decay of revivals seen in experiments. If inhomogeneities in the lattice system are sufficiently reduced, longer timescale partial and nearly full revivals will be visible. Using Feshbach resonances or control of the lattice potential it is possible to tune the effective higher-body interactions and simulate effective field theories in optical lattices. C1 [Johnson, P. R.] American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Johnson, P. R.; Tiesinga, E.; Porto, J. V.; Williams, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, P. R.; Tiesinga, E.; Porto, J. V.; Williams, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, PR (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM pjohnson@american.edu RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 FU Research Corporation for Science Advancement; IARPA FX We thank J Sebby-Strabley and WD Phillips for very helpful conversations. PRJ acknowledges support from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. JVP acknowledges support from IARPA. NR 45 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 11 AR 093022 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/9/093022 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 494NB UT WOS:000269819000008 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Bhasin, S Wang, C Tai, SS Dodge, LA Singh, RJ Nelson, J Ohorodnik, S Clarke, NJ Salameh, WA Parker, CR Razdan, R Monsell, EA Myers, GL AF Vesper, Hubert W. Bhasin, Shalender Wang, Christina Tai, Susan S. Dodge, Larry A. Singh, Ravinder J. Nelson, Judie Ohorodnik, Susan Clarke, Nigel J. Salameh, Wael A. Parker, C. Richard, Jr. Razdan, Raj Monsell, Elizabeth A. Myers, Gary L. TI Interlaboratory comparison study of serum total testosterone measurements performed by mass spectrometry methods (vol 74, pg 498, 2009) SO STEROIDS LA English DT Correction C1 [Vesper, Hubert W.; Razdan, Raj; Monsell, Elizabeth A.; Myers, Gary L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Bhasin, Shalender] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Wang, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Wang, Christina] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. [Tai, Susan S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dodge, Larry A.; Singh, Ravinder J.] Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Nelson, Judie] Childrens & Womens Hlth Ctr BC, Newborn Screening Biochem Genet Labs, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada. [Ohorodnik, Susan] Taylor Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Clarke, Nigel J.; Salameh, Wael A.] QuestDiagnost Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 USA. [Parker, C. Richard, Jr.] Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HVesper@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 74 IS 9 BP 791 EP 791 DI 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.05.001 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 472KH UT WOS:000268129000014 ER PT J AU Pooser, RC Marino, AM Boyer, V Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Pooser, R. C. Marino, A. M. Boyer, V. Jones, K. M. Lett, P. D. TI Quantum correlated light beams from non-degenerate four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor: the D1 and D2 lines of Rb-85 and Rb-87 SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SQUEEZED STATES; D-1; ENTANGLEMENT; GENERATION; RESONANCES; COHERENCE; NOISE; DELAY AB We present experimental results showing that quantum correlated light can be produced using non-degenerate, off-resonant, four-wave mixing (4WM) on both the D1 (795 nm) and D2 (780 nm) lines of Rb-85 and Rb-87, extending earlier work on the D1 line of Rb-85. Using this 4WM process in a hot vapor cell to produce bright twin beams, we characterize the degree of intensity-difference noise reduction below the standard quantum limit for each of the four systems. Although each system approximates a double-lambda configuration, differences in details of the actual level structure lead to varying degrees of noise reduction. The observation of quantum correlations on light produced using all four of these systems, regardless of their substructure, suggests that it should be possible to use other systems with similar level structures in order to produce narrow frequency, non-classical beams at a particular wavelength. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Pooser, R. C.; Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pooser, R. C.; Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boyer, V.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, MUARC, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Jones, K. M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Pooser, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lett@nist.gov RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013; OI Pooser, Raphael/0000-0002-2922-453X FU Intelligence Community FX R. C. P. was supported by a grant from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Program. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 14 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 19 BP 16722 EP 16730 DI 10.1364/OE.17.016722 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 493KS UT WOS:000269736100039 PM 19770887 ER PT J AU Larson, KM Gutmann, ED Zavorotny, VU Braun, JJ Williams, MW Nievinski, FG AF Larson, Kristine M. Gutmann, Ethan D. Zavorotny, Valery U. Braun, John J. Williams, Mark W. Nievinski, Felipe G. TI Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER EQUIVALENT; ACCUMULATION; MULTIPATH; SITE; SOIL; SAR AB Snow is an important component of the climate system a critical storage component in the hydrologic cycle. However, in situ observations of snow distribution are sparse, and remotely sensed products are imprecise and only available at a coarse spatial scale. GPS geodesists have long recognized that snow can affect a GPS signal, but it has not been shown that a GPS receiver placed in a standard geodetic orientation can be used to measure snow depth. In this paper, it is shown that changes in snow depth can be clearly tracked in the corresponding multipath modulation of the GPS signal. Results for two spring 2009 snowstorms in Colorado show strong agreement between GPS snow depth estimates, field measurements, and nearby ultrasonic snow depth sensors. Because there are hundreds of geodetic GPS receivers operating in snowy regions of the U. S., it is possible that GPS receivers installed for plate deformation studies, surveying, and weather monitoring could be used to also estimate snow depth. Citation: Larson, K. M., E. D. Gutmann, V. U. Zavorotny, J. J. Braun, M. W. Williams, and F. G. Nievinski (2009), Can we measure snow depth with GPS receivers?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17502, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039430. C1 [Larson, Kristine M.; Nievinski, Felipe G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gutmann, Ethan D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, ISP, RAL, ASP, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Braun, John J.] UCAR, COSMIC, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Williams, Mark W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80209 USA. [Williams, Mark W.] INSTAAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Larson, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Box 429, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kristinem.larson@gmail.com RI Braun, John/B-2913-2010; Gutmann, Ethan/I-5728-2012; Geremia Nievinski, Felipe/G-4897-2013 OI Braun, John/0000-0002-6380-7739; Gutmann, Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430; Geremia Nievinski, Felipe/0000-0002-3325-1987 FU UNAVCO; NOAA; NSF [ATM 0740515, ATM 0740498]; CU FX We acknowledge support from UNAVCO, snow data from NOAA, NSF ATM 0740515 (CU), ATM 0740498 (UCAR), NSF support of the Niwot Ridge LTER program, and a CU seed grant. NR 24 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L17502 DI 10.1029/2009GL039430 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 493RS UT WOS:000269756200006 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Xiang, JG Ravel, B Kortright, J Flanagan, K AF Lee, Julia C. Xiang, Jingen Ravel, Bruce Kortright, Jeffrey Flanagan, Kathryn TI CONDENSED MATTER ASTROPHYSICS: A PRESCRIPTION FOR DETERMINING THE SPECIES-SPECIFIC COMPOSITION AND QUANTITY OF INTERSTELLAR DUST USING X-RAYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: abundances; dust, extinction; ISM: molecules; methods: data analysis; methods: laboratory; techniques: spectroscopic; X-rays: ISM ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PERTURBATION-THEORY APPROACH; IRON; SPECTROSCOPY; FE; TRANSMISSION; WAVELENGTHS; REFLECTION; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM AB We present a new technique for determining the quantity and composition of dust in astrophysical environments using <6 keV X-rays. We argue that high-resolution X-ray spectra as enabled by the Chandra and XMM-Newton gratings should be considered a powerful and viable new resource for delving into a relatively unexplored regime for directly determining dust properties: composition, quantity, and distribution. We present initial cross section measurements of astrophysically likely iron-based dust candidates taken at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Light Source synchrotron beamline, as an illustrative tool for the formulation of our technique for determining the quantity and composition of interstellar dust with X-rays. (Cross sections for the materials presented here will be made available for astrophysical modeling in the near future.) Focused at the 700 eV Fe L-III and L-II photoelectric edges, we discuss a technique for modeling dust properties in the soft X-rays using L-edge data to complement K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure analysis techniques discussed by Lee & Ravel. The paper is intended to be a techniques paper of interest and useful to both condensed matter experimentalists and astrophysicists. For the experimentalists, we offer a new prescription for normalizing relatively low signal-to-noise ratio L-edge cross section measurements. For astrophysics interests, we discuss the use of X-ray absorption spectra for determining dust composition in cold and ionized astrophysical environments and a new method for determining species-specific gas and dust ratios. Possible astrophysical applications of interest, including relevance to Sagittarius A*, are offered. Prospects for improving on this work in future X-ray missions with higher throughput and spectral resolution are also presented in the context of spectral resolution goals for gratings and calorimeters, for proposed and planned missions such as Astro-H and the International X-ray Observatory. C1 [Lee, Julia C.; Xiang, Jingen] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kortright, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flanagan, Kathryn] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 6, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015 OI Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences; [SAO AR8-9007] FX We acknowledge Eric Gullickson, Pannu Nachimuthu, and Elke Arenholz for beamline support. We thank Claude Canizares and Alex Dalgarno for advice and conversations, and Fred Baganoff for discussions relating to Sgr A*. The Advanced Light Source and JKB is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J. C. L. is grateful to Chandra grant SAO AR8-9007 and the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences for financial support. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 702 IS 2 BP 970 EP 979 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/970 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487BI UT WOS:000269245000015 ER PT J AU Romano-Diaz, E Shlosman, I Heller, C Hoffman, Y AF Romano-Diaz, Emilio Shlosman, Isaac Heller, Clayton Hoffman, Yehuda TI DISSECTING GALAXY FORMATION. I. COMPARISON BETWEEN PURE DARK MATTER AND BARYONIC MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: halos; galaxies: interactions galaxies; kinematics and dynamics ID FORCE-CALCULATION ALGORITHM; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; PHASE-SPACE DENSITY; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; GALACTIC HALOS; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICAL FRICTION; SPHERICAL SYSTEMS; FIGURE ROTATION; EVOLUTION AB We compare assembly of dark matter (DM) halos with and without baryons from identical initial conditions, within the context of cosmological evolution in the.CDM WMAP3 Universe (baryons+DM, hereafter BDM model, and pure DM, PDM model). In representative PDM and BDM models, we find that baryons contribute decisively to the evolution of the central region, leading to an isothermal DM cusp, and thereafter to a flat DM density core-the result of heating by dynamical friction of the DM+baryon substructure during a quiescent evolution epoch. This process ablates the cold gas from an embedded disk, cutting the star formation rate by a factor of 10, and heats up the spheroidal gas and stellar components, triggering their expansion. The substructure is more resilient to the tidal disruption in the presence of baryons. The disk which formed from inside-out as gas-dominated is transformed into an intermediate Hubble type by z similar to 2 and to an early type by z similar to 0.5, based on its gas contents and spheroidal-to-disk stellar mass ratio. We find that only a relatively small similar to 20% fraction of DM particles in PDM and BDM models are bound within the radius of maximal circular velocity in the halo, slightly less so within halo characteristic radii-most of the DM particles perform larger radial excursions. The DM particles are unbound to the cusp region. We also find that the fraction of baryons within the halo virial radius somewhat increases during the major mergers and decreases during the minor mergers. The net effect appears to be negligible-an apparent result of our choice of feedback from stellar evolution. Furthermore, we find that the DM halos are only partially relaxed beyond their virialization. While the substructure is being tidally disrupted, mixing of its debris in the halo is not efficient and becomes even less so with z. The phase-space correlations (streamers) formed after z similar to 1 will survive largely to the present time-an important implication for embedded disk evolution. C1 [Romano-Diaz, Emilio] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Shlosman, Isaac] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shlosman, Isaac] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heller, Clayton] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Hoffman, Yehuda] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Romano-Diaz, E (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. FU NASA/LTSA/ATP; NSF; NASA [NAS 5-26555] FX Discussions with John Dubinski, Shardha Jogee, and Simon White are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Ingo Berentzen for help with visualizations, and Jorge Villa- Vargas and Miguel A. Aragon- Calvo for helpful discussions on numerical issues. This research has been partially supported by NASA/LTSA/ATP, NSF and STScI to I. S. STScI is operated by the AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. I. S. is grateful to JILA Fellows for support. NR 66 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 702 IS 2 BP 1250 EP 1267 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/1250 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487BI UT WOS:000269245000039 ER PT J AU Christensen, V Walters, CJ Ahrens, R Alder, J Buszowski, J Christensen, LB Cheung, WWL Dunne, J Froese, R Karpouzi, V Kaschner, K Kearney, K Lai, S Lam, V Palomares, MLD Peters-Mason, A Piroddi, C Sarmiento, JL Steenbeek, J Sumaila, R Watson, R Zeller, D Pauly, D AF Christensen, Villy Walters, Carl J. Ahrens, Robert Alder, Jacqueline Buszowski, Joe Christensen, Line Bang Cheung, William W. L. Dunne, John Froese, Rainer Karpouzi, Vasiliki Kaschner, Kristin Kearney, Kelly Lai, Sherman Lam, Vicki Palomares, Maria L. D. Peters-Mason, Aja Piroddi, Chiara Sarmiento, Jorge L. Steenbeek, Jeroen Sumaila, Rashid Watson, Reg Zeller, Dirk Pauly, Daniel TI Database-driven models of the world's Large Marine Ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecopath with Ecosim; Ecosystem model; Global modeling; LME ID GLOBAL FISHERIES; EXPLOITED ECOSYSTEMS; NATURAL MORTALITY; ECOPATH; FISH; IMPACTS; BIOMASS; CATCHES; ECOSIM; CARBON AB We present a new methodology for database-driven ecosystem model generation and apply the methodology to the world's 66 currently defined Large Marine Ecosystems. The method relies on a large number of spatial and temporal databases, including FishBase, SeaLifeBase, as well as several other databases developed notably as part of the Sea Around Us project. The models are formulated using the freely available Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modeling approach and software. We tune the models by fitting to available time series data, but recognize that the models represent only a first-generation of database-driven ecosystem models. We use the models to obtain a first estimate of fish biomass in the world's LMEs. The biggest hurdles at present to further model development and validation are insufficient time series trend information, and data on spatial fishing effort. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Christensen, Villy; Walters, Carl J.; Ahrens, Robert; Buszowski, Joe; Christensen, Line Bang; Cheung, William W. L.; Karpouzi, Vasiliki; Lai, Sherman; Lam, Vicki; Palomares, Maria L. D.; Piroddi, Chiara; Steenbeek, Jeroen; Sumaila, Rashid; Watson, Reg; Zeller, Dirk; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 2K9, Canada. [Alder, Jacqueline] United Nations Environm Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Dunne, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Froese, Rainer] Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, IFM, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Kaschner, Kristin] Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol Zool 1, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. [Kearney, Kelly; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Palomares, Maria L. D.] WorldFish Ctr, SeaLifeBase Project, Los Banos, Philippines. [Peters-Mason, Aja] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Bellevue, WA USA. RP Christensen, V (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2K9, Canada. EM v.christensen@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Froese, Rainer/C-9687-2009; Christensen, Villy/C-3945-2009; Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012; Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Cheung, William/F-5104-2013; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; Steenbeek, Jeroen/F-9936-2016 OI Froese, Rainer/0000-0001-9745-636X; Christensen, Villy/0000-0003-0688-2633; Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Steenbeek, Jeroen/0000-0002-7878-8075 FU Global Environment Facility FX This activity was funded by the Global Environment Facility through the United Nations Environment Programme, and was part of the UNESCO/IC activity "Promoting Ecosystem-based Approaches to Fisheries Conservation in LME's (Global activity), Component 2.a" (UNESCO Contract Number 4500039066). A more detailed version of this contribution was published as IOCTech. Rep. 80. The activity was made possible through the activities and support of the Sea Around Us project, initiated and funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia. We also thank the Lenfest Oceans Program for funding the redevelopment of the Ecopath with Ecosim software, a necessary requirement for the present activity. We further thank Dr Kenneth Sherman, NOAA, for defining the project scope through many interesting discussions, seeing it through the GEF funding process, as well as for his sustained support of the research and capacity building that this activity has resulted in. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for useful edits and suggestions. NR 56 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 17 BP 1984 EP 1996 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.041 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 479LC UT WOS:000268659800005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ Kelble, CR Fischer, CJ Moore, L AF Zhang, Jia-Zhong Kelble, Christopher R. Fischer, Charles J. Moore, Lloyd TI Hurricane Katrina induced nutrient runoff from an agricultural area to coastal waters in Biscayne Bay, Florida SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient; nitrogen; phosphorus; silicon; hurricane; runoff; agriculture; fertilizer; Florida; Biscayne Bay ID LIQUID WAVE-GUIDE; CONTINUOUS-FLOW ANALYSIS; PAMLICO SOUND; MULTIPLE HURRICANES; NATURAL-WATERS; UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS; KEYS; EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Water quality surveys conducted in Biscayne Bay, Florida, indicated enhanced nutrient input coupled with increased runoff as a result of precipitation associated with Hurricane Katrina. Nutrient concentrations before Katrina ranged from 0.06-24.2 mu M (mean 3.3 mu M) for nitrate and 0.01-0.18 mu M (mean 0.1 mu M) for soluble reactive phosphate. Five days after Katrina, nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.87-80.0 mu M (mean 17.0 mu M), with a bay-wide mean increase of 5.2-fold over pre-hurricane levels. Soluble reactive phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.07-0.62 mu M (mean 0.2 mu M), with a bay-wide mean increase of 2-fold over pre-hurricane levels. The maximum concentrations for both nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate were found at a water quality monitoring station near the mouth of Mowry Canal, which drains an agricultural area in the southern Biscayne Bay watershed near Homestead. Florida. At this station, nitrate and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations increased 7- and 10-fold, respectively. Storm-induced fertilizer runoff from this agricultural area caused a bay-wide increase in nutrient concentrations after Hurricane Katrina. Nutrient concentrations in the bay returned to pre-hurricane levels within three months after Hurricane Katrina, showing the resiliency of the Biscayne Bay ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Kelble, Christopher R.; Fischer, Charles J.; Moore, Lloyd] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kelble, Christopher R.] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Fischer, Charles/A-3843-2017 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; FU NOAA's South Florida Program [NA67RJ0149] FX We thank Grant Rawson, Jeffrey Judas, and Charles Featherstone for assistance with the field surveys and sample collection and Gail Derr for English editing. This study was supported by NOAA's South Florida Program managed by the Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research and carried out, in part, under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), ajoint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA67RJ0149. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 69 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.06.026 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 490EG UT WOS:000269480200006 ER PT J AU Rahatekar, SS Rasheed, A Jain, R Zammarano, M Koziol, KK Windle, AH Gilman, JW Kumar, S AF Rahatekar, Sameer S. Rasheed, Asif Jain, Rahul Zammarano, Mauro Koziol, Krzysztof K. Windle, Alan H. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Kumar, Satish TI Solution spinning of cellulose carbon nanotube composites using room temperature ionic liquids SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Cellulose; Ionic liquids; Carbon nanotubes ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FIBERS WET-SPUN; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; 1-ALLYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DISSOLUTION; FLAMMABILITY; ENHANCEMENT AB Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/cellulose composite fibers were processed from solutions in ethyl methylimidazolium acetate (EMIAc). Rheological percolation in MWCNT/Cellulose/EMIAc solution was observed above 0.01 mass fraction of MWCNT, while electrical percolation in oriented fibers was observed above 0.05 mass fraction of MWCNTs with respect to the weight of the cellulose. Cellulose orientation and crystal size were significantly higher in the composite than in the control cellulose fiber. In addition, in the composite fiber, carbon nanotube orientation was higher than cellulose orientation. At 0.05 mass fraction MWCNT, fiber tensile strength increased by about 25%, strain to failure increased by 100%, and modulus essentially remained unchanged. The composite fibers showed lower thermal shrinkage than the control cellulose fiber. The axial electrical conductivity at 0.1 mass fraction MWCNTs in these oriented fibers was more than 3000 S/m. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rasheed, Asif; Jain, Rahul; Kumar, Satish] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rahatekar, Sameer S.; Zammarano, Mauro; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Koziol, Krzysztof K.; Windle, Alan H.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM satish.kumar@ptfe.gatech.edu RI Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010; Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011; Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; OI Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121; Zammarano, Mauro/0000-0002-5145-7110 FU NIST FX The financial support from NIST is gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 10 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 19 BP 4577 EP 4583 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.015 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 535HX UT WOS:000272959200022 ER PT J AU Lupton, JE Arculus, RJ Greene, RR Evans, LJ Goddard, CI AF Lupton, J. E. Arculus, R. J. Greene, R. R. Evans, L. J. Goddard, C. I. TI Helium isotope variations in seafloor basalts from the Northwest Lau Backarc Basin: Mapping the influence of the Samoan hotspot SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANTLE COMPONENTS; CRUSTAL ACCRETION; LAVAS; SR; HE AB New helium isotope results for seafloor basalts from the northern Lau Basin indicate that the signature of the Samoan hotpot has penetrated beneath the Rochambeau Rifts (RR) and the Northwest Lau Spreading Center (NWLSC) all the way to the Peggy Ridge (PR). Helium isotope ratios in 29 samples from the NWLSC - RR range from 10.9 to 28.1 Ra, all clearly higher than typical depleted mantle or MOR-type values. Comparison with other helium results from the northern Lau Basin show the Samoan hotspot influence is confined to the NWLSC - RR extensional zone, and is absent in the northeast Lau Basin and along the PR. The absence of high (3)He/(4)He ratios in the northeast Lau Basin may delimit the eastward extent of the Pacific Plate tear which allowed southward intrusion of the Samoan plume, or indicate deep mantle flow carrying the Samoan plume signal westward from the Samoan Islands. Citation: Lupton, J.E., R.J. Arculus, R.R. Greene, L.J. Evans, and C.I. Goddard (2009), Helium isotope variations in seafloor basalts from the Northwest Lau Backarc Basin: Mapping the influence of the Samoan hotspot, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17313, doi:10.1029/2009GL039468. C1 [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Arculus, R. J.] Australian Natl Univ, RSES, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Greene, R. R.; Evans, L. J.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Goddard, C. I.] Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lupton, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov FU NOAA [OCE 02-41909]; U.S. National Science Foundation FX The shore- and ship-based staff and crew of the Australian Marine National Facility are thanked for their outstanding support of the SS07/2008 research voyage. The latter part of this voyage was financially assisted by Teck Cominco and Nautilus Minerals. We are grateful to the governments of Fiji and Tonga for their permission to conduct scientific research in their waters. Susan Merle helped with the graphics; Doug Pyle, David Graham and Fernando Martinez provided helpful comments. Charlie Langmuir provided useful guidance for sample collections during expedition KM0417. This work was supported by the NOAA Vents Program and by grant OCE 02-41909 of the U.S. National Science Foundation. This is PMEL contribution 3338. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L17313 DI 10.1029/2009GL039468 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 493RQ UT WOS:000269756000004 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Solomon, S Portmann, RW Rosenlof, KH Forster, PM Wong, T AF Murphy, D. M. Solomon, S. Portmann, R. W. Rosenlof, K. H. Forster, P. M. Wong, T. TI An observationally based energy balance for the Earth since 1950 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN HEAT-CONTENT; SEA-LEVEL RISE; RADIATION BUDGET; CLIMATE SYSTEM; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; DECADAL CHANGES; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; FUTURE; VARIABILITY AB We examine the Earth's energy balance since 1950, identifying results that can be obtained without using global climate models. Important terms that can be constrained using only measurements and radiative transfer models are ocean heat content, radiative forcing by long-lived trace gases, and radiative forcing from volcanic eruptions. We explicitly consider the emission of energy by a warming Earth by using correlations between surface temperature and satellite radiant flux data and show that this term is already quite significant. About 20% of the integrated positive forcing by greenhouse gases and solar radiation since 1950 has been radiated to space. Only about 10% of the positive forcing (about 1/3 of the net forcing) has gone into heating the Earth, almost all into the oceans. About 20% of the positive forcing has been balanced by volcanic aerosols, and the remaining 50% is mainly attributable to tropospheric aerosols. After accounting for the measured terms, the residual forcing between 1970 and 2000 due to direct and indirect forcing by aerosols as well as semidirect forcing from greenhouse gases and any unknown mechanism can be estimated as -1.1 +/- 0.4 W m(-2) (1 sigma). This is consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's best estimates but rules out very large negative forcings from aerosol indirect effects. Further, the data imply an increase from the 1950s to the 1980s followed by constant or slightly declining aerosol forcing into the 1990s, consistent with estimates of trends in global sulfate emissions. An apparent increase in residual forcing in the late 1990s is discussed. C1 [Murphy, D. M.; Solomon, S.; Portmann, R. W.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Forster, P. M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Wong, T.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171; FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported by NOAA base and climate change funding. T. Wong is supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate through the CERES Project at the NASA Langley Research Center. We thank a number of people for digital versions of published data, including C. M. Domingues, J. A. Church, M. Ishii, and A. Koehl for ocean heat content; J. M. Gregory for radiative forcing; and T. Zhao for AVHRR optical depth. Sea level files were obtained from the CSIRO web site, stratospheric forcing history was obtained from the GISS web site, and global temperature history was obtained from the Hadley Centre web site. The CERES data are from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center. Levitus et al. [2009] data are available from the NOAA Oceanographic Data Center (ftp://ftp. nodc. noaa. gov/pub/data. nodc/woa/DATA_ANALYSIS/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/DATA/basin/yearly/ h22-w0-700m. dat). NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division from their web site (http://www.cdc.noa.gov/). NR 64 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 9 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D17107 DI 10.1029/2009JD012105 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 493RX UT WOS:000269756700002 ER PT J AU Pack, S Kashiwagi, T Stemp, D Koo, J Si, M Sokolov, JC Rafailovich, MH AF Pack, Seongchan Kashiwagi, Takashi Stemp, Daniel Koo, Jaseung Si, Mayu Sokolov, Jonathan C. Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI Segregation of Carbon Nanotubes/Organoclays Rendering Polymer Blends Self-Extinguishing SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYPROPYLENE/CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITES; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES AB We have shown that the addition of certain nanoparticles mixtures can enhance flame retardancy to a greater degree than the addition of either of the nanoparticles alone. The effect is particularly efficient in polymer blends, where more variables need to be considered in the flame behavior. We studied PS/PMMA blends and the respective homopolymers. In this paper we focused on the combination of multiwall carbon nanoutubes (MWCNTs) with clays. We found that the flame retardant (FR) particles segregate to the MWCNTs preferentially, thereby allowing the clays to segregate to the blend interfaces. In this manner both phase stabilization and good dispersion can be achieved. Both long (0.5-40 mu m) and short (1-2 mu m) MWCNTs were studied and the results indicated that the s-MWCNTs produced the superior flame retardant properties. Addition of all types of nanoparticles, including the standard FR formulations, decreased the time to ignition. Oil the other hand, the combination of s-MWCNT and clay significantly reduced the heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR.) relative to compounds with only one type of nanoparticles. Electron microscopy images of the nanocomposites and the chars showed that after heating the s-MWCNTs were able to diffuse and form a distinct phase in the nanocomposite. Exclusion of the clays allowed the s-MWCNTs to achieve better physical contacts, thereby improving the thermal conductivity. In contrast, the l-MWCNTs were entangled and therefore unable to move. The clays formed a barrier between the tube contacts, resulting in ail increase of the specific heat and the HRR and MLR relative to the unfilled or the compound with only clays. We therefore conclude that one must consider the organization of nanoparticles, as well as their chemical nature when designing flame retardant nanocomposites, since specific synergies may be established which can reduce the overall concentration of fillers. C1 [Pack, Seongchan; Koo, Jaseung; Sokolov, Jonathan C.; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kashiwagi, Takashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Si, Mayu] Venyance Technol Inc, Fairlawn, OH 44309 USA. [Stemp, Daniel] N Shore Hebrew Acad High Sch, Great Neck, NY 11020 USA. RP Pack, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM spack@ic.sunysb.edu; mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu FU NSF-MRSEC program; Brookhaven National Laboratory FX The authors thank Ms. Susan C. Van Horn from Central Microscopy Imaging Center (C-MIC) at Stony Brook University for taking TEM images. The authors also thank Prof. Edward Weil of Polytechnic University for reviewing and editing our initial manuscript and a revision. This work was Supported by the NSF-MRSEC program, the AERTc through a grant from Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 8 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6698 EP 6709 DI 10.1021/ma900966k PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 492DX UT WOS:000269635900046 ER PT J AU Park, MJ Balsara, NP Jackson, A AF Park, Moon Jeong Balsara, Nitash P. Jackson, Andrew TI Order-Disorder Transitions in Block Copolymer Electrolytes at Equilibrium with Humid Air SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; INTERACTION PARAMETER; SCATTERING; BLENDS; MEMBRANES; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE AB The effect of sulfonation level and domain size of hydrophilic channels on humidity-induced phase transitions in poly(styrenesulfonate-methylbutylene) (PSS-PMB) block copolymers was studied as a function of the relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the surrounding air by a combination of water uptake measurements and in situ small-angle neutron scattering. The equality of the chemical potential of water in the gas and polymer phases was exploited to determine the change in the partial molar entropy of water at order-disorder transitions. PSS-PMB samples with 5 nm domain spacing exhibited a disorder-to-order transition with increasing temperature at Fixed RH, while the PSS-PMB samples with 7 nm domain spacing exhibited an order-to-disorder transition with increasing temperature at Fixed RH. There is evidence to Suggest that the disorder-to-order transition is driven by an increase in the partial molar entropy of the water molecules, while the order-to-disorder transition is driven by more familiar driving forces wherein entropic contributions stabilize the disordered phase. C1 [Park, Moon Jeong; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Moon Jeong; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Moon Jeong; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Park, Moon Jeong/F-5752-2013 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 8 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6808 EP 6815 DI 10.1021/ma901073y PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 492DX UT WOS:000269635900058 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Xiao, Y Nelson, BC Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, Pawel Xiao, Yan Nelson, Bryant C. Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Measurement of (5 ' R)- and (5 ' S)-8,5 '-cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosines in DNA in vivo by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Oxidatively induced DNA damage; Hydroxyl radical; 8,5 '-Cyclo-2 '-deoxyadenosine; Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry; Isotope-dilution; C5 '-C8-cyclization; Nucleotide excision repair ID HUMAN-CELLS; REPAIR PATHWAY; CELLULAR-DNA; BASE DAMAGE; QUANTIFICATION; MS/MS; 8-OXO-7,8-DIHYDRO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; 8-OXO-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; 8-OXO-2'-DEOXYADENOSINE; OXIDATION AB Oxidatively induced DNA lesions (5'R)- and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines (R-cdA and S-cdA) are detectable and accumulate in vivo due to disease states and defects in DNA repair. They block transcription and inhibit gene expression, and may play a role in disease processes. Accurate measurement of these lesions in DNA in vivo is necessary to Understand their biological effects. We report on a methodology using liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry to measure R-cdA and S-cdA in DNA. This methodology permitted the detection of these compounds at a level of 0.1 fmol on-column. Levels of R-cdA and S-cdA in mouse liver DNA amounted to 0.133 +/- 0.024 and 0.498 +/- 0.065 molecules/10(7) DNA 2'-deoxynucleosides, respectively. The successful measurement of R-cdA and S-cdA in DNA in vivo suggests that this methodology will be used for understanding of their repair and biological consequences, and that these compounds may be used as putative biomarkers for disease states. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Xiao, Yan; Nelson, Bryant C.; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD SEP 4 PY 2009 VL 386 IS 4 BP 656 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.107 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 476RS UT WOS:000268462100021 PM 19559005 ER PT J AU Bradley, RS Keimig, FT Diaz, HF Hardy, DR AF Bradley, Raymond S. Keimig, Frank T. Diaz, Henry F. Hardy, Douglas R. TI Recent changes in freezing level heights in the Tropics with implications for the deglacierization of high mountain regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ICE CORE EVIDENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANDES; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS; PACIFIC; FUTURE AB The height of the freezing level in the tropical atmosphere (the free air 0 degrees C isotherm) has increased across most of the region, particularly in the outer Tropics. In the tropical Andes, south of the Equator, high elevation surface temperatures and upper air data show a similar trend in temperature, of similar to 0.1 degrees C/decade over the last 50 years. Meteorological observations at 5680 m on the summit of the Quelccaya Ice Cap, the largest ice mass in the Tropics, indicate that daily maximum temperatures often exceed 0 degrees C from October-May, and rise well above freezing for much of the year around the ice cap margin at 5200 m. This is consistent with observations of a rise in the percolation facies (an indicator of surface melting) in recent decades, and other observations of marginal recession, showing that the ice cap is rapidly losing mass. Similar conditions are likely to be affecting other high elevation ice caps and glaciers in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, with important implications for water supplies in the region. Over the Tropics as a whole, freezing level height (FLH) is closely related to mean SSTs, with inter-annual variations in FLH controlled by the phase of ENSO variability. More extensive monitoring of climatic conditions at high elevations in the mountains of the Tropics is urgently needed. Citation: Bradley, R. S., F. T. Keimig, H. F. Diaz, and D. R. Hardy (2009), Recent changes in freezing level heights in the Tropics with implications for the deglacierization of high mountain regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17701, doi:10.1029/2009GL037712. C1 [Bradley, Raymond S.; Keimig, Frank T.; Hardy, Douglas R.] Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bradley, RS (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rbradley@geo.umass.edu NR 25 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L17701 DI 10.1029/2009GL037712 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 492DT UT WOS:000269635500001 ER PT J AU Otte, AF Ternes, M Loth, S Lutz, CP Hirjibehedin, CF Heinrich, AJ AF Otte, A. F. Ternes, M. Loth, S. Lutz, C. P. Hirjibehedin, C. F. Heinrich, A. J. TI Spin Excitations of a Kondo-Screened Atom Coupled to a Second Magnetic Atom SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSISTOR; ANISOTROPY; RESONANCE AB Screening the electron spin of a magnetic atom via spin coupling to conduction electrons results in a strong resonant peak in the density of states at the Fermi energy, the Kondo resonance. We show that magnetic coupling of a Kondo atom to another unscreened magnetic atom can split the Kondo resonance into two peaks. Inelastic spin excitation spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy is used to probe the Kondo effect of a Co atom, supported on a thin insulating layer on a Cu substrate, that is weakly coupled to a nearby Fe atom to form an inhomogeneous dimer. The Kondo peak is split by interaction with the non-Kondo atom, but can be reconstituted with a magnetic field of suitable magnitude and direction. Quantitative modeling shows that this magnetic field results in a spin-level degeneracy in the dimer, which enables the Kondo effect to occur. C1 [Otte, A. F.; Ternes, M.; Loth, S.; Lutz, C. P.; Hirjibehedin, C. F.; Heinrich, A. J.] IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. [Otte, A. F.] Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Ternes, M.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Loth, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hirjibehedin, C. F.] UCL, Dept Chem, Dept Phys & Astron, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. RP Otte, AF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heinrich@almaden.ibm.com RI Otte, Sander/A-4838-2013; Ternes, Markus/M-9239-2015; OI Otte, Sander/0000-0003-0781-8537; Ternes, Markus/0000-0001-6800-4129; Hirjibehedin, Cyrus/0000-0003-1706-2147 FU Leiden University Fund; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; NSF GOALI; EPSRC [EP/D063604/1]; Office of Naval Research FX We thank B. A. Jones and J.M. van Ruitenbeek for stimulating discussions and B. J. Melior for his expert technical assistance. A. F. O. acknowledges support from the Leiden University Fund; S. L. from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and NSF GOALI grant; C. F. H. from EPSRC Grant No. EP/D063604/1; and M. T., C. P. L., and A. J. H. from the Office of Naval Research. NR 25 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 10 AR 107203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.107203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 492FH UT WOS:000269639800054 PM 19792339 ER PT J AU Home, JP Hanneke, D Jost, JD Amini, JM Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Home, Jonathan P. Hanneke, David Jost, John D. Amini, Jason M. Leibfried, Dietrich Wineland, David J. TI Complete Methods Set for Scalable Ion Trap Quantum Information Processing SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IONS; TELEPORTATION; MANIPULATION; COMPUTATION; COMPUTER; GATES AB Large-scale quantum information processors must be able to transport and maintain quantum information and repeatedly perform logical operations. Here, we show a combination of all of the fundamental elements required to perform scalable quantum computing through the use of qubits stored in the internal states of trapped atomic ions. We quantified the repeatability of a multiple-qubit operation and observed no loss of performance despite qubit transport over macroscopic distances. Key to these results is the use of different pairs of Be-9(+) hyperfine states for robust qubit storage, readout, and gates, and simultaneous trapping of Mg-24(+) "re-cooling" ions along with the qubit ions. C1 [Home, Jonathan P.; Hanneke, David; Jost, John D.; Amini, Jason M.; Leibfried, Dietrich; Wineland, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Home, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jonathan.home@gmail.com RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Hanneke, David/E-6941-2011; OI Home, Jonathan/0000-0002-4093-1550 FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; NIST Quantum Information Program; Lindemann Trust Fellowship FX This work was supported by Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity and the NIST Quantum Information Program. J. P. H. acknowledges support from a Lindemann Trust Fellowship. We thank E. Knill for helpful discussions, J. J. Bollinger for technical assistance, and Y. Colombe for comments on the manuscript. This paper is a contribution by NIST and not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 28 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 4 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5945 BP 1227 EP 1230 DI 10.1126/science.1177077 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490RY UT WOS:000269523200032 PM 19661380 ER PT J AU Sirovic, A Demer, DA AF Sirovic, Ana Demer, David A. TI Sounds of Captive Rockfishes SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; COWCOD SEBASTES-LEVIS; HEARING-LOSS; FISH AB Sound production by many fish species has been studied extensively, but little is known about sound production by rockfishes (genus Sebostes), and only a few species have been reported to be soniferous. To determine if additional rockfish species produce sounds, passive acoustic recordings were made during 2007/08 at Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute and Southwest Fisheries Science Center in tanks containing Bocaccio (S. poucispinis), Cowcod (S. levis), Starry Rockfish (S. constellatus), and Sunset Rockfish (S. crocotulus). Data were collected using pre-amplified hydrophones (HTI-94-SSQ) and digitized at sample rates of 44,100 or 8,000 Hz (using an Edirol R-09 recorder or Edirol UA-5 sound card and Ishmael software, respectively). Three distinct sounds were recorded in tanks containing only S. paucispinis and two of those sounds occurred at different rates during light and dark conditions. Their common characteristics were low frequency (below 800 Hz), short duration (<4 s), and low source levels (103-113 dB re: 1 mu Pa at 1 m). Also, there was evidence one or more other species produced sounds. These findings Indicate that more rockfishes produce sounds, and suggest passive acoustics could be a useful tool for remotely monitoring their populations. C1 [Sirovic, Ana; Demer, David A.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Sirovic, A (reprint author), Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM asirovic@alaskapacific.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 3 PY 2009 IS 3 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1643/CP-08-121 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 494AT UT WOS:000269782200010 ER PT J AU Katzberg, SJ Dunion, J AF Katzberg, Stephen J. Dunion, Jason TI Comparison of reflected GPS wind speed retrievals with dropsondes in tropical cyclones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SIGNALS; DROPWINDSONDE AB In an earlier communication, data were presented that demonstrated that quasi-specular, L-Band reflection measurements could be used to infer ocean surface winds. Applying an indirect calibration technique, a mean square slope versus surface wind speed was developed and reported. Retrievals using this calibration showed that the resulting surface wind speeds were comparable with other measurements. This report extends the previous results by presenting direct comparisons between GPS dropwindsonde (dropsonde)-reported wind speeds and the Bi-static GPS wind speed retrievals for data sets acquired in 2008. Editing of the Bi-static GPS data will be discussed that takes into effect overland and inside-the-eye winnowing. Data will be presented with a regression line to determine the comparative relationship. It will be shown that good agreement exists between the reflected Bi-static GPS retrieved winds and those reported by the dropsondes when certain well-defined types of data are excluded. Citation: Katzberg, S. J., and J. Dunion (2009), Comparison of reflected GPS wind speed retrievals with dropsondes in tropical cyclones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17602, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039512. C1 [Katzberg, Stephen J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Dunion, Jason] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Katzberg, SJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, MS 473, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM stephen.j.katzberg@nasa.gov RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L17602 DI 10.1029/2009GL039512 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 492CY UT WOS:000269633200001 ER PT J AU Aretxabaleta, AL McGillicuddy, DJ Smith, KW Manning, JP Lynch, DR AF Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Smith, Keston W. Manning, James P. Lynch, Daniel R. TI Model simulations of the Bay of Fundy Gyre: 2. Hindcasts for 2005-2007 reveal interannual variability in retentiveness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MAINE COASTAL CURRENT; DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX-EXCAVATA; GEORGES BANK CIRCULATION; SOUTHWEST NOVA-SCOTIA; WESTERN IRISH SEA; SEASONAL CIRCULATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTHERN FLANK; GULF; AREA AB A persistent gyre at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy results from a combination of tidal rectification and buoyancy forcing. Here we assess recent interannual variability in the strength of the gyre using data assimilative model simulations. Realistic hindcast representations of the gyre are considered during cruises in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Assimilation of shipboard and moored acoustic Doppler current profiler velocities is used to improve the skill of the simulations, as quantified by comparison with nonassimilated drifter trajectories. Our hindcasts suggest a weakening of the gyre system during May 2005. Retention of simulated passive particles in the gyre during that period was highly reduced. A recovery of the dense water pool in the deep part of the basin by June 2006 resulted in a return to particle retention characteristics similar to climatology. Retention estimates reached a maximum during May 2007 (subsurface) and June-July 2007 (near surface). Interannual variability in the strength of the gyre was primarily modulated by the stratification of the dense water pool inside the Grand Manan Basin. These changes in stratification were associated with mixing conditions the preceding fall-winter and/or advectively driven modification of water mass properties. C1 [Lynch, Daniel R.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L.; McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.; Smith, Keston W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Aretxabaleta, AL (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, Passeig Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. EM alfredo@icm.csic.es OI Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018 FU NSF [OCE-0430724, DMS-0417769]; NIEHS [1P50-ES01274201]; NOAA [NA06NOS4780245] FX The preparation of this paper was supported by NSF grant OCE-0430724, NIEHS grant 1P50-ES01274201 (Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health), and NOAA grant NA06NOS4780245 (GOMTOX). Additional support was provided by NSF grant DMS-0417769. We thank the crews of R/V Oceanus and R/V Endeavor for their assistance during the cruises. This is ECOHAB contribution 259. Finally, we thank the editor and the two anonymous referees for suggestions that helped improve and clarify the paper. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 114 AR C09005 DI 10.1029/2008JC004948 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 492EK UT WOS:000269637300002 ER PT J AU Duan, JS Park, K MacCuspie, RI Vaia, RA Pachter, R AF Duan, Jinsong Park, Kyoungweon MacCuspie, Robert I. Vaia, Richard A. Pachter, Ruth TI Optical Properties of Rodlike Metallic Nanostructures: Insight from Theory and Experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEED-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANORODS; ASPECT RATIO; PLASMON RESONANCES; AU-AG; DIELECTRIC ENVIRONMENT; SURFACE-PLASMONS; NEAR-FIELD AB In this work, we combined synthesis of Au nanorods (AuNRs) and Au-Ag core-shell nanorod-like structures, of narrow size distribution in all dimensions and for a broad range of aspect ratios, with computational prediction of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPRs), in order to gain a better understanding of the optical response. Self-assembled AuNRs were also synthesized and characterized experimentally and theoretically. In addition, an understanding of the growth of Au-Ag core-shell nanorod-like structures for varying geometries, dielectric environments, and compositions was obtained. Controlled and precise synthesis, even for AuNRs with large aspect ratios, for Au-Ag core-shell nanostructures and AuNR pairs, enabled validation of the computational results, and development of structure-property relationships. These will, in turn, assist in the experimental characterization of AuNRs and related core-shell nanostructures. C1 [Duan, Jinsong; Park, Kyoungweon; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Vaia, Richard A.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Jinsong] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Park, Kyoungweon] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 79 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD SEP 3 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 35 BP 15524 EP 15532 DI 10.1021/jp902448f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 487EC UT WOS:000269252500009 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Robey, SW Reutt-Robey, JE AF Wei, Yinying Robey, Steven W. Reutt-Robey, Janice E. TI TiOPc Molecular Dislocation Networks as Nanotemplates for C-60 Cluster Arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PHTHALOCYANINE MOLECULES; TITANYL PHTHALOCYANINE; AU(111) SURFACE; FULLERENES; PORPHYRIN; GROWTH; AG AB By controlled deposition, TiOPc, a molecular semiconductor with anisotropic interactions can generate a molecular film with a characteristic pattern repeat size of 15 nm. This structure then served as a nanotemplate for a superlattice of C-60 clusters with characteristic diameters of 7 nm. As a result, C-60, deposition on the TiOPc film template forms a pattern of nanophase-separated C-60 and TiOPc domains with a characteristic domain size of 7 nm. This feature size is matched to the exciton diffusion length in photovoltaic materials composed of small organic molecules. A dislocation network in a molecular film provides a promising method for generating pattern features on the several-nanometer length scale, bridging the practical limits of "bottom up" and "top down" strategies. C1 [Wei, Yinying; Reutt-Robey, Janice E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Robey, Steven W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reutt-Robey, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rrobey@umd.edu RI Wei, Yinying/N-5751-2014; Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009 OI Wei, Yinying/0000-0002-9521-7063; Reutt-Robey, Janice /0000-0002-9309-7854 FU National Science Foundation [CHE0750203]; NIST FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation under Surface Analytical Chemistry Grant CHE0750203 and the Department of Commerce through the NIST small grants program. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 2 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 34 BP 12026 EP + DI 10.1021/ja903055w PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 488VY UT WOS:000269379600003 PM 19655746 ER PT J AU Xiang, SC Zhou, W Gallegos, JM Liu, Y Chen, BL AF Xiang, Shengchang Zhou, Wei Gallegos, Jose M. Liu, Yun Chen, Banglin TI Exceptionally High Acetylene Uptake in a Microporous Metal-Organic Framework with Open Metal Sites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CAPACITY HYDROGEN; METHANE STORAGE; H-2 ADSORPTION; AIR SEPARATION; PORE-SIZE; BINDING; SORPTION; FLEXIBILITY; DESIGN AB Six prototype microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) HKUST-1, MOF-505, MOF-508, MIL-53, MOF-5, and ZIF-8 with variable structures, porosities were examined for their acetylene storage, highlighting HKUST-1 as the highest acetylene storage material ever reported with an uptake of 201 cm(3)/g at 295 K and 1 atm. To locate the acetylene binding sites within HKUST-1, neutron powder diffraction studies on acetylene loaded HKUST-1 were carried out and have conclusively established the significant contribution of open Cu(2+) sites for acetylene storage by their strong preferred interactions with acetylene molecules. The binding properties of acetylene gas at different sites were further investigated by first-principles calculations. C1 [Zhou, Wei; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiang, Shengchang; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Gallegos, Jose M.] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Chem, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yunliu@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU NSF [CHE 0718281]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence FX We would like to thank Dr. Dan Neumann for many useful discussions. This work was supported by Award CHE 0718281 from the NSF (B.C.). Work at NIST was partially supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence. This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 44 TC 217 Z9 222 U1 41 U2 282 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 2 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 34 BP 12415 EP 12419 DI 10.1021/ja904782h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 488VY UT WOS:000269379600077 PM 19705919 ER PT J AU Coll, M Miller, LH Richter, LJ Hines, DR Jurchescu, OD Gergel-Hackett, N Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Coll, Mariona Miller, Lauren H. Richter, Lee J. Hines, Daniel R. Jurchescu, Oana D. Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Richter, Curt A. Hacker, Christina A. TI Formation of Silicon-Based Molecular Electronic Structures Using Flip-Chip Lamination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HYDROGEN-TERMINATED SILICON; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORBED MOLECULES; OXIDE SURFACES; METAL; JUNCTIONS; DEPOSITION; SI(111) AB We report the fabrication of molecular. electronic test structures consisting of Au-molecule-Si junctions by first forming a)omega-functionalized self-assembled monolayers on ultrasmooth Au on a flexible substrate and Subsequently bonding to Si(111) with flip-chip lamination by using nanotransfer printing (nTP). Infrared spectroscopy (IRS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), water contact angle (CA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified the monolayers self-assembled on ultrasmooth Au were dense, relatively defect-free, and the -COOH was exposed to the surface. The acid terminated monolayers were then reacted with a H-terminated Si(111) surface using moderate applied pressures to facilitate the interfacial reaction. After molecular junction formation, the monolayers were characterized with p-polarized backside reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (pb-RAIRS) and electrical current-voltage measurements. The monolayer quality remains largely unchanged after lamination to the Si(111) surface, with the exception of changes in the COOH and Si-O vibrations indicating chemical bonding. Both vibrational and electrical data indicate that electrical contact to the monolayer is formed while preserving the integrity of the molecules without metal filaments. This approach provides a facile means to fabricate high-quality molecular junctions consisting of dense monolayers chemically bonded to metal and silicon electrodes. C1 [Coll, Mariona; Miller, Lauren H.; Jurchescu, Oana D.; Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Coll, Mariona] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Coll, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcollbau@nist.gov; christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Gergel-Hackett, Nadine/B-9704-2009; Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU National Science Foundation FX Lauren H. Miller was supported with a National Science Foundation Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. Research performed in part at the nanofabrication facility within the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors thank Prof. Ellen Williams for many helpful discussions. NR 80 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 2 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 34 BP 12451 EP 12457 DI 10.1021/ja901646j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 488VY UT WOS:000269379600081 PM 19670858 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST Zhang, TH Bristow, AD Karaiskaj, D Dai, XC AF Cundiff, Steven T. Zhang, Tianhao Bristow, Alan D. Karaiskaj, Denis Dai, Xingcan TI Optical Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Quantum Wells SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; PHOTON-ECHOES; EXCITONS; BEATS; GAAS; DISORDER; PHASE; RULES AB Coherent light-matter interactions of direct-gap semiconductor nanostructures provide a great test system for fundamental research into quantum electronics and many-body physics. The understanding gained from studying these interactions can facilitate the design of optoelectronic devices. Recently, we have used optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy to explore coherent light-matter interactions in semiconductor quantum wells. Using three laser pulses to generate a four-wave-mixing signal, we acquire spectra by tracking the phase of the signal with respect to two time axes and then Fourier transforming them. In this Account, we show several two-dimensional projections and demonstrate techniques to isolate different contributions to the coherent response of semiconductors. The low-temperature spectrum of semiconductor quantum wells is dominated by excitons, which are electron-hole pairs bound through Coulombic interactions. Excitons are sensitive to their electronic and structural environment, which influences their optical resonance energies and line widths. in near perfect quantum wells, a small fluctuation of the quantum well thickness leads to spatial localization of the center-of-mass wave function of the excitons and inhomogeneous broadening of the optical resonance. The inhomogeneous broadening often masks the homogeneous line widths associated with the scattering of the excitons. In addition to forming excitons, Coulombic correlations also form excitonic molecules, called biexcitons. Therefore, the coherent response of the quantum wells encompasses the intra-action and interaction of both excitons and biexcitons in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening. Transient four-wave-mixing studies combined with microscopic theories have determined that many-body interactions dominate the strong coherent response from quantum wells. Although the numerous competing interactions cannot be easily separated in either the spectral or temporal domains, they can be separated using two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. The most common two-dimensional Fourier spectra are S(1)(omega(T),T,omega(t)) in which the second time period is held fixed. The result is a spectrum that unfolds congested one-dimensional spectra, separates excitonic pathways, and shows which excitons are coherently coupled. This method also separates the biexciton contributions and isolates the homogeneous and inhomogeneous line widths. For semiconductor excitons, the line shape in the real part of the spectrum is sensitive to the many-body interactions, which we can suppress by exploiting polarization selection rules. In an alternative two-dimensional projection, S(1)(tau,omega(T),omega(t)), the nonradiative Raman coherent interactions are isolated. Finally, we show S(III)(tau,omega(T),omega(t)) spectra that isolate the two-quantum coherences associated with the biexciton. These spectra reveal previously unobserved many-body correlations. C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.; Bristow, Alan D.; Karaiskaj, Denis; Dai, Xingcan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adb@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge discussions with Peter Thomas and Irina Kuznetsova from the University of Marburg, Germany; with Torsten Meier from the University of Paderborn, Germany, and with Shaul Mukamel and Lijun Yang from the University of California, Irvine. We acknowledge Richard Mirin of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder for providing the epitaxially grown samples. This work was funded by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation. NR 42 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1423 EP 1432 DI 10.1021/ar9000636 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 495AL UT WOS:000269861400023 PM 19555068 ER PT J AU Stone, KW Turner, DB Gundogdu, K Cundiff, ST Nelson, KA AF Stone, Katherine W. Turner, Daniel B. Gundogdu, Kenan Cundiff, Steven T. Nelson, Keith A. TI Exciton-Exciton Correlations Revealed by Two-Quantum, Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Optical Spectroscopy SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHASE; BIEXCITONS; ENERGY AB The Coulomb correlations between photoexcited charged particles in materials such as photosynthetic complexes, conjugated polymer systems, J-aggregates, and bulk or nanostructured semiconductors produce a hierarchy of collective electronic excitations,, for example, excitions, and biexcitons, which may be harnessed for applications in quantum optics, light-harvesting, or quantum information technologies. These excitations represent correlations among successively greater numbers of electrons and holes, and their associated multiple-quantum coherences could reveal detailed information about complex many-body interactions and dynamics. However, unlike single-quantum coherences involving excitons, multiple-quantum coherences do not radiate; consequently, they have largely eluded direct observation and characterization. In this Account we present a novel optical technique, two-quantum, two-dimensional Fourier transform optical spectroscopy (2Q 2D FTOPT), which allows direct observation of the dynamics of multiple exciton states that reflect the correlations of their constituent electrons and holes. The approach is based on closely analogous methods in NMR, in which multiple phase-coherent fields are used to drive successive transitions such that multiple-quantum coherences can be accessed and probed. In 2Q 2D FTOPT, a spatiotemporal femtosecond pulse-shaping technique has been used to overcome the challenge of control over multiple, noncollinear, phase-coherent optical fields in experimental geometries used to isolate selected signal contributions through wavevector matching. We present results from a prototype GaAs quantum well system, which reveal distinct coherences of biexcitons that are formed from two identical excitions or from two excitons that have holes in different spin sublevels ("heavy-hole" and "light-hole" excitions). The biexciton binding energies and dephasing dynamics are determined, and changes in the dephasing rates as a function of the excitation density are observed, revealing still higher order correlations due to exciton-biexciton interactions. Two-quantum coherences due to four-particle correlations that do not involve bound biexciton states but that influence the exciton properties are also observed and characterized. The 2Q 2D FTOPT technique allows many-body interactions that cannot be treated with a mean-field approximation to be studied in detail; the pulse-shaping approach simplifies greatly what would have otherwise been daunting measurements. This spectroscopic tool might soon offer insight into specific applications, for example, in detailing the interactions that affect how electronic energy moves within the strata of organic photovoltaic cells. C1 [Stone, Katherine W.; Turner, Daniel B.; Gundogdu, Kenan; Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nelson, KA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kanelson@mit.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0616939]; NDSEG FX This work was supported in port by the National Science Foundation Grant CHE-0616939. The authors wish to thank X Li, M. Kira, and D. Jonas for helpful discussions. D. Turner wishes to thank the NDSEG Fellowship Program for financial support. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1452 EP 1461 DI 10.1021/ar900122k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 495AL UT WOS:000269861400026 PM 19691277 ER PT J AU Torres, JM Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Torres, Jessica M. Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Elastic Modulus of Amorphous Polymer Thin Films: Relationship to the Glass Transition Temperature SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE thin films; elastic modulus; wrinkling; glass transition; polymers; confinement ID BUCKLING-BASED METROLOGY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; THERMAL-EXPANSION; CONFINEMENT; SURFACE; LITHOGRAPHY; POLYSTYRENE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Understanding the mechanical properties of polymers at the nanoscale is critical innumerous emerging applications, While it has been widely shown that the glass transition temperature (T(g)) in thin polymer films generally decreases due to confinement effects in the absence of strong favorable interactions between the polymer and substrate, there is little known about the modulus of sub-100 nm polymer films and features. Thus, one might use this depressed T(g) as a surrogate to estimate how the modulus of nanoconfined polymeric materials deviates from the bulk, based on constructs such as Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) time-temperature superposition principles. However, such relationships have not been thoroughly examined at the nanoscale where surface and interface effects can dramatically impact the physical properties of a material. Here, we measure the elastic modulus of a series of poly(methacrylate) films with widely varying bulk T(g)'s as a function of thickness at ambient temperature, exploiting a wrinkling instability of a thin, stiff film on an thick, elastic substrate. A decrease in the modulus is found for all polymers in ultrathin films (<30 nm) with the onset of confinement effects shifting to larger film thicknesses as the quench depth (T(g),(bulk) - T) decreases. We show that the decrease in modulus of ultrathin films is not correlated with the observed T(g) decrease in films of the same thickness. C1 [Torres, Jessica M.; Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM bryan.vogt@asu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0653989-CMMI] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant #0653989-CMMI. We gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities within the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science and Arizona State University. This paper is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 60 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 6 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 9 BP 2677 EP 2685 DI 10.1021/nn9006847 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 496PY UT WOS:000269988600033 PM 19702280 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Cui, XP Li, XF AF Gao Shouting Cui Xiaopeng Li, Xiaofan TI A Modeling Study of Diurnal Rainfall Variations during the 21-Day Period of TOGA COARE SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diurnal rainfall variation; cloud-resolving simulation; tropical oceanic convection; TOGA COARE ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; TROPICAL OCEANIC CONVECTION; PHASE-III; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; CUMULUS CONVECTION; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PART II; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEMS AB The surface rainfall processes and diurnal variations associated with tropical oceanic convection are examined by analyzing a surface rainfall equation and thermal budget based on hourly zonal-mean data from a series of two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations. The model is integrated for 21 days with imposed large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, and horizontal advection obtained from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) in the control experiment. Diurnal analysis shows that the infrared radiative cooling after sunset, as well as the advective cooling associated with imposed large-scale ascending motion, destabilize the atmosphere and release convective available potential energy to energize nocturnal convective development. Substantial local atmospheric drying is associated with the nocturnal rainfall peak in early morning, which is a result of the large condensation and deposition rates in the vapor budget. Sensitivity experiments show that diurnal variations of radiation and large-scale forcing can produce a nocturnal rainfall peak through infrared and advective cooling, respectively. C1 [Gao Shouting; Cui Xiaopeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421505]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40775031, GYHY200706020] FX The authors thank Prof. M. Zhang (State University of New York at Stony Brook) for his TOGA COARE forcing data and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505), the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No. 40775031 and Grant No. GYHY200706020. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 26 IS 5 BP 895 EP 905 DI 10.1007/s00376-009-8123-6 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 492FS UT WOS:000269640900007 ER PT J AU Kaminsky, JA Gaskin, EALM Matsuda, M Miguel, AH AF Kaminsky, Jason A. Gaskin, Emily A. L. M. Matsuda, Masanori Miguel, Antonio H. TI In-Cabin Commuter Exposure to Ultrafine Particles on Commuter Roads in and around Hong Kong's Tseung Kwan O Tunnel SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE In-cabin commuter exposure; Water-based particle counter; Hong Kong; Tseung Kwan O Tunnel; Roadway measurements; Ultrafine particles; Nano-particles ID CONDENSATION; LAMINAR; FLOW AB Over half a million cars pass through Hong Kong's tunnels every day. Commuters, taxi drivers, and other drivers who pass through these tunnels may be exposed to high levels of particulate matter and toxic gases present in the air. There is limited data on in-cabin exposure to pollutants, especially while the vehicle is driving through a tunnel under different cabin ventilation conditions. This study reports in-cabin measurements of fine particles (FP, dp < 2.5 mu m) - which includes nanoparticles and ultrafine particles (UFP, dp < 100 nm) - in a 1998 Nissan Sunny EX passenger car while driving through Hong Kong's Tseung Kwan O Tunnel. The vehicle tested did not contain a particle filtration system or an activated carbon filter, and was fueled with unleaded gasoline. The measurements were taken using a water-based condensation particle counter (WCPC) under different conditions consistent with driver behavior. The particle count readings were generally highest with the windows closed and air conditioning on. On average, these readings were more than three times higher than readings with the windows closed and the air conditioning off, and 68% higher than readings with the windows open and the air conditioning off. In-cabin particle concentrations inside the tunnel were up to twenty-one times higher than in-cabin particle concentrations outside the tunnel under comparable traffic conditions. The highest in-cabin particle count concentration reading, 1.94 million particles/cm(3), was taken with the windows closed and air conditioning on while the test car was passing a double-decker diesel bus. C1 [Miguel, Antonio H.] Calif Air Resources Board, Haagen Smit Lab, El Monte, CA 91731 USA. [Kaminsky, Jason A.] Stanford Univ, Grad Sch Business, Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resources, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gaskin, Emily A. L. M.] NOAA, Execut Off Bldg, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Matsuda, Masanori] Toyota Motor Co Ltd, Operat Dept Vehicle Logist Div, Nakamura Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4508711, Japan. RP Miguel, AH (reprint author), Calif Air Resources Board, Haagen Smit Lab, 9528 Telstar Ave, El Monte, CA 91731 USA. EM amiguel@arb.ca.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.4209/aaqr.2008.09.0041 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507YP UT WOS:000270892700007 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL Lippa, KA Long, SE Murphy, KE Sharpless, KE Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ Tani, W Umemoto, M AF Duewer, David L. Lippa, Katrice A. Long, Stephen E. Murphy, Karen E. Sharpless, Katherine E. Sniegoski, Lorna T. Welch, Michael J. Tani, Wataru Umemoto, Masao TI Demonstrating the comparability of certified reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Certified reference material (CRM); Cholesterol in human serum; Errors-in-variables regression; Graphical communication; Joint Committee on Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM); Metrological traceability; Potassium in human serum ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEFINITIVE METHOD; UNCERTAINTY; POTASSIUM; SERUM AB Certified reference materials (CRMs) enable the meaningful comparison of measurement results over time and place. When CRMs are used to calibrate or verify the performance of a measurement system, results produced by that system can be related through the CRM to well-defined, stable, and globally accessible reference(s). Properly done, this directly establishes the metrological traceability of the results. However, achieving the meaningful comparison of results from measurement systems calibrated and/or verified with different CRMs requires that the different materials truly deliver the same measurand, that is, are "the same" within stated uncertainty except for differences in the level of the analyte of interest. We here detail experimental and data analysis techniques for establishing and demonstrating the comparability of materials. We focus on (1) establishing a uniform interpretation of the common forms of CRM uncertainty statements, (2) estimating consistent measurement system response uncertainties from sometimes inconsistent experimental designs, (3) using "errors-in-variables" analysis methods to evaluate comparability studies and novel graphical tools for communicating results of the evaluation to reviewing authorities and potential CRM customers, and (4) augmenting established comparability studies with new materials using measurements provided by the certifying institution. These experimental and data analytic tools were developed in support of the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine's efforts to enhance the reliability of clinical laboratory measurements and are illustrated with potassium and cholesterol measurands of clinical relevance; however, these tools can be applied to any group of materials that deliver the same nominal measurand with stated value and uncertainty. C1 [Duewer, David L.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Long, Stephen E.; Murphy, Karen E.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Sniegoski, Lorna T.; Welch, Michael J.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tani, Wataru; Umemoto, Masao] Reference Mat Inst Clin Chem Stand, KSP R&D A205, Kawasaki Ku, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 395 IS 1 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2949-8 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 482EI UT WOS:000268866800019 PM 19629455 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, WA AF MacCrehan, William A. TI A NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) to Support the Detection of Trace Explosives SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on the Analysis and Detections of Explosives/4th Forensic International Network for Explosives Investigation (ISADE/FINEX) CY JUL 01-07, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE ID OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE HMX; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB SRM 2905 Trace Particulate Explosives was developed to simulate the residues produced by handling plastic and military explosives. A series of nine candidate materials were prepared by coating chromatographic supports with either Composition C-4 ((containing RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine)) or TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). Criteria for selection of the best material for the SRM included: coating efficiency, extractability with organic solvents, thermal storage stability, consistency of the particle size with fingerprint residues, and suitability for calibration of trace explosives detectors. The final base material selected for the SRM was octadecylsilane-modified silica (C(18)) with a nominal 20-30 mu m particle size. Four materials comprise the SRM, with two nominal concentrations of explosive, 0.01% and 0.1% (mass fraction) for both C-4 and TNT, respectively. The final certified concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography (1,C) with ultraviolet absorbance detection (LC/UV) and a liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method using negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI(-)) with an acetate ionization additive that improves quantitation. The SRM was tested on a table-top field explosives detector based ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 17 BP 7189 EP 7196 DI 10.1021/ac900641v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 487XP UT WOS:000269312000012 PM 19637901 ER PT J AU Ross, D Romantseva, EF AF Ross, David Romantseva, Eugenia F. TI Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis with Channel Current Detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ON-A-CHIP; CAPILLARY-ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; ELECTROFOCUSING TECHNIQUES; SEPARATIONS; MICROCHIP AB Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is a recently described technique for electrophoretic separations in short (1-3 cm) capillaries or microchannels. With GEMBE, the electrophoretic migration of analytes is opposed by a bulk counterflow of separation buffer through the separation channel. The counterflow velocity is varied over the course of a separation so that analytes with different electrophoretic mobilities enter the separation channel at different times and are detected as moving boundary, stepwise increases in the detector response. The resolution of a GEMBE separation is thus dependent on the rate at which the counterflow velocity is varied (rather than the length of the separation channel), and relatively high resolution separations can be performed with short microfluidic channels or capillaries. In this paper we describe an implementation of the GEMBE technique in which a very short (2.5-3.5 mm) capillary or microchannel is used as both the separation channel and a conductivity detection cell. Because the channel is so short, only a single moving boundary "step" is present in the channel at any given time, and the measured current through the channel can therefore be used to give a signal comparable to what is normally generated by more complicated detector arrangements. A theoretical description of the new technique is given along with simulation and experimental data relevant to the optimization of the method parameters such as channel length, counterflow acceleration, and applied field strength. A key theoretical prediction is that although this technique is expected to be a factor of 10 or 20 slower than conventional capillary zone electrophoresis, separation times of the order 1 s or less can still be achieved, making it applicable for ultrahigh-throughput analyses when implemented in a multiplexed format. C1 [Ross, David; Romantseva, Eugenia F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 17 BP 7326 EP 7335 DI 10.1021/ac901189y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 487XP UT WOS:000269312000030 PM 19663449 ER PT J AU Summerfelt, S Bergheim, A Colt, J AF Summerfelt, Steve Bergheim, Asbjorn Colt, John TI Special Issue: Design, Loading, and Water Quality in Recirculating Systems for Salmonids Preface SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Summerfelt, Steve] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV USA. [Bergheim, Asbjorn] Int Res Inst Stavanger AS, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. [Colt, John] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Summerfelt, S (reprint author), Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV USA. EM s.summerfelt@freshwaterinstitute.org NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 45 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2009.08.001 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 504UT UT WOS:000270643900001 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Tachiev, G Rubin, RH Rodriguez, M AF Fischer, C. Froese Tachiev, G. Rubin, R. H. Rodriguez, M. TI ANALYSIS OF BREIT-PAULI TRANSITION PROBABILITIES FOR LINES IN O III SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes ID TELESCOPE ECHELLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; BOWEN FLUORESCENCE; ORION-NEBULA; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; ATOMIC DATA; SPECTROSCOPY; LIFETIME; OXYGEN AB Accurate atomic data are essential for understanding the properties of both O III lines produced by the Bowen fluorescence mechanism and [O III] forbidden lines observed in numerous gaseous nebulae. Improved Breit-Pauli transition probabilities have been published for the carbon sequence. Included were revised data for O III. The present paper analyzes the accuracy of the data specifically for O III by comparison with other theory as well as some recent experiments and observations. For the electric dipole transition probabilities, good agreement is found for allowed Bowen fluorescence lines between predictions of intensity ratios with observed data. For forbidden transitions, the Breit-Pauli magnetic dipole transition operator requires corrections that often are neglected. Good agreement is found when these transition probabilities are computed with multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock methods. C1 [Fischer, C. Froese] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tachiev, G.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rubin, R. H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rubin, R. H.] Orion Enterprises, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rubin, R. H.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Rodriguez, M.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72000, Mexico. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charlotte.fischer@nist.gov FU NASA [HST-AR-10973.01-A, NAS5-26555]; Mexican CONACYT [50359-F] FX We are grateful to Xiao-wei Liu for providing some past history regarding the observations and theory pertaining to the lambdaair = 4931 angstrom line. We thank NASA Ames summer students Julia Fang and Patrick Maher for their help measuring the HST/STIS spectral lines. Partial support for this publication was provided by NASA through Program number HST-AR-10973.01-A (PI RR) from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. M. R. acknowledges support from Mexican CONACYT project 50359-F. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 703 IS 1 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/500 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492AE UT WOS:000269625000042 ER PT J AU Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL Horowitz, LW Ginoux, P Fiore, AM AF Liu, Junfeng Mauzerall, Denise L. Horowitz, Larry W. Ginoux, Paul Fiore, Arlene M. TI Evaluating inter-continental transport of fine aerosols: (1) Methodology, global aerosol distribution and optical depth SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Inter-continental transport; Source-receptor relationships; Aerosols; Air quality; Optical depth ID CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; DUST AEROSOLS; UNITED-STATES; GOCART MODEL; EMISSIONS; POLLUTION; SULFUR; SULFATE; DESIGN AB Our objectives are to evaluate inter-continental source-receptor relationships for fine aerosols and to identify the regions whose emissions have dominant influence on receptor continents. We simulate sulfate, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust aerosols using a global coupled chemistry-aerosol model (MOZART-2) driven with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis meteorology for 1997-2003 and emissions approximately representing year 2000. The concentrations of simulated aerosol species in general agree within a factor of 2 with observations, except that the model tends to overestimate sulfate over Europe in summer, underestimate BC and OC over the western and southeastern (SE) U.S. and Europe, and underestimate dust over the SE U.S. By tagging emissions from ten continental regions, we quantify the contribution of each region's emissions on surface aerosol concentrations (relevant for air quality) and aerosol optical depth (AOD, relevant for visibility and climate) globally. We find that domestic emissions contribute substantially to surface aerosol concentrations (57-95%) over all regions, but are responsible for a smaller fraction of AOD (26-76%). We define "background" aerosols as those aerosols over a region that result from inter-continental transport, DMS oxidation, and emissions from ships or volcanoes. Transport from other continental source regions accounts for a substantial portion of background aerosol concentrations: 36-97% for surface concentrations and 38-89% for ACID. We identify the Region of Primary Influence (RPI) as the source region with the largest contribution to the receptor's background aerosol concentrations (or AOD). We find that for dust Africa is the RPI for both aerosol concentrations and AOD over all other receptor regions. For non-dust aerosols (particularly for sulfate and BC), the RPIs for aerosol concentrations and AOD are identical for most receptor regions. These findings indicate that the reduction of the emission of non-dust aerosols and their precursors from an RPI will simultaneously improve both air quality and visibility over a receptor region. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Junfeng] Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Liu, Junfeng; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM junfeng.Liu@noaa.gov; mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP); Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University; NASA New Investigator Program FX We thank Tami Bond for the black and organic carbon emission inventories, Huiyan Yang for sharing her dust code and Peter Hess for providing the MOZART-2 evaluation package. We thank Hajime Akimoto for providing observations from the EANET network, William Cooke for sharing BC and OC observational data, and Natalie Mahowald and Joseph Prospero for providing the dust observation data. We thank the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for computational resources. We are pleased to acknowledge funding from the Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP) program at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University as well as funding from a NASA New Investigator Program grant to D. Mauzerall. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 28 BP 4327 EP 4338 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.054 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 485BM UT WOS:000269095400010 ER PT J AU Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL Horowitz, LW AF Liu, Junfeng Mauzerall, Denise L. Horowitz, Larry W. TI Evaluating inter-continental transport of fine aerosols:(2) Global health impact SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Inter-continental transport; PM2.5; Aerosols; Air pollution; Premature mortalities; Public health ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; TIME-SERIES; EMISSIONS; MATTER; ASSOCIATION; SULFATE AB In this second of two companion papers, we quantify for the first time the global impact on premature mortality of the inter-continental transport of fine aerosols (including sulfate. black carbon, organic carbon, and mineral dust) using the global modeling results of (Liu et al., 2009). Our objective is to estimate the number of premature mortalities in each of ten selected continental regions resulting from fine aerosols transported from foreign regions in approximately year 2000. Our simulated annual mean population-weighted (P-W) concentrations of total PM2.5 (aerosols with diameter less than 2.5 mu m) are highest in East Asia (EA. 30 mu g m(-3)) and lowest in Australia (3.6 mu g m(-3)). Dust is the dominant component of PM2.5 transported between continents. We estimate global annual premature mortalities (for adults age 30 and up) due to inter-continental transport of PM2.5 to be nearly 380 thousand (K) in 2000. Approximately half of these deaths occur in the Indian subcontinent (IN). mostly due to aerosols transported from Africa and the Middle East (ME). Approximately 90K deaths globally are associated with exposure to foreign (i.e., originating outside a receptor region) non-dust PM2.5. More than half of the premature mortalities associated with foreign non-dust aerosols are due to aerosols originating from Europe (20K), ME (18K) and EA (15K); and nearly 60% of the 90K deaths occur in EA (21 K), IN (19K) and Southeast Asia (16K). The lower and higher bounds of our estimated 95% confidence interval (considering uncertainties from the concentration-response relationship and simulated aerosol concentrations) are 18% and 240% of the estimated deaths, respectively, and could be larger if additional uncertainties were quantified. We find that in 2000 nearly 6.6K premature deaths in North America (NA) were associated with foreign PM2.5 exposure (5.5K from dust PM2.5). NA is least impacted by foreign PM2.5 compared to receptors on the Eurasian continent. However, the number of premature mortalities associated with foreign aerosols in NA (mostly occurring in the U.S.) is comparable to the reduction in premature mortalities expected to result from tightening the U.S. 8-h O-3 standard from 0.08 ppmv to 0.075 ppmv. International efforts to reduce inter-continental transport of fine aerosol pollution would substantially benefit public health on the Eurasian continent and would also benefit public health in the United States. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Junfeng; Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mauzerall, Denise L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jliu@princeton.edu; mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP); NASA FX We thank Michelle Bell for useful comments. We thank the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for computational resources. We are pleased to acknowledge funding from the Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP) program at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University as well as funding from a NASA New Investigator Program grant to D. Mauzerall. NR 54 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 28 BP 4339 EP 4347 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.032 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 485BM UT WOS:000269095400011 ER PT J AU Mahajan, S Saravanan, R Chang, P AF Mahajan, Salil Saravanan, R. Chang, Ping TI The role of the wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature (WES) feedback in air-sea coupled tropical variability SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Special Session on Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling held at the 24th IUGG CY JUL 02-12, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP IUGG DE Air-sea interactions; Tropical climate variability; WES feedback; Equatorial annual cycle ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL ANNUAL CYCLE; ATLANTIC VARIABILITY; EASTERN PACIFIC; SEASONAL CYCLE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SST VARIABILITY; HEAT-FLUX AB The Wind-Evaporation-Sea surface temperature (WES) feedback is believed to play an important role in tropical climate variability. We report on studies using a modified version of the NCAR-Community Climate Model (CCM3) coupled to a slab ocean model, where the WES feedback is deliberately suppressed in the bulk aero-dynamic formulation for surface heat fluxes. A comparison of coupled integrations using the modified CCM3 to those carried out using the standard CCM3 conclusively identifies the role of the WES feedback in enhancing the inter-annual variability over deep tropical oceans. We are also able to clearly identify the role of the WES feedback in the westward propagation of the equatorial annual cycle. Our study also reveals an important role for near surface humidity in tropical climate variability, in enhancing inter-annual variability and in sustaining the equatorial annual cycle. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mahajan, Salil; Saravanan, R.; Chang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mahajan, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, AOS GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM salilmahajan@tamu.edu RI Saravanan, Ramalingam/G-8879-2012; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; OI Saravanan, Ramalingam/0000-0002-0005-6907; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Mahajan, Salil/0000-0001-5767-8590 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 94 IS 1 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.017 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496HR UT WOS:000269961500004 ER PT J AU Shinoda, T Kiladis, GN Roundy, PE AF Shinoda, Toshiaki Kiladis, George N. Roundy, Paul E. TI Statistical representation of equatorial waves and tropical instability waves in the Pacific Ocean SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Special Session on Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling held at the 24th IUGG CY JUL 02-12, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP IUGG DE Equatorial waves; Tropical instability waves; Tropical air-sea interaction ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTRASEASONAL KELVIN WAVES; ROSSBY WAVES; ALTIMETER; CURRENTS; FRONT; WIND; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; LEVEL AB Sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST), and surface currents derived from satellite observations are analyzed to investigate signals of equatorial Kelvin and tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the Pacific Ocean. A wavenumber-frequency spectral analysis of SSH and SST anomalies was performed in order to examine their space and time variability. Significant spectral peaks along the dispersion curves of the first baroclinic mode Rossby and Kelvin waves are found in the SSH spectrum, indicating that the analysis can effectively identify the signals of equatorial waves in the upper ocean. A prominent peak in SSH fields at around 33 days and 1500 km wavelength along the Rossby wave dispersion curve is evident, and a similar peak is also found in SST fields. This upper ocean variability on these space and time scales is shown to be associated with TIWs. The spatial structure of 33-day TIWs is further examined based on an analysis of time series filtered in the frequency-wavenumber domain. The phase relationship between SSH, SST, and surface velocity associated with TIWs is described based on a cross-correlation analysis. Also, the interannual variability of TIW activity is compared with that of ENSO, showing a moderate correlation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shinoda, Toshiaki] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM toshiaki.shinoda@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 94 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.06.002 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496HR UT WOS:000269961500005 ER PT J AU Sura, P Sardeshmukh, PD AF Sura, Philip Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI A global view of air-sea thermal coupling and related non-Gaussian SST variability SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Special Session on Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling held at the 24th IUGG CY JUL 02-12, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY SP IUGG DE Sea surface temperature; Air-sea interaction; Boundary-layer; Climate variability; Stochastics ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; STOCHASTIC CLIMATE MODELS; T-DISTRIBUTION AB Two recent studies of observed sea surface temperature (SST) variations have provided striking evidence that their non-Gaussian statistics can be understood within the context of linear stochastically forced models in which the amplitude of the noise forcing depends linearly on the SST. One study is based on a general 1-d Langevin model, whereas the other considers an explicitly coupled 2-d model of SST and local surface air temperature, and emphasizes the crucial role of thermal air-sea coupling in generating the non-Gaussian statistics. It is shown here that these studies are not necessarily mutually inconsistent. In particular, it is shown that the 1-d model can be derived from the 2-d model as a special case, in which the air temperature is approximated as comprising a part linearly dependent on SST plus a pure noise part. This version of the 1-d model, however, can only predict positive SST skew given the observed thermal damping and coupling constants over the globe. The fact that the more general 1-d model can also capture the essence of the local SST dynamics in regions of negative SST skew therefore implies that other physical mechanisms not included in simple local thermally coupled models, such as stochasticity in oceanic heat transports, may also be important in those regions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sura, Philip] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sura, P (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 1017 Acad Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM sura@met.fsu.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 94 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.08.008 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496HR UT WOS:000269961500013 ER PT J AU Courtney, J Knaff, JA AF Courtney, Joe Knaff, John A. TI Adapting the Knaff and Zehr wind-pressure relationship for operational use in Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REEXAMINATION AB A methodology to implement a new operational mean sea-level pressure versus maximum mean near-surface wind relationship (hereafter wind-pressure relationship) based on a modified version of the approach recently developed by Knaff and Zehr is presented. This method incorporates latitude, size, storm motion and environmental pressure. In this formulation tropical cyclone size is expressed in terms of the radius of gales, environmental pressure is expressed in terms of the pressure of the outer closed isobar - parameters that are already routinely available in the operational setting. The resulting wind speed is also converted from a one-minute mean to a ten-minute mean. In addition, a correction is introduced for a weakness in the original Knaff and Zehr formula for storms located at low latitudes. The resulting algorithm is able to be integrated into the operational software to assist in the efficient calculation of the central pressure. Other Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres are encouraged to use this derivation. The new approach also presents the potential to reanalyse past tropical cyclone events to create a more homogeneous data-set. Some historical variations in intensity derivation in the Australian region are also presented. Differences between Atlantic basin best-track reconnaissance data and Dvorak-based data relied upon in other tropical cyclone basins result in some biases associated with the determination of the maximum wind. Dvorak-derived maximum wind corresponds well with the reconnaissance-derived maximum wind for non-weakening systems with intensities associated with Dvorak current intensity {CI} numbers of 3.5 and higher (i.e. greater than similar to 50 knots). At weaker intensities the Dvorak intensity underestimates the maximum wind. As a result the calculated pressure via a wind-pressure relationship, which is strongly influenced by reconnaissance-based intensity estimates, may result in higher pressures than is actually the case. C1 [Courtney, Joe] Bur Meteorol, Western Australia Reg Off, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. [Knaff, John A.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Courtney, J (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Western Australia Reg Off, POB 1370, Perth, WA 6872, Australia. EM j.courtney@bom.gov.au RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1228] FX The authors wish to thank Dan Brown and James Franklin for the use of the 1998-2007 Atlantic data-set containing best track and Dvorak estimates. Andrew Burton provided many helpful suggestions and comments. Partial support for the second author was provided by NOAA grant NA17RJ1228. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy or decision. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 167 EP 179 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 521OI UT WOS:000271930900002 ER PT J AU Weimann, N Houtsma, V Kopf, R Baeyens, Y Weiner, J Tate, A Frackoviak, J Chen, YK Raybon, G Godin, J Riet, M Nodjiadjim, V Konczykowska, A Dupuy, JY Jorge, F Scavennec, A Charlet, G AF Weimann, Nils Houtsma, Vincent Kopf, Rose Baeyens, Yves Weiner, Joseph Tate, Alaric Frackoviak, John Chen, Young-Kai Raybon, Gregory Godin, Jean Riet, Muriel Nodjiadjim, Virginie Konczykowska, Agnieszka Dupuy, Jean-Yves Jorge, Filipe Scavennec, Andre Charlet, Gabriel TI InP DHBT Circuits: From Device Physics to 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Transmission System Experiments SO BELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; SPEED AB The capacity of fiber-optic telecommunication systems can be increased by higher data rate signaling. We present key analog and digital circuits which find application as building blocks in future very high data rate systems. The circuits are fabricated in our indium phosphide (InP) double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. The physical properties of the InP material system, notably high breakdown and high electron mobility, enable functions that are not accessible with current silicon-based high-speed technologies, including SiGe. Device and circuit results are presented, and we report on transmission system experiments conducted with these InP DHBT circuits. (C) 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. C1 [Weimann, Nils; Tate, Alaric] Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, Adv Compound Semicond Elect Grp, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Kopf, Rose] Arthur D Little Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Baeyens, Yves] Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, High Speed Elect Design Res Grp, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Baeyens, Yves] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chen, Young-Kai] Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, High Speed Elect Res, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Raybon, Gregory] Natl Semicond Corp, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Raybon, Gregory] AT&T Bell Labs, Photon Networks Res Dept, Murray Hill, NJ USA. [Godin, Jean; Nodjiadjim, Virginie; Konczykowska, Agnieszka; Dupuy, Jean-Yves; Scavennec, Andre] Bell Labs, Alcatel Thales Lab 3 5, Marcoussis, France. [Riet, Muriel] France Telecom, Res Ctr, CNET, San Francisco, CA USA. [Scavennec, Andre] US Natl Bur Stand, Boulder, CO USA. [Scavennec, Andre] CNET, Devices Div 3 5, San Francisco, CA USA. [Charlet, Gabriel] Bell Labs, Opt Networking Dept, Villarceaux, France. RP Weimann, N (reprint author), Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs, Adv Compound Semicond Elect Grp, Murray Hill, NJ USA. RI Weimann, Nils/E-9721-2013 OI Weimann, Nils/0000-0001-6665-9949 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1089-7089 J9 BELL LABS TECH J JI Bell Labs Tech. J. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1002/bltj.20387 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 524HZ UT WOS:000272135700004 ER PT J AU Aamer, KA Genson, KL Kohn, J Becker, ML AF Aamer, Khaled A. Genson, Kirsten L. Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. TI Impact of Polymer-Bound Iodine on Fibronectin Adsorption and Osteoblast Cell Morphology in Radiopaque Medical Polymers: Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Blends as a Model System SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; IN-VITRO; BIOMATERIALS; DEGRADATION; SURFACE; INTEGRINS; ACID; 3D; POLYARYLATES; SCAFFOLDS AB Imaging of polymer implants during surgical implantations is challenging in that most materials lack sufficient X-ray contrast. Synthetic derivatization with iodine serves to increase the scattering contrast but results in distinct physicochemical properties in the material which influence subsequent protein adsorption and cell morphology behavior Herein we report the impact of increasing iodine inclusion oil the cell morphology (cell area and shape) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on a series of homopolymers and discrete blend thin films of poly(desaminotyrosyl tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate), poly(DTE carbonate), and an iodinated analogue Poly(I(2)-DTE carbonate). Cell morphology is correlated to film chemical composition via measuring fibronectin (FN) adhesion protein adsorption profile on these films. FN exhibits up to 2-fold greater adsorption affinity for Poly(I(2)-DTE carbonate) than (poly(DTE carbonate)). A correlation was established between cell area, roundness, and the measured FN adsorption profile on the blend films up to 75% by mass Poly(I(2)-DTE carbonate). Data suggest that incorporation of iodine within the polymer backbone has a distinct impact on the way FN proteins adsorb to the surface and within the studied blend systems; the effect is composition dependent. C1 [Aamer, Khaled A.; Genson, Kirsten L.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Aamer, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM khaled.aamer@nist.gov; becker@uakron.edu FU NIST Innovation in Measurement Science Award [MI-13]; RESBIO; NIST [MI-13] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions from Drs. Nathan D. Gallant, Carl G. Simon, Jr. from the Polymers Division, and Dr. John Lu from NIST's Statistical Engineering Division. Financial support from a NIST Innovation in Measurement Science Award in Cellular Biometrology (MI-13) and RESBIO "Integrated Technology Resource for Polymeric Biomaterials" (NIH-NIBIB & NCMHD P41 EB001046) enabled this work. The polymers were synthesized at the New Jersey Center for Biomaterials. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP PY 2009 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2418 EP 2426 DI 10.1021/bm900327b PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 492PO UT WOS:000269671200005 PM 19645443 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Fang, R Lin, N Eidelman, N Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Fang, Rui Lin, Nancy Eidelman, Naomi Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Nondestructive quantification of leakage at the tooth-composite interface and its correlation with material performance parameters SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Dental restorative material; Image analysis; Interface; Infrared spectrum; Photopolymerization; Strain-rate ID DENTAL RESIN-COMPOSITES; POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE; MICROLEAKAGE; STRESS; STRAIN; RESTORATIONS; CONTRACTION; TOMOGRAPHY; CONVERSION; KINETICS AB Current methods to determine debonding/leakage at the tooth-composite interface are qualitative or semi-quantitative. Our previous work introduced a 3D imaging technique to determine and visualize leakage and its distribution at the interface of cavity wall and composite restoration in model cavities. In this study, an automated program was developed to quantify leakage in terms of area and volume. 3D leakage distribution obtained via the image analysis program was shown to have excellent agreement with leakage visualized by dye penetration. The relationship between leakage and various material performance parameters including processability, shrinkage, stress, and shrinkage strain-rate was determined using a series of experimental composites containing different filler contents. Results indicate that the magnitude of leakage correlated well with polymerization stress, confirming the validity of the common approach utilizing polymerization stress to predict bonding durability. 3D imaging and image analysis provide insight to help understand the relations between leakage and material properties. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sun, Jirun; Lin, Nancy; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fang, Rui] NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eidelman, Naomi] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. Financial support was provided through an Interagency Agreement between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). We would like to thank Drs. Gary E. Schumacher and Martin Chiang for their helpful discussions. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 27 BP 4457 EP 4462 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 488DX UT WOS:000269330400002 PM 19515419 ER PT J AU Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Osteoblast response to dimethacrylate composites varying in composition, conversion and roughness using a combinatorial approach SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Composite; Contact angle; Cytotoxicity; Osteoblast; Photopolymerization; Surface topography ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE; DENTAL MATERIAL COMPONENTS; THP-1 MONOCYTES; SURFACE; PROLIFERATION; METHACRYLATE; FABRICATION; NANOTOPOGRAPHY; CYTOTOXICITY; AUGMENTATION AB Dimethacrylate polymers and composites are seeing increased usage in orthopedics. As these applications require the material to integrate with the surrounding tissues, direct contact cytotoxicity assays should be used to assess the biocompatibility. This study utilized a combinatorial testing platform to evaluate the cell response to dimethacrylate composites with a variety of properties on a single sample. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were cultured directly on composites with varying filler content, filler type, degree of conversion (DC), and surface topography. Cell viability, density, and area depended on an interplay of the material properties, with low DC causing a reduction in cell area but having minimal effect on cell viability, high filler content causing an increase in cell density, and filler content/type altering the surface roughness as a function of DC. The combinatorial testing platform successfully quantified the effects of numerous material properties on several aspects of the osteoblast response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, NJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8543, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nancy.lin@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX The authors acknowledge EssTech, Inc. for providing the monomers and Denstply Caulk for providing the filler particles. The authors also thank Dr. Joseph M. Antonucci and Dr. Diana N. Zeiger for technical discussions. Financial support was provided through an Interagency Agreement (Y1-DE-7005-01) between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and NIST. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 27 BP 4480 EP 4487 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 488DX UT WOS:000269330400005 PM 19520423 ER PT J AU Kerstetter, DW Orbesen, ES Snodgrass, D Prince, ED AF Kerstetter, David W. Orbesen, Eric S. Snodgrass, Derke Prince, Eric D. TI MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF TWO LONGBILL SPEARFISH TETRAPTURUS PFLUEGERI IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; SAILFISH; CAUGHT; TAGS AB The longbill Spearfish Tetrapturus pfleugeri Robins and de Sylva, 1963, is a small istiophorid billfish found in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas that occurs as an infrequent by-catch in recreational and commercial pelagic fisheries. Although some data exist on diet and reproduction based on dead specimens, little is known of the species' habitat preferences or individual movement patterns. In 2004, two longbill Spearfish were tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) near Ascencion Island in the South Atlantic for 11 d and 45 d. Individual movement tracks derived from light-based geolocation estimates suggested little relationship with sea surface temperature fronts, although both animals demonstrated a clear preference away from the West African subsurface hypoxic plume. Overall temperature at depth distributions for both fish were narrow; between 22-26 degrees C for 97% and 82% respectively of the total time at liberty durations. Almost all of the 8-h time-at-depth periods for both day and combined periods showed that these two fish remained within 150 m of the surface. However, time at depth utilization analyses suggest a slightly bimodal distribution, with the majority of the time at depths < 25 m and a secondary grouping at 50-100 m. Depth utilization data are consistent with the hypothesis that interactions between this species and deep-set pelagic longline fisheries for bigeye tuna in the eastern tropical South Atlantic occurs primarily at set and retrieval of the gear. C1 [Orbesen, Eric S.; Snodgrass, Derke; Prince, Eric D.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Kerstetter, David W.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Prince, ED (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL USA. EM eric.prince@noaa.gov RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012; Kerstetter, David/I-5396-2012 FU Billfish Foundation FX We would like to thank all the participating partners of the "Adopt-A-Billfish" research program for making this project possible, including R. Andrews of The Billfish Foundation who funded the study. We also thank Captain T. Cockle and the crew of the fishing vessel GOD's FAVOR for their assistance with tagging. J. Luo (UM-RSMAS) provided assistance with the geolocation estimates as well as acquiring DO data from the World Oceans Atlas website and A. Albatineh (NSU) provided assistance with the bimodality testing. Three anonymous reviewers provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 85 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 506TY UT WOS:000270800500005 ER PT J AU Marshall, J Andersson, A Bates, N Dewar, W Doney, S Edson, J Ferrari, R Forget, G Fratantoni, D Gregg, M Joyce, T Kelly, K Lozier, S Lumpkin, R Maze, G Palter, J Samelson, R Silverthorne, K Skyllingstad, E Straneo, F Talley, L Thomas, L Toole, J Weller, R AF Marshall, J. Andersson, A. Bates, N. Dewar, W. Doney, S. Edson, J. Ferrari, R. Forget, G. Fratantoni, D. Gregg, M. Joyce, T. Kelly, K. Lozier, S. Lumpkin, R. Maze, G. Palter, J. Samelson, R. Silverthorne, K. Skyllingstad, E. Straneo, F. Talley, L. Thomas, L. Toole, J. Weller, R. CA Climode Grp TI The CLIMODE FIELD CAMPAIGN Observing the Cycle of Convection and Restratification over the Gulf Stream SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SEA; TRANSPORT; ADVECTION C1 [Marshall, J.; Ferrari, R.; Forget, G.; Maze, G.; Silverthorne, K.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Andersson, A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bates, N.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Dewar, W.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Doney, S.; Fratantoni, D.; Joyce, T.; Silverthorne, K.; Straneo, F.; Toole, J.; Weller, R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Edson, J.] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Gregg, M.; Kelly, K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lozier, S.; Palter, J.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Lumpkin, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Samelson, R.; Skyllingstad, E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Talley, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Thomas, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Marshall, J (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jmarsh@mit.edu RI Palter, Jaime/B-9484-2011; Fratantoni, David/C-7121-2011; Maze, Guillaume/B-5247-2008; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013; OI Maze, Guillaume/0000-0001-7231-2095; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956; Straneo, Fiammetta/0000-0002-1735-2366 FU NSF FX We thank the Physical Oceanography program of NSF, and particularly its director Eric Itsweire, for support of CLIMODE. We also thank Tom Sanford, James Girton, and John Dunlap for loan of two EM floats for the 2007 cruises and associated data acquisition and processing support. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1350 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2706.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 509AH UT WOS:000270982600006 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ AF Harvey, Chris J. TI Effects of temperature change on demersal fishes in the California Current: a bioenergetics approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA WATERS; EL-NINO; MARINE FISH; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CLIMATE; GROWTH; ROCKFISH; SIZE AB Diverse fish assemblages should feature a range of biological and ecological responses to temperature change. Using preliminary bioenergetics models, I simulated growth and maturation of three California Current groundfish (yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)) at fixed temperatures ranging from 5 degrees C to 11 degrees C. I examined three response variables (size at age 1 (W-1), age at 50% maturity (tau(50%)), and total prey consumption (C)). Yelloweye rockfish responded most strongly for W-1, which increased 496% as temperature increased from 5 degrees C to 11 degrees C. Spiny dogfish t50% was highly sensitive, declining from >48 years at 5 degrees C to <13 years at 11 degrees C. Age-specific C was most responsive in yelloweye rockfish, increasing by more than fivefold over the range of temperatures, although sablefish likely have greater community-wide impact because their trophic level and absolute feeding rates are higher. Regime shifts, temperature anomalies, or global climate change may directly affect fish energy budgets, elicit range shifts, or produce complex ecological interactions. Studies like this will help managers to identify temperature-sensitive species and anticipate potential changes in populations and diverse communities. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1449 EP 1461 DI 10.1139/F09-087 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494RZ UT WOS:000269834500006 ER PT J AU Israel, JA Bando, KJ Anderson, EC May, B AF Israel, Joshua A. Bando, K. Jun Anderson, Eric C. May, Bernie TI Polyploid microsatellite data reveal stock complexity among estuarine North American green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; LAKE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION AB North American green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) display the distinctive behavior of long ocean migrations along the west coast punctuated by summer residence in estuaries; however, little is known about stock composition in these tidal environments. Pairwise comparisons and genetic clustering analysis were used to characterize the two green sturgeon Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) from 20 collections using eight tetrasomic and two disomic microsatellite loci. The observed pattern of green sturgeon DPS composition among five estuaries in California, Oregon, and Washington was supported with assignment testing approaches utilizing the same genotypic data in codominant polysomic and pseudo-dominant allele phenotype formats. The majority of individuals in northern DPS estuaries originated from the threatened Southern DPS, except in Winchester Bay and Grays Harbor. We detected few Northern DPS green sturgeon in San Pablo Bay, the principal Southern DPS estuary, supporting that green sturgeon preferentially disperse north once they enter their coastal migration. Our genetic findings suggest that stock complexity in green sturgeon is pervasive and support precautionary, interjurisdictional approaches for managing green sturgeon beyond rigid, regulatory boundaries. C1 [Israel, Joshua A.; Bando, K. Jun; May, Bernie] Univ Calif Davis, Genom Variat Lab, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Israel, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genom Variat Lab, Dept Anim Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jaisrael@ucdavis.edu FU CALFED [ERP-02D-P57, 98-C15, 99-F105]; Anadromous Fish Restoration Program [11332-1-G005]; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of California; Davis, Ecology Graduate Group Block; Hart, Cole, Goss Summer Research Fellowships; Butler and Walker University FX This study was made possible through the collaboration of D. Hillemeier and associates of the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program, N. Kogut and M. Gingras and associates of the California Department of Fish and Game, B. Poytress and associates of the Red Bluff Fish and Wildlife Service Office, T. Rien, R. Farr, and associates of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and O. Langness and associates of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, who all collected and provided samples for this study. Ethan Mora provided the map. Earlier drafts of this manuscript benefited from constructive comments from P. Moyle, B. Ardren, and M. Chilcote as well as three anonymous reviewers. This study has been supported by funds from CALFED (Nos. ERP-02D-P57, 98-C15, and 99-F105), Anadromous Fish Restoration Program (11332-1-G005), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and University of California, Davis, Ecology Graduate Group Block Grants, Hart, Cole, Goss Summer Research Fellowships, and Butler and Walker University Fellowships to J.A.I. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1491 EP 1504 DI 10.1139/F09-091 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494RZ UT WOS:000269834500009 ER PT J AU Hyde, JR Vetter, RD AF Hyde, John R. Vetter, Russell D. TI Population genetic structure in the redefined vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus) indicates limited larval dispersal and reveals natural management units SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; GENUS SEBASTES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; FLOW; DNA; EXTRACTION; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; BOCACCIO; BARRIERS AB Recent studies have revealed that the vermilion rockfish Sebastes miniatus is a cryptic species pair. The splitting of this species impacts stock size estimates and draws attention to the unintended consequences of current management policies. Differences in exploitation level between the species necessitated an evaluation of population structure and connectivity among regional management segments of the fishery. Analysis of gene flow and calculations of larval dispersal values were accomplished using 782 bp of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 684 vermilion rockfish sampled from 16 sites between Kyuquot Sound, Canada, and San Quintin, Mexico. Significant genetic heterogeneity was found among sample sites (Phi(ST) = 0.0742, p < 0.001 and F(ST) = 0.0899, p < 0.001). Isolation by distance analysis produced a significant correlation, suggesting low average larval dispersal distance. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant partitioning of genetic variance across the biogeographic boundary at Point Conception (Phi(CT) = 0.0923, p < 0.001 and F(CT) = 0.0135, p < 0.001) with additional genetic barriers found at Cape Mendocino, Punta Colnett, Santa Monica Bay, and along the coast of Washington. These genetic barriers conform to oceanographic compartments previously proposed for the California Current Ecological Province and suggest natural management units for this species. C1 [Hyde, John R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hyde, John R.; Vetter, Russell D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hyde, JR (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM John.Hyde@noaa.gov FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service FX The assistance of numerous people in the field collection of fish used in this study is greatly appreciated, in particular M. Lackey and the crew of the F/V Vagabond, K. Franke and the crew of the F/V Outer Limits, the captain and crew of the F/V Pacific Queen, and J. Diamond and the crew of the F/V Stardust. D. Bodenmiller (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), J. Budrick (California Department of Fish and Game), J. Butler (National Marine Fisheries Service), T. Carpenter (California Department of Fish and Game), J. Headlee (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife), M. Johansson (Oregon State University), N. Kellar (National Marine Fisheries Service), M. Love (University of California at Santa Barbara), J. Marliave (Vancouver Aquarium), M. McCrae (University of California at Santa Barbara), R. Nakamura (California State University In San Luis Obispo), and T. Olive (California State University In San Luis Obispo) also provided invaluable assistance in sample collection. S. Snyder and C. Shultz provided valuable assistance in the laboratory analyses. V. Buonaccorsi provided valuable insight into the population genetic analyses. Comments provided by three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1569 EP 1581 DI 10.1139/F09-104 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494RZ UT WOS:000269834500015 ER PT J AU Cravatte, S Delcroix, T Zhang, DX McPhaden, M Leloup, J AF Cravatte, Sophie Delcroix, Thierry Zhang, Dongxiao McPhaden, Michael Leloup, Julie TI Observed freshening and warming of the western Pacific Warm Pool SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Review DE Western tropical Pacific; Warm Pool; Sea surface salinity; Hydrological cycle; Decadal variability; Long-term trend ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SALINITY BARRIER LAYER; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CONVERGENCE ZONE AB Trends in observed sea surface salinity (SSS) and temperature are analyzed for the tropical Pacific during 1955-2003. Since 1955, the western Pacific Warm Pool has significantly warmed and freshened, whereas SSS has been increasing in the western Coral Sea and part of the subtropical ocean. Waters warmer than 28.5A degrees C warmed on average by 0.29A degrees C, and freshened by 0.34 pss per 50 years. Our study also indicates a significant horizontal extension of the warm and fresh surface waters, an expansion of the warm waters volume, and a notable eastward extension of the SSS fronts located on the equator and under the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Mixed layer depth changes examined along 137A degrees E and 165A degrees E are complex, but suggest an increase in the equatorial barrier layer thickness. Our study also reveals consistency between observed SSS trends and a mean hydrological cycle increase inferred from Clausius-Clapeyron scaling, as predicted under global warming scenarios. Possible implications of these changes for ocean-atmosphere interactions and El Nio events are discussed. C1 [Cravatte, Sophie; Delcroix, Thierry] IRD LEGOS, UMR 5566, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Zhang, Dongxiao; McPhaden, Michael] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Leloup, Julie] Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Cravatte, S (reprint author), IRD LEGOS, UMR 5566, 14 Ave Ed Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM Sophie.Cravatte@ird.fr RI Leloup, Julie/A-5702-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Delcroix, Thierry/I-6103-2016; Cravatte, Sophie/J-7081-2016 OI Leloup, Julie/0000-0002-4907-2326; Delcroix, Thierry/0000-0002-8850-4865; Cravatte, Sophie/0000-0002-2439-8952 NR 108 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 565 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0526-7 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474PO UT WOS:000268296600009 ER PT J AU Selkoe, KA Halpern, BS Ebert, CM Franklin, EC Selig, ER Casey, KS Bruno, J Toonen, RJ AF Selkoe, K. A. Halpern, B. S. Ebert, C. M. Franklin, E. C. Selig, E. R. Casey, K. S. Bruno, J. Toonen, R. J. TI A map of human impacts to a "pristine" coral reef ecosystem, the PapahAnaumokuAkea Marine National Monument SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Threat assessment; Vulnerability; Ecosystem-based management; Marine-protected areas; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands ID NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASSEMBLAGES; STRESSORS; AUSTRALIA; HABITAT AB Effective and comprehensive regional-scale marine conservation requires fine-grained data on the spatial patterns of threats and their overlap. To address this need for the PapahAnaumokuAkea Marine National Monument (Monument) in Hawaii, USA, spatial data on 14 recent anthropogenic threats specific to this region were gathered or created, including alien species, bottom fishing, lobster trap fishing, ship-based pollution, ship strike risks, marine debris, research diving, research equipment installation, research wildlife sacrifice, and several anthropogenic climate change threats i.e., increase in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, seawater acidification, the number of warm ocean temperature anomalies relevant to disease outbreaks and coral bleaching, and sea level rise. These data were combined with habitat maps and expert judgment on the vulnerability of different habitat types in the Monument to estimate spatial patterns of current cumulative impact at 1 ha (0.01 km(2)) resolution. Cumulative impact was greatest for shallow reef areas and peaked at Maro Reef, where 13 of the 14 threats overlapped in places. Ocean temperature variation associated with disease outbreaks was found to have the highest predicted impact overall, followed closely by other climate-related threats, none of which have easily tractable management solutions at the regional scale. High impact threats most tractable to regional management relate to ship traffic. Sensitivity analyses show that the results are robust to both data availability and quality. Managers can use these maps to (1) inform management and surveillance priorities based on the ranking of threats and their distributions, (2) guide permitting decisions based on cumulative impacts, and (3) choose areas to monitor for climate change effects. Furthermore, this regional analysis can serve as a case study for managers elsewhere interested in assessing and mapping region-specific cumulative human impacts. C1 [Selkoe, K. A.; Halpern, B. S.; Ebert, C. M.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Selkoe, K. A.; Franklin, E. C.; Toonen, R. J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Bruno, J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Casey, K. S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Selkoe, KA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM selkoe@nceas.ucsb.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117 FU National Marine Sanctuaries [MOA 2005-008/66832]; David & Lucille Packard Foundation; NCEAS FX Thanks to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands scientific and management communities for their participation and data sharing. Thanks to Rusty Brainard for help with benthic cover data, the Marine Debris Team at the NOAA PIFSC Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, and John Guinotte for assistance with acidification data. Funding was provided through a National Marine Sanctuaries MOA 2005-008/66832 (KAS and RJT) and the David & Lucille Packard Foundation and NCEAS (BSH). NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 10 U2 85 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 EI 1432-0975 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 635 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s00338-009-0490-z PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 474ZN UT WOS:000268323800009 ER PT J AU de Magny, GC Long, W Brown, CW Hood, RR Huq, A Murtugudde, R Colwell, RR AF de Magny, Guillaume Constantin Long, Wen Brown, Christopher W. Hood, Raleigh R. Huq, Anwar Murtugudde, Raghu Colwell, Rita R. TI Predicting the Distribution of Vibrio spp. in the Chesapeake Bay: A Vibrio cholerae Case Study SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Vibrio cholerae; forecast; Chesapeake Bay; habitat models; pathogens ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; VULNIFICUS; EPIDEMICS; SALINITY; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; OSCILLATION; ENVIRONMENT; ESTUARIES AB Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a naturally occurring inhabitant of the Chesapeake Bay and serves as a predictor for other clinically important vibrios, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. A system was constructed to predict the likelihood of the presence of V. cholerae in surface waters of the Chesapeake Bay, with the goal to provide forecasts of the occurrence of this and related pathogenic Vibrio spp. Prediction was achieved by driving an available multivariate empirical habitat model estimating the probability of V. cholerae within a range of temperatures and salinities in the Bay, with hydrodynamically generated predictions of ambient temperature and salinity. The experimental predictions provided both an improved understanding of the in situ variability of V. cholerae, including identification of potential hotspots of occurrence, and usefulness as an early warning system. With further development of the system, prediction of the probability of the occurrence of related pathogenic vibrios in the Chesapeake Bay, notably V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, will be possible, as well as its transport to any geographical location where sufficient relevant data are available. C1 [de Magny, Guillaume Constantin; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Long, Wen; Brown, Christopher W.; Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Long, Wen; Hood, Raleigh R.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Brown, Christopher W.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Huq, Anwar; Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Pathogen Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP de Magny, GC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Biomol Sci Bldg 296,Room 3104H, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM magny@umi-acs.umd.edu RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391; FU National Institutes of Health [1 R01 A139129]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [S0660009, NA05NOS4781222, NA05NOS4781226]; NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research FX GCdeM and RRC were funded in part by National Institutes of Health Grant No. 1 R01 A139129 and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant No. S0660009. WL and RH were funded by NOAA Grant No. NA05NOS4781222 and NA05NOS4781226 and CWB by the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research. Authors gratefully acknowledge Jiangtao Xu for her contribution to the hindcast capability. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0273-6 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605LC UT WOS:000278348100010 ER PT J AU Lander, ME Loughlin, TR Logsdon, MG VanBlaricom, GR Fadely, BS Fritz, LW AF Lander, Michelle E. Loughlin, Thomas R. Logsdon, Miles G. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Fadely, Brian S. Fritz, Lowell W. TI Regional differences in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oceanographic habitat used by Steller sea lions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Aleutian Islands; chlorophyll a; composition; diet; diversity; Eumetopias jubatus; Gulf of Alaska; heterogeneity; satellite telemetry; sea surface temperature; Steller sea lion ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; MAMMAL SPECIES RICHNESS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; WALLEYE POLLOCK; COASTAL GULF; POPULATION DECLINE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA AB Over the past three decades, the decline and altered spatial distribution of the western stock of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska have been attributed to changes in the distribution or abundance of their prey due to the cumulative effects of fisheries and environmental perturbations. During this period, dietary prey occurrence and diet diversity were related to population decline within metapopulation regions of the western stock of Steller sea lions, suggesting that environmental conditions may be variable among regions. The objective of this study, therefore, was to examine regional differences in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oceanographic habitat used by Steller sea lions within the context of recent measures of diet diversity and population trajectories. Habitat use was assessed by deploying satellite-depth recorders and satellite relay data loggers on juvenile Steller sea lions (n = 45) over a five-year period (2000-2004) within four regions of the western stock, including the western, central, and eastern Aleutian Islands, and central Gulf of Alaska. Areas used by sea lions during summer months (June, July, and August) were demarcated using satellite telemetry data and characterized by environmental variables (sea surface temperature [SST] and chlorophyll a [chl a]), which possibly serve as proxies for environmental processes or prey. Spatial patterns of SST diversity and Steller sea lion population trends among regions were fairly consistent with trends reported for diet studies, possibly indicating a link between environmental diversity, prey diversity, and distribution or abundance of Steller sea lions. Overall, maximum spatial heterogeneity coupled with minimal temporal variability of SST appeared to be beneficial for Steller sea lions. In contrast, these patterns were not consistent for chl a, and there appeared to be an ecological threshold. Understanding how Steller sea lions respond to measures of environmental heterogeneity will ultimately be useful for implementing ecosystem management approaches and developing additional conservation strategies. C1 [Lander, Michelle E.; Loughlin, Thomas R.; Fadely, Brian S.; Fritz, Lowell W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lander, Michelle E.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Logsdon, Miles G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lander, ME (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michelle.lander@noaa.gov RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015 OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887 NR 116 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1645 EP 1659 DI 10.1890/08-0159.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200023 PM 19769109 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Bodor, S Lindner, E Toth, K Gyurcsanyi, RE AF Zook, Justin M. Bodor, Sandor Lindner, Erno Toth, Klara Gyurcsanyi, Robert E. TI Assessment of Ion-Ionophore Complex Diffusion Coefficients in Solvent Polymeric Membranes SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electrochemical Sensors CY OCT 05-08, 2008 CL Dobogoko, HUNGARY DE Ion-selective electrodes; Ion-ionophore complex; Diffusion coefficient; Chronoamperometry; Chronopotentiometry; Ionophores; Membranes ID SELECTIVE MEMBRANES; CHRONOAMPEROMETRIC METHOD; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; ELECTRODES; TRANSPORT; COMPONENTS; LIFETIME; SENSORS; BULK; TIME AB Chronoamperometric (CA) and chronopotentiometric (CP) transients have been used previously for the determination of the diffusion coefficients of free ionophores in ion-selective liquid membranes. In this work, the CA and CP transients are utilized to determine the diffusion coefficients of a variety of ion-ionophore complexes in these membranes. The conditions under which the ion-ionophore complex diffusion coefficients can be determined from the CA and CP transients are discussed. For most ionophores, the ion-ionophore complex diffusion coefficients were found to be slightly smaller or similar to the previously calculated free ionophore diffusion coefficients. However, for a couple of ionophores, the ion-ionophore complex diffusion coefficients were found to be significantly smaller than expected. Significant ion-pair formation in the membranes can explain this disparity. C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Lindner, Erno] Univ Memphis, Dept Biomed Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Gyurcsanyi, Robert E.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. [Bodor, Sandor; Toth, Klara; Gyurcsanyi, Robert E.] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Tech Analyt Chem, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. RP Lindner, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elindner@memphis.edu; robertgy@mail.bme.hu RI Gyurcsanyi, Robert/F-5865-2010; Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008 OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 17-18 BP 1923 EP 1930 DI 10.1002/elan.200904631 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 501RM UT WOS:000270399100006 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Ziskin, D Baugh, KE Tuttle, BT Ghosh, T Pack, DW Erwin, EH Zhizhin, M AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Ziskin, Daniel Baugh, Kimberly E. Tuttle, Benjamin T. Ghosh, Tilottama Pack, Dee W. Erwin, Edward H. Zhizhin, Mikhail TI A Fifteen Year Record of Global Natural Gas Flaring Derived from Satellite Data SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE gas flaring; carbon emissions; nighttime lights ID LIGHTS AB We have produced annual estimates of national and global gas flaring and gas flaring efficiency from 1994 through 2008 using low light imaging data acquired by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Gas flaring is a widely used practice for the disposal of associated gas in oil production and processing facilities where there is insufficient infrastructure for utilization of the gas (primarily methane). Improved utilization of the gas is key to reducing global carbon emissions to the atmosphere. The DMSP estimates of flared gas volume are based on a calibration developed with a pooled set of reported national gas flaring volumes and data from individual flares. Flaring efficiency was calculated as the volume of flared gas per barrel of crude oil produced. Global gas flaring has remained largely stable over the past fifteen years, in the range of 140 to 170 billion cubic meters (BCM). Global flaring efficiency was in the seven to eight cubic meters per barrel from 1994 to 2005 and declined to 5.6 m(3) per barrel by 2008. The 2008 gas flaring estimate of 139 BCM represents 21% of the natural gas consumption of the USA with a potential retail market value of $68 billion. The 2008 flaring added more than 278 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO(2)e) into the atmosphere. The DMSP estimated gas flaring volumes indicate that global gas flaring has declined by 19% since 2005, led by gas flaring reductions in Russia and Nigeria, the two countries with the highest gas flaring levels. The flaring efficiency of both Russia and Nigeria improved from 2005 to 2008, suggesting that the reductions in gas flaring are likely the result of either improved utilization of the gas, reinjection, or direct venting of gas into the atmosphere, although the effect of uncertainties in the satellite data cannot be ruled out. It is anticipated that the capability to estimate gas flaring volumes based on satellite data will spur improved utilization of gas that was simply burnt as waste in previous years. C1 [Elvidge, Christopher D.; Erwin, Edward H.] NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Solar & Terr Div, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ziskin, Daniel; Baugh, Kimberly E.; Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Ghosh, Tilottama] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Ghosh, Tilottama] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO USA. [Pack, Dee W.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Zhizhin, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow V71, Russia. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Observat Grp, Solar & Terr Div, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; daniel.ziskin@noaa.gov; kim.baugh@noaa.gov; ben.tuttle@noaa.gov; tilottama.ghosh@noaa.gov; dee.w.pack@aerospace.org; edward.h.erwin@noaa.gov; jjn@wdcb.ru RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014 FU World Bank Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) initiative; Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development program FX This study was funded by the World Bank Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) initiative. Work by Dee W. Pack was funded by The Aerospace Corporation's Independent Research and Development program. NR 5 TC 210 Z9 226 U1 7 U2 93 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 595 EP 622 DI 10.3390/en20300595 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 583UF UT WOS:000276704700008 ER PT J AU Park, SH Lee, KM Hwang, CH AF Park, Seul-Hyun Lee, Kee-Man Hwang, Cheol-Hong TI Influences of Heat Loss on NO, Formation in a Premixed CH4/Air-Fueled Combustor SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID JET FLAMES; RESIDENCE TIME; NITRIC-OXIDE; AIR; DIFFUSION; EMISSIONS; MODEL AB In an effect to investigate the influence of heat losses to the atmospheric enviroment on NOx formation in a CH4/air fueled combustor, we performed a parametric study in a perfectly surred reactor (PSR). The PSR code in conjunction with Chemkin II was used to conduct the numerical analysis for various parameter adjustments which were made to vary NO., formed in the reactor over a wide range of conditions. The parameter adjustments include variations in the residence time and the heat transfer coefficient at art equivalence ratio of 0.9 that can influence the reactor temperature and thus NO, formation. The numerical results indicated that the NO concentration in the reactor varied in a similar pattern as the reactor temperature over the residence time for given heat loss conditions. This wits due to the fact that net NO production rate (which is the sum of total NO production and consumption rates) wits nearly identical to thermal NO Production rate (which is sensitive to changes in the reactor temperature), This. interesting result enabled us to correlate the reactor temperature coupled with variations in the residence time and heat loss condition with the NO concentration in the reactor. C1 [Hwang, Cheol-Hong] Inha Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. [Lee, Kee-Man] Sunnohan Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Sunchon 540742, Jeonnam, South Korea. [Park, Seul-Hyun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hwang, CH (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chhwang@inhaian.net NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2009 VL 23 BP 4378 EP 4384 DI 10.1021/ef900500s PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 505EG UT WOS:000270671500021 ER PT J AU Park, SH Choi, MY AF Park, Seul-Hyun Choi, Mun Young TI Formation of Sootshell and Attendant Effects on Droplet Burning Rate and Radiative Heat Transfer in Microgravity Ethanol Droplet Flames SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SOOTING BEHAVIOR; INITIAL DIAMETER; COMBUSTION; FUELS; HEPTANE; PARTICLES; PYROLYSIS; MIXTURES; BIOFUELS; GRAVITY AB Microgravity ethanol droplet combustion experiements were performed at the NASA 2.2 s droptower in Cleverland, OH to investigate the formation or sootshell and it its attendant influences on the burning behavior and radiative heat transfer. Measurements include the burning rate, soot standoff ratio, soot volume fraction, soot temperature.. and radiative heat losses, These experiments demonstrated strong influence of inert gas substitution (that caused changes in the thermophysical properties and temperature) between nitrogen and argon. The experimentally measured soot standoff ratio (SSR) for the argon inert experiment wits similar to 1.4, whereas the value for the nitrogen inert experiment was similar to 2.5. The SSR. wits ,,o calculated using, balance among Stefan, thermophoretic, and diffusiophoretic fluxes, This analysis represents tile first quantitative study in which diffusiophoretic transport was considered using experimentally determined gas-phase temperature distributions for tile analysis of sootshell formation. The computed values of the SSR. art) in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. The location of sootshell influences the radiative heat transfer from the flame to the droplet and to the surrounding environment and can modify tile burning rate. C1 [Park, Seul-Hyun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Choi, Mun Young] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Park, SH (reprint author), NIST, BFPL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seulpark@nist.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2009 VL 23 BP 4395 EP 4403 DI 10.1021/ef900565u PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 505EG UT WOS:000270671500023 ER PT J AU Akhmedova-Azizova, LA Abdulagatov, IM Bruno, TJ AF Akhmedova-Azizova, L. A. Abdulagatov, I. M. Bruno, T. J. TI Effect of RP-1 Compositional Variability on Thermal Conductivity at High Temperatures and High Pressures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; SR(NO3)(2); LIQUIDS AB The thermal conductivity of rocket propellant RP-1 has been measured with a ooaxial-cylinder (steady- state) technique, Measurements were made in the temperature range from 292 to 732 K and at. pressures up to 60 MPa. The expanded uncertainties of thermal conductivity, pressure, and temperature measurements, at the 95% confidence level with I coverage factor of k = 2 were estimated to be 2%, 0.05%, and 30 mK, respectively. The thermal conductivity data for RP-1 reported in this work do not include the correction to radiation. Therefore, the uncertainty of the data is larger than 2%. The onset of the effects of thermal decomposition (chemical reaction) on the thermal conductivity of RP-1 at temperatures was found above approximately 650 K, The measured values of thermal conductivity were compared with the data reported in the literature and with the values calculated from a correlation equation. The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the present data and the values reported in the literature was 1.0%. Ail empirical model was developed to predict the thermal conductivity of RP-1 (within 2.0%) with just. the thermal conductivity values as a function of pressure at reference temperature T(0) = 293 K, lambda(0)(P), as input. C1 [Akhmedova-Azizova, L. A.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. [Abdulagatov, I. M.; Bruno, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Azadlig Ave,Az1010, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP PY 2009 VL 23 BP 4522 EP 4528 DI 10.1021/ef900435b PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 505EG UT WOS:000270671500039 ER PT J AU Anenberg, SC West, JJ Fiore, AM Jaffe, DA Prather, MJ Bergmann, D Cuvelier, K Dentener, FJ Duncan, BN Gauss, M Hess, P Jonson, JE Lupu, A MacKenzie, IA Marmer, E Park, RJ Sanderson, MG Schultz, M Shindell, DT Szopa, S Vivanco, MG Wild, O Zang, G AF Anenberg, Susan Casper West, J. Jason Fiore, Arlene M. Jaffe, Daniel A. Prather, Michael J. Bergmann, Daniel Cuvelier, Kees Dentener, Frank J. Duncan, Bryan N. Gauss, Michael Hess, Peter Jonson, Jan Eiof Lupu, Alexandru MacKenzie, Ian A. Marmer, Elina Park, Rokjin J. Sanderson, Michael G. Schultz, Martin Shindell, Drew T. Szopa, Sophie Garcia Vivanco, Marta Wild, Oliver Zang, Guang TI Intercontinental Impacts of Ozone Pollution on Human Mortality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HEALTH-BENEFITS; AIR-POLLUTION; METAANALYSIS; EMISSIONS AB Ozone exposure is associated with negative health impacts, including premature mortality. Observations and modeling studies demonstrate that emissions from one continent influence ozone air quality over other continents. We estimate the premature mortalities avoided from surface ozone decreases obtained via combined 20% reductions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide, nonmethane volatile organic compound, and carbon monoxide emissions in North America (NA), East Asia (EA), South Asia (SA), and Europe (EU). We use estimates of ozone responses to these emission changes from several atmospheric chemical transport models combined with a health impact function. Foreign emission reductions contribute approximately 30%, 30%, 20%, and > 50% of the mortalities avoided by reducing precursor emissions in all regions together in NA, EA, SA, and EU, respectively. Reducing emissions in NA and EU avoids more mortalities outside the source region than within, owing in part to larger populations in foreign regions. Lowering the global methane abundance by 20% reduces mortality most in SA,followed by EU, EA, and NA. For some source-receptor pairs, there is greater uncertainty in our estimated avoided mortalities associated with the modeled ozone responses to emission changes than with the health impact function parameters. C1 [Anenberg, Susan Casper; West, J. Jason] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Jaffe, Daniel A.] Univ Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA USA. [Prather, Michael J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Bergmann, Daniel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Cuvelier, Kees; Dentener, Frank J.] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainability, Ispra, Italy. [Gauss, Michael; Sanderson, Michael G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Gauss, Michael; Jonson, Jan Eiof; Szopa, Sophie] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Hess, Peter] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hess, Peter] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Lupu, Alexandru] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [MacKenzie, Ian A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Park, Rokjin J.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sanderson, Michael G.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Schultz, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany. [Shindell, Drew T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, Drew T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Szopa, Sophie] UVSQ, CNRS, CEA, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Garcia Vivanco, Marta] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Wild, Oliver] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Zang, Guang] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jasonwest@unc.edu RI Vivanco, Marta/L-9816-2014; West, Jason/J-2322-2015; Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013 OI Vivanco, Marta/0000-0002-5828-1859; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987; Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; FU Merck Foundation; University of North Carolina Junior Faculty Development Award; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Ontario Ministry of the Environment; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Innovation Trust; Research Settlement Fund; NERC [NE/D012538/1]; Defra [AQ0409]; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; MOD [CBC/2B/0417-Annex C5] FX This work was Supported by the Merck Foundation and a University of North Carolina Junior Faculty Development Award. Model Simulations were performed under the UN ECE Task Force oil Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution. A.L. acknowledges financial support from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Innovation Trust. R.J.P. was partly supported by Research Settlement Fund for the new faculty of SNU. I.A.M. acknowledges funding from NERC (NE/D012538/1). M.G.S. was supported by Defra (AQ0409), DECC/Defra (GA01101), and MOD (CBC/2B/0417-Annex C5). NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6482 EP 6487 DI 10.1021/es900518z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000012 PM 19764205 ER PT J AU Ho, KT Gielazyn, ML Pelletier, MC Burgess, RM Cantwell, MC Perron, MM Serbst, JR Johnson, RL AF Ho, Kay T. Gielazyn, Michel L. Pelletier, Marguerite C. Burgess, Robert M. Cantwell, Mark C. Perron, Monique M. Serbst, Jonathan R. Johnson, Roxanne L. TI Do Toxicity Identification and Evaluation Laboratory-Based Methods Reflect Causes of Field Impairment? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CLAM MYA-ARENARIA; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; COMET ASSAY; DNA-DAMAGE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; CONTAMINATED SITE; POPULATION-LEVEL AB Sediment toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods are relatively simple laboratory methods designed to identify specific toxicants or classes of toxicants in sediments; however, the question of whether the same toxicant identified in the laboratory is causing effects in the field remains unanswered. The objective of our study was to determine if laboratory TIE methods accurately reflect field effects. A TIE performed on sediments collected from the Elizabeth River (ER) in Virginia identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as the major toxicants, Several lines of evidence indicated PAHs were the major toxic agents in the field, including elevated PAH concentrations in ER sediments, comet assay results from in situ caged Merceneria merceneria, and chemical analyses of exposed M. merceneria, which indicated high PAH concentrations in the bivalve tissue, Our final evidence was the response from test organisms exposed to ER sediment extracts and then ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation caused a toxic diagnostic response unique to PAHs. The aggregation of these various lines of evidence supports the conclusion that PAHs were the likely cause of effects in laboratory- and field-exposed organisms, and that laboratory-based TIE findings reflect causes of field impairment. C1 [Ho, Kay T.; Pelletier, Marguerite C.; Burgess, Robert M.; Cantwell, Mark C.; Serbst, Jonathan R.; Johnson, Roxanne L.] US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Gielazyn, Michel L.] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Waste Management Div, US EPA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Perron, Monique M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ho, KT (reprint author), US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM ho.kay@epa.gov NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 6857 EP 6863 DI 10.1021/es900215x PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GB UT WOS:000269258000067 PM 19764260 ER PT J AU Maier, GO Simenstad, CA AF Maier, Greer O. Simenstad, Charles A. TI The Role of Marsh-Derived Macrodetritus to the Food Webs of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Large Altered Estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Detritus; Food webs; Isotopes; Juvenile Chinook; Columbia River estuary ID COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; SALT-MARSH; CARBON ISOTOPES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GROWTH-RATE AB The goal of this study was to determine the food web pathways supporting juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon in the Columbia River estuary through multiple stable isotope analysis (delta(13)C, delta(15)N, delta(34)S). Using this method, we distinguished the role of various organic matter sources in Chinook food webs and interpreted the dynamics of their use both spatially and temporally within the estuary. Our results indicate that subyearling Chinook are associated with fluvial, anthropogenic, estuarine, and marine organic matter sources, with hatchery food and vascular plant detritus being the most dominant sources in juvenile Chinook food webs. Although freshwater phytoplankton is involved in many food web pathways to subyearling Chinook, increased phytoplankton production from the impounded river has not replaced the loss of autochthonous marsh production to fish. Our results indicate that large-scale ecosystem alteration may have decreased the availability and quality of food webs in the estuary and potentially diminished the ability of the Columbia to support Chinook salmon. C1 [Maier, Greer O.; Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Maier, GO (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 1829 S Oregon St, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. EM greer.anderson@noaa.gov; simenstd@u.washington.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration; University of Washington FX The authors of this paper are grateful to a number of people for their contribution to this work: firstly, Dan Bottom, Mary Bhuthimethee, Lance Campbell, Ed Casillas, Kurt Fresh, Susan Hinton, George McCabe, Regan McNatt, Curtis Roegner, Lia Stamatiou, David Teel, and Jen Zamon for their help collecting fish. Jen Burke, Mary Austill Lott, and Daniel Shindler from the University of Washington provided continuous support and guidance. They would also like to thank Fred Prahl at Oregon State University for his assistance during laboratory and data analysis. Lastly, Peter Bisson and Jim Lichatowich helped in reviewing this paper and financial support was provided by Bonneville Power Administration and the University of Washington. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 984 EP 998 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9197-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 482PP UT WOS:000268901500013 ER PT J AU Weinstein, MP Litvin, SY Guida, VG AF Weinstein, Michael P. Litvin, Steven Y. Guida, Vincent G. TI Essential Fish Habitat and Wetland Restoration Success: A Tier III Approach to the Biochemical Condition of Common Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in Common Reed Phragmites australis- and Smooth Cordgrass Spartina alterniflora-Dominated Salt Marshes SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Essential fish habitat; F. heteroclitus; Salt marshes; Biochemical condition ID HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NEW-JERSEY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WINTER MORTALITY; BRACKISH-MARSH; TIDAL MARSH; FRESH-WATER; LIPID CLASS; FOOD WEBS AB A tier III, essential fish habitat analysis was used to evaluate the biochemical condition of common mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus residing in two isolated tidal salt marshes, one a relatively undisturbed polyhaline site dominated by Spartina alterniflora and the other a meso-oligohaline site dominated by an invasive variety of Phragmites australis. Stable isotopes signatures of C, N, and S in whole tissue samples of F. heteroclitus were used to compare the trophic spectrum for this species in each marsh as a function of the dominant macrophytes present with additional contributions from phytoplankton and benthic microalgae. Allometry of wet mass and its components, water mass, lean protein mass and lipid mass in individual fish exhibited hyperallometric patterns; and average lipid mass fell within the range reported for most fundulids, including F. heteroclitus. Significant differences were also detected in the allocation of lipid classes to energy reserves in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids. These reserves, especially TAG, are critical for reproduction, migration, and overwintering survival in many taxa and were significantly lower in fish collected in the P. australis-dominated marsh. Relative to the relatively undisturbed Spartina-dominated site, we tentatively conclude that the P. australis-invaded marsh was an inferior habitat for F. heteroclitus. C1 [Weinstein, Michael P.] Montclair State Univ, Inst Sustainabil Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Litvin, Steven Y.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Guida, Vincent G.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Weinstein, MP (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Inst Sustainabil Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM weinsteinmi@mail.montclair.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency, [X7-97280601]; Institute of Sustainability Studies, Montclair State University [ISS 2009-0001] FX We thank G. Sobotka for assistance in the laboratory, and P. Rowe, A. Avizius, and S. Strauss for their help in the field. S. Vincent kindly donated specimens of F. heteroclitus captured in Piermont Marsh tide pools. This study was supported by United States Environmental Protection Agency, grant no. X7-97280601, and posted as contribution # ISS 2009-0001, Institute of Sustainability Studies, Montclair State University. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1022 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9185-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 482PP UT WOS:000268901500015 ER PT J AU Churchill, CB Shaw, JA Iadicola, MA AF Churchill, C. B. Shaw, J. A. Iadicola, M. A. TI TIPS AND TRICKS FOR CHARACTERIZING SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY WIRE: PART 3-LOCALIZATION AND PROPAGATION PHENOMENA SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; STEEL; BANDS C1 [Churchill, C. B.; Shaw, J. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Iadicola, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Churchill, CB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM churchc@umich.edu OI Churchill, Christopher/0000-0002-2976-3146 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0732-8818 EI 1747-1567 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2009.00558.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 499AG UT WOS:000270188000010 ER PT J AU Sidorenko, VS Grollman, AP Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Zharkov, DO AF Sidorenko, Viktoriya S. Grollman, Arthur P. Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Zharkov, Dmitry O. TI Substrate specificity and excision kinetics of natural polymorphic variants and phosphomimetic mutants of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 8-oxoguanine; DNA damage; DNA glycosylase; DNA repair; substrate specificity ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; SIMIAN KIDNEY-CELLS; AP LYASE ACTIVITY; COLI FPG PROTEIN; OGG1 PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VIVO; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BIOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION AB Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1) efficiently removes mutagenic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine when paired with cytosine in oxidatively damaged DNA. Excision of 8-oxoGua mispaired with adenine may lead to G -> T transversions. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation could affect the cellular distribution and enzymatic activity of OGG1. Mutations and polymorphisms of OGG1 may affect the enzymatic activity and have been associated with increased risk of several cancers. In this study, we used double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides containing 8-oxoGua:Cyt or 8-oxoGua:Ade pairs, as well as gamma-irradiated calf thymus DNA, to investigate the kinetics and substrate specificity of several known OGG1 polymorphic variants and phosphomimetic Ser -> Glu mutants. Among the polymorphic variants, A288V and S326C displayed opposite-base specificity similar to that of wild-type OGG1, whereas OGG1-D322N was 2.3-fold more specific for the correct opposite base than the wild-type enzyme. All phosphomimetic mutants displayed similar to 1.5-3-fold lower ability to remove 8-oxoGua in both assays, whereas the substrate specificity of the phosphomimetic mutants was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. OGG1-S326C efficiently excised 8-oxoGua from oligodeoxynucleotides and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine from gamma-irradiated DNA, but excised 8-oxoG rather inefficiently from gamma-irradiated DNA. Otherwise, k(cat) values for 8-oxoGua excision obtained from both types of experiments were similar for all OGG1 variants studied. It is known that the human AP endonuclease APEX1 can stimulate OGG1 activity by increasing its turnover rate. However, when wild-type OGG1 was replaced by one of the phosphomimetic mutants, very little stimulation of 8-oxoGua removal was observed in the presence of APEX1. C1 [Sidorenko, Viktoriya S.; Zharkov, Dmitry O.] SB RAS Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Grollman, Arthur P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. [Zharkov, Dmitry O.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Novosibirsk, Russia. RP Zharkov, DO (reprint author), SB RAS Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, 8 Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM dzharkov@niboch.nsc.ru RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012; Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194; FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-04-00596-a]; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences [22.7, 22.14]; Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences [98]; National Cancer Institute [R01 CA017395, P01 CA047995] FX We thank M. Moriya (Stony Brook University) for his advice with mutagenesis procedures. Support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-04-00596-a), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (22.7, 22.14) and Integration Project No. 98 from the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences is acknowledged. The project was supported in part by Grants R01 CA017395 and P01 CA047995 from the National Cancer Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this article in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 276 IS 18 BP 5149 EP 5162 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07212.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 488RD UT WOS:000269366500013 PM 19674107 ER PT J AU Amon, F Ducharme, A AF Amon, Francine Ducharme, Alfred TI Image Frequency Analysis for Testing of Fire Service Thermal Imaging Cameras SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal imaging camera; performance metric; test method; image analysis; fire service AB A growing number of first responders are purchasing infrared cameras (thermal imagers). Thermal imagers provide critical information for many firefighting operations: size up, tracking of fire growth, location of victims and egress routes, overhaul, etcaEuro broken vertical bar. Although thermal imagers have proven to be useful tools for the fire service over the past 10-15 years, there is no existing comprehensive performance standard for thermal imagers used in fire service applications. A suite of thermal imager performance metrics and test methods is being developed for possible inclusion in a proposed standard on thermal imagers for the fire service. The following goals apply to two of the imaging performance metrics in this suite: to explore the feasibility of a new spatial resolution metric and test method, the Random Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); and to transfer the essential characteristics of complex fire scene images to a thermal target for the effective temperature range test using image frequency content analysis. Images of humans standing in an upright position at varying distances from the thermal imager under test and wearing either street clothes or turnout gear were analyzed for frequency content. These data were then used to determine the frequency of a bar target for the bench-scale effective temperature range test. C1 [Amon, Francine] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ducharme, Alfred] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Amon, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM francine.amon@nist.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1007/s10694-008-0060-x PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 443NW UT WOS:000265918000004 ER PT J AU Cheung, WWL Lam, VWY Sarmiento, JL Kearney, K Watson, R Pauly, D AF Cheung, William W. L. Lam, Vicky W. Y. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Kearney, Kelly Watson, Reg Pauly, Daniel TI Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Bioclimate envelope; climate change impact; global marine biodiversity; niche-based model; species turnover ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SPECIES-RICHNESS; FISHES; TEMPERATURE; SEA; RANGE; MODELS; SHIFTS AB Climate change can impact the pattern of marine biodiversity through changes in species' distributions. However, global studies on climate change impacts on ocean biodiversity have not been performed so far. Our paper aims to investigate the global patterns of such impacts by projecting the distributional ranges of a sample of 1066 exploited marine fish and invertebrates for 2050 using a newly developed dynamic bioclimate envelope model. Our projections show that climate change may lead to numerous local extinction in the sub-polar regions, the tropics and semi-enclosed seas. Simultaneously, species invasion is projected to be most intense in the Arctic and the Southern Ocean. Together, they result in dramatic species turnovers of over 60% of the present biodiversity, implying ecological disturbances that potentially disrupt ecosystem services. Our projections can be viewed as a set of hypothesis for future analytical and empirical studies. C1 [Cheung, William W. L.; Lam, Vicky W. Y.; Watson, Reg; Pauly, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Kearney, Kelly] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cheung, WWL (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM w.cheung@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Watson, Reg/F-4850-2012; Cheung, William/F-5104-2013; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014 OI Watson, Reg/0000-0001-7201-8865; Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045; Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236 FU Pew Charitable Trust FX We thank A. Gelchu, S. Hodgson, A. Kitchingman and C. Close for their work on the Sea Around Us Project's species distribution ranges. We also thank D. Zeller, R. Ahrens, J. Hui and J. Alder for their advice and stimulating discussions. We thank the helpful comments from N. Dulvy and the anonymous referees. We are grateful to the NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for producing the climate projections. This study is funded by the Pew Charitable Trust through the Sea Around Us Project. NR 88 TC 431 Z9 448 U1 54 U2 434 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 235 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00315.x PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 483QR UT WOS:000268983100001 ER PT J AU Chopelet, J Waples, RS Mariani, S AF Chopelet, Julien Waples, Robin S. Mariani, Stefano TI Sex change and the genetic structure of marine fish populations SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Effective population size; hermaphroditism; life-history; population connectivity; random genetic drift; reproductive strategies ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ATLANTIC-MEDITERRANEAN TRANSITION; GOBY POMATOSCHISTUS-MINUTUS; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L.; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-SEA; SAND GOBY; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX AB The interaction between environmental forces and dispersal characteristics is largely responsible for the patterns of population structure in marine fish. Yet, crucial gaps in knowledge on life-histories and the relative contributions of numerous environmental factors still hinder a thorough understanding of marine population connectivity. One life-history trait so far overlooked by most fish population geneticists is sequential hermaphroditism, whereby individuals first mature as one sex and later in life reverse into the other sex. Population genetic theory predicts that sex-changing fish will present a higher potential for more spatially structured populations than gonochoristic species, as a result of their naturally skewed sex ratio, which is expected to reduce effective population size and hence increase genetic drift. We gathered published data on genetic population structure in marine fish, as summarized by the popular F-ST index, and - after controlling for several potentially confounding factors - we tested the hypothesis that sex-changing species are more genetically structured than gonochoristic ones. Although we found no evidence to support the theoretical expectations, our results suggest new working hypotheses that can stimulate new research avenues at the intersection between physiology, genetics and fisheries science. C1 [Chopelet, Julien; Mariani, Stefano] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Mariani, S (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM stefano.mariani@ucd.ie RI Mariani, Stefano/A-2964-2012; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Mariani, Stefano/0000-0002-5329-0553; FU Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) FX This study is part of JC's doctoral studies, which form part of a grant supported by the Research Frontiers Programme of Science Foundation Ireland (SFI). We thank Tasman Crowe and Michele Scardi for support in statistical analyses and Nathaniel Jue for help in data collection. We also thank Dave Weetman, Myriam Callier, Bruce Mann, Gary Carvalho and three anonymous reviewers for the insightful and constructive criticism that helped us improve the study. NR 111 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 329 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00329.x PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 483QR UT WOS:000268983100006 ER PT J AU Wada, S Kurata, O Hatai, K Noga, EJ Dykstra, MJ Burke, JS AF Wada, Shinpei Kurata, Osamu Hatai, Kishio Noga, Edward J. Dykstra, Michael J. Burke, John S. TI Reovirus-like Infection of Cultured Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus SO FISH PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatic syncytia; Paralichthys dentatus; summer flounder; reovirus-like particles ID HALIBUT HIPPOGLOSSUS-HIPPOGLOSSUS; LARVAL; VIRUS AB Examination via light and electron microscopy of juvenile summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus experiencing a subacute to chronic mortality revealed severe necrotizing hepatitis characterized by necrotic multinucleated giant cells (syncytia). The cytoplasms of syncytia contained paracrystalline arrays of reovirus-like particles, strongly suggesting that the epidemic was caused by the virus. This is the first report of a putative viral infection in summer flounder. C1 [Wada, Shinpei; Kurata, Osamu; Hatai, Kishio] Nippon Vet & Life Sci Univ, Lab Fish Dis, Tokyo 1808602, Japan. [Noga, Edward J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Dykstra, Michael J.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Burke, John S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Wada, S (reprint author), Nippon Vet & Life Sci Univ, Lab Fish Dis, Tokyo 1808602, Japan. EM shinpei@msc.biglobe.ne.jp FU National Sea Grant College Program [NA46RG0087]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; North Carolina Sea Grant College Program; EJN FX This work was supported in part by Grant #NA46RG0087 from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to the North Carolina Sea Grant College Program, to EJN. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC FISH PATHOL DEPT FISHERIES-FAC AGR PI TOKYO PA ACADEMY CENTER 358-5, YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0388-788X J9 FISH PATHOL JI Fish Pathol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 590VV UT WOS:000277257300008 ER PT J AU Haltuch, MA Punt, AE Dorn, MW AF Haltuch, Melissa A. Punt, Andre E. Dorn, Martin W. TI Evaluating the estimation of fishery management reference points in a variable environment SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Simulation; Biomass reference points; Environment; Estimators; Groundfish ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; STOCK; PERFORMANCE; RECRUITMENT; GROUNDFISH; SIZE AB There is strong evidence that low frequency between-year environmental variability, in addition to fishing, is able to affect fish population abundance via recruitment. However, scientific advice regarding catch limits is often based on control rules that depend on the estimation of biomass reference points which typically do not explicitly consider the effects of trends over time in reference points caused by environmental variability. Harvest rates based on commonly used biological reference points such as the level of unfished spawning biomass (B(0)). the current size of the stock in relation to B(0), and B(MSY) that are sustainable under current environmental conditions may be unsustainable under different environmental conditions. Although several methods exist for estimating biomass reference points, it is unclear which of these are most robust to the effects of long term, low frequency environmental variability. Therefore, simulation is used to evaluate alternative estimators. which differ in terms of how the stock-recruitment relationship is modeled, and whether explicit estimators or proxies are used for B(0), the steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship. and current spawning biomass relative to B(0). The simulations consider three life histories: a long-lived unproductive rockfish, a moderately long-lived and productive flatfish. and a moderately long-lived and productive hake with highly variable recruitment. Results indicate that in the presence of low frequency autocorrelated forcing of recruitment, biomass reference points should be based on average recruitment and/or dynamic B(0) if catch and survey data are available for at least one full period of the environmental variable. In contrast. previous analysis suggests that in the absence of autocorrelated environmental forcing of recruitment, and if the available catch and survey data do not span at least, in this case, 50 years which is one full period of the environmental variable, biomass reference points should be based on the fit of the stock-recruitment relationship. Life history affects the estimability of biomass reference points. which are more difficult to estimate for species with more rapid dynamics such as hake. The method used to calculate the reference points given the results of a stock assessment has a larger effect on estimability than the configuration of the stock assessment method, for the three stock assessment model configurations investigated in this study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Haltuch, Melissa A.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Haltuch, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Melissa.Haltuch@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NMFS/Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship [NA17RG1353]; NMFS [NA04NMF4550330] FX This paper was first presented at the Topic Session on "Ecosystem approach to fisheries: Improvements on traditional management for declining and depleted stocks" held at the 2007 PICES Annual Meeting in Victoria, Canada. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1 BP 42 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.03.001 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 501AI UT WOS:000270348600005 ER PT J AU Okal, EA Synolakis, CE Uslu, B Kalligeris, N Voukouvalas, E AF Okal, Emile A. Synolakis, Costas E. Uslu, Burak Kalligeris, Nikos Voukouvalas, Evangelos TI The 1956 earthquake and tsunami in Amorgos, Greece SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Tsunamis; Submarine landslides; Europe ID 1946 ALEUTIAN TSUNAMI; SOUTHERN AEGEAN TSUNAMI; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; ACTIVE TECTONICS; JULY 9; FIELD; SEA; ISLAND; WAVE; LANDSLIDES AB P>We conduct a comprehensive study of the Amorgos, Greece earthquake and tsunami of 1956 July 09, the largest such event in the Aegean Sea in the 20th century. Systematic relocation of the main shock and 34 associated events defines a rupture area measuring 75 x 40 km. The use of the Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism algorithm resolves the longstanding controversy about the focal geometry of the event, yielding a normal faulting mechanism along a plane dipping to the southeast, which expresses extensional tectonics in the back arc behind the Hellenic subduction zone. The seismic moment of 3.9 x 10(27) dyn cm is the largest measured in the past 100 yr in the Mediterranean Basin. A quantitative database of 68 values of tsunami run-up was built through the systematic interview, over the past 5 yr, of elderly eyewitness residents of 16 Aegean islands and the Turkish coast of Asia Minor. It confirms values of up to 20 m on the southern coast of Amorgos, 10 m on Astypalaia, and up to 14 m on the western coast of Folegandros, 80 km to the west of the epicentre. These values, largely in excess of the inferred seismic slip at the source, and their concentration along isolated segments of fault, are incompatible with the generation of the tsunami by the seismic dislocation, and require an ancillary source, in the form of a series of landslides triggered by the earthquake and/or its main aftershocks, a model confirmed by hydrodynamic simulations using both the dislocation source and models of landslide sources. C1 [Okal, Emile A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Synolakis, Costas E.; Uslu, Burak] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Synolakis, Costas E.; Kalligeris, Nikos; Voukouvalas, Evangelos] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Environm Engn, GR-73100 Khania, Greece. [Synolakis, Costas E.] Inst Appl & Computat Math, GR-71110 Iraklion, Greece. [Uslu, Burak] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Environm Labs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Okal, EA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM emile@earth.northwestern.edu RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379 FU National Science Foundation [CMS-03-01054, CMS-03-01081]; European Union; Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants CMS-03-01054 to EAO and CMS-03-01081 to CES, and by a 'TRANSFER' grant of the European Union to the Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics of the Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas (FORTH). Fieldwork was partially supported by the Howland Fund of the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University. We are grateful to John Ebel, Don Helmberger and James Dewey for providing copies of, or access to, historical seismograms. We acknowledge help in the field from Ahmet C. Yalciner at the Turkish sites, Maria Gaspari in Folegandros and Crete and Spiros Fotinis in Naxos. The paper was improved by the thoughtful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Most maps were drafted using the GMT software (Wessel & Smith 1991). NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 178 IS 3 BP 1533 EP 1554 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04237.x PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 483RF UT WOS:000268984700026 ER PT J AU Hsieh, CH Kim, HJ Watson, W Di Lorenzo, E Sugihara, G AF Hsieh, Chih-Hao Kim, Hey Jin Watson, William Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Sugihara, George TI Climate-driven changes in abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; CalCOFI; competitive release; decadal; ecological traits; geographic distribution; interannual; ocean warming; stratification; time series ID ARCTIC NORTH PACIFIC; LONG-TERM TRENDS; CURRENT SYSTEM; EL-NINO; MARINE FISHES; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; POPULATIONS; OSCILLATION AB We examined climatic effects on the geographic distribution and abundance of 34 dominant oceanic fishes in the southern California region using larval fish data collected from the 50-year long California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) surveys. The oceanic species responses to environmental changes in their geographic distributions were not very pronounced, perhaps because they lived in the deep layer where temperature change was relatively small or because the environmental variation of the CalCOFI region is not strong enough (with an average temperature gradient of the upper 100 m around 91 km degrees C(-1)). Among the 34 taxa, 16 showed a significant distributional shift (median latitude or boundaries) in relation to environmental variables, and eight species significantly shifted their geographic distribution from the 1951-1976 cold period to the 1977-1998 warm period. Interestingly, the vertically migrating taxa more often showed a significant response to environmental variables than the nonmigrating mesopelagic taxa, reflecting the more significant increase in heat content of the upper ocean (< 200 m), compared with the deeper zone (300-500 m) where the mesopelagic fishes typically remain. Climate change has significant effects on the abundances of oceanic fishes. Twenty-four taxa exhibited a significant change in abundance in relation to environmental variables, and 25 taxa, including both warm and cold-water taxa, showed a significant increase in abundance from the cold to warm period. Analysis of physical data indicated that the surface-layer (20-200 m) warmed significantly and the isotherms approached shoreward from the cold to the warm period. We further show that the spatial distribution of coastal-neritic fish retreated shoreward and oceanic fish extended shoreward from the cold to warm period. Our results suggest intensified stratification of the southern California region during the warm period may create a suitable habitat for the oceanic species. Moreover, such an unfavorable condition (e.g. changes in food habitat) for coastal-neritic species might result in competitive release for the oceanic fishes to flourish. C1 [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Environm Chem & Ecol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao; Kim, Hey Jin; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kim, Hey Jin] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Watson, William] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hsieh, CH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chsieh@ntu.edu.tw RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE); National Marine Fisheries Service; NSF/CAMEO; NSF/LTER-CCE; NSF/GLOBEC-OCE-0815280; NSC-LORECS; NTOU-CMBB; Deutche Bank-Jameson Complexity Studies Fund FX We thank the CalCOFI for the use of the data and M. D. Ohman for the comments on zooplankton data. Our study was funded by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE), the National Marine Fisheries Service, NSF/CAMEO, NSF/LTER-CCE, NSF/GLOBEC-OCE-0815280, NSC-LORECS, NTOU-CMBB, and Deutche Bank-Jameson Complexity Studies Fund. NR 60 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 9 BP 2137 EP 2152 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01875.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 479TQ UT WOS:000268684200004 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ Mikulski, CM Jones, KL King, KL Greenfield, DI Marin, R Jensen, S Roman, B Elliott, CT Scholin, CA AF Doucette, Gregory J. Mikulski, Christina M. Jones, Kelly L. King, Kristen L. Greenfield, Dianne I. Marin, Roman, III Jensen, Scott Roman, Brent Elliott, Christopher T. Scholin, Christopher A. TI Remote, subsurface detection of the algal toxin domoic acid onboard the Environmental Sample Processor: Assay development and field trials SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Environmental Sample Processor; Harmful algal blooms; Pseudo-nitzschia; Remote phycotoxin detection ID CALIFORNIA; PROBES; BLOOM AB The ability to detect harmful algal bloom (HAB) species and their toxins in real- or near real-time is a critical need for researchers studying HAB/toxin dynamics, as well as for coastal resource managers charged with monitoring bloom populations in order to mitigate their wide ranging impacts. The Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), a robotic electromechanical/fluidic system, was developed for the autonomous, subsurface application of molecular diagnostic tests and has successfully detected several HAB species using DNA probe arrays during field deployments. Since toxin production and thus the potential for public health and ecosystem effects varies considerably in natural phytoplankton populations, the concurrent detection of HAB species and their toxins onboard the ESP is essential. We describe herein the development of methods for extracting the algal toxin domoic acid (DA) from Pseudonitzschia cells (extraction efficiency >90%) and testing of samples using a competitive ELISA onboard the ESP. The assay detection limit is in the low ng/mL range (in extract), which corresponds to low ng/L levels of DA in seawater for a 0.5 L sample volume acquired by the ESP. We also report the first in situ detection of both a HAB organism (i.e., Pseudo-nitzschia) and its toxin, domoic acid, via the sequential (within 2-3 h) conduct of species- and toxin-specific assays during ESP deployments in Monterey Bay, CA, USA. Efforts are now underway to further refine the assay and conduct additional calibration exercises with the aim of obtaining more reliable, accurate estimates of bloom toxicity and thus their potential impacts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Doucette, Gregory J.; Mikulski, Christina M.; Jones, Kelly L.; King, Kristen L.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Marin, Roman, III; Jensen, Scott; Roman, Brent; Scholin, Christopher A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Greenfield, Dianne I.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Elliott, Christopher T.] Queens Univ Belfast, IAFLU, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 FU NOAA/NOS; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [OCE-0314222, EF-0424599, NNG06GB34G, OCE-0314089] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge S. Haley for initial experiments characterizing the DA antibody, as well as T. Roth and Dr. Z. Wang for the extraction and analysis of domoic acid in discrete water samples by SPR and LC-MS/MS, respectively. We thank the MBARI engineering technicians and machinists for their efforts and commitment to development of the ESP platform. We also greatly appreciate the valuable support from the crew of the RI V Zephyr and Moss Landing Marine Laboratory, Small Boat Operations, and assistance from Drs. W. Jones and C. Preston. This project was funded in part by NOAA/NOS operational funds and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute from funds allocated by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (OCE-0314222, EF-0424599, and NNG06GB34G to CAS, and OCE-0314089 to GJD).[SS] NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD SEP PY 2009 VL 8 IS 6 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2009.04.006 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 502XS UT WOS:000270494600008 ER PT J AU Secor, DH Kerr, LA Cadrin, SX AF Secor, David H. Kerr, Lisa A. Cadrin, Steven X. TI Connectivity effects on productivity, stability, and persistence in a herring metapopulation model SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Linking Herring CY AUG 26-29, 2008 CL Natl Univ Ireland, Galway, IRELAND SP Marine Inst, Inst Marine Res, ICES, Irish Tourist Board, PICES, Wageningen IMARES HO Natl Univ Ireland DE Atlantic herring; connectivity; entrainment; metapopulation; portfolio effect; straying ID CLUPEA-HARENGUS; STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY; ATLANTIC; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; SEA AB Diverse and interacting spawning groups of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) have varying degrees of independence to environmental conditions. How these population components respond independently to the same set of environmental conditions, and are connected through straying or entrainment, will contribute to the aggregate metapopulation dynamics. The consequences of connectivity for productivity, stability, and persistence were evaluated in an age-structured model of a two-component metapopulation. Simulation scenarios of straying and entrainment were developed to examine the effects of component interchange and recruitment covariance on metapopulation attributes. Asynchronous component responses should result in reduced variance in metapopulation dynamics, which was measured as the portfolio effect (PE). Most types and magnitudes of connectivity reduced metapopulation productivity and stability. Increased connectivity tended to increase instability of a component by distributing the effect of strong year classes among components and disrupting the "storage effect" within components. Density-dependent straying and entrainment, respectively, showed stabilizing and destabilizing feedback cycles on metapopulation stability and persistence. Furthermore, high rates of connectivity tended to result in increased synchronous responses between components and depressed metapopulation productivity, stability, and PE. Exploitation on a metapopulation should similarly depress independence among components because high mortality will dampen component responses to environmental forcing. C1 [Secor, David H.; Kerr, Lisa A.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Cadrin, Steven X.] NOAA UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Secor, DH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, 1 Williams St,POB 38, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM secor@cbl.umces.edu RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827 NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 8 BP 1726 EP 1732 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsp154 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 486NH UT WOS:000269203200012 ER PT J AU Afridi, M Montgomery, CB Cooper-Balis, E Semancik, S Kreider, KG Geist, J AF Afridi, Muhammad Montgomery, Christopher B. Cooper-Balis, Elliott Semancik, Stephen Kreider, Kenneth G. Geist, Jon TI Analog BIST Functionality for Microhotplate Temperature Sensors SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Built-in self-test (BIST); calibration; microhotplate; platinum/rhodium; sensor; temperature; thermocouple AB In this letter, we describe a novel long-term microhotplate temperature-sensor calibration technique suitable for built-in self-test (BIST). The microhotplate thermal resistance (thermal efficiency) and the thermal voltage from an integrated platinum/rhodium thermocouple were calibrated against a polysilicon temperature-sensor calibration curve which drifts over time. Both of these temperature sensors, which cannot be directly calibrated, exhibit excellent long-term temperature stability and are appropriate for BIST functionality. C1 [Afridi, Muhammad; Geist, Jon] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Montgomery, Christopher B.; Semancik, Stephen] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cooper-Balis, Elliott] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kreider, Kenneth G.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Afridi, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM afridi@nist.gov; christopher.montgomery@nist.gov; ecc17@umd.edu; stephen.semancik@nist.gov; kenneth.kreider@nist.gov; jon.geist@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Law Enforcement Standards and in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 9 BP 928 EP 930 DI 10.1109/LED.2009.2027038 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 489SO UT WOS:000269443000012 ER PT J AU Christopher, SA Gupta, P Nair, U Jones, TA Kondragunta, S Wu, YL Hand, J Zhang, XY AF Christopher, Sundar A. Gupta, Pawan Nair, U. Jones, Thomas A. Kondragunta, Shobha Wu, Yu-Ling Hand, Jenny Zhang, Xiaoyang TI Satellite Remote Sensing and Mesoscale Modeling of the 2007 Georgia/Florida Fires SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; satellite applications ID UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; AEROSOL; PM2.5 AB During April and May 2007, several hundred fires burned uncontrollably in Georgia and Florida. The smoke from these fire events were visible throughout the Southeastern United States and had a major impact on particulate matter (PM) air quality near the surface. In this study, we show the strength of polar orbiting and geostationary satellite data in capturing the spatial distribution and diurnal variability of columnar smoke aerosol optical depth from these fires. We quantitatively evaluate PM air quality from satellites and ground- based monitors, near and far away (>300 km) from fire source regions. We also show the changes in organic carbon concentrations (a tracer for smoke aerosols) before, during and after these fire events. Finally, we use fire locations and emissions retrieved and estimated from satellite observations as input to a regional mesoscale transport model to forecast the spatial distribution of aerosols and their impact on PM air quality. During the fire events, near the source regions, total column 550 nm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) exceeded 1.0 on several days and ground- based PM2.5 mass (particles less than 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) reached unhealthy levels (>65.5 ugm(-3)). Since the aerosols were reasonably well mixed in the first 1-2 km (as estimated from meteorology), the column AOT values derived from both geostationary and polar orbiting satellites and the surface PM2.5 were well correlated (linear correlation coefficient, r>0.7). Several hundred miles away from the fire sources, in Birmingham, AL, the impact of the fires were also seen through the high AOT's and PM2.5 values. Correspondingly, PM2.5 mass due to organic carbon obtained from ground-based monitors showed a three fold increase during fire events when compared to background values. Satellite data were especially useful in capturing PM2.5 air quality in areas where there were no ground- based monitors. Although the mesoscale transport model captured the timing and location of aerosols, when compared to observations, the simulated mass concentrations are underestimated by nearly 70% due to various reasons including uncertainties in fire emission estimates, lack of chemistry in the model, and assumptions on vertical distribution of aerosols. Satellite products such as AOT, fire locations, and emissions from space-borne sensors are becoming a vital tool for assessing extreme events such as fires, smoke, and particulate matter air quality. C1 [Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Gupta, Pawan; Nair, U.; Jones, Thomas A.; Wu, Yu-Ling] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha; Zhang, Xiaoyang] STAR, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hand, Jenny] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Christopher, SA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RI Gupta, Pawan/F-3624-2011; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 FU University of Alabama; Huntsville; NOAA air quality FX Manuscript received February 27, 2009; revised May 20, 2009. First published August 18, 2009; current version published October 28, 2009. This work was supported by the University of Alabama, Huntsville, NOAA air quality grants. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2009.2026626 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 515BN UT WOS:000271441400003 ER PT J AU Bollinger, T McGowan, C AF Bollinger, Terry McGowan, Clement TI A Critical Look at Software Capability Evaluations: An Update SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article C1 [Bollinger, Terry] MITRE, Bedford, MA USA. [McGowan, Clement] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, GOES R Geostat Operat Environm Satellite R Series, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ground Segment Project, Washington, DC USA. RP Bollinger, T (reprint author), MITRE, Bedford, MA USA. EM terry.bollinger.ctr@osd.mil; mcgowan@noblis.org NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 26 IS 5 BP 80 EP 83 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 483YB UT WOS:000269008200021 ER PT J AU Rong, B Qian, Y Guiagoussou, MH Kadoch, M AF Rong, Bo Qian, Yi Guiagoussou, Mahamat H. Kadoch, Michel TI Improving Delay and Jitter Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks for Mobile IPTV Services SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING LA English DT Article DE Delay; jitter; media access control; mobile IPTV; packet scheduling; quality-of-service; wireless mesh network ID CHANNEL ACCESS SCHEME; ATM NETWORKS; TRANSMISSION; ALGORITHM; PRIORITY; DELIVERY; SUPPORT; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; TIME AB Wireless mesh networking has recently emerged as a promising technology for the next-generation wireless networks. In wireless mesh networks (WMNs), it is practically attractive to support the low-cost quality-of-service (QoS) guaranteed mobile TV service. To meet this need, our study addresses how to improve the delay and jitter performance of mobile IPTV services over IEEE 802.11 based WMN. Particularly, we first discuss the adaptation of IEEE 802.11 MAC layer to construct a WMN with emphasis on mobile IPTV service; we then develop an enhanced version of Guaranteed-Rate (GR) packet scheduling algorithm, namely virtual reserved rate GR (VRR-GR), to further reduce the delay and suppress the jitter in multiservice network environment. Simulation results show that our proposed approach can satisfyingly prioritize mobile IPTV services in WMN, while providing non-IPTV services with what they need as well. C1 [Rong, Bo] Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. [Qian, Yi] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guiagoussou, Mahamat H.] Sun Microsyst Inc, Mobile Wireless Content Delivery Platform, Montreal, PQ H3A 3J6, Canada. [Kadoch, Michel] Univ Quebec, Dept Elect Engn, Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ H3C 1K3, Canada. RP Rong, B (reprint author), Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. EM bo.rong@ieee.org; yqian@nist.gov; mahamat.guiagoussou@sun.com; michel.kadoch@etsmtl.ca OI Kadoch, Michel/0000-0002-7558-1589 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9316 J9 IEEE T BROADCAST JI IEEE Trans. Broadcast. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 55 IS 3 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1109/TBC.2009.2027739 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 487CQ UT WOS:000269248600011 ER PT J AU Qiu, SJ Chu, HL Zhang, J Zhang, Y Sun, LX Xu, F Sun, DL Ouyang, LZ Zhu, M Grolier, JPE Frenkel, M AF Qiu, Shu-Jun Chu, Hai-Liang Zhang, Jian Zhang, Yao Sun, Li-Xian Xu, Fen Sun, Da-Lin Ouyang, Liu-Zhang Zhu, Min Grolier, J. -P. E. Frenkel, Michael TI Effect of La partial substitution for Zr on the Structural and electrochemical properties of Ti0.17Zr0.08-xLaxV0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3 (x=0-0.04) electrode alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage alloy; Alloy electrode; Activation property; Electrochemical kinetics ID HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS; METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; ALKALINE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; NETWORK STRUCTURE; SURFACE-TREATMENT; TI; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCES; COMPOSITES AB In order to elucidate the effects of metallic La addition on the performance of Ti-V-based hydrogen storage alloys as negative electrodes for nickel/metal-hydrides batteries, Ti0.17Zr0.08-xLaxV0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) alloys were prepared and their structural and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results showed that these alloys were mainly consisted of C14 Laves phase with a hexagonal structure, V-based solid solution phase with BCC structure and C15 Laves phase with a cubic structure. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the maximum discharge capacities of the alloy electrodes decreased from 337.3 mAh/g (x = 0) to 262.5 mAh/g (x = 0.04) and that the substitution of Zr with metallic La in the alloys had no obvious effect on the capacity retention rate (C-100/C-max, C-200/C-max). The high-rate dischargeability (HRD) of the alloy electrodes at the discharge current density of 800 mA/g first increased from 69.01% (x = 0) to 71.13% (x = 0.01) and then decreased to 65.35% (x = 0.04). In brief, the HRD was improved with an optimum La content in the alloy (x = 0.01). The electrochemical hydrogen kinetics of the alloy electrodes was further studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization, anodic polarization and potential-step measurements. The charge-transfer reaction resistance R-ct decreased for x = 0.01 with respect to x = 0 and then increased with the increase of x, while exchange current density I-o, limiting current density I-L and hydrogen diffusion coefficient D were all increased for x = 0.01 with respect to x = 0 and then decreased with the increase of x. The optimal content of La in Ti0.17Zr0.08-xLaxV0.35Cr0.1Ni0.3 alloys for negative electrodes in alkaline rechargeable secondary batteries is x = 0.01 in this study. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qiu, Shu-Jun; Chu, Hai-Liang; Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Yao; Sun, Li-Xian] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Mat & Thermochem Lab, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Xu, Fen] Liaoning Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Dalian 116029, Peoples R China. [Sun, Da-Lin] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Liu-Zhang; Zhu, Min] S China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Grolier, J. -P. E.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Thermodynam Solut & Polymers, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div 838, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sun, LX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Mat & Thermochem Lab, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM lxsun@dicp.ac.cn; fenxu@dicp.ac.cn RI Chu, Hailiang/G-5393-2010; Qiu, Shujun/I-4630-2012; Ouyang, Liuzhang/K-8371-2012 OI Chu, Hailiang/0000-0003-3157-0957; Ouyang, Liuzhang/0000-0002-2754-4011 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [2083309, 20873148, 50671098, U0734005]; National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China [2007AA05Z115, 2007AA05Z102]; IUPAC [2008-006-3-100] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2083309, 20873148, 50671098 and U0734005) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (2007AA05Z115 and 2007AA05Z102) as well as IUPAC (Project No. 2008-006-3-100). NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 17 SI SI BP 7246 EP 7252 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.066 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 498TI UT WOS:000270165800013 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Levine, LE Chaka, AM AF Tavazza, Francesca Levine, Lyle E. Chaka, Anne M. TI A HYBRID, QUANTUM-CLASSICAL APPROACH FOR THE COMPUTATION OF DISLOCATION PROPERTIES IN REAL MATERIALS: METHOD, LIMITATIONS AND APPLICATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States-Japan Bilateral Seminar on Simulations of Complex Behavior from Simple Models CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Maui, HI SP Natl Sci Fdn DE Hybrid methods; DFT; EAM; classical potential; aluminum; dislocation; vacancy; multiscale calculations ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; BCC MO; SIMULATION; ALUMINUM; IMPURITIES; MOLECULES; MODEL; BULK; TA AB In this work we introduce a hybrid ab initio-classical simulation methodology designed to incorporate the chemistry into the description of phenomena that, intrinsically, require very large systems to be properly described. This hybrid approach allows us to conduct large-scale atomistic simulations with a simple classical potential (embedded atom method (EAM), for instance) while simultaneously using a more accurate ab initio approach for critical embedded regions. The coupling is made through shared atomic shells where the two atomistic modeling approaches are relaxed in an iterative, self-consistent manner. The magnitude of the incompatibility forces arising in the shared shell is analyzed, and possible terminations for the embedded region are discussed, as a way to reduce such forces. As a test case, the formation energy of a single vacancy in aluminum at different distances from an edge dislocation is studied. Results obtained using the hybrid approach are compared to those obtained using classical methods alone, and the range of validity for the classical approach is evaluated. C1 [Tavazza, Francesca; Levine, Lyle E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ftavazza@nist.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 EI 1793-6586 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1399 EP 1409 DI 10.1142/S0129183109014461 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 505KG UT WOS:000270691700010 ER PT J AU Abdulagatova, Z Abdulagatov, IM Emirov, VN AF Abdulagatova, Z. Abdulagatov, I. M. Emirov, V. N. TI Effect of temperature and pressure on the thermal conductivity of sandstone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Equation of state; Microstructure; Heat transfer; High pressure; Porous rocks; Thermal conductivity; Transport processes; Sandstone ID TERRESTRIAL HEAT-FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; 10 KILOBARS; FLUID; DEPENDENCE; MINERALS; VELOCITY AB Effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of dry sand stone was measured over a temperature range from 275 to 523 K and at pressures up to 400 MPa with a guarded parallel-plate apparatus. The estimated uncertainty of the ETC measurements is 2%. The porosity of the sample was 13%. A rapid increase of ETC was found for dry sandstone at low pressures between 0.1 and 100 MPa along various isotherms. At high-pressure range (P>100 MPa) a weak linear dependence of the ETC with pressure was observed. The pressure effect is negligibly small after first 80-100 MPa where bridging of microcracks or improvement of grain contact stakes place. We interpreted the measured ETC data using a various theoretical and semi-empirical models in order to check their accuracy and predictive capability. The effect of structure (size, shape, and distribution of the pores), porosity, and mineralogical composition on temperature and pressure dependences of the ETC of sandstone was discussed. To estimate the effect of temperature and pressure on the ETC of sandstone the pressure, beta(P), and temperature, beta(T), coefficients of ETC were calculated from the measured values of ETC. The measured values of the ETC were also used to calculate the values of the isothermal compressibility, chi(T), and thermal expansion coefficient, alpha. The equation of state of sandstone was developed using the measured ETC data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatova, Z.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Emirov, V. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 158 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 EI 1873-4545 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1055 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.04.011 PG 17 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 468ZA UT WOS:000267862400011 ER PT J AU Feng, Q Yang, P Kattawar, GW Hsu, CN Tsay, SC Laszlo, I AF Feng, Qian Yang, Ping Kattawar, George W. Hsu, Christina N. Tsay, Si-Chee Laszlo, Istvan TI Effects of particle nonsphericity and radiation polarization on retrieving dust properties from MODIS observations SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dust aerosols; Nonspherical; Phase matrix; Retrieval ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MINERAL DUST; ABSORPTION; SPHEROIDS; SHAPE; SIZE; CLIMATOLOGY; SIMULATIONS AB The scattering and radiative properties of mineral dust aerosols at violet-to-blue (0.412, 0.441, and 0.470 mu m) and red (0.650 mu m) wavelengths are investigated. To account for the effect of particle nonsphericity on the optical properties of dust aerosols, in the present study, these particles are assumed to be spheroids. A combination of the T-matrix method and an improved geometric optics method is applied to the computation of the single-scattering properties of spheroidal particles with size parameters ranging from the Rayleigh to geometric optics regimes. For comparison, the Lorenz-Mie theory is employed to compute the optical properties of spherical dust particles that have the same volumes as their nonspherical counterparts. The differences between the phase functions of spheroidal and spherical particles lead to quite different lookup tables involved in retrieving dust aerosol properties. Moreover, the applicability of a hybrid approach based on the spheroid model for the phase function and the sphere model for the other phase matrix elements is also demonstrated. The present sensitivity study, employing the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements and the fundamental principle of the Deep Blue algorithm, illustrates that neglecting the nonsphericity of dust particles usually leads to an underestimate of retrieved aerosol optical depth; although, depending on the scattering angle, an overestimate is noted in some cases. Furthermore, the effect of including full polarization treatment in forward radiative transfer simulation on dust property retrieval is also investigated. It is found that the effect of radiation polarization on the Deep Blue dust property retrieval is not negligible if the retrieval is based on two violet-blue channels centered at 0.412 and 0.470 mu m. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hsu, Christina N.; Tsay, Si-Chee] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; FU NASA's Radiation Sciences Program [NNX08AP29G]; NOAA [DG1 33EO8CN0231]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Physical & Dynamic Meteorology Program [ATM-0803779]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0069] FX The authors thank Ms. Mary Gammon for editing the manuscript and Dr.J.F. De Haan for using his vector adding/doubling code. This research is supported by a grant (NNX08AP29G) from NASA's Radiation Sciences Program managed by Dr. Hal Maring and a NOAA grant (DG1 33EO8CN0231), and partly supported by a NOAA grant (DG1 33EO8CN0231). The effort on the single-scattering computation involved in this project is partly supported by a grant (ATM-0803779) from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Physical & Dynamic Meteorology Program managed by Dr. Bradley Smull. George W. Kattawar's research is also supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-06-1-0069. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 40 IS 9 BP 776 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.05.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 497WW UT WOS:000270096200005 ER PT J AU Rapp, AD Lebsock, M Kummerow, C AF Rapp, Anita D. Lebsock, M. Kummerow, C. TI On the Consequences of Resampling Microwave Radiometer Observations for Use in Retrieval Algorithms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT; BEAM-FILLING ERROR; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RAIN; INVERSION; FIELD; MODEL; VIEW AB How to deal with the different spatial resolutions of multifrequency satellite microwave radiometer measurements is a common problem in retrievals of cloud properties and rainfall. Data convolution and deconvolution is a common approach to resampling the measurements to a single resolution. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements are resampled to the resolution of the 19-GHz field of view for use in a multifrequency optimal estimation retrieval algorithm of cloud liquid water path, total precipitable water, and wind speed. Resampling the TMI measurements is found to have a strong influence on retrievals of cloud liquid water path and a slight influence on wind speed. Beam-filling effects in the resampled brightness temperatures are shown to be responsible for the large differences between the retrievals using the TMI native resolution and resampled brightness temperatures. Synthetic retrievals are performed to test the sensitivity of the retrieved parameters to beam-filling effects in the resampling of each of the different channels. Beam-filling effects due to the convolution of the 85-GHz channels are shown to be the largest contributor to differences in retrieved cloud liquid water path. Differences in retrieved wind speeds are found to be a combination of effects from deconvolving the 10-GHz brightness temperatures and compensation effects due to the lower liquid water path being retrieved by the high-frequency channels. The influence of beam-filling effects on daily and monthly averages of cloud liquid water path is also explored. Results show that space-time averaging of cloud liquid water path cannot fully compensate for the beam-filling effects and should be considered when using cloud liquid water path data for validation or in climate studies. C1 [Rapp, Anita D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rapp, Anita D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lebsock, M.; Kummerow, C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rapp, AD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM anita.d.rapp@noaa.gov RI Rapp, Anita/G-8845-2012 FU NASA Earth System Science Fellowship [NNG05GP53H]; NASA [NNX07AD75G] FX This research was supported by NASA Earth System Science Fellowship NNG05GP53H and NASA Grant NNX07AD75G. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1981 EP 1993 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2155.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496WA UT WOS:000270009300020 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Salvat, F Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A. Salvat, F. Powell, C. J. TI Practical formulas for inner-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact: Applications in quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aluminium; Auger electron spectra; copper; electron backscattering; gold; inner-shell ionisation; silicon; silver ID MEAN FREE PATHS; EXCITATION DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; PEAK SHAPE-ANALYSIS; K-SHELL; BACKSCATTERING FACTOR; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ELEMENTAL SOLIDS; AES; SURFACES; RANGE AB We evaluated analytical formulas for the inner-shell ionization cross section from three sources in calculations of the backscattering factor (BF) for quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy: the Gryzinski expression from classical atomic physics, the Casnati [J. Phys. B 15, 155 (1982)] formula from fits to measured K-shell cross sections, and two expressions from Bote [At. Data Nucl. Data Tables (unpublished)] from fits to improved calculations of ionization cross sections by Bote and Salvat [Phys. Rev. A 77, 042701 (2008)]. BFs were calculated for five illustrative Auger transitions (Al KL(23)L(23), Si KL(23)L(23), Cu L(3)M(45)M(45), Ag M(4)N(45)N(45), and Au M(5)N(67)N(67) in the respective elemental solids) for primary energies from the threshold for ionization to 30 keV. Differences between BFs calculated from the expressions of Bote and those from the expressions of Casnati were less than 2%, while the differences between BFs from the expressions of Bote and those from the Gryzinski expression were less than 5.4%. BFs from the expressions of Bote were also compared with BFs from a widely used formula of Shimizu with differences between 7% and 15% at 30 keV. The Shimizu [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 22, 1631 (1983)] formula was derived for primary energies from 3 to 10 keV but is widely employed in quantitative Auger applications for higher energies. The differences between BFs from the expressions of Bote and the Shimizu formula arise from the improved models and data now available. C1 [Jablonski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Salvat, F.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Salvat, F.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ul Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Salvat, Francesc/F-8255-2016 OI Salvat, Francesc/0000-0002-6162-8841 NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 5 AR 053706 DI 10.1063/1.3195046 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 494WN UT WOS:000269850300056 ER PT J AU Stine, CB Jacobs, JM Rhodes, MR Overton, A Fast, M Baya, AM AF Stine, Cynthia B. Jacobs, John M. Rhodes, Matt R. Overton, Anthony Fast, Mark Baya, Ana M. TI Expanded Range and New Host Species of Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; STRIPED BASS; SP-NOV.; FISH; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS AB Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are recently described mycobacteria commonly isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis. However, their distribution in striped bass outside of the Chesapeake region and their ability to infect alternative hosts have not been described. Mycobacteria identified as M. shottsii (based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis and multigene sequencing) were isolated from striped bass collected in Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, and white perch Morone americana in the Rhode River, Maryland, and detected in striped bass from the New York Bight off Long Island, New York. Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii were isolated from white perch in the Rhode and Corsica rivers, Maryland, and detected in striped bass in the New York Bight. This work demonstrates that these mycobacteria can be found outside of the Chesapeake Bay as well as in hosts other than striped bass. C1 [Stine, Cynthia B.; Baya, Ana M.] Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jacobs, John M.; Rhodes, Matt R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD USA. [Overton, Anthony] E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC USA. [Fast, Mark] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Stine, CB (reprint author), US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. EM cynthia.stine@fda.hhs.gov RI Stine, Cynthia/F-1040-2011 FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; National Ocean Service Cooperative Oxford Laboratory; NY [MOU AMOU 177]; Maryland Sea Grant FX The authors thank Eric Diaddorio, Jim Saupe, and Ken Riley (East Carolina University) for collection assistance; Mark Sokolowski and Mike Taddeo (School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences-Stony Brook) for assistance in field collections and histology processing; Jennifer O'Dwyer, Julia Socrates, Todd Abenante, and Michael Bernstein (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation [NYS DEC]) for collections and aging work; the University of Maryland Center of Marine Biotechnology Bio-Analytical Services Laboratory for sequencing isolates; Mamuka Kotetishvili for tree assistance; and the University of North Carolina Coastal Studies Institute Laboratory in Manteo, North Carolina, for providing work-up facilities. Protocols were approved by the Institutional Care and Use Committee of Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. Portions of this study were supported by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service Cooperative Oxford Laboratory and by the NY under MOU AMOU 177 (2007-2009). Support for C.S. was also provided by Program Development Funds from Maryland Sea Grant. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1577/H09-005.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 524ND UT WOS:000272149100008 PM 20043404 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Cao, CY Goldberg, M AF Wang, Likun Cao, Changyong Goldberg, Mitch TI Intercalibration of GOES-11 and GOES-12 Water Vapor Channels with MetOp IASI Hyperspectral Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES; CALIBRATION ASSESSMENT; GEOSTATIONARY; HUMIDITY; RADIANCE; AIRS; HIRS; ASSIMILATION; SOUNDERS; IMAGERS AB The calibrated radiances from geostationary water vapor channels play an important role for weather forecasting, data assimilation, and climate studies. Therefore, better understanding the data quality for radiance measurements and independently assessing their onboard calibrations become increasingly more important. In this study, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) hyperspectral measurements on the polar-orbiting Meteorological Operation-A (MetOp-A) satellite are used to assess the calibration accuracy of water vapor channels on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-11 (GOES-11) and GOES-12 imagers with one year of data. The near-simultaneous nadir observations with homogeneous scenes from IASI and GOES imagers are spatially collocated. The IASI spectra are convolved with the GOES imager spectral response functions (SRFs) to compare with GOES imager observations. Assuming that IASI is well calibrated and can be used as an on-orbit radiometric reference standard, then the GOES imager water vapor channels have an overall relative calibration bias to IASI of better than 0.3 K (with a standard deviation of; 0.2 K) at the brightness temperature (BT) range of 240-260 K, which meets the design specification (1.0-K calibration accuracy for infrared channels). This study further demonstrates the technique of using hyperspectral radiance measurements in a polar-orbiting satellite to accurately assess broadband radiometer calibration of the GOES imager, which also provides an effective way for monitoring sensor performance over time. In addition, the potential of using the intercalibration results to integrate and merge data from different observing systems involving both IASI and different GOES imagers to create consistent, seamless global products is explored. The method presented here can potentially be applied to other instruments on both polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites for generating long-term time series. C1 [Wang, Likun] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [Cao, Changyong; Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 810, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM likun.wang@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 FU NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX The authors wish to thank Drs. Quanhua Liu and Jerry Sullivan for their critical review and judicious comments. We also would like to thank Xianqian (Fred) Wu, William Smith, Michael Weinreb, Fangfang Yu, and Yaping Li for helpful discussion and advice for data processing. Dr. Yong Chen provided the CRTM, IASI, and AIRS spectra. This work is partially funded by the NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and the GOES-R program office. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a state-ment of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1843 EP 1855 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1233.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 497WY UT WOS:000270096400009 ER PT J AU Teshiba, MS Chilson, PB Ryzhkov, AV Schuur, TJ Palmer, RD AF Teshiba, Michihiro S. Chilson, Phillip B. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Schuur, Terry J. Palmer, Robert D. TI A Combined Wind Profiler and Polarimetric Weather Radar Method for the Investigation of Precipitation and Vertical Velocities SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; DUAL-DOPPLER ANALYSIS; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVALS; POLARIZATION EXPERIMENT; VIDEO DISDROMETER; TRANSITION ZONE; RAIN AB A method is presented by which combined S-band polarimetric weather radar and UHF wind profiler observations of precipitation can be used to extract the properties of liquid phase hydrometeors and the vertical velocity of the air through which they are falling. Doppler spectra, which contain the air motion and/or fall speed of hydrometeors, are estimated using the vertically pointing wind profiler. Complementary to these observations, spectra of rain drop size distribution (DSD) are simulated by several parameters as related to the DSD, which are estimated through the two polarimetric parameters of radar reflectivity (ZH) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) from the scanning weather radar. These DSDs are then mapped into equivalent Doppler spectra (fall speeds) using an assumed relationship between the equivolume drop diameter and the drop's terminal velocity. The method is applied to a set of observations collected on 11 March 2007 in central Oklahoma. In areas of stratiform precipitation, where the vertical wind motion is expected to be small, it was found that the fall speeds obtained from the spectra of the rain DSD agree well with those of the Doppler velocity estimated with the profiler. For those cases when the shapes of the Doppler spectra are found to be similar in shape but shifted in velocity, the velocity offset is attributed to vertical air motion. In convective rainfall, the Doppler spectra of the rain DSD and the Doppler velocity can exhibit significant differences owing to vertical air motions together with atmospheric turbulence. Overall, it was found that the height dependencies of Doppler spectra measured by the profiler combined with vertical profiles of Z, ZDR, and the cross correlation (rho(HV)) as well as the estimated spectra of raindrop physical terminal fall speeds from the polarimetric radar provide unique insight into the microphysics of precipitation. Vertical air motions (updrafts/downdrafts) can be estimated using such combined measurements. C1 [Teshiba, Michihiro S.; Chilson, Phillip B.; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Teshiba, Michihiro S.; Chilson, Phillip B.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Schuur, Terry J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Schuur, Terry J.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Teshiba, MS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM teshiba@arrc.ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; NOAA/University of Oklahoma Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for Alexander Ryzhkov and Terry Schuur was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1940 EP 1955 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1102.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 497WY UT WOS:000270096400015 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Liang, XM Han, Y van Delst, P Chen, Y Ignatov, A Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Liang, Xingming Han, Yong van Delst, Paul Chen, Yong Ignatov, Alexander Weng, Fuzhong TI Effect of Out-of-Band Response in NOAA-16 AVHRR Channel 3b on Top-of-Atmosphere Radiances Calculated with the Community Radiative Transfer Model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION AB The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) developed at the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) is used in conjunction with a daily sea surface temperature (SST) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) atmospheric data and surface wind to calculate clear-sky top-of-atmosphere (TOA) brightness temperatures (BTs) in three Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal infrared channels over global oceans. CRTM calculations are routinely performed by the sea surface temperature team for four AVHRR instruments on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites NOAA-16, NOAA-17, and NOAA-18 and the Meteorological Operation (MetOp) satellite MetOp-A, and they are compared with clear-sky TOA BTs produced by the operational AVHRR Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO). It was observed that the model minus observation (M-O) bias in the NOAA-16 AVHRR channel 3b (Ch3b) centered at 3.7 mm experienced a discontinuity of similar to 0.3K when a new CRTM version 1.1 (v. 1.1) was implemented in ACSPO processing in September 2008. No anomalies occurred in any other AVHRR channel or for any other platform. This study shows that this discontinuity is caused by the out-of-band response in NOAA-16 AVHRR Ch3b and by using a single layer to the NCEP GFS temperature profiles above 10 hPa for the alpha version of CRTM. The problem has been solved in CRTM v. 1.1, which uses one of the six standard atmospheres to fill in the missing data above the top pressure level in the input NCEP GFS data. It is found that, because of the out-of-band response, the NOAA-16 AVHRR Ch3b has sensitivity to atmospheric temperature at high altitudes. This analysis also helped to resolve another anomaly in the absorption bands of the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor, whose radiances and Jacobians were affected to a much greater extent by this CRTM inconsistency. C1 [Liu, Quanhua; Han, Yong; van Delst, Paul; Chen, Yong] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] Perot Govt Syst, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liang, Xingming; Han, Yong; Ignatov, Alexander; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liang, Xingming; Chen, Yong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014; Chen, Yong/E-4321-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509; Chen, Yong/0000-0002-0279-9405; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1968 EP 1972 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1259.1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 497WY UT WOS:000270096400017 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M AF Frenkel, Michael TI Global Information Systems in Science: Application to the Field of Thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; XML-BASED APPROACH; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; AIDED AROMA DESIGN; PLUS WATER; SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION; LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM; DATA COMPILATIONS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; STORAGE AB Global Information Systems can be defined as information systems designed to collect, process, integrate, evaluate, and Communicate the entire "body of knowledge" pertaining to a field and to support any application requiring this knowledge in an "on-demand" mode with definitive information quality assessments. Recent advances in computer hardware technology, development of relational data management systems capable of reliably supporting storage of enormous amounts of information pertaining to specific areas of science, new interoperable means of standardizing data communications based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) ontologies, new generation software expert systems, and secure online networks have created unprecedented opportunities for defining and implementing a new paradigm of Global Information Systems in Science. Global Information Systems have a profound impact on the scientific discovery process, industrial development, and knowledge communication. Within the last 10 years, one of the first Global Information Systems in Science has been developed for the field of Thermodynamics (ThermoGlobe) at the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), The components of this system include software tools for mass-scale data capture (Guided Data Capture Software), a comprehensive data storage facility (SOURCE Data Archival System), the NIST/TRC Data Entry Facility, a data communication standard (ThermoML - IUPAC standard for thermodynamic data communications), data "reader" software (ThermoML opener into Microsoft Excel), expert system software (NIST ThermoData Engine), and a Web communication portal (NIST Web-Oracle data dissemination channel). The role and principle structure of all the components are discussed in this article, with emphasis on the profound impact of the ThermoGlobe implementation on various areas of research and engineering including, but not limited to, efficiency of information delivery, journal publication quality. and chemical process design. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2411 EP 2428 DI 10.1021/je800877f PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 492YS UT WOS:000269699600012 ER PT J AU Perkins, RA Magee, JW AF Perkins, Richard A. Magee, Joseph W. TI Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume for Isobutane at Temperatures from (114 to 345) K and at Pressures to 35 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID N-BUTANE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; COMPRESSED LIQUID; PROPANE; CSIGMA; CV AB Molar heat capacities at constant volume (C(V)) were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter for pure isobutane. The high purity of the samples was verified by chemical analysis. Temperatures ranged from the triple point of isobutane near 114 K to the upper temperature limit of the calorimeter at 345 K, whereas pressures ranged up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on liquid in equilibrium with its vapor and on compressed liquid samples along isochores. Heat capacity results are reported for two-phase (C(V)((2))), saturated liquid (C(sigma)), and single-phase (C(V)) isochores. Vapor pressure data are reported that are based on measurements of C(V)((2)) along a two-phase isochore. Measurements were also made to determine the triple-point temperature of (113.707 +/- 0.030) K and enthalpy of fusion of (4494 +/- 20) J.mol(-1) for isobutane near its triple point. The principal sources of uncertainty are the temperature rise measurement and the change-of-volume work adjustment. The expanded uncertainty (i.e., a coverage factor k = 2 and thus a two-standard deviation estimate) for values of C(V)((2)) is estimated to be 0.5%, for C(sigma) it is 0.7 and for C(sigma) it is 0.7%. C1 [Perkins, Richard A.; Magee, Joseph W.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Magee, JW (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joe.magee@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 2646 EP 2655 DI 10.1021/je9001575 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 492YS UT WOS:000269699600042 ER PT J AU Day, JW Cable, JE Cowan, JH DeLaune, R de Mutsert, K Fry, B Mashriqui, H Justic, D Kemp, P Lane, RR Rick, J Rick, S Rozas, LP Snedden, G Swenson, E Twilley, RR Wisser, B AF Day, J. W. Cable, J. E. Cowan, J. H., Jr. DeLaune, R. de Mutsert, K. Fry, B. Mashriqui, H. Justic, D. Kemp, P. Lane, R. R. Rick, J. Rick, S. Rozas, L. P. Snedden, G. Swenson, E. Twilley, R. R. Wisser, B. TI The Impacts of Pulsed Reintroduction of River Water on a Mississippi Delta Coastal Basin SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB During the twentieth century about 25% of the wetlands of the Mississippi delta was lost, partially a result of isolation of the river from the delta. River diversions are being implemented to reintroduce river water to the delta plain. We synthesize here the results of extensive studies on a river diversion at Caernarvon. Louisiana, one of the largest diversions in the delta. C1 [Day, J. W.; Cable, J. E.; Cowan, J. H., Jr.; DeLaune, R.; de Mutsert, K.; Fry, B.; Justic, D.; Lane, R. R.; Snedden, G.; Swenson, E.; Twilley, R. R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mashriqui, H.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kemp, P.] Natl Audubon Soc, Baton Rouge, LA 70708 USA. [Rick, J.] AquaEeology, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany. [Rick, S.] Metrohm Int Headquarters, CH-9109 Herisau, Switzerland. [Rozas, L. P.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SEFSC Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Wisser, B.] Univ Regina, Dept Biol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Day, JW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water and Watersheds Program [R828009]; USDA CREES [2002-00561]; Louisiana Department of Natural Resources [2503-01-27]; Caernarvon Interagency Advisory Committee of stakeholders; Delacroix Corporation FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of Dr. Shea Penland who worked tirelessly to understand coastal processes and in advocating for restoring coastal wetlands and barrier islands in Louisiana. This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water and Watersheds Program (#R828009), the USDA CREES (#2002-00561), and the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources (#2503-01-27). We thank the Caernarvon Interagency Advisory Committee of stakeholders and Delacroix Corporation for their cooperation and support. We also thank the many unheralded students and colleagues who spent time in the field or laboratory throughout these studies. The suggestions of two anonymous reviewers improved the original manuscript. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 105 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 10 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 SI 54 BP 225 EP + DI 10.2112/SI54-015.1 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V39ZD UT WOS:000209448000021 ER PT J AU Hill, CR Butler, JM Vallone, PM AF Hill, Carolyn R. Butler, John M. Vallone, Peter M. TI A 26plex Autosomal STR Assay to Aid Human Identity Testing*(dagger) SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; short tandem repeat; DNA; miniSTR; multiplex; polymerase chain reaction; D1GATA113; D1S1627; D1S1677; D2S441; D2S1776; D3S3053; D3S4529; D4S2364; D4S2408; D5S2500; D6S474; D6S1017; D8S1115; D9S1122; D9S2157; D10S1248; D10S1435; D11S4463; D12ATA63; D14S1434; D17S974; D17S1301; D18S853; D20S482; D20S1082; D22S1045 ID DEGRADED DNA; MINISTR LOCI; MULTIPLEX; PARENTAGE; TOOLS AB A short tandem repeat multiplex assay has been successfully developed with 25 autosomal loci plus the sex-typing locus amelogenin for a total of 26 amplified products in a single reaction. Primers for the loci were designed so that all of the amplicons present were distributed from 65 base pairs (bp) to less than 400 bp within a five-dye chemistry design with the fifth dye reserved for the sizing standard. A multiplex design strategy was developed to overcome challenges encountered in creating this assay. The limits of the multiplex were tested, resulting in the successful amplification of a wide range of genomic DNA sample concentrations from 2 ng to as low as 100 pg with 30 cycles of PCR. The 26plex has the potential to benefit the forensic community for reference sample testing and complex relationship evaluation. C1 [Hill, Carolyn R.; Butler, John M.; Vallone, Peter M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM becky.hill@nist.gov RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 FU National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2003-IJ-R-029] FX National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded the work described here through interagency agreement 2003-IJ-R-029 to the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1008 EP 1015 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01110.x PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 490KZ UT WOS:000269501100005 PM 19627417 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Hayes, SA Bond, MH Hanson, CV Anderson, EC Macfarlane, RB Garza, JC AF Pearse, Devon E. Hayes, Sean A. Bond, Morgan H. Hanson, Chad V. Anderson, Eric C. Macfarlane, R. Bruce Garza, John Carlos TI Over the Falls? Rapid Evolution of Ecotypic Differentiation in Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE genetics; adaptation; genetics; life history; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID FRESH-WATER RESIDENT; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY AB Adaptation to novel habitats and phenotypic plasticity can be counteracting forces in evolution, but both are key characteristics of the life history of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Anadromous steelhead reproduce in freshwater river systems and small coastal streams but grow and mature in the ocean. Resident rainbow trout, either sympatric with steelhead or isolated above barrier dams or waterfalls, represent an alternative life-history form that lives entirely in freshwater. We analyzed population genetic data from 1486 anadromous and resident O. mykiss from a small stream in coastal California with multiple barrier waterfalls. Based on data from 18 highly variable microsatellite loci (He = 0.68), we conclude that the resident population above one barrier, Big Creek Falls, is the result of a recent anthropogenic introduction from the anadromous population of O. mykiss below the falls. Furthermore, fish from this above-barrier population occasionally descend over the falls and have established a genetically differentiated below-barrier subpopulation at the base of the falls, which appears to remain reproductively isolated from their now-sympatric anadromous ancestors. These results support a hypothesis of rapid evolution of a purely resident life history in the above-barrier population in response to strong selection against downstream movement. C1 [Pearse, Devon E.; Hayes, Sean A.; Bond, Morgan H.; Hanson, Chad V.; Anderson, Eric C.; Macfarlane, R. Bruce; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Devon.Pearse@noaa.gov FU NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center; California Department of Fish and Game Fishery Restoration Grant Program FX NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the California Department of Fish and Game Fishery Restoration Grant Program. NR 70 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 5 BP 515 EP 525 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp040 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 486OO UT WOS:000269206800002 PM 19561050 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A Yampolsky, LY AF Stoltzfus, Arlin Yampolsky, Lev Y. TI Climbing Mount Probable: Mutation as a Cause of Nonrandomness in Evolution SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Review DE evolution; genomics; mutation bias; population genetics ID CODON USAGE; POPULATION-GENETICS; DNA-SEQUENCES; ADAPTATION; NUCLEOTIDE; PROTEINS; SUBSTITUTION; SELECTION; PRESSURE; PATTERNS AB The classic view of evolution as "shifting gene frequencies" in the Modern Synthesis literally means that evolution is the modulation of existing variation ("standing variation"), as opposed to a "new mutations" view of evolution as a 2-step process of mutational origin followed by acceptance-or-rejection (via selection and drift). The latter view has received renewed attention, yet its implications for evolutionary causation still are not widely understood. We review theoretical results showing that this conception of evolution allows for a role of mutation as a cause of nonrandomness, a role that could be important but has been misconceived and associated misleadingly with neutral evolution. Specifically, biases in the introduction of variation, including mutational biases, may impose predictable biases on evolution, with no necessary dependence on neutrality. As an example of how important such effects may be, we present a new analysis partitioning the variance in mean rates of amino acid replacement during human-chimpanzee divergence to components of codon mutation and amino acid exchangeability. The results indicate that mutational effects are not merely important but account for most of the variance explained. The challenge that such results pose for comparative genomics is to address mutational effects as a necessary part of any analysis of causal factors. To meet this challenge requires developing knowledge of mutation as a biological process, understanding how mutation imposes propensities on evolution, and applying methods of analysis that incorporate mutational effects. C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin; Yampolsky, Lev Y.] Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yampolsky, Lev Y.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM stoltzfu@umbi.umd.edu RI Stoltzfus, Arlin/D-8551-2011 OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 FU East Tennessee State University and Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology FX East Tennessee State University and Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (a research institute jointly supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute). NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 5 BP 637 EP 647 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp048 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 486OO UT WOS:000269206800015 PM 19625453 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, W Sharma, ALL Gomes, AM Gonzalez, JL Huang, Q Singleton, J AF Ratcliff, W., II Sharma, A. L. Lima Gomes, A. M. Gonzalez, J. L. Huang, Q. Singleton, J. TI The magnetic ground state of CaMn2Sb2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Antiferromagnet; Neutron diffraction; Intermetallic compounds AB We have determined the ground state of the layered compound CaMn2Sb2 which crystalizes in the CaAl2Si2 structure. We have performed specific heat and neutron powder diffraction measurements at different temperatures. The neutron powder diffraction results reveal that the system orders antiferromagnetically at 88 K which agrees with the specific heat measurements. The ground state magnetic structure is consistent with previous theoretical calculations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ratcliff, W., II; Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharma, A. L. Lima] RIKEN, Magnet Mat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Sharma, A. L. Lima] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Phys, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Gomes, A. M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gonzalez, J. L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Singleton, J.] NHFML Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87455 USA. RP Ratcliff, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.ratcliff@nist.gov FU CNPq; FAPERJ FX The authors thank Dr. S. Bobev and Dr. M. Massalami for supply the samples used in this study. A. M. G. and J. L. G. acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian agencies CNPq and FAPERJ. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 321 IS 17 BP 2612 EP 2616 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.03.054 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 450XX UT WOS:000266436400023 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Peltz, MA Winpigler, J AF Bentz, Dale P. Peltz, Max A. Winpigler, John TI Early-Age Properties of Cement-Based Materials. II: Influence of Water-to-Cement Ratio SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PASTES AB The influence of water-to-cement mass ratio (w/c) on early-age properties of cement-based materials is investigated using a variety of experimental techniques. Properties that are critical to the early-age performance of these materials are tested, including heat release, semiadiabatic temperature, setting time, autogenous deformation, and strength development. Measurements of these properties using a single cement are presented for four different w/c, ranging from 0.325-0.425. Some of the measured properties are observed to vary widely within this range of w/c ratios. The heat release and setting time behaviors of cement pastes are contrasted. While early-age heat release is relatively independent of w/c, the measured setting times vary by several hours between the four w/c investigated in this study, indicating the fundamental differences between a physical process such as setting and heat release, which is purely a quantification of chemical reaction. While decreasing w/c certainly increases compressive strength at equivalent ages, it also significantly increases autogenous shrinkage and may increase semiadiabatic temperature rise, both of which can increase the propensity for early-age cracking in cement-based materials. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Peltz, Max A.; Winpigler, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; max.peltz@nist.gov; john.winpigler@nist.gov NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 9 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:9(512) PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 484QO UT WOS:000269062100010 ER PT J AU Stan, G King, SW Cook, RF AF Stan, Gheorghe King, Sean W. Cook, Robert F. TI Elastic modulus of low-k dielectric thin films measured by load-dependent contact-resonance atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Correlated force and contact resonance versus displacement responses have been resolved using load-dependent contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine the elastic modulus of low-k dielectric thin films. The measurements consisted of recording simultaneously both the deflection and resonance frequency shift of an AFM cantilever probe as the probe was gradually brought in and out of contact. As the applied forces were restricted to the range of adhesive forces, low-k dielectric films of elastic modulus varying from GPa to hundreds of GPa were measurable in this investigation. Over this elastic modulus range, the reliability of load-dependent contact-resonance AFM measurements was confirmed by comparing these results with those from picosecond laser acoustic measurements. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [King, Sean W.] Intel Corp, Portland Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). FX Any mention of commercial products in this article is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 9 BP 2960 EP 2964 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0357 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 491NH UT WOS:000269585300028 ER PT J AU Lovas, FJ Plusquellic, DF Pate, BH Neill, JL Muckle, MT Remijan, AJ AF Lovas, F. J. Plusquellic, D. F. Pate, Brooks H. Neill, Justin L. Muckle, Matthew T. Remijan, Anthony J. TI Microwave spectrum of 1,2-propanediol SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Ab initio calculation; Dipole moment; Microwave spectrum; Propanediol; Rotational spectrum; Structure ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; BEAM; SPECTROMETER; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; SUGAR; OCS AB The microwave spectrum of the sugar alcohol 1,2-propanediol (CH(3)CHOHCH(2)OH) has been measured over the frequency range 6.5-25.0 GHz with several pulsed-beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometers. Seven conformers of 1,2-propanediol have been assigned and ab initio electronic structure calculations of the 10 lowest energy forms have been calculated. Stark effect measurements were carried out on several of the lowest energy conformers to provide accurate determinations of the dipole moment components and assist in conformer assignment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lovas, F. J.; Plusquellic, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lovas, F. J.; Pate, Brooks H.; Neill, Justin L.; Muckle, Matthew T.; Remijan, Anthony J.] Univ Virginia, Ctr Chem Universe, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Remijan, Anthony J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Lovas, FJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM francis.lovas@nist.gov FU NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation [0847919] FX This was supported by the NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation through Grant 0847919. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 257 IS 1 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.06.013 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 548CR UT WOS:000273937700011 ER PT J AU Wang, BQ Tchessalov, S Cicerone, MT Warne, NW Pikal, MJ AF Wang, Bingquan Tchessalov, Serguei Cicerone, Marcus T. Warne, Nicholas W. Pikal, Michael J. TI Impact of Sucrose Level on Storage Stability of Proteins in Freeze-Dried Solids: II. Correlation of Aggregation Rate with Protein Structure and Molecular Mobility SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE protein stability; aggregation; stabilizer; freeze-drying; lyophilization; glass dynamics; molecular mobility; fast dynamics; local motion; protein structure; specific interaction; protein-sugar interaction; water substitute; structural relaxation; free volume; protein stabilization; fusion protein; cytokine ID HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE PVT EXPERIMENTS; FREE-VOLUME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; LYOPHILIZED PROTEIN; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; RECONSTITUTION MEDIUM; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE AB The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of sucrose level on storage stability of dried proteins and thus better understand the mechanism of protein stabilization by disaccharides in lyophilized protein products. Five proteins were freeze dried with different amounts of sucrose, and protein aggregation was quantified using Size Exclusion Chromatography. Protein secondary structure was monitored by FTIR. The global mobility was studied using Thermal Activity Monitor (TAM), and fast local dynamics with a timescale of nanoseconds was characterized by neutron backscattering. The density of the protein formulations was measured with a gas pycnometer. The physical stability of the proteins increased monotonically with an increasing content of sucrose over the entire range of compositions studied. Both FTIR structure and structural relaxation time from TAM achieved maxima at about 1:1 mass ratio for most proteins studied. Therefore, protein stabilization by sugar cannot be completely explained by global dynamics and FTIR structure throughout the whole range of compositions. On the other hand, both the fast local mobility and free volume obtained from density decreased monotonically with an increased level of sucrose in the formulations, and thus the local dynamics and free volume correlate well with protein storage stability. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:3145-3166, 2009 C1 [Wang, Bingquan; Pikal, Michael J.] Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Tchessalov, Serguei; Warne, Nicholas W.] Wyeth Biopharma, Drug Prod Dev, Andover, MA 01080 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Michael.pikal@uconn.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR0454672] FX Authors would like to thank J. Fernandez, T. Crowley, R. Koval and C. Webb for assistance in HPLC analysis of protein samples. Also, we acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR0454672. NR 69 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 98 IS 9 BP 3145 EP 3166 DI 10.1002/jps.21622 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 491HK UT WOS:000269569200019 PM 19067392 ER PT J AU Wiese, WL Fuhr, JR AF Wiese, W. L. Fuhr, J. R. TI Accurate Atomic Transition Probabilities for Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE allowed and forbidden transitions; atomic transition probabilities; f values; helium; hydrogen; line strengths; lithium; oscillator strengths ID QUADRUPOLE OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RADIATIVE HYPERFINE TRANSITIONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; IONS; STATES; RATES; LIFETIMES; DIPOLE; ENERGY; 2P AB We have carried out a comprehensive tabulation of the atomic transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden lines of hydrogen, helium and lithium, including Li II, as well as the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium. Altogether, we tabulated about 3600 transitions and listed scaling relations for the hydrogenlike ions He II and Li III. The selected data are based on a critical evaluation of available literature sources and are all taken from recent advanced calculations. The tables are normally arranged in multiplets, and these are ordered in increasing excitation energies. For hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, the energy levels are degenerate, i.e., all energy levels of the same principal quantum number essentially coincide. Thus, the principal tables for these species are for the average transition probabilities of lines between different principal quantum numbers. (C) 2009 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [DOI:10.1063/1.3077727] C1 [Wiese, W. L.; Fuhr, J. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wiese, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fuhr@nist.gov FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences at the U. S. Department of Energy FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences at the U. S. Department of Energy. We feel very fortunate that we could make use of the comprehensive sets of He I data from G. Drake and D. Morton, the Li II material from G. Drake, and the relativistic hydrogen as well as hydrogen-isotope (D and T) data from J. Baker, and we want to express here our deep gratitude to them for their invaluable help. Without their assistance, this tabulation could not have been produced. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge many valuable discussions with Charlotte Froese Fischer. NR 51 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 565 EP 726 DI 10.1063/1.3077727 PG 162 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 497YT UT WOS:000270102100001 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, Karl K. TI Experimental Vibrational Zero-Point Energies: Diatomic Molecules (vol 36, pg 389, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 BP 749 EP 749 DI 10.1063/1.3167794 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 497YT UT WOS:000270102100003 ER PT J AU Leachman, JW Jacobsen, RT Penoncello, SG Lemmon, EW AF Leachman, J. W. Jacobsen, R. T. Penoncello, S. G. Lemmon, E. W. TI Fundamental Equations of State for Parahydrogen, Normal Hydrogen, and Orthohydrogen SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE density; equation of state; heat capacity; hydrogen; normal hydrogen; orthohydrogen; parahydrogen; thermodynamic properties; vapor pressure ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DEGREES K; COMPRESSIBILITY ISOTHERMS; EQUILIBRIUM HYDROGEN; 1000 ATMOSPHERES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOILING-POINT; GAS-MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE-RANGE AB If the potential for a boom in the global hydrogen economy is realized, there will be an increase in the need for accurate hydrogen thermodynamic property standards. Based on current and anticipated needs, new fundamental equations of state for parahydrogen, normal hydrogen, and orthohydrogen were developed to replace the existing property models. To accurately predict thermophysical properties near the critical region and in liquid states, the quantum law of corresponding states was applied to improve the normal hydrogen and orthohydrogen formulations in the absence of available experimental data. All three equations of state have the same maximum pressure of 2000 MPa and upper temperature limit of 1000 K. Uncertainty estimates in this paper can be considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2 for primary data sets. The uncertainty in density is 0.04% in the region between 250 and 450 K and at pressures up to 300 MPa. The uncertainties of vapor pressures and saturated liquid densities vary from 0.1% to 0.2%. Heat capacities are generally estimated to be accurate to within 1%, while speed-of-sound values are accurate to within 0.5% below 100 MPa. (C) 2009 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3160306] C1 [Lemmon, E. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leachman, J. W.; Penoncello, S. G.] Univ Idaho, CATS, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Jacobsen, R. T.] Idaho State Univ, Coll Engn, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.lemmon@nist.gov RI Leachman, Jacob/J-8798-2013 OI Leachman, Jacob/0000-0001-5437-8816 NR 96 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2009 VL 38 IS 3 DI 10.1063/1.3160306 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 497YT UT WOS:000270102100002 ER PT J AU Outcalt, SL Laesecke, A Brumback, KJ AF Outcalt, Stephanie L. Laesecke, Arno Brumback, Karin J. TI Thermophysical Properties Measurements of Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2 SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID VISCOSITY; FLUIDS AB The density, speed of sound, and viscosity of two rocket propellants (RP-1 and RP-2) have been measured. Densities were measured with two different instruments. Data at ambient atmospheric pressure were obtained with a rapid characterization instrument from 278.15 to 343.15 K that measured the speed of sound and density of the liquids in parallel. Adiabatic compressibilities; derived from that data are included here. Densities of the compressed liquids were measured in an automated apparatus from 270 to 470 K and pressures to 40 MPa. Viscosities of the two liquids were measured in an open gravitational capillary viscometer at ambient atmospheric pressure from 293.15 to 373.15 K. The measurement results are consistent with compositional differences between the two samples. Correlations have been developed to represent the measured properties within the estimated uncertainties of the experimental data and to allow physically meaningful extrapolations beyond the range of the measurements. C1 [Outcalt, Stephanie L.; Laesecke, Arno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brumback, Karin J.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Outcalt, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 838-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F1SBAA8022G001]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX Funding of this work by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR F1SBAA8022G001) is gratefully acknowledged. The program manager was Steve Hanna. Karin Brumback was supported by a National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF). NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1032 EP 1040 DI 10.2514/1.40543 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 494UV UT WOS:000269845200005 ER PT J AU Ding, SG Xie, Y Yang, P Weng, FZ Liu, QH Baum, B Hu, YX AF Ding, Shouguo Xie, Yu Yang, Ping Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua Baum, Bryan Hu, Yongxiang TI Estimates of radiation over clouds and dust aerosols: Optimized number of terms in phase function expansion SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Truncation of phase function; Radiative transfer; Aerosols; Clouds ID PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ICE CRYSTALS; ALGORITHMS AB The bulk-scattering properties of dust aerosols and clouds are computed for the community radiative transfer model (CRTM) that is a flagship effort of the joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). The delta-fit method is employed to truncate the forward peaks of the scattering phase functions and to compute the Legendre expansion coefficients for re-constructing the truncated phase function. Use of more terms in the expansion gives more accurate re-construction of the phase function, but the issue remains as to how many terms are necessary for different applications. To explore this issue further, the bidirectional reflectances associated with dust aerosols, water clouds, and ice clouds are simulated with various numbers of Legendre expansion terms. To have relative numerical errors smaller than 5%, the present analyses indicate that, in the visible spectrum, 16 Legendre polynomials should be used for dust aerosols, while 32 Legendre expansion terms should be used for both water and ice clouds. In the infrared spectrum, the brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere are computed by using the scattering properties of dust aerosols, water clouds and ice clouds. Although small differences of brightness temperatures compared with the counterparts computed with 4, 8,128 expansion terms are observed at large viewing angles for each layer, it is shown that 4 terms of Legendre polynomials are sufficient in the radiative transfer computation at infrared wavelengths for practical applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Shouguo; Xie, Yu; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Liu, Quanhua] NOAA NESDIS, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Baum, Bryan] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hu, Yongxiang] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu RI Xie, Yu/A-4266-2011; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Ding, Shouguo/F-2673-2012; Hu, Yongxiang/K-4426-2012 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; FU Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) [DG133E07SE3473/NEED2000-7-15205] FX This study is supported by the joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) under contract DG133E07SE3473/ NEED2000-7-15205. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 110 IS 13 BP 1190 EP 1198 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.03.032 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 467ER UT WOS:000267721200012 ER PT J AU Garberoglio, G Harvey, AH AF Garberoglio, Giovanni Harvey, Allan H. TI First-Principles Calculation of the Third Virial Coefficient of Helium SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; density; helium; metrology; path integral; thermodynamic properties; virial coefficients ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVE; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; HE-AR SYSTEM; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; DEGREES C; 700 ATM; QUANTUM THEORY; DILUTE HELIUM; ATOM PAIR; GAS AB Knowledge of the pair and three-body potential-energy surfaces of helium is now sufficient to allow calculation of the third density virial coefficient, C(T), with significantly smaller uncertainty than that of existing experimental data. In this work, we employ the best available pair and three-body potentials for helium and calculate C(T) with path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) calculations supplemented by semiclassical calculations. The values of C(T) presented extend from 24.5561 K to 10 000 K. In the important metrological range of temperatures near 273.16 K, our uncertainties are smaller than the best experimental results by approximately an order of magnitude, and the reduction in uncertainty at other temperatures is at least as great. For convenience in calculation of C(T) and its derivatives, a simple correlating equation is presented. C1 [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trent, CNISM, I-38100 Povo, TN, Italy. [Garberoglio, Giovanni] Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38100 Povo, TN, Italy. [Harvey, Allan H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garberoglio, G (reprint author), Univ Trent, CNISM, Via Sommarive 14, I-38100 Povo, TN, Italy. EM garberog@science.unitn.it; allan.harvey@nist.gov OI Garberoglio, Giovanni/0000-0002-9201-2716 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 114 IS 5 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.6028/jres.114.018 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 509CU UT WOS:000270991800001 PM 27504226 ER PT J AU Gillis, KA Lin, H Moldover, MR AF Gillis, K. A. Lin, H. Moldover, M. R. TI Perturbations From Ducts on the Modes of Acoustic Thermometers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic resonator; acoustic thermometry; Boltzmann constant; duct; perturbation; waveguide ID VISCOMETER; IMPEDANCE; MERCURY; GASES AB We examine the perturbations of the modes of an acoustic thermometer caused by circular ducts used either for gas flow or as acoustic waveguides coupled to remote transducers. We calculate the acoustic admittance of circular ducts using a model based on transmission line theory. The admittance is used to calculate the perturbations to the resonance frequencies and half-widths of the modes of spherical and cylindrical acoustic resonators as functions of the duct's radius, length, and the locations of the transducers along the duct's length. To verify the model, we measured the complex acoustic admittances of a series of circular tubes as a function of length between 200 Hz and 10 kHz using a three-port acoustic coupler. The absolute magnitude of the specific acoustic admittance is approximately one. For a 1.4 mm inside-diameter, 1.4 m long tube, the root mean square difference between the measured and modeled specific admittances (both real and imaginary parts) over this frequency range was 0.018. We conclude by presenting design considerations for ducts connected to acoustic thermometers. C1 [Gillis, K. A.; Lin, H.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillis, KA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keith.gillis@nist.gov; linhong@nim.ac.cn; michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 23 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 114 IS 5 BP 263 EP 285 DI 10.6028/jres.114.019 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 509CU UT WOS:000270991800002 PM 27504227 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Wang, CM Dowell, ML Hadler, JA AF Lehman, John H. Wang, C. M. Dowell, Marla L. Hadler, Joshua A. TI Uncertainty Calculation for Spectral-Responsivity Measurements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser; monochromator; optical fiber; optical power; spectral responsivity; uncertainty calculation ID FIDUCIAL APPROACH; INFERENCE AB This paper discusses a procedure for measuring the absolute spectral responsivity of optical-fiber power meters and computation of the calibration uncertainty. The procedure reconciles measurement results associated with a monochromator-based measurement system with those obtained with laser sources coupled with optical fiber. Relative expanded uncertainties based on the methods from the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement and from Supplement 1 to the "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement"-Propagation of Distributions using a Monte Carlo Method are derived and compared. An example is used to illustrate the procedures and calculation of uncertainties. C1 [Lehman, John H.; Wang, C. M.; Dowell, Marla L.; Hadler, Joshua A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.lehman@nist.gov; chih-ming.wang@nist.gov; marla.dowell@nist.gov; joshua.hadler@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 114 IS 5 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.6028/jres.114.020 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 509CU UT WOS:000270991800003 PM 27504228 ER PT J AU Markovic, M Takagi, S Chow, LC Frukhtbeyn, S AF Markovic, M. Takagi, S. Chow, L. C. Frukhtbeyn, S. TI Calcium Fluoride Precipitation and Deposition From 12 mmol/L Fluoride Solutions With Different Calcium Addition Rates SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium addition rate; calcium fluoride; fluoride deposition; fluoride solution; precipitation ID IN-VITRO; CARIES PREVENTION; 2-SOLUTION RINSE; ENAMEL LESIONS; PLAQUE FLUID; REMINERALIZATION; SALIVA; MOUTHRINSE; PHOSPHATE; KINETICS AB The effects of different Ca-addition rates fluoride (CaF2) precipitation and deposition were investigated in 12 mmol/L sodium fluoride solutions to which 0.1 mol/L calcium chloride solution was continuously added at average rates of (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 or 20) mmol L-1 min(-1). The changes in ionic fluoride and calcium concentrations, as well as turbidity, were continuously recorded by F and Ca electrodes, and a fiber optic based spectrophotometer, respectively. The F- concentration decreased and turbidity increased with time indicating precipitation of CaF2. For the systems with Ca-addition rates of (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 20) mmol L-1 min(-1), the 1 min CaF2 depositions in the model substrate ( cellulose filter paper, pores 0.2 mu m) expressed as mean +/- SD of deposited F per substrate surface area were (3.78 +/- 0.31, 11.45 +/- 0.89, 9.31 +/- 0.68, 8.20 +/- 0.56, 6.63 +/- 0.43, and 2.09 +/- 0.28) mu g/cm(2), respectively (n = 10 for each group). The 1-min F depositions did not show positive correlation to Ca-addition rates. The lowest 1-min F deposition was obtained in the systems with the highest Ca-addition rate of 20 mmol L-1 min(-1) for which CaF2 precipitation rate reached the maximum value of 0.31 mmol L-1 s(-1) almost immediately after beginning of reaction (6 s). The largest 1-min F depositions were obtained from the systems with Ca addition rates of (7.5 to 12.5) mmol L-1 min(-1) in which CaF2 precipitation rates continuously increased reaching the maximum values of (0.13 to 0.20) mmol L-1 s(-1) after (18 to 29) s, respectively. The 1-min F depositions were greatly enhanced in comparison with the control F solutions that did not have continuous Ca-addition. This indicates that continuous Ca addition that controls the rate of CaF2 formation could be a critical factor for larger F depositions from F solutions. The efficacy of conventional F mouthrinses could be improved with addition of a substance that continuously releases Ca. C1 [Markovic, M.; Takagi, S.; Chow, L. C.; Frukhtbeyn, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Markovic, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM milenko.markovic@nist.gov; shozo.takagi@nist.gov; laurence.chow@nist.gov; stanislav.frukhtbeyn@nist.gov FU USPHS [R01-DE5354]; American Dental Association Foundation; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research FX This investigation was supported, in part, by USPHS research Grant R01-DE5354 to the American Dental Association Foundation from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and is part of the dental research program conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with American Dental Association Foundation. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 114 IS 5 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.6028/jres.114.021 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 509CU UT WOS:000270991800004 PM 27504229 ER PT J AU West, DV Posen, ID Huang, Q Zandbergen, HW McQueen, TM Cava, RJ AF West, D. V. Posen, I. D. Huang, Q. Zandbergen, H. W. McQueen, T. M. Cava, R. J. TI PbMn(SO4)(2): A new chiral antiferromagnet SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Acentric; Piezoelectric; Frustration; Magnetism; Chiral; New compound AB PbMn(SO4)(2) has been synthesized in an evacuated quartz tube. The nuclear and magnetic crystal structures have been determined using powder X-ray and neutron diffraction. This material crystallizes in the enantiomorphic space group pair P4(1)2(1)2(#92) and P4(3)2(1)2(#96), forming a double-helical arrangement of Pb2+ and Mn2+ cations. The Mn2+O6 octahedra are distorted. Each 3d(5) Mn2+ has four nearest-neighbors and four next-nearest-neighbors adopting a frustrating arrangement. The compound orders antiferromagnetically at 5.5 K. Field dependent specific heat and magnetization measurements show that T-N is suppressed to 3.3 K when mu H-0 = 9 T. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [West, D. V.; Posen, I. D.; McQueen, T. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zandbergen, H. W.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, Delft, Netherlands. RP West, DV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM barleytone@gmail.com OI Posen, I. Daniel/0000-0001-5093-140X FU NSF [NSF DMR-0703095] FX This research was supported by the NSF program in Solid State Chemistry, Grant no. NSF DMR-0703095. Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in this report to describe the subject adequately. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor does it imply that the materials and equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. T. M. McQueen gratefully acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 182 IS 9 BP 2461 EP 2467 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.06.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 557AD UT WOS:000274638600019 ER PT J AU Petersburg, CF Daniel, RC Jaye, C Fischer, DA Alamgir, FM AF Petersburg, Cole F. Daniel, Robert C. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Alamgir, Faisal M. TI Soft X-ray characterization technique for Li batteries under operating conditions SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE NEXAFS; XANES; Li ion battery; in situ; LiCoO(2) ID 3D TRANSITION-METALS; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; L-EDGE; CATHODE; LICOO2; SYSTEM; OXIDES AB O K-edge and Co L-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure has been used to examine the cathode of an intact solid-state lithium ion battery. The novel technique allowed for the simultaneous acquisition of partial electron yield and fluorescence yield data during the first charge cycle of a LiCoO(2)-based battery below the intercalation voltage. The chemical environments of oxygen and cobalt at the surface are shown to differ chemically from those in the bulk. The present design enables a wide variety of in situ spectroscopies, microscopies and scattering techniques. C1 [Petersburg, Cole F.; Daniel, Robert C.; Alamgir, Faisal M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alamgir, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM faisal.alamgir@mse.gatech.edu OI Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 16 BP 610 EP 615 DI 10.1107/S0909049509025710 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 488TD UT WOS:000269372100002 PM 19713633 ER PT J AU Pitchford, ML Poirot, RL Schichtel, BA Malm, WC AF Pitchford, Marc L. Poirot, Richard L. Schichtel, Bret A. Malm, William C. TI Characterization of the Winter Midwestern Particulate Nitrate Bulge SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air-and-Waste-Management-Association/American-Association-for-Aerosol-Re search Visibility Specialty Conference CY APR, 2008 CL Moab, UT SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Assoc Aersol Res ID UNITED-STATES; FINE; SPECIATION; LOCATIONS; MATTER AB A previously unobserved multi-state region of elevated particulate nitrate concentration was detected as a result of the expansion of the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network of remote-area particulate matter (PM) speciation monitoring sites into the midwestern United States that began in 2002. Mean winter ammonium nitrate concentrations exceed 4 mu g/m(3) in a region centered in Iowa, which makes it responsible for as much as half of the particle light extinction. Before these observations, particulate nitrate in the United States was only observed to be a dominant component of the fine PM (PM(2.5)) in parts of California and some urban areas. Comparisons of the spatial patterns of particulate nitrate with spatial patterns of ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions suggest that the nitrate bulge is the result of the high emissions of ammonia associated with animal agriculture in the Midwest. Nitrate episodes at several locations in the eastern United States are shown to be associated with transport pathways over the Midwest, suggesting long-range transport of either ammonia or ammonium nitrate. Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling conducted by others on data from the Midwest shows the relative importance of atmospheric ammonia and nitric acid in the production of PM(2.5). This is a particular concern as the sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States are reduced, which increases the amount of ammonia available for ammonium nitrate production. C1 [Pitchford, Marc L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resource Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Poirot, Richard L.] Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Air Pollut Control Div, Waterbury, VT USA. [Schichtel, Bret A.; Malm, William C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Pitchford, ML (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resource Lab, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM Marc.Pitchford@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 59 IS 9 BP 1061 EP 1069 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.9.1061 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 493SW UT WOS:000269759300007 PM 19785273 ER PT J AU Green, M Kondragunta, S Ciren, P Xu, CY AF Green, Mark Kondragunta, Shobha Ciren, Pubu Xu, Chuanyu TI Comparison of GOES and MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) to Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD and IMPROVE PM2.5 Mass at Bondville, Illinois SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air-and-Waste-Management-Association/American-Association-for-Aerosol-Re search Visibility Specialty Conference CY APR, 2008 CL Moab, UT SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res ID UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY AB Collocated Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) chemically speciated data, mass of PM less than 10 win in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) and size distribution at Bondville, IL, were compared with satellite-derived AOD. This was done to evaluate the quality of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD data and their potential to predict surface PM2.5 concentrations. MODIS AOD correlated better to AERONET AOD (r = 0.835) than did GOES AOD (r = 0.523). MODIS and GOES AOD compared better to AERONET AOD when the particle size distribution was dominated by fine mode. For all three AOD methods, correlation between AOD and PM2.5 concentration was highest in autumn and lowest in winter. The AERONET AOD-PM2.5 relationship was strongest with moderate relative humidity (RH). At low RH, AOD attributable to coarse mass degrades the relationship; at high RH, added AOD from water growth appears to mask the relationship. For locations such as many in the central and western United States with substantial coarse mass, coarse mass contributions to AOD may make predictions of PM2.5 from AOD data problematic. Seasonal and diurnal variations in particle size distributions, RH, and seasonal changes in boundary layer height need to be accounted for to use satellite AOD to predict surface PM2.5. C1 [Green, Mark] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ciren, Pubu; Xu, Chuanyu] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Green, M (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM green@dri.edu RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 59 IS 9 SI SI BP 1082 EP 1091 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.9.1082 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 493SW UT WOS:000269759300009 PM 19785275 ER PT J AU Park, ES Wallace, WE Guttman, CM Flynn, KM Richardson, MC Holmes, GA AF Park, E. S. Wallace, W. E. Guttman, C. M. Flynn, K. M. Richardson, M. C. Holmes, G. A. TI A General Method for Quantitative Measurement of Molecular Mass Distribution by Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FULLERENE DERIVATIVES; C-60; FULLEROPYRROLIDINES; ANIONS AB A method is presented to test whether the conversion of the mass spectrum of a polydisperse analyte to its molecular mass distribution is quantitative. Mixtures of samples with different average molecular masses, coupled with a Taylor's expansion mathematical formalism, were used to ascertain the reliability of molecular mass distributions derived from mass spectra. Additionally, the method describes how the molecular mass distributions may be corrected if the degree of mass bias is within certain defined limits. This method was demonstrated on polydisperse samples of C(60) fullerenes functionalized with ethylpyrrolidine groups measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; however, it is applicable to any polydisperse analyte and mass spectrometric method as long as spectrum resolution allows individual oligomers to be identified. Mass spectra of the derivatized fullerenes taken in positive ion mode were shown to give an accurate measurement of the molecular mass distribution while those taken in negative ion mode were not. Differences in the mechanisms for ion formation are used to explain the discrepancy. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States of America. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009, 20, 1638-1644) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Park, E. S.; Wallace, W. E.; Guttman, C. M.; Flynn, K. M.; Richardson, M. C.; Holmes, G. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.wallace@nist.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1638 EP 1644 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.019 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 507FH UT WOS:000270836800006 PM 19500997 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Simpson, J LeMone, MA Straka, JM Smull, BF AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Simpson, Joanne LeMone, Margaret A. Straka, Jerry M. Smull, Bradley F. TI On How Hot Towers Fuel the Hadley Cell: An Observational and Modeling Study of Line-Organized Convection in the Equatorial Trough from TOGA COARE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; VERTICAL VELOCITY EVENTS; AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADARS; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; 9 FEBRUARY 1993; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; OCEANIC CONVECTION; HURRICANE BONNIE; MOIST CONVECTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB An airflow trajectory analysis was carried out based on an idealized numerical simulation of the nocturnal 9 February 1993 equatorial oceanic squall line observed over the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) ship array. This simulation employed a nonhydrostatic numerical cloud model, which features a sophisticated 12-class bulk microphysics scheme. A second convective system that developed immediately south of the ship array a few hours later under similar environmental conditions was the subject of intensive airborne quad-Doppler radar observations, allowing observed airflow trajectories to be meaningfully compared to those from the model simulation. The results serve to refine the so-called hot tower hypothesis, which postulated the notion of undiluted ascent of boundary layer air to the high troposphere, which has for the first time been tested through coordinated comparisons with both model output and detailed observations. For parcels originating ahead ( north) of the system near or below cloud base in the boundary layer (BL), the model showed that a majority (>62%) of these trajectories were able to surmount the 10-km level in their lifetime, with about 5% exceeding 14-km altitude, which was near the modeled cloud top (15.5 km). These trajectories revealed that during ascent, most air parcels first experienced a quick decrease of equivalent potential temperature (theta(e)) below 5-km MSL as a result of entrainment of lower ambient theta(e) air. Above the freezing level, ascending parcels experienced an increase in theta(e) with height attributable to latent heat release from ice processes consistent with previous hypotheses. Analogous trajectories derived from the evolving observed airflow during the mature stage of the airborne radar-observed system identified far fewer (similar to 5%) near-BL parcels reaching heights above 10 km than shown by the corresponding simulation. This is attributed to both the idealized nature of the simulation and to the limitations inherent to the radar observations of near-surface convergence in the subcloud layer. This study shows that latent heat released above the freezing level can compensate for buoyancy reduction by mixing at lower levels, thus enabling air originating in the boundary layer to contribute to the maintenance of both local buoyancy and the large-scale Hadley cell despite acknowledged dilution by mixing along updraft trajectories. A tropical "hot tower'' should thus be redefined as any deep convective cloud with a base in the boundary layer and reaching near the upper-tropospheric outflow layer. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [LeMone, Margaret A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Smull, Bradley F.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-16,MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alexfierro@lanl.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU National Research Council (NRC); Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER); National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0733539]; National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) FX We thank the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences for generously sponsoring Alexandre Fierro for one year and the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) for providing computing resources. Partial support for this research was also provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under the Grant ATM-0733539. Dr. Joanne Simpson would like to thank W.-K. Tao for all his help and inspiration over several decades. Dr. Bradley Smull's involvement has been supported by NSF's Independent Research and Development (IR/D) program during his assignment there. Dr. Dave Jorgensen (NOAA/NSSL) generously provided access to archived Doppler radar data. Dr. Thomas J. Matejka (formerly of NOAA) spearheaded the observationally derived trajectory analysis. Dr. M. LeMone would like to thank NSF for supporting the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We also would like to thank Dr. Edward R. Mansell and Dr. Songlak Kang for supplying the software to produce the joint probability distributions. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ed Zipser and the anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 2730 EP 2746 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3017.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494LM UT WOS:000269814400012 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Frierson, DMW Held, IM AF Kang, Sarah M. Frierson, Dargan M. W. Held, Isaac M. TI The Tropical Response to Extratropical Thermal Forcing in an Idealized GCM: The Importance of Radiative Feedbacks and Convective Parameterization SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; AQUAPLANET MOIST GCM; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; MODEL; SCALE; MECHANISMS; ATMOSPHERE; ATLANTIC AB The response of tropical precipitation to extratropical thermal forcing is reexamined using an idealized moist atmospheric GCM that has no water vapor or cloud feedbacks, simplifying the analysis while retaining the aquaplanet configuration coupled to a slab ocean from the authors' previous study. As in earlier studies, tropical precipitation in response to high-latitude forcing is skewed toward the warmed hemisphere. Comparisons with a comprehensive GCM in an identical aquaplanet, mixed-layer framework reveal that the tropical responses tend to be much larger in the comprehensive GCM as a result of positive cloud and water vapor feedbacks that amplify the imposed extratropical thermal forcing. The magnitude of the tropical precipitation response in the idealized model is sensitive to convection scheme parameters. This sensitivity as well as the tropical precipitation response can be understood from a simple theory with two ingredients: the changes in poleward energy fluxes are predicted using a one-dimensional energy balance model and a measure of the "total gross moist stability'' [Delta m, which is defined as the total (mean plus eddy) atmospheric energy transport per unit mass transport] of the model tropics converts the energy flux change into a mass flux and a moisture flux change. The idealized model produces a low level of compensation of about 25% between the imposed oceanic flux and the resulting response in the atmospheric energy transport in the tropics regardless of the convection scheme parameter. Because Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Atmospheric Model 2 (AM2) with prescribed clouds and water vapor exhibits a similarly low level of compensation, it is argued that roughly 25% of the compensation is dynamically controlled through eddy energy fluxes. The sensitivity of the tropical response to the convection scheme in the idealized model results from different values of Delta m: smaller Delta m leads to larger tropical precipitation changes for the same response in the energy transport. C1 [Kang, Sarah M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Frierson, Dargan M. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), KORDI, Climate Change & Coastal Disaster Res Dept, POB 29, Seoul 425600, South Korea. EM skang.sarah@gmail.com RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644 NR 35 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 2812 EP 2827 DI 10.1175/2009JAS2924.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494LM UT WOS:000269814400017 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Eloranta, EW Shupe, MD AF de Boer, Gijs Eloranta, Edwin W. Shupe, Matthew D. TI Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratiform Cloud Properties from Multiple Years of Surface-Based Measurements at Two High-Latitude Locations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MODEL SIMULATIONS; WATER-CONTENT; SHEBA; RETRIEVALS; RADAR; MICROPHYSICS; SENSORS; OCEAN; LIDAR AB Macro- and microphysical properties of single-layer stratiform mixed-phase clouds are derived from multiple years of lidar, radar, and radiosonde observations. Measurements were made as part of the Mixed-Phase Arctic Clouds Experiment (MPACE) and the Study of Environmental Arctic Change ( SEARCH) in Barrow, Alaska, and Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, respectively. Single-layer mixed-phase clouds occurred between 4% and 26% of the total time observed, varying with season and location. They had mean cloud-base heights between similar to 700 and 2100 m and thicknesses between similar to 200 and 700 m. Seasonal mean cloud optical depths ranged from 2.2 up. The clouds existed at temperatures of similar to 242-271 K and occurred under different wind conditions, depending on season. Utilizing retrievals from a combination of lidar, radar, and microwave radiometer, mean cloud microphysical properties were derived, with mean liquid effective diameters estimated from 16 to 49 mu m, mean liquid number densities on the order of 10(4)-10(5) L-1, and mean water contents estimated between 0.07 and 0.28 g m(-3). Ice precipitation was shown to have mean ice effective diameters of 50-125 mu m, mean ice number densities on the order of 10 L-1, and mean water contents estimated between 0.012 and 0.031 g m(-3). Mean cloud liquid water paths ranged from 25 to 100 g m(-2). All results are compared to previous studies, and potential retrieval errors are discussed. Additionally, seasonal variation in macro- and microphysical properties was highlighted. Finally, fraction of liquid water to ice mass was shown to decrease with decreasing temperature. C1 [de Boer, Gijs; Eloranta, Edwin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM gdeboer@wisc.edu RI de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU NASA [NNX07AQ81G]; DOE ARM program [ER64187-1027586-0011923, DE-FG02-05ER63965]; NSF [ARC0632187]; NOAA FX The authors acknowledge Joseph Garcia for work on the database from which this information was gathered. Additionally, thanks to Igor Razenkov, Ralph Kuehn, and Jim Hedrick for work on the AHSRL. Funding for this effort came from multiple funding sources, including NASA (NNX07AQ81G), the DOE ARM program (ER64187-1027586-0011923 and DE-FG02-05ER63965), NSF(ARC0632187), and NOAA. Comments from Dr. Jennifer Kay and two anonymous reviewers significantly improved the content of this work. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 2874 EP 2887 DI 10.1175/2009JAS3029.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494LM UT WOS:000269814400021 ER PT J AU Henderson, PW Pincus, R AF Henderson, Peter W. Pincus, Robert TI Multiyear Evaluations of a Cloud Model Using ARM Data SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESOLVING MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; FORECAST; IOP AB This work uses long-term lidar and radar retrievals of the vertical structure of cloud at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Southern Great Plains site to evaluate cloud occurrence in multiyear runs of a cloud system-resolving model in three configurations of varying resolution and sophistication. The model is nudged to remain near the observed thermodynamic state and model fields are processed to mimic the operation of the observing system. The model's skill in predicting cloud occurrence is evaluated using both traditional performance measures that assume ergodicity and probabilistic measures that do not require temporal averaging of the observations. The model shows considerable skill in predicting cloud occurrence when its thermodynamic state is close to that observed. The overall bias in modeled cloud occurrence is relatively small in all model runs, suggesting that this field is relatively well calibrated. The Brier scores attained by all configurations also suggest considerable model skill. Greater differences in performance are found between seasons than between model configurations during the same season, despite substantial differences between the computational costs of the configurations. Several significant seasonal dependencies are identified, most notably greater conditional bias, but better timing, of boundary layer cloud in winter, and substantially less conditional bias in high cloud during summer. C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci,Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci,Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG03-06ER64182, DE-FG02-03ER6356] FX We are most grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for providing and supporting SAM; Anning Cheng and Kuan-Man Xu for implementing IPHOC; NOAA-HPCS for use of Jet and Christopher Harrop for advice; Roger Marchand for help with the radar simulator and Patrick Hofmann for helping build a QuickBeam interface; and Eugene Clothiaux, Christian Jacob, and Tom Hamill for discussion and insight. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, under Grants DE-FG03-06ER64182 and DE-FG02-03ER6356. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 2925 EP 2936 DI 10.1175/2009JAS2957.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 494LM UT WOS:000269814400025 ER PT J AU Fu, J Wei, C Vorburger, T AF Fu, Joseph Wei, Chu Vorburger, Theodore TI Influence of room temperature control on atomic force microscope imaging SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Editorial Material ID THERMAL-EXPANSION C1 [Fu, Joseph; Wei, Chu; Vorburger, Theodore] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, Chu] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mech & Elect Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Fu, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jofu@nist.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2321 EP 2323 DI 10.1116/1.3207743 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 502HH UT WOS:000270447400044 ER PT J AU Vickery, PJ Masters, FJ Powell, MD Wadhera, D AF Vickery, Peter J. Masters, Forrest J. Powell, Mark D. Wadhera, Dhiraj TI Hurricane hazard modeling: The past, present, and future SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Hurricane; Wind; Risk; Hazard; Gust factor; Boundary layer ID TROPICAL CYCLONE WINDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; PART I; SPEEDS; INTENSITY; LANDFALL; PRESSURE AB Hurricane hazard modeling has become a commonly used tool for assessing hurricane risk. The type of hurricane risk considered varies with the user and can be an economic risk, as in the case of the insurance and banking industries, a wind exceedance risk, a flood risk, etc. The most common uses for hurricane hazard models today include: (i) Simulation of wind speed and direction for use with wind tunnel test data to estimate wind loads vs. return period for design of structural systems and cladding. (ii) Estimation of design wind speeds for use in buildings codes and standards. (iii) Coastal hazard risk modeling (e.g. storm surge elevations and wave heights vs. return period). (iv) Insurance loss estimation (e.g. probable maximum losses, average annual losses). This paper presents an overview of the past and present work in hurricane modeling. The wind model is the key input to each of the examples presented above and is the focus herein. We discuss the evolution and current state of wind field modeling, modeling uncertainties, and possible future directions of the hurricane risk modeling process. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vickery, Peter J.; Wadhera, Dhiraj] Appl Res Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. [Masters, Forrest J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Vickery, PJ (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. EM pvickery@ara.com RI Masters, Forrest/D-1287-2011; Vickery, Peter/D-2708-2012; Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Masters, Forrest/0000-0001-8203-9846; Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 72 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 97 IS 7-8 BP 392 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2009.05.005 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 513WJ UT WOS:000271354500007 ER PT J AU Jin, W Dougherty, DB Cullen, WG Robey, S Reutt-Robey, JE AF Jin, Wei Dougherty, Daniel B. Cullen, William G. Robey, Steven Reutt-Robey, Janice E. TI C-60-Pentacene Network Formation by 2-D Co-Crystallization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ELECTRON DYNAMICS; SURFACES; C-60; AU(111); AG(111); PHOTOEMISSION; TEMPERATURE; MONOLAYER; MOLECULES AB We report experiments highlighting the mechanistic role of mobile pentacene precursors in the formation of a network C-60-pentacene co-crystalline structure on Ag(111). This co-crystalline arrangement was first observed by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) by Zhang et al. (Zhang, H. L.; Chen, W.: Huang, H.; Chen, L.; Wee, A. T. S. J. Am. Chest. Sac. 2008, 130, 2720-2721). We nosy show that this structure forms readily at room temperature from a two-dimensional (2-D) mixture. Pentacene, evaporated onto Ag(111) to coverages of 0.4-1.0 ML, produces a two-dimensional (2-D) gas. Subsequently deposited C-60 molecules combine with the pentacene 2-D gas to generate it network structure, consisting of chains of close-packed C-60 molecules, spaced by individual C-60 linkers and 1 nm x 2.5 nm pores containing individual pentacene molecules. Spontaneous formation of this stoichiometric (C-60)(4)-pentacene network from a range of excess pentacene surface coverage (0.4 to 1.0 ML) indicates it self-limiting assembly process. We refine the structure model for this phase and discuss the generality of this co-crystallization mechanism. C1 [Jin, Wei; Reutt-Robey, Janice E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cullen, William G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dougherty, Daniel B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Robey, Steven] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Reutt-Robey, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rrobey@umd.edu RI Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009 OI Reutt-Robey, Janice /0000-0002-9309-7854 FU Department of Commerce through the NIST Small Grants Program; National Science Foundation [DMR-05-2047]; Surface Analytical Chemistry Program [CHE0750203] FX This work was supported by the Department of Commerce through the NIST Small Grants Program, the National Science Foundation under the MRSEC Program. DMR-05-2047, and the Surface Analytical Chemistry Program, CHE0750203. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 17 BP 9857 EP 9862 DI 10.1021/la900968d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 486LK UT WOS:000269197500033 PM 19456180 ER PT J AU Trainer, VL Wells, ML Cochlan, WP Trick, CG Bill, BD Baugh, KA Beall, BF Herndon, J Lundholm, N AF Trainer, Vera L. Wells, Mark L. Cochlan, William P. Trick, Charles G. Bill, Brian D. Baugh, Keri A. Beall, Benjamin F. Herndon, Julian Lundholm, Nina TI An ecological study of a massive bloom of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata off the Washington State coast SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; DE-FUCA EDDY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; COMPLEX BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; SURFACE WATERS; PSEUDODELICATISSIMA; MULTISERIES; PACIFIC; DIATOMS; SPP. AB In September 2004 a large, nearly monospecific diatom bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata off the coast of the state of Washington reached cell concentrations of 6.1 x 10(6) cells L-1 and produced maximum particulate domoic acid (pDA), dissolved domoic acid (dDA), and cellular domoic acid concentrations of 43 nmol L-1, 4 nmol L-1, and 63 pg cell(-1), respectively. This bloom co-dominated the phytoplankton assemblage with the euglenoid Eutreptiella sp. in the Juan de Fuca eddy region, a known initiation site for toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Two isolates of P. cuspidata collected during separate cruises produced domoic acid (DA) in culture. During the September 2004 survey, 84% of the stations (n = 98) had detectable Pseudo-nitzschia and 78% had detectable pDA. There were no significant correlations between either pDA or cellular DA and ambient concentrations of macronutrients; however, when considering only those stations where Pseudo-nitzschia was present, pDA was positively correlated with chlorophyll a and negatively correlated with temperature (p <= 0.01) at both 1- and 5-m depths. Correlations between cellular DA concentrations and total bacteria or cyanobacteria abundances were not significant. Variable ratios of pDA: dDA in the eddy region suggest that DA release was under cellular regulation by Pseudo-nitzschia. Stations where dissolved Fe concentrations were limiting (<0.5 nmol L-1) had the highest Pseudo-nitzschia abundances and pDA and cellular DA values. These results provide enticing field evidence of the role of Fe limitation in controlling cellular DA levels. C1 [Trainer, Vera L.; Bill, Brian D.; Baugh, Keri A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wells, Mark L.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Cochlan, William P.; Herndon, Julian] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA USA. [Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biol, London, ON, Canada. [Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Microbiol, London, ON, Canada. [Trick, Charles G.] Univ Western Ontario, Schulich Sch Med & Dent, Dept Immunol, London, ON, Canada. [Lundholm, Nina] Univ Copenhagen, Sect Aquat Biol, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Trainer, VL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov RI Lundholm, Nina/A-4856-2013 OI Lundholm, Nina/0000-0002-2035-1997 FU National Science Foundation ECOHAB [OCE-0234587]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ECOHAB [NA16OP1450] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantis for their assistance during this research cruise. We are grateful for the help in our field studies by all the members of the seagoing research team of the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Pacific Northwest (ECOHAB-PNW), and thank B. Hickey and E. Lessard for stimulating discussions. We thank N. Adams for serving as cruise chief, A. Odell for Pseudo-nitzschia counts, S. Nance for domoic acid analyses, S. Moore for statistical analyses, N. Adams, and S. Day for assistance with the figure preparation. We thank D. Woodruff and N. Evans for sea surface temperature imagery and for the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Monitoring and Event Response to Harmful Algal Blooms (NOAA MERHAB) program grant to the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership for funding their collaboration with ECOHAB-PNW. We gratefully acknowledge J. Hendrickson for the culture study with isolate NWFSC221, as well as C. Stehr, S. Moore, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their comments on this manuscript. ECOHAB-PNW was funded by the National Science Foundation ECOHAB project OCE-0234587 and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ECOHAB grant NA16OP1450. This is ECOHAB publication 304 and ECOHAB-PNW publication 21. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1461 EP 1474 DI 10.4319/lo.2009.54.5.1461 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 475AB UT WOS:000268325300006 ER PT J AU Eppeldauer, GP AF Eppeldauer, G. P. TI Traceability of Photocurrent Measurements to Electrical Standards SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA LA English DT Article AB In detector output-signal measurements, where the measurement uncertainty critically impacts the total uncertainty of a detector-based radiometric scale realization, traceability of the photocurrent measurement to SI traceable electrical standards is needed. A reference photocurrent-to-voltage conversion scale has been developed and described here. The new standard has internal reference resistors for all signal-gain selections to decrease noise pickup of traditionally used external reference resistors. The internal resistors were calibrated by the NIST Quantum Electrical Metrology Division against standard resistors. Using the substitution method, the reference photocurrent-to-voltage conversion scale was transferred from the converter standard to other converters up to a maximum signal-gain of 10(10) V/A with an expanded uncertainty of 0.013% (k=2). The DC conversion scale was extended to AC mode signal-gain calibrations where the photocurrent measurement uncertainty is 0.05% (k=2). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA PI NEW DELHI PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA SN 0970-3950 J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 515MA UT WOS:000271474000007 ER PT J AU Symons, LC Carton, G AF Symons, Lisa C. Carton, Geoffrey TI Message from the Guest Editors ... INTRODUCTION SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Symons, Lisa C.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC USA. RP Symons, LC (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 523VK UT WOS:000272102500001 ER PT J AU Basta, DJ AF Basta, Daniel J. TI The Broader Basis for Investing in Munitions Assessment and Removal SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC USA. RP Basta, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 523VK UT WOS:000272102500004 ER PT J AU Overfield, ML Symons, LC AF Overfield, Mike L. Symons, Lisa C. TI The Use of the RUST Database to Inventory, Monitor, and Assess Risk from Undersea Threats SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NOAA; Marine sanctuaries; Pollution; Munitions; Databases; Risk assessment AB The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) is to serve as the trustee for the nation's system of marine protected areas, to conserve, protect, and enhance their biodiversity, ecological integrity, and cultural legacy. A century of ocean dumping has left the world with a forgotten legacy of chemical and conventional weapons, nuclear waste dumpsites, shipwrecks, abandoned pipelines, and wellheads found in all ocean waters, including those of the National Marine Sanctuary System. The ONMS created the Resources and Undersea Threats (RUST) database to catalogue potential threats, including shipwrecks, munitions dumpsites, radiological waste dumpsites, abandoned pipelines, and wellheads. RUST data are composed of and synthesized from numerous databases and thousands of document files that cover the U.S. coastline out to the outer continental shelf; however, initial database population has primarily focused on the NMS System. These data sources combine to create a single, all-inclusive entry for each submerged site that includes but is not limited to positioning, site type (i.e., vessel or munitions dumpsite), ship/container typology, cargo, type and estimated amount of hazardous material remaining (e.g., oil, diesel fuel, mustard gas), and inherent risks associated with the site. Taking a proactive instead of a reactive approach to mitigating this risk will reduce response costs and diminish the threat of environmental and socioeconomic damages. C1 [Overfield, Mike L.; Symons, Lisa C.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC USA. RP Overfield, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 523VK UT WOS:000272102500006 ER PT J AU Garcia, SS MacDonald, K De Carlo, EH Overfield, ML Reyer, T Rolfe, J AF Garcia, Sonia Shjegstad MacDonald, Kathryn De Carlo, Eric Heinen Overfield, Mike L. Reyer, Tony Rolfe, Jason TI Discarded Military Munitions Case Study: Ordnance Reef (HI-06), Hawaii SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; METAL POLLUTION; RIVER; ESTUARY; STREAMS; SPAIN; WATER AB In 2006, the U.S. Department of the Army and Department of the Navy funded a survey of Site HI-06, locally known as Ordnance Reef, Oahu, Hawaii, an area of shallow fringing nearshore reef that was used as a disposal area for discarded military munitions following World War II. This study determined site boundaries; the quantity, type, and locations of munitions present, collected and analyzed sediment and fish samples; and generated a screening-level survey of the data suggesting that contamination from munitions did not pose a threat to human health. Subsequent review of the 2006 study by community members as well as state and Federal resource agencies identified several data gaps requiring further investigation. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Pacific Ocean Division identified remaining study questions and engaged local experts to design and conduct the follow-on investigation. The University of Hawaii, with assistance from Environet Inc., is conducting a remedial investigation and risk assessment of Ordnance Reef. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is also contributing to the ongoing research effort by deploying sensors that will monitor ocean, currents in the area. Data from the sensors will be used to model current patterns and pollutant transport mechanisms to determine potential migration paths should contaminant releases occur from the munitions. C1 [MacDonald, Kathryn; De Carlo, Eric Heinen] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Overfield, Mike L.; Reyer, Tony; Rolfe, Jason] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 85 EP 99 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 523VK UT WOS:000272102500011 ER PT J AU Cheng, YB Middleton, EM Hilker, T Coops, NC Black, TA Krishnan, P AF Cheng, Yen-Ben Middleton, Elizabeth M. Hilker, Thomas Coops, Nicholas C. Black, T. Andrew Krishnan, Praveena TI Dynamics of spectral bio-indicators and their correlations with light use efficiency using directional observations at a Douglas-fir forest SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; light use efficiency; photochemical reflectance index; vegetation index ID PHOTOCHEMICAL REFLECTANCE INDEX; RADIATION-USE-EFFICIENCY; MODELING CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; SUNFLOWER LEAVES; GLOBAL RADIATION; DIRECT COMPONENT; LEAF MODELS; PRODUCTIVITY; FLUORESCENCE AB The carbon science community must rely on satellite remote sensing to obtain global estimates of photosynthetic activity, typically expressed as net primary production (NPP), gross primary production (GPP) or light use efficiency (LUE). The photochemical reflectance index (PRI), calculated as a normalized difference reflectance index using a physiologically active green band (similar to 531 nm) and another physiologically insensitive green reference band (similar to 570 nm), denoted as PRI(570), has been confirmed in many studies as being strongly related to LUE. Here, we examined the potential of utilizing PRI(570) observations under different illumination conditions for canopy LUE estimation of a forest. In order to evaluate this, directional hyperspectral reflectance measurements were collected continuously throughout the daytime periods using an automated spectroradiometer in conjunction with tower-based eddy covariance fluxes and environmental measurements at a coastal conifer forest in British Columbia, Canada throughout the 2006 growing season. A parameter calculated as the PRI(570) difference (dPRI(570)) between shaded versus sunlit canopy foliage sectors showed a strong correlation to tower-based LUE. The seasonal pattern for this correlation produced a dramatic change from high negative (r similar to -0.80) values in the springtime and early fall to high positive values (r similar to 0.80) during the summer months, which could represent the seasonality of physiological characteristics and environmental factors. Although the PRI(570) successfully tracked canopy LUE, one or both of its green bands (similar to 531 and 570 nm) used to calculate the PRI are unavailable on most existing and planned near-term satellites. Therefore, we examined the potential to use 24 other spectral indexes for LUE monitoring that might be correlated to PRI, and thereby a substitute for it. We also continued our previous investigations into the influence of illumination conditions on the observed PRI(570) and other indexes. Among the 24 indexes examined, three PRI indexes using different reference bands (488, 551 and 705 nm) showed high correlations to the traditional PRI(570), especially PRI(551) and PRI(705). This indicates three additional PRI variations for LUE monitoring if the traditional reference band at 570 nm is not available but the 531 nm band is available. Five other indexes also yielded high correlations to PRI(570): Dmax and DM705, two indexes calculated from derivative reflectance spectra; a simple ratio of reflectance values at 685 nm and 655 nm (SR685_655); and a double-peak optical index (DPI). The diurnal and seasonal dynamics of these eight indexes and PRI(570) were explored. All of these indexes except DPI expressed linear dependence on available sunlight and more strongly expressed diurnal dynamics in April than in August during summer drought. The differences for shaded versus sunlit canopy foliage sectors were also calculated for the eight indexes, and their correlations to canopy LUE across the season were examined. The performances were similar for the most successful and seasonally stable indexes: dPRI(551), dPRI(705) and dPRI(570). The other five indexes showed good correlation to LUE in some but not all the months, and the months with high correlations varied among them. C1 [Cheng, Yen-Ben; Middleton, Elizabeth M.] NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cheng, Yen-Ben] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Annapolis Jct, MD 20701 USA. [Hilker, Thomas; Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Black, T. Andrew; Krishnan, Praveena] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Krishnan, Praveena] Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Cheng, YB (reprint author), NASA, Biospher Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov RI Cheng, Yen-Ben/G-1311-2012; Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; FU Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA HQ; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Canadian NSERC FX This research was supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, and a Terrestrial Ecosystem research program (Spectral Bio-Indicators of Ecosystem Photosynthetic Light Use Efficiency; PI, E. M. Middleton) sponsored through Dr Diane Wickland at NASA HQ. This research was also partially funded by a scholarship of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) to T Hilker and a Canadian NSERC Discovery grant to NC Coops. Y-B Cheng is currently affiliated with Earth Resources Technology, Inc. Most of the work presented in this paper was completed when he was a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 9 AR 095107 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/20/9/095107 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 486FC UT WOS:000269180300009 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zou, CZ AF Li, Xiaofan Zou, Cheng-Zhi TI Effects of sea surface temperature, radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on vertical structures of tropical tropospheric temperature: a two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving modeling study SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SQUALL LINES; STATES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION AB The effects of sea surface temperature (SST), radiation, cloud microphysics, and diurnal variations on the vertical structure of tropical tropospheric temperature are investigated by analyzing 10 two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulation data. The increase of SST, exclusion of diurnal variation of SST, and inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle, radiative effects of ice clouds, and ice microphysics could lead to tropical tropospheric warming and increase of tropopause height. The increase of SST and the suppression of its diurnal variation enhance the warming in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively, through increasing latent heat and decreasing IR cooling. The inclusion of diurnal variation of solar zenith angle increases the tropospheric warming through increasing solar heating. The inclusion of cloud radiative effects increases tropospheric warming through suppressing IR cooling in the mid and lower troposphere and enhancing solar heating in the upper troposphere. The inclusion of ice microphysics barely increases warming in the mid and lower troposphere because the warming from ice radiative effects is nearly offset by the cooling from ice microphysical effects, whereas it causes the large warming enhancement in the upper troposphere due to the dominance of ice radiative effects. The tropopause height is increased mainly through the large enhancement of IR cooling. C1 [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 712, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiaofan.Li@noaa.gov RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s00703-009-0039-2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 490VA UT WOS:000269534200007 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Yu, B Jackson, A Zha, WB Lee, LJ Wyslouzil, BE AF Wu, Yun Yu, Bo Jackson, Andrew Zha, Weibin Lee, L. James Wyslouzil, Barbara E. TI Coaxial Electrohydrodynamic Spraying: A Novel One-Step Technique To Prepare Oligodeoxynucleotide Encapsulated Lipoplex Nanoparticles SO MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article CT NanoMedicine Summit on Nanoparticles for Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapeutics CY SEP 25-26, 2008-2009 CL Cleveland, OH SP Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland Clinic DE Coaxial electrospray; oligonucleotide; G3139; lipoplex; nanoparticles ID REVERSE-PHASE EVAPORATION; LIPID NANOPARTICLES; LIQUID JETS; LIPOSOMES; DELIVERY; ELECTROSPRAY; ATOMIZATION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; TECHNOLOGY; VESICLES AB This study investigates coaxial electrohydrodynamic spraying (electrospray for short) as a novel, rapid, real time and single-step method to produce oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) encapsulated lipoplex nanoparticles for either intravenous injection or, potentially, pulmonary delivery. Using a coaxial needle setup, we produced G3139 (oblimerson sodium, or Genasense) encapsulated lipoplex nanoparticles, and investigated the effects of production parameters on nanoparticle size and structure. Careful control of production parameters yielded lipoplex nanoparticles 190 +/- 39 nm in diameter with unilamellar structure and 90 +/- 6% encapsulation efficiency of G3139. Both nontargeted and transferrin-targeted G3139 lipoplex nanoparticles were efficiently delivered to K562 cells and downregulated the bcl-2 protein expression by 34 +/- 6% and 57 +/- 3% respectively. C1 [Wu, Yun; Yu, Bo; Lee, L. James; Wyslouzil, Barbara E.] Ohio State Univ, William G Lowrie Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wu, Yun; Yu, Bo; Zha, Weibin; Lee, L. James; Wyslouzil, Barbara E.] Ohio State Univ, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wyslouzil, Barbara E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wyslouzil, BE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wyslouzil.1@osu.edu RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Wyslouzil, Barbara/G-8219-2012; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Wyslouzil, Barbara/0000-0001-9763-5990 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1543-8384 J9 MOL PHARMACEUT JI Mol. Pharm. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1379 DI 10.1021/mp9000348 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 501BR UT WOS:000270354400013 PM 19499922 ER PT J AU Kwon, EY Primeau, F Sarmiento, JL AF Kwon, Eun Young Primeau, Francois Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI The impact of remineralization depth on the air-sea carbon balance SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; OCEAN INTERIOR; TWILIGHT ZONE; MODEL; FLUX; VARIABILITY; CALCITE; CLIMATE; CYCLES; CO2 AB As particulate organic carbon rains down from the surface ocean it is respired back to carbon dioxide and released into the ocean's interior. The depth at which this sinking carbon is converted back to carbon dioxide-known as the remineralization depth-depends on the balance between particle sinking speeds and their rate of decay. A host of climate-sensitive factors can affect this balance, including temperature(1), oxygen concentration(2), stratification, community composition(3,4) and the mineral content of the sinking particles(5). Here we use a three-dimensional global ocean biogeochemistry model to show that a modest change in remineralization depth can have a substantial impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. For example, when the depth at which 63% of sinking carbon is respired increases by 24 m globally, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations fall by 10-27 ppm. This reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration results from the redistribution of remineralized carbon from intermediate waters to bottom waters. As a consequence of the reduced concentration of respired carbon in upper ocean waters, atmospheric carbon dioxide is preferentially stored in newly formed North Atlantic Deep Water. We suggest that atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are highly sensitive to the potential changes in remineralization depth that may be caused by climate change. C1 [Kwon, Eun Young; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Primeau, Francois] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ekwon@princeton.edu RI Primeau, Francois /A-7310-2011 OI Primeau, Francois /0000-0001-7452-9415 FU National Science Foundation [OCE0623647]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310096]; US Department of Commerce FX We thank E. Galbraith and R. Toggweiler for their valuable comments. F.P. acknowledges support from National Science Foundation grant OCE0623647. E.Y.K. and J.L.S. acknowledge award NA07OAR4310096 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce.The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the US Department of Commerce. NR 30 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 9 BP 630 EP 635 DI 10.1038/NGEO612 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 497LY UT WOS:000270062200014 ER PT J AU Blower, JD Blanc, F Clancy, M Cornillon, P Donlon, C Hacker, P Haines, K Hankin, SC Loubrieu, T Pouliquen, S Price, M Pugh, TF Srinivasan, A AF Blower, Jon D. Blanc, Frederique Clancy, Mike Cornillon, Peter Donlon, Craig Hacker, Peter Haines, Keith Hankin, Steve C. Loubrieu, Thomas Pouliquen, Sylvie Price, Martin Pugh, Timothy F. Srinivasan, Ashwanth TI SERVING GODAE DATA AND PRODUCTS TO THE OCEAN COMMUNITY SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VISUALIZATION AB The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE [http://www.godae.org]) has spanned a decade of rapid technological development. The ever-increasing volume and diversity of oceanographic data produced by in situ instruments, remote-sensing platforms, and computer simulations have driven the development of a number of innovative technologies that are essential for connecting scientists with the data that they need. This paper gives an overview of the technologies that have been developed and applied in the course of GODAE, which now provide users of oceanographic data with the capability to discover, evaluate, visualize, download, and analyze data from all over the world. The key to this capability is the ability to reduce the inherent complexity of oceanographic data by providing a consistent, harmonized view of the various data products. The challenges of data serving have been addressed over the last 10 years through the cooperative skills and energies of many individuals. C1 [Blower, Jon D.; Haines, Keith] Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading E Sci Ctr, Reading, Berks, England. [Blanc, Frederique] CLS, Space Oceanog Div, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Clancy, Mike] USN, Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Cornillon, Peter] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Donlon, Craig] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Hacker, Peter] Univ Hawaii, Asia Pacific Data Res Ctr, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hankin, Steve C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Loubrieu, Thomas; Pouliquen, Sylvie] IFREMER, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Price, Martin] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Pugh, Timothy F.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Srinivasan, Ashwanth] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Blower, JD (reprint author), Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading E Sci Ctr, Reading, Berks, England. EM j.d.blower@reading.ac.uk FU Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center [NA17RJ1230] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful reviews from Mike Bell, Ralph Rayner, and Gilbert Maudire. The Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center is funded under NOAA Award NA17RJ1230. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 SI SI BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.5670/oceanog.2009.67 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 490NA UT WOS:000269506500011 ER PT J AU Balmaseda, MA Alves, OJ Arribas, A Awaji, T Behringer, DW Ferry, N Fujii, Y Lee, T Rienecker, M Rosati, T Stammer, D AF Balmaseda, Magdalena A. Alves, Oscar J. Arribas, Alberto Awaji, Toshiyuki Behringer, David W. Ferry, Nicolas Fujii, Yosuke Lee, Tong Rienecker, Michele Rosati, Tony Stammer, Detlef TI Ocean Initialization for Seasonal Forecasts SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE AB Several operational centers routinely issue seasonal forecasts of Earth's climate using coupled ocean-atmosphere models, which require near-real-time knowledge of the state of the global ocean. This paper reviews existing ocean analysis efforts aimed at initializing seasonal forecasts. We show that ocean data assimilation improves the skill of seasonal forecasts in many cases, although its impact can be overshadowed by errors in the coupled models. The current practice, known as "uncoupled" initialization, has the advantage of better knowledge of atmospheric forcing fluxes, but it has the shortcoming of potential initialization shock. In recent years, the idea of obtaining truly "coupled" initialization, where the different components of the coupled system are well balanced, has stimulated several research activities that will be reviewed in light of their application to seasonal forecasts. C1 [Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Alves, Oscar J.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Seasonal Predict & Climate Variabil Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Arribas, Alberto] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Awaji, Toshiyuki] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Awaji, Toshiyuki] Data Res Ctr Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Behringer, David W.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ferry, Nicolas] Mercator Ocean, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Fujii, Yosuke] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Oceanog Res Dept, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Sci, Pasadena, CA USA. [Rienecker, Michele] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rosati, Tony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stammer, Detlef] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. RP Balmaseda, MA (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM Magdalena.Balmaseda@ecnwf.int FU Mercator Ocean; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research; UK Met Office; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Japan Meteorological Agency; the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; University of Hamburg FX The following organizations and agencies are acknowledged for their financial and institutional support: Mercator Ocean; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research; UK Met Office; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting; National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Japan Meteorological Agency; the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; and the University of Hamburg. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 SI SI BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 490NA UT WOS:000269506500017 ER PT J AU Goni, G Demaria, M Knaff, J Sampson, C Ginis, I Bringas, F Mavume, A Lauer, C Lin, II Ali, MM Sandery, P Ramos-Buarque, S Kang, K Mehra, A Chassignet, E Halliwell, G AF Goni, Gustavo Demaria, Mark Knaff, John Sampson, Charles Ginis, Isaac Bringas, Francis Mavume, Alberto Lauer, Chris Lin, I. -I. Ali, M. M. Sandery, Paul Ramos-Buarque, Silvana Kang, Kiryong Mehra, Avichal Chassignet, Eric Halliwell, George TI Applications of Satellite-Derived Ocean Measurements to Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SYSTEM; INITIALIZATION; HURRICANES AB Sudden tropical cyclone (TC) intensification has been linked with high values of upper ocean heat content contained in mesoscale features, particularly warm ocean eddies, provided that atmospheric conditions are also favorable. Although understanding of air-sea interaction for TCs is evolving, this manuscript summarizes some of the current work being carried out to investigate the role that the upper ocean plays in TC intensification and the use of ocean parameters in forecasting TC intensity. C1 [Goni, Gustavo; Halliwell, George] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Demaria, Mark; Knaff, John] NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscole Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sampson, Charles] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Ginis, Isaac] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Bringas, Francis] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Mavume, Alberto] Eduardo Mondlone Univ, Marine Sci & Oceanog Grp, Maputo, Mozambique. [Lauer, Chris] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Lin, I. -I.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Ali, M. M.] Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Div Oceanog, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Ramos-Buarque, Silvana] Meteo France Mercator Ocean, Ramonville St Agne, France. [Kang, Kiryong] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Typhoon Ctr, Cheju, South Korea. [Mehra, Avichal] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Chassignet, Eric] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Halliwell, George] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Goni, G (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gustavo.goni@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Bringas, Francis/C-4442-2013; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; , Ali/0000-0002-3821-6099 FU NOAA/NESDIS; NOAA [NOAA4400080656] FX Some of the work of GG, MDM, JK, CS, and FB was supported by NOAA/NESDIS through the Research to Operations Program. Part of GGs work was done during a rotational assignment at the NOAA/IOOS Program Office. Research and development of OceanMAPS and CLAM is supported by the BLUElink> project, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO, and the Royal Australian Navy. The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services sponsored the project on North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone studies. Analysis carried out by PSV Jagadeesh and Sarika Jain in this project is gratefully acknowledged. NOAA grant NOAA4400080656 awarded to the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode island, supported IG work. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 BP 190 EP 197 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 490NA UT WOS:000269506500022 ER PT J AU Litaker, RW Vandersea, MW Faust, MA Kibler, SR Chinain, M Holmes, MJ Holland, WC Tester, PA AF Litaker, R. Wayne Vandersea, Mark W. Faust, Maria A. Kibler, Steven R. Chinain, Mireille Holmes, Michael J. Holland, William C. Tester, Patricia A. TI Taxonomy of Gambierdiscus including four new species, Gambierdiscus caribaeus, Gambierdiscus carolinianus, Gambierdiscus carpenteri and Gambierdiscus ruetzleri (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera; D1-D3 LSU; D8-D10 LSU; Epitype; Evolution; Gambierdiscus toxicus; ITS; Morphology; Phylogeny; rDNA; SSU ID BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATE; SP-NOV; CIGUATERA; DNA; VARIABILITY; TOXICUS AB Gambierdiscus species produce toxins that cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), the most common nonbacterial illness associated with fish consumption worldwide. Understanding the role that individual Gambierdiscus species play in causing CFP is hampered because the morphologically similar species in the genus are difficult to distinguish. Ambiguities in the description of the type species Gambierdiscus toxicus also exist. This paper presents detailed line drawings along with additional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light micrographs to more fully characterize the six known Gambierdiscus species in addition to describing four new species, Gambierdiscus caribaeus sp. nov., Gambierdiscus carolinianus sp. nov., Gambierdiscus carpenteri sp. nov., and Gambierdiscus ruetzleri sp. nov. All four of the new species are photosynthetic and epibenthic and have a Kofoidian plate formula of Po, 3', 7 '', 6C, 6 or 7S, 5''', 1 p, and 2 Establishment of these species is supported by both morphological differences and three independent phylogenetic analyses utilizing small-subunit, as well as D1-D3 and D8-D10 large-subunit rDNA gene sequences. During the course of this study it became apparent that the description of the type species, G. toxicus, included more than one species. Since no type material exists we propose that Fig. 1 in Adachi and Fukuyo (1979) be designated as the lectotype for this species and that the epithecal view of isolate GTT-91 shown in Fig. 1 from Chinain et al. (1999) be designated as the epitype. The GTT-91 isolate has been well characterized genetically and the original SEM stub of this isolate archived at the Smithsonian Institution has been re-examined to provide a more detailed morphological analysis of the epitype. C1 [Litaker, R. Wayne; Vandersea, Mark W.; Kibler, Steven R.; Holland, William C.; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Faust, Maria A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl Herbarium, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Chinain, Mireille] Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, Papeete, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. [Holmes, Michael J.] Natl Univ Singapore, Trop Marine Sci Inst, Singapore 119223, Singapore. RP Litaker, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM wayne.litaker@noaa.gov FU Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CCRE); Smithsonian Institution; Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowment FX Dr. Robert A. Andersen provided helpful advice on the inclusion of sequence data from type Cultures. Drs. Ojvind Moestrup, Paul Silva and Antonio Calado provided advice on the epitype designation. Patrice Mason provided helpful edits and suggestions. Special thanks to Alice Ilaya Gedaria for culture of the G. yasumotoi cells and Elisabeth Laban for technical assistance and Dr. Georgia L. Irby-Massie, Classical Studies Department, College of William and Mary and Dan N. Nicolson, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian Institution for kindly providing the Latin translations. We thank Scott Whittaker for skillful technical assistance and for providing access to the Scanning Electron Microscope Laboratory, NMNH. We thank Dr. Klaus RUitzler, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution for his long-term support of the research program in Belize from which we have benefited greatly. Special thanks to Michael Carpenter and Bertol Pfeiffer for logistic support. Amy Nau provided technical editing. This research was partially supported by a grant from the Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CCRE), Smithsonian Institution. This is contribution number 858 of the CCRE, Smithsonian Institution, supported in part by the Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowment. NR 38 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 29 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD SEP PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 344 EP 390 DI 10.2216/07-15.1 PG 47 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 498SH UT WOS:000270162900004 ER PT J AU Krycka, KL Booth, R Borchers, JA Chen, WC Conlon, C Gentile, TR Hogg, C Ijiri, Y Laver, M Maranville, BB Majetich, SA Rhyne, JJ Watson, SM AF Krycka, K. L. Booth, R. Borchers, J. A. Chen, W. C. Conlon, C. Gentile, T. R. Hogg, C. Ijiri, Y. Laver, M. Maranville, B. B. Majetich, S. A. Rhyne, J. J. Watson, S. M. TI Resolving 3D magnetism in nanoparticles using polarization analyzed SANS SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture AB Utilizing a polarized He-3 cell as an analyzer we were able to perform a full polarization analysis on small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data from an ensemble of 7 turn magnetite nanoparticles. The results led to clear separation of magnetic and nuclear scattering plus a 3D vectorial decomposition of the magnetism observed. At remanence variation in long-range magnetic correlation length was found to be highly dependent on temperature from 50 to 300 K. Additionally, we were able to compare the magnetic scattering from moments along and perpendicular to an applied field at saturation and in remanence. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krycka, K. L.; Borchers, J. A.; Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.; Laver, M.; Maranville, B. B.; Watson, S. M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Booth, R.; Hogg, C.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Conlon, C.; Ijiri, Y.] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Rhyne, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2561 EP 2564 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.024 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200017 ER PT J AU Pynn, R Fitzsimmons, MR Lee, WT Stonaha, P Shah, VR Washington, AL Kirby, BJ Majkrzak, CF Maranville, BB AF Pynn, Roger Fitzsimmons, M. R. Lee, W. T. Stonaha, P. Shah, V. R. Washington, A. L. Kirby, B. J. Majkrzak, C. F. Maranville, B. B. TI Birefringent neutron prisms for spin echo scattering angle measurement SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture AB In the first decade of the 19th century, an English chemist, William Wollaston, invented an arrangement of birefringent prisms that splits a beam of light into two spatially separated beams with orthogonal polarizations. We have constructed similar devices for neutrons using triangular cross-section solenoids and employed them for Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement (SESAME). A key difference between birefringent neutron prisms and their optical analogues is that it is hard to embed the former in a medium which has absolutely no birefringence because this implies the removal of all magnetic fields. We have overcome this problem by using the symmetry properties of the Wollaston neutron prisms and of the overall spin echo arrangement. These symmetries cause a cancellation of Larmor phase aberrations and provide robust coding of neutron scattering angles with simple equipment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pynn, Roger; Stonaha, P.; Shah, V. R.; Washington, A. L.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Pynn, Roger; Lee, W. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Majkrzak, C. F.; Maranville, B. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Pynn, R (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM rpynn@indiana.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Stonaha, Paul/0000-0002-6846-2442; Washington, Adam/0000-0002-3243-1556 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2582 EP 2584 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.025 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200023 ER PT J AU Mayumi, K Nagao, M Endo, H Osaka, N Shibayama, M Ito, K AF Mayumi, Koichi Nagao, Michihiro Endo, Hitoshi Osaka, Noboru Shibayama, Mitsuhiro Ito, Kohzo TI Dynamics of polyrotaxane investigated by neutron spin echo SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture DE Polyrotaxane; Supramolecule; Cyclodextrin; Polyethylene glycol; Neutron spin echo ID SLIDE-RING GEL; TOPOLOGICAL GEL; CROSS-LINKS; CYCLODEXTRIN AB The dynamics of a molecular necklace known as polyrotaxane (PR), in which alpha-cyclodextrins (CDs) are threaded into a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain, was investigated by means of neutron spin echo (NSE) measurements. We observed that threading CDs into PEG slowed down the local dynamics and changed its Q-dependence. A solution of PEG in DMSO-d(6) showed a dynamical crossover from collective diffusion dynamics to the Zimm mode, just as in conventional polymer solutions; however, the motion of PR in DMSO-d(6) was diffusive for the whole Q range. This may be because the persistence length l(p) of PR was much larger than that of PEG and was similar to the mesh size of PR. The diffusive mode in a high Q regime, corresponding to a length scale of less than the l(p) value of PP, contained the mode of the sliding of CDs along a rod-like PEG segment in one dimension. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Endo, Hitoshi; Osaka, Noboru; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Mayumi, Koichi; Ito, Kohzo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Shibayama, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM sibayama@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kohzo@molle.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Osaka, Noboru/F-8914-2013; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/E-1646-2015 OI Osaka, Noboru/0000-0003-1028-1646; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/0000-0002-8683-5070 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2600 EP 2602 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.035 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200027 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Seto, H AF Nagao, Michihiro Seto, Hideki TI Full fitting analysis of the relative intermediate form factor measured by neutron spin echo SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture DE Neutron spin echo; Contrast variation technique; Microemulsion; Dynamics ID MICROEMULSION; SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING AB This paper describes the dynamics of a water-in-oil microemulsion from the dilute to the dense droplet region. Using the relative intermediate form factor method for neutron spin echo data analyses [M. Nagao, H. Seto, Phys. Rev. E 78 (2008) 011507]. the shape and structure fluctuations of a droplet microemulsion are successfully decoupled. In the previous paper, we used the first cumulant analysis of the shape fluctuation model, while the full fitting form of the same model is applied in this paper. The final results of the fittings using the first cumulant approximation and the full form of the model are almost identical, and therefore, the validity of the method is strengthened. The estimated bending modulus of the surfactant membrane, kappa, is basically the same, within the experimental errors, in the previous and present results. The kappa is not affected much by an increase of the droplet concentration. A clear dynamic slowing down of the water droplets is highlighted at the length scale corresponding to the inter-droplet distance from the structure fluctuation analysis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2603 EP 2606 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.034 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200028 ER PT J AU Babcock, E Boag, S Andersen, KH Becker, M Beecham, C Bordenave, F Chastagnier, J Chen, WC Chung, R Chupp, TE Elmore, S Fouilloux, P Gentile, TR Jullien, D Lelievre-Berna, E Mouveau, P Petoukhov, A Revert, M Soldner, T AF Babcock, E. Boag, S. Andersen, K. H. Becker, M. Beecham, C. Bordenave, F. Chastagnier, J. Chen, W. C. Chung, R. Chupp, T. E. Elmore, S. Fouilloux, P. Gentile, T. R. Jullien, D. Lelievre-Berna, E. Mouveau, P. Petoukhov, A. Revert, M. Soldner, T. TI In-situ SEOP polarizer and initial tests on a high flux neutron beam SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture DE Helium; Neutron; Optical pumping; Polarization; Spin filter ID HE-3 SPIN FILTERS; SCATTERING; TARGET AB Polarized (3)He has shown its unique characteristics in many areas of polarized neutron scattering, its ability to polarize neutrons at short wavelengths, accept wide-angle and divergent beams and low backgrounds enable new classes of experiments. While polarized (3)He is not a steady state solution as commonly applied, the benefits have been shown to offset the drawbacks of polarizing and refreshing the polarization in the neutron spin filter cells. As an extension of this work, in-situ polarization using the spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) method was explored as a means to construct a system which could be used to polarize (3)He in the state used for an effective neutron spin filter to constant polarization while on the neutron beam. An in-situ SEOP polarizer was constructed. This device utilized many devices and principles developed for neutron spin filters which are polarized off the beam line using either SEOP or metastability exchange optical pumping (MEOP) under the same research program. As a collimation of this work effects of extremely high neutron capture flux density >1 x 10(10) cm(-2) s(-1) incident on the in-situ polarizer were explored. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Babcock, E.] Jeulich Ctr Neutron Sci, Garching, Germany. [Babcock, E.; Andersen, K. H.; Becker, M.; Beecham, C.; Bordenave, F.; Chastagnier, J.; Chung, R.; Fouilloux, P.; Jullien, D.; Lelievre-Berna, E.; Mouveau, P.; Petoukhov, A.; Revert, M.; Soldner, T.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Boag, S.; Beecham, C.; Elmore, S.] ISIS, Didcot OX11 QX, Oxon, England. [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chupp, T. E.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Babcock, E (reprint author), Jeulich Ctr Neutron Sci, Garching, Germany. EM e.babcock@fz-juelich.de RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011 OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2655 EP 2658 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.041 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200041 ER PT J AU Boag, S Babcock, E Andersen, KH Becker, M Charlton, TR Chen, WC Dalgliesh, RM Elmore, SD Frost, CD Gentile, TR Anton, RL Parnell, SR Petoukhov, AK Skoda, MWA Soldner, T AF Boag, S. Babcock, E. Andersen, K. H. Becker, M. Charlton, T. R. Chen, W. C. Dalgliesh, R. M. Elmore, S. D. Frost, C. D. Gentile, T. R. Lopez Anton, R. Parnell, S. R. Petoukhov, A. K. Skoda, M. W. A. Soldner, T. TI In situ SEOP polarised He-3 neutron spin filter for incident beam polarisation and polarisation analysis on neutron scattering instruments SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture DE Polarised neutrons; Neutron spin filter; In situ pumping ID CELLS AB We discuss the development and characterisation of a new in situ spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) based He-3 neutron spin filter polarisation device. We present results from a recent test of the prototype system developed with the Institut Laue-Langevin. The polariser was installed on the polarised reflectometer CRISP at ISIS in the analyser position. The He-3 was pumped continuously in situ on the beamline. The system also integrated a He-3 adiabatic fast passage spin flipper that allowed reversal of the He-3 and therefore neutron polarisation state, allowing for measurement of all four polarisation cross-sections. The system was run for a number of days reaching a He-3 polarisation of 63%. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boag, S.; Charlton, T. R.; Dalgliesh, R. M.; Elmore, S. D.; Frost, C. D.; Lopez Anton, R.; Skoda, M. W. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Babcock, E.; Andersen, K. H.; Becker, M.; Petoukhov, A. K.; Soldner, T.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Babcock, E.] Julich Ctr Neutron Sci FRM II, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lopez Anton, R.] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, ICMA, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Parnell, S. R.] Univ Sheffield, Acad Unit Radiol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. RP Boag, S (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM s.boag@rl.ac.uk RI Lopez Anton, Ricardo/A-7908-2008; Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011; Parnell, Steven/J-4574-2013 OI Lopez Anton, Ricardo/0000-0001-5958-0634; Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075; NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2659 EP 2662 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.039 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200042 ER PT J AU Chen, WC Erwin, R McIver, JW Watson, S Fu, CB Gentile, TR Borchers, JA Lynn, JW Jones, GL AF Chen, W. C. Erwin, R. McIver, J. W., III Watson, S. Fu, C. B. Gentile, T. R. Borchers, J. A. Lynn, J. W. Jones, G. L. TI Applications of He-3 neutron spin filters at the NCNR SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigations/2nd International Symposium of Quantum Beam Science Directorate CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Tokai, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Neutron Sci, Magnet Soc Japan, Ibaraki Prefecture DE He-3 NSF; TAS; SANS; Wide-angle; Polarization analysis; He-3 flipping ID POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETER; SANS AB At the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), we have applied He-3 neutron spin filters (NSFs) to the instruments where He-3 NSFs are advantageous, such as thermal triple-axis spectrometry, small-angle neutron scattering, and diffuse reflectometry. We present the status of our development and application of this method, including polarized gas production by spin-exchange optical pumping, magnetostatic cavities for storage of the polarized gas on the beam line, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based, on-line monitoring and reversal of the He-3 polarization. We present the status of developing user-friendly interfaces incorporated into the instrument software to handle these He-3 neutron spin filters while taking data and performing data analysis. Finally we discuss the status of development of a polarization capability on the multi-axis crystal spectrometer, which requires polarization analysis over a 220 degrees angular range. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, W. C.; Erwin, R.; McIver, J. W., III; Watson, S.; Fu, C. B.; Gentile, T. R.; Borchers, J. A.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, W. C.; Fu, C. B.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. RP Chen, WC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wcchen@nist.gov RI Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 404 IS 17 BP 2663 EP 2666 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2009.06.040 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 498EQ UT WOS:000270120200043 ER PT J AU Babcock, E Boag, S Becker, M Chen, WC Chupp, TE Gentile, TR Jones, GL Petukhov, AK Soldner, T Walker, TG AF Babcock, E. Boag, S. Becker, M. Chen, W. C. Chupp, T. E. Gentile, T. R. Jones, G. L. Petukhov, A. K. Soldner, T. Walker, T. G. TI Effects of high-flux neutron beams on He-3 cells polarized in situ with spin-exchange optical pumping SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER; HIGH-PRESSURE; HIGH-DENSITY; NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; FILTER; GAS; LASER; TARGETS; RELAXATION; SCATTERING AB Polarized He-3 produced by spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) has potential as a neutron spin filter for polarization and polarization analysis in many neutron-scattering and neutron particle physics applications. The advantage of the SEOP method is its suitability for providing continuous stable polarization over the course of long experiments. However, we have discovered that exposure to high neutron flux leads to additional strong relaxation mechanisms in the optically polarized alkali-metal vapor used to polarize the He-3. At a neutron flux density of 4.7 x 10(9) cm(-2) s(-1), the alkali-metal relaxation rate increased from 100 to 1000 s(-1) leading to reduced alkali-metal polarization. Other effects such as time dependence and gas composition dependence were explored to help understand the processes. In this paper we discuss our observations and present possible solutions for practical use of SEOP as a neutron spin filter for high-flux density applications. C1 [Babcock, E.] Juelich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Babcock, E.; Becker, M.; Petukhov, A. K.; Soldner, T.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Boag, S.] ISIS, Didcot OX11 QX, Oxon, England. [Chen, W. C.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chupp, T. E.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Walker, T. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Babcock, E (reprint author), Juelich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM e.babcock@fz-juelich.de RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011; Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014 OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075; Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351 FU European Commission [RII3-CT-2003-505925]; U. S. Department of Energy FX We would like to thank the ILL Millennium Program and the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme through the Key Action: Strengthening the European Research Area, Research Infrastructures, Contract No. RII3-CT-2003-505925 for funding this work and the in situ SEOP apparatus. We also greatly acknowledge Ken Andersen and the technical support of the ILL 3He group, IN22 staff, and the glass shops at Heidelberg University and NIST as well as the members of the NPDGamma collaboration whose kind communication enabled us to prepare for this experiment. The contributions of T. R. G. (NIST) and W. C. C. (Indiana University) were partially supported by the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 033414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.033414 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 501LR UT WOS:000270383900123 ER PT J AU Geraci, AA Kitching, J AF Geraci, Andrew A. Kitching, John TI Ultracold mechanical resonators coupled to atoms in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We propose an experiment utilizing an array of cooled microcantilevers coupled to a sample of ultracold atoms trapped near a microfabricated surface. The cantilevers allow individual lattice site addressing for atomic state control and readout, and potentially may be useful in optical lattice quantum computation schemes. Assuming resonators can be cooled to their vibrational ground state, the implementation of a two-qubit controlled-NOT gate with atomic internal states and the motional states of the resonator is described. We also consider a protocol for entangling two or more cantilevers on the atom chip with different resonance frequencies, using the trapped atoms as an intermediary. Although similar experiments could be carried out with magnetic microchip traps, the optical confinement scheme we consider may exhibit reduced near-field magnetic noise and decoherence. Prospects for using this system for tests of quantum mechanics at macroscopic scales or quantum information processing are discussed. C1 [Geraci, Andrew A.; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geraci, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM aageraci@boulder.nist.gov OI Kitching, John/0000-0002-4540-1954 FU NRC FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with E. Knill, D. Wineland, J. Home, and A. Ludlow. A. A. G. acknowledges support from the NRC. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 032317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.032317 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 501LR UT WOS:000270383900058 ER PT J AU Mathey, L Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS Clark, CW AF Mathey, L. Tiesinga, Eite Julienne, Paul S. Clark, Charles W. TI Collisional cooling of ultracold-atom ensembles using Feshbach resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; THRESHOLD; GAS AB We propose a cooling mechanism for ultracold fermionic atom ensembles, which capitalizes on the energy dependence of inelastic collisions near a Feshbach resonance. We first discuss a single magnetic resonance and find that the final temperature and cooling rate is limited by the resonance width. A concrete example for a p-wave resonance of (40)K is given. We then improve upon this setup by using both a sharp optical or radio-frequency-induced resonance and a broad magnetic resonance and show that one can improve upon temperatures reached with current technologies. C1 [Mathey, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mathey, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU NSF [PHY-0822671]; NRC/NIST FX This work was supported by NSF under Physics Frontier Grant No. PHY-0822671. L. M. acknowledges support from NRC/NIST. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 030702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.030702 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 501LR UT WOS:000270383900007 ER PT J AU Olsen, ML Perreault, JD Cumby, TD Jin, DS AF Olsen, M. L. Perreault, J. D. Cumby, T. D. Jin, D. S. TI Coherent atom-molecule oscillations in a Bose-Fermi mixture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; COLD MOLECULES; GAS AB We create atom-molecule superpositions in a Bose-Fermi mixture of (87)Rb and (40)K atoms. The superpositions are generated by ramping an applied magnetic field near an interspecies Fano-Feshbach resonance to coherently couple atom and molecule states. Rabi- and Ramsey-type experiments show oscillations in the molecule population that persist as long as 150 mu s and have up to 50% contrast. The frequencies of these oscillations are magnetic-field dependent and consistent with the predicted molecule binding energy. This quantum superposition involves a molecule and a pair of free particles with different statistics (i.e., bosons and fermions) and furthers exploration of atom-molecule coherence in systems without a Bose-Einstein condensate. C1 [Olsen, M. L.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Olsen, ML (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM johndp@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NIST; NSF; NRC Research Associateship Award at NIST. FX We thank C. H. Greene, E. A. Cornell, and the JILA BEC group for useful discussions. We acknowledge funding from NIST and NSF. J. D. P. acknowledges support from a NRC Research Associateship Award at NIST. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 030701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.030701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 501LR UT WOS:000270383900006 ER PT J AU Haney, PM Stiles, MD AF Haney, Paul M. Stiles, M. D. TI Magnetic dynamics with spin-transfer torques near the Curie temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Curie temperature; ferromagnetic materials; fluctuations; III-V semiconductors; magnetic thin films; magnetisation; semiconductor thin films; semimagnetic semiconductors; spin valves ID FERROMAGNETISM; METALS AB We use atomistic, stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Slonczewski simulations to study the interaction between large thermal fluctuations and spin-transfer torques in the magnetic layers of spin valves. At temperatures near the Curie temperature T(C), spin currents measurably change the size of the magnetization (i.e., there is a longitudinal spin-transfer effect). The change in magnetization of the free magnetic layer in a spin valve modifies the temperature dependence of the applied field-applied current phase diagram for temperatures near T(C). These atomistic simulations can be accurately described by a Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch+Slonczewski equation, which is a thermally averaged mean-field theory. We use this equation to find the stability phase diagram of a ferromagnetic layer near its Curie temperature. Both the simulation and the mean-field theory show that a longitudinal spin-transfer effect can be a substantial fraction of the magnetization close to T(C). C1 [Haney, Paul M.; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haney, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 9 AR 094418 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.094418 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 501LI UT WOS:000270383000064 ER PT J AU Savici, AT Granroth, GE Broholm, CL Pajerowski, DM Brown, CM Talham, DR Meisel, MW Schmidt, KP Uhrig, GS Nagler, SE AF Savici, A. T. Granroth, G. E. Broholm, C. L. Pajerowski, D. M. Brown, C. M. Talham, D. R. Meisel, M. W. Schmidt, K. P. Uhrig, G. S. Nagler, S. E. TI Neutron scattering evidence for isolated spin-1/2 ladders in (C5D12N)(2)CuBr4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERTURBATION-THEORY; DYNAMICS; MODELS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; EXPANSIONS; COMPOUND; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS AB Inelastic neutron scattering was used to determine the spin Hamiltonian for the singlet ground-state system of fully deuterated BPCB, (C5D12N)(2)CuBr4. A two-leg spin-1/2 ladder model, with J(perpendicular to) = (1.09 +/- 0.01) meV and J(parallel to) = (0.296 +/- 0.005) meV, accurately describes the data. The experimental limit on the effective interladder exchange constant is vertical bar J(int)(eff)vertical bar less than or similar to 0.006 meV, and the limit on total diagonal, intraladder exchange is vertical bar J(F)+J(F')vertical bar <= 0.1 meV. Including the effects of copper to bromide covalent spin transfer on the magnetic form factor, the experimental ratios of intraladder bond energies are consistent with the predictions of continuous unitary transformation. C1 [Savici, A. T.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Granroth, G. E.; Nagler, S. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Broholm, C. L.; Brown, C. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pajerowski, D. M.; Meisel, M. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pajerowski, D. M.; Meisel, M. W.] Univ Florida, NHMFL, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Talham, D. R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmidt, K. P.; Uhrig, G. S.] Lehrstuhl Theoret Phys 1, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RP Savici, AT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM saviciat@ornl.gov RI Schmidt, Kai /C-7286-2009; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Uhrig, Gotz/F-4940-2011; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Schmidt, Kai Phillip/0000-0002-8278-8238; Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU NSF [DMR-0454672]; CLB and ATS [DMR-0603126]; DMP and MWM [DMR-0701400]; DRT [DMR-0453362]; U.S. Department of Energy under [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; ESF and EuroHorcs FX The authors thank T. E. Sherline and J. R. D. Copley for technical assistance during the experiment and D. A. Jensen for generating the samples. We also thank Y. Qiu for help in extracting data from the DAVE software package. We acknowledge helpful comments from C. Ruegg. The NSF funds the NCNR under Agreement No. DMR-0454672, CLB and ATS through Grant No. DMR-0603126, DMP and MWM through Grant No. DMR-0701400, DRT through DMR-0453362, and the NHMFL via cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. K. P. S. acknowledges ESF and EuroHorcs for funding through his EURYI. GSU acknowledges the support of the Heinrich-Hertz Stiftung NRW for his leave. ATS appreciates the hospitality afforded to him as a visiting scientist in the Neutron Scattering Sciences Division at ORNL. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 9 AR 094411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.094411 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 501LI UT WOS:000270383000057 ER PT J AU Singh, Y Green, MA Huang, Q Kreyssig, A McQueeney, RJ Johnston, DC Goldman, AI AF Singh, Yogesh Green, M. A. Huang, Q. Kreyssig, A. McQueeney, R. J. Johnston, D. C. Goldman, A. I. TI Magnetic order in BaMn2As2 from neutron diffraction measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BA; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTAL; A=SR; SB AB Neutron diffraction measurements have been performed on a powder sample of BaMn2As2 over the temperature T range from 10 to 675 K. These measurements demonstrate that this compound exhibits collinear antiferromagnetic ordering below the Neel temperature T-N=625(1) K. The ordered moment mu = 3.88(4)mu(B)/Mn at T = 10 K is oriented along the c axis and the magnetic structure is G type, with all nearest-neighbor Mn moments antiferromagnetically aligned. The value of the ordered moment indicates that the oxidation state of Mn is Mn2+ with a high spin S=5/2. The T dependence of mu suggests that the magnetic transition is second order in nature. In contrast to the closely related AFe(2)As(2) (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, and Eu) compounds, no structural distortion is observed in the magnetically ordered state of BaMn2As2. Our results indicate that while next-nearest-neighbor interactions are important in the AFe(2)As(2) materials, nearest-neighbor interactions are dominant in BaMn2As2. C1 [Singh, Yogesh; Kreyssig, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Johnston, D. C.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singh, Yogesh; Kreyssig, A.; McQueeney, R. J.; Johnston, D. C.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Green, M. A.; Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.; Huang, Q.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Singh, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; singh, yogesh/F-7160-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 34 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 10 AR 100403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.100403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 501LJ UT WOS:000270383100005 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, GY Xu, ZJ Lin, ZW Li, Q Ratcliff, W Gu, G Tranquada, JM AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Xu, Zhijun Lin, Zhi Wei Li, Qiang Ratcliff, W. Gu, Genda Tranquada, J. M. TI Short-range incommensurate magnetic order near the superconducting phase boundary in Fe(1+delta)Te(1-x)Sex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; 43 K; LAO1-XFXFEAS; SMFEASO1-XFX; COEXISTENCE; COMPOUND; DIAGRAM AB We performed elastic neutron-scattering and magnetization measurements on Fe1.07Te0.75Se0.25 and FeTe0.7Se0.3. Short-range incommensurate magnetic order is observed in both samples. In the former sample with higher Fe content, a broad magnetic peak appears around (0.46,0,0.5) at low temperature, while in FeTe0.7Se0.3, the broad magnetic peak is found to be closer to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) wave vector (0.5,0,0.5). The incommensurate peaks are only observed on one side of the AFM wave vector for both samples, which can be modeled in terms of an imbalance of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic correlations between nearest-neighbor spins. We also find that with higher Se (and lower Fe) concentration, the magnetic order becomes weaker while the superconducting temperature and volume increase. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Xu, Zhijun; Lin, Zhi Wei; Li, Qiang; Gu, Genda; Tranquada, J. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Ratcliff, W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 10 AR 104506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.104506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 501LJ UT WOS:000270383100089 ER PT J AU Inoue, R Kanaya, T Nishida, K Tsukushi, I Telling, MTF Gabrys, BJ Tyagi, M Soles, C Wu, WI AF Inoue, R. Kanaya, T. Nishida, K. Tsukushi, I. Telling, M. T. F. Gabrys, B. J. Tyagi, M. Soles, C. Wu, W. -I. TI Glass transition and molecular mobility in polymer thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROMETER; RELAXATION; SIZE AB Extensive studies on polymer thin films to date have revealed their interesting but unusual properties such as film thickness dependence of glass transition temperature T(g) and thermal expansivity. Recent studies have shown that the lower T(g) is not always related to the higher mobility in polymer thin films, which contradicts our current understanding of the glass transition process. In this work, we report the results of inelastic neutron-scattering measurements on polystyrene thin films using two spectrometers with different energy resolutions as well as ellipsometry measurements. The results are interpreted in terms of cooperatively rearranging region and motional slowing down due to the surface effect that explain plausibly the anomalous relationship between the glass transition temperature T(g) and the molecular mobility in thin films. C1 [Inoue, R.; Kanaya, T.; Nishida, K.] Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Tsukushi, I.] Chiba Inst Technol, Narashino, Chiba 2750023, Japan. [Telling, M. T. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gabrys, B. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Tyagi, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurtron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Soles, C.; Wu, W. -I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kanaya, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM kanaya@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Telling, Mark/F-3294-2014 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 031802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.031802 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 501LM UT WOS:000270383400098 PM 19905138 ER PT J AU Martys, NS Lootens, D George, W Hebraud, P AF Martys, Nicos S. Lootens, Didier George, William Hebraud, Pascal TI Contact and stress anisotropies in start-up flow of colloidal suspensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATIVE-PARTICLE-DYNAMICS; YIELD-STRESS; RHEOLOGY; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATION AB Spatiotemporal correlations in start-up flows of attractive colloids are explored by numerical simulations as a function of their volume fraction and shear rate. The suspension is first allowed to flocculate during a time t(w), then the stress necessary to induce its flow is computed. We find that, at low volume fractions, the stress is a universal function of the strain. On the contrary, at high volume fractions, this scaling behavior is no longer observed and a supplementary stress becomes necessary to induce flow. To better understand the physical origin of the supplementary stress, we examine the creation, disruption, and orientation of contacts between the particles and the corresponding contribution to stress as a function of strain. Our simulations show that the onset of flow is dominated by the creation of contacts between the particles at low shear rates and by their disruption at high shear rates. However, neither the evolution of the number of contacts with strain nor their orientation can fully account for the nonscaling behavior of the stress at high volume fractions. At small strains, the relative importance of forcing in the compression quadrant increases with volume fraction and with flocculation time. This mechanism of stress transmission through the compression quadrant is not accounted for in the usual description of yield stress, which considers the breaking of bonds oriented in the extension quadrant. C1 [Martys, Nicos S.; George, William] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lootens, Didier] SIKA Technol AG, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hebraud, Pascal] IPCMS, UMR 7504, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NASA Ames Research Center [SMD-05-A-0129]; U.S. Department of Energy [AC0206CH11357] FX We would like to gratefully acknowledge support from the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory Consor-SMD-05-A-0129, " Modeling the Rheological Properties of Suspensions: Applications to Cement Based Materials" for NASA's National Leadership Computing System Initiative on the " Columbia" supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 031401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.031401 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 501LM UT WOS:000270383400070 PM 19905110 ER PT J AU Nagao, M AF Nagao, Michihiro TI Observation of local thickness fluctuations in surfactant membranes using neutron spin echo SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; LIPID-BILAYERS; DROPLET MICROEMULSIONS; AMPHIPHILIC SURFACES; UNDULATIONS; FORCES; SPECTROSCOPY; ELASTICITY; HYDRATION; PHASES AB Experimental evidence of local thickness fluctuations of a surfactant membrane, as observed by neutron scattering, is reported. A swollen lamellar structure consisting of nonionic surfactant, water, and oil was investigated by neutron spin echo spectroscopy. Different dynamical processes are recognized at three different length scales. At length scales larger than the membrane thickness, the bending motion is observed, which follows the Zilman and Granek theory [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4788 (1996)]. At the length scale corresponding to the membrane thickness, a clear excess dynamics in addition to the bending motion is observed. This mode is interpreted as the local thickness fluctuations. At even shorter length scales, smaller than the membrane thickness, intramembrane dynamics such as protrusion motions may have been observed. C1 [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The author acknowledges A. Faraone for his critical reading of the paper, D. Neumann, and H. Seto for discussions, and P. Butler and S. R. Kline for their help in performing the SANS experiment. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 031606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.031606 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 501LM UT WOS:000270383400082 PM 19905122 ER PT J AU Santer, BD Taylor, KE Gleckler, PJ Bonfils, C Barnett, TP Pierce, DW Wigley, TML Mears, C Wentz, FJ Bruggemann, W Gillett, NP Klein, SA Solomon, S Stott, PA Wehner, MF AF Santer, B. D. Taylor, K. E. Gleckler, P. J. Bonfils, C. Barnett, T. P. Pierce, D. W. Wigley, T. M. L. Mears, C. Wentz, F. J. Brueggemann, W. Gillett, N. P. Klein, S. A. Solomon, S. Stott, P. A. Wehner, M. F. TI Incorporating model quality information in climate change detection and attribution studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate modeling; multimodel database; water vapor ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS; GLOBAL CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ENSEMBLE; TRENDS AB In a recent multimodel detection and attribution (D&A) study using the pooled results from 22 different climate models, the simulated "fingerprint" pattern of anthropogenically caused changes in water vapor was identifiable with high statistical confidence in satellite data. Each model received equal weight in the D&A analysis, despite large differences in the skill with which they simulate key aspects of observed climate. Here, we examine whether water vapor D&A results are sensitive to model quality. The "top10" and "bottom 10" models are selected with three different sets of skill measures and two different ranking approaches. The entire D&A analysis is then repeated with each of these different sets of more or less skillful models. Our performance metrics include the ability to simulate the mean state, the annual cycle, and the variability associated with El Nino. We find that estimates of an anthropogenic water vapor fingerprint are insensitive to current model uncertainties, and are governed by basic physical processes that are well-represented in climate models. Because the fingerprint is both robust to current model uncertainties and dissimilar to the dominant noise patterns, our ability to identify an anthropogenic influence on observed multidecadal changes in water vapor is not affected by "screening" based on model quality. C1 [Santer, B. D.; Taylor, K. E.; Gleckler, P. J.; Bonfils, C.; Klein, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Barnett, T. P.; Pierce, D. W.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wigley, T. M. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mears, C.; Wentz, F. J.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. [Brueggemann, W.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Unternehmensforsch, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Gillett, N. P.] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Solomon, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst, Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stott, P. A.] UK Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Wehner, M. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Santer, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM santer1@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Bonfils, Celine/H-2356-2012; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Bonfils, Celine/0000-0002-4674-5708; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; FU Department of Energy and Climate Change/Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [GA01101]; Ministry of Defense Integrated Climate [CBC/2B/0417_Annex C] FX We thank Gabi Hegerl ( University of Edinburgh) and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on the paper, the modeling groups for providing simulation output for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison for collecting and archiving these data, and the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling for organizing the model data analysis activity. The CMIP-3 multimodel dataset was supported by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ERSST data were provided by Dick Reynolds at the National Climatic Data Center. P. A. S. was supported by the joint Department of Energy and Climate Change/Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (GA01101) and Ministry of Defense Integrated Climate (CBC/2B/0417_Annex C) Program. NR 33 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 35 BP 14778 EP 14783 DI 10.1073/pnas.0901736106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490EM UT WOS:000269481000011 PM 19706477 ER PT J AU Richardson, DE Llopiz, JK Leaman, KD Vertes, PS Muller-Karger, FE Cowen, RK AF Richardson, David E. Llopiz, Joel K. Leaman, Kevin D. Vertes, Peter S. Muller-Karger, Frank E. Cowen, Robert K. TI Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) spawning and larval environment in a Florida Current frontal eddy SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; MARINE FISH LARVAE; GULF-STREAM RING; SPIN-OFF EDDIES; BLUEFIN TUNA; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN; GROWTH; SEA AB Fronts and eddies are widely hypothesized to be critical spawning habitat for large pelagic fishes, due to increased larval and/or adult feeding opportunities at these features. We examined sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) spawning around a cyclonic, submesoscale (similar to 13 x 7 km) Florida Current frontal eddy. The temporal progression of eddy dynamics over a 65 h period was determined using ocean color satellite imagery, continuous surface measurements along the cruise track, and non-linear least-squares fitting of the positions of three drifters deployed within the eddy. A peak in larval sailfish densities (n = 2435, stations = 49), composed primarily of yolk-sac and first-feeding larvae, occurred at the eddy frontal zone. A majority of these larvae were estimated to have been spawned during the formation of the eddy. A comparison between the distribution of similar-age sailfish and scombrid larvae indicated that the peak in larval sailfish density likely resulted from spawning directly at the front, rather than transport by convergent flow. The first-feeding prey items of larval sailfish (Farranula and Corycaeus copepods) were most abundant at the frontal zone and to a lesser extent inside the eddy. Egg distributions were used to indirectly assess the distribution of adult sailfish prey items. Euthynnus alleteratus and Auxis spp. eggs were in highest abundance outside the eddy, while the eggs of small carangids were in highest abundance at the eddy frontal zone. Overall, this study indicates that sailfish spawn at small-scale oceanographic features that provide a favorable feeding environment for their larvae and potentially also for the adults. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Richardson, David E.; Llopiz, Joel K.; Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Leaman, Kevin D.; Vertes, Peter S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Meteorol & Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank E.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Richardson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM David.Richardson@noaa.gov OI Llopiz, Joel/0000-0002-7584-7471 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0136132]; Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission [Billfish-2005-017]; Large Pelagics Research Center at the University of New Hampshire (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) [NAO4NMF4550391]; University of Miami Maytag Fellowship; Harding Michel Memorial Fellowship; Captain Harry Vernon Scholarship FX Sample collection and processing benefited greatly from the assistance of C. Guigand, A. Exum, J. VanWye, L. Gundlach, S. Trbovich, the captain and crew of the R/V F.G. Walton Smith, and many others. S. Sponaugle and K. Denit provided the otolith age data. Discussions with A. Bakun, S. Sponaugle, J. Serafy, E. Prince, J. Kool, T. Lee, N. Shay, and C. Paris improved the manuscript substantially. This study was supported by grants to R.K.C., S. Sponaugle, K. L., S. Smith, and D. Olson from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0136132), R.K.C. and S. Sponaugle from the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (Billfish-2005-017), and R.K.C. from the Large Pelagics Research Center at the University of New Hampshire (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award NAO4NMF4550391). Additional support came from a University of Miami Maytag Fellowship, the Harding Michel Memorial Fellowship and the Captain Harry Vernon Scholarship to D.E.R. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 82 IS 4 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.003 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 528FR UT WOS:000272428200003 ER PT J AU Macdonald, AM Mecking, S Robbins, PE Toole, JM Johnson, GC Talley, L Cook, M Wijffels, SE AF Macdonald, A. M. Mecking, S. Robbins, P. E. Toole, J. M. Johnson, G. C. Talley, L. Cook, M. Wijffels, S. E. TI The WOCE-era 3-D Pacific Ocean circulation and heat budget SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; TRANSPACIFIC HYDROGRAPHIC SECTIONS; WESTERN-BOUNDARY CURRENT; SOUTH ATLANTIC-OCEAN; 43 DEGREES S; NORTH PACIFIC; WORLD OCEAN; FLOW PATTERNS; GLOBAL OCEAN AB To address questions concerning the intensity and spatial structure of the three-dimensional circulation within the Pacific Ocean and the associated advective and diffusive property flux divergences, data from approximately 3000 high-quality hydrographic stations collected on 40 zonal and meridional cruises have been merged into a physically consistent model. The majority of the stations were occupied as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), which took place in the 1990s. These data are supplemented by a few pre-WOCE surveys of similar quality, and time-averaged direct-velocity and historical hydrographic measurements about the equator. An inverse box model formalism is employed to estimate the absolute along-isopycnal velocity field, the magnitude and spatial distribution of the associated diapycnal flow and the corresponding diapycnal advective and diffusive property flux divergences. The resulting large-scale WOCE Pacific circulation can be described as two shallow overturning cells at mid- to low latitudes, one in each hemisphere, and a single deep cell which brings abyssal waters from the Southern Ocean into the Pacific where they upwell across isopycnals and are returned south as deep waters. Upwelling is seen to occur throughout most of the basin with generally larger dianeutral transport and greater mixing occurring at depth. The derived pattern of ocean heat transport divergence is compared to published results based on air-sea flux estimates. The synthesis suggests a strongly east/west oriented pattern of air-sea heat flux with heat loss to the atmosphere throughout most of the western basins, and a gain of heat throughout the tropics extending poleward through the eastern basins. The calculated meridional heat transport agrees well with previous hydrographic estimates. Consistent with many of the climatologies at a variety of latitudes as well, our meridional heat transport estimates tend toward lower values in both hemispheres. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Macdonald, A. M.; Robbins, P. E.; Toole, J. M.; Cook, M.] WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02563 USA. [Mecking, S.] Univ Washington, APL, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Johnson, G. C.] NOAA, DOC, PMEL, OCRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wijffels, S. E.] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Talley, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, SIO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Macdonald, AM (reprint author), WHOI, Clark 3,MS 21,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02563 USA. EM amacdonald@whoi.edu; smecking@apl.wa-shington.edu; probbins@whoi.edu; jtoole@whoi.edu; Gregory.C.Johnson@noaa.gov; lynne@gyre.ucsd.edu; mcook@whoi.edu; Susan.Wijffels@csiro.au RI Wijffels, Susan/I-8215-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 133 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 82 IS 4 BP 281 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.08.002 PG 45 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 528FR UT WOS:000272428200005 ER PT J AU Boixo, S Knill, E Somma, R AF Boixo, Sergio Knill, Emanuel Somma, Rolando TI EIGENPATH TRAVERSAL BY PHASE RANDOMIZATION SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Adiabatic theorem; Zeno effect; dynamical decoupling; randomization ID QUANTUM; PARADOX AB A computation in adiabatic quantum computing is implemented by traversing a path of nondegenerate eigenstates of a continuous family of Hamiltonians. We introduce a method that; traverses a discretized form of the path: At each step we apply the instantaneous Hamiltonian for a random time. The resulting decoherence approximates a projective measurement onto the desired eigenstate, achieving a version of the quantum Zeno effect. If negative evolution times can be implemented with constant overhead, then the average absolute evolution time required by our method is O(L-2/Delta) for constant error probability, where L is the length of the path of eigenstates and Delta is the minimum spectral gap of the Hamiltonian. The dependence of the cost on Delta is optimal. Making explicit the dependence on the path length is useful for cases where L is much less than the general bound. The complexity of our method has a logarithmic improvement over previous algorithms of this type. The same cost applies to the discrete-time case, where a family of unitary operators is given and each unitary and its inverse can be used. Restriction to positive evolution times incurs an error that decreases exponentially with the cost. Applications of this method to unstructured search and quantum sampling are considered. In particular, we discuss the quantum simulated annealing algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. This algorithm provides a quadratic speed-up in the gap of the stochastic matrix over its classical counterpart implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo. C1 [Boixo, Sergio] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Knill, Emanuel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Somma, Rolando] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. RP Boixo, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. FU Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; Government of Canada through Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation; National Science Foundation [PHY-0803371]; Institute for Quantum Information at the California Institute of Technology; NIST, an agency of the US government; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We thank Howard Barnum for discussions. This work was supported by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation. This work was also supported by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0803371 through the Institute for Quantum Information at the California Institute of Technology. Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the US government, are not subject to copyright laws. SB thanks the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory for support during the initial stages of this work. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 9-10 BP 833 EP 855 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 484MV UT WOS:000269050200007 ER PT J AU Ghosh, T Anderson, S Powell, RL Sutton, PC Elvidge, CD AF Ghosh, Tilottama Anderson, Sharolyn Powell, Rebecca L. Sutton, Paul C. Elvidge, Christopher D. TI Estimation of Mexico's Informal Economy and Remittances Using Nighttime Imagery SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE nighttime satellite imagery; informal economy; gross national income; gross domestic product; globalization; law of allometric growth AB Accurate estimates of the magnitude and spatial distribution of both formal and informal economic activity have many useful applications. Developing alternative methods for making estimates of these economic activities may prove to be useful when other measures are of suspect accuracy or unavailable. This research explores the potential for estimating the formal and informal economy for Mexico using known relationships between the spatial patterns of nighttime satellite imagery and economic activity in the United States (U.S.). Regression models have been developed between spatial patterns of nighttime imagery and Adjusted Official Gross State Product (AGSP) for the U.S. states. These regression parameters derived from the regression models of the U.S. were 'blindly' applied to Mexico to estimate the Estimated Gross State Income (EGSI) at the sub-national level and the Estimated Gross Domestic Income (EGDI) at the national level. Comparison of the EGDI estimate of Mexico against the official Gross National Income (GNI) estimate suggests that the magnitude of Mexico's informal economy and the inflow of remittances are 150 percent larger than their existing official estimates in the GNI. C1 [Ghosh, Tilottama; Anderson, Sharolyn; Powell, Rebecca L.; Sutton, Paul C.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ghosh, Tilottama; Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ghosh, T (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Geog, 2050 E Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM tghosh@du.edu; sander24@du.edu; rpowell8@du.edu; psutton@du.edu; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov RI Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; anderson, sharolyn/F-4653-2013 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; anderson, sharolyn/0000-0002-9456-0193 NR 58 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 418 EP 444 DI 10.3390/rs1030418 PG 27 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HC UT WOS:000208400500018 ER PT J AU Costa, PR Baugh, KA Wright, B RaLonde, R Nance, SL Tatarenkova, N Etheridge, SM Lefebvre, KA AF Costa, Pedro Reis Baugh, Keri A. Wright, Bruce RaLonde, Raymond Nance, Shelly L. Tatarenkova, Natalia Etheridge, Stacey M. Lefebvre, Kathi A. TI Comparative determination of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) using five different toxin detection methods in shellfish species collected in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO TOXICON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization (PICES) CY OCT 24-NOV 02, 2008 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org DE Paralytic shellfish toxins; Paralytic shellfish poisoning; Saxitoxin ID RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY; POISONING TOXINS; PSP TOXINS; PRECHROMATOGRAPHIC OXIDATION; SAXITOXIN AB Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), a human illness caused by the ingestion of shellfish contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), has been reported in Alaska for decades. These poisoning incidents have resulted in losses to local economies due to shellfish harvest closures. Thus the development of an effective biotoxin monitoring program designed specifically for the remote regions of Alaska would provide protection for public health and allow for a viable shellfish industry. The present study provides data useful for the development of an effective toxin screening protocol by comparing PST levels quantified in shellfish by many of the currently available PST detection techniques. Seven bivalve species were collected along beaches of the Aleutian Islands from June 2006 to September 2007. The concentration of PSTs was quantified and compared using five different analytical methods: the mouse bioassay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), receptor-binding assay, the commercially available Jellett Rapid PSP Test strips, and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved HPLC method proved to be valuable for characterizing the suite of individual PSTs in each species for research purposes, but was not considered practical for rapid toxin screening in remote Alaskan regions due to its time-consuming nature and requirement of expensive equipment and considerable expertise. In the present study, Jellett test strips were shown to be an effective tool for rapid screening, however due to the high percentage of false positives, subsequent validation via AOAC-approved methods would be required to prevent unnecessary closures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Costa, Pedro Reis; Baugh, Keri A.; Nance, Shelly L.; Lefebvre, Kathi A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Biotoxins Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wright, Bruce; Tatarenkova, Natalia] Aleutian Pribilof Isl Assoc, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [RaLonde, Raymond] Alaska Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Etheridge, Stacey M.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Regulatory Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Biotoxins Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kathi.lefebvre@noaa.gov RI Costa, Pedro/F-2192-2011; OI Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-6083-470X; DeGrasse, Stacey/0000-0001-7808-4193 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 54 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.04.023 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 476JS UT WOS:000268436900014 PM 19450616 ER PT J AU Chih, CP AF Chih, Ching-Ping TI Evaluation of the Sampling Efficiency of Three Otolith Sampling Methods for Commercial King Mackerel Fisheries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING AGE COMPOSITION; SIZE; DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECISION; CATCH AB The aims of this study were to (1) compare the efficiency of two widely used otolith sampling methods: the random otolith sampling method (ROS) and the age-length key sampling method (ALK); (2) explore whether a new otolith sampling method, the reweighting method (REW), provides more efficiency than either the ROS or ALK methods and (3) incorporate the concept of effective sample size into sampling design. The REW differs from the ALK in that the REW has, larger sampling intervals and reweights the estimated age-frequency distribution with the length-frequency distribution instead of building an age-length key. Bootstrapping approaches were used to analyze the precision of age-frequency distributions derived with these three methods (I) when otolith samples were sampled directly from a simulated population of king mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla and (2) when king mackerel samples were collected via two-stage cluster sampling, which is the sampling method commonly used in the field. The results showed that when samples were selected directly from the simulated king mackerel population the age-frequency distributions derived from the REW samples had slightly better precision than those estimated from the ROS and ALK samples. However, when cluster sampling was used the efficiency of the REW and ALK greatly exceeded that of the ROS. This is because the nonindependence among fish samples in individual trips makes the effective sample sizes much smaller than the actual sample sizes. The problem of nonindependence of otolith samples can be avoided when the ALK or REW is used. Overcoming the nonindependence problem of the ROS requires a number of otolith samples that can exceed the number needed for the ALK or REW by several times. Thus, the ROS is the least cost-effective among the three sampling methods examined, while the REW provides the best combination of efficiency and flexibility. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chih, CP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ching-ping.chih@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 990 EP 999 DI 10.1577/T08-230.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600005 ER PT J AU Mann, DA Wilson, CD Song, JK Popper, AN AF Mann, David A. Wilson, Christopher D. Song, Jiakun Popper, Arthur N. TI Hearing Sensitivity of the Walleye Pollock SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY DEVICE; AUDITORY-SENSITIVITY; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; GADUS-MORHUA; HAIR CELL; ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; MERLUCCIUS-MERLUCCIUS; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; VESSEL AVOIDANCE AB The hearing abilities of three age-groups (which correspond to size-classes) of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were determined front auditory evoked potentials. Walleye pollock had the best hearing sensitivity from 100 to 200 Hz, with thresholds around 75 dB re: 1 mu Pa. Hearing sensitivity decreased with increasing frequency up to 450 Hz. There was no significant difference in hearing sensitivity between the age-groups, although there was a significant interaction between frequency and age as well as a trend in which the older fish had slightly lower mean thresholds. At the same time, there was it substantial increase in the size of the saccular otolith and associated sensory epithelia of the inner ear, suggesting that it large increase in car size does not lead to it large change in hearing sensitivity. In addition. there was an effect of water temperature on the hearing thresholds at 350 Hz, whereby each degree of temperature (degrees C) increase resulted in an 8.3-dB decrease in hearing threshold. The results suggest that the hearing thresholds of walleye pollock are generally similar to those of other gadid fishes. This knowledge can be used to evaluate the potential impact, in terms of behavioral responses or physiological effects, that various human-generated Sounds (e.g., seismic survey and underwater radiated vessel noise) may have on this species. C1 [Mann, David A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Wilson, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Song, Jiakun; Popper, Arthur N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Popper, Arthur N.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Comparat & Evolutionary Biol Hearing, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mann, DA (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM dmann@marine.usf.edu FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This research was funded by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We thank A. Stoner and C. Ryer of the NMFS, Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program based at the Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center for providing space, fish, and assistance in conducting these experiments. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the NMFS, NOAA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1008 DI 10.1577/T08-052.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600006 ER PT J AU Sanderson, BL Tran, CD Coe, HJ Pelekis, V Steel, EA Reichert, WL AF Sanderson, Beth L. Tran, Chau D. Coe, Holly J. Pelekis, Vija Steel, E. Ashley Reichert, William L. TI Nonlethal Sampling of Fish Caudal Fins Yields Valuable Stable Isotope Data for Threatened and Endangered Fishes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB; ATLANTIC SALMON; TROPHIC PATHWAYS; CHINOOK SALMON; SLIMY SCULPIN; CARBON; DELTA-C-13; SURVIVAL; DELTA-N-15; GROWTH AB Fin clipping is gaining momentum for stable isotope analysis in fish as a nonlethal alternative to lethally collecting dorsal white muscle tissue. The main advantage of fin clipping is the elimination of lethal collection, which thus increases the potential for stable isotope research involving threatened or endangered species. To make comparisons across Studies using different methods. the degree to which fin clips and dorsal muscle are correlated for both delta(15)N and delta(13)C across time and space Must be quantified. We evaluated the efficacy of using caudal fin clips by comparing tissues collected across time (2003-2005). space (21 streams), and body size (fork length. 40-140 mm) for juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. mykiss (rainbow trout and steelhead [anadromous rainbow trout]). We also addressed several analytical and sampling issues to assess the potential benefits and limitations of using fin Clips tor delta(15)N and delta(13)C determination. WC found that the relationship between fill and muscle tissue was consistent across years and streams. On average, delta(15)N was lower in fill tissue than in muscle tissue, whereas delta(13)C was greater in fill tissue. Although the magnitude of the difference between fill and muscle tissue is lower than the thresholds typically used to define trophic level increases, the biological significance of these differences is context dependent. Power analyses indicated that fill and muscle tissue were equal in their ability to detect differences in delta(15)N and delta(13)C in juvenile fish and that larger sample sizes are needed to statistically quantify these differences. Finally,the use of fin clips is not a viable option for smaller Fish (<50 mm) because the majority of the caudal fill is necessary for analysis. Nonetheless. fill clipping does represent a promising nonlethal sampling technique for quantifying delta(15)N and delta(13)C in juvenile salmonids. C1 [Sanderson, Beth L.; Coe, Holly J.; Pelekis, Vija; Steel, E. Ashley; Reichert, William L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Tran, Chau D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Water Resources Program, Coll Grad Studies, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Sanderson, BL (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM beth.sanderson@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [2001-055-00]; NOAA Fisheries FX We thank participants of the Smith College Internship Program, Hutton Junior Fisheries Biology Program, University of Washington Internship Program, and the Watershed Program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) for providing invaluable field and laboratory support. Doug Burrows and other members of the NWFSC stable isotope facility were instrumental in the development of sample processing protocols. We thank Jon Honea and two anonymous reviewers for insightful review of the manuscript. This project was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 2001-055-00) and NOAA Fisheries. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 138 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1177 DI 10.1577/T08-086.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UX UT WOS:000272025600019 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Buchman, M Ginn, T Donnelly, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Buchman, Michael Ginn, Thomas Donnelly, Robert TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Tissue residues; toxicity; field surveys; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs.; PAHs; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine coatings; biocides; ballast water treatment; oil spills; sewage; diseases; abnormalities ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SEDIMENT QUALITY GUIDELINES; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; SPECIES SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; ALGA DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; WATER-ACCOMMODATED FRACTION; SITE-SPECIFIC CONTAMINANTS AB This review covers selected 2008 peer peer-reviewed journal articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The first five sections cover reviews and field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). The last six sections focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, vessel and marine coatings, ballast water treatment, marine debris, oil spills, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, et etc. There is considerable overlap across c. subject areas (e.g. some organotin papers may be cited in the biomarker section). As always, readers should only use this as a guide and must consult the original papers before citing them, including double double-checking units. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Buchman, Michael] NOAA, Key West, FL USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Donnelly, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 206 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 92 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2070 EP 2125 DI 10.2175/106143009X12445568400737 PG 56 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 493RM UT WOS:000269755600038 ER PT J AU Spietz, L Irwin, K Aumentado, J AF Spietz, Lafe Irwin, Kent Aumentado, Jose TI Superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers with over 27 GHz of gain-bandwidth product operated in the 4-8 GHz frequency range SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SQUID; NOISE AB We describe the performance of amplifiers in the 4-8 GHz range using direct current (dc) superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) in a lumped element configuration. We have used external impedance transformers to couple power into and out of the dc SQUIDs. By choosing appropriate values for coupling capacitors, resonator lengths and output component values, we have demonstrated useful gains in several frequency ranges with different bandwidths, showing over 27 GHz of power gain-bandwidth product. In this work, we describe our design for the 4-8 GHz range and present data demonstrating gain, bandwidth, dynamic range, and drift characteristics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3220061] C1 [Spietz, Lafe; Irwin, Kent; Aumentado, Jose] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Spietz, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lafe@nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 9 AR 092505 DI 10.1063/1.3220061 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 492AK UT WOS:000269625800042 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Ryer, CH Knoth, B Stoner, AW AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Ryer, Clifford H. Knoth, Brian Stoner, Allan W. TI Temporal and ontogenetic shifts in habitat use of juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baited camera; Diel behavior; Gulf of Alaska; Habitat selection; Nursery habitat ID ATLANTIC COD; EASTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; COASTAL AREA; SUBSTRATE SELECTION; MARINE NURSERIES; MICROHABITAT USE; INSHORE WATERS; PREDATION RISK; MORHUA L; ABUNDANCE AB Habitat use of age-0 and age-1 juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) was examined in coastal regions in Kodiak Alaska over daily, seasonal and annual scales. Catch data indicated highly variable recruitment to nursery areas, but a strong separation of distribution by depth among age groups. Age-0 cod were most abundant in the shallows (<3 m) whereas age-1 cod were typically found in depths (9.0-13.5 m). In comparison, age-1 saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), another highly abundant gadid in the region, were found in shallower depths where age-0 cod often resided. Age-1 cod Pacific cod made diel lateral movements, moving into shallow regions at night where they co-occurred with age-0 cod to a greater extent. Laboratory light-gradient experiments indicated that age-0 cod tolerated intense lighting (similar to 20-80 mu E m(-2) s(-1)) typical of shallow water regions whereas larger age-1 Pacific cod strongly avoid bright light given the choice. However, while diet data indicate age-1 cod of both species are moderately piscivorous (3% saffron cod: 16% Pacific cod), we found no direct evidence of predation on smaller conspecific cod, possibly due to the low densities of age-0 cod in the year of the diet study. Together, these data suggest that coastal regions continue to serve a nursery function beyond the 1st year of development for juvenile Pacific gadids, and that small-scale temporal and depth partitioning in these regions is a mechanism by which varying cod species and age classes co-occur. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Ryer, Clifford H.; Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Ser, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Ser, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 FU Alaska Regional Office of NOAA Fisheries; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [605] FX This project was supported in part with funding for the study of Essential Fish Habitat from the Alaska Regional Office of NOAA Fisheries and funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) grant #605. We thank R. Gregory and I. Bradbury for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also to Thomas Hurst, Paul Iseri, Eric Munk, and Mara Spencer for providing assistance in the field and laboratory. Boat charters were provided by Tim Tripp and Jan Axel. We also thank Alena Pribyl and Louise Copeman for assistance with video analysis. [SS] NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 377 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2009.06.010 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 487KC UT WOS:000269271300004 ER PT J AU Ma, LJ Slattery, O Chang, TJ Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver Chang, Tiejun Tang, Xiao TI Non-degenerated sequential time-bin entanglement generation using periodically poled KTP waveguide SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; DETECTORS AB We have experimentally implemented a non-degenerate sequential time-bin entangled photon-pair source using a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate waveguide at a clock rate of 1 GHz. The wavelengths of the signal and idler are 895 nm and 1310 nm, which are suitable for local and long distance optical communications, respectively and the 895 nm signal is also suitable for quantum memory research. A silicon avalanche photodiode is used to detect the photons at 895 nm while a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide based up-conversion detector is used to detect the photons at 1310 nm. The measured entangled-photon-pair flux rate is 650 Hz and the fringe visibility for two-photon interference is 79.4% without noise subtraction. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Chang, Tiejun; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lijun.ma@nist.gov; xiao.tang@nist.gov FU NIST FX Authors would like to thank Dr. Qiang Zhang from Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University for useful technical discussions. This research was supported by the NIST quantum information initiative. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 18 BP 15799 EP 15807 DI 10.1364/OE.17.015799 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494AO UT WOS:000269781700044 PM 19724580 ER PT J AU Wang, CQ Fu, WE Li, B Huang, H Soles, C Lin, EK Wu, WL Ho, PS Cresswell, MW AF Wang, Chengqing Fu, Wei-En Li, Bin Huang, Huai Soles, Christopher Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Ho, Paul S. Cresswell, Michael W. TI Small angle X-ray scattering measurements of spatial dependent linewidth in dense nanoline gratings SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Small angle X-ray scattering; Electron beam lithography; Anisotropic wet etching; Linewidth; Silicon wafer; Line gratings ID GRAZING-INCIDENCE; TRUNCATION RODS; DIFFRACTION; SURFACE AB Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to characterize the cross section of nanoline gratings fabricated with electron beam lithography (EBL) patterning followed by anisotropic wet etching into a single crystal silicon substrate. SAXS results at normal incidence clearly bear the signature of positional dependent linewidth within the gratings; such non-uniformity is subsequently confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. The proximity effect of EBL is believed to be the cause of the spatial variations of linewidth. To quantitatively fit the SAXS results the linewidth near the periphery of the patterned field needs to be 80% greater than that in the central region, whereas the cross section of nanolines can be modeled as a simple rectangular shape, as expected from the anisotropic wet etching process. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, Chengqing; Soles, Christopher; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fu, Wei-En] Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Li, Bin; Huang, Huai; Ho, Paul S.] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Cresswell, Michael W.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06H11357] FX This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Program. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06H11357. The authors are grateful to Mr. Kwang-Woo Choi of Intel for his assistance in SEM measurements. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 20 BP 5844 EP 5847 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.040 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467GB UT WOS:000267725100010 ER PT J AU Victor, BC Hanner, R Shivji, M Hyde, J Caldow, C AF Victor, Benjamin C. Hanner, Robert Shivji, Mahmood Hyde, John Caldow, Chris TI Identification of the larval and juvenile stages of the Cubera Snapper, Lutjanus cyanopterus, using DNA barcoding SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE snapper; Cubera; Lutjanidae; Lutjanus; cyanopterus; larvae; juvenile; identification; DNA barcoding; BOLD; fish; phylogenetics; pelagic larval duration; PLD; pargo; gray; griseus; Caribbean; western Atlantic; otoliths ID GRAY SNAPPER; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; REEF; SETTLEMENT; DURATION; GRISEUS; GROWTH; PISCES; FISHES AB The larvae and newly-settled juveniles of the Cubera Snapper, Lutjanus cyanopterus, are identified by DNA barcoding. Four larvae and three small juveniles of L. cyanopterus were detected among a large collection of pelagic larvae and a smaller collection of settled juveniles from the Caribbean coast of Panama. The mtDNA COI barcode sequences from the larvae and juveniles were virtually identical to sequences from adults sampled from the spawning aggregation in St. Thomas, USVI. Barcode sequences for the eleven regional species of Lutjanus species (sensu lato) were obtained and they exhibited deep interspecific divergences that allowed for efficient discrimination among the western Atlantic snapper species. The nearest neighbor species, the Mutton Snapper L. analis, was more than 11% divergent from L. cyanopterus. Cubera Snapper larvae are characterized by prominent melanophores along the outer spinous-dorsal-fin membranes and along the outer third of the longer pelvic-fin membranes. They are morphologically distinct from the late-stage larvae of the other regional snappers by their relatively wider caudal peduncle and their relative dorsal-spine lengths. Juveniles retain the black outer portion of the dorsal and pelvic-fin membranes and have a smaller body-depth than other regional snapper juveniles. The size at settlement is about 18 mm SL, relatively large for lutjanids. Daily otolith increments from L. cyanopterus larvae and juveniles indicate a pelagic larval duration of about 29 days with back-calculated spawning and settlement dates around the new moon. Although smaller adult Cubera Snappers can appear very similar to the Gray Snapper, L. griseus, the larvae and juveniles are quite different. In this case, the early life history stages reflect the deep genetic divergence between the two species while the adult forms converge in appearance. C1 [Victor, Benjamin C.] Ocean Sci Fdn, Irvine, CA 92604 USA. [Victor, Benjamin C.; Shivji, Mahmood] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Hanner, Robert] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hanner, Robert] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hyde, John] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Caldow, Chris] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Victor, BC (reprint author), Ocean Sci Fdn, 4051 Glenwood, Irvine, CA 92604 USA. EM ben@coralreeffish.com FU Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); NSERC FX We appreciate the cooperation of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Government of Panama, as well as the MacLean Marine Science Center at the University of the Virgin Islands. In particular, I thank D. R. Robertson for making the recent expedition to Panama possible. J. Blondeau, J. Calnan, K. and L. Clifton, J. Crisp, S. Kadison, T. Matelson, R. Nemeth, E. Pena, M. Schildhauer, L. Tornabene, J. Van Tassell, H. J. Walker, G. Walsh, R. Warner, B. Wetherbee and the crew of the R/V Urraca provided invaluable assistance in Panama and elsewhere. J. Gold, C. Nolan, and H. Valles graciously provided specimens and tissues from Florida, Belize, and Barbados respectively. J. Lemus and A. Apeitos contributed captive- reared Red Snapper larvae. J. Zhang, A. Borisenko, R. Breese, G. Downs, A. Papp, M. Milton, and C. Maitland provided exceptional service in the laboratory and with the barcoding database. DNA barcoding was supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2009 IS 2215 BP 24 EP 36 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 490GV UT WOS:000269489000002 ER PT J AU Wang, H Schemm, JKE Kumar, A Wang, WQ Long, L Chelliah, M Bell, GD Peng, PT AF Wang, Hui Schemm, Jae-Kyung E. Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Long, Lindsey Chelliah, Muthuvel Bell, Gerald D. Peng, Peitao TI A Statistical Forecast Model for Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity Based on the NCEP Dynamical Seasonal Forecast SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; TROPICAL CYCLONES; RECENT INCREASE; LA-NINA; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; ENSO AB A hybrid dynamical-statistical model is developed for predicting Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity. The model is built upon the empirical relationship between the observed interannual variability of hurricanes and the variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and vertical wind shear in 26-yr (1981-2006) hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS). The number of Atlantic hurricanes exhibits large year-to-year fluctuations and an upward trend over the 26 yr. The latter is characterized by an inactive period prior to 1995 and an active period afterward. The interannual variability of the Atlantic hurricanes significantly correlates with the CFS hindcasts for August-October (ASO) SSTs and vertical wind shear in the tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic where CFS also displays skillful forecasts for the two variables. In contrast, the hurricane trend shows less of a correlation to the CFS-predicted SSTs and vertical wind shear in the two tropical regions. Instead, it strongly correlates with observed preseason SSTs in the far North Atlantic. Based on these results, three potential predictors for the interannual variation of seasonal hurricane activity are constructed by averaging SSTs over the tropical Pacific (TPCF; 5 degrees S-5 degrees N, 170 degrees E-130 degrees W) and the Atlantic hurricane main development region (MDR; 10 degrees-20 degrees N, 20 degrees-80 degrees W), respectively, and vertical wind shear over the MDR, all of which are from the CFS dynamical forecasts for the ASO season. In addition, two methodologies are proposed to better represent the long-term trend in the number of hurricanes. One is the use of observed preseason SSTs in the North Atlantic (NATL; 55 degrees-65 degrees N, 30 degrees-60 degrees W) as a predictor for the hurricane trend, and the other is the use of a step function that breaks up the hurricane climatology into a generally inactive period (1981-94) and a very active period (1995-2006). The combination of the three predictors for the interannual variation, along with the two methodologies for the trend, is explored in developing an empirical forecast system for Atlantic hurricanes. A cross validation of the hindcasts for the 1981-2006 hurricane seasons suggests that the seasonal hurricane forecast with the TPCF SST as the only CFS predictor is more skillful in inactive hurricane seasons, while the forecast with only the MDR SST is more skillful in active seasons. The forecast using both predictors gives better results. The most skillful forecast uses the MDR vertical wind shear as the only CFS predictor. A comparison with forecasts made by other statistical models over the 2002-07 seasons indicates that this hybrid dynamical-statistical forecast model is competitive with the current statistical forecast models. C1 [Wang, Hui; Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu; Long, Lindsey; Chelliah, Muthuvel; Bell, Gerald D.; Peng, Peitao] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Hui; Long, Lindsey] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 FU NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Test Bed (CTB) Program. We thank Drs. Kingtse C. Mo, David Unger, and Jon Gottschalck and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 17 BP 4481 EP 4500 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2753.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488UL UT WOS:000269375600003 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Huang, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI Evolution and Trend of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation Spectrum SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TESTING CLIMATE MODELS; FEEDBACK; INSTRUMENT; SIGNATURE; SPACE AB The variability and change occurring in the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) spectrum are investigated by using simulations performed with a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled atmosphere-ocean-land general circulation model. First, the variability in unforced climate (natural variability) is simulated. Then, the change of OLR spectrum due to forced changes in climate is analyzed for a continuous 25-yr time series and for the difference between two time periods (1860s and 2000s). Spectrally resolved radiances have more pronounced and complex changes than broadband fluxes. In some spectral regions, the radiance change is dominated by just one controlling factor (e. g., the window region and CO2 band center radiances are controlled by surface and stratospheric temperatures, respectively) and well exceeds the natural variability. In some other spectral bands, the radiance change is influenced by multiple and often competing factors (e. g., the water vapor band radiance is influenced by both water vapor concentration and temperature) and, although still detectable against natural variability at certain frequencies, demands stringent requirements (drift less than 0.1 K decade(-1) at spectral resolution no less than 1 cm(-1)) of observational platforms. The difference between clear-sky and all-sky radiances in the forced climate problem offers a measure of the change in the cloud radiative effect, but with a substantive dependence on the temperature lapse rate change. These results demonstrate that accurate and continuous observations of the OLR spectrum provide an advantageous means for monitoring the changes in the climate system and a stringent means for validating climate models. C1 [Huang, Yi] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), 12 Oxford St,Link 284, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yi.huang@noaa.gov RI Huang, Yi/A-9387-2008; Huang, Yi/E-9479-2016 OI Huang, Yi/0000-0002-5065-4198 FU NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX06AF75H]; NOAA Global and Climate Change Fellowship FX We thank Brian Soden, Isaac Held, Leo Donner, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and good suggestions. During the course of his work, Yi Huang has been supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship, Grant NNX06AF75H, and a NOAA Global and Climate Change Fellowship. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 17 BP 4637 EP 4651 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2874.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488UL UT WOS:000269375600012 ER PT J AU Zuidema, P Painemal, D de Szoeke, S Fairall, C AF Zuidema, Paquita Painemal, David de Szoeke, Simon Fairall, Chris TI Stratocumulus Cloud-Top Height Estimates and Their Climatic Implications SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LIQUID WATER PATH; LOW-LEVEL JET; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WEST-COAST; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB A depth-dependent boundary layer lapse rate was empirically deduced from 156 radiosondes released during six month-long research cruises to the southeast Pacific sampling a variety of stratocumulus conditions. The lapse-rate dependence on boundary layer height is weak, decreasing from a best fit of 7.6 to 7.2K km(-1) as the boundary layer deepens from 800 m to 2 km. Ship-based cloud-base heights up to 800 m correspond well to lifting condensation levels, indicating well-mixed conditions, with cloud bases. 800 m often 200-600 m higher than the lifting condensation levels. The lapse rates were combined with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer 11-mu m-derived cloud-top temperatures and satellite microwave-derived sea surface temperatures to estimate stratocumulus cloud-top heights. The October-mean cloud-top height structure of the southeast Pacific was then spatially and diurnally characterized. Coastal shoaling is apparent, but so is a significant along-coast cloud-top height gradient, with a pronounced elevation of the cloud-top heights above the Arica Bight at similar to 20 degrees S. Diurnal cloud-top height variations (inferred from irregular 4-times-daily sampling) can locally reach 250 m in amplitude, and they can help to visualize offshore propagation of free-tropospheric vertical motions. A shallow boundary layer associated with the Chilean coastal jet expands to its north and west in the afternoon. Cloud-top heights above the Arica Bight region are depressed in the afternoon, which may mean that increased subsidence from sensible heating of the Andes dominates an afternoon increase in convergence/upward motion at the exit of the Chilean coastal jet. In the southeast Atlantic during October, the stratocumulus cloud-top heights are typically lower than those in the southeast Pacific. A coastal jet region can also be identified through its low cloud-top heights. Coastal shoaling of the South Atlantic stratocumulus region is mostly uniform with latitude, in keeping with the more linear Namibian/Angolan coastline. The southeast Atlantic shallow cloudy boundary layer extends farther offshore than in the southeast Pacific, particularly at 15 degrees S. C1 [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [de Szoeke, Simon] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fairall, Chris] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zuidema, P (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X FU NOAA [NA06OAR4310056]; CPPA [GC07-095, GC06-087]; NASA Earth Science REASoN DISCOVER Project FX Support from the NOAA Climate Program for the Prediction of the Americas (CPPA Grant NA06OAR4310056) for PZ and DP, and CPPA Grants GC07-095 and GC06-087 for SdS and CF, is gratefully acknowledged. The TMI data were produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science REASoN DISCOVER Project, and are available online (http://www.remss.com), alongwith QuikSCAT winds. The MODIS data were acquired from the Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). Land elevation data at 10-min resolution are from the U. S. Navy Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center and are also available online (http://www.dss.ucar.edu/datasets). We thank Rene Garreaud for illuminating discussion, Michael Garay and Rob Wood for comments and plots of October 2006 MISR and CALIOP cloud-top height, Rob Burgman and Amy Clement for discussion and inspiration, and Shang-Ping Xie for originally suggesting to us the desirability of characterized boundary layer cloud-top heights. Two anonymous reviewers contributed, and we wish to thank one in particular for valuable comments. NR 44 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 17 BP 4652 EP 4666 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2708.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488UL UT WOS:000269375600013 ER PT J AU Garner, ST Held, IM Knutson, T Sirutis, J AF Garner, Stephen T. Held, Isaac M. Knutson, Thomas Sirutis, Joseph TI The Roles of Wind Shear and Thermal Stratification in Past and Projected Changes of Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; POTENTIAL INTENSITY; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; RECENT INCREASE; SENSITIVITY; FREQUENCY; MODEL; INTENSIFICATION AB Atlantic tropical cyclone activity has trended upward in recent decades. The increase coincides with favorable changes in local sea surface temperature and other environmental indices, principally associated with vertical shear and the thermodynamic profile. The relative importance of these environmental factors has not been firmly established. A recent study using a high-resolution dynamical downscaling model has captured both the trend and interannual variations in Atlantic storm frequency with considerable fidelity. In the present work, this downscaling framework is used to assess the importance of the large-scale thermodynamic environment relative to other factors influencing Atlantic tropical storms. Separate assessments are done for the recent multidecadal trend (1980-2006) and a model-projected global warming environment for the late 21st century. For the multidecadal trend, changes in the seasonal-mean thermodynamic environment (sea surface temperature and atmospheric temperature profile at fixed relative humidity) account for more than half of the observed increase in tropical cyclone frequency, with other seasonal-mean changes (including vertical shear) having a somewhat smaller combined effect. In contrast, the model's projected reduction in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity in the warm climate scenario appears to be driven mostly by increased seasonal-mean vertical shear in the western Atlantic and Caribbean rather than by changes in the SST and thermodynamic profile. C1 [Garner, Stephen T.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Garner, ST (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM steve.garner@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 17 BP 4723 EP 4734 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2930.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488UL UT WOS:000269375600018 ER PT J AU Marchuk, O Ralchenko, Y Janev, RK Bertschinger, G Biel, W AF Marchuk, O. Ralchenko, Yu Janev, R. K. Bertschinger, G. Biel, W. TI Kinetics of highly excited states in Ar17+ charge exchange recombination fusion plasma spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ION TEMPERATURE; TORE-SUPRA; SPECTRA; DENSITY; TOKAMAK; ATOMS; IONIZATION; EMISSION; BEAMS AB Charge exchange (CX) between impurities and injected neutral particles, which results in line emission from highly excited states of impurity ions, is the basis of an important technique for spectroscopic diagnostics of fusion plasmas. In this paper, we study the temporal kinetics of highly excited nl states (n <= 20) of H-like argon under typical conditions of a CX recombination experiment in tokamaks. A two-zone model is implemented to describe the tokamak plasma with and without a neutral beam. A detailed time-dependent collisional-radiative model describing ions of Ar15+ through Ar18+ and the atomic processes that affect the excited levels is used to determine the level densities. The relative contributions of atomic processes to population influx and outflux with and without CX are discussed in detail. The simulations show that after injection of a neutral beam, the populations of excited states oscillate between two quasi steady-state conditions, and the relaxation of ionization equilibrium is reached on times much longer than a typical plasma rotation time in a tokamak. C1 [Marchuk, O.; Janev, R. K.; Bertschinger, G.; Biel, W.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energieforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Marchuk, O.; Ralchenko, Yu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marchuk, O (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energieforsch Plasmaphys, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM o.marchuk@fz-juelich.de; yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy (Yu R). OM is grateful to the members of the Atomic Spectroscopy Group at NIST for their hospitality during his visit. The authors are grateful to I Beigmann for useful discussions on kinetics of highly excited states. NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 16 AR 165701 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/16/165701 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 479XV UT WOS:000268696400043 ER PT J AU Martinis, JM Ansmann, M Aumentado, J AF Martinis, John M. Ansmann, M. Aumentado, J. TI Energy Decay in Superconducting Josephson-Junction Qubits from Nonequilibrium Quasiparticle Excitations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM AB We calculate the energy decay rate of Josephson qubits and superconducting resonators from nonequilibrium quasiparticles. The decay rates from experiments are shown to be consistent with predictions based on a prior measurement of the quasiparticle density n(qp)=10/mu m(3), which suggests that nonequilibrium quasiparticles are an important decoherence source for Josephson qubits. Calculations of the energy-decay and diffusion of quasiparticles also indicate that prior engineered gap and trap structures, which reduce the density of quasiparticles, should be redesigned to improve their efficacy. This model also explains a striking feature in Josephson qubits and resonators-a small reduction in decay rate with increasing temperature. C1 [Martinis, John M.; Ansmann, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Aumentado, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Martinis, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 FU IARPA [W911NF-04-1-0204]; NSF [CCF-0507227] FX We thank M. Devoret, P. Delsing, and B. Mazin for helpful discussions. This work was supported by IARPA under Grant No. W911NF-04-1-0204 and by the NSF under Grant No. CCF-0507227. NR 30 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 9 AR 097002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.097002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 493FA UT WOS:000269718500054 PM 19792820 ER PT J AU Small, JD Chuang, PY Feingold, G Jiang, HL AF Small, Jennifer D. Chuang, Patrick Y. Feingold, Graham Jiang, Hongli TI Can aerosol decrease cloud lifetime? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CLOUDS; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; STRATOCUMULUS; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; ENTRAINMENT; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB Cloud responses to changes in aerosol remain a dominant uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate. Two main constructs related to aerosol effects on clouds have been postulated: (i) the "albedo effect'' whereby anthropogenic aerosol results in increased droplet concentrations that generate increases in cloud albedo, all else (particularly cloud water) being equal; (ii) the "lifetime effect'' whereby anthropogenic aerosol suppresses precipitation and results in clouds with more liquid water, higher fractional cloudiness, and longer lifetimes. Based on new observations presented here, and supported by previous fine-scale modeling studies, we suggest that the balance of evidence shows that non-precipitating cumulus clouds can experience an evaporation-entrainment feedback, and respond to aerosol perturbations in a manner inconsistent with the traditional "lifetime effect.'' Because most cumulus clouds evaporate without producing significant precipitation, this is particularly relevant to estimates of aerosol indirect effects on climate. Citation: Small, J. D., P. Y. Chuang, G. Feingold, and H. Jiang (2009), Can aerosol decrease cloud lifetime?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16806, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038888. C1 [Small, Jennifer D.; Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Feingold, Graham; Jiang, Hongli] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Small, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pchuang@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU National Science Foundation Programs for Physical Meteorology; Major Research Instrumentation; NOAA's Climate Goal Program FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Programs for Physical Meteorology and Major Research Instrumentation and NOAA's Climate Goal Program. We thank Haflidi Jonsson for his support and discussions. We thank the CIRPAS Twin Otter crew and personnel for their efforts and support during the field program and John Seinfeld and Rick Flagan (Caltech) and their research groups for assistance and discussions in the field. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L16806 DI 10.1029/2009GL038888 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 488KM UT WOS:000269348500002 ER PT J AU Bahreini, R Ervens, B Middlebrook, AM Warneke, C de Gouw, JA DeCarlo, PF Jimenez, JL Brock, CA Neuman, JA Ryerson, TB Stark, H Atlas, E Brioude, J Fried, A Holloway, JS Peischl, J Richter, D Walega, J Weibring, P Wollny, AG Fehsenfeld, FC AF Bahreini, R. Ervens, B. Middlebrook, A. M. Warneke, C. de Gouw, J. A. DeCarlo, P. F. Jimenez, J. L. Brock, C. A. Neuman, J. A. Ryerson, T. B. Stark, H. Atlas, E. Brioude, J. Fried, A. Holloway, J. S. Peischl, J. Richter, D. Walega, J. Weibring, P. Wollny, A. G. Fehsenfeld, F. C. TI Organic aerosol formation in urban and industrial plumes near Houston and Dallas, Texas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; AMBIENT AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; SOA FORMATION; MEXICO-CITY; EMISSIONS; AIRBORNE; OZONE; NOX; PHOTOOXIDATION AB We present measurements of organic aerosol (OA) in urban plumes from Houston and Dallas/Fort Worth as well as in industrial plumes in the Houston area during TexAQS-2006. Consistent with the TexAQS-2000 study, measurements show greater amount of aerosol mass downwind of the industrial centers compared to urban areas. This is likely due to higher emission and processing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the industrial sources along the Houston ship channel. Comparisons of the current measurements with observations from the northeastern (NE) United States indicate that the observed ratios of the enhancement above background in OA, Delta OA, to the enhancement above background in CO, Delta CO, downwind of urban centers of Houston and Dallas/Fort Worth are within a factor of 2 of the same values in plumes from urban areas in the NE United States. In the ship channel plumes, Delta OA/Delta CO exceeds that in the urban areas by factors ranging from 1.5 to 7. We use a chemical box model to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from anthropogenic and biogenic VOCs in different plumes using recently reported dependencies of SOA yields on VOC/NOx ratios. Modeled SOA to CO enhancement ratios are within a factor of 2 of measurements. The increase in SOA from biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) predicted by the chemical box model as well as by a separate analysis using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART) is <0.7 mu g per standard m(3) (sm(-3)). We find no evidence for a substantial influence of BVOCs on OA formation in our measurements in Houston area. C1 [Bahreini, R.; Ervens, B.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Jimenez, J. L.; Neuman, J. A.; Stark, H.; Brioude, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Wollny, A. G.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Ervens, B.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Brock, C. A.; Neuman, J. A.; Ryerson, T. B.; Stark, H.; Brioude, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DeCarlo, P. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fried, A.; Richter, D.; Walega, J.; Weibring, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Bahreini, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roya.bahreini@noaa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU CIRES; EPA STAR [FP-91650801]; Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64539] FX We thank the WP-3D operation crew for their efforts and support during the project, K. Aikin as the project data manager, M. Trainer for his flight planning efforts during TexAQS-2006, G. Frost and M. Trainer for discussions regarding HOx calculations, and W. Angevine for discussions regarding the wind profiler data set. We also appreciate the constructive comments of the reviewers, which helped strengthen the manuscript. R. B. and P. F. D. acknowledge a CIRES postdoctoral visiting fellowship and an EPA STAR graduate fellowship (FP-91650801), respectively. B. E. acknowledges support from the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-08ER64539. NR 82 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00F16 DI 10.1029/2008JD011493 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488LC UT WOS:000269350200001 ER PT J AU Holden, MJ Haynes, RJ Rabb, SA Satija, N Yang, K Blasic, JR AF Holden, Marcia J. Haynes, Ross J. Rabb, Savelas A. Satija, Neena Yang, Kristina Blasic, Joseph R., Jr. TI Factors Affecting Quantification of Total DNA by UV Spectroscopy and PicoGreen Fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Maize; Zea mays L.; soy; Glycine max; spinach; Spinacia oleracea; wheat; Triticum aestivum; CTAB; cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide; DNA; PicoGreen; DNA quantitation ID QUANTITATION; PHOSPHORUS; RATIOS; CHAIN; TOOL AB The total amount of DNA in a preparation extracted from tissues can be measured in several ways, each method offering advantages and disadvantages. For the sake of accuracy in quantitation, it is of interest to compare these methodologies and determine if good correlation can be achieved between them. Different answers can also be clues to the physical state of the DNA, In this study, we investigated the lack of correlation between ultraviolet (UV) absorbance and fluorescent (PicoGreen) measurements of the concentration of DNAs isolated from plant tissues. We found that quantifation based on the absorbance-based method correlated with quantitation based on phosphorus content, while the PicoGreen-based method did not. We also found evidence of the production of single-stranded DNA under conditions where the DNA was not fragmented into small pieces. The PicoGreen fluorescent signal was dependent on DNA fragment size but only if the DNA was in pure water, while DNA in buffer was much less sensitive. Finally, we document the high sensitivity of the PicoGreen assays to the detergent known as CTAB (cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide). The CTAB-based method is highly popular for low-cost DNA extraction with many published variations for plant and other tissues. The removal of residual CTAB is important for accurate quantitation of DNA using PicoGreen. C1 [Holden, Marcia J.; Haynes, Ross J.; Satija, Neena; Yang, Kristina; Blasic, Joseph R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rabb, Savelas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holden, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcia.holden@nist.gov NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7221 EP 7226 DI 10.1021/jf901165h PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900009 PM 19627145 ER PT J AU Jackson, DL Wick, GA Robertson, FR AF Jackson, Darren L. Wick, Gary A. Robertson, Franklin R. TI Improved multisensor approach to satellite-retrieved near-surface specific humidity observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; GLOBAL OCEANS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SSM/I; ALGORITHM; WATER; VAPOR AB A multisensor microwave retrieval of near-surface 10 m specific humidity (Qa) using satellite observations from the advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A), the Special Sensor Microwave Temperature Sounder-2, and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager is improved upon in this study. Refinements to the regression formula, training data set, collocation procedure, and height adjustment to 10 m were used to improve retrievals from two different sensor combinations. Independent validation with the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) indicates a lower overall bias of similar to 0.3 g/kg and a smaller root-mean-square difference of similar to 0.4 g/kg than with several previously published single-sensor Qa retrievals. A significant regional Qa wet bias of similar to 3 g/kg in the summer over the North Pacific was found for all satellite retrievals, and a correction was developed using an inversion index defined using sea surface temperature and AMSU-A lower tropospheric temperature observations. An assessment of ICOADS ship and buoy validation data indicated uncertainties related to height adjustments of these in situ observations to be 0.2-0.4 g/kg, while hygrometer differences and solar heating effects had smaller uncertainties of less than 0.05 g/kg. Validation of the updated multisensor retrievals with ICOADS over an 8-year period from 1999 to 2006 revealed a reduced magnitude of the regional biases when compared to previously published retrievals. Regional Qa differences, particularly in the subtropical high regions, are shown to play a significant role in determination of surface latent heat flux. C1 [Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Robertson, Franklin R.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Jackson, DL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM darren.l.jackson@noaa.gov RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D16303 DI 10.1029/2008JD011341 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KZ UT WOS:000269349900001 ER PT J AU Lee, V Whittaker, L Jaye, C Baroudi, KM Fischer, DA Banerjee, S AF Lee, Vincent Whittaker, Luisa Jaye, Cherno Baroudi, Kristen M. Fischer, Daniel A. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Large-Area Chemically Modified Graphene Films: Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization by Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE OXIDE; CDSE NANOCRYSTAL FILMS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON NANOTUBES; SHEETS; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS AB A facile, rapid. and scalable electrophoretic deposition approach is developed for the fabrication of large-area chemically derived graphene films on conductive substrates based on the electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide components. Two distinctive approaches for fabricating conformal graphene films are developed. In the first approach, graphene oxide sheets are electrophoretically deposited from an aqueous solution after the oxidation of graphite to graphite oxide and the subsequent exfoliation of graphite oxide to graphene oxide. Next, the graphene oxide films are reduced via dip-coating in an aqueous Solution of hydrazine. In the second approach, graphene oxide is reduced to graphene nanosheets in a strongly alkaline Solution and the reduced graphene sheets are directly electrophoretically deposited onto conductive substrates. The film thickness can be modified by the deposition time and the obtained films span several square millimeters in area. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is used to Study the Surface chemistry. electronic band structure. and degree of alignment of the electrophoretically deposited films. Polarized NEXAFS measurements verify the presence of epoxide surface functionalities on the graphene basal planes and indicate significant recovery of extended pi-bonded networks upon defunctionalization by hydrazine treatment. These measurements further indicate significantly improved alignment of the graphene sheet components of the films parallel to the substrate surface when defunctionalization is performed prior to electrophoretic deposition. C1 [Lee, Vincent; Whittaker, Luisa; Baroudi, Kristen M.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU University at Buffalo FX The authors gratefully acknowledge startup funding from the University at Buffalo for support of this work. This work was also partially supported by an Interdisciplinary Research and Development Fund (IRDF) grant from the University at Buffalo. L.W. acknowledges the Fulbright Foundation for supporting her stay at the University at Buffalo. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 54 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 8 U2 146 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 16 BP 3905 EP 3916 DI 10.1021/cm901554p PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 484KR UT WOS:000269043900022 ER PT J AU Myoung, S Lee, J Constantino, P Lucas, P Chai, H Lawn, B AF Myoung, Sangwon Lee, James Constantino, Paul Lucas, Peter Chai, Herzl Lawn, Brian TI Morphology and fracture of enamel SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Enamel; Dentistry; Fracture; Tufts; Evolutionary biology; Microindentation ID DENTAL ENAMEL; CRACKS; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; MAMMALS AB This study examines the inter-relation between enamel morphology and crack resistance by sectioning extracted human molars after loading to fracture. Cracks appear to initiate from tufts, hypocalcified defects at the enamel-dentin junction, and grow longitudinally around the enamel coat to produce failure. Microindentation corner cracks placed next to the tufts in the sections deflect along the tuft interfaces and occasionally penetrate into the adjacent enamel. Although they constitute weak interfaces, the tufts are nevertheless filled with organic matter, and appear to be stabilized against easy extension by self-healing, as well as by mutual stress-shielding and decussation, accounting at least in part for the capacity of tooth enamel to survive high functional forces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Myoung, Sangwon; Lee, James; Lawn, Brian] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myoung, Sangwon] Changwon Natl Univ, Sch Nano & Adv Mat Engn, Chang Won, Kyung Nam, South Korea. [Lee, James; Constantino, Paul; Lucas, Peter] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Lee, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.lee@nist.gov OI Constantino, Paul/0000-0003-3397-7961 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1947 EP 1951 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.05.013 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 493KB UT WOS:000269734200020 PM 19559438 ER PT J AU Ganguly, D Ginoux, P Ramaswamy, V Dubovik, O Welton, J Reid, EA Holben, BN AF Ganguly, Dilip Ginoux, P. Ramaswamy, V. Dubovik, O. Welton, J. Reid, E. A. Holben, B. N. TI Inferring the composition and concentration of aerosols by combining AERONET and MPLNET data: Comparison with other measurements and utilization to evaluate GCM output SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE; NETWORK; AEROCOM AB In this work we demonstrate a method to derive the concentration of aerosol components from the spectral measurements of AOD (aerosol optical depth) and single scattering albedo along with their size distribution and extinction profile available from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) and MPLNET (Micro-pulse Lidar Network) stations. The technique involves finding the best combination of aerosol concentration by minimizing differences between measured and calculated values of aerosol parameters such as AOD, single scattering albedo, and size distribution. We applied this technique over selected sites in three different regions of the United States (West coast, Great Plains, and North-East). Our results are then compared with the measured concentration of aerosol components available from IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) and EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) network, as well as two different versions of the GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) General Circulation Model AM2 with online and offline aerosols. In general, concentrations retrieved by our technique compare well with the ground-based measurements, but there are some discrepancies possibly due to the inherent differences in temporal and spatial scales of data averaging or some of the assumptions made in our study. Over continental North America, the online version of AM2 appears to overestimate sulfate concentration approximately by a factor of two and underestimate organic carbon by nearly the same amount. Results of our sensitivity study show that the errors in the retrieval of black carbon and sulfate concentrations could be as high as 100% when there is a large bias of similar to 0.05 in the reference values of single scattering albedo under high AOD (>= 0.5 0.44 mu m) conditions. Knowledge on the vertical distribution of aerosols is crucial for an accurate retrieval of surface concentration of aerosols. We also determine the composition and concentration of elevated aerosol layers using this technique. C1 [Ganguly, Dilip; Ginoux, P.; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ganguly, Dilip; Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Welton, J.; Holben, B. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reid, E. A.] USN, Aerosol & Radiat Modeling Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Ganguly, D (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM dilip.ganguly@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460 FU Department of Energy, United States of America FX The Lidar data from Cart Site were obtained from the archive of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility which is supported by the Department of Energy, United States of America. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D16203 DI 10.1029/2009JD011895 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KY UT WOS:000269349800005 ER PT J AU Zhao, CF Andrews, AE Bianco, L Eluszkiewicz, J Hirsch, A MacDonald, C Nehrkorn, T Fischer, ML AF Zhao, Chuanfeng Andrews, Arlyn E. Bianco, Laura Eluszkiewicz, Janusz Hirsch, Adam MacDonald, Clinton Nehrkorn, Thomas Fischer, Marc L. TI Atmospheric inverse estimates of methane emissions from Central California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; CLOUD MODEL; CARBON; INDEX; VARIABILITY; CONTINENT; LIFETIME; DEPTH; FIELD AB Methane mixing ratios measured at a tall tower are compared to model predictions to estimate surface emissions of CH4 in Central California for October-December 2007 using an inverse technique. Predicted CH4 mixing ratios are calculated based on spatially resolved a priori CH4 emissions and simulated atmospheric trajectories. The atmospheric trajectories, along with surface footprints, are computed using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) coupled to the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model. An uncertainty analysis is performed to provide quantitative uncertainties in estimated CH4 emissions. Three inverse model estimates of CH4 emissions are reported. First, linear regressions of modeled and measured CH4 mixing ratios obtain slopes of 0.73 +/- 0.11 and 1.09 +/- 0.14 using California-specific and Edgar 3.2 emission maps, respectively, suggesting that actual CH4 emissions were about 37 +/- 21% higher than California-specific inventory estimates. Second, a Bayesian "source" analysis suggests that livestock emissions are 63 +/- 22% higher than the a priori estimates. Third, a Bayesian "region" analysis is carried out for CH4 emissions from 13 subregions, which shows that inventory CH4 emissions from the Central Valley are underestimated and uncertainties in CH4 emissions are reduced for subregions near the tower site, yielding best estimates of flux from those regions consistent with "source" analysis results. The uncertainty reductions for regions near the tower indicate that a regional network of measurements will be necessary to provide accurate estimates of surface CH4 emissions for multiple regions. C1 [Zhao, Chuanfeng; Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Bianco, Laura; Hirsch, Adam] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bianco, Laura; Hirsch, Adam] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eluszkiewicz, Janusz; Nehrkorn, Thomas] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [MacDonald, Clinton] Sonoma Technol Inc, Meteorol Measurements & Anal, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Zhao, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90K,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM czhao@lbl.gov RI Zhao, Chuanfeng/G-8546-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Dave Field, Dave Bush, Edward Wahl, and particularly Jon Kofler for assistance with installation and maintenance of the instrumentation at WGC, Edward Dlugokencky for advice and assistance in verifying the Picarro instrument performance at NOAA, John Lin and Steve Wofsy for generously sharing the STILT code and providing expert advice, Chris Potter and William Salas for sharing their models of CH4 emission for use as a priori estimates, Larry Hunsaker and Webster Tassat for providing the CARB estimates of landfill CH4 emissions, Ken Massarie for providing the global CH4 background data, and Susan James for assistance in running WRF on the LBNL-ASD computer cluster. We gratefully acknowledge NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the use of the HPSPLIT model underlying STILT and NCEP for the provision of the NARR meteorology. We also thank Jean Bogner, Nancy Brown, Eric Crosson, Guido Franco, Ling Jin, Ying-Kuang Hsu, Eileen McCauley, Tony VanCuren, James Wilczack, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. This study was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The findings, views, and opinions presented in this paper do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the California Energy Commission or the State of California. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D16302 DI 10.1029/2008JD011671 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488KY UT WOS:000269349800003 ER PT J AU Jankov, I Bao, JW Neiman, PJ Schultz, PJ Yuan, HL White, AB AF Jankov, Isidora Bao, Jian-Wen Neiman, Paul J. Schultz, Paul J. Yuan, Huiling White, Allen B. TI Evaluation and Comparison of Microphysical Algorithms in ARW-WRF Model Simulations of Atmospheric River Events Affecting the California Coast SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; WINTER; CLOUD; CALJET; PARAMETERIZATION; CYCLONES; SCHEME; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Numerical prediction of precipitation associated with five cool-season atmospheric river events in northern California was analyzed and compared to observations. The model simulations were performed by using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF) with four different microphysical parameterizations. This was done as a part of the 2005-06 field phase of the Hydrometeorological Test Bed project, for which special profilers, soundings, and surface observations were implemented. Using these unique datasets, the meteorology of atmospheric river events was described in terms of dynamical processes and the microphysical structure of the cloud systems that produced most of the surface precipitation. Events were categorized as "bright band" (BB) or "nonbright band" (NBB), the differences being the presence of significant amounts of ice aloft (or lack thereof) and a signature of higher reflectivity collocated with the melting layer produced by frozen precipitating particles descending through the 0 degrees C isotherm. The model was reasonably successful at predicting the timing of surface fronts, the development and evolution of low-level jets associated with latent heating processes and terrain interaction, and wind flow signatures consistent with deep-layer thermal advection. However, the model showed the tendency to overestimate the duration and intensity of the impinging low-level winds. In general, all model configurations overestimated precipitation, especially in the case of BB events. Nonetheless, large differences in precipitation distribution and cloud structure among model runs using various microphysical parameterization schemes were noted. C1 [Jankov, Isidora] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bao, Jian-Wen; Neiman, Paul J.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Jankov, Isidora; Schultz, Paul J.; Yuan, Huiling] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Huiling] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jankov, I (reprint author), CIRA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Isidora.Jankov@noaa.gov RI jankov, isidora/D-2830-2015; Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1228]; CIRA/NESDS postdoctoral program FX The authors thank Linda Wharton for technical help, Ann Reiser for technical editing, and Tomislava Vukicevic for her useful suggestions. This research was funded by NOAA Grant NA17RJ1228 and the CIRA/NESDS postdoctoral program. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 847 EP 870 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1059.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 487HO UT WOS:000269262800002 ER PT J AU Joseph, R Smith, TM Sapiano, MRP Ferraro, RR AF Joseph, Renu Smith, Thomas M. Sapiano, Mathew R. P. Ferraro, Ralph R. TI A New High-Resolution Satellite-Derived Precipitation Dataset for Climate Studies SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; TROPICAL RAINFALL; AMSR-E; ALGORITHMS; STATES AB The importance of analyzing climate at high spatiotemporal resolution has been emphasized in the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. Several high-resolution analyses of global precipitation have recently been created to meet this need by combining high-quality passive microwave estimates with frequently sampled geosynchronous infrared estimates. A new daily 0.25 degrees analysis has been developed at the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (CICS), called the CICS High-Resolution Optimally Interpolated Microwave Precipitation from Satellites (CHOMPS), which is based only on passive microwave satellite estimates. The analysis was developed using all available sensors and the most up-to-date common retrieval scheme. An important advantage of CHOMPS is, therefore, its consistency. The microwave estimates from the different sensors at hourly time scales are combined using optimum interpolation (OI), using estimates of the noise and spatial correlation scales and standardized analysis weights. This technique reduces the random errors while still capturing the tails of the distribution of precipitation and provides estimates of output error based on the noise-to-signal ratio of the inputs. Hourly values are combined to produce a daily average and error estimate. Evaluation of CHOMPS against surface-based observational data, such as the stage IV radar and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO)/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) gauges, indicates that CHOMPS performs well, especially when compared to other high-resolution products. This analysis, therefore, highlights OI as a feasible methodology for the creation of a high-resolution precipitation product. The analysis begins in 1998 and has thus far been continued through 2007, making it a useful dataset to examine intraseasonal variability. When the period of the data becomes long enough, it will prove to be a useful dataset to study longer modes of climate variability. C1 [Joseph, Renu] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Joseph, Renu; Smith, Thomas M.; Sapiano, Mathew R. P.; Ferraro, Ralph R.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.; Ferraro, Ralph R.] NESDIS, NOAA, SCSB, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Joseph, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Coll Pk,3433 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rjoseph@atmos.umd.edu RI Sapiano, Mathew/F-4688-2010; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 FU NOAA [NA17EC1483] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge all who have contributed data: Daniel Vila and Huan Meng for providing the AMSU algorithm and reprocessing of data; Chris Kummerow and Wanchun Chen for the GPROF algorithm used to reprocess the SSM/I locally; the NSIDC team for the AMSR-E data; and the TSDIS team for the TRMM data. The authors also wish to thank the NOAA/Climate Program, in particular, Christopher Miller, for support on this project. Thanks are also due to the two anonymous reviewers for helping improve the quality of the paper and to John Janowiak, Phil Arkin, and Jinho Yoon for their helpful discussions. This research was supported by NOAA Grant NA17EC1483. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 935 EP 952 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1096.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 487HO UT WOS:000269262800006 ER PT J AU Mayumi, K Endo, H Osaka, N Yokoyama, H Nagao, M Shibayama, M Ito, K AF Mayumi, Koichi Endo, Hitoshi Osaka, Noboru Yokoyama, Hideaki Nagao, Michihiro Shibayama, Mitsuhiro Ito, Kohzo TI Mechanically Interlocked Structure of Polyrotaxane Investigated by Contrast Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THREADED ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRINS; NECKLACE; POLYMER; SANS; GELS C1 [Mayumi, Koichi; Yokoyama, Hideaki; Ito, Kohzo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. [Endo, Hitoshi; Osaka, Noboru; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Mayumi, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778561, Japan. EM kmayumi@molle.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; hit-endo@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Osaka, Noboru/F-8914-2013; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/E-1646-2015 OI Osaka, Noboru/0000-0003-1028-1646; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro/0000-0002-8683-5070 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [20062010, 18068004]; Scientific Research (S) [2008-2012, 20221005]; Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan; Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo [7607] FX This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas, 20062010, No. 18068004 and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), 2008-2012, No..20221005). The SANS experiment was performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan, with the approval of the Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo (Proposal No. 7607). NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 16 BP 6327 EP 6329 DI 10.1021/ma9010318 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 484KK UT WOS:000269043200059 ER PT J AU Stenchikov, G Delworth, TL Ramaswamy, V Stouffer, RJ Wittenberg, A Zeng, FR AF Stenchikov, Georgiy Delworth, Thomas L. Ramaswamy, V. Stouffer, Ronald J. Wittenberg, Andrew Zeng, Fanrong TI Volcanic signals in oceans SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; PINATUBO ERUPTION; WORLDS OCEANS; HEAT-CONTENT; PART I; AEROSOL; ENSO; CIRCULATION AB Sulfate aerosols resulting from strong volcanic explosions last for 2-3 years in the lower stratosphere. Therefore it was traditionally believed that volcanic impacts produce mainly short-term, transient climate perturbations. However, the ocean integrates volcanic radiative cooling and responds over a wide range of time scales. The associated processes, especially ocean heat uptake, play a key role in ongoing climate change. However, they are not well constrained by observations, and attempts to simulate them in current climate models used for climate predictions yield a range of uncertainty. Volcanic impacts on the ocean provide an independent means of assessing these processes. This study focuses on quantification of the seasonal to multidecadal time scale response of the ocean to explosive volcanism. It employs the coupled climate model CM2.1, developed recently at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, to simulate the response to the 1991 Pinatubo and the 1815 Tambora eruptions, which were the largest in the 20th and 19th centuries, respectively. The simulated climate perturbations compare well with available observations for the Pinatubo period. The stronger Tambora forcing produces responses with higher signal-to-noise ratio. Volcanic cooling tends to strengthen the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Sea ice extent appears to be sensitive to volcanic forcing, especially during the warm season. Because of the extremely long relaxation time of ocean subsurface temperature and sea level, the perturbations caused by the Tambora eruption could have lasted well into the 20th century. C1 [Stenchikov, Georgiy] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Delworth, Thomas L.; Ramaswamy, V.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Wittenberg, Andrew; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Stenchikov, Georgiy] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Chem & Life Sci & Engn, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Stenchikov, Georgiy] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Stenchikov, G (reprint author), King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci & Engn, UN1550-R4114, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. EM georgiy.stenchikov@kaust.edu.sa RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Georgiy, Stenchikov/J-8569-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Stenchikov, Georgiy Lvovich/0000-0001-9033-4925 FU NASA [NNG05GB06G]; NSF [ATM-0730452]; UCAR Visiting Scientist Program FX We are grateful for comments and suggestions from K. Dixon, I. Held, J. Lanzante, S. Malyshev, B. Santer, D. Schwarzkopf, R. Toggweiler, and M. Winton. G. S. was supported in part by NASA grant NNG05GB06G, NSF grant ATM-0730452, and the UCAR Visiting Scientist Program. NR 59 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 22 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D16104 DI 10.1029/2008JD011673 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 487BH UT WOS:000269244900002 ER PT J AU Volkovitsky, P Naudus, P AF Volkovitsky, Peter Naudus, Philip TI Absolute Co-60 characterization based on gamma-gamma coincident detection by two NaI(Tl) detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE NaI(Tl) detector; Absolute calibration; Coincidence gamma-rays; Co-60 isotope ID SUM-PEAK METHOD; DISINTEGRATION RATES; STANDARDIZATION; I-125; CALIBRATION; EFFICIENCY; CRYSTAL; I125 AB A gamma-gamma coincidence measurement method was used for the characterization of Co-60. A two-dimensional analysis of coincident events allows the careful calculation of the number of counts, when each of the two gamma-rays emitted by Co-60, is in the photopeak area in each of the NaI(Tl) detectors. The standard formulas that were applied for absolute calibration of I-125 (Eldridge-Crowther formulas) were modified for the case of 60Co decay. These modified Eldridge-Crowther formulas were applied to the absolute calibration of Co-60 samples measured by the two NaI(Tl) detectors both in coincidence and normal modes. Measurements were performed for three sources of different activities and for two positions of each source between the two NaI(Tl) detectors. Results are in good agreement with the measurements of the same samples done by the 4 pi beta-gamma method. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Volkovitsky, Peter] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naudus, Philip] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Volkovitsky, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.volkovitsky@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0453430] FX This material is based upon the activities supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. PHY-0453430. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.; The authors are grateful to Ryan Fitzgerald for samples measurements performed by the 4 pi beta-gamma method and numerous discussions. We are also grateful to Jerry LaRosa, Robin Hutchinson, and Mike Unterweger for support and discussions. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 607 IS 3 BP 568 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.002 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 489EN UT WOS:000269402900012 ER PT J AU Cabrera, I Kenzelmann, M Lawes, G Chen, Y Chen, WC Erwin, R Gentile, TR Leao, JB Lynn, JW Rogado, N Cava, RJ Broholm, C AF Cabrera, I. Kenzelmann, M. Lawes, G. Chen, Y. Chen, W. C. Erwin, R. Gentile, T. R. Leao, J. B. Lynn, J. W. Rogado, N. Cava, R. J. Broholm, C. TI Coupled Magnetic and Ferroelectric Domains in Multiferroic Ni3V2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION AB Electric control of multiferroic domains is demonstrated through polarized magnetic neutron diffraction. Cooling to the cycloidal multiferroic phase of Ni3V2O8 in an electric field E causes the incommensurate Bragg reflections to become neutron spin polarizing, the sense of neutron polarization reversing with E. Quantitative analysis indicates the E-treated sample has a handedness that can be reversed by E. We further show a close association between cycloidal and ferroelectric domains through E-driven spin and electric polarization hysteresis. We suggest that a definite cycloidal handedness is achieved through magnetoelastically induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. C1 [Cabrera, I.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cabrera, I.; Chen, Y.; Chen, W. C.; Erwin, R.; Gentile, T. R.; Leao, J. B.; Lynn, J. W.; Broholm, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kenzelmann, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Dev & Methods, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Lawes, G.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Rogado, N.] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cabrera, I (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Cabrera, Ivelisse/L-5999-2013; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Cabrera, Ivelisse/0000-0002-0287-8437; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 FU NSF [DMR-0706553, DMR-0644823, PP002-102831]; U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge discussions with O. Tchernyshyov. Work at JHU was supported by NSF through Grant No. DMR-0706553. G. L. acknowledges support from the NSF through Grant No. DMR-0644823. M. K. was supported by Swiss NSF contract PP002-102831. The development and application of 3He spin filters was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 8 AR 087201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.087201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 487PY UT WOS:000269288500059 PM 19792753 ER PT J AU D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF D'Incao, J. P. Esry, B. D. TI Ultracold Three-Body Collisions near Overlapping Feshbach Resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; EFIMOV; SYSTEM AB We present a comprehensive collection of ultracold three-body collisions properties near overlapping Feshbach resonances. Our results incorporate variations of all scattering lengths and demonstrate novel collisional behavior, such as atom-molecule interference effects. Taking advantage of the unique ways in which these collisions reflect Efimov physics, new pathways to control atomic and molecular losses open up. Further, we show that overlapping resonances can greatly improve the chances of observing multiple Efimov features in an ultracold quantum gas for nearly any system. C1 [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [D'Incao, J. P.; Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP D'Incao, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013 OI Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526 FU National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 8 AR 083202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.083202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 487PY UT WOS:000269288500032 PM 19792726 ER PT J AU Hegerl, GC Solomon, S AF Hegerl, Gabriele C. Solomon, Susan TI Risks of Climate Engineering SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODEL C1 [Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Grant Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Solomon, Susan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hegerl, GC (reprint author), Grant Inst, Kings Buildings,W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM gabi.hegerl@ed.ac.uk; susan.solomon@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5943 BP 955 EP 956 DI 10.1126/science.1178530 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 487AN UT WOS:000269242800032 PM 19661378 ER PT J AU Rajagopalan, B Nowak, K Prairie, J Hoerling, M Harding, B Barsugli, J Ray, A Udall, B AF Rajagopalan, Balaji Nowak, Kenneth Prairie, James Hoerling, Martin Harding, Benjamin Barsugli, Joseph Ray, Andrea Udall, Bradley TI Water supply risk on the Colorado River: Can management mitigate? SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHANGING CLIMATE; RESOURCES; BASIN; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY AB Population growth and a changing climate will tax the future reliability of the Colorado River water supply. Using a heuristic model, we assess the annual risk to the Colorado River water supply for 2008-2057. Projected demand growth superimposed upon historical climate variability results in only a small probability of annual reservoir depletion through 2057. In contrast, a scenario of 20% reduction in the annual Colorado River flow due to climate change by 2057 results in a near tenfold increase in the probability of annual reservoir depletion by 2057. However, our analysis suggests that flexibility in current management practices could mitigate some of the increased risk due to climate change-induced reductions in flows. C1 [Rajagopalan, Balaji; Nowak, Kenneth] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji; Barsugli, Joseph; Udall, Bradley] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Harding, Benjamin] AMEC Inc, Earth & Environm Div, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Hoerling, Martin; Barsugli, Joseph; Ray, Andrea; Udall, Bradley] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Prairie, James] Univ Colorado, Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rajagopalan, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM balajir@colorado.edu RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013; Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240; Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396 FU NOAA through the Western Water Assessment program; BOR; CADSWES FX Funding support from NOAA through the Western Water Assessment program is gratefully acknowledged. The first author is thankful to NCAR for providing a visitor fellowship during the course of this study. Support from BOR to the third author and resource support from CADSWES are thankfully acknowledged. Thanks are due to Russ Callejo and Carly Jerla for their valuable inputs. The authors would like to thank Kosta Georgakakos, Allen Hamlet, and an anonymous reviewer and Dennis Lettenmaier for their helpful and insightful comments that improved the manuscript. Note that reference by Barnett and Pierce [2009] was published while this paper was in the final stages of review. In that paper the authors present a reduced risk of drying compared to their earlier work, and their new risk estimates are similar to those presented here. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W08201 DI 10.1029/2008WR007652 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 487CO UT WOS:000269248300002 ER PT J AU Cotton, WD Mason, BS Dicker, SR Korngut, PM Devlin, MJ Aquirre, J Benford, DJ Moseley, SH Staguhn, JG Irwin, KD Ade, P AF Cotton, W. D. Mason, B. S. Dicker, S. R. Korngut, P. M. Devlin, M. J. Aquirre, J. Benford, D. J. Moseley, S. H. Staguhn, J. G. Irwin, K. D. Ade, P. TI 90 GHz OBSERVATIONS OF M87 AND HYDRA A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; galaxies: individual (M87, Hydra A); radio continuum: galaxies ID RADIO GALAXIES; VLA OBSERVATIONS; MULTIFREQUENCY; SPECTRUM; JET; CENTIMETERS; LOBES; AGES AB This paper presents new observations of the active galactic nuclei M87 and Hydra A at 90 GHz made with the MUSTANG array on the Green Bank Telescope at 8 ''.5 resolution. A spectral analysis is performed combining this new data and archival VLA(7) data on these objects at longer wavelengths. This analysis can detect variations in spectral index and curvature expected from energy losses in the radiating particles. M87 shows only weak evidence for steepening of the spectrum along the jet suggesting either re-acceleration of the relativistic particles in the jet or insufficient losses to affect the spectrum at 90 GHz. The jets in Hydra A show strong steepening as they move from the nucleus suggesting unbalanced losses of the higher energy relativistic particles. The difference between these two sources may be accounted for by the lengths over which the jets are observable, 2 kpc for M87 and 45 kpc for Hydra A. C1 [Cotton, W. D.; Mason, B. S.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Dicker, S. R.; Korngut, P. M.; Devlin, M. J.; Aquirre, J.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Benford, D. J.; Moseley, S. H.; Staguhn, J. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Staguhn, J. G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. RP Cotton, WD (reprint author), Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM bcotton@nrao.edu RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 2 BP 1872 EP 1879 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1872 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480UE UT WOS:000268761500076 ER PT J AU Reichardt, CL Zahn, O Ade, PAR Basu, K Bender, AN Bertoldi, F Cho, HM Chon, G Dobbs, M Ferrusca, D Halverson, NW Holzapfel, WL Horellou, C Johansson, D Johnson, BR Kennedy, J Kneissl, R Lanting, T Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Menten, KM Nord, M Pacaud, F Richards, PL Schaaf, R Schwan, D Spieler, H Weiss, A Westbrook, B AF Reichardt, C. L. Zahn, O. Ade, P. A. R. Basu, K. Bender, A. N. Bertoldi, F. Cho, H. -M. Chon, G. Dobbs, M. Ferrusca, D. Halverson, N. W. Holzapfel, W. L. Horellou, C. Johansson, D. Johnson, B. R. Kennedy, J. Kneissl, R. Lanting, T. Lee, A. T. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Menten, K. M. Nord, M. Pacaud, F. Richards, P. L. Schaaf, R. Schwan, D. Spieler, H. Weiss, A. Westbrook, B. TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE HIGH-l POWER SPECTRUM OF MILLIMETER-WAVE ANISOTROPIES FROM APEX-SZ SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology: observations; infrared: galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; X-RAY; PROBE; SUBMILLIMETER; PARAMETERS; CLUSTERS; SAMPLE; SEARCH; MAPS; MARS AB We present measurements of the angular power spectrum of millimeter wave anisotropies with the APEX-SZ instrument. APEX-SZ has mapped 0.8 deg(2) of sky at a frequency of 150 GHz with an angular resolution of 1'. These new measurements significantly improve the constraints on anisotropy power at 150 GHz over the range of angular multipoles 3000 < l < 10,000, limiting the total astronomical signal in a. at band power to be less than 105 mu K-2 at 95% CL. We expect both submillimeter-bright, dusty galaxies and to a lesser extent secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) to significantly contribute to the observed power. Subtracting the SZE power spectrum expected for sigma(8) = 0.8 and masking bright sources, the best-fit value for the remaining power is C-l = 1.1(-0.8)(+0.9) x 10(-5) mu K-2 (1.7(-1.3)(+1.4) Jy(2) sr(-1)). This agrees well with model predictions for power due to submillimeter-bright, dusty galaxies. Comparing this power to the power detected by BLAST at 600 GHz, we find the frequency dependence of the source fluxes to be S-nu proportional to nu(2.6-0.2+0.4) if both experiments measure the same population of sources. Simultaneously fitting for the amplitude of the SZE power spectrum and a Poisson-distributed point source population, we place an upper limit on the matter fluctuation amplitude of sigma(8) < 1.18 at 95% confidence. C1 [Reichardt, C. L.; Zahn, O.; Ferrusca, D.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Johnson, B. R.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Richards, P. L.; Schwan, D.; Westbrook, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Lanting, T.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Basu, K.; Chon, G.; Kneissl, R.; Menten, K. M.; Nord, M.; Weiss, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Bender, A. N.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertoldi, F.; Chon, G.; Nord, M.; Pacaud, F.; Schaaf, R.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Bonn, Germany. [Cho, H. -M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chon, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Horellou, C.; Johansson, D.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. [Kneissl, R.] Joint ALMA Off, Santiago, Chile. [Kneissl, R.] ESO, Santiago, Chile. [Spieler, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mehl, J.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Reichardt, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0138348]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship FX We thank the staff at the APEX telescope site, led by David Rabanus and previously by Lars-Ake Nyman, for their dedicated and exceptional support. We also thank LBNL engineers John Joseph and Chinh Vu for their work on the readout electronics. APEX-SZ is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-0138348. Work at LBNL is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at McGill is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. N.H. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 2 BP 1958 EP 1964 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1958 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480UE UT WOS:000268761500083 ER PT J AU Reifel, KM Johnson, SC DiGiacomo, PM Mengel, MJ Nezlin, NP Warrick, JA Jones, BH AF Reifel, Kristen M. Johnson, Scott C. DiGiacomo, Paul M. Mengel, Michael J. Nezlin, Nikolay P. Warrick, Jonathan A. Jones, Burton H. TI Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Colored dissolved organic matter; Fecal indicator bacteria; Beam attenuation; Water quality; Remote sensing; Southern California Bight; 32 degrees 00 ' N-34 degrees 30 ' N; 120 degrees 00 ' W-117 degrees 00 ' W ID SANTA-BARBARA CHANNEL; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; INDICATOR BACTERIA; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; DETECTION LIMITS; RIVER PLUME; MONICA BAY; WATER; OCEAN; COLOR AB The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight '03 program during February 2004 and February-March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2-3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (similar to 40 mu M) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of storm water differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria inplumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were of ten exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% storm water (<28-30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32-33 salinity range (1-4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28-30 salinity range (10-16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial are as and durations of impacts from these contaminants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reifel, Kristen M.; Jones, Burton H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Johnson, Scott C.] Aquat Bioassay & Consulting Labs, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. [DiGiacomo, Paul M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mengel, Michael J.] Orange Cty Sanitat Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. [Nezlin, Nikolay P.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Warrick, Jonathan A.] USGS Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Reifel, KM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kreifel@usc.edu RI DiGiacomo, Paul/F-5584-2010; Liu, Cheng-Chien/E-4859-2011; Reifel, Kristen/J-7052-2014 OI DiGiacomo, Paul/0000-0003-4550-1899; Reifel, Kristen/0000-0002-2394-9185 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 15 BP 1821 EP 1835 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2009.06.011 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 536RP UT WOS:000273061800007 ER PT J AU Warren, DR Kraft, CE Keeton, WS Nunery, JS Likens, GE AF Warren, Dana R. Kraft, Clifford E. Keeton, William S. Nunery, Jared S. Likens, Gene E. TI Dynamics of wood recruitment in streams of the northeastern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Large woody debris; LWD; Riparian forest; Wood recruitment; Wood dynamics; Stream restoration; Debris dam; Northeastern US ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; HEADWATER STREAMS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; NORTHERN COLORADO; HARDWOOD FORESTS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; MOUNTAIN STREAM; ORGANIC DEBRIS AB Wood is an important component of forested stream ecosystems, and stream restoration efforts often incorporate large wood. In most cases, however, stream restoration projects are implemented without information regarding the amount of wood that historically occurred or the natural rates of wood recruitment. This study uses a space-for-time analysis to quantify large wood loading to 28 streams in the northeastern US with a range of in-stream and riparian forest characteristics. We document the current volume and frequency of occurrence of large wood in streams with riparian forests varying in their stage of stand development as well as stream size and gradient. Linear models relating stream wood characteristics to stream geomorphic and forest characteristics were compared using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) model selection. The AIC analysis indicated that the volume and frequency of large wood and wood accumulations (wood jams) in streams was most closely associated with the age of the dominant canopy trees in the riparian forest (best models: log(10)(large wood volume (m(3) 100 m(-1))) = (0.0036 x stand age) - 0.2281, p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.80; and large wood frequency (number per 100 m) = (0.1326 x stand age) + 7.3952, p < 001, r(2) = 0.63). Bankfull width was an important factor accounting for wood volume per unit area (m(3) ha(-1)) but not the volume of wood per length of stream (100 m(-1)). The empirical models developed in this study were unsuccessful in predicting wood loading in other regions, most likely due to difference in forest characteristics and the legacy of forest disturbance. However, these models may be applicable in other streams in the northeastern US or in streams with comparable riparian forests, underlying geology, and disturbance regimes-factors that could alter long-term wood loading dynamics. Our results highlight the importance of understanding region-specific processes when planning stream restoration and stream management projects. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Warren, Dana R.; Kraft, Clifford E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keeton, William S.; Nunery, Jared S.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Likens, Gene E.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Warren, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dana.warren@noaa.gov RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012 FU EPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) graduate fellowship program; USDA Forest Service NSRC program; Mclntire-Stennis Forest Research Program; Kieckhefer Adirondack Fellowship; Cornell Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity NSF IGERT [DGE-0221658] FX We thank Allison Fritz-Penniman, Maxwell Kraft, and Madeleine Mineau, of Cornell University and numerous undergraduates from the University of Vermont field crews for their help in stream and riparian forest surveys over the course of this study. Comments from Neil Bettez, Timothy Fahey, Alex Flecker, Christine Goodale, Jim Lassoie, Julie Pett-Ridge, and two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript substantially. We thank Ian Halm, Donald Buso and Geoff Wilson for their input, especially in regard to White Mountain forests. We thank the Adirondack League Club, the Hubbard Brook Research Foundation, the SUNY ESF Huntington Wildlife Forest, and the USFS Northeastern Forest Research Station for access to land and help with project logistics. Funding for this research was provided by the EPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) graduate fellowship program, by the USDA Forest Service NSRC program, Mclntire-Stennis Forest Research Program; by a Kieckhefer Adirondack Fellowship, and by the Cornell Biogeochemistry and Environmental Biocomplexity NSF IGERT Grant (NSF DGE-0221658). This publication does not reflect the view of any sponsoring agency. NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 804 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.020 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400030 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Utegulov, ZN Shaw, JM Draine, BT AF Johnson, W. L. Kim, S. A. Utegulov, Z. N. Shaw, J. M. Draine, B. T. TI Optimization of Arrays of Gold Nanodisks for Plasmon-Mediated Brillouin Light Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; SURFACE ACOUSTIC-WAVES; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SILVER FILMS; RESONANCE; MODES; LITHOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; LATTICE AB Distributions of electric fields in two-dimensional arrays Of gold nanodisks oil a Si3N4 membrane, with light incident through the membrane, are modeled with the aim of determining array geometries for effective plasmon-mediated Brillouin light scattering ("surface-enhanced Brillouin scattering") from phonons of magnons in a specimen placed in contact with Such an array. Particular attention is devoted to average intensities and higher-wavevector components of the fields in a plane 2 rim from the circular nanodisk/vacuum interface. which is anticipated to be in the vicinity of the Surface of a specimen. For nanodisks with diameters of 50 nm, the average intensity near the circular nanodisk/vaccum interface increases as the angle of the incident tight approaches the normal Of the Si3N4 surface. At low angles of incidence relative to the Si3N4 normal, average intensities also increase with decreasing array spacing, primarily because of the corresponding changes in fractional coverage area of the gold. The highest average intensities (with near-normal incidence and 70 nm array periodicity) are found to be similar to 3 times that of the incident light. More significantly, higher-wavevector components of the fields are found to have intensities comparable to the incident light. This finding provides evidence for the feasibility Of using Surface plasmons in nanodisk or nanoline arrays to mediate Brillouin scattering from phonons or magnons with wavelengths of,I few tens of nanometers, which Would extend the wavevector range of Brillouin-scattering metrology by an order of magnitude. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Kim, S. A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Utegulov, Z. N.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Shaw, J. M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Draine, B. T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Draine, Bruce/0000-0002-0846-936X NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 33 BP 14651 EP 14657 DI 10.1021/jp903965d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 482RX UT WOS:000268907500013 ER PT J AU Wu, H Zhou, W Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Yildirim, T AF Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John. J. Yildirim, Taner TI Crystal Chemistry and Dehydrogenation/Rehydrogenation Properties of Perovskite Hydrides RbMgH3 and RbCaH3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; COMBINED NEUTRON; SYSTEM; NAMGH3; PHASE; DECOMPOSITION; LI4BN3H10 AB Crystal structure, lattice dynamics, and bonding environments of RbMgH3 and RbCaH3 were investigated using neutron powder diffraction (NPD), neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS), and first-principles calculations, RbMgH3 exhibits a 6H-BaTiO3-type hexagonal perovskite structure, and RbCaH3 forms a Pm3m simple cubic perovskite. A very short Mg-Mg distance (similar to 2.77 angstrom) was found in RbMgH3, and its structural stability was ascribed to H anion polarization and Mg-Mg bonding. Interestingly, RbCaH3 forms an ideal cubic perovskite despite its small tolerance factor. The inconsistency between the nominal tolerance factor and adopted structure types of RbCaH3 are discussed in terms of anion polarization and covalence effect on the cation-anion bond length deviations. Finally, we show that both RbMgH3 and RbCaH3 can be dehydrogenated and rehydrogenated at 300-400 degrees C under moderate pressures. C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John. J.; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU DOE through EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104]; BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was partially supported by DOE through EERE Grant No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 (to T.J.U.) and BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (to T.Y.). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 33 BP 15091 EP 15098 DI 10.1021/jp905255s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 482RX UT WOS:000268907500079 ER PT J AU Lee, MY Munroe, TA Chen, HM AF Lee, Mao-Ying Munroe, Thomas A. Chen, Hong-Ming TI A new species of tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) from Taiwanese waters SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Symphurus; flatfish; deep waters; systematics; Pepperdot tonguefish ID SYMPHURUS CYNOGLOSSIDAE; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB Symphurus multimaculatus new species, described from nine specimens captured in deep waters off Taiwan, is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: predominant 1-2-2-2-2 pattern of interdigitation of dorsal pterygiophores and neural spines, 14 caudal-fin rays, 92-94 dorsal-fin rays, 79-82 anal-fin rays, 9 abdominal and 50-51 total vertebrae, 5 hypurals, deep body (28.6-35.1 % SL), small scales (102-108 scales in longitudinal series, 45-48 scales in transverse row), blackish-brown ocular-side opercle, bluish-black blind-side opercle, uniformly reddish-brown to dark-brown ocular-side background pigmentation with some specimens also having 5-7 mostly complete crossbands, and uniformly white to light-yellow blind side with dense patches of blackish-brown chromatophores predominantly covering pterygiophore regions of the dorsal and anal fins. Symphurus multimaculatus were retrieved from commercial catches of fishing trawlers landed at three regional fish ports operating in deep waters off northeastern and southwestern Taiwan. The only information associated with these specimens is the general region of capture based on where fishing trawlers operate. Data on relative abundance, depth of capture, geographic distribution, and microhabitat conditions where this species is captured are unavailable at this time. C1 [Lee, Mao-Ying] Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Munroe, Thomas A.] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lee, Mao-Ying; Chen, Hong-Ming] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. RP Lee, MY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lab Fish Ecol & Evolut, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM coleopetera@gmail.com; munroet@si.edu; hmchen@mail.ntou.edu.tw FU National Science Council [NSC 92-2311-B-001-034]; Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica FX This work represents a portion of collecting activities investigating the biodiversity of deep-sea fishes in Taiwanese waters supported through a grant (NSC 92-2311-B-001-034) from the National Science Council to K.-T. Shao, Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica. We thank H.-C. Ho, P.-F. Lee and Y.-C. Liao for help in collecting specimens and for kindly providing other specimens used in this study. L.-P. Lin assisted with loans and shipments of specimens. M. Nizinski provided assistance and support during M.-Y. Lee's visit to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. J. Williams, J. Clayton, R. Vari and L. Parenti provided assistance with specimens in their care. M.-Y. Lee extends his appreciation to members of the Laboratory of Fish Ecology and Evolution for their support and assistance during this study. We extend our appreciation to all curators and researchers who provided specimens, loans and other materials that benefited this study. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 19 PY 2009 IS 2203 BP 49 EP 58 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 485VS UT WOS:000269153500004 ER PT J AU Newman, JDS MacCrehan, WA AF Newman, Janelle D. S. MacCrehan, William A. TI The Effect of Aniline Concentration in the Ligand Exchange Reaction with Citrate-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; CANCER; SENSOR; SIZE; THERAPY; NANOSHELLS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; POLYANILINE AB Sodium citrate reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate is one of the most, efficient routes in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). However, a major limitation of this method is that it results only in citrate-stabilized AuNPs, and exchange reactions of the citrate for another stabilizer Must be undertaken in cases where other surface functionalities are desired. These exchange reactions call be studied using a variety of techniques, Two techniques we have used for analysis are ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which takes advantage of the plasmon resonance (PR) of AuNPs, and liquid chromatography (LC) to examine residual exchanger in the supernatant at equilibrium. The exchange of the citrate on the surface of AuNPs with aniline wits studied where different concentrations of aniline are added. While the equilibrium PR band spectra were similar for high and low concentrations of added aniline, the spectra as a function of time differed markedly. Surprisingly, increasing the concentration of added aniline slowed the evolution of a second red-shifted band. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showed that addition of neither high nor low concentrations of aniline caused a significant difference in particle size, and the appearance of the large second band was most likely due to the presence of an oligomeric aniline species surrounding the particles. As aniline is known to undergo polymerization under a variety of conditions, it is postulated that aniline polymerization is a competitive event to the ligand exchange process. and increasing the aniline concentration increases the likelihood of polymerization kinetically competing with association of the aniline species interacting with the AuNP surface. This was further supported by LC data, which demonstrated that the aniline exchanged at approximately 4% of the initial amount of citrate present in the synthetic mixture. C1 [Newman, Janelle D. S.; MacCrehan, William A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newman, JDS (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM janelle.newman@nist.gov RI Newman, Janelle/C-7740-2009 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 16 BP 8993 EP 8998 DI 10.1021/la900680e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 480GG UT WOS:000268719900028 PM 19537821 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR AF Ravishankara, A. R. TI Are chlorine atoms significant tropospheric free radicals? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID GASEOUS N2O5; PARTICLES; AEROSOL; AIR C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM a.r.ravishankara@noaa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 33 BP 13639 EP 13640 DI 10.1073/pnas.0907089106 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 484WE UT WOS:000269078700003 PM 19706493 ER PT J AU Fox, RW AF Fox, Richard W. TI Temperature analysis of low-expansion Fabry-Perot cavities SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; LASERS AB Temperature dependent structural distortion at the contacted mirrors of low-expansion glass cavities can introduce changes to the cavity length independent of the length of the spacer. There are resulting temperature sensitivities of the path (m/K) at each end of a cavity that are proportional to the difference of the coefficient of thermal expansion (alpha) at the contact. The temperature sensitivity of the resonant frequency can be a minimum at a temperature TC if the product of length times alpha(T-C) of the spacer approximately offsets the combined sensitivities of the ends, even if alpha(T-C) of the spacer is significantly nonzero. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fox, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.fox@nist.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 17 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 17 BP 15023 EP 15031 DI 10.1364/OE.17.015023 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 486XA UT WOS:000269232800057 PM 19687980 ER PT J AU Myles, L Kochendorfer, J Heuer, MW Meyers, TP AF Myles, LaToya Kochendorfer, John Heuer, Mark W. Meyers, Tilden P. TI Measurement of ammonia, nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, and sulfate (PM2.5) fluxes over soybeans using the modified Bowen-ratio method SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Myles, LaToya; Kochendorfer, John; Heuer, Mark W.; Meyers, Tilden P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, ARL Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM latoya.myles@noaa.gov; john.kochendorfer@noaa.gov; mark.heuer@noaa.gov; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 67-AGRO BP 545 EP 545 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900505 ER PT J AU Wise, SA AF Wise, Stephen A. TI NIST's roles in providing measurements and standards in chemistry through collaborations with government, industry, and academia SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 98-AGRO BP 608 EP 608 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900568 ER PT J AU Aamer, KA Genson, KL Kohn, J Becker, ML AF Aamer, Khaled A. Genson, Kirsten L. Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. TI Impact of iodine containing biomaterials on fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast cell morphology: Tyrosine-derived polycarbonate blends as a model system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Aamer, Khaled A.; Genson, Kirsten L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM khaled.aamer@nist.gov; kirsten.genson@nist.gov; kohn@rutgers.edu; becker@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 434-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905459 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Fowler, BO Zeiger, DN Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Antonucci, Joseph M. Fowler, Bruce O. Zeiger, Diana N. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI POLY 239-Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of novel, antibacterial monomers for dental and biomedical applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Fowler, Bruce O.; Zeiger, Diana N.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.antonucci@nist.gov; bruce.fowler@nist.gov; diana.zeiger@nist.gov; sheng.lin-gibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 239-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906212 ER PT J AU Atienza, DO Du, BC Ryckbosch, SM Rabb, SA Tong, YY AF Atienza, Dianne O. Du, Bingchen Ryckbosch, Steven M. Rabb, Savelas A. Tong, YuYe TI CATL 11-Electrochemical 195Pt NMR investigation of Ru@Pt and Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Atienza, Dianne O.; Du, Bingchen; Ryckbosch, Steven M.; Tong, YuYe] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Rabb, Savelas A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM doa4@georgetown.edu; bd52@georgetown.edu; smr57@georgetown.edu; savelas.rabb@nist.gov; yyt@georgetown.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 11-CATL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901813 ER PT J AU Balsley, E Ford, E Lee, J Gilman, JW Fox, DM AF Balsley, Eric Ford, Erica Lee, Jieun Gilman, Jeffrey W. Fox, Douglas M. TI Polystyrene and poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites using hydrophobically modified cellulose SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Balsley, Eric; Ford, Erica; Lee, Jieun; Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ericbalsley@yahoo.com; ef0254a@american.edu; jl7843a@american.edu; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov; dfox@american.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 452-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905793 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Weiger, MC Roy, MD Aamer, KA Kohn, J AF Becker, Matthew L. Weiger, Michael C. Roy, Marc D. Aamer, Khaled A. Kohn, Joachim TI POLY 237-Polymer binding peptides via phage display SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Weiger, Michael C.; Roy, Marc D.; Aamer, Khaled A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM becker@uakron.edu; mweiger@nist.gov; Marc.Roy@nist.gov; khaled.aamer@nist.gov; kohn@rutgers.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 237-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906428 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Sander, LC Sharpless, KE AF Bedner, Mary Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI ANYL 267-Determination of theanine in green tea using LC-MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bedner, Mary; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 267-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901308 ER PT J AU Camara, JE Phinney, KW AF Camara, Johanna E. Phinney, Karen W. TI ANYL 157-Development of a candidate reference method for the quantitative detection of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Camara, Johanna E.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johanna.camara@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 157-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901096 ER PT J AU Can, SZ Briggman, KA AF Can, Suleyman Z. Briggman, Kimberly A. TI COLL 454-Interactions of functionalized fullerenes with lipids in model membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Can, Suleyman Z.; Briggman, Kimberly A.] NIST, Phys Lab, Biophys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM scan@umd.edu; kbriggma@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 454-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903472 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Lin-Gibson, S Wallace, WE Young, MF Simon, CG AF Chatterjee, Kaushik Lin-Gibson, Sheng Wallace, William E. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Combinatorial screening of hydrogel properties for 3D cell culture: Effect of stiffness on encapsulated osteoblasts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Wallace, William E.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kaushik.chatterjee@nist.gov; sheng.lin-gibson@nist.gov; william.wallace@nist.gov; mayoung@mail.nih.gov; carl.simon@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 200-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905339 ER PT J AU Chen, GD Gu, XH Zhe, DM Zhao, MH Nguyen, T Chin, JW AF Chen, Guodong Gu, Xiaohong Zhe, Dongmei Zhao, Minhua Tinh Nguyen Chin, Joannie W. TI Morphological, thermomechanical and UV degradation characteristics of polyurethane-ZnO nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Guodong; Gu, Xiaohong; Zhe, Dongmei; Zhao, Minhua; Tinh Nguyen; Chin, Joannie W.] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guodong.chen@nist.gov; xiaohong.gu@nist.gov; minhua.zhao@nist.gov; tinh.nguyen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 45-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905739 ER PT J AU Chen, YJ Antonucci, JM Zeiger, DN Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Chen, Yajun Antonucci, Joseph M. Zeiger, Diana N. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI COLL 262-Antibacterial polymeric composite based on in situ formation of silver nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Yajun; Antonucci, Joseph M.; Zeiger, Diana N.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ycheng@nist.gov; joseph.antonucci@nist.gov; diana.zeiger@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 262-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903342 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Walker, Angela R. Hight TI COLL 533-Effects of size and purification on natural oxidation of colloidal cobalt nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 533-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903463 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ Zangmeister, RA MacCuspie, RI Patri, AK Hackley, VA AF Cho, Tae Joon Zangmeister, Rebecca A. MacCuspie, Robert I. Patri, Anil K. Hackley, Vincent A. TI COLL 365-Newkome type dendron stabilized gold nanoparticles: Syntheses, reactivity, and stability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zangmeister, Rebecca A.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patri, Anil K.] NCI, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM taejoon.cho@nist.gov; razang@nist.gov; robert.maccuspie@nist.gov; patria@mail.nih.gov; vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 365-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903388 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT AF Cicerone, Marcus T. TI ANYL 313-Broadband CARS microscopy: Sensitivity, selectivity, and biological applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 313-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901301 ER PT J AU Clarke, ML Burton, R Nahm, MH Hwang, J AF Clarke, Matthew L. Burton, Robert Nahm, Moon H. Hwang, Jeeseong TI ANYL 79-Increasing the throughput of in vitro assays to measure antibodies to pneumococci SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Clarke, Matthew L.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Optic Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burton, Robert; Nahm, Moon H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. EM matthew.clarke@nist.gov; jeeseong.hwang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 79-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901124 ER PT J AU Cleveland, D Long, SE Sander, LC Murphy, KE Case, RJ Rimmer, CA AF Cleveland, Danielle Long, Stephen E. Sander, Lane C. Murphy, Karen E. Case, Ryan J. Rimmer, Catherine A. TI ANYL 127-Hyphenated methods for the quantification of free and chelated gadolinium species in nanoemulsion-based MRI contrast agent formulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cleveland, Danielle; Long, Stephen E.; Sander, Lane C.; Murphy, Karen E.; Case, Ryan J.; Rimmer, Catherine A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.long@nist.gov; karen.murphy@nist.gov; catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 127-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901254 ER PT J AU Coll, M Hines, DR Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Coll, Mariona Hines, Daniel R. Richter, Curt A. Hacker, Christina A. TI COLL 511-Flip-chip laminated molecular junctions: Effect of pressure and temperature on buried monolayers between Si and Au electrodes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Coll, Mariona; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012 OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 511-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903254 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O Ichiye, T AF Coskuner, Orkid Ichiye, Toshiko TI Soft, sticky dipole-quadrupole-octopole (SSDQO) potential energy model for water in the chemistry at Harvard molecular mechanics (CHARMM) program SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Coskuner, Orkid] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] Georgetown Univ, Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ichiye, Toshiko] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM orkidec@stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 480-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909514 ER PT J AU Dhagat, P Haverinen, HM Kline, RJ Jung, YS Fischer, DA DeLongchamp, DM Jabbour, GE AF Dhagat, Parul Haverinen, Hanna M. Kline, R. Joe Jung, Youngsuk Fischer, Daniel A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Jabbour, Ghassan E. TI Influence of dielectric surface chemistry on the microstructure and mobility of an n-type organic semiconductor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dhagat, Parul; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Haverinen, Hanna M.] Univ Oulu, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Oulu, Finland. [Kline, R. Joe; Jung, Youngsuk; Fischer, Daniel A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM parul.dhagat@asu.edu; hanna.heikkinen@asu.edu; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; jabbour@asu.edu RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 371-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905525 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH Medici, A Bongiovanni, R Antonucci, JM AF Dickens, Sabine H. Medici, Andrea Bongiovanni, Roberta Antonucci, Joseph M. TI POLY 162-Effect of fluorinated additives on polymer and composite properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dickens, Sabine H.] NIST, ADAF PRC, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Medici, Andrea; Bongiovanni, Roberta] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov; andrea.medici@polito.it; roberta.bongiovanni@polito.it; joseph.antonucci@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 162-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906221 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF AF Douglas, Jack F. TI POLY 166-Localization model of rubber elasticity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 166-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906514 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Lee, HJ Matos, MA Pakstis, LM Taboas, JM Hudson, SD Cicerone, MT AF Dunkers, Joy P. Lee, Hae-Jeong Matos, Marvi A. Pakstis, Lisa M. Taboas, Juan M. Hudson, Steven D. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Differences in PDMS modification affect laminin composition and smooth muscle cell response SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dunkers, Joy P.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Matos, Marvi A.; Pakstis, Lisa M.; Hudson, Steven D.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taboas, Juan M.] Natl Inst Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Dis, Cartilage Biol & Orthoped Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM joy.dunkers@nist.gov; hae-jeong.lee@nist.gov; lisa.pakstis@nist.gov; taboasj@mail.nih.gov; steven.hudson@nist.gov; cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 432-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905441 ER PT J AU Eppe, G Mcgaw, EA Dodder, NG Benner, BA Phinney, KW Schantz, MM AF Eppe, Gauthier McGaw, Elizabeth A. Dodder, Nathan G. Benner, Bruce A., Jr. Phinney, Karen W. Schantz, Michele M. TI ANYL 67-Identification of metabolites in a human plasma standard reference material by comprehensive 2D gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eppe, Gauthier; McGaw, Elizabeth A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Benner, Bruce A., Jr.; Phinney, Karen W.; Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gauthier.eppe@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 67-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901114 ER PT J AU Frauenrath, H Gebers, J Pernstich, KP DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ Fischer, DA AF Frauenrath, Holger Gebers, Jan Pernstich, Kurt P. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Richter, Lee J. Fischer, Daniel A. TI Hydrogen-bonded oligothiophenes processable from polar solvents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Frauenrath, Holger] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Mat, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Gebers, Jan; Pernstich, Kurt P.] ETH, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM holger.frauenrath@epfl.ch; jgebers@mat.ethz.ch; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov RI Frauenrath, Holger/I-2734-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 150-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908253 ER PT J AU Fredin, NJ Berry, BC Yager, KG Karim, A Satija, SK Pickel, DL Jones, RL AF Fredin, Nathaniel J. Berry, Brian C. Yager, Kevin G. Karim, Alamgir Satija, Sushil K. Pickel, Deanna L. Jones, Ronald L. TI Application of thermal gradients to achieve orientational order in block copolymer thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fredin, Nathaniel J.; Berry, Brian C.; Yager, Kevin G.; Karim, Alamgir; Jones, Ronald L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20854 USA. [Pickel, Deanna L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nfredin@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov; satija@nist.gov; pickeldl@ornl.gov; ronald.jones@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Pickel, Deanna/E-4778-2010 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 23-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905847 ER PT J AU Germack, DS Chan, CK Lee, TT Gundlach, DJ Richter, LJ Fischer, DA DeLongchamp, DM AF Germack, David S. Chan, Calvin K. Lee, Timothy T. Gundlach, David J. Richter, Lee J. Fischer, Daniel A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Spectroscopic investigation of active layer degradation in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Germack, David S.; Lee, Timothy T.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chan, Calvin K.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.germack@nist.gov; calvin.chan@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 364-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905780 ER PT J AU Gu, XH Wu, JT Zhao, MH Tinh, N AF Gu, Xiaohong Wu, Juntao Zhao, Minhua Tinh Nguyen TI Study of phase separation and crystallization of polystyrene-b-poly (ethylene oxide) thin films using AFM-based techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Zhao, Minhua; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Juntao] Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xiaohong.gu@nist.gov; minhua.zhao@nist.gov; tinh.nguyen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 520-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905707 ER PT J AU Hacker, CA Coll, M Richter, CA Richter, LJ AF Hacker, Christina A. Coll, Mariona Richter, Curt A. Richter, Lee J. TI COLL 510-Infrared investigation of monolayers between silicon and metal electrodes under bias SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hacker, Christina A.; Coll, Mariona; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 510-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903343 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Jung, S Zhitenev, NB AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Jung, Suyong Zhitenev, Nikolai B. TI Nanoscale photoresponse in blended organic photovoltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Jung, Suyong; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bhamadan@nist.gov; zhitenev@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 529-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905376 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI SANS from a pluronic solution SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 91-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905317 ER PT J AU Heinrich, F Valincius, G McGillivray, DJ Vanderah, DJ Shekhar, P Loschel, M AF Heinrich, Frank Valincius, Gintaras McGillivray, Duncan J. Vanderah, David J. Shekhar, Prabhanshu Loeschel, Mathias TI Molecular mechanism of membrane damage by soluble amyloid-beta oligomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heinrich, Frank; Loeschel, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loeschel, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Valincius, Gintaras] Inst Biochem, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Valincius, Gintaras] Vilnius Gedimino Tech Univ, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. [McGillivray, Duncan J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Shekhar, Prabhanshu] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM frank.heinrich@nist.gov; djvander@.nist.gov RI McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 653-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909473 ER PT J AU Henry, AC Ross, D AF Henry, Alyssa C. Ross, David TI ANYL 24-Development of a rugged, portable chemical agent detection device SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Henry, Alyssa C.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Ross, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ahenry@ara.com; david.ross@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 24-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901296 ER PT J AU Her, JH Zhou, W Stavila, V Brown, CM Udovic, TJ AF Her, Jae-Hyuk Zhou, Wei Stavila, Vitalie Brown, Craig M. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Crystal structure of Na2B12H12 and the role of cation size on the structural behavior of the alkali-metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Brown, Craig M.; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 100 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jhher@nist.gov; wzhou@nist.gov; vnstavi@sandia.gov; craig.brown@nist.gov RI Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008 OI Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 229-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905159 ER PT J AU Holmes, GA Park, ES Kim, JH Sieber, JR Rice, K McDonough, WG AF Holmes, Gale A. Park, Eun Su Kim, Jae Hyun Sieber, John R. Rice, Kirk McDonough, Walter G. TI POLY 15-Failure in poly[(benzo-[1,2-d:5,4-d']-benzoxazole-2,6-diyl)-phenylene] (PBO) soft body armor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holmes, Gale A.; Park, Eun Su; Kim, Jae Hyun; McDonough, Walter G.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sieber, John R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov; walter.mcdonough@nist.gov RI Rice, Kirk/E-5775-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 15-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906232 ER PT J AU Howarter, JA Stafford, CM AF Howarter, John A. Stafford, Christopher M. TI COLL 442-Microstructurally patterned interfaces for reversible adhesion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Howarter, John A.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 442-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903355 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Liu, Y Zajdel, P Beek, WV Zavalij, PY Briber, RM Green, MA AF Hsieh, Ping-Yen Liu, Yun Zajdel, Pawel Beek, Wouter V. Zavalij, Peter Y. Briber, Robert M. Green, Mark A. TI Lanthanide metal-organic framework materials (MOFs): Structure and properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hsieh, Ping-Yen; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yun; Zajdel, Pawel; Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beek, Wouter V.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Zavalij, Peter Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM odom0905@umd.edu; yun.liu@nist.gov; zajdel@nist.gov; wouter@esrf.fr; pzavalij@umd.edu; rbriber@umd.edu; mgreen@nist.gov RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866; Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 98-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905117 ER PT J AU Hudgens, JW Bergeron, DE Senftle, T AF Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Bergeron, Denis E. Senftle, Thomas TI Formation and degradation of diphosphine ligand-protected gold clusters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Senftle, Thomas] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bergeron, Denis E.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div 846, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hudgens@nist.gov; denis.bergeron@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 601-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909469 ER PT J AU Hudson, SD Chastek, TT AF Hudson, Steven D. Chastek, Thuy Truong TI COLL 471-Polyelectrolyte and nanoparticle adsorption to nanopatterned surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Complex Fluids Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov; truo0029@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 471-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903237 ER PT J AU Huh, JY Fagan, JA AF Huh, Ji Yeon Fagan, Jeffrey A. TI COLL 96-Purification and characterization of carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huh, Ji Yeon; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiyeon.huh@nist.gov; jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 96-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903323 ER PT J AU Hurley, MT DeMuth, P Wu, CW Galanie, S Zachariah, MR DeShong, P AF Hurley, Matthew T. DeMuth, Peter Wu, Chunwei Galanie, Stephanie Zachariah, Michael R. DeShong, Philip TI COLL 171-Factors affecting the release of guest molecules from mesoporous silica nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hurley, Matthew T.; DeMuth, Peter; Galanie, Stephanie; Zachariah, Michael R.; DeShong, Philip] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Chunwei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 171-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903451 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Gilson, MK AF Irikura, Karl K. Gilson, Michael K. TI Symmetry numbers for floppy and fluxional molecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilson, Michael K.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 483-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909583 ER PT J AU Johnson, PM Stafford, CM AF Johnson, Peter M. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Surface indentation arrays for high-throughput analysis of viscoelastic material properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Peter.Johnson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 397-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905603 ER PT J AU Johnson, RD Irikura, KK Kacker, RN Kessel, RK AF Johnson, Russell D., II Irikura, Karl K. Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger Kessel TI Uncertainties in scaling factors for ab initio anharmonic vibrational frequencies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Russell D., II; Irikura, Karl K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger Kessel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM russell.johnson@nist.gov; karl.irikura@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 491-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909522 ER PT J AU Jones, RL Zhang, XH Yager, KG Fredin, NJ Pickel, DL Douglas, JF Karim, A Satija, SK AF Jones, Ronald L. Zhang, Xiaohua Yager, Kevin G. Fredin, Nathaniel J. Pickel, Deanna L. Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Satija, Sushil K. TI Effect of casting method on nanostructure orientation in block copolymer films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jones, Ronald L.; Zhang, Xiaohua; Yager, Kevin G.; Fredin, Nathaniel J.; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pickel, Deanna L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20854 USA. EM ronald.jones@nist.gov; xzhang@nist.gov; nfredin@nist.gov; pickeldl@ornl.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov; satija@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Pickel, Deanna/E-4778-2010 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 22-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905531 ER PT J AU Kaafarani, BR Moustafa, RM Jradi, FM Degheili, JA Raad, FS El-Ballouli, AO Lucas, L Leng, SW Zeidan, TA Wex, B Patra, D Al-Sayah, MH DeLongchamp, DM Jabbour, GE Cheng, SZD AF Kaafarani, Bilal R. Moustafa, Rasha M. Jradi, Fadi M. Degheili, Jad A. Raad, Farah S. El-Ballouli, Ala'a O. Lucas, Leah Leng, Siwei Zeidan, Tarek A. Wex, Brigitte Patra, Digambara Al-Sayah, Mohammad H. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Jabbour, Ghassan E. Cheng, Stephen Z. D. TI Novel pyrene-based discoids exploited: Discovering materials for sensors, electronic and optoelectronic devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kaafarani, Bilal R.; Moustafa, Rasha M.; Jradi, Fadi M.; Degheili, Jad A.; Raad, Farah S.; El-Ballouli, Ala'a O.; Zeidan, Tarek A.; Patra, Digambara] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Chem, Beirut, Lebanon. [Lucas, Leah; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Leng, Siwei] Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Leng, Siwei] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wex, Brigitte] Lebanese Amer Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Byblos, Lebanon. [Al-Sayah, Mohammad H.] Amer Univ Sharjah, Dept Biol & Chem, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Cheng, Stephen Z. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bilal.kaafarani@aub.edu.lb; lengsiwei@gmail.com; brigitte.wex@lau.edu.lb; dp03@aub.edu.lb; malsayah@aus.edu; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; jabbour@asu.edu; scheng@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 86-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908060 ER PT J AU Kiel, J Mackay, M Kirby, B AF Kiel, Jon Mackay, Michael Kirby, Brian TI Nanoparticle distribution in polymer-based solar cells affects solar cell performance: A neutron reflectivity study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kiel, Jon] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Coll Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mackay, Michael] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kirby, Brian] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kieljw@gmail.com; mem@udel.edu; brian.kirby@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 526-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905686 ER PT J AU Kohnhorst, C Van Meter, G Stromberg, CJ Heilweil, EJ AF Kohnhorst, Casey Van Meter, Glenn Stromberg, Christopher J. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy of [FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kohnhorst, Casey; Van Meter, Glenn; Stromberg, Christopher J.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gavanmeter@yahoo.com; stromberg@hood.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 618-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909456 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, M Yager, KG Sharma, A Karim, A AF Kulkarni, Manish Yager, Kevin G. Sharma, Ashutosh Karim, Alamgir TI Microphase morphologies of lamellar block-copolymer films on fractal rough substrates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kulkarni, Manish; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Yager, Kevin G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharma, Ashutosh] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM manish.kulkarni@yahoo.com; ashutos@iitk.ac.in; alamgir@uakron.edu RI Kulkarni, Manish/A-8084-2008; Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Sharma, Ashutosh/D-1034-2011 OI Kulkarni, Manish/0000-0003-3564-1118; Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Sharma, Ashutosh/0000-0002-2653-0806 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 497-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905652 ER PT J AU Lee, J Gilman, JW Fox, DM AF Lee, Jieun Gilman, Jeffrey W. Fox, Douglas M. TI Hydrophobically modified cellulose using 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane and glycidylphenyl-POSS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Jieun; Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jl7843a@american.edu; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov; dfox@american.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 338-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905746 ER PT J AU Li, Y Zaluzhna, O Zangmeister, CD Tong, YY AF Li, Ying Zaluzhna, Oksana Zangmeister, Christopher D. Tong, YuYe TI COLL 107-Langmuir thin films of alkyl chain-protected gold nanoparticle anchored with a new chalcogen element (Se or Te) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Li, Ying; Zaluzhna, Oksana; Tong, YuYe] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zangmeister, Christopher D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yl67@georgetown.edu; oz6@georgetown.edu; yyt@georgetown.edu RI Li, Ying/B-9837-2013 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 107-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903089 ER PT J AU Lin, EK AF Lin, Eric K. TI POLY 305-Supporting polymer research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Div Polymers, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 305-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906573 ER PT J AU Lin, NJ Sheng, LG AF Lin, Nancy J. Sheng Lin-Gibson TI Effects of composite filler content and surface properties on cellular response SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin, Nancy J.; Sheng Lin-Gibson] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheng.lin-gibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 373-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905519 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Chatterjee, K Cooper, JA Wallace, WE Becker, ML Simon, CG Horkay, F AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng Chatterjee, Kaushik Cooper, James A. Wallace, William E. Becker, Matthew L. Simon, Carl G., Jr. Horkay, Ferenc TI POLY 31-PEG-hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization, and cell encapsulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Chatterjee, Kaushik; Cooper, James A.; Wallace, William E.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM sheng.lin-gibson@nist.gov; kaushik.chatterjee@nist.gov; william.wallace@nist.gov; becker@uakron.edu; carl.simon@nist.gov; horkay@helix.nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 31-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906220 ER PT J AU Lippa, KA Rimmer, CA Kuhnle, M Albert, K Sander, LC AF Lippa, Katrice A. Rimmer, Catherine A. Kuehnle, Maximillian Albert, Klaus Sander, Lane C. TI ANYL 330-Controlling shape recognition processes with novel hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon stationary phases SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lippa, Katrice A.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuehnle, Maximillian; Albert, Klaus] Univ Tubingen, Inst Organ Chem, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov; catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 330-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901218 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Walker, ARH AF Liu, Yonglin Walker, A. R. Hight TI COLL 536-Synthetic and mechanistic studies of Cu- and Cu/Au-copper sulfide hybrid nanocrystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Yonglin] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Biophys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yonglin.liu@nist.gov; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 536-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903414 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Chen, WR Porcar, L Fratini, E Faraone, A Falus, P Baglioni, P Hong, KL AF Liu, Yun Chen, Wei-Ren Porcar, Lionel Fratini, Emiliano Faraone, Antonio Falus, Peter Baglioni, Piero Hong, Kunlun TI COLL 376-Equilibrium protein cluster in solutions: Dynamic or static? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Yun; Porcar, Lionel] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Falus, Peter] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 376-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903426 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MS He, HJ Wang, LL Bunk, DM AF Lowenthal, Mark S. He, Hua-Jun Wang, Lili Bunk, David M. TI ANYL 215-Antibody characterization for development of a standardized immunoassay for human cardiac troponin I SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Bunk, David M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] NIST, Biosci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Lowenthal@nist.gov; david.bunk@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 215-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901256 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, WA Moore, S AF MacCrehan, William A. Moore, Stephanie TI ANYL 131-Assuring the quality of trace explosives' measurements with NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [MacCrehan, William A.; Moore, Stephanie] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 131-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901309 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI AF MacCuspie, Robert I. TI COLL 457-Silver nanoparticle stability in biologically relevant conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 457-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903167 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Christopher, SJ Day, RD Long, SE Marlow, A Molloy, JL Murphy, K Paul, RL Popelka-Filcoff, RS Rabb, SA Sieber, JR Spatz, RO Tomlin, BE Wood, L Yu, LL Zeisler, R Wilson, SA Jones, C Nebelsick, J AF Mackey, Elizabeth A. Christopher, Steven J. Day, Russell D. Long, Stephen E. Marlow, Anthony Molloy, John L. Murphy, Karen Paul, Rick L. Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S. Rabb, Savelas A. Sieber, John R. Spatz, Rabia Oflaz Tomlin, Bryan E. Wood, Laura Yu, Lee L. Zeisler, Rolf Wilson, Stephen A. Jones, Clifton Nebelsick, John TI ENVR 144-Certification of three soil Standard Reference Materials (R) for inorganic environmental measurements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Christopher, Steven J.; Day, Russell D.; Long, Stephen E.; Marlow, Anthony; Molloy, John L.; Murphy, Karen; Paul, Rick L.; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S.; Rabb, Savelas A.; Sieber, John R.; Tomlin, Bryan E.; Wood, Laura; Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spatz, Rabia Oflaz] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Team, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Jones, Clifton] Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Grp, Las Vegas, NV 89120 USA. [Nebelsick, John] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM steven.christopher@nist.gov; russell.day@nist.gov; stephen.long@nist.gov; anthony.marlow@nist.gov; john.molloy@nist.gov; rachel.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov; savelas.rabb@nist.gov; Rabia@nist.gov; bryan.tomlin@nist.gov; laura.wood@nist.gov; lee.yu@nist.gov; swilson@usgs.gov RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 144-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903613 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Stewart, MW Kar, A Hooker, SA AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Stewart, Michael W. Kar, Aparna Hooker, Stephanie A. TI COLL 419-Nanoparticle thin film and particle/solution interactions monitored using quartz crystal microbalances SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Stewart, Michael W.; Kar, Aparna; Hooker, Stephanie A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mansfiel@boulder.nist.gov; aparna@boulder.nist.gov; shooker@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 419-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903442 ER PT J AU Mason, SE Iceman, CR Trainor, TP Chaka, AM AF Mason, Sara E. Iceman, Christopher R. Trainor, Thomas P. Chaka, Anne M. TI GEOC 31-First principles modeling of Pb(II) adsorption at aqueous-oxide interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mason, Sara E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iceman, Christopher R.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. EM sara.mason@nist.gov; fncri@uaf.edu; fftpt@uaf.edu; anne.chaka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 31-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902812 ER PT J AU McGaw, EA Schantz, MM AF McGaw, Elizabeth A. Schantz, Michele M. TI ENVR 34-Effect of temperature on pressurized fluid extraction of PAHs in particulate matter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGaw, Elizabeth A.; Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.mcgaw@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 34-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903624 ER PT J AU Medhurst, LJ Chu, P Rhoderick, G AF Medhurst, Laura J. Chu, Pamela Rhoderick, George TI ANYL 81-Comparison of calculated IR frequencies and intensities using density functional theory, many body perturbation theory, and Hartree-Fock with quality-assured experimental data SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Medhurst, Laura J.] Marymount Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Chu, Pamela; Rhoderick, George] NIST, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.medhurst@marymount.edu; pamela.chu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 81-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901346 ER PT J AU Michaels, CA Masiello, T Chu, P AF Michaels, Chris A. Masiello, Tony Chu, Pamela TI ANYL 375-Fourier transform spectrometry with a near infrared supercontinuum source SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Michaels, Chris A.; Chu, Pamela] NIST, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Masiello, Tony] Calif State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, E Bay, CA 94542 USA. EM chris.michaels@nist.gov; tony.masiello@csueastbay.edu; pamela.chu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 375-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901174 ER PT J AU Miller, AE Greene, ME Goldner, LS Helmerson, K AF Miller, Abigail E. Greene, Mark E. Goldner, Lori S. Helmerson, Kristian TI Probing aptamer dynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Miller, Abigail E.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Greene, Mark E.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldner, Lori S.] Univ Massachussetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Helmerson, Kristian] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM abigail.miller@nist.gov; mark.greene@nist.gov; lgoldner@physics.umass.edu RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 546-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909149 ER PT J AU Millican, JN Phelan, D Thomas, EL Leao, J Carpenter, E AF Millican, Jasmine N. Phelan, Daniel Thomas, Evan L. Leao, Juscelino Carpenter, Elisabeth TI Pressure-induced effects on the structure of the FeSe superconductor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Millican, Jasmine N.; Phelan, Daniel; Leao, Juscelino; Carpenter, Elisabeth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, Evan L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, USAF, RZPG UDRI,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jasmine.millican@nist.gov; daniel.phelan@nist.gov; evan.thomas@wpafb.af.mil; juscelino.leao@nist.gov; elisabeth.carpenter@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 334-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000529 ER PT J AU Molloy, JL Sieber, JR Zeisler, RL AF Molloy, John L. Sieber, John R. Zeisler, Rolf L. TI ANYL 46-Using chemometric methods to assess heterogeneity in reference materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Molloy, John L.; Sieber, John R.; Zeisler, Rolf L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.molloy@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 46-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901075 ER PT J AU Moore, NM Becker, ML AF Moore, Nicole M. Becker, Matthew L. TI Enhancing MC3T3-E1 osteoblast proliferation using immobilized osteogenic growth peptide on gradient substrates synthesized via click chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, Nicole M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM nicole.moore@nist.gov; becker@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 205-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905395 ER PT J AU Moore, SM MacCrehan, WA Schantz, MM AF Moore, Stephanie Marie MacCrehan, William A. Schantz, Michele M. TI ANYL 121-Metrology and standards for canine olfactory detection of explosives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, Stephanie Marie; MacCrehan, William A.; Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.moore@nist.gov; william.maccrehan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 121-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901290 ER PT J AU Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Li, W Zhou, XB Lock, R AF Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Li, Wen Zhou, Xibin Lock, Robynne TI Probing coupled electron and nuclear dynamics in polyatomic molecules using ultrafast X-rays SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM murnane@jila.colorado.edu; wli@jila.colorado.edu; Xibin.Zhou@colorado.edu; Robynne.Hooper@colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 38-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909200 ER PT J AU Nablo, BJ Robertson, JWF Reiner, JE Kasianowicz, JJ AF Nablo, Brian J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Reiner, Joseph E. Kasianowicz, John J. TI ANYL 76-Membrane-anchored analytes as molecular rulers for protein nanopores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nablo, Brian J.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Reiner, Joseph E.; Kasianowicz, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.nablo@nist.gov; joseph.robertson@nist.gov; joseph.reiner@nist.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 76-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901293 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Ziemkiewicz, M Zolot, AM Roscioli, JR Perkins, BG AF Nesbitt, David J. Ziemkiewicz, Michael Zolot, Alexander M. Roscioli, Joseph R. Perkins, Bradford G. TI State-resolved reactive scattering: Gas-phase vs. gas-liquid dynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 113-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909449 ER PT J AU Neumann, DA AF Neumann, Dan A. TI POLY 309-Polymer research activities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dan.neumann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 309-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906575 ER PT J AU Newman, JDS Blanchard, GJ MacCrehan, WA AF Newman, Janelle D. S. Blanchard, Gary J. MacCrehan, William A. TI COLL 50-Interactions of gold nanoparticles and their precursors with aniline monomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [MacCrehan, William A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Blanchard, Gary J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM janelle.newman@nist.gov; blanchard@chemistry.msu.edu; william.maccrehan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 50-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903104 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B AF Nikoobakht, Babak TI Horizontally grown zinc oxide nanowires: Lattice strain characterization, properties and applications in addressable nanochannels and device fabrication SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Interface Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov RI Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 457-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000502 ER PT J AU Pang, YY Sung, LP Watson, SS AF Pang, Yongyan Sung, Lipiin Watson, Stephanie S. TI Dispersion of nanoparticles in polymeric matrices and its effect on physical properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pang, Yongyan; Sung, Lipiin; Watson, Stephanie S.] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yongyan.pang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 414-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905622 ER PT J AU Parekh, S Lee, YJ Kim, YH Cicerone, MT AF Parekh, Sapun Lee, Young Jong Kim, Yeon Ho Cicerone, Marcus T. TI ANYL 99-Broadband CARS imaging of bacterial pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Parekh, Sapun; Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Yeon Ho] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, DVBIC AFIP Annex, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM marcus.cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 99-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901299 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, Rick L. TI ANYL 139-Development of a radiochemical neutron activation analysis procedure to measure low-level arsenic in biologicals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 139-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901244 ER PT J AU Phelan, F Bauer, BJ AF Phelan, Fredrick, Jr. Bauer, Barry J. TI ANYL 291-Separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using field-flow fractionation techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Phelan, Fredrick, Jr.; Bauer, Barry J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Frederick.Phelan@nist.gov; barry.bauer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 291-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901372 ER PT J AU Phillips, MM Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA AF Phillips, Melissa M. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. TI ANYL 262-Certification of organic acid and flavonol concentrations in Vaccinium berry Standard Reference Materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Phillips, Melissa M.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melissa.meaney@nist.gov; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov; stephen.wise@nist.gov RI Phillips, Melissa/E-8030-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 262-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901211 ER PT J AU Raghavan, D Ashley, K Douglas, JF Benkoski, JJ Karim, A AF Raghavan, D. Ashley, Karen Douglas, Jack F. Benkoski, Jason J. Karim, Alamgir TI COLL 538-Transition in dewet nanoparticle formation with substrate surface energy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Raghavan, D.; Ashley, Karen] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Benkoski, Jason J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM draghavan@howard.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 538-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903502 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ Ryan, K Brown, CM AF Ramirez-Cuesta, A. J. Ryan, Kate Brown, Craig M. TI Ab initio calculations of the dynamics of some hydrogen storage materials, comparing inelastic neutron scattering spectra SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ramirez-Cuesta, A. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ryan, Kate] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM A.J.Ramirez-Cuesta@rl.ac.uk; craig.brown@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 260-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905288 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Nablo, BJ Kasianowicz, JJ Robertson, JWF AF Reiner, Joseph E. Nablo, Brian J. Kasianowicz, John J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. TI ANYL 75-High-resolution single-molecule analysis of nanopore-based detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Nablo, Brian J.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reiner@nist.gov; brian.nablo@nist.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov; joseph.robertson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 75-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901311 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Lippa, KA Sander, LC Wise, SA AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Lippa, Katrice A. Sander, Lane C. Wise, Stephen A. TI ANYL 176-Reversed-phase liquid chromatography stationary phases for molecular shape recognition SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Sander, Lane C.; Wise, Stephen A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.rimmer@nist.gov; katrice.lippa@nist.gov; stephen.wise@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 176-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901321 ER PT J AU Sambasivan, S Prabhu, VM Fischer, DA Sundberg, L Allen, RD AF Sambasivan, Sharadha Prabhu, Vivek M. Fischer, Daniel A. Sundberg, Linda Allen, Robert D. TI Surface compositional profile of photoacid generators: Effects of water immersion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sambasivan, Sharadha] Suffolk Cty Community Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Selden, NY 11784 USA. [Prabhu, Vivek M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sundberg, Linda; Allen, Robert D.] IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. EM sambass@sunysuffolk.edu; rdallen@almaden.ibm.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 61-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905819 ER PT J AU Sathish, RS Kostov, Y Smith, DS Rao, G AF Sathish, R. Sai Kostov, Yordan Smith, Derek S. Rao, Govind TI COLL 353-Application of surface plasmon-coupled emission as a low-cost resonant filter to monitor discrete excited states of fluorophores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sathish, R. Sai; Kostov, Yordan; Rao, Govind] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Ctr Adv Sensor Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Smith, Derek S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ssr@umbc.edu; kostov@umbc.edu; derek.smith@nist.gov; grao@umbc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 353-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903021 ER PT J AU Shaw, GA Pratt, JR AF Shaw, Gordon A. Pratt, Jon R. TI COLL 238-DNA as a molecular force standard in the 10 piconewton regime SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shaw, Gordon A.; Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Mass & Force Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gordon.shaw@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 238-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903151 ER PT J AU Shaw, GA Ross, DJ Fick, SE Vreeland, WN AF Shaw, Gordon A. Ross, David J. Fick, Steven E. Vreeland, Wyatt N. TI ANYL 251-Contactless differential conductivity detection for high-conductivity matrices in capillary electrophoresis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shaw, Gordon A.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mass & Force Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ross, David J.; Vreeland, Wyatt N.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Multiplexed Biomol Sci Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fick, Steven E.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Dev & Applicat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gordon.shaw@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 251-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901108 ER PT J AU Simmons, JM Yildirim, T AF Simmons, Jason M. Yildirim, Taner TI Thermally activated pore opening in a metal organic framework SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Simmons, Jason M.; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] UPENN, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.simmons@nist.gov; taner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 162-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905255 ER PT J AU Simpson, J Fagan, JA Hobbie, EK Walker, ARH AF Simpson, Jeff Fagan, Jeffrey A. Hobbie, Erik K. Walker, A. R. Hight TI Raman spectroscopy of length-separated single-walled carbon nanotubes: The effect of dispersant on defects SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Simpson, Jeff] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Hobbie, Erik K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jrsimpson@towson.edu; jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov; erik.hobbie@nist.gov; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 147-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909614 ER PT J AU Simpson, J Walker, ARH AF Simpson, Jeff Walker, A. R. Hight TI Micro-Raman spectroscopy of graphene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Simpson, Jeff] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jrsimpson@towson.edu; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 581-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909401 ER PT J AU Smith, DS Tarlov, MJ AF Smith, Derek S. Tarlov, Michael J. TI BIOT 157-Lectin-based glycosylation profiling of IgG via plasmonic fluorescence enhancement SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Derek S.; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM derek.smith@nist.gov; michael.tarlov@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 157-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901593 ER PT J AU Solomon, S AF Solomon, Susan TI SOCED 9-Ozone depletion: The story of a successful international agreement and its relevance for climate change SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Solomon, Susan] NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 9-SOCED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906655 ER PT J AU Spurlin, TA Forry, S Cooksey, GA Plant, AL AF Spurlin, Tighe A. Forry, Samuel Cooksey, Gregory A. Plant, Anne L. TI ANYL 64-Preparation of collagen type I fibrillar films in microfluidic devices for cell screening applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Spurlin, Tighe A.; Forry, Samuel; Cooksey, Gregory A.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tighe.spurlin@nist.gov; sam.forry@nist.gov; gregory.cooksey@nist.gov; anne.plant@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 64-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901189 ER PT J AU Stafford, CM Chung, JY Huang, HQ Nolte, AJ Johnson, PM Chan, EP AF Stafford, Christopher M. Chung, Jun Young Huang, Heqing Nolte, Adam J. Johnson, Peter M. Chan, Edwin P. TI POLY 264-Adhesion and mechanics of complex polymer interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stafford, Christopher M.; Chung, Jun Young; Huang, Heqing; Nolte, Adam J.; Johnson, Peter M.; Chan, Edwin P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junyoung.chung@nist.gov; Peter.Johnson@nist.gov; edwin.chan@nist.gov RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 264-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906382 ER PT J AU Stavila, V Her, JH Kartin, M Zhou, W Hwang, SJ Kim, C Udovic, TJ AF Stavila, Vitalie Her, Jae-Hyuk Kartin, Mutlu Zhou, Wei Hwang, Son-Jong Kim, Chul Udovic, Terrence J. TI Alkali and alkaline-earth dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates and their relevance to hydrogen storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stavila, Vitalie; Kartin, Mutlu] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Son-Jong] Caltec, Dept Chem Eng, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kim, Chul] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vnstavi@sandia.gov; jhher@nist.gov; wzhou@nist.gov RI Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008 OI Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 764-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000090 ER PT J AU Sung, LP Zhe, DM Forster, AM Krommenhoek, PJ Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Sung, Li-Piin Zhe, Dongmei Forster, Aaron M. Krommenhoek, Peter J. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Effect of nanosilica fillers on surface morphology and mechanical properties of polymer-silica composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Zhe, Dongmei; Forster, Aaron M.; Krommenhoek, Peter J.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lipiin@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 75-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905467 ER PT J AU Thomas, EL Wong-Ng, W Phelan, D Millican, JN Barnes, PN AF Thomas, Evan L. Wong-Ng, Winnie Phelan, Daniel Millican, Jasmine N. Barnes, Paul N. TI Thermoelectric behavior of new materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thomas, Evan L.] Univ Dayton, Inst Res, USAF, Res Lab WPAFB,AFPL RZPG UDRI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, Daniel; Millican, Jasmine N.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, RZPG, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM evan.thomas@wpafb.af.mil; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; daniel.phelan@nist.gov; jasmine.millican@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 273-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000362 ER PT J AU Vallone, PM AF Vallone, Peter M. TI ENVR 42-New technology integration: Benefits of interlaboratory testing in DNA forensics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 42-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903770 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Hartman, MR Bacon, ME Jenkins, TA Rush, JJ Udovic, TJ AF Verdal, Nina Hartman, Michael R. Bacon, Margaret E. Jenkins, Timothy A. Rush, John J. Udovic, Terrence J. TI Hydrogen dynamics of alkali-metal borohydrides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Verdal, Nina; Jenkins, Timothy A.; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hartman, Michael R.; Bacon, Margaret E.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov; margbaco@umich.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 224-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905186 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Guttman, CM Flynn, KM AF Wallace, William E. Guttman, Charles M. Flynn, Kathleen M. TI ANYL 356-Simple step-by-step approach to insure quantitative molecular mass distribution measurement of polydisperse samples SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wallace, William E.; Guttman, Charles M.; Flynn, Kathleen M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.wallace@nist.gov; charles.guttman@nist.gov; kathy.flynn@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 356-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901086 ER PT J AU Watson, R Popelka-Filcoff, R Kramer-Marek, G Mackey, EA Spatz, RO Capala, J AF Watson, Russell Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel Kramer-Marek, Gabriela Mackey, Elizabeth A. Spatz, Rabia O. Capala, Jacek TI ANYL 96-Quantitation of gold in biological tissues using neutron activation analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Watson, Russell; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Spatz, Rabia O.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer-Marek, Gabriela; Capala, Jacek] NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20878 USA. EM russell.watson@nist.gov; rachel.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 96-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901088 ER PT J AU Watson, SS Tseng, IH AF Watson, Stephanie S. Tseng, I-Hsiang TI Measuring photocatalytic response of metal oxide fillers in polymeric films using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Watson, Stephanie S.; Tseng, I-Hsiang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.watson@nist.gov; ihsiang.tseng@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 547-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905627 ER PT J AU Weber, JM AF Weber, J. Mathias TI Low-energy photoelectron spectroscopy of nitroalkane anions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weber, J. Mathias] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 291-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909653 ER PT J AU Weiger, MC Park, J Roy, MD Karim, A Becker, ML AF Weiger, Michael C. Park, JungJin Roy, Marc D. Karim, Alamgir Becker, Matthew L. TI Characterization of a specific hydroxyapatite-binding peptide using SPR imaging SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weiger, Michael C.; Park, JungJin; Roy, Marc D.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mweiger@nist.gov; Marc.Roy@nist.gov; becker@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 429-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905365 ER PT J AU Williams, E Davydov, AV Schreifels, J Mulpuri, VR AF Williams, Elissa Davydov, Albert V. Schreifels, John Mulpuri, Venkata R. TI Bioconjugation to Si- and C- faces of 6H-SiC thin films for biosensor applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, Elissa; Schreifels, John] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mulpuri, Venkata R.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ehwill@nist.gov; davydov@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 834-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000779 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Otani, M Thomas, EL Green, ML Chang, KS Schenck, PK Yang, JH AF Wong-Ng, Winnie Otani, Makoto Thomas, Evan L. Green, Martin L. Chang, Kao-Shuo Schenck, Peter K. Yang, Jihui TI Combinatorial studies of thermoelectric intermetallic materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wong-Ng, Winnie; Otani, Makoto; Thomas, Evan L.; Green, Martin L.; Chang, Kao-Shuo; Schenck, Peter K.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Jihui] Gen Motors R&D Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; makoto_ohtani@nifty.com; ethoma7@gmail.com; martin.green@nist.gov; kao-shuo.chang@nist.gov; peter.schenck@nist.gov; jihui.yang@gm.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 272-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000348 ER PT J AU Wood, LJ Francini, L Sharpless, KE Yen, JH Yu, LL AF Wood, Laura J. Francini, Lorena Sharpless, Katherine E. Yen, James H. Yu, Lee L. TI ANYL 138-Development and certification of Standard Reference Materials for the measurement of nutrition elements in food and dietary supplements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wood, Laura J.; Francini, Lorena; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Yen, James H.; Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.wood@nist.gov; lorena.francini@nist.gov; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov; james.yen@nist.gov; lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 138-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901206 ER PT J AU Yoon, DY Song, M Lee, SI Kim, D Meyer, WH Page, KA Peng, HG Soles, CL AF Yoon, Do Y. Song, Myeongsoo Lee, Sung Il Kim, Dukho Meyer, Wolfgang H. Page, Kirt A. Peng, Huagen Soles, Christopher L. TI POLY 287-Structure and properties of anhydrous polymer electrolyte membranes containing phosphonic acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yoon, Do Y.; Song, Myeongsoo; Lee, Sung Il; Kim, Dukho] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Meyer, Wolfgang H.] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, DE-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Page, Kirt A.; Peng, Huagen; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dyyoon@snu.ac.kr; meyer@mpip-mainz.mpg.de; christopher.soles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 287-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906367 ER PT J AU Yu, LL AF Yu, Lee L. TI ANYL 137-Developing standard reference materials (SRM) for trace elements and anions in frozen urine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yu, Lee L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 137-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901050 ER PT J AU Zaluzhna, O Li, Y Zangmeister, CD Tong, YY AF Zaluzhna, Oksana Li, Ying Zangmeister, C. D. Tong, YuYe TI Attachment chemistry between gold nanoparticles and chalcogen-containing alkyl ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zaluzhna, Oksana; Li, Ying; Tong, YuYe] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zangmeister, C. D.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM oz6@georgetown.edu; y167@georgetown.edu; christopher.zangmeister@nist.gov; yyt@georgetown.edu RI Li, Ying/B-9837-2013 OI Li, Ying/0000-0003-3466-4115 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 639-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909404 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, RA AF Zangmeister, Rebecca A. TI BIOT 207-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of surface induced protein aggregation on bioprocessing materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zangmeister, Rebecca A.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM razang@nist.gov RI Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 207-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901400 ER PT J AU Zeiger, DN Sun, JR Schumacher, GE Lin-Gibson, S AF Zeiger, Diana N. Sun, Jirun Schumacher, Gary E. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI 3D evaluation of composite shrinkage and potential leakage in extracted teeth by X-ray microcomputed tomography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zeiger, Diana N.; Sun, Jirun; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schumacher, Gary E.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM diana.zeiger@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 440-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905698 ER PT J AU Zeiger, DN Lin, NJ Stafford, CM Lin-Gibson, S AF Zeiger, Diana N. Lin, Nancy J. Stafford, Christopher M. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI COLL 555-Effect of surface properties of photopolymerized dimethacrylate films on bacterial adhesion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zeiger, Diana N.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM diana.zeiger@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 555-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903150 ER PT J AU Zhao, YL Gonzalez, CA Meot-Ner, M AF Zhao, Yi-Lei Gonzalez, Carlos A. Meot-Ner, M. TI A tight-binding study of ionic hydrogen-bond networks in ion solvation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhao, Yi-Lei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. [Zhao, Yi-Lei] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Gonzalez, Carlos A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meot-Ner, M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 197-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904006 ER PT J AU Zhitenev, NB Jung, SY Hamadani, BH Sidorenko, A AF Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Jung, Suyong Hamadani, Behrang H. Sidorenko, Alexander TI Nanoscale electrical and photoelectrical characterization of thin polymer films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Jung, Suyong; Hamadani, Behrang H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sidorenko, Alexander] Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Chem & Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sidorenko, Alexander] Univ Sci Philadelphia, Ctr Drug Design & Delivery, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM zhitenev@nist.gov; bhamadan@nist.gov; a.sidorenko@usp.edu RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 508-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905674 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Role of open metal sites on H-2 and CH4 adsorption in metal organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 160-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905225 ER PT J AU Baremore, IE Andrews, KI Hale, LF AF Baremore, Ivy Elizabeth Andrews, Kate Irene Hale, Loraine Frances TI Difficulties associated with modeling growth in the Atlantic angel shark (Squatina dumeril) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Age; Growth; Squatina dumeril; Bayesian; Length-based von Bertalanffy ID VERTEBRAL CARTILAGE; UROBATIS-HALLERI; ROUND STINGRAY; SEAL-BEACH; AGE; CALIFORNIA; SKATE; DEPOSITION; OCEAN; GULF AB Several methods were used in an attempt to develop an age and growth model for the Atlantic angel shark (Squatina dumeril). Band counts from vertebral sections, which were fit to the traditional von Bertalanffy growth equation, the Gompertz growth equation, and the two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth equation, did not produce realistic parameter estimates. Additionally, a length-based Bayesian model was applied to fishery-independent length-frequency data. and a full Bayesian model was fitted to length-at-age data to estimate parameters for von Bertalanffy growth equation. Both the length-based and full Bayesian models failed to converge; the length-frequency data showed high bimodality unrelated to season, year, or other factors, and band counts were not predictable by length. Vertebral band counts were not valid for ageing Atlantic angel sharks, and length-based methods, which require normally distributed length-frequencies, were not appropriate for this data set. This study represents the first attempt at modeling age and growth for this species and provides research guidelines for future research initiatives. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baremore, Ivy Elizabeth; Andrews, Kate Irene; Hale, Loraine Frances] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Ivy.Baremore@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries Service Exempted Fishing Permit [HMS-EFP-0301, EFP-04-01, EFP-05-01] FX Thanks to Raffield Fisheries for their help and supply of angel sharks throughout the years. L. Hollensead and D. Bethea helped with processing of animals, and M. Winton, H. Moncrieff, H. McCann, and T. Dillon sectioned the vertebrae. G. Pellegrin provided the SEAMAP data used in the analysis. Thanks also to M. Passerotti for reviewing a previous version of this manuscript. All Atlantic angel sharks were collected with a NOAA Fisheries Service Exempted Fishing Permit (HMS-EFP-0301, EFP-04-01, EFP-05-01). NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.06.006 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 486KA UT WOS:000269193700007 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Levine, LE Chaka, AM AF Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. Chaka, A. M. TI Elongation and breaking mechanisms of gold nanowires under a wide range of tensile conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AU NANOWIRES; STRAIN-RATE; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION; ATOMS; CONDUCTANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Semistatic density functional theory is used to explore the evolution of [110] and [111] gold nanowires during tensile deformation under a wide range of conditions, including different tensile axes (along high- and low-symmetry directions), nanowire shapes, and effective strain rates. Large structural changes are observed during the elongation. The analysis of such low-energy intermediate configurations provides quantitative information about the underlying energy landscape that cannot be obtained through experiments or more approximate modeling methods, and four stable intermediate atomic structures are identified. A rich diversity of deformation pathways is uncovered that converge to only two final local configurations with reproducible breaking strengths, in agreement with experimental results. Such a high reproducibility in the breaking force makes gold nanowires excellent candidates as intrinsic force standards at the nanolevel. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3200957] C1 [Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.; Chaka, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ftavazza@nist.gov NR 69 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 043522 DI 10.1063/1.3200957 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800037 ER PT J AU Conte, M Carley, AF Attard, G Herzing, AA Kiely, CJ Hutchings, GJ AF Conte, Marco Carley, Albert F. Attard, Gary Herzing, Andrew A. Kiely, Christopher J. Hutchings, Graham J. TI Hydrochlorination of acetylene using supported bimetallic Au-based catalysts (vol 257, pg 190, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Correction C1 [Conte, Marco; Carley, Albert F.; Attard, Gary; Hutchings, Graham J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales. [Herzing, Andrew A.; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hutchings, GJ (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, POB 912, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales. EM hutch@cf.ac.uk RI Carley, Albert/A-7372-2010; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; OI Conte, Marco/0000-0002-1399-0344 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 266 IS 1 BP 164 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.06.002 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 488CN UT WOS:000269326800018 ER PT J AU Koster, RD Guo, ZC Yang, RQ Dirmeyer, PA Mitchell, K Puma, MJ AF Koster, Randal D. Guo, Zhichang Yang, Rongqian Dirmeyer, Paul A. Mitchell, Kenneth Puma, Michael J. TI On the Nature of Soil Moisture in Land Surface Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WETNESS; CLIMATE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EMISSIONS; SCHEMES; PROJECT; RUNOFF; STATES; AREAS AB The soil moisture state simulated by a land surface model is a highly model-dependent quantity, meaning that the direct transfer of one model's soil moisture into another can lead to a fundamental, and potentially detrimental, inconsistency. This is first illustrated with two recent examples, one from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) involving seasonal precipitation forecasting and another from the realm of ecological modeling. The issue is then further addressed through a quantitative analysis of soil moisture contents produced as part of a global offline simulation experiment in which a number of land surface models were driven with the same atmospheric forcing fields. These latter comparisons clearly demonstrate, on a global scale, the degree to which model-simulated soil moisture variables differ from each other and that these differences extend beyond those associated with model-specific layer thicknesses or soil texture. The offline comparisons also show, however, that once the climatological statistics of each model's soil moisture variable are accounted for (here, through a simple scaling using the first two moments), the different land models tend to produce very similar information on temporal soil moisture variability in most parts of the world. This common information can perhaps be used as the basis for successful mappings between the soil moisture variables in different land models. C1 [Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Guo, Zhichang; Dirmeyer, Paul A.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Yang, Rongqian; Mitchell, Kenneth] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Puma, Michael J.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Koster, RD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM randal.d.koster@nasa.gov RI Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Puma, Michael/0000-0002-4255-8454 FU Earth Science Enterprise of NASA headquarters FX This research was supported by funding from the Earth Science Enterprise of NASA headquarters. We gratefully acknowledge WCRP/GEWEX/GLASS for coordinating GSWP-2, and we particularly thank all of the individual modelers who contributed their data to GSWP-2. NR 37 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 16 BP 4322 EP 4335 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2832.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481IW UT WOS:000268802600006 ER PT J AU Wu, XX Jargon, JA Skoog, RA Paraschis, L Willner, AE AF Wu, Xiaoxia Jargon, Jeffrey A. Skoog, Ronald A. Paraschis, Loukas Willner, Alan E. TI Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Optical Performance Monitoring SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neural networks; optical fiber communication; optical performance monitoring; phase modulation ID EYE-DIAGRAM; RF AB Applications using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for optical performance monitoring (OPM) are proposed and demonstrated. Simultaneous identification of optical signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion ( CD), and polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) from eye-diagram parameters is shown via simulation in both 40 Gb/son-off keying ( OOK) and differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) systems. Experimental verification is performed to simultaneously identify OSNR and CD. We then extend this technique to simultaneously identify accumulated fiber nonlinearity, OSNR, CD, and PMD from eye-diagram and eye-histogram parameters in a 3-channel 40 Gb/s DPSK wave-length-division multiplexing (WDM) system. Furthermore, we propose using this ANN approach to monitor impairment causing changes from a baseline. Simultaneous identification of accumulated fiber nonlinearity, OSNR, CD, and PMD causing changes from a baseline by use of the eye-diagram and eye-histogram parameters is obtained and high correlation coefficients are achieved with various baselines. Finally, the ANNs are also shown for simultaneous identification of in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) data misalignment and data/carver misalignment in return-to-zero differential quadrature phase shift keying (RZ-DQPSK) transmitters. C1 [Wu, Xiaoxia; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jargon, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Skoog, Ronald A.] Telcordia Technol Inc, Opt Networking Res, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. [Paraschis, Loukas] Cisco, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Wu, XX (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM xi-aoxia@usc.edu FU DARPA CORONET PARAGON Program; U. S. Department of Commerce; Cisco Systems FX Manuscript received January 15, 2009; revised May 20, 2009. First published June 02, 2009; current version published July 24, 2009. This work was supported by the DARPA CORONET PARAGON Program, the U. S. Department of Commerce, and Cisco Systems, and is not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 16 BP 3580 EP 3589 DI 10.1109/JLT.2009.2024435 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 474LJ UT WOS:000268284500004 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Martinez, R Knappe, S Griffith, WC Kitching, J AF Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo Knappe, Svenja Griffith, W. Clark Kitching, John TI Conversion of laser-frequency noise to optical-rotation noise in cesium vapor SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; AMPLITUDE NOISE; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; PHASE NOISE AB We have studied the noise in the optical rotation of a linearly polarized laser beam transmitted through a spin-polarized (133)CS vapor as a function of its frequency detuning from the optical resonance. Our measurements demonstrate the direct conversion of the laser-frequency noise into optical rotation noise by the dispersive response of the atomic vapor. We describe this noise-conversion process in terms of a simple model that can be used to optimize the performance of atomic devices, such as atomic magnetometers, that use optical rotation as their operational signal. C1 [Jimenez-Martinez, Ricardo; Knappe, Svenja; Griffith, W. Clark; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jimenez-Martinez, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jimenezm@nist.gov OI Griffith, William Clark/0000-0002-0260-1956 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [MM-1568]; U.S. government FX The authors thank Darwin Serkland for providing the VCSEL used in this work. This work was supported by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, project MM-1568. R. Jimenez was supported by the Roberto Rocca Education Program. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 16 BP 2519 EP 2521 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494LT UT WOS:000269815400046 PM 19684835 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik TI Fiber-coupled semiconductor waveguides as an efficient optical interface to a single quantum dipole SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB We theoretically investigate the interaction of a single quantum dipole with the modes of a fiber-coupled semiconductor waveguide. Through a combination of tight modal confinement and phase-matched evanescent coupling, we predict that approximate to 70% of the dipole's emission can be collected into a single-mode optical fiber. We further show that the dipole strongly modifies resonant light transmission through the system, with a change of over 1 order of magnitude for an appropriate choice of fiber-waveguide coupler geometry. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Srinivasan, Kartik/D-6369-2010 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (NIST CNST)/University of Maryland FX This work was partly supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology-Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (NIST CNST)/University of Maryland (UMD)-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 16 BP 2542 EP 2544 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494LT UT WOS:000269815400054 PM 19684843 ER EF