FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McCormick, GP Witzgall, C AF McCormick, GP Witzgall, C TI Logarithmic SUMT limits in convex programming SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE analytic center; barrier function; convex programming; degeneracy; faithfully convex; interior point method; optimization; self-concordant; strictly complementary; strongly optimal; SUMT; weakly analytic; trajectory; Wolfe-dual program ID POLYNOMIAL-TIME ALGORITHM AB The limits of a class of primal and dual solution trajectories associated with the Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique (SUMT) are investigated for convex programming problems with non-unique optima. Logarithmic barrier terms are assumed. For linear programming problems, such limits of both primal and dual trajectories - are strongly optimal, strictly complementary, and can be characterized as analytic centers of, loosely speaking, optimality regions. Examples are given, which show that those results do not hold in general for convex programming problems. If the latter are weakly analytic (Bank et al. [3]), primal trajectory limits can be characterized in analogy to the linear programming case and without assuming differentiability. That class of programming problems contains faithfully convex, linear, and convex quadratic programming problems as strict subsets. In the differential case, dual trajectory limits can be characterized similarly, albeit under different conditions, one of which suffices for strict complementarity. C1 George Washington Univ, SEAS, Dept Operat Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McCormick, GP (reprint author), George Washington Univ, SEAS, Dept Operat Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 90 IS 1 BP 113 EP 145 DI 10.1007/PL00011416 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 411XM UT WOS:000167525000006 ER PT J AU Mangan, MA Spanos, G McMichael, RD Chen, PJ Egelhoff, WF AF Mangan, MA Spanos, G McMichael, RD Chen, PJ Egelhoff, WF TI Effects of annealing on the microstructure and giant magnetoresistance of Co-Cu-based spin valves SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CO/CU MULTILAYERS; EXCHANGE-ANISOTROPY; FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; THERMAL-STABILITY; FILMS; NIO; GMR; TEMPERATURES; INTERFACES AB The effect of annealing on the microstructure and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) properties of NiO/ Co/Cu/Co bottom spin valves is investigated using conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The value of the GMR of these spin valves is observed to decrease from 12.2 to 2.7 pet after annealing in a vacuum for 30 minutes at 335 degreesC. This decrease is attributed to an increase in the roughness of the Co and Cu layers. In annealed specimens, grain boundary grooving is also observed in the antiferromagnetic NiO pinning layer at the NiO/Co interface, and the location of these grooves correlates with waviness in the Co/Cu interfaces. An increase in the Neel "orange-peel" coupling between the ferromagnetic Co layers, resulting from the increased roughness of the Co/Cu interfaces, accompanies the degradation of the GMR. C1 USN, Res Lab, Phys Met Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mangan, MA (reprint author), Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 32 IS 3 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0074-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 407ZX UT WOS:000167303000014 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, DE TI Castaing's electron microprobe and its impact on materials science SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Topical Symposium of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY AUG 01-05, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OREGON SP Microbeam Anal Soc DE electron microprobe; electron probe microanalyzer; failure analysis; materials science; phase diagram; X-ray microanalysis AB The development of the: electron microprobe by Raymond Castaing provided a great stimulus to materials science at a critical time in its history. For the first time, accurate elemental analysis could be performed with a spatial resolution of 1 mum, well within the dimensions of many microstructural features. The impact of the microprobe occurred across the entire spectrum of materials science and engineering. Contributions to the basic infrastructure of materials science included more accurate and efficient determination of Phase diagrams and diffusion coefficients. The study of the microstructure of alloys was greatly enhanced by electron microprobe characterization of major, minor, and trace phases, including contamination. Finally, the electron microprobe has proven to be a critical tool for materials engineering, particularly to study failures, which often begin on a micro-scale and then propagate to the macro-scale with catastrophic results. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, MS 8371,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 178 EP 192 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 441BM UT WOS:000169211200011 ER PT J AU Walker, DK Williams, DF Padilla, A Arz, U Grabinski, H AF Walker, DK Williams, DF Padilla, A Arz, U Grabinski, H TI A four-port microwave measurement system to speed on-wafer calibration and test SO MICROWAVE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTICONDUCTOR AB A four-port measurement systems comprising an inexpensive coaxial switch matrix and a comprehensive free software packages extends the capabilities of a user's two-port automatic network analyzer and probe station to three- and four-port measurements. The software includes routines for calibration, measurement and correction, and generates normal and differential scattering and impedance parameters in a variety of standards data formats. Any in-line, two-port calibration, including the multiline thru-reflect-line method, may be used to correct the measurement data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Hannover, Informat Technol Lab, Hannover, Germany. RP Walker, DK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HORIZON HOUSE PUBLICATIONS INC PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA SN 0192-6225 J9 MICROWAVE J JI Microw. J. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 44 IS 3 BP 148 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 415NH UT WOS:000167727300029 ER PT J AU Hittelman, AM Lockridge, PA Whiteside, LS Lander, JF AF Hittelman, AM Lockridge, PA Whiteside, LS Lander, JF TI Interpretive pitfalls in historical hazards data SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE catalogs; seismicity; tsunamis; volcanoes; historical data errors AB The primary use of the natural hazards data archived at the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and co-located World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics (WDC for SEG) is for the mitigation of future disasters. Among the responsibilities of NGDC/WDC for SEG is archiving and disseminating hazards data to city planners, educators, engineers and others engaged in mitigation efforts (approximately 150,000 users per week on our web site). Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to educate the hazards' community about some of the limitations of these data. It is hoped that enlightened users would have a greater appreciation of data errors and possible sources of misinterpretation of the data. Personnel at NGDC/WDC for SEG are in a unique position to discuss the limitations of hazards data since we compile data from original and secondary sources. We are also in direct contact with the data users and know the applications that they make of hazard data, and the misjudgments that often occur when data limitations are not known. Most hazard catalogs cover periods of less than 200 years and are reasonably complete and accurate for only the past 20 to 50 years. Such catalogs are not sufficient to investigate long term hazard variations. Earthquake, tsunami, and volcano data catalogs, acquired and integrated at NGDC/WDC for SEG, illustrate artificial long-term variations created by cultural and scientific reporting changes, which can introduce unanticipated non-random variations into the catalogs. Inconsistencies are often related to changes in the way magnitudes are calculated, evolving network equipment, and network discontinuities of operation and personnel, among other error sources. Before statistical hazard studies can be done, catalogs need to be clearly understood to identify systematic patterns of an observational nature. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Solid Earth Geophys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hittelman, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Solid Earth Geophys, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 315 EP 338 DI 10.1023/A:1011144703109 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 417UX UT WOS:000167853500013 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ AF Churnside, JH Wilson, JJ TI Airborne lidar for fisheries applications SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE lidar; ocean optics; fish; polarization ID FISH SCHOOLS AB An airborne lidar using commercial, off-the-shelf components was developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for fisheries' surveys. We make several test flights of the system and develop several signal processing techniques to discriminate between the returns from fish and from small particles in the water. We use these techniques to produce several products of use to fisheries' biologists. Examples are presented of gray-scale images similar to those produced by acoustic echo sounders, of maps of spatial distributions of fish, and of vertical profiles of fish biomass. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical instrumentation Engineers. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 11 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1117/1.1348000 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 415HB UT WOS:000167714400011 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Phelan, FR Sanders, DP Everett, MJ Green, WH Hunston, DL Parnas, RS AF Dunkers, JP Phelan, FR Sanders, DP Everett, MJ Green, WH Hunston, DL Parnas, RS TI The application of optical coherence tomography to problems in polymer matrix composites SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical coherence tomography; composites; microstructure; permeability; damage; imaging ID FIBROUS POROUS-MEDIA; INPLANE FLOW AB The Composites Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has found optical coherence tomography (OCT) to be a powerful tool for non-destructive characterization of polymer matrix composites. Composites often exhibit superior properties to traditional materials such as wood and metal. However, the barrier to their widespread infiltration into consumer markets is cost. Composites can be made more cost competitive by improved composite design, process optimization, and quality control. OCT provides a means of evaluating the three aforementioned areas. OCT is a very versatile technique that can be applied to a variety of problems in polymer composites such as: microstructure determination for permeability and mechanical property prediction, void, dry spot, and defect detection, and damage evaluation. Briefly, OCT uses a low coherence source such as a superluminescent diode laser with a fiber optic based Michelson interferometer, Tn this configuration, the composite is the fixed arm of the interferometer. Reflections from heterogeneities within the sample are mapped as a function of thickness for any one position. Volume information is generated by translating the sample on a motorized stage. Information about the location and size of a feature within the composite is obtained. In this work, the power of OCT for imaging composite microstructure and damage is presented. An example of permeability prediction using the composite microstructure imaged from OCT is demonstrated. The effect of image processing on the value of permeability is discussed. Using the same sample, OCT imaging of composite impact damage is compared to more traditional techniques, X-ray computed tomography and confocal microscopy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(01)00010-0 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 426LU UT WOS:000168351300001 ER PT J AU Grother, P Casasent, D AF Grother, P Casasent, D TI Optical path difference measurement techniques for SLMs SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; optical path difference; spatial light modulators ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL-TELEVISION; SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; DISTORTION; CORRELATOR AB A simple measurement method to obtain 2-D spatial point-by-point optical path difference (OPD) data for spatial light modulators (SLMs) is described. A simple imaging system is used that allows measurements of all SLM parameters on the same laboratory system. Simple digital processing of the output image for a uniform applied input voltage provides OPD data. Simple methods to confirm amplitude-mostly SLM operation are also provided. Results are presented for Kopin and CRL liquid crystal SLMs. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Casasent, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 189 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)01176-7 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 408AU UT WOS:000167305000006 ER PT J AU Dziezega, K Griesmann, U Nave, G Bratasz, L AF Dziezega, K Griesmann, U Nave, G Bratasz, L TI Absolute transition rates for transitions from 5p levels in KrII SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID XE-II; COINCIDENCE TECHNIQUE; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; EXCITED-LEVELS; AR-II; NE AB Branching ratios (BR) were measured for 155 electric dipole transitions from 5p and 5p' levels of singly ionized Kr between 200 Mn and 2400 nm. Of these, 83 were measured for the first time. Absolute transition rates for prominent lines, with uncertainties as low as 3% tone standard deviation), were determined with published mean lifetime data for the upper levels. The small uncertainties of our data resolve the discrepancies that were found between several previous measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dziezega, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Bratasz, Lukasz/0000-0002-5277-2606 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.063a00209 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 410UC UT WOS:000167456800006 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Reader, J AF Sansonetti, CJ Reader, J TI Spectrum and energy levels of singly-ionized mercury (Hg II) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID LOW-LYING LEVELS; SPECTROSCOPY; LIFETIME; VI AB The spectrum of singly-ionized mercury (Hg II) has been observed from 500 Angstrom to 9880 Angstrom with sliding sparks and pulsed-RF discharges on 10.7-m grating spectrographs in vacuum and air. About 500 lines have been classified as transitions between 114 energy levels. In addition to revising the existing system of 5d(10)nl, 5d(9)6s(2), and 5d(9)6s6p energy levels, we have located new levels of the 5d(8)6s(2)6p, 5d(9)6s7p, 5d(9)6s5f, 5d(9)6s7s, 5d(9)6s6d, and 5d(9)6p(2) configurations, which occur in the region of the ionization limit. Many of the observed configurations were theoretically interpreted by means of Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels. The fitted parameters were used to calculate oscillator strengths for most of the classified lines. The ionization energy was revised to 151284.4 +/- 0.3 cm(-1) (18.75687 +/- 0.00004 eV). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 BP 219 EP 242 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.063a00219 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 410UC UT WOS:000167456800007 ER PT J AU Taichenachev, AV Tumaikin, AM Yudin, VI Hollberg, L AF Taichenachev, AV Tumaikin, AM Yudin, VI Hollberg, L TI Two-dimensional sideband Raman cooling and Zeeman-state preparation in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARD; PHOTON RECOIL; LASER; ATOMS; CESIUM AB A method of sideband Raman cooling to the vibrational ground state of the m=0 Zeeman sublevel in a far-detuned two-dimensional optical lattice is proposed. In our scheme, the Raman coupling between vibrational manifolds of the adjacent Zeeman sublevels is shifted to the red sideband due to the ac Stark effect induced by a weak pump field. Thus cooling and optical pumping to m=0 are achieved by purely optical means with coplanar cw laser beams. The optical lattice and cooling parameters are estimated in the framework of simple theoretical models. An application of the transverse sideband cooling method to frequency standards is discussed. Coherent population trapping for the sideband Raman transitions between the degenerate vibrational levels is predicted. C1 Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Taichenachev, AV (reprint author), Novosibirsk State Univ, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015 OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 AR 033402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.033402 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 408HP UT WOS:000167321000080 ER PT J AU Nachumi, B Ichikawa, N Nakamura, Y Uchida, S AF Nachumi, B Ichikawa, N Nakamura, Y Uchida, S TI Raman scattering evidence of a disordered structural phase transition in La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRIPE; LA1.6-XND0.4SRXCUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XBAXCUO4; ORDER AB We report the temperature dependence of the polarized Raman scattering intensity for a single-crystal sample of La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4 which is known to exhibit antiphase stripe magnetic/charge order below T similar or equal to 30 K. In zz polarization conditions, the soft mode associated with the tilts/distortions of the (La/Nd/Sr)(2)CuO6 structural units hardens significantly, narrows, and this peak becomes asymmetric as the orthorhombic-tetragonal transition is approached from above. Below the structural transition this mode softens significantly and the peak becomes more symmetric. A nearby mode, associated with the bending of the cations, shows a splitting below this transition. Several additional modes are also observed in zz and yy polarization conditions. We discuss these results in terms of structural disorder in the doped (La/Sr/Nd)(2)CuO4 system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Nachumi, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Nakamura, Yasunobu/H-1300-2012 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 9 AR 092103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.092103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 408DV UT WOS:000167312000003 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Chen, Y Broholm, CL Honda, Z Katsumata, K AF Zheludev, A Chen, Y Broholm, CL Honda, Z Katsumata, K TI Haldane-gap excitations in the low-H-c one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet Ni(C5D14N2)(2)N-3(PF6) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID S=1 HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN DYNAMICS; CHAIN; NENP; Y2BANIO5; CSNICL3; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB Inelastic neutron scattering on deuterated single-crystal samples is used to study Haldane-gap excitations in the new S=1 one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet Ni(C5D14N2)(2)N-3(PF6), that was recently recognized as an ideal model system for high-field studies. The Haldane gap energies Delta (x)=0.42(3) meV, Delta (y) = 0.52(6) meV, and Delta (t) = 1.9(1) meV, for excitations polarized along the a, b, and c crystallographic axes, respectively, are measured. The dispersion relation is studied for momentum transfers both along and perpendicular to the chains' direction. The in-chain exchange constant J = 2.8 meV is found to be much larger than interchain coupling, J(y) = 1.8(4) x 10(-3) meV and J(x) = 4(3) x 10(-4) meV, along the b and a axes, respectively. The results are discussed in the context of future experiments in high magnetic fields. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 10 AR 104410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.104410 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 409TQ UT WOS:000167402100052 ER PT J AU Martys, NS Douglas, JF AF Martys, NS Douglas, JF TI Critical properties and phase separation in lattice Boltzmann fluid mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID HYDRODYNAMIC SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; DILUTE POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; FIELD CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; NEAR-CRITICAL POINT; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; MEAN-FIELD; SHEAR-FLOW; COEXISTENCE-CURVE AB Basic equilibrium properties of lattice Boltzmann (LB) fluid mixtures (coexistence curve, surface tension, interfacial profile, correlation length) are calculated to characterize the critical phenomena occurring in these model liquids and to establish a reduced variable description allowing a comparison with real fluid mixtures. We observe mean-field critical exponents and amplitudes so that the LB model may be useful for modeling high molecular weight polymer blends and other fluid mixtures approximated over a wide temperature range by mean-field theory. We also briefly consider phase separation under quiescent and shearing conditions and point out the strong influence of interacting boundaries on the qualitative form of the late-stage phase-separation morphology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Mat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 149 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2001 VL 63 IS 3 AR 031205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.63.031205 PN 1 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 413QU UT WOS:000167623900024 PM 11308640 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN AF Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN TI Adjusting the values of the fundamental constants SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Fundamental Constants Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Fundamental Constants Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.1366065 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 407BX UT WOS:000167252500010 ER PT J AU Bergquist, JC Jefferts, SR Wineland, DJ AF Bergquist, JC Jefferts, SR Wineland, DJ TI Time measurement at the millennium SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARD; FEMTOSECOND LASER; PHASE-CONTROL; ION; SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET; MICROWAVE; FOUNTAIN C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bergquist, JC (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAR PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1063/1.1366066 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 407BX UT WOS:000167252500011 ER PT J AU Melendez-Alvira, DJ Picone, JM Kelley, OA Zhou, Q Sulzer, MP AF Melendez-Alvira, DJ Picone, JM Kelley, OA Zhou, Q Sulzer, MP TI Bimodality in the climatological topside electron and exospheric temperature distributions at Arecibo SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ionospheric Effect Symposium (IES 99) CY MAY 04-06, 1999 CL ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Fed Aviat Adm, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Air Force Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Fed Communicat Commiss, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Naval Res Lab, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, NW Res Associates, USA, Communicat Electr Command, Innovat Solut Int Inc ID THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; IONOSPHERE; O+ AB We report on the local time, occurrence frequency, and solar activity variations of the measured electron temperature and the ratio of the electron to ion temperatures at 589 km, and the inferred exospheric neutral temperatures. The World Day measurements at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, were made between 1985 and 1995, spanning both solar maximum and minimum conditions during predominantly quiet geomagnetic conditions. Histograms of the electron and exospheric temperatures reveal bimodal distributions. The electron temperature bimodality is primarily due to the sharp difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures whereas the exospheric temperature bimodality is primarily due to the difference between high and low solar activity. The nighttime exosphere and the electrons at 589 km are hotter by up to 400 K during high solar activity than during low solar activity. The daytime electrons at 589 km are, however, colder after 0800 LT during high solar activity than during low solar activity. The daytime ratio of electron to ion temperatures is also lower at high solar activity but not until after 1000 LT on average. Unlike the electron temperature at 589 km, the distribution of the electron to ion temperatures is unimodal. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Melendez-Alvira, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Forecast Off San Juan, 4000 Rd 190, Carolina, PR 00979 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1029/2000RS002435 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 415VR UT WOS:000167744700013 ER PT J AU Codrescu, MV Beierle, KL Fuller-Rowell, TJ Palo, SE Zhang, XL AF Codrescu, MV Beierle, KL Fuller-Rowell, TJ Palo, SE Zhang, XL TI More total electron content climatology from TOPEX/Poseidon measurements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ionospheric Effect Symposium (IES 99) CY MAY 04-06, 1999 CL ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA SP Air Force Off Sci Res, Fed Aviat Adm, Off Naval Res, Air Force Res Lab, Air Force Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Fed Communicat Commiss, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Naval Res Lab, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, NW Res Associates, USA, Communicat Electr Command, Innovat Solut Int Inc ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; THERMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE AB We have used the TOPEX satellite data set to compare climatologies of total electron content (TEC) measurements from the dual-frequency altimeter with the Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS) TEC results and with the international reference ionosphere (IRI) and Bent model predictions corresponding to the satellite measurements. We have used the TOPEX measurements from launch in 1992 through 1997 to build a database that includes time, geographic and geomagnetic coordinates of the measurement, geomagnetic indices (Kp, previous Kp, hemispheric power, and integral of hemispheric power over the previous 36 hours), solar index (F10.7), TOPEX and DORIS TEC measurements, and empirical model (IRI and Bent) results corresponding to the TOPEX measurements. We have binned the measurements in a magnetic local time, magnetic latitude coordinate system to produce global maps of TEC. We present climatological differences between TOPEX TEC and DORIS measurements as well as between TOPEX and the two empirical models. The maps were constructed using all appropriate TOPEX TEC data, DORIS TEC measurements, and the corresponding Bent and IRI model results for solar minimum conditions. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, RESE, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Codrescu, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, RESE, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI PALO, SCOTT/0000-0002-4729-4929 NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 36 IS 2 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1029/1999RS002407 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 415VR UT WOS:000167744700014 ER PT J AU Dipippo, LC Wolfe, VF Esibov, L Cooper, G Bethmangalkar, R Johnston, R Thuraisingham, B Mauer, J AF Dipippo, LC Wolfe, VF Esibov, L Cooper, G Bethmangalkar, R Johnston, R Thuraisingham, B Mauer, J TI Scheduling and priority mapping for static real-time middleware SO REAL-TIME SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE real-time; CORBA; distributed; static; priority mapping; scheduling AB This paper presents a middleware real-time scheduling technique for static, distributed, real-time applications. The technique uses global deadline monotonic priority assignment to clients and the Distributed Priority Ceiling protocol to provide concurrency control and priorities for server execution. The paper presents a new algorithm for mapping the potentially large number of unique global priorities required by this scheduling technique to the restricted set of priorities provided by commercial real-time operating systems. This algorithm is called Lowest Overlap First Priority Mapping; we prove that it is optimal among direct priority mapping algorithms. This paper also presents the implementation of these real-time middleware scheduling techniques in a Scheduling Service that meets the interface proposed for such a service in the Real-Time CORBA 1.0 standard. Our prototype Scheduling Service is integrated with the commercial PERTS tool that provides schedulability analysis and automated generation of global and local priorities for clients and servers. C1 NCCOS, RDT & E DIV NRaD, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Dipippo, LC (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6443 J9 REAL-TIME SYST JI Real-Time Syst. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 155 EP 182 DI 10.1023/A:1008189804392 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 399FM UT WOS:000166801000003 ER PT J AU Stroeve, JC Box, JE Fowler, C Haran, T Key, J AF Stroeve, JC Box, JE Fowler, C Haran, T Key, J TI Intercomparison between in situ and AVHRR polar pathfinder-derived surface Albedo over Greenland SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT AB The Advanced Very High Resolution (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP) data provides the first long-time series of consistent, calibrated surface albedo and surface temperature data for the polar regions. Validations of these products have consisted of individual studies that analyzed algorithm performance for limited regions and or time periods. This article reports on comparisons made between the APP-derived surface albedo and that measured at 14 automatic weather stations (AWS) around the Greenland ice sheet from January 1997 to August 1998. Results show that satellite-derived surface albedo values are on average 10% less than those measured by the AWS stations. However, the station measurements tend to be biased high by about 4% and thus the differences in absolute albedo may be less (e.g., 6%). In regions of the ice sheet where the albedo variability is small, such as the dry snow facies, the APP albedo uncertainty exceeds the natural variability. Further work is needed to improve the absolute accuracy of the APP-derived surface albedo. Even so, the data provide temporally and spatially consistent estimates of the Greenland ice sheet albedo. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, NSIDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RP Stroeve, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NSIDC, Campus Box 449, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Stroeve, Julienne/D-1525-2010; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; NR 21 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 75 IS 3 BP 360 EP 374 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00179-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 475VU UT WOS:000171190900005 ER PT J AU Lin, YJ Mahabaleshwarkar, R Massina, E AF Lin, YJ Mahabaleshwarkar, R Massina, E TI CAD-based CMM dimensional inspection path planning - a generic algorithm SO ROBOTICA LA English DT Article DE generic algorithm; path planning; CAD; CMM inspection ID COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES; ENVIRONMENT; GENERATION; SYSTEM AB This paper describes a newly developed algorithm for CAD-based dimensional inspection path planning utilizing coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). The algorithm guarantees to provide optimum collision-free inspection probe paths by using the topological structure of the boundary representation (B-rep) solid CAD models of the inspected parts. A concept of automatic generation of optimum and collision free path in three dimensional space using available CAD database is proposed. The algorithm is generic for generating probe path over prismatic polyhedral parts. It serves as a principal part of the inspection path planning system. It is based on the modified ray tracing technique which uses a B-Rep data from any geometric modeling systems. Between start point and target point, an imaginary ray is established and if an intersection with part is encountered, an optimal detour path is created avoiding interference of the probe with the part. The generated path consists of linear segments joining start point and target point by various intermediate points. To locate these intermediate points in the consideration space, topological and geometrical structures of the part models are used at the time of decision making. To examine and implement the algorithm, a user-friendly application is developed employing AutoCAD Runtime Extension (ARX) development environment with object oriented programming (OOP) techniques, running on a Windows NT workstation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the results of the implementation demonstrating optimum collision-free dimensional inspection path generation for four representative prismatic part models. All in all, this work contributes to the knowledge-base formation of automated dimensional inspection research area and paves a way for the integration of CMMs into a CAD/CAM environment, thus automate the process of design, manufacturing and quality assurance. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, YJ (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-4930 USA SN 0263-5747 J9 ROBOTICA JI Robotica PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 19 BP 137 EP 148 PN 2 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 416WT UT WOS:000167803900003 ER PT J AU Perugini, CN AF Perugini, CN TI Behind the accuracy of electronic charts SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Marine Chart Div, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Perugini, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Chart Div, Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 417KH UT WOS:000167833800006 ER PT J AU Gean, KA Arkenau, LJ Black, DM AF Gean, KA Arkenau, LJ Black, DM TI NOAA supports paper chart users with weekly chart updates SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOS, Update Serv, Marine Chart Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gean, KA (reprint author), NOS, Update Serv, Marine Chart Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 417KH UT WOS:000167833800007 ER PT J AU Bellitto, C DiMarco, MG Branford, WR Green, MA Neumann, DA AF Bellitto, C DiMarco, MG Branford, WR Green, MA Neumann, DA TI Cation distribution in Ga-doped Li1.02Mn2O4 SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; neutron diffraction; cation ordering; spinel; LiMn2O4 ID BATTERIES; SYSTEM; LIGAO2 AB The structure of Ga-doped spinel oxides with the general formula, Li1.02Mn2-xGaxO4, has been studied by neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. Rietveld refinement of the neutron data confirms that the Ga3+ ions selectively occupy the octahedral (16d) sites of the lattice. The absence of gallium ions from the tetrahedral (8a) or the additional octahedral (16c) is thought to be an important factor in the material's increased performance as a cathode in a rechargeable lithium ion battery. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, London W1X 4BS, England. CNR, Ist Clin Mat, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, 21 Albemarle St, London W1X 4BS, England. EM mark@ri.ac.uk RI BELLITTO, Carlo/F-1566-2010; Branford, Will/K-4375-2012 OI Branford, Will/0000-0002-4821-4097 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 EI 1872-7689 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 140 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00710-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 418TD UT WOS:000167906700008 ER PT J AU Bjornsson, H Willmott, AJ Mysak, LA Maqueda, MAM AF Bjornsson, H Willmott, AJ Mysak, LA Maqueda, MAM TI Polynyas in a high-resolution dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model and their parameterization using flux models SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAWRENCE ISLAND POLYNYA; TIME-DEPENDENT MODEL; COASTAL POLYNYA; ARCTIC-OCEAN; SHALLOW CONVECTION; WATER; WIND; HALOCLINE; CLIMATE; SIZE AB This paper presents an analysis of the solutions for a steady state latent heat polynya generated by an applied wind stress acting over a semi-enclosed channel using: (a) a dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model, and (b) a steady state Bur model. We examine what processes in the sea ice model are responsible for the maintenance of the polynya and how sensitive the results are to the choice of theological parameters. We find that when the ice is driven onshore by an applied wind stress, a consolidated ice pack forms downwind of a zone of strong convergence in the ice velocities. The build-up of internal stresses within the consolidated ice pack becomes a crucial factor in the formation of this zone and results in a distinct polynya edge. Furthermore, within the ice pack the across-channel ice velocity varies with the across-channel distance. It is demonstrated that provided this velocity is well represented, the steady state polynya Bur model solutions are in close agreement with those of the sea ice model. Experiments with the sea ice model also show that the polynya shape and area are insensitive to (a) the sea ice theology; (b) the imposition of either free- slip or no-slip boundary conditions. These findings are used in the development of a simplified model of the consolidated ice pack dynamics, the output of which is then compared with the sea ice model results. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this study for the modelling of the North Water Polynya in northern Baffin Bay. C1 Univ Keele, Dept Math, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher Ocean Sci, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. McGill Univ, Ctr Climate & Global Change, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. RP Willmott, AJ (reprint author), Univ Keele, Dept Math, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 53 IS 2 BP 245 EP 265 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0870.2001.00113.x PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 451PL UT WOS:000169810400007 ER PT J AU Spina, AP AF Spina, AP TI Incubation discharge and aspects of brown trout population dynamics SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DOWNSTREAM DISPLACEMENT; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; TRUTTA-L; STREAM; DENSITY; DEPTHS; FLOODS; SCOUR; RIVER AB Data from an 11-year study of a population of brown trout Salmo trutta showed that peak discharge at the time of incubation was inversely related to year-class strength (density of young of the year estimated in fall), which suggests that scouring of nests is a source of temporal variation in the density of young of the year. Relationships between cohort (individuals spawned the same year) age-groups provide a clue that discharge related year-class strength might influence the population dynamics of a year-class over time. C1 Entrix Inc, Walnut Creek, CA 94594 USA. RP Spina, AP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM anthony.spina@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 130 IS 2 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0322:IDAAOB>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 437GW UT WOS:000168984800011 ER PT J AU Milly, PCD AF Milly, PCD TI A minimalist probabilistic description of root zone soil water SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; VEGETATION; BALANCE; DYNAMICS; STORAGE AB The probabilistic response of depth-integrated soil water to given climatic forcing can be described readily using an existing supply-demand-storage model. An apparently complex interaction of numerous soil, climate, and plant controls can be reduced to a relatively simple expression for the equilibrium probability density function of soil water as a function of only two dimensionless parameters. These are the index of dryness (ratio of mean potential evaporation to mean precipitation) and a dimensionless storage capacity (active root zone soil water capacity divided by mean storm depth). The first parameter is mainly controlled by climate, with surface albedo playing a subsidiary role in determining net radiation. The second is a composite of soil (through moisture retention characteristics), vegetation (through rooting characteristics), and climate (mean storm depth). This minimalist analysis captures many essential features of a more general probabilistic analysis, but with a considerable reduction in complexity and consequent elucidation of the critical controls on soil water variability. In particular, it is shown that (1) the dependence of mean soil water on the index of dryness approaches a step function in the limit of large soil water capacity; (2) soil water variance is usually maximized when the index of dryness equals 1, and the width of the peak varies inversely with dimensionless storage capacity; (3) soil water has a uniform probability density function when the index of dryness is 1 and the dimensionless storage capacity is large; and (4) the soil water probability density function is bimodal if and only if the index of dryness is <1, but this bimodality is pronounced only for artificially small values of the dimensionless storage capacity. C1 US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Milly, PCD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1029/2000WR900337 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 408EE UT WOS:000167312900002 ER PT J AU Anderson, BT Roads, JO Chen, SC Juang, HMH AF Anderson, BT Roads, JO Chen, SC Juang, HMH TI Model dynamics of summertime low-level jets over northwestern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL ARIZONA CONVECTION; REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WINDS; PREDICTION; FORECASTS; SURGES AB Using a fine-scale nested regional modeling system, the diurnal forcing of summertime low-level winds over the Gulf of California and northwestern Mexico is investigated. On diurnal timescales, simulated nocturnal low-level jets develop over the northern portion of the Gulf, the foothills of the Sierra Madre accidental, and parts of southern Arizona. The southerly component of the nocturnal jet is' the result of a geostrophic balance; involving the Coriolis force and a cross-gulf pressure gradient force associated with nighttime slope cooling over the elevated Sierra Madre Occidental. Additionally, horizontal temperature gradients over the sloped orography produce vertical variations in this cross-gulf pressure gradient force, generating the jet-like vertical shear in wind components above the nocturnal boundary layer; frictional effects are responsible for producing shear in the wind profiles below the boundary layer This balance is distinctly different from the inertial balance that is believed to be:responsible for the low-level jet over the Great Plains region of the United States. Daytime winds are part of a directly driven wind field forced dy horizontal pressure gradients associated with Slope heating (up the Sierra Madre Occidental) and sea-land temperature gradients (north of the Gulf). During synoptically forced surge events, a similar diurnal cycle in low-level flow is still present; however, the local thermal forcing appears to be superimposed upon the large-scale synoptic forcing, resulting in weaker up-slope flow during the day and stronger along-slope flow at night. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Anderson, BT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, 2525 Correa Rd,HIG 341, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D4 BP 3401 EP 3413 DI 10.1029/2000JD900491 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405JE UT WOS:000167155600008 ER PT J AU Harley, RA McKeen, SA Pearson, J Rodgers, MO Lonneman, WA AF Harley, RA McKeen, SA Pearson, J Rodgers, MO Lonneman, WA TI Analysis of motor vehicle emissions during the Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TUSCARORA MOUNTAIN TUNNELS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FORT MCHENRY; LOS-ANGELES; INVENTORY AB On-road gasoline and diesel-powered Vehicle emissions in Nashville, Tennessee, were characterized using fuel sales as a measure of vehicle activity, and emission factors derived from infrared remote sensing, ambient air concentration ratios, and roadway tunnel measurements. On-road vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) on weekdays during summer 1995 were estimated to be 270 +/- 60, 43 +/- 13, and 53 +/- 9 metric tons per day, respectively. Diesel engines were a minor source of CO and NMHC, but were responsible for similar to 50% of NOx emissions from on-road vehicles. The Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE 5B emission model predictions were similar to fuel-based estimates for ail pollutants, except for NOx where the MOBILE model predicted a smaller contribution to total on-road vehicle emissions from diesel engines. Chemical composition profiles for hydrocarbon emissions were developed based on tunnel air and fuel samples collected in Nashville during summers 1995 and 1999. More than half of the tunnel NMHC mass was liquid fuel that escaped combustion; the remaining mass came from products of incomplete combustion such as ethane, acetylene, C-2-C-4 alkenes, and 1,3-butadiene. No major changes in the composition of vehicle-related NMHC emissions were observed between 1995 and 1999 in Nashville. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, ERL, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harley, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D4 BP 3559 EP 3567 DI 10.1029/2000JD900677 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405JE UT WOS:000167155600018 ER PT J AU Hovde, DC Hodges, JT Scace, GE Silver, JA AF Hovde, DC Hodges, JT Scace, GE Silver, JA TI Wavelength-modulation laser hygrometer for ultrasensitive detection of water vapor in semiconductor gases SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASERS; FREQUENCY-MODULATION; TRACE MOISTURE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; 2ND-HARMONIC DETECTION; LINE-SHAPES; SPECTROMETRY; COEFFICIENTS; SIGNALS; CELL AB Water vapor is measured by use of a near-infrared diode laser and wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy. Humidity levels as low as 5 nmol/mol [1 nmol/mol = 1 ppb (1 ppb equals 1 part in 10(9))] of water vapor in air are measured with a sensitivity of better than 0.2 nmol/mol (3 sigma). The sensitivity, Linearity, and stability of the technique are determined in experiments conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, by use of the low frost-point humidity generator over the range from 5 nmol/mol to 2.5 mu mol/mol of water vapor in air. The pressure-broadening coefficients for water broadened by helium [0.0199(6) cm(-1) atm(-1) HWHM] and by hydrogen chloride [0.268(6) cm(-1) atm(-1) HWHM] are reported for the water line at 1392.5 nm. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.0120, 120.6200, 300.0300, 300.1030, 300.6260, 300.6380. C1 SW Sci Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hovde, DC (reprint author), SW Sci Inc, 1570 Pacheco St,Suite E-11, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. EM dchovde@swsciences.com RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1364/AO.40.000829 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 400ZA UT WOS:000166901500013 PM 18357063 ER PT J AU Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK AF Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK TI Electron attachment cross sections and negative ion states of SF6 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Review DE cross sections; electron attachment; negative ions; SF6; sulfur hexafluoride ID HIGH RYDBERG STATES; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; HIGH-N; INTERMEDIATE-N; RATE CONSTANTS; XENON ATOMS; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; COLLISIONS; ENERGY AB A comprehensive and critical assessment of published data on the total, dissociative and nondissociative electron attachment cross sections for SF6 allowed us to recommend or suggest room temperature values for these cross sections over an energy range from 0.0001 eV to 15 eV. The total electron attachment cross section is dominated by the formation of SF6- below similar to0.2 eV, by the formation of SF; between similar to0.3 eV and 1.5 eV, and by the formation of F- beyond similar to2.0 eV. This work, along with electron scattering and theoretical data, allowed us also to identify the energies and symmetry assignments of the negative ion states of SF6 below similar to 15 eV. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Christophorou, LG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 109 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 205 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00280-3 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 402YQ UT WOS:000167016100006 ER PT J AU Shaheen, PA Stehlik, LL Meise, CJ Stoner, AW Manderson, JP Adams, DL AF Shaheen, PA Stehlik, LL Meise, CJ Stoner, AW Manderson, JP Adams, DL TI Feeding behavior of newly settled winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) on calanoid copepods SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acartia hudsonica; Eurytemora affinis; Pseudopleuronectes americanus; selective predation ID EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; PREY SELECTION; COASTAL AREA; LARVAL FISH; BALTIC SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; ESTUARY; PREDATION AB Field and laboratory investigations were conducted to examine feeding by newly settled winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) on two co-occurring calanoid copepods, Eurytemora affinis and Acartia hudsonica. During the spring, these prey are present when winter flounder initiate their demersal lifestyle in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Epibenthic zooplankton were collected concurrently with winter flounder in the Navesink River estuary, NJ, in May 1998 and 1999. Although both calanoid species were in the estuary during the 2-year survey, E. affinis was consumed nearly to the exclusion of A. hudsonica by newly settled winter flounder. Annually, E. affinis and A. hudsonica had similar size distributions in field collections, indicating that species choice was not size selective. However, when preying on E. affinis, winter flounder preferred the larger sized organisms. In single species laboratory experiments, E. affinis and A. hudsonica were consumed equally by newly settled winter flounder (19-23 mm TL), but there were more strikes made toward E. affinis. Despite the lower catch efficiency, E. affinis was selected over A. hudsonica when the prey species were offered together in equal numbers. The selection for E. affinis over A. hudsonica by newly settled winter flounder may be the result of behavioral and/or morphological differences in the prey species. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, NOAA,NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Shaheen, PA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 257 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00335-X PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 402XP UT WOS:000167013700003 ER PT J AU Poirier, GE Fitts, WP White, JM AF Poirier, GE Fitts, WP White, JM TI Two dimensional phase diagram of decanethiol on Au(111) SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; GOLD SURFACES; TRANSITIONS; GRAPHITE; SUPERLATTICE; MANIPULATION; ADSORPTION AB On the basis of variable-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy data, we propose a two-dimensional phase diagram of monolayer decanethiol on Au(lll). Four triple-point temperatures were determined: T-1 at approximate to 27 degreesC, T-2 at approximate to 33 degreesC, T-3 at approximate to 35 degreesC, and T-4 at approximate to 56 degreesC. T-1 defines the lowest temperature melting point, and T-4 defines the temperature above which striped phases are metastable. These data provide a fundamental framework to understand and control mesoscale monolayer structure; moreover, they provide fundamental insight into the two-dimensional phase behavior of molecules with many degrees-of-freedom. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 39 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1176 EP 1183 DI 10.1021/la0012788 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 403WC UT WOS:000167064600032 ER PT J AU Tarlov, MJ AF Tarlov, MJ TI Gregory E. Poirier, 1961-2000 - Obituary SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarlov, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 20 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1316 EP 1316 DI 10.1021/la010052h PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 403WC UT WOS:000167064600053 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Honda, Z Zheludev, A Broholm, C Katsumata, K Shapiro, SM AF Chen, Y Honda, Z Zheludev, A Broholm, C Katsumata, K Shapiro, SM TI Field-induced three- and two-dimensional freezing in a quantum spin liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID S=1 HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; HALDANE-GAP ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CHAIN; MODEL; NENP AB Field-induced commensurate transverse magnetic ordering is observed in the Haldane-gap compound Ni(C5D14N2)(2)N-3(PF6) by means of neutron diffraction. Depending on the direction of applied field, the high-field phase is shown to be either a three-dimensional ordered Neel state or a short-range ordered state with dominant two-dimensional spin correlations. The structure of the high-field phase is determined, and properties of the observed quantum phase transition are discussed. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurtron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 19 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1618 EP 1621 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1618 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 402VZ UT WOS:000167010000056 PM 11290207 ER PT J AU Grody, N Zhao, J Ferraro, R Weng, FH Boers, R AF Grody, N Zhao, J Ferraro, R Weng, FH Boers, R TI Determination of precipitable water and cloud liquid water over oceans from the NOAA 15 advanced microwave sounding unit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEANS; IMAGER SSM/I; RETRIEVAL; VAPOR AB The advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) was finally launched in May 1998 aboard the NOAA 15 satellite. Algorithms are provided for retrieving the total precipitable water (TPW) and cloud liquid water (CLW) over oceans using the AMSU measurements at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz. Extensive comparisons are made between the AMSU retrievals of CLW and TPW and those obtained using other satellite instruments (Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI)) and ground-based radiometers. The AMSU TPW is also compared against radiosonde data, where all of the results are in good agreement with rms differences less than 3 mm and biases less than 1 mm over the range between 5 and 60 mm. The CLW comparisons show greater variability, although the time series of the AMSU and ground-based sensors follow each other and cover the same dynamic range of 0-0.5 mm. The AMSU CLW also compares well with the other satellite measurements, although a bias exists between AMSU and TMI when the CLW exceeds 0.5 mm. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. CSIRO, Div Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Grody, N (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 18 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D3 BP 2943 EP 2953 DI 10.1029/2000JD900616 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401TW UT WOS:000166945200003 ER PT J AU Koloutsou-Vakakis, S Carrico, CM Kus, P Rood, MJ Li, Z Shrestha, R Ogren, JA Chow, JC Watson, JG AF Koloutsou-Vakakis, S Carrico, CM Kus, P Rood, MJ Li, Z Shrestha, R Ogren, JA Chow, JC Watson, JG TI Aerosol properties at a midlatitude Northern Hemisphere continental site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERIC SULFATE; HYGROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; NEPHELOMETER; SENSITIVITY; PARTICLES; MODEL AB Measurements of chemical, physical, and optical properties of ambient aerosol particles were obtained at Bondville, Illinois. This research was completed to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of measured aerosol. Results from measurements describe (1) the physical and chemical characteristics of the aerosol and (2) the dependence of light scattering and backscattering on wavelength of light lambda, controlled relative humidity RH, and aerosol particle chemical composition. Formulations for the hygroscopic growth factor f(RH), and backscatter ratio b, as functions of lambda and RH and estimates of the upscatter fraction <()over bar>, and Angstrom exponent (a) over circle are also provided. For aerosol sampled at the site from January to December 1995, the mean gravimetric mass concentration for particles with aerodynamic diameter (d(pa)) less than or equal to 1 mum had an arithmetic mean and standard deviation of 10.6 +/- 6.5 mug/m(3) respectively. Ion chromatography (IC) speciated 53% of the total gravimetric mass for particles with d(pa) less than or equal to 1 mum. Most of the IC-identified material (88.0 +/- 13.5%) consisted of NH4+ and SO42-. Material not identified with IC was primarily elemental and organic carbon. The total aerosol light-scattering coefficient at lambda = 550 nm and RH less than or equal to 40% was 51.6 +/- 43.2 Mm(-1) for d(pa) less than or equal to 10 mum and 42.0 +/- 34.9 Mm(-1) for d(pa) less than or equal to 1 mum. Mean values of f(RH = 82.5%, lambda) for total scattering ranged between 1.4 and 1.5 and for back scattering between 1.1 and 1.2. Mean values of b(lambda) ranged from 0.11 to 0.18 for RH < 40% and from 0.09 to 0.14 for RH = 82.5%. Mean values of <(beta )over bar> ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 depending on lambda, RM, and the particle size distribution. Mean values of (a) over circle ranged between 1.8 and 2.4 for RH < 40% and 1.8 and 2.1 for RH = 82.5%. These measured properties are now available for use in models to reduce uncertainties: when quantifying direct aerosol radiative forcing at a continental site influenced by aerosol with anthropogenic origin. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Energy & Environm Engn Ctr, Reno, NV 89506 USA. NOAA, CMDL, Boulder, CO 80803 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sotiraikv@netscape.net; Kcarrico@ce.gatech.edu; pinarkus@uiuc.edu; m.rood@uiuc.edu; ZLi@PattonBoggs.com; rshrestha@essentech.com; jogren@cmdl.noaa.gov; judyc@sage.dri.edu; johnw@sage.dri.edu RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D3 BP 3019 EP 3032 DI 10.1029/2000JD900126 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401TW UT WOS:000166945200011 ER PT J AU Thomas, ER Frost, GJ Rudich, Y AF Thomas, ER Frost, GJ Rudich, Y TI Reactive uptake of ozone by proxies for organic aerosols: Surface-bound and gas-phase products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; UNITED-STATES; FOG DROPLETS; PARTICLES; TROPOSPHERE; ALKENES; OZONOLYSIS; MECHANISM; RADICALS AB Gas-phase and surface-bound products were determined for the reaction of ozone with self assembled monolayers of alkanes and terminal alkenes serving as proxies for atmospheric organic aerosols. The organic surfaces were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy (direct absorption and attenuated total reflection) as well as contact angle measurements with water before and after the reaction with ozone. The contact angle of the organic surfaces was reduced by similar to 20 degrees owing to the reaction. Following the reaction, IR absorption due to the presence of carbonyls and carboxylic acids was observed on the surface. Gas-phase products were determined using infrared spectroscopy immediately above the reaction surface. Under dry conditions, gas-phase formaldehyde yields of 0.5+/-0.1 for organic monolayers of allyltrichlorosilane (C-3(=)) and octenyltrichlorosilane (C-8(=)) terminal alkenes were observed, in good agreement with the yields observed for gas phase ozonolysis of terminal alkenes. Surfaces of n-octane (C-8) as well as processed alkene surfaces were nonreactive toward ozone. The reaction mechanism of ozone with the surface alkenes is discussed. Finally, the possible implications for the chemistry of organic aerosols are discussed and studied using a box model and realistic atmospheric scenarios. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Colorado, Aeron Lab, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Thomas, ER (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; OI Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201 NR 61 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D3 BP 3045 EP 3056 DI 10.1029/2000JD900595 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401TW UT WOS:000166945200014 ER PT J AU Haszpra, L Barcza, Z Bakwin, PS Berger, BW Davis, KJ Weidinger, T AF Haszpra, L Barcza, Z Bakwin, PS Berger, BW Davis, KJ Weidinger, T TI Measuring system for the long-term monitoring of biosphere/atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; AIR-SAMPLING-NETWORK; WATER-VAPOR; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; OCEANIC UPTAKE; TALL TOWER; CO2; FLUCTUATIONS AB We describe an ongoing program being carried out in Hungary to investigate the role of the temperate continental region ill the global carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide mixing ratios are continuously monitored at 10, 48, 82, and 115 rn above the ground on a television transmitter tower, and the atmosphere/surface exchange of CO2 is measured by eddy covariance at 82 m. The region surrounding the tower is typical of rural areas of central Europe, with agricultural fields, forest patches, and small villages. We first describe the layout and the operation of the measuring system designed for the continuous, unattended monitoring: of the vertical distribution of CO2 mixing ratio in the lowest 115 m of the atmosphere based on a Li-Cor model 6251 infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). It provides vertical profile data with a temporal resolution of 8 min. Next, we discuss the measuring system for long-term, continuous monitoring of the biosphere/atmosphere exchange of CO2. The eddy correlation system is based on a Li-Cor model 6262 fast-response IRGA and a Gill ultrasonic anemometer running at 4 Hz sampling frequency. Results are to illustrate the performance of the systems. Among others, they show the occasional accumulation of CO2 in the boundary layer in the Carpathian Basin during winter and the diurnal variation of the vertical distribution of CO2 mixing ratio in summer. A simple method based on similarity theory to calculate vertical fluxes from vertical gradients is presented, which can be used to fill the data gaps that inevitably occur during long-term eddy correlation measurements. The present study confirms the feasibility of the long-term tall-tower CO2 flux and mixing ratio measurements. C1 Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Inst Atmospher Phys, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Meteorol, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Inst Atmospher Phys, POB 39, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. EM haszpra.1@met.hu; bzoli@elte.hu; pbakwin@cmdl.noaa.gov; bberger@gis.umn.edu; kdavis@soils.umn.edu; weidi@ludens.elte.hu RI Barcza, Zoltan/G-3880-2014 OI Barcza, Zoltan/0000-0002-1278-0636 NR 61 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D3 BP 3057 EP 3069 DI 10.1029/2000JD900600 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401TW UT WOS:000166945200015 ER PT J AU Velders, GJM Granier, C AF Velders, GJM Granier, C TI Sensitivity of washout on HNO3/NOx ratio in atmospheric chemistry transport models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID; OZONE; NOX; MOZART AB Global chemistry transport models often overestimate the HNO3/NOx ratio in the free troposphere compared with observations. The sensitivity of the HNO3/NOx ratio to the parameterization of washout is studied using two global models, IMAGES and MOZART. The observed ratio of HNO3/NOx is about 4+/-3 in the free troposphere over remote areas. Calculations with the IMAGES model are in good agreement with these observations, but those with the MOZART model are too high (about 7-20). The good agreement found for IMAGES might be fortuitous, caused by the physically unrealistic parameterization of washout as a continuous removal rate. Applying different magnitudes of a continuous washout or different intermittent washout frequencies increases the HNO3/NOx ratio by about a factor of 2-3, worsening the agreement with observations. Smaller, but significant, changes of the order of 10-20% can be seen in NO, NO2 and ozone as a result of changes in the washout parameterization. The heterogeneous conversion of HNO3 on SO4 (used as a proxy for soot) yields only a small improvement in the HNO3/NOx, ratio for most remote locations. Significant effects of this heterogeneous conversion can be expected over and downwind of polluted locations. Given the sensitivity of the HNO3/NOx, ratio to the parameterization of washout, this ratio may be more suited to test the quality of the parameterization of the washout than the nitrogen chemistry in global chemistry transport models. Expressed differently, the HNO3/NOx, ratio is little affected by and not very important for tropospheric chemistry in these models. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, Air Res Lab, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, Air Res Lab, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D3 BP 3125 EP 3132 DI 10.1029/2000JD900516 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401TW UT WOS:000166945200020 ER PT J AU van Dam, T Wahr, J Milly, PCD Shmakin, AB Blewitt, G Lavallee, D Larson, KM AF van Dam, T Wahr, J Milly, PCD Shmakin, AB Blewitt, G Lavallee, D Larson, KM TI Crustal displacements due to continental water loading SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The effects of long-wavelength (> 100 km), seasonal variability in continental water storage on vertical crustal motions are assessed. The modeled vertical displacements (Deltar(M)) have root-mean-square (RMS) values for 1994-1998 as large as 8 mm, with ranges up to 30 mm, and are predominantly annual in character. Regional strains are on the order of 20 nanostrain for tilt and 5 nanostrain for horizontal deformation. We compare Deltar(M) with observed Global Positioning System (GPS) heights (aro) (which include adjustments to remove estimated effects of atmospheric pressure and annual tidal and non-tidal ocean loading) for 147 globally distributed sites. When the aro time series are adjusted by Deltar(M), their variances are reduced, on average, by an amount equal to the variance of the Deltar(M). Of the aro time series exhibiting a strong annual signal, more than half are found to have an annual harmonic that is in phase and of comparable amplitude with the annual harmonic in the Deltar(M). The Deltar(M) time series exhibit long-period variations that could be mistaken for secular tectonic trends or postglacial rebound when observed over a time span of a few years. C1 Luxembourg Natl Museum Nat Hist, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. European Ctr Geodynam & Seismol, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Seismol Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Geomat, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP van Dam, T (reprint author), Luxembourg Natl Museum Nat Hist, 19 Rue Josy Welter, L-7256 Walferdange, Luxembourg. NR 10 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 6 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 651 EP 654 DI 10.1029/2000GL012120 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 401MX UT WOS:000166916500024 ER PT J AU DaBell, RS Meyer, RG Morse, MD AF DaBell, RS Meyer, RG Morse, MD TI Electronic structure of the 4d transition metal carbides: Dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy of MoC, RuC, and PdC SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; RHC MOLECULE; STATES; MONOCARBIDE; CARBOHEDRENES; NIOBIUM; COC AB Dispersed fluorescence studies of the diatomic molecules MoC, RuC, and PdC are reported. New states identified in MoC and RuC are the [...]2 delta (1)12 sigma (1), (3,1)Delta (2) states and the [...]2 delta (3)12 sigma (1), (1)Delta (2) state, respectively. Five states are observed by dispersed fluorescence in PdC. The ground state is found to be [...]2 delta (4)12 sigma (2), (1)Sigma (+), with the [...]2 delta (4)12 sigma (1)6 pi (1), (3)Pi (Omega) manifold of states lying about 2500 cm(-1) above the ground state. The [17.9]Omega =1 state of PdC is also identified as [...]2 delta (4)12 sigma (1)13 sigma (1), (3)Sigma (+)(Omega =1), corroborating recent results of resonant two photon ionization spectroscopy studies. The spin-orbit interactions of these molecules are analyzed to deduce the composition of the molecular orbitals, and comparisons are made to ab initio theory when possible. An examination of the trends in bond energy, bond length, and vibrational frequency among the 4d transition metal carbides is also provided. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP DaBell, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM morse@chemistry.chem.utah.edu NR 61 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 7 BP 2938 EP 2954 DI 10.1063/1.1316042 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 397TH UT WOS:000166713100012 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Douglas, JF Ermi, BD Amis, EJ AF Zhang, YB Douglas, JF Ermi, BD Amis, EJ TI Influence of counterion valency on the scattering properties of highly charged polyelectrolyte solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE IONOMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP; POLY-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ORDERED STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; IONIC-STRENGTH; MONTE-CARLO AB Light and neutron scattering measurements on highly charged polyelectrolyte solutions have recently provided firm evidence for the existence of "domain structures" containing many chains, even at rather low-polymer concentrations. In the present paper, we systematically investigate the influence of counterion charge valency Z(c) on the scattering properties of sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) solutions in water with monovalent and divalent counterions. This study is part of a larger effort to identify essential factors governing polyelectrolyte domain formation and the geometric properties of these transient structures. Neutron scattering measurements indicate that the interchain correlation length xi (d) within the domains becomes larger by a factor of 1.5-2 for divalent relative to monovalent counterions. This observation is consistent with the Manning model estimate of the change in effective polymer charge density Gamma* with Z(c) and with previous observations linking xi (d) [from the peak position in the scattering intensity [I(q)] with the bare polymer charge density, Gamma. Light scattering measurements of the radius of gyration R-g,R-d of the domains indicate that their size becomes smaller for divalent counterions and with a reduction of Gamma. We observe that the "fractal" dimension of the domains measured from the low-angle scaling of I(q) depends on the chemical structure of the polyelectrolyte. Zero average contrast (ZAC) neutron scattering measurements show that the radius of gyration R-g,R-c of individual polyelectrolyte chains is also reduced for divalent counterions, suggesting that chain rigidity is strongly influenced by Gamma*. Charge valency effects on relaxation times are investigated by dynamic light scattering. As usual, two diffusive modes are observed in the light intensity autocorrelation function, G(tau). The "fast" mode becomes slower and the "slow" mode becomes faster for the divalent counterion (Mg2+), relative to the monovalent counterion (Na+). Counterion valence has a large influence on the structure and dynamics of highly charged polyelectrolyte solutions through its influence on Gamma*. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, YB (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 143 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 7 BP 3299 EP 3313 DI 10.1063/1.1336148 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 397TH UT WOS:000166713100056 ER PT J AU Emery, WJ Baldwin, DJ Schlussel, P Reynolds, RW AF Emery, WJ Baldwin, DJ Schlussel, P Reynolds, RW TI Accuracy of in situ sea surface temperatures used to calibrate infrared satellite measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article AB The present computation of sea surface temperature (SST) from infrared satellite measurements requires a coincident sample of in situ (drifting buoy and/or ship) SST measurements, to compute by regression the algorithmic coefficients for the infrared data. Ignoring the fundamental difference between satellite-measured "skin SST" and buoy/ship measured "bulk SST," we analyze past buoy and ship SST data to better evaluate the errors involved in the routine computation of SST from operational satellite data. We use buoy and ship SST data for 2 years (1990 and 1996) from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set as well as 2 years of previously cloud-cleared satellite radiances with matching drifting/moored buoy SST data from the NASA Pathfinder SST data set. We examine the in situ SST data for geographic distribution, accuracy, and self-consistency. We find that there are large geographic regions that are frequently not sampled by the present drifting buoy network, a natural consequence of the fact that most buoys are not deployed to measure in situ SST for satellite infrared SST calibration. Comparisons between drifting buoy SSTs suggest an error of similar to 0.4 degreesC for nearly coincident buoy SSTs. Comparing moored with adjacent drifting buoy SSTs, we find that drifting and moored buoy SSTs are samples from the same population. Ship SSTs are noisier and have a significant warm bias relative to drifting buoy SSTs. We explore the SST measurement accuracy changes that occur with variations in sampling coverage used for the SST algorithm regression. We both vary the total amount of points and restrict the regression data to regional sampling biases. Surprisingly the total number of calibration SST values can be quite small if they cover all latitudes. We conclude that buoy SSTs can have residual bias errors of similar to0.15 degreesC with RMS errors closer to 0.5 degreesC. C1 Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Emery, WJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Ctr Engn, CCAR Box 431, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082 NR 13 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C2 BP 2387 EP 2405 DI 10.1029/2000JC000246 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 401AN UT WOS:000166904900005 ER PT J AU Skyllingstad, ED Denbo, DW AF Skyllingstad, ED Denbo, DW TI Turbulence beneath sea ice and leads: A coupled sea ice/large-eddy simulation study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; UPPER-OCEAN; HALINE CONVECTION; GREENLAND-SEA; ARCTIC LEADS; MODEL; THERMODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS; NUMBERS; HEAT AB The importance of leads, sea ice motion, and frazil ice on the wintertime ocean boundary layer was examined by using a large-eddy simulation turbulence model coupled to a thermodynamic slab ice model. Coupling was achieved through exchange coefficients that accounted for the differing diffusion rates of heat and salinity. Frazil ice concentrations were modeled by using an ice crystal parameterization with constant crystal size and shape. Stationary ice without leads produced cellular structures similar to atmospheric convection without winds. Ice motion caused this pattern to break down into a series of streaks aligned with the flow. Eddy fluxes were strongly affected by ice motion with relatively larger entrainment fluxes at the mixed layer base under moving ice, whereas stationary ice produced larger fluxes near the top of the boundary layer. Opening of leads caused significant changes in the turbulent structure of the boundary layer. Leads in stationary ice produced concentrated plumes of higher-salinity water beneath the lead. Ice motion caused the lead convection to follow preexisting convective rolls, enhancing the roll circulation salinity and vertical velocity under the lead. Comparison of model time series data with observations from the Arctic Leads Experiment showed general agreement for both pack ice and lead conditions. Simulated heat flux carried by frazil ice had a prominent role in the upper boundary layer, suggesting that frazil ice is important in the heat budget of ice-covered oceans. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, NOAA, PMEL,OC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Skyllingstad, ED (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C2 BP 2477 EP 2497 DI 10.1029/1999JC000091 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 401AN UT WOS:000166904900010 ER PT J AU Gregg, WW Conkright, ME AF Gregg, WW Conkright, ME TI Global seasonal climatologies of ocean chlorophyll: Blending in situ and satellite data for the Coastal Zone Color Scanner era SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON; RADIANCE; BLOOMS; SHIP; COCCOLITHOPHORES; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHMS AB The historical archives of in situ (National Oceanographic Data Center) and satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS)) chlorophyll data were combined using the blended analysis method of Reynolds [1988] in an attempt to construct an improved climatological seasonal representation of global chlorophyll distributions. The results of the blended analysis differed dramatically from the CZCS representation: Global chlorophyll estimates increased 8-35% in the blended analysis depending upon season. Regional differences were even larger, up to 140% in the equatorial Indian Ocean in summer (during the southwest monsoon). Tropical Pacific chlorophyll values increased 25-41%. The results suggested that the CZCS generally underestimates chlorophyll. Regional and seasonal differences in the blended analysis were sufficiently large as to produce a different representation of global chlorophyll distributions than otherwise inferred from CZCS data alone. Analyses of primary production and biogeochemical cycles may be substantially impacted by these results. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Ocean Climate Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gregg, WW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C2 BP 2499 EP 2515 DI 10.1029/1999JC000028 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 401AN UT WOS:000166904900011 ER PT J AU Hood, EM Wanninkhof, R Merlivat, L AF Hood, EM Wanninkhof, R Merlivat, L TI Short timescale variations of f(CO2) in a North Atlantic warm-core eddy: Results from the Gas-Ex 98 carbon interface ocean atmosphere (CARIOCA) buoy data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE SEAWATER; PCO(2) MEASUREMENTS; SARGASSO SEA; TIME-SERIES; EL-NINO; CO2; FLUXES; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB During a Lagrangian deliberate tracer study in the North Atlantic, the 1998 Gas Exchange Experiment, hourly measurements of wind speed, sea surface temperature, fCO(2) and fluorescence were made from two carbon interface ocean atmosphere (CARIOCA) drifting buoys in a warm-core eddy near 46 degreesN and 21.5 degreesW over a period of approximately 20 days. Shipboard measurements of fCO(2) near the buoys were used to verify the buoy operation, calibrate the buoy measurements, and assess the performance of the fCO(2) sensor. The strong air-sea fCO(2) gradient in the eddy and intense atmospheric forcing during the experiment provided ideal conditions for demonstrating the potential of autonomous drift buoy measurements for studies of surface ocean biogeochemistry, where changes of f(CO2) were rapid and large. During the experiment a storm occurred with wind speeds reaching as high as 16-17 m s(-1), leading to a sharp decrease in sea surface temperature and an increase in f(CO2) of similar to 30 mu atm. The magnitude of this sudden change in f(CO2) is equal to approximately half of the annual range of f(CO2) in this area. The air-sea flux estimate for the similar to 20 day experiment using the Wanninkhof [1992] gas transfer velocity formulation was -0.012 mol m(-2) d(-1) and using the Liss and Merlivat [1986] formulation was -0.007 mol m-2 d(-1). The storm event, lasting 3-4 days, accounted for similar to 38% of the flux over this period. Approximately 16 hours after the onset of the storm, there was an increase in surface fluorescence coincident with the initial increase in f(CO2). Nitrate measurements made from the ship in the eddy show a sharp peak in surface concentrations similar to 24 hours after the increase in winds and similar to6-8 hours after the increase in surface fluorescence. After the upwelling of the NO3 the fluorescence increases more sharply while the f(CO2) decreases, consistent with biological productivity. The surface fluorescence measurements remain higher than prestorm conditions for similar to5 days after the NO3 has disappeared. C1 UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, F-75732 Paris 15, France. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, CNRS, UMR 7617,IRD, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Hood, EM (reprint author), UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, 1 Rue Miollis, F-75732 Paris 15, France. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C2 BP 2561 EP 2572 DI 10.1029/1999JC000278 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 401AN UT WOS:000166904900015 ER PT J AU Rowe, MA Kielpinski, D Meyer, V Sackett, CA Itano, WM Monroe, C Wineland, DJ AF Rowe, MA Kielpinski, D Meyer, V Sackett, CA Itano, WM Monroe, C Wineland, DJ TI Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; LOOPHOLE-FREE TEST; ATOMS; PAIRS; PROPOSAL AB Local realism is the idea that objects have definite properties whether or not they are measured, and that measurements of these properties are not affected by events taking place sufficiently far away(1). Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen(2) used these reasonable assumptions to conclude that quantum mechanics is incomplete. Starting in 1965, Bell and others constructed mathematical inequalities whereby experimental tests could distinguish between quantum mechanics and local realistic theories(1,3-5). Many experiments(1,6-15) have since been done that are consistent with quantum mechanics and inconsistent with local realism. But these conclusions remain the subject of considerable interest and debate, and experiments are still being refined to overcome 'loopholes' that might allow a local realistic interpretation. Here we have measured correlations in the classical properties of massive entangled particles (Be-9(+) ions): these correlations violate a form of Bell's inequality. Our measured value of the appropriate Bell's 'signal' is 2.25 +/- 0.03, whereas a value of 2 is the maximum allowed by local realistic theories of nature. In contrast to previous measurements with massive particles, this violation of Bell's inequality was obtained by use of a complete set of measurements. Moreover, the high detection efficiency of our apparatus eliminates the so-called 'detection' loophole. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; OI Kielpinski, David/0000-0002-2816-6892 NR 30 TC 578 Z9 583 U1 4 U2 49 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6822 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1038/35057215 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 401QC UT WOS:000166938800032 PM 11236986 ER PT J AU Briggman, KA Richter, LJ Stephenson, JC AF Briggman, KA Richter, LJ Stephenson, JC TI Imaging and autocorrelation of ultrafast infrared laser pulses in the 3-11-mu m range with silicon CCD cameras and photodiodes SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; 2-PHOTON; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; ZNSE AB Standard silicon photodiodes and CCD cameras are convenient and inexpensive alternatives to cryogenically cooled diodes or arrays for autocorrelation and imaging of ultrafast IR laser pulses in the wavelength range 3-11 mum. The response of these Si devices to IR pulses of duration similar to 100 fs is proportional to E-n, where E is the pulse energy and n is approximately the Si electronic bandgap divided by the photon energy. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 040.1520, 040.3060, 040.6040, 190.7110, 190.4720, 140.7090. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 238 EP 240 DI 10.1364/OL.26.000238 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 402FY UT WOS:000166976400020 PM 18033559 ER PT J AU Plihal, M Gadzuk, JW AF Plihal, M Gadzuk, JW TI Nonequilibrium theory of scanning tunneling spectroscopy via adsorbate resonances: Nonmagnetic and Kondo impurities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOM POINT-SOURCE; METAL-SURFACES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM CORRALS; ANDERSON MODEL; MICROSCOPY; ENERGY; STM; DENSITY; STATES AB We report on a fully nonequilibrium theory of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) through resonances induced by impurity atoms adsorbed on metal surfaces. The theory takes into account the effect of tunneling current and finite bias on the system, and is valid for arbitrary intra-adsorbate electron correlation strength. It is thus applicable to recent STM experiments on Kondo impurities. We discuss the finite-temperature effects and the consequences of atomic scale resolution of the STM for the spectral property of such systems. We find that the tip position affects the resonance line shapes in two ways. As a function of the distance from the surface, the line shapes vary due to the different extents of the adsorbate and metal wave functions into the vacuum. However, we do not expect large variations in line shapes unless tunneling into the tightly bound adsorbate states is considerable, or nonequilibrium effects are significant. As a function of the lateral tip position, line shapes should not change significantly on length scales of R-parallel to less than or equal to 10 Angstrom under typical experimental conditions when the electrons tunnel into the perturbed bulk conduction states hybridized with the outer shell sp adsorbate orbitals. Tunneling into surfaces states on (111) surfaces of noble metals should be important for an observation of resonance at larger distances (>10 Angstrom), and oscillatory variations in the line shape should develop. This long-range behavior was nor resolved in recent experiments with Kondo impurities. The temperature dependence of the Kondo resonance cannot be deduced directly from the differential conductance, as the thermal broadening: of the tip Fermi surface produces qualitatively similar effects of comparable and larger magnitudes. A careful deconvolution is necessary to extract the temperature dependence of the Kondo resonance. The finite-bias current-induced nonequilibrium effects in tunneling through Kondo impurities should produce a characteristic broadening of the resonance in the case of strong hybridization of the discrete state with the STM tip. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Plihal, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 69 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 8 AR 085404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.085404 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 406FD UT WOS:000167203500070 ER PT J AU McMahon, PJ Allman, BE Nugent, KA Jacobson, DL Arif, M Werner, SA AF McMahon, PJ Allman, BE Nugent, KA Jacobson, DL Arif, M Werner, SA TI Contrast mechanisms for neutron radiography SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HARD X-RAYS; PHASE AB The use of thermal neutrons in contact radiography and tomography [Schlenker and Baruchel, Physica B 137, 309 (1986)] provides a powerful nondestructive analysis technique for materials that are difficult to study with x rays [Kirz , Quart. Rev. Biophys. 28, 33 (1995)]. Since x rays are strongly absorbed by the heavier elements and neutrons are preferentially scattered by light elements, neutron radiography is well suited to the visualization of light elements in the interior of metallic objects. In this letter, we demonstrate neutron radiography using a number of different contrast mechanisms. We find we are able to obtain radiographs showing features hitherto unobservable. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Nugent, KA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 7 BP 1011 EP 1013 DI 10.1063/1.1347387 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 398TN UT WOS:000166772600054 ER PT J AU Spasojevic, I Batinic-Haberle, I Stevens, RD Hambright, P Thorpe, AN Grodkowski, J Neta, P Fridovich, I AF Spasojevic, I Batinic-Haberle, I Stevens, RD Hambright, P Thorpe, AN Grodkowski, J Neta, P Fridovich, I TI Manganese(III) biliverdin IX dimethyl ester: A powerful catalytic scavenger of superoxide employing the Mn(III)/Mn(IV) redox couple SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PEROXYNITRITE DECOMPOSITION CATALYSTS; HELICAL COBALT COMPLEXES; WATER-SOLUBLE PORPHYRINS; DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PEROXYL RADICALS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RESONANCE RAMAN; IRON PORPHYRIN AB A manganese(III) complex of biliverdin IX dimethyl ester, {(MnBVDME)-B-III}(2), was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, electrospray mass spectrometry, freezing-point depression, magnetic susceptibility, and catalytic dismuting of superoxide anion (O-2(.-)). In a dimeric conformation each trivalent manganese is bound to four pyrrolic nitrogens of one biliverdin dimethyl ester molecule and to the enolic oxygen of another molecule. This type of coordination stabilizes the +4 metal oxidation state, whereby the +3/+4 redox cycling of the manganese in aqueous medium was found to be at E-1/2 = +0.45 V vs NHE. This potential allows the Mn(III)/Mn(IV) couple to efficiently catalyze the dismutation of O-2(.-) with the catalytic rate constant of k(cat) = 5.0 x 10(7) M-1 s(-1) (concentration calculated per manganese) obtained by cytochrome c assay at pH 7.8 and 25 degreesC. The fifth coordination site of the manganese is occupied by an enolic oxygen, which precludes binding of NO., thus enhancing the specificity of the metal center toward O-2(.-). For the same reason the {(MnBVDME)-B-III}(2) is resistant to attack by H2O2. The compound also proved to be an efficient SOD mimic in vivo, facilitating the aerobic growth of SOD-deficient Escherichia coli. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fridovich, I (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Durham, NC 27710 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA 14236] NR 125 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 12 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 726 EP 739 DI 10.1021/ic0004986 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 402DW UT WOS:000166971600021 PM 11225116 ER PT J AU Kielpinski, D Meyer, V Rowe, MA Sackett, CA Itano, WM Monroe, C Wineland, DJ AF Kielpinski, D Meyer, V Rowe, MA Sackett, CA Itano, WM Monroe, C Wineland, DJ TI A decoherence-free quantum memory using trapped ions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREE SUBSPACES; COMPUTATION; MOTION; CODES AB We demonstrate a decoherence-free quantum memory of one qubit. By encoding the qubit into the decoherence-free subspace (DFS) of a pair of trapped 9Be(+) ions, we protect the qubit from environment-induced dephasing that limits the storage time of a qubit composed of a single ion. We measured the storage time under ambient conditions and under interaction with an engineered noisy environment and observed that encoding into the DFS increases the storage time by up to an order of magnitude. The encoding reversibly transfers an arbitrary qubit stored in a single ion to the DFS of two ions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Kielpinski, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; OI Kielpinski, David/0000-0002-2816-6892 NR 25 TC 336 Z9 337 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 9 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5506 BP 1013 EP 1015 DI 10.1126/science.1057357 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 400EW UT WOS:000166860100036 PM 11232562 ER PT J AU Fahey, DW Gao, RS Carslaw, KS Kettleborough, J Popp, PJ Northway, MJ Holecek, JC Ciciora, SC McLaughlin, RJ Thompson, TL Winkler, RH Baumgardner, DG Gandrud, B Wennberg, PO Dhaniyala, S McKinney, K Peter, T Salawitch, RJ Bui, TP Elkins, JW Webster, CR Atlas, EL Jost, H Wilson, JC Herman, RL Kleinbohl, A von Konig, M AF Fahey, DW Gao, RS Carslaw, KS Kettleborough, J Popp, PJ Northway, MJ Holecek, JC Ciciora, SC McLaughlin, RJ Thompson, TL Winkler, RH Baumgardner, DG Gandrud, B Wennberg, PO Dhaniyala, S McKinney, K Peter, T Salawitch, RJ Bui, TP Elkins, JW Webster, CR Atlas, EL Jost, H Wilson, JC Herman, RL Kleinbohl, A von Konig, M TI The detection of large HNO3-containing particles in the winter arctic stratosphere SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLAR STRATOSPHERES; OZONE DEPLETION; NITRIC-ACID; WATER-VAPOR; DENITRIFICATION; CLOUD; AEROSOL; HNO3; CONDENSATION; NUCLEI AB Large particles containing nitric acid (HNO3) were observed in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter stratosphere. These in situ observations were made over a Large altitude range (16 to 21 kilometers) and horizontal extent (1800 kilometers) on several airborne sampling flights during a period of several weeks. With diameters of 10 to 20 micrometers, these sedimenting particles have significant potential to denitrify the Lower stratosphere. A microphysical model of nitric acid trihydrate particles is able to simulate the growth and sedimentation of these Large sites in the Lower stratosphere, but the nucleation process is not yet known. Accurate modeling of the formation of these Large particles is essential for understanding Arctic denitrification and predicting future Arctic ozone abundances. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. ETH Zurich, Lab Atmospharenphys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94122 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Fahey, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Sinnhuber, Miriam/A-7252-2013; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Ciciora, Steven/I-4916-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 36 TC 209 Z9 211 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 9 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5506 BP 1026 EP 1031 DI 10.1126/science.1057265 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 400EW UT WOS:000166860100041 PM 11161213 ER PT J AU Lelieveld, J Crutzen, PJ Ramanathan, V Andreae, MO Brenninkmeijer, CAM Campos, T Cass, GR Dickerson, RR Fischer, H de Gouw, JA Hansel, A Jefferson, A Kley, D de Laat, ATJ Lal, S Lawrence, MG Lobert, JM Mayol-Bracero, OL Mitra, AP Novakov, T Oltmans, SJ Prather, KA Reiner, T Rodhe, H Scheeren, HA Sikka, D Williams, J AF Lelieveld, J Crutzen, PJ Ramanathan, V Andreae, MO Brenninkmeijer, CAM Campos, T Cass, GR Dickerson, RR Fischer, H de Gouw, JA Hansel, A Jefferson, A Kley, D de Laat, ATJ Lal, S Lawrence, MG Lobert, JM Mayol-Bracero, OL Mitra, AP Novakov, T Oltmans, SJ Prather, KA Reiner, T Rodhe, H Scheeren, HA Sikka, D Williams, J TI The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE EMISSIONS INVENTORY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REACTIVE CHLORINE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; CHEMISTRY; PARTICLES AB The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) was an international, multiplatform field campaign to measure Long-range transport of air pollution from South and Southeast Asia toward the Indian Ocean during the dry monsoon season in January to March 1999. Surprisingly high pollution Levels were observed over the entire northern Indian Ocean toward the Intertropical Convergence Zone at about 6 degreesS. We show that agricultural burning and especially biofuel use enhance carbon monoxide concentrations. Fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning cause a high aerosol Loading. The growing pollution in this region gives rise to extensive air quality degradation with Local, regional, and global implications, including a reduction of the oxidizing power of the atmosphere. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Res Ctr Julich, D-52428 Julich, Germany. Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Lelieveld, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013 OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; NR 63 TC 443 Z9 458 U1 13 U2 98 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 9 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5506 BP 1031 EP 1036 DI 10.1126/science.1057103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 400EW UT WOS:000166860100042 PM 11161214 ER PT J AU Ross, D Bonn, D Meunier, J AF Ross, D Bonn, D Meunier, J TI Wetting of methanol on the n-alkanes: Observation of short-range critical wetting SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; BINARY-LIQUID MIXTURES; CUBIC ISING-MODEL; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; 3 DIMENSIONS; INTERFACIAL STIFFNESS; CYCLOHEXANE-METHANOL; AMPLITUDE RATIOS; CRITICAL-POINT; TRANSITIONS AB We present results of the wetting properties of methanol at the liquid-vapor interface of different n-alkanes ranging from hexane to undecane. Measurement of the contact angle shows that, as the bulk critical point is approached, wetting transitions occur for long alkanes, whereas drying is found for short alkanes. Measurement of the wetting layer thickness, as well as precise contact angle measurements close to the wetting temperature T-w, reveal a change in the order of the transition. First order (discontinuous) wetting occurs for T-w far from the bulk critical point T-c. Critical (continuous) wetting is observed for T-w close to T-c. The observed critical wetting transition has all the features of the long-sought short-range critical wetting transition. We argue that it is possible to observe short-range critical wetting in this system, because the long-range van der Waals interactions are negligible for wetting transitions close to the bulk critical point. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RI Bonn, Daniel/F-9928-2011 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 6 BP 2784 EP 2792 DI 10.1063/1.1338124 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 397AQ UT WOS:000166671100029 ER PT J AU Graham, DW Lupton, JE Spera, FJ Christie, DM AF Graham, DW Lupton, JE Spera, FJ Christie, DM TI Upper-mantle dynamics revealed by helium isotope variations along the southeast Indian ridge SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION; BASALTS; TRACER AB Helium isotope variations in igneous rocks are important for relating isotopic heterogeneity to convective mixing in the Earth's mantle. High He-3/He-4 ratios at many ocean islands, along with lower and relatively uniform values in mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs), are thought to result from a well mixed upper-mantle source for MORB and a distinct deeper-mantle source for ocean island basalts(1). At finer scales, He-3/He-4 variations along mid-ocean ridges have been related to underlying mantle heterogeneity(2,3), but relationships between the scales of geochemical segmentation and mantle convection remain enigmatic. Here we present helium isotope data for MORB glasses recovered along similar to5,800 km of the southeast Indian ridge, and develop an approach to quantitatively relate spatial variations in geochemical and geophysical parameters at the Earth's surface. A point-to-point correlation analysis reveals structure in the helium isotope data at length scales of similar to 150 and similar to 400 km that appears to be related to secondary convection in the underlying mantle. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Graham, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Graham, David/0000-0002-7411-1905 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 8 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6821 BP 701 EP 703 DI 10.1038/35055529 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 399MF UT WOS:000166816400039 PM 11217856 ER PT J AU Stenkamp, VS McGuiggan, P Berg, JC AF Stenkamp, VS McGuiggan, P Berg, JC TI Restabilization of electrosterically stabilized colloids in high salt media SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STERIC STABILIZATION; BUBBLE COALESCENCE; MICELLAR BEHAVIOR; POLYMER COLLOIDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ELECTROLYTES; FORCES; WATER AB For electrostatically stabilized colloids, an increase in salt concentration typically causes a decrease in stability, until the electrical double layer is collapsed, in which case the instability remains as salt concentration is increased further. In cases when adsorbed polymer is used to impart stability, the onset of aggregation can most often be correlated with the onset of poor polymer solvency. Therefore, it is anticipated that when a charged latex is stabilized by a thin nonionic polymer which is sated out, the colloidal stability should either decrease or remain constant upon an increase in salt concentration. In the present work, however, an increase in stability is observed for several salts at relatively high concentrations, a phenomenon referred to herein as "restabilization". The specific circumstances in which this unexpected behavior occurs and the possible causes for it are discussed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NIST, Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI McGuiggan, Patricia/A-3379-2010 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 6 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 637 EP 651 DI 10.1021/la001086c PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 398PT UT WOS:000166765400014 ER PT J AU Migler, KB AF Migler, KB TI String formation in sheared polymer blends: Coalescence, breakup, and finite size effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC LIQUIDS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BINARY FLUIDS; FLOW; DISPERSION; PHASE; MORPHOLOGY; STEADY; MODEL AB We have discovered a droplet-string transition in concentrated polymer blends which occurs when the size of the dispersed droplets becomes comparable to the gap width between the shearing surfaces. The transition is abrupt and proceeds via the coalescence of droplets in a four-stage kinetic process. Once formed, the strings are stable and exhibit pronounced hysteresis. The string state is stabilized by a suppression of the Rayleigh-Tomotika instability due to both finite size effects and to the shear-induced advection of small-amplitude disturbances. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Migler, KB (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1023 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 398XD UT WOS:000166781000020 PM 11178000 ER PT J AU Meyers, TP AF Meyers, TP TI A comparison of summertime water and CO2 fluxes over rangeland for well watered and drought conditions SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sensible heat flux; latent heat flux; ground heat flux; drought conditions; carbon flux ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OPEN-PATH; EDDY-COVARIANCE; VAPOR; SENSITIVITY; SURFACE; EVAPORATION; EXCHANGE; MODEL AB Continuous measurements of the surface energy balance components (net radiation R-n, sensible heat flux H, latent heat flux LE, ground heat flux G, and CO2 fluxes began in early June of 1995 at the Little Washita Watershed, near Chickasha, Oklahoma. A severe drought during 1998 provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the range of fluxes that can be expected during the summer period. Data obtained during four continuous summer periods were used to evaluate the year-to-year variability in summertime energy and CO2 fluxes. During the summer period (day 150-240), total evapotranspiration for non-drought years ranged from 234 to 273 mm with a mean and standard error of 253 +/- 12 mm. The mean and standard error of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) rate of carbon dioxide for the same summer period was - 120 +/- 36 g C/m(2). In a year with severe drought (1998) total evapotranspiration for the summertime period was 145 mm. The lack of precipitation during this time resulted in total losses to the atmosphere of 155 g C/m(2) from soil respiration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science R.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyers, TP (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave,POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 26 TC 136 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 3 PY 2001 VL 106 IS 3 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00213-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393GV UT WOS:000166461600003 ER PT J AU Berg, RF Tison, SA AF Berg, RF Tison, SA TI Laminar flow of four gases through a helical rectangular duct SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; VISCOSITY; CAPILLARY; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY AB Measurements and a model of gas flow through a helical duct of rectangular cross section are reported. Observations of the rate of rise of pressure in a known volume located downstream from the duct yielded molar flow rates of helium, nitrogen, argon and sulfur hexafluoride. The model predicts flow rates from the ducts' entrance pressure, exit pressure, and temperature. It accounts for the gas's nonideal equation of state, gas expansion along the duct's length, the increase of kinetic energy near duct's entrance, and slip. After adjusting only one parameter (the duct's height), the model agrees with the data to within 0.2% in the range of Reynolds number 0.08 < Re < 40. To extend the model to Re = 1,000, the centrifugal effects were accounted for by rescaling Targett et al.'s (1995) numerical calculations. The extended model agrees with the data to within 0.2% in the range 40 < Re < 400 and to within 1% in the range 400 < Re < 1,000. C1 NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 47 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1002/aic.690470205 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 403BT UT WOS:000167023200004 ER PT J AU Devaney, JM Pettit, EL Kaler, SG Vallone, PM Butler, JM Marino, MA AF Devaney, JM Pettit, EL Kaler, SG Vallone, PM Butler, JM Marino, MA TI Genotyping of two mutations in the HFE gene using single-base extension and high-performance liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PRIMER EXTENSION; DNA OLIGOMERS; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; STABILITY AB Currently, a major focus of human genetics is the utilization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for clinical diagnostics, whole-genome linkage disequilibrium screens to identify common disease genes such as Alzheimer disease, determination of the recent evolutionary history of a species, and the process of speciation, We have examined single-nucleotide extension coupled with highperformance liquid chromatography as a method to simultaneously genotype two SNPs occurring in the coding region of the HFE gene that produce clinical effects. This assay allows concurrent genotyping of the C282Y and H63D mutations in 11 min and is 100% concordant with current testing methods for both of these mutations. C1 Transgenom Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Devaney, JM (reprint author), Transgenom Inc, 11 Firstfield Rd,Suite E, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 3 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1021/ac000912j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 398WV UT WOS:000166780200039 PM 11217771 ER PT J AU Gooch, JA DePaola, A Kaysner, CA Marshall, DL AF Gooch, JA DePaola, A Kaysner, CA Marshall, DL TI Evaluation of two direct plating methods using nonradioactive probes for enumeration, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; THERMOLABILE HEMOLYSIN; WATERS AB Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were collected monthly from May 1998 to April 1999 from Mobile Bay, Ala,, and analyzed to determine Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities at zero time and after 5, 10, and 24 h of postharvest storage at 26 degreesC. After 24 h of storage at 26 degreesC, oysters were transferred to a refrigerator at 3 degreesC and then analyzed 14 to 17 days later. The V. parahaemolyticus numbers were determined by the most-probable-number procedure using alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA probe VPAP, which targets the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin gene (tlh), to identify suspect isolates (MPN-VPAP procedure), Two direct plating methods, one using a VPAP probe (Direct-VPAP) and one using a digoxigenin-labeled probe (Direct-VPDig) to identify suspect colonies, were compared to "the MPN-VPAP procedure. The results of the Direct-VPAP and Direct-VPDig techniques were highly correlated (r = 0.91), as were the results of the Direct-VPAP and MPN-VPAP procedures (r = 0.91), The correlation between the Direct-VPDig and MPN-VPAP results was 0.85, The two direct plating methods in which nonradioactive DNA probes were used were equivalent to the MPN-VPAP procedure for identification of total V. parahaemolyticus, and they were more rapid and less labor-intensive. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 USA. US FDA, Seafood Prod Res Ctr, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gooch, JA (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 67 IS 2 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1128/AEM.67.2.721-724.2001 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 399ZR UT WOS:000166844600030 PM 11157236 ER PT J AU Chapman, RE AF Chapman, RE TI How interoperability saves money SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The pressures of competing in the global marketplace are forcing building control companies, equipment and systems manufacturers, energy providers, utilities, and design engineers to improve performance and reduce costs. One means of meeting this twin challenge is through the development and use of cybernetic building systems (CBS's) that integrate multiple building systems. A CBS is defined as a multi-system configuration that communicates information and control functions simultaneously and seamlessly at multiple levels. The configuration must also allow for two-way communication between the building(s) in which it is installed, utilities, and energy and service providers. The multiple levels of communication and control are based on the BACnet(R) (Building Automation and Control networks) layered protocol architecture.(1,2) C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chapman, RE (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 44 EP + PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 403NB UT WOS:000167048400008 ER PT J AU Muschinski, A Frehich, R Jensen, M Hugo, R Hoff, A Eaton, F Balsley, B AF Muschinski, A Frehich, R Jensen, M Hugo, R Hoff, A Eaton, F Balsley, B TI Fine-scale measurements of turbulence in the lower troposphere: An intercomparison between a kite- and balloon-borne, and a helicopter-borne measurement system SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE airborne turbulence measurements; energy dissipation rate; fine-wire anemometry; fine-wire thermometry; HELIPOD; structure parameters; Tethered Lifting System ID HOT-WIRE CALIBRATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; COLD-WIRE; TEMPERATURE; FLOWS AB Two state-of-the-art, high-resolution, in situ turbulence measurement systems, which can be deployed at altitudes well above the atmospheric surface layer, are compared: the Tethered Lifting System (TLS) of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, and the helicopter-borne turbulence measurement system HELIPOD of the Technical University Braunschweig, Germany, and the University of Hanover, Germany. While the CIRES TLS is a fixed-point platform, HELIPOD is a moving platform. On the basis of data taken with the two systems in separate field campaigns, the system capabilities are quantified and discussed. Criteria for instrumental requirements are presented. It is shown that both the CIRES TLS and HELIPOD are well suited for measuring fine-scale turbulence that is characterized by very small temperature structure parameters 10(6) K-2 m(-2/3) and smaller) and very small energy dissipation rates (10(-7) m(2) s(-3) and smaller). The authors are not aware of any other turbulence measurement systems that have similar capabilities and can be deployed at altitudes of up to several kilometres. The HELIPOD is ideal for high-resolution horizontal measurements while the TLS is ideal for high-resolution vertical measurements using multiple sensors attached to a suspended line. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEBA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Aerodata Flugmesstech GmbH, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Muschinski, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 98 IS 2 BP 219 EP 250 DI 10.1023/A:1026520618624 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 382GG UT WOS:000165814200002 ER PT J AU Janowiak, JE Joyce, RJ Yarosh, Y AF Janowiak, JE Joyce, RJ Yarosh, Y TI A real-time global half-hourly pixel-resolution infrared dataset and its applications SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-CLIMATOLOGY-PROJECT; DIURNAL-VARIATION; SATELLITE; RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; CYCLE; ISCCP AB A system has been developed and implemented that merges pixel resolution (similar to4 km) infrared (IR) satellite data from all available geostationary meteorological satellites into a global (60 degreesN-60 degreesS) product. The resulting research-quality, nearly seamless global array of information is made possible by recent work by Joyce et al., who developed a technique to correct IR temperatures at targets far from satellite nadir. At such locations, IR temperatures are colder than if identical features were measured at a target near satellite nadir. This correction procedure yields a dataset that is considerably more amenable to quantitative manipulation than if the data from the individual satellites were merely spliced together. Several unique features of this product exist. First, the data from individual geostationary satellites have been merged to form nearly seamless maps after correcting the IR brightness temperatures for viewing angle effects. Second, with the availability of IR data from the Meteosat-5 satellite (currently positioned at a subsatellite longitude of 63 degreesE), globally complete (60 degreesN-60 degreesS) fields can be produced. Third, the data have been transformed from the native satellite projection of each individual geostationary satellite and have been remapped to a uniform latitude/longitude grid. Fourth, globally merged datasets of full resolution IR brightness temperature have been produced routinely every half hour since November 1998. Fifth, seven days of globally merged, half-hourly data are available on a rotating archive that is maintained by the Climate Prediction Center Web page (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaagov/products/global_precip/html/web.html). Unfortunately, international agreement prevents us from distributing Meteosat data within three days of real time, so the data availability is delayed appropriately. Finally, these data are permanently saved at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, beginning with data in mid-September of 1999. In this paper, the authors briefly describe the merging methodology and describe key aspects of the merged product. Present and potential applications of this dataset are also discussed. Applications include near-real time global disaster monitoring and mitigation and assimilation of these data into numerical weather prediction models and research, among others. C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Weather Serv,Climate Predict Ctr, NEWS,Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Res Data Syst Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Janowiak, JE (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Weather Serv,Climate Predict Ctr, NEWS,Natl Ctr Environm Predict, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014 NR 32 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0205:ARTGHH>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398EC UT WOS:000166742900001 ER PT J AU Groisman, PY Knight, RW Karl, TR AF Groisman, PY Knight, RW Karl, TR TI Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: Trends in the twentieth century SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE EXTREMES; SECULAR TRENDS; FLUCTUATIONS; CANADA; IMPACT; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; INDICATORS; FREQUENCY; PARADOX AB Changes in several components of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States have been documented during the twentieth century: an increase of precipitation, especially heavy and very heavy precipitation, and a significant retreat in spring snow cover extent over western regions during the last few decades. These changes have affected streamflow, including the probability of high flow. In the eastern half of the United States a significant relationship is found between the frequency of heavy precipitation and high streamflow events both annually and during the months of maximum streamflow. Two factors contributed to finding such a relation: 1) the relatively small contribution of snowmelt to heavy runoff in the eastern United States (compared to the west), and 2) the presence of a sufficiently dense network of streamflow and precipitation gauges available for analysis. An increase of spring heavy precipitation events over the eastern United States indicates with high probability that during the twentieth century an increase of high streamflow conditions has also occurred. In the West, a statistically significant reduction of snow cover extent has complicated the relation between heavy precipitation and streamflow. Increases in peak stream flow have not been observed here, despite increases in heavy precipitation events, and less extensive snow cover is the likely cause. C1 Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 42 TC 231 Z9 241 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 219 EP 246 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0219:HPAHSI>2.3.CO;2 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398EC UT WOS:000166742900002 ER PT J AU Kistler, R Kalnay, E Collins, W Saha, S White, G Woollen, J Chelliah, M Ebisuzaki, W Kanamitsu, M Kousky, V van den Dool, H Jenne, R Fiorino, M AF Kistler, R Kalnay, E Collins, W Saha, S White, G Woollen, J Chelliah, M Ebisuzaki, W Kanamitsu, M Kousky, V van den Dool, H Jenne, R Fiorino, M TI The NCEP-NCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RADIATION; PROJECT; MODEL C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Kalnay, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, 2213 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014; OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 NR 28 TC 2657 Z9 2830 U1 8 U2 89 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 247 EP 267 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0247:TNNYRM>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398EC UT WOS:000166742900003 ER PT J AU Fabrizio, MC Dorazio, RM Schram, ST AF Fabrizio, MC Dorazio, RM Schram, ST TI Dynamics of individual growth in a recovering population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR MODELS; RECAPTURE DATA; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERS; SUPERIOR AB In 1976, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources established a refuge for a nearly depleted population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at Gull Island Shoal, Lake Superior. The refuge was intended to reduce fishing mortality by protecting adult lake trout. We examined the growth dynamics of these lake trout during the period of recovery by comparing estimates of individual growth before and after the refuge was established. Our estimates are based on an annual mark-recapture survey conducted at the spawning area since 1969. We developed a model that allowed mean growth rates to differ among individuals of different sizes and that accommodated variation in growth rates of individuals of the same size. Likelihood ratio tests were used to determine if the mean growth increments of lake trout changed after the refuge was established. Our results suggest that growth of mature lake trout (particularly wild fish) decreased significantly in the postrefuge period. This decreased growth may have been associated with a reduction in food availability. We also observed reductions in growth as wild fish grew older and larger, which suggests that the growth of these fish may be adequately approximated by a von Bertalanffy growth model if it becomes possible to obtain accurate ages. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. RP Fabrizio, MC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 2 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1139/cjfas-58-2-262 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399WR UT WOS:000166837700004 ER PT J AU Roni, P Quinn, TP AF Roni, P Quinn, TP TI Density and size of juvenile salmonids in response to placement of large woody debris in western Oregon and Washington streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CUTTHROAT TROUT; COASTAL STREAMS; HABITAT USE; STEELHEAD; CLARKI AB Thirty streams in western Oregon and Washington were sampled to determine the responses of juvenile salmonid populations to artificial large woody debris (LWD) placement. Total pool area, pool number, LWD loading, and LWD forming pools were higher in treatment (LWD placement) than paired reference reaches during summer or winter. Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) densities were 1.8 and 3.2 times higher in treated reaches compared with reference reaches during summer and winter, respectively. The response (treatment minus reference) of coho density to LWD placement was correlated with the number of pieces of LWD forming pools during summer and total pool area during winter. Densities of age-1+ cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) did not differ between treatment and reference reaches during summer but were 1.7 times higher in treatment reaches during winter. Age-1+ steelhead density response to treatment during summer was negatively correlated with increases in pool area. Trout fry densities did not differ between reaches, but the response of trout fry to treatment was negatively correlated with pool area during winter. Our research indicates that LWD placement can lead to higher densities of juvenile coho during summer and winter and cutthroat and steelhead during winter. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 36 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 2 BP 282 EP 292 DI 10.1139/cjfas-58-2-282 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399WR UT WOS:000166837700006 ER PT J AU Brodziak, JKT Overholtz, WJ Rago, PJ AF Brodziak, JKT Overholtz, WJ Rago, PJ TI Does spawning stock affect recruitment of New England groundfish? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FISH STOCKS; PARADIGMS; CHAOS; COMPLEXITY AB We evaluated the effects of spawning-stock size on the recruitment abundance of 11 groundfish stocks in waters off New England. Empirical patterns of association between spawning biomass and recruitment were investigated using nonparametric approaches. For most stocks, higher recruitment occurred at high stock sizes and lower recruitment at low stock sizes. Survival ratios, indexed by recruitment per unit of spawning biomass, were higher at low stock sizes and lower at high stock sizes-as expected under density dependence. To assess assumptions about recruitment dynamics, we analyzed constant-recruitment and compensatory and overcompensatory stock-recruitment models with uncorrelated and autocorrelated error structures, using Bayesian methods of statistical inference. Although no single model was adequate for all stocks, most groundfish had better than even odds of having density-dependent dynamics, and most had better than even odds of having dynamics with uncorrelated environmental variation. While some geographic and taxonomic differences in potential productivity were apparent, all stocks exhibited compensation in survival ratio at low stock sizes, albeit with substantial variation. These results indicate that conservation measures intended to increase the spawning biomass of New England groundfish will, on average, result in higher recruitment and, eventually, in increased and more stable fishery yields. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brodziak, JKT (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 2 BP 306 EP 318 DI 10.1139/cjfas-58-2-306 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399WR UT WOS:000166837700008 ER PT J AU Tinus, CA Reeves, GH AF Tinus, CA Reeves, GH TI Redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) shoals provide a behavioral competitive refuge for subordinate juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; WATER TEMPERATURE; INTRUDER PRESSURE; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; BODY-SIZE; GROWTH; TRUTTA; NICHE; COSTS AB We examined the relative effects of zero, three, and nine redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) on the aggression-related damage among three juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in aquaria at 15 and 20 degreesC. No steelhead died when in the presence of nine redside shiner. When redside shiner were not present, mortality among the smallest steelhead was 80%. Thus, the survival of smaller juvenile steelhead was significantly enhanced by the presence of redside shiner. A second experiment was conducted in 6800-L stream channels at 15 degreesC with natural substrate. In separate trials, 10 and 7 steelhead were held either alone or with 20 redside shiner. In the absence of redside shiner, fin damage was significantly greater among smaller steelhead. In both experiments, if a redside shiner group was present, the smallest steelhead frequently took refuge within the shiner group, thereby avoiding attack by dominant steelhead. We have termed this phenomenon a behavioural competitive refuge. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Tinus, CA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Waters St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 2 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1139/cjfas-58-2-319 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 399WR UT WOS:000166837700009 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, RA AF Beyerlein, RA TI Catalysis by metals - Preface SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Technol Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beyerlein, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Technol Program, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 4730, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00538-1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 411FY UT WOS:000167488500001 ER PT J AU Ferraris, CF Obla, KH Hill, R AF Ferraris, CF Obla, KH Hill, R TI The influence of mineral admixtures on the theology of cement paste and concrete SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rheology; cement paste; workability; fresh concrete AB Rheological tests on cement paste were used to successfully select the type and dosage of mineral admixtures that improved concrete workability, Among the six different mineral admixtures tested, the ultrafine fly ash (UFFA) was determined to give the best results by reducing the yield stress and viscosity. These improved theological properties were not achieved by increasing the water demand and/or the high-range water reducer (HRWR) admixtures dosage. Therefore, the addition of UFFA improved the concrete flow without a potential decrease of the hardened properties or an increase in cost. The conclusions reached based on cement paste tests were validated by concrete slump tests. The cement paste theological data were also compared using two simpler tests, minislump and Marsh cone. The goal was to determine whether the simpler tests could be used to characterize the theology of cement paste adequately. The conclusions are that these simpler tests are unreliable for measuring workability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Boral Mat Technol, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Ferraris, CF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8621, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 21 TC 197 Z9 203 U1 6 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 31 IS 2 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00454-3 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 418PY UT WOS:000167901600012 ER PT J AU Pierce, AL Beckman, BR Schearer, KD Larsen, DA Dickhoff, WW AF Pierce, AL Beckman, BR Schearer, KD Larsen, DA Dickhoff, WW TI Effects of ration on somatotropic hormones and growth in coho salmon SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); growth hormone (GH); growth; nutrition; coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch); somatotrophic; hatchery; time course ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; I MESSENGER-RNA; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; INSULIN; BINDING; FISH AB We examined the response of growth hormone (GH), total plasma insulin-like growth-factor I (IGF-I), and growth rate to a change in ration in coho salmon. Tanks of individually ragged fish were placed on high, medium, or low ration. and sampled every 2 weeks for 8 weeks to create a range of growth rates. Some fish received non-lethal blood draws. while others were sampled terminally. Plasma IGF-I levels were higher in high ration fish than in low ration fish from 4 weeks after the beginning of experimental diets to the end of the experiment. GH levels were low and similar in all fish after changing rations, except for the fish in the low ration group at week 2. IGF-I was strongly correlated with specific growth rate in weight in terminally sampled fish after 4 weeks. GH did not correlate with growth rate or IGF-I levels. Growth parameters (length, weight. specific growth rates in weight and length, and condition factor) responded to ration. Serial sampling reduced growth rates and hematocrit, but did not change hormone levels. This study shows: that IGF-I responds to changed rations within 2-4 weeks in salmonids. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pierce, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 40 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 128 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(00)00324-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 405EW UT WOS:000167146000007 PM 11207439 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD AF Brodeur, RD TI Habitat-specific distribution of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in Pribilof Canyon, Bering Sea SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE habitat; acoustics; demersal fishes; zooplankton; Bering Sea; Pribilof Canyon ID SUBMARINE CANYONS; DEEP-SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; NEW-ENGLAND; SLOPE; ZOOPLANKTON; EUPHAUSIIDS; ALASKA AB Shelf edge canyons are well-known sites of enhanced biomass due to on-shore transport and concentration of zooplankton along their axes, both of which contribute to the high densities of nekton frequently found in these canyons, Using a combination of acoustics, trawling, and in situ observations with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), the distribution of pelagic and demersal biota within Pribilof Canyon in the Bering Sea was examined in September of 1995 and 1997. Near-bottom acoustic scattering patterns in the 38 kHz data showed high concentrations of biomass beginning around the 180 m bottom depth contour and continuing to about 320 m, which were presumed to be adult fish based on their target strength distributions. The 120 kHz data also showed very strong scattering in the water column between 150 and 175 m, which was absent from the 38 kHz data, and therefore attributed mainly to zooplankton. The dominant taxa collected in bottom trawls and mid-water plankton tows were adult rockfishes (Pacific ocean perch, Sebastes alutus) and euphausiids (Thysanoessa spp.), respectively. In situ videos revealed dense aggregations of these rockfishes inhabiting a "forest" of attached sea whips, Halipteris willemoesi, during night deployments of the ROV, while areas with damaged sea whips had far fewer rockfish, and areas without this biotic habitat structure had no rockfish, During the day, the rockfishes were seen above the "forest", where they were apparently feeding on dense swarms of euphausiids. it appears that these rockfish utilize this predictable and abundant food resource in the canyon during the day and are associated with the sea whip habitat at night during periods of inactivity. More research is needed on these slow-growing biotic habitats and how fishing activities in the Bering Sea and elsewhere may impact these habitats. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 56 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 207 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00083-2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 400NX UT WOS:000166879200001 ER PT J AU Baker, ET Tennant, DA Feely, RA Lebon, GT Walker, SL AF Baker, ET Tennant, DA Feely, RA Lebon, GT Walker, SL TI Field and laboratory studies on the effect of particle size and composition on optical backscattering measurements in hydrothermal plumes SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE optical instruments; light scattering; hydrothermal activity; particle size; suspended particulate matter; Juan de Fuca Ridge ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SEA; DISTRIBUTIONS; CALIBRATION; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION; ERUPTION; SEDIMENT; SENSORS; RIDGE AB We describe the performance of an inexpensive but highly sensitive light backscattering sensor (LBSS) suitable for use in deep-sea waters, where particle concentrations are typically < 0.1 mg/l. Laboratory calibrations using aluminosilicate particles and latex spheres show that the concentration-normalized backscattering of the LESS, Kbs, is greatest for particles with a diameter close to the wavelength of light emitted by the LESS (0.88 mum), declining by more than a factor of five for particles < 0.1 m or > 10 mum. Field studies indicate that in hydrothermal plumes dominated by fine-grained metal precipitates the 95% confidence interval for predicting mass concentration with an LESS ranges from +/- 0.004 mg/l for 0.03 mg/l suspensions to +/- 0.008 mg/l at 0.12 mg/l. Comparisons among a group of 19 LBSSs found between-instrument variability to reach 70%, but normalizing the raw data using a laboratory calibration procedure reduced the maximum variability to similar to 8%, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmospher & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00011-X PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 374UM UT WOS:000165362800012 ER PT J AU Ehlen, MA AF Ehlen, MA TI The economic impact of manufacturing extension centers SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB A recent U.S. Census survey indicates that two Illinois manufacturing extension centers affiliated with the national Manufacturing Extension Partnership have improved the performance of small Illinois firms and the Illinois state economy During a 2-year period, the centers directly helped client firms create $22.5 million in sales and create or retain 483 jobs. These benefits, through their direct and indirect effects on the state economy, generated an estimated $119 million in new state output and 450 new state jobs during a 4-year period. State and local tar revenues increased by $9.5 million during the same period, comparing favorably with the $6 million 2-year funding for the two centers. These client-firm impacts occurred in industries important to state economic growth, high-wage employment, and competitiveness relative to the rest of the nation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ehlen, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0891-2424 J9 ECON DEV Q JI Econ. Dev. Q. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1177/089124240101500103 PG 9 WC Economics; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 394HN UT WOS:000166518100003 ER PT J AU Pratt, HL Carrier, JC AF Pratt, HL Carrier, JC TI A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Elasmobranch-Society CY JUL 18, 1998 CL UNIV GUELPH, GUELPH, CANADA SP Amer Elasmobanch Soc HO UNIV GUELPH DE mating; courtship; copulation; sexual segregation; tagging; habitat; fishery management; nursery grounds; pheromones; sharks; skates; rays ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MATING-BEHAVIOR; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; FISHES; BIOLOGY; STINGRAY; ISLANDS; STORAGE; TAURUS AB Elasmobranch reproductive behavior has been inferred from freshly caught specimens, laboratory examinations of reproductive structures and function, or determined from direct observations of captive or free swimming wild animals. Several general behaviors have been described including seasonal sexual segregation, courtship and copulation. Courtship behavior was inferred for many species from the presence of scars and tooth cuts on the female's body, and noted in more detail from underwater observations. Copulation has been directly observed in captive settings for several species of elasmobranchs in large aquaria, and in the wild for three species of urolophids and for Triaenodon obesus and Ginglymostoma cirratum. A detailed 'case history' of nurse shark reproductive behavior is presented that may be used as a template for future work on shark reproductive behavior of other species. Our studies, using diver identifiable tags and in situ behavioral observations, provide unprecedented information on social structure and mating behavior in this species. Since 1993, 115 G. cirratum, 45 adults and 70 juveniles have been tagged in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Observations show that adult males visit the study site every year with three males dominant. Individual adult females visit the study area to mate in alternate years. Polygyny and polyandry are common. Future research on reproductive behavior of elasmobranchs should address questions on male access to females, sexual selection and dominance hierarchies. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, US DOC, NOAA,NEFSC,Narragensett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Albion Coll, Dept Biol, Albion, MI 49224 USA. RP Pratt, HL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, US DOC, NOAA,NEFSC,Narragensett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 92 TC 130 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 38 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2001 VL 60 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 188 PG 32 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 396DV UT WOS:000166621800012 ER PT J AU Kohler, NE Turner, PA AF Kohler, NE Turner, PA TI Shark tagging: A review of conventional methods and studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Elasmobranch-Society CY JUL 18, 1998 CL UNIV GUELPH, GUELPH, CANADA SP Amer Elasmobanch Soc HO UNIV GUELPH DE elasmobranch; mark; tag; recapture; migration; movement ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; MUSTELUS-ANTARCTICUS GUNTHER; SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARK; SOUTHERN AUSTRALIAN WATERS; JUVENILE LEMON SHARKS; ZEALAND SCHOOL SHARK; GALEORHINUS-GALEUS; TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; LEOPARD SHARK; TAG RETURNS AB The tagging of sharks using conventional tags has long been recognized as a valuable means for studying various aspects of their life history, migrations and movements, and population structure. Conventional tags are defined as those that can be identified visually without the use of special detection equipment. Tagging studies specifically targeting sharks began in the late 1920's, and today numerous cooperative shark tagging programs exist worldwide. Cooperative programs depend on the joint participation of scientists and public volunteers to accomplish research objectives. Benefits and problems of these programs are discussed using the tagging methodologies, protocols, and results of the National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Shark Tagging Program. An additional 63 shark tagging studies and programs of all types are reviewed. Information useful for behavioral, biological, and fishery management studies can be derived from data resulting from these studies, including species and size composition, sex ratios, spatial and temporal distribution, migrations, movement patterns, rates of travel, delineation of pupping grounds, distribution of maturity intervals, indices of relative abundance, and recognition of individuals. Specific tagging experiments can be designed to provide additional data on age and growth, homing and site fidelity, dispersal rate, residence time, movement rates, tag shedding, and population parameters (e.g. size, mortality, recruitment, exploitation, interaction rates, and stock identity). Sources of bias inherent in tagging and recapture data include mortality, variation in tagging effort and fishing pressure, non-recovery and non-reporting of tags, and tag shedding. Recent advances in tagging methodologies that complement and extend conventional tagging studies will further our knowledge on shark movements and migrations, particularly in the areas of resource utilization and management, space utilization, and population dynamics. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kohler, NE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 145 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 5 U2 57 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2001 VL 60 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 223 DI 10.1023/A:1007679303082 PG 33 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 396DV UT WOS:000166621800013 ER PT J AU Matta, MB Linse, J Cairncross, C Francendese, L Kocan, RM AF Matta, MB Linse, J Cairncross, C Francendese, L Kocan, RM TI Reproductive and transgenerational effects of methylmercury or Aroclor 1268 on Fundulus heteroclitus SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; polychlorinated biphenyls; Fundulus; tissue concentrations; reproduction ID SEX DETERMINATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; MERCURY; EGG; CONTAMINATION; CONGENERS; CHLORIDE; WILDLIFE; ESTROGEN; PCB AB This research determined the potential for methylmercury or Aroclor 1268 to disrupt reproduction and sexual differentiation in Fundulus heteroclitus. The research determined whether fish that are exposed to mercury or Aroclor 1268 survive and successfully reproduce; whether offspring of exposed fish hatch, survive, produce eggs, and fertilize them; and whether the second-generation offspring of exposed fish hatch and survive. Fundulus heteroclitus were exposed to mercury or Aroclor 1268 via contaminated food. Endpoints evaluated included survival, growth, fecundity, fertilization success, hatch success, larval survival, sex ratios, and the prevalence of gonadal abnormalities. In general, polychlorinated biphenyls were highly bioavailable and accumulated well through feeding. The only statistically significant effect observed as a result of treatment with Aroclor 1268 was an increase in growth in the offspring of exposed fish. Mercury was accumulated in a dose-dependent fashion via food exposures. Exposure to mercury in food increased mortality in male F. heteroclitus, which possibly occurred as a result of behavioral alterations. Increased mortality was observed at body burdens of 0.2 to 0.47 mug/g. Offspring of F. heteroclitus fed mercury-contaminated food were less able to successfully reproduce, with reduced fertilization success observed at egg concentrations of 0.01 to 0.63 mug/g, which corresponds with parent whole-body concentrations of 1.1 to 1.2 mug/g. Offspring of exposed fish also had altered sex ratios, with treatment at moderate concentrations producing fewer females and treatment at the highest concentration producing more females than expected. Alterations in sex ratios were observed at concentrations of less than 0.01 mug/g in eggs or between 0.44 and 1.1 mug/g in parents. Offspring of mercury-exposed fish also had increased growth in moderate treatments, when egg concentrations were less than 0.02 mug/g, or when parent whole bodies contained 0.2 to 0.47 mug/g. in summary, exposure to mercury reduced male survival, reduced the ability of offspring to successfully reproduce, and altered sex ratios in offspring. Both direct effects on exposed fish and transgenerational effects were observed. C1 NOAA, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US EPA, Hazardous Waste Div, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Matta, MB (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Protect & Restorat Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 327 EP 335 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396DX UT WOS:000166622000013 PM 11351432 ER PT J AU Anderson, BS Hunt, JW Phillips, BM Fairey, R Roberts, CA Oakden, JM Puckett, HM Stephenson, M Tjeerdema, RS Long, ER Wilson, CJ Lyons, JM AF Anderson, BS Hunt, JW Phillips, BM Fairey, R Roberts, CA Oakden, JM Puckett, HM Stephenson, M Tjeerdema, RS Long, ER Wilson, CJ Lyons, JM TI Sediment quality in Los Angeles Harbor, USA: A triad assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE sediment quality triad; Los Angeles Harbor, USA; toxicity; benthos; bioaccumulation ID CROAKER GENYONEMUS-LINEATUS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; MARINE; CALIFORNIA; CONTAMINATION; GUIDELINES; RIVER AB Sediment quality in the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbor area of southern California, USA, was assessed from 1992 to 1997 as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board's Bay Protection and Toxic Cleanup Program and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Status and Trends Program. The assessment strategy relied on application of various components of the sediment quality triad, combined with bioaccumulation measures, in a weight-of-evidence approach to sediment quality investigations. Results of bulk-phase chemical measurements, solid-phase amphipod toxicity tests, pore-water toxicity tests with invertebrate embryos, benthic community analyses (presented as a relative benthic index), and bioaccumulation measures indicated that inner harbor areas of this system are polluted by high concentrations of a mixture of sediment-associated contaminants and that this pollution is highly correlated with toxicity in laboratory experiments and degradation of benthic community structure. While 29% of sediment samples from this system were toxic to amphipods (Rhepoxynius abronius or Eohaustorius estuarius), 79% were toxic to abalone embryos (Haliotis rufescens) exposed to 100% pore-water concentrations. Statistical analyses indicated that amphipod survival in laboratory toxicity tests was significantly correlated with the number of crustacean species and the total number of species measured in the benthos at these stations. Triad measures were incorporated into a decision matrix designed to classify stations based on degree of sediment pollution, toxicity, benthic community degradation, and, where applicable, tissue concentrations in laboratory-exposed bivalves and feral fish. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NOAA, ORCA, Coastal Monitoring & Bioeffects Assessment Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Los Angeles Reg Water Qual Control Board, Los Angeles, CA 90013 USA. RP Anderson, BS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0359:SQILAH>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 396DX UT WOS:000166622000017 PM 11351436 ER PT J AU Yang, JC Donnelly, MK Prive, NC Grosshandler, WL AF Yang, JC Donnelly, MK Prive, NC Grosshandler, WL TI An apparatus for screening fire suppression efficiency of dispersed liquid agents SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE water additives; droplets; diffusion flames; fire suppression ID DIFFUSION FLAMES AB The design, construction, demonstration, and operation of a bench-scale device capable of comparison screening the fire suppression efficiency of liquid agents are described in this paper. The apparatus is based on a well-characterized flame, a means to facilitate the introduction of liquid agents, and a way to generate liquid droplets. A porous cylinder in a counterflow diffusion configuration is used. A small-scale vertical wind tunnel, which allows for the delivery of a uniform flow of oxidizer to the burner and also assists in the delivery of liquid agent droplets to the flame, is used for the flow facility. Droplets are generated by a small glass nebulizer. The performance of the screening apparatus was evaluated using several liquid fire suppressants with different thermophysical properties. A test protocol is also proposed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8651, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Prive, Nikki/H-2342-2012; OI Prive, Nikki/0000-0001-8309-8741 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0379-7112(00)00042-4 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 394NR UT WOS:000166530600004 ER PT J AU Wise, SA AF Wise, SA TI Exclusive focus: Analytical chemistry in North America SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 369 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s002160000677 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 407LP UT WOS:000167273300001 ER PT J AU Butler, JM Ruitberg, CM Vallone, PM AF Butler, JM Ruitberg, CM Vallone, PM TI Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for optimization of multiplex PCR reactions SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; INVITRO; LOCUS AB Copying multiple regions of a DNA molecule is routinely performed today using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a process commonly referred to as multiplex PCR. The development of a multiplex PCR reaction involves designing primer sets and examining various combinations of those primer sets and different reaction components and/or thermal cycling conditions, The process of optimizing a multiplex PCR reaction in order to obtain a well-balanced set of amplicons can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. The rapid separation and quantitation capabilities of capillary electrophoresis make it an efficient technique to help in the multiplex PCR optimization process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 369 IS 3-4 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s002160000641 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 407LP UT WOS:000167273300002 PM 11293694 ER PT J AU Chiu, CH Turle, R Poole, G Thibert, B Brubaker, WW Schantz, MM Wise, SA AF Chiu, CH Turle, R Poole, G Thibert, B Brubaker, WW Schantz, MM Wise, SA TI Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners in air particulate and marine sediment standard reference materials (SRMs) SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; CHLORINATED PESTICIDES; CERTIFICATION AB Due to the limited number of environmental matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) with assigned values for natural levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), an interlaboratory study was undertaken by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Environment Canada to establish reference concentration Values for selected PCDD/Fs in two well-characterized NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs): SRM 1649a (Urban Dust) and SRM 1944 (New York/New Jersey Waterway Sediment). Results from 14 laboratories were used to provide reference values for the seventeen 2, 3, 7, 8-substituted PCDD/F congeners, the totals for individual tetra- through hepta-substituted PCDD/F homologues, and the total amount of tetra- through hepta-substituted PCDD/Fs. The mass fractions for the individual 2, 3, 7, 8-substituted congeners range from approximately 0.01 mug/kg to 7 mug/kg dry mass. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Environm Canada, Environm Technol Ctr, Anal & Air Qual Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 369 IS 3-4 BP 356 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s002160000554 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 407LP UT WOS:000167273300024 PM 11293716 ER PT J AU Tutschku, S Schantz, MM Horvat, M Logar, M Akagi, H Emons, H Levenson, M Wise, SA AF Tutschku, S Schantz, MM Horvat, M Logar, M Akagi, H Emons, H Levenson, M Wise, SA TI Certification of the methylmercury content in SRM 2977 Mussel Tissue (organic contaminants and trace elements) and SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; METHYL MERCURY-COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DISTILLATION; WATER; SRM AB The methylmercury content in two new marine bivalve mollusk tissue Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been certified using results of analyses from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and two other laboratories. The certified concentrations of methylmercury were established based on the results from four and six different (independent) analytical methods, respectively, for SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue (13.2 +/- 0.7 mug/kg) and SRM 2977 Mussel Tissue (organic contaminants and trace elements) (36.2 +/- 1.7 mug/kg). The certified concentration of methylmercury in SRM 1566b is among the lowest in any certified reference material (CRM). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Appl Phys Chem, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 369 IS 3-4 BP 364 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s002160000640 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 407LP UT WOS:000167273300025 PM 11293717 ER PT J AU Dlugokencky, EJ Walter, BP Masarie, KA Lang, PM Kasischke, ES AF Dlugokencky, EJ Walter, BP Masarie, KA Lang, PM Kasischke, ES TI Measurements of an anomalous global methane increase during 1998 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GROWTH-RATE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DRAMATIC DECREASE; CH4; EMISSIONS; PINATUBO; GAS AB Measurements of atmospheric methane from a globally distributed network of air sampling sites indicate that the globally averaged CH4 growth rate increased from an average of 3.9 ppb yr(-1) during 1995-1997 to 12.7 +/- 0.6 ppb in 1998. The global growth rate then decreased to 2.6 +/- 0.6 ppb during 1999, indicating that the large increase in 1998 was not a return to the larger growth rates observed during the late-1970s and early-1980s. The increased growth rate during 1998 corresponds to an increase in the imbalance between CH4 sources and sinks equal to similar to 24 Tg CH4, the largest perturbation observed in 16 years of measurements. We suggest that wetland and boreal biomass burning sources may have contributed to the anomaly. An adaptation of a global process-based model, which included soil-temperature and precipitation anomalies, was used to calculate emission anomalies of 11.6 Tg CH4 from wetlands north of 30 degreesN and 13 Tg CH4 for tropical wetlands during 1998 compared to average emissions calculated for 1982-1993. For 1999, calculated wetland emission anomalies were negative for high northern latitudes and the tropics, contributing to the low growth rate observed in 1999. Also 1998 was a severe fire year in boreal regions where similar to1.3 x 10(5) km(2) of forest and peat land burned releasing an estimated 5.7 Tg CH4. C1 NOAA, CMDL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dlugokencky, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, CMDL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 24 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1029/2000GL012119 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 395LK UT WOS:000166581700025 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Tans, PP Monson, RK AF Bowling, DR Tans, PP Monson, RK TI Partitioning net ecosystem carbon exchange with isotopic fluxes of CO2 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canopy conductance; carbon dioxide; eddy covariance; forest micrometeorology; net ecosystem exchange; stable isotopes ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; RESPIRED CO2; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; DARK RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY FLUXES; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Because biological and physical processes alter the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2, variations in isotopic content can be used to investigate those processes. Isotopic flux measurements of (CO2)-C-13 above terrestrial ecosystems can potentially be used to separate net ecosystenm CO2 exchange (NEE) into its component fluxes, net photosynthetic assimilation (F-A) and ecosystem respiration (F-R) In this paper theory is developed to partition measured NEE into F-A and F-R, using measurements of fluxes of CO2 and (CO2)-C-13, and isotopic composition of respired CO2 and forest air. The theory is then applied to fluxes measured (or estimated, for (CO2)-C-13) in a temperate deciduous forest in eastern Tennessee (Walker Branch Watershed). It appears that there is indeed enough additional information in (CO2)-C-13 fluxes to partition NEE into its photosynthetic and respiratory components. Diurnal patterns in F-A and F-R were obtained, which are consistent in magnitude and shape with patterns obtained from NEE measurements and an exponential regression between night-time NEE and temperature (a standard technique which provides alternate estimates of F-R and F-A) The light response curve for photosynthesis (F-A VS. PAR) was weakly nonlinear, indicating potential for saturation at high light intensities. Assimilation-weighted discrimination against (CO2)-C-13 for this forest during July 1999 was 16.8-17.1 parts per thousand, depending on canopy conductance. The greatest uncertainties in this approach lie in the evaluation of canopy conductance and its effect on whole-canopy photosynthetic discrimination, and thus the indirect methods used to estimate isotopic fluxes. Direct eddy covariance measurements of (CO2)-C-13 flux are needed to assess the validity of the assumptions used and provide defensible isotope-based estimates of the component fluxes of net ecosystem exchange. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 76 TC 131 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 7 IS 2 BP 127 EP 145 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00400.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 415QN UT WOS:000167734300001 ER PT J AU Jech, JM Horne, JK AF Jech, JM Horne, JK TI Effects of in situ target spatial distributions on acoustic density estimates SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density estimates; spatial modeling; underwater acoustics ID VERTICAL MIGRATION BEHAVIOR; BEAM ECHO-SOUNDER; FISH GROWTH-RATE; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACKS; PELAGIC PLANKTIVORES; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EXPLICIT MODELS; ABUNDANCE; SIZE AB One goal of acoustic-based abundance estimates is to accurately preserve spatial distributions of organism density and size within survey data. We simulated spatially-random and spatially-autocorrelated fish density and sigma (bs) distributions to quantify variance in density. abundance. and backscattering cross-sectional area estimates, and to examine the sensitivity of abundance estimates to organism spatial distributions and methods of estimating acoustic size. Our results show that it is difficult to simultaneously estimate fish density and maintain accurate sigma (bs)-frequency distributions. Among our acoustic backscatter estimation methods. a weighted-mean from a local search window provided optimal estimates of density. abundance and sigma (bs). Other methods tended to bias either sigma (bs) or density estimates. This analysis identifies the relative importance of variance sources when estimating organism density using spatially-indexed acoustic data. C1 Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.0996 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 431ZM UT WOS:000168661700013 ER PT J AU Munro, PT Somerton, DA AF Munro, PT Somerton, DA TI Maximum likelihood and non-parametric methods for estimating trawl footrope selectivity SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auxiliary net; demersal trawl; logistic function; probability of capture; ratio test; scatterplot smoother; survey ID BETWEEN-HAUL VARIATION; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; EFFICIENCY; CURVES; GEAR AB When a fish comes in contact with a trawl, the probability of its capture may depend on its size, a process that has been called "contact selection". Estimating capture probability as a function of size is important to properly interpret data from demersal trawl surveys. Previous investigations of contact selectivity of trawls hav e largely been in the context of mesh retention in commercial fisheries, We extended estimation methods established for retention to account for the more complex capture processes that occur at the footrope. We used a hierarchy of parametric curves, based on the exponential logistic function, to distinguish among Terms that represent different fish capture mechanisms, Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood methods and models were selected based on a sequence of likelihood ratio tests, The cubic spline scatterplot smoother was used as a non-parametric alternative. Scatter plot smoothers are free of three assumptions critical to maximum likelihood estimation of contact selectivity: that the selectivity has a specific functional form, that the fates of individual encountered fish are independent: and that size dependent probabilities of capture are independent among length classes. Mechanisms are suggested that might explain the form of the footrope capture process identified by contact-selectivity estimation. The benefits and limits of each estimation strategy are discussed. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conversat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Munro, PT (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conversat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 220 EP 229 DI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.1004 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 431ZM UT WOS:000168661700021 ER PT J AU Dorn, MW AF Dorn, MW TI Fishing behavior of factory trawlers: a hierarchical model of information processing and decision-making SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pacific hake fishery; factory trawlers; fishing behavior; decision-making; Kalman tilter; optimal foraging models ID HAKE MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; FLEET DYNAMICS; FISHERY; ABUNDANCE; STOCK; CATCH; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATION; ALLOCATION; MOVEMENT AB This study presents a model of an individual factory trawler conducting fishing operations off the west coast of North America in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery. The model is used to explore several concepts that provide new insight into fishing behavior. A central theme of the model is the role of decision-making at different spatio-temporal scales. Decision-making occurs at two scales: (1) choosing an area to fish, and (2) scheduling haul setting and retrievals whilst fishing within an area, These decisions are considered to be state-dependent. with state consisting of both the internal stare of the vessel, represented by the amount of fish in holding bins and the amount of fish already in the net, and the external state of the environment. represented by the density of Pacific hake in the area. A novel aspect of the model is a quantitative procedure, based on the Kalman filter, for modeling expert knowledge about local fish densities gained by searching and fishing. Information about local fish density is processed by the fisherman and retained in memory as a symbolic representation, or a "map". Although the spatial structure of the map and the updating procedures are quite simple in the model presented in this paper, the concept is general and can be extended to other kinds of information available to the fisherman about local fish densities. The model is used to characterize the optimal decision rules and to evaluate the usefulness of indices derived from factory trawler catch data to monitor population abundance trends. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dorn, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,BIN C15700, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM martin.dorn@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 238 EP 252 DI 10.1006/jmsc.2000.1006 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 431ZM UT WOS:000168661700023 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Hale, P AF Coakley, KJ Hale, P TI Alignment of noisy signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive estimation; cross-correlation analysis; high-speed sampling oscilloscopes; least-squares estimation; robust estimation; signal alignment; timing jitter noise ID CARDIAC SIGNALS; PERFORMANCE; ESTIMATOR AB We;study the relative performance of various methods for aligning noisy one-dimensional signals. No knowledge of the shape of the misaligned signals is assumed. We simulate signals corrupted by both additive noise and timing jitter noise which are similar in complexity to nose-to-nose oscilloscope calibration signals collected at NIST. In one method, we estimate the relative shift of two signals as the difference of their estimated centroids, We present a new adaptive algorithm for centroid estimation. We also estimate relative shifts from three different implementations of cross-correlation analysis. In a complete implementation, for N signals, relative shifts are estimated from all N(N - 1)/2 distinct pairs of signals. In a naive implementation, relative shifts are estimated from just (N - 1) pairs of signals. In an iterative adaptive implementation, we estimate the relative shift of each signal with respect to a template signal which, at each iteration, is equated to the signal average of the aligned signals. In simulation experiments; 100 misaligned signals are generated. For all noise levels, the complete cross-correlation method yields the most accurate estimates of the relative shifts. The relative performance of the other methods depends on the noise levels. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 50 IS 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1109/19.903892 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 403UV UT WOS:000167061600022 ER PT J AU Allen, RA Headley, TJ Everist, SC Ghoshtagore, RN Cresswell, MW Linholm, LW AF Allen, RA Headley, TJ Everist, SC Ghoshtagore, RN Cresswell, MW Linholm, LW TI High-resolution transmission electron microscopy calibration of critical dimension (CD) reference materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE critical dimension; linewidth; reference materials; semiconductor process metrology ID SILICON; WIDTH AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology and Sandia National Laboratories have developed a procedure for producing and calibrating critical dimension (CD), or linewidth, reference materials. These reference materials will be used to calibrate metrology instruments used in semiconductor manufacturing. The reference features, with widths down to 100 nm, are produced in monocrystalline silicon with all feature edges aligned to specific crystal planes, A two-part calibration of these linewidths is used: the primary calibration, with accuracy to within a few lattice plane thicknesses, is accomplished by counting the lattice planes across the sample as-imaged through use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, The secondary calibration is the high-precision electrical CD technique. In this paper, we describe the calibration procedure for these reference materials and estimate the related uncertainties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Microstruct Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Silicon R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0894-6507 J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1109/66.909652 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 409BG UT WOS:000167364200004 ER PT J AU Foecke, T Banovic, SW Fields, RJ AF Foecke, T Banovic, SW Fields, RJ TI Sheet metal formability studies at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FORMING-LIMIT DIAGRAM; STRAIN; PREDICTION AB Sheet-metal forming is a multi-billion-dollar industry in the United Stares, with an overwhelming portion of its use in automotive markets as formed-sheet components. With roughly one-third of the weight of an auto in this form, the Big Three automakers (Ford, General Motors, and Daimler-Chrysler) are looking for lighter, yet high-strength alternative sheer materials. Such materials would reduce the overall weighs of vehicles, helping the automakers achieve gas mileage goals set down in the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles. Progress has been slow, however, because of a lack of knowledge and experience in forming these new materials. The National Institute of Standards and Technology, in keeping with its mission to assist industry by developing technology and standard test methods, has initiated a program to help the auto industry, as well as other industries that produce and utilize sheet metal, make the transition to these new materials. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foecke, T (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 53 IS 2 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s11837-001-0116-6 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400ZD UT WOS:000166901800004 ER PT J AU Collins, WG AF Collins, WG TI The operational complex quality control of radiosonde heights and temperatures at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Part I: Description of the method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The quality control of meteorological data has always been an important, if not always fully appreciated, step in the use of the data for analysis and forecasting. In most quality-control approaches, erroneous data are treated as nonrandom "outliers'' to the data distribution, which must be eliminated. The elimination of such data traditionally proceeds from coarse to finer filters. More recent methods use the fit (or lack of fit) of such data to an analysis, excluding the data, to determine whether data are acceptable. The complex quality-control (CQC) approach, on the other hand, recognizes that most rough errors are caused by human error and can likely be corrected. In the CQC approach, several independent checks are made that provide numerical measures of any error magnitude. It is only after all check magnitudes, called residuals, are calculated that data quality is determined and errors are corrected when possible. The data-quality assessment and correction is made by the sophisticated logic of the decision-making algorithm (DMA). The principles and development of the method of CQC for radiosonde data were given by Gandin. The development of CQC at the National Centers for Environmental Protection (NCEP) for the detection and correction of errors in radiosonde heights and temperatures, called the complex quality control for heights and temperatures (CQCHT), has progressed from the use of a complex of hydrostatic checks only to the use of statistical and other checks as well, thereby becoming progressively sophisticated. This paper describes a major restructuring in the use of the radiosonde data and in the logical basis of the DMA in the operational CQCHT algorithm at NCEP so that, unlike the previous implementations, all data levels are treated together, thus potentially allowing the correction at any level to influence subsequent correction at adjacent levels, whether they are mandatory or significant. At each level, treated one by one from the surface upward, all available checks are used to make the appropriate decisions. Several vertical passes may be made through the data until no more corrections are possible. Final passes look for "observation'' errors. The methods of error determination are outlined, and the effect of errors on the residuals is illustrated. The calculation of residuals is described, their availability for each type of data surface (e.g., earth's surface, mandatory level, significant level) is given, and their use by the DMA is presented. The limitations of the use of various checks are discussed. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 207, Camp Spring, MD 20746 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0137:TOCQCO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401VH UT WOS:000166948900002 ER PT J AU Collins, WG AF Collins, WG TI The operational complex quality control of radiosonde heights and temperatures at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Part II: Examples of error diagnosis and correction from operational use SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER AB The method of complex quality control of radiosonde heights and temperatures (CQCHT) has been under continuous development and improvement at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction since 1988. Part I of this paper gives the background for the method and details for the currently operational version of the code, which contains significant improvements over previous versions. Part II shows a number of interesting examples of operation of the algorithm and gives statistics on its performance during the first year of operation, September 1997 through August 1998. In a few examples, it is seen how even complicated errors may be corrected. The statistics show that of the 5700 hydrostatically detected errors each month, 77% were corrected. There is a great variation in the geographical distribution of errors, but it is found that a majority of all stations have at least one hydrostatically suspected error during a month's time. In addition to hydrostatically detected errors, the CQCHT detects almost 16 000 so-called observation errors in height and temperature each month. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 152 EP 168 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0152:TOCQCO>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401VH UT WOS:000166948900003 ER PT J AU Xiu, AJ Pleim, JE AF Xiu, AJ Pleim, JE TI Development of a land surface model. Part I: Application in a mesoscale meteorological model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; MESOBETA-SCALE MODEL; 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; FIELD EXPERIMENT FIFE; SOIL-MOISTURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; REGIONAL SCALES; HAPEX-MOBILHY; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES AB Parameterization of land surface processes and consideration of surface inhomogeneities are very important to mesoscale meteorological modeling applications, especially those that provide information for air quality modeling. To provide crucial, reliable information on the diurnal evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and its dynamic characteristics, it is necessary in a mesoscale model to include a land surface parameterization that simulates the essential physics processes and is computationally efficient. A land surface model is developed and implemented in the Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) to enable MM5 to respond to changing soil moisture and vegetation conditions. This land surface model includes explicit soil moisture, which is based on the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere model and three pathways for evaporation, including soil evaporation, canopy evaporation, and vegetative evapotranspiration. The stomatal conductance, leaf-to-canopy scaling, and surface moisture parameterizations are newly developed based on a variety of sources in the current literature. Also, a processing procedure for gridding soil and vegetation parameters and simulating seasonal growth has been developed. MM5 with the land surface model is tested and evaluated against observations and the "standard'' MM5, which uses a simple surface moisture availability scheme to estimate the soil wetness and then the latent heat flux, for two cases from the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment. The evaluation analysis focuses primarily on surface fluxes of heat and moisture, near-surface temperature, soil temperature, PBL height, and vertical temperature profiles. A subsequent article will describe extensions of this model to simulate chemical dry deposition. C1 MCNC, Environm Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP MCNC, Environm Program, POB 12889,3021 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM aijun@ncsc.org RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 72 TC 171 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 192 EP 209 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0192:DOALSM>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401VH UT WOS:000166948900006 ER PT J AU Cohn, RD Eder, BK Leduc, SK Dennis, RL AF Cohn, RD Eder, BK Leduc, SK Dennis, RL TI Development of an aggregation and episode selection scheme to support the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WET DEPOSITION TOTALS; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; SIMILAR METEOROLOGY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; DEFINE PERIODS; 3-DAY PERIODS; CLASSIFICATION; VISIBILITY; PATTERNS AB The development of an episode selection and aggregation approach, designed to support distributional estimation for use with the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, is described. The approach utilized cluster analysis of the 700-hPa east-west and north-south wind field components over the time period of 1984-92 to define homogeneous meteorological clusters. Alternative schemes were compared using relative efficiencies and meteorological considerations. An optimal scheme was defined to include 20 clusters (five per season), and a stratified sample of 40 events was selected from the 20 clusters using a systematic sampling technique. The light-extinction coefficient, which provides a measure of visibility, was selected as the primary evaluative parameter for two reasons. First, this parameter can serve as a surrogate for particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 mum, for which few observational data exist. Second, of the air quality parameters simulated by CMAQ, this visibility parameter has one of the most spatially and temporally comprehensive observational datasets. Results suggest that the approach reasonably characterizes synoptic-scale flow patterns and leads to strata that explain the variation in extinction coefficient and other parameters (temperature and relative humidity) used in this analysis, and therefore the approach can be used to achieve improved estimates of these parameters relative to estimates obtained using other methods. Moreover, defining seasonally based clusters further improves the ability of the clusters to explain the variation in these parameters and therefore leads to more precise estimates. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Analyt Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Eder, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop 80, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 210 EP 228 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0210:DOAAAE>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401VH UT WOS:000166948900007 ER PT J AU Kaplan, J DeMaria, M AF Kaplan, J DeMaria, M TI On the decay of tropical cyclone winds after landfall in the New England area SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB A version of the Kaplan and DeMaria empirical model for predicting the decay of tropical cyclone 1-min maximum sustained surface winds after landfall is developed for the New England region. The original model was developed from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) best-track wind estimates for storms that made landfall in the United States south of 37 degreesN from 1967 to 1993. In this note, a similar model is developed for U.S. storms north of 37 degreesN, which primarily made landfall in New York or Rhode Island and then moved across New England. Because of the less frequent occurrence of New England tropical cyclones, it was necessary to include cases back to 1938 to obtain a reasonable sample size. In addition, because of the faster translational speed and the fairly rapid extratropical transition of the higher-latitude cases, it was necessary to estimate the wind speeds at 2-h intervals after landfall, rather than every 6 h, as in the NHC best track. For the model development, the estimates of the maximum sustained surface winds of nine landfalling storms (seven hurricanes and two tropical storms) at 2-h intervals were determined by an analysis of all available surface data. The wind observations were adjusted to account for variations in anemometer heights, averaging times, and exposures. Results show that the winds in the northern model decayed more (less) rapidly than those of the southern model, when the winds just after landfall are greater (less) than 33 knots. It is hypothesized that this faster rate of decay is due to the higher terrain near the coast for the northern sample and to the more hostile environmental conditions (e.g., higher vertical wind shear). The slower decay rate when the winds fall below 33 knots in the northern model might be due to the availability of a baroclinic energy source as the storms undergo extratropical transition. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Colorado State Univ, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Team, NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaplan, J (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014 OI Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 280 EP 286 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0280:OTDOTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401VH UT WOS:000166948900012 ER PT J AU Takagi, S Chow, LC Markovic, M Friedman, CD Costantino, PD AF Takagi, S Chow, LC Markovic, M Friedman, CD Costantino, PD TI Morphological and phase characterizations of retrieved calcium phosphate cement implants SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE self-hardening calcium phosphate cement; calcium phosphate cement implant; carbonated hydroxyapatite; tetracalcium phosphate; dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; CPC characterization ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION; BIOMATERIAL; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; BONE AB A self-hardening calcium phosphate cement (CPC), consisting of equimolar amounts of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, hardens when mixed with water and forms a resorbable hydroxyapatite (HA) as the end-product. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes of the phase and morphology of the CPC during hardening and aging under in vivo conditions. CPC samples retrieved 12 h after hardening in vivo had already contained carbonated HA (type B), even though the initial cement mixture did not contain carbonate as one of the solid components. The mass fraction of carbonate in the 12-h sample was about 1%. The results suggested that under in vivo conditions carbonate is readily available and this allows formation of carbonated HA in favor of carbonate-free HA, The carbonate content of the CPC samples retrieved 3 months after implantation was similar to that of the 12-h samples, and the exterior surfaces of the 3-month samples appeared less crystalline than that of the 12-h samples, (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons. Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 36-41. 2001. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Takagi, S (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789] NR 19 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1002/1097-4636(2001)58:1<36::AID-JBM50>3.0.CO;2-# PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 398JQ UT WOS:000166753700005 PM 11152995 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Quinn, JB AF Xu, HHK Quinn, JB TI Effect of silicon carbide whisker-silica heat treatment on the reinforcement of dental resin composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dental restorative material; reinforcement; ceramic whisker; heat-treatment; resin composite; strength ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBER COMPOSITES; IN-VITRO; RESTORATIONS; CONVERSION; STRENGTH; FAILURE; CROWNS; INLAY; WATER AB The strength and fracture resistance of dental resin composites need to be improved to extend their use to large stress-bearing crown and multiple-unit applications, Recent studies showed that the addition of ceramic whiskers significantly reinforced resin composites. The aim of the present study was to use a silicon carbide whisker-silica particle mixture to reinforce resin composites, and to investigate the effect of whisker-silica mixture heat-treatment on composite properties. The whiskers were blended with silica particles and were thermally fused in an attempt to roughen the whiskers for improved retention in the matrix. The mixtures were heat-treated at temperatures of 500, 650, 800, 950, and 1100 degreesC for 10 min. 30 min, and 3 h. The mixtures were then silanized, incorporated into a dental resin, and the paste was placed into 2 x 2 x 25 mm molds and heat-cured at 140 degreesC for 30 min. A 3-point flexural test was used to measure flexural strength and work-of-fracture. Two commercial indirect composites were tested as controls. Two-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant effect from temperature or time. Therefore, all the whisker-silica mixture samples were combined into one group (n = 96), and compared to composites filled with silica only; or whisker only, and the two indirect control composites. The whisker-silica mixture group had a flexural strength (mean +/- SD) of(186 +/- 24) MPa, significantly higher than (99 +/- 29) MPa for silica only, (131 +/- 22) MPa for whisker only, and (109 +/- 23) MPa and (114 +/- 18) MPa for the two indirect composites (Tukey's multiple comparison test; family confidence coefficient = 0.95). Similar results were obtained on work-of-fracture. Scanning electron microscopy revealed rough fracture surfaces for the whisker-silica a composites, indicating crack deflection and bridging by whiskers as toughening mechanisms, VVhisker-silica mixture minimized whisker entanglement and enhanced whisker-resin bonding, resulting in substantially stronger and tougher dental resin composites. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons. Inc. J Biomed Res Mater Res(Appl Biomater) 58: 81-87. 2001. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenharger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenharger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8546,Bldg 224,Room A-153, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R29 DE12476] NR 38 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 58 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1002/1097-4636(2001)58:1<81::AID-JBM120>3.0.CO;2-T PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 398JQ UT WOS:000166753700012 PM 11153002 ER PT J AU Marcy, TP Reid, JP Qian, CXW Leone, SR AF Marcy, TP Reid, JP Qian, CXW Leone, SR TI Addition-insertion-elimination reactions of O(P-3) with halogenated iodoalkanes producing HF(v) and HCl(v) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ALKYL IODIDES; AB-INITIO; DYNAMICS; ABSTRACTION; EMISSION; ATOMS; COEFFICIENTS; H2O; HF AB The reaction of CH2ICF3 and other fluorinated or chlorinated iodoalkanes with O(P-3), generated by microwave discharge of O-2 or 193 nm photolysis of SO2, produces vibrationally excited HF(v) or HCl(v), as observed by steady state or time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) emission spectroscopy. This process occurs even in competition with possible pathways to form HOI or IO products. The proposed mechanism is an addition-insertion-elimination process. The nascent vibrational distribution of the HF(v) produced from O+CH2ICF3 is determined to be 0.58 +/-0.10, 0.29 +/-0.08, and 0.12 +/-0.03 for v=1, 2, and 3, respectively, with an upper bound of 0.04 from a few observed lines of v=4. The monotonically decreasing vibrational distribution suggests a reaction involving HF(v) elimination from an intermediate complex. There are a number of possible single or multistep kinetic pathways that could produce HF(v) under these conditions. To determine the predominant pathway that produces the observed HF(v), the dependence of the time-resolved HF(v) emission signal on reactant concentrations is measured and compared with kinetics simulations. The results suggest a single step mechanism involving initial O(P-3) attack on the iodine of the CH2ICF3, in a manner similar to the start of the reaction of O(P-3) with C2H5I that produces HOI. This is followed by insertion of the oxygen atom into the carbon-iodine bond of the CH2ICF3, producing an activated complex with sufficient energy to eliminate HF(v). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Marcy, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Reid, Jonathan/D-9411-2013 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2251 EP 2258 DI 10.1063/1.1337800 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 397CQ UT WOS:000166676100038 ER PT J AU Slater, AG Schlosser, CA Desborough, CE Pitman, AJ Henderson-Sellers, A Robock, A Vinnikov, KY Mitchell, K Boone, A Braden, H Chen, F Cox, PM de Rosnay, P Dickinson, RE Dai, YJ Duan, Q Entin, J Etchevers, P Gedney, N Gusev, YM Habets, F Kim, J Koren, V Kowalczyk, EA Nasonova, ON Noilhan, J Schaake, S Shmakin, AB Smirnova, TG Verseghy, D Wetzel, P Yue, X Yang, ZL Zeng, Q AF Slater, AG Schlosser, CA Desborough, CE Pitman, AJ Henderson-Sellers, A Robock, A Vinnikov, KY Mitchell, K Boone, A Braden, H Chen, F Cox, PM de Rosnay, P Dickinson, RE Dai, YJ Duan, Q Entin, J Etchevers, P Gedney, N Gusev, YM Habets, F Kim, J Koren, V Kowalczyk, EA Nasonova, ON Noilhan, J Schaake, S Shmakin, AB Smirnova, TG Verseghy, D Wetzel, P Yue, X Yang, ZL Zeng, Q TI The representation of snow in land surface schemes: Results from PILPS 2(d) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE CLIMATE; MIDLATITUDE SOIL-MOISTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; GLOBAL CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; LOCAL ADVECTION; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; SENSIBLE HEAT AB Twenty-one land surface schemes (LSSs) performed simulations forced by 18 yr of observed meteorological data from a grassland catchment at Valdai. Russia, as part of the Project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) Phase 2(d). In this paper the authors examine the simulation of snow. In comparison with observations, the models are able to capture the broad features of the snow regime on both an intra- and interannual basis. However, weaknesses in the simulations exist, and early season ablation events are a significant source of model scatter. Over the 18-yr simulation, systematic differences between the models' snow simulations are evident and reveal specific aspects of snow model parameterization and design as being responsible. Vapor exchange at the snow surface varies widely among the models, ranging from a large net loss to a small net source for the snow season. Snow albedo, fractional snow cover, and their interplay have a large effect on energy available for ablation, with differences among models most evident at low snow depths. The incorporation of the snowpack within an LSS structure affects the method by which snow accesses, as well as utilizes, available energy for ablation. The sensitivity of some models to longwave radiation, the dominant winter radiative flux, is partly due to a stability-induced feedback and the differing abilities of models to exchange turbulent energy with the atmosphere. Results presented in this paper suggest where weaknesses in macroscale snow modeling lie and where both theoretical and observational work should he focused to address these weaknesses. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Meteo France, CNRM, Toulouse, France. German Meteorol Serv, Braunschweig, Germany. Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell, Berks, England. CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. NOAA, Off Hydrol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Water Problems, Moscow, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CSIRO, Div Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow, Russia. Meteorol Serv Canada, Climat Res Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Dynam & Precipitat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Slater, AG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM aslater@cires.colorado.edu RI Cox, Peter/B-3299-2012; Dai, Yongjiu/D-6261-2014; Slater, Andrew/B-4666-2008; Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Pitman, Andrew/A-7353-2011; Henderson-Sellers, Ann/H-5323-2011; gusev, yugeniy/G-4711-2014; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; de Rosnay, Patricia/M-8203-2013; Nasonova, Olga/B-6093-2014; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011 OI Dai, Yongjiu/0000-0002-3588-6644; SLATER, ANDREW/0000-0002-4009-4844; Slater, Andrew/0000-0003-0480-8560; Habets, Florence/0000-0003-1950-0921; Pitman, Andrew/0000-0003-0604-3274; gusev, yugeniy/0000-0003-3886-2143; de Rosnay, Patricia/0000-0002-7374-3820; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512 NR 108 TC 174 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 7 EP 25 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0007:TROSIL>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 407BD UT WOS:000167250800003 ER PT J AU Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Morrissey, MM Bolvin, DT Curtis, S Joyce, R McGavock, B Susskind, J AF Huffman, GJ Adler, RF Morrissey, MM Bolvin, DT Curtis, S Joyce, R McGavock, B Susskind, J TI Global precipitation at one-degree daily resolution from multisatellite observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RAINFALL; PROJECT; DATASET; ERROR; INDEX AB The One-Degree Daily (1DD) technique is described Tor producing globally complete daily estimates of precipitation on a 1 degrees x 1 degrees lat/long grid from currently available observational data. Where possible (40 degrees N40 degreesS), the Threshold-Matched Precipitation Index (TMPI) provides precipitation estimates in which the 3-hourly infrared brightness temperatures (IR T-b) are compared with a threshold and all "cold" pixels are given a single precipitation rate. This approach is an adaptation of the Geoatationary Operational Environmental Satellite Precipitation Index, but for the TMPI the IR T-b threshold and conditional min rate are set locally by month from Special Sensor Microwave Imager-based precipitation frequency and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) satellite-gauge (SG) combined monthly precipitation estimate, respectively. At higher latitudes the 1DD features a rescaled daily Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) precipitation. The frequency of rain days in the TOVS is scaled down to match that in the TMPI at the data boundaries, and the resulting nonzero TOVS values are scaled locally to sum to the SC; (which is a globally complete monthly product). The GPCP has approved the IDD as an official product, and data have been produced for 1997 through 1999, with production continuing a few months behind real time (to allow access to monthly input data). The time series of the daily IDD global images shows good continuity in time and across the data boundaries. Various examples are shown to illustrate uses. Validation for individual gridbox values shows a very high mean absolute error, but it improves quickly when users perform time/space averaging according to their own requirements. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Environm Verificat & Anal Ctr, Norman, OK USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Res & Data Syst Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Huffman, GJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Curtis, Scott/C-1115-2013; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; OI Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Curtis, Scott/0000-0001-9065-8639 NR 19 TC 853 Z9 894 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 BP 36 EP 50 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0036:GPAODD>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 407BD UT WOS:000167250800005 ER PT J AU Omair, M Naylor, B Jude, DJ Quddus, J Beals, TF Vanderploeg, HA AF Omair, M Naylor, B Jude, DJ Quddus, J Beals, TF Vanderploeg, HA TI Histology of herniations through the body wall and cuticle of zooplankton from the Laurentian Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; zooplankton; surface protrusions; herniation ID MICHIGAN; APPEARANCE AB Zooplankton of the Laurentian Great Lakes developed hernial protrusions whose gross appearance matches those on zooplankton described elsewhere in the world. We have carried out a histologic and cytologic analysis of the protrusions and found that they are composed of apparently degenerating or necrotic tissue(s) that has been expressed from the organism through the process of herniation. At their base the protrusions are continuous with viable tissue(s) within the organism through a fissure in the exoskeleton. Our observations lead us to suspect that these hernial protrusions are lethal. The development of such protrusions in zooplankton may be a worldwide phenomenon, but the cause of the herniation remains a mystery. . (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Great Lakes & Aquat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Omair, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Great Lakes & Aquat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Mensinger, Allen/B-7349-2013; OI Vanderploeg, Henry/0000-0003-1358-8475 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 77 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1006/jipa.2001.5014 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 420UD UT WOS:000168022900004 PM 11273690 ER PT J AU Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Takagi, S Chow, LC TI Formation of macropores in calcium phosphate cement implants SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BETA-TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; BONE; RECONSTRUCTION; SUBSTITUTE AB A calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was shown to harden at ambient temperatures and form hydroxyapatite as the only end-product. Animal study results showed that CPC resorbed slowly and was replaced by new bone. For some clinical applications, it would be desirable to have macropores built into the CPC implant to obtain a more rapid resorption and concomitant osseointegration of the implant. The present study investigated the feasibility of a new method for producing macropores in CPC. Sucrose granules, NaHCO3, and Na2HPO4 were sieved to obtain particle sizes in the range of 125 mum to 250 mum. The following mixtures of CPC powder (an equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate, Ca-4(PO4)(2)O, and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, CaHPO4) and one of the above additive granules were prepared: control-no additive; mixture A-0.25 mass fraction of sucrose; mixture B-0.25 mass fraction of NaHCO3; mixture C-0.25 mass fraction of Na2HPO4, and mixture D-0.33 mass fraction of Na2HPO4. Cement samples were prepared by mixing 0.3 g of the above mixtures with 0.075 ml of the cement liquid (1mol/l Na2HPO4). After hardening, the specimens were placed in water for 20 h at about 60 degreesC to completely dissolve the additive crystals. Well-formed macropores in the shapes of the entrapped crystals were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The macroporosities (mean +/- standard deviation; n = 6) expressed as volume fraction in % were 0, 18.9 +/- 1.7, 26.9 +/- 1.6, 38.3 +/- 4.4 and 50.3 +/- 2.7 for the control, A, B, C and D, respectively. The diametral tensile strengths (mean +/- standard deviation; n = 3) expressed in MPa were 10.1 +/- 0.7, 3.7 +/- 0.3, 2.4 +/- 0.2, 1.5 +/- 0.5 and 0.4 +/- 0.1, respectively, for the five groups. The results showed that macropores can readily be formed in CPC implants with the use of water-soluble crystals. The mechanical strength of CPC decreased with increasing macroporosity. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takagi, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shozo.takagi@nist.gov NR 25 TC 147 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 EI 1573-4838 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 12 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1008917910468 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 397JB UT WOS:000166691600005 PM 15348319 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Podnos, SV Kleiner, I Margules, L Wlodarczak, G Demaison, J Cosleou, J Mate, B Karyakin, EN Golubiatnikov, GY Fraser, GT Suenram, RD Hougen, JT AF Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Podnos, SV Kleiner, I Margules, L Wlodarczak, G Demaison, J Cosleou, J Mate, B Karyakin, EN Golubiatnikov, GY Fraser, GT Suenram, RD Hougen, JT TI The ground and first excited torsional states of acetic acid SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID MILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; PULSED-MOLECULAR-BEAM; INTERNAL-ROTATION; MICROWAVE-SPECTRA; GLOBAL FIT; ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST; METHANOL; ACETALDEHYDE; TRANSITIONS; SPECTROMETER AB A global fit of microwave and millimeter-wave rotational transitions in the ground and first excited torsional states (nu (t) = 0 and 1) of acetic acid (CH3COOH) is reported, which combines older measurements from the literature with new measurements from Kharkov, Lille, and NIST, The fit uses a model developed initially For acetaldehyde and methanol-type internal rotor molecules. It requires 34 parameters to achieve a unitless weighted standard deviation of 0.84 for a total of 2518 data and includes A and E-species transitions with J less than or equal to 30 and K-a less than or equal to 15. While these results represent a significant improvement over past fitting attempts, it should be cautioned that the present data set is dominated by nu (t) = 0 transitions, and no direct infrared measure of the nu (t) = 1 <-- 0 torsional interval is available. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-310002 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, UPR 3361, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Lille 1, CNRS, UMR 8523, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Krasnoznamennaya 4, UA-310002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RI Mate, Belen/F-1135-2016; OI Mate, Belen/0000-0002-5478-8644; Demaison, Jean/0000-0002-0228-6626 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 205 IS 2 BP 286 EP 303 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8270 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 404XX UT WOS:000167128600012 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Vale, LR Ono, RH Claassen, JH AF Booth, JC Vale, LR Ono, RH Claassen, JH TI Power-dependent impedance of high temperature superconductor thin films: Relation to harmonic generation SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Superconductors in High Frequency Fields CY MAY 24-27, 2000 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys Sci, Omnitel Pronto Italia DE high-temperature superconductor; microwave device; nonlinear response; surface impedance ID NONLINEAR SURFACE IMPEDANCE; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; MICROSTRIP RESONATOR; YBCO; FILTERS AB We present measurements of the power-dependent microwave surface impedance of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films, performed using patterned coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators at 5.87 GHz and 76 K. We compare these resonator measurements with third-harmonic generation measurements performed on CPW transmission lines of the same geometry patterned onto the same thin-film sample at the same frequency and temperature. We find that the power-dependent surface reactance X-s(P-rf) is directly related to the magnitude of the generated third-harmonic signal, indicating a common origin fur both of these manifestations of nonlinearity in high temperature superconductor (HTS) devices. These results are consistent with the nonlinear response generated by a current-dependent penetration depth lambda (J), which provides a material limitation on the linearity that can be achieved in any practical HTS microwave device. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1023/A:1007884206288 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 448BD UT WOS:000169606200010 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Hussey, CL Stafford, GR AF Zhu, Q Hussey, CL Stafford, GR TI Electrodeposition of silver aluminum alloys from a room-temperature chloroaluminate molten salt SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METALLIC-GLASS; IONIC LIQUIDS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CORROSION; COBALT; MELT AB The electrodeposition of silver-aluminum alloys was investigated at platinum and tungsten electrodes in the Lewis acidic aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-EtMeImCl) molten salt containing electrogenerated silver(I) at 25 degreesC. Sampled-current voltammetry indicated that it is possible to electrodeposit Ag-Al alloys at potentials positive of that where the bulk deposition of aluminum is normally observed (similar to0 V). The aluminum content of these alloys varied with the applied potential and displayed an inverse dependence on the silver(I) concentration, indicating that the alloy formation process was kinetically limited. Experiments conducted in melts with different compositions revealed that at a fixed potential and silver(I) concentration, the atomic fraction of aluminum in the alloy is virtually independent of the melt composition. At high concentrations, silver(I) adsorbs on platinum and tungsten, but this process is inhibited by the addition of benzene. The adsorption process does not appear to affect the codeposition of aluminum with silver. X-ray diffraction analysis of bulk Ag-Al alloy electrodeposits prepared in melt containing benzene as a cosolvent indicated the presence of both face-centered cubic Ag and hexagonal close-packed delta -Ag2Al. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhu, Q (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 148 IS 2 BP C88 EP C94 DI 10.1149/1.1339863 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 404ME UT WOS:000167103100017 ER PT J AU Sarkisyan, D Paul, BD Cundiff, ST Gibson, EA Gallagher, A AF Sarkisyan, D Paul, BD Cundiff, ST Gibson, EA Gallagher, A TI Conical emission by 2-ps excitation of potassium vapor SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM VAPOR; BARIUM VAPOR; LIGHT; RADIATION; PULSES AB Conical emission, redshifted from the atomic resonance, is observed when a similar to2-ps laser beam, blueshifted from resonance, propagates through potassium vapor. In contrast, no cone is visible when a 150-fs pulse is used. The Sps-pulse-induced cone has a unique, small, angular spread Delta theta/theta approximate to 0.1, compared with Delta theta/theta approximate to 0.3 from other pulsed experiments, which used 25-ps-5-ns-excitation pulses. In addition, the fraction of the 2-ps-pulse power emitted in the cone reached 7.5%, far exceeding this fraction from the longer-pulse experiments. An additional, unexpected result is that the spectral. width of the laser pulse is narrower, without significant intensity loss, after propagation through the vapor. The vapor densities and laser detunings that yield cones in the present experiment are similar to those from the longer-pulse experiments. Although the 2-ps-pulse spectrum partially overlaps the resonance, the cone spectrum and cone angles versus density and laser detuning are similar to those previously reported for nanosecond pulses. The fourth (blue-detuned) wave required for satisfying four-wave mixing is absent, again equivalent to what is observed in the nanosecond experiments. The physical origin of cone emission by pulsed excitation of atomic vapors is still largely unknown, and this high efficiency and narrow angular spread of a spectrally broad cone further contradicts existing models, perhaps ultimately providing a clue to a correct explanation. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 320.5390, 190.2620, 190.4410, 190.5890. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sarkisyan, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000218 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 399WZ UT WOS:000166838400011 ER PT J AU Berntson, EA Bayer, FM McArthur, AG France, SC AF Berntson, EA Bayer, FM McArthur, AG France, SC TI Phylogenetic relationships within the Octocorallia (Cnidaria : Anthozoa) based on nuclear 18S rRNA sequences SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA; ORDER AB We determined the nuclear 18S rRNA sequences for 41 species of octocorals and used these to address the validity of the historical ordinal divisions and the current subordinal divisions within the subclass Octocorallia. We also explored the phylogenetic affinities of the species Dendrobrachia paucispina, which was originally classified in the order Antipatharia (subclass Ceriantipatharia) although polyp structure indicates it belongs in the subclass Octocorallia. Trees constructed using maximum likelihood techniques are incongruent with the current and historical taxonomy of the Octocorallia. There appeared to be three major clades of octocorals. The first clade included most, but not all, pennatulaceans as a monophyletic group. The second clade contained 21 species, representing all major octocoral groups other than pennatulaceans. The third clade contained members from three suborders of the Alcyonacea and one member of the Pennatulacea. These data could not be used to distinguish the branching order of the three major clades. The species D. paucispina had a close affinity with the genera Corallium and Paragorgia (Alcyonacea: Scleraxonia), although its morphology suggests it is more similar to the genus Chrysogorgia (Alcyonacea: Calcaxonia). The morphological character of dimorphism (the presence of both autozooids and siphonozooids within a single colony) corresponded loosely with the topology of the most likely trees, and a single origin of dimorphism could not be rejected. Despite sampling from the majority of families within the Octocorallia, many of the relationships within this group remain ambiguous. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Berntson, EA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 40 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 138 IS 2 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s002270000457 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 406BB UT WOS:000167194100002 ER PT J AU Diebold, AC Canterbury, J Chism, W Richter, C Nguyen, N Ehrstein, J Weintraub, C AF Diebold, AC Canterbury, J Chism, W Richter, C Nguyen, N Ehrstein, J Weintraub, C TI Characterization and production metrology of gate dielectric films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE metrology; dielectric; dispersion; high k; oxynitride; Tauc-Lorentz ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY AB We report efforts to develop optical dispersion models for new high k materials and silicon oxynitrides. We find the Tauc-Lorentz model provides superior fits to Ta2O5 and ZrO2 dielectric films in the spectral range 1.5-6.0 eV. However, for typical oxynitrides which do not absorb below similar to6.0 eV, we find the Tauc-Lorentz model confers no advantage over models which do not account for absorption. For the oxynitrides, we also find a monotonic relationship between film refractive index and nitrogen concentration, potentially useful for gate dielectric process control. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int SEMATECH Inc, Austin, TX 78741 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Diebold, AC (reprint author), Int SEMATECH Inc, Austin, TX 78741 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-8001 J9 MAT SCI SEMICON PROC JI Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process PD FEB-JUN PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S1369-8001(00)00153-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 415NG UT WOS:000167727200002 ER PT J AU Ogi, H Ledbetter, H Takashima, K Shimoike, G Hirao, M AF Ogi, H Ledbetter, H Takashima, K Shimoike, G Hirao, M TI Elastic properties of a crossply SiCf/Ti composite at elevated temperatures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC-RESONANCE; ULTRASONIC-ATTENUATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTANTS; ALUMINUM AB Using electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR), we measured the complete set of elastic constants and internal friction of a silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced Ti-6Al-4V-matrix cross-ply composite between room temperature and 1000 K. This material exhibits tetragonal symmetry and possesses six independent C-ij. By changing the magnetic-field direction, we selected two vibration groups among the eight vibration groups of a rectangular parallelepiped. The elastic constants showed anomalous temperature dependence around 650 K and internal friction Q(-1) increased rapidly above that temperature; neither the C-ij nor Q(-1) returned to the before-heating values. We attributed this to disbonding between the matrix alloy and SiC, and between SiC and the carbon core within the fiber caused by oxidation of carbon, which is supported by the microstructure observation. We present the temperature derivatives of the composite C-ij and estimate those of the fiber C-ij by comparing the matrix-C-ij derivatives. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Precis & Intelligence Lab, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Ogi, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0274-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 398VK UT WOS:000166777000024 ER PT J AU Schuster, CE Vangel, MG Schafft, HA AF Schuster, CE Vangel, MG Schafft, HA TI Improved estimation of the resistivity of pure copper and electrical determination of thin copper film dimensions SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article AB Improved values for the resistivity, rho, of pure, bulk copper from 50 to 1200 K, and their confidence intervals, are developed by extending the analysis of Matula. A recommended value for d rho /dT and its confidence interval in the temperature range of 290-425 K is developed for use with Matthiessen's rule to calculate the electrical thickness of thin copper films and the cross-sectional area of copper lines from resistance measurements at two temperatures. Error analyses are used to estimate the uncertainty with which the electrical thickness and cross-sectional area can be determined. Values for the temperature coefficient of resistance of pure, bulk copper are also provided. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schafft, HA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 41 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0026-2714(00)00227-4 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 400UB UT WOS:000166889100010 ER PT J AU Garza, JC Williamson, EG AF Garza, JC Williamson, EG TI Detection of reduction in population size using data from microsatellite loci SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottleneck; coalescent; conservation; microsatellites; mutation model; population reduction ID ALLELE FREQUENCY; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC-VARIATION; TEMPORAL CHANGES; EXPANSION; MUTATION; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINTS AB We demonstrate that the mean ratio of the number of alleles to the range in allele size, which we term M, calculated from a population sample of microsatellite loci, can be used to detect reductions in population size. Using simulations, we show that, for a general class of mutation models, the value of M decreases when a population is reduced in size. The magnitude of the decrease is positively correlated with the severity and duration of the reduction in size. We also find that the rate of recovery of M following a reduction in size is positively correlated with post-reduction population size, but that recovery occurs in both small and large populations. This indicates that M can distinguish between populations that have been recently reduced in size and those which have been small for a long time. We employ M to develop a statistical test for recent reductions in population size that can detect such changes for more than 100 generations with the post-reduction demographic scenarios we examine. We also compute M for a variety of populations and species using microsatellite data collected from the literature. We find that the value of M consistently predicts the reported demographic history for these populations. This method, and others like it, promises to be an important tool for the conservation and management of populations that are in need of intervention or recovery. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Montpellier, Lab Genome Populat & Interact, CNRS, UMR 5000, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40282] NR 49 TC 828 Z9 844 U1 9 U2 168 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 10 IS 2 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01190.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 416KJ UT WOS:000167779400004 PM 11298947 ER PT J AU Shepherd, JM Ferrier, BS Ray, PS AF Shepherd, JM Ferrier, BS Ray, PS TI Rainfall morphology in Florida convergence zones: A numerical study SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC ENTRAINMENT PROCESSES; SIMULATED CUMULUS ENSEMBLE; SOUTH FLORIDA; DEEP CONVECTION; THUNDERSTORM INITIATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SQUALL-LINE; SEA BREEZES; GUST FRONT; LIFE-CYCLE AB Central Florida is the ideal test laboratory for studying convergence zone-induced convection. The region regularly experiences sea-breeze fronts and rainfall-induced outflow boundaries. The focus of this study is convection associated with the commonly occurring convergence zone established by the interaction of the sea-breeze front and an outflow boundary. Previous studies have investigated mechanisms primarily affecting storm initiation by such convergence zones. Pew have focused on rainfall morphology. yet these storms contribute a significant amount of precipitation to the annual rainfall budget. Low-level convergence and midtropospheric moisture have been shown to be correlated with rainfall amounts in Florida. Using 2D and 3D numerical simulations, the roles of low-level convergence and midtropospheric moisture in rainfall evolution are examined. The results indicate that area- and time-averaged, vertical moisture flux (VMF) at the sea-breeze front-outflow convergence zone is directly and linearly proportional to initial condensation rates. A similar relationship exists between VMF and initial rainfall. The VME which encompasses depth and magnitude of convergence. is better correlated to initial rainfall production than surface moisture convergence. This extends early observational studies that linked rainfall in Florida to surface moisture convergence. The amount and distribution of midtropospheric moisture affects how much rainfall associated with secondary cells develop. Rainfall amount and efficiency varied significantly over an observable range of relative humidities in the 850-500-mb layer even though rainfall evolution was similar during the initial or "first cell" period. Rainfall variability was attributed to drier midtropospheric environments inhibiting secondary cell development through entrainment effects. Observationally. a 850-500-mb moisture structure exhibits wider variability than lower-level moisture, which is virtually always present in Florida. A likely consequence of the variability in 850-500-mb moisture is a stronger statistical correlation to rainfall as noted in previous observational studies. The VMF at convergence zones is critical in determining rainfall in the initial stage of development but plays a decreasing role in rainfall evolution as the system matures. The midtropospheric moisture (e.g., environment) plays an increasing role in rainfall evolution as the system matures. This suggests the need to improve measurements of depth and magnitude of convergence and midtropospheric moisture distribution. It also highlights that the influence of the environment needs to be better represented in convertive parameterizations of larger-scale models to account for entrainment effects. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Shepherd, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 129 IS 2 BP 177 EP 197 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0177:RMIFCZ>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 403RV UT WOS:000167057000001 ER PT J AU Davies-Jones, R AF Davies-Jones, R TI Computation of a solenoid as a ratio of areas and a geometric interpretation of the Arakawa Jacobian SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB A formula for the computation of a solenoidal term, for example, k . (del psi x del Theta) or partial derivative(psi,Theta)/partial derivative (x,y) in Jacobian Form. from three or more noncollinear stations or grid points is presented. The formula is based on a geometric interpretation of the solenoid as the ratio of an elementary area (expressed as a line integral) in psi-Theta dependent-variable or phase space to the corresponding area in the x-y plane. The Arakawa finite-difference Jacobian on a rectangular grid in physical space is shown to be a linear combination of such ratios. Thus the Arakawa method is a line-integral method. The new interpretation readily provides the forms of the Jacobian at boundary points needed to maintain the integral constraints in a dosed domain. Elementary properties of Jacobians ensure that the Arakawa Jacobian can be used on a regular mesh in any general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. thus permitting the use of "stretched" grids that have a lesser density of grid points away from boundaries and also away from the axis if the Row is axisymmetric. The proper forms of the advective term on the axis of an axisymmetric flow and at a pole also are deduced using the line-integral approach. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM bobdj@nssl.noaa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 129 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0345:COASAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 403RV UT WOS:000167057000010 ER PT J AU Nitschke, P Mather, M Juanes, F AF Nitschke, P Mather, M Juanes, F TI A comparison of length-, weight-, and age-specific fecundity relationships for cunner in Cape Cod Bay SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE REEF FISH; TAUTOGOLABRUS-ADSPERSUS WALBAUM; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FIELD AB Understanding reproduction and recruitment is essential for the successful conservation of a species. An estimate of the fecundity of cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus is critical for assessing population dynamics and perturbation effects. In this study, we estimated length-, weight-, and actual age-specific fecundity relationships for cunner in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. We used the gonadosomatic index to assist with selection of mature, prespawning-size fish for estimating fecundity. We then gravimetrically estimated fecundity for 205 fish 69-185 mm in total length that were collected in May and June 1994. Quadratic models on log(10)-transformed length and weight data each explained 71% of the variance in fecundity, and age data explained 57% of the variance. In a test of age-specific fecundity precision, three age-specific models (actual age, age back-calculated from the von Bertalanffy equation, and a calculated age estimate that was expanded to include additional data) produced consistent fecundity estimates, Finally, a comparison of length-, weight-, and age-specific fecundity relationships showed few differences among the models, suggesting that the more easily obtained length-specific fecundity relationship (log(10)F = 24.954log(10)L - 5.348log(10)L(2) - 24.421; R-2 = 0.71) is appropriate for future cunncr modeling studies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wild, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Nitschke, P (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0086:ACOLWA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000009 ER PT J AU Muir, WD Smith, SG Williams, JG Sandford, BP AF Muir, WD Smith, SG Williams, JG Sandford, BP TI Survival of juvenile salmonids passing through bypass systems, turbines, and spillways with and without flow deflectors at Snake River dams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; STRESS AB Using yearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss tagged with passive integrated transponders (PITs), we estimated passage survival through bypass systems, turbines, and spill bays with and without flow deflectors at Snake River dams relative to survival of fish released into the tailrace below the dam. Actively migrating fish were collected and marked with PIT tags at Snake River dam smolt collection facilities. Groups of tagged fish were then released through hoses into different passage routes; releases were coincident with a tailrace release approximately 1-2 km below the dam. Relative survival was estimated by the use of tag-recapture models for paired releases from detections of individual PIT-tagged fish at juvenile collection or detection facilities at downstream dams. Detection sites included Little Goose, Lower Monumental, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville dams, depending on the release location and year. Standard errors of relative survival probability estimates were generally less than 3.0% through all potential passage routes. The estimated relative survival was highest through spill bays without flow deflectors (98.4-100%), followed by spill bays with flow deflectors (92.7-100%), bypass systems (95.3-99.4%), and turbines (86.5-93.4%). These estimates of relative survival, which include both the direct and indirect effects of passage, are generally higher than past estimates but similar to other recent estimates determined with modern techniques under present dam configurations and operating conditions. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Muir, WD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0135:SOJSPT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000014 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Tezak, EP Schroder, SL AF Berejikian, BA Tezak, EP Schroder, SL TI Reproductive behavior and breeding success of captively reared chinook salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; MALE-DOMINANCE; COMPETITION; WILD; COHO; NERKA; SELECTION; HATCHERY AB Release of captively reared adults is one of several strategies currently being used to maintain imperiled populations of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Pacific Northwest. This study evaluated the breeding behavior and success of captively reared chinook salmon released at maturity into a controlled-flow stream channel. Female egg deposition was 49.5%, which is much lower than that reported for wild populations, but egg-to-fry survival was 62.5%. Females abandoned 409,, of the nests they constructed, and males were often absent during the female's nest construction, The underlying causes of these presumed behavioral deficiencies might have limited the breeding success of the population. The efficacy of adult release strategies should be assessed within the context of other potential release options, keeping in mind the objectives of the individual program. Under current culture practices, the reproductive success of captively reared chinook salmon that are released as adults may be less than that of wild salmon. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0255:RBABSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 529FH UT WOS:000174289000028 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P Rodriguez, H AF Dizdaroglu, M Jaruga, P Rodriguez, H TI Measurement of 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine in DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: comparison with measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BASE DAMAGE; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; CHEMICAL DETERMINATION; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; 8-OXOGUANINE; 8-OXO-DEOXYGUANOSINE; 8-HYDROXYGUANINE; HYDROLYSIS; CHROMATIN AB Measurement of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dGuo) in DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was studied. A methodology was developed for separation by LC of 8-OH-dGuo from intact and modified nucleosides in DNA hydrolyzed by a combination of four enzymes: DNase I, phosphodiesterases I and II and alkaline phosphatase. The atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray process was used for mass spectral measurements. A stable isotope-labeled analog of 8-OH-dGuo was used as an internal standard for quantification by isotope-dilution MS (IDMS). Results showed that LC/IDMS with selected ion-monitoring (SIM) is well suited for identification and quantification of 8-OH-dGuo in DNA at background levels and in damaged DNA. The sensitivity level of LC/IDMS-SIM was found to be comparable to that reported previously using LC-tandem MS (LC/MS/MS). It was found that approximately five lesions per 10(6) DNA bases can be detected using amounts of DNA as low as 2 mu g. The results also suggest that this lesion may be quantified in DNA at levels of one lesion per 10(6) DNA bases, or even lower, when more DNA is used. Up to 50 mu g of DNA per injection were used without adversely affecting the measurements. Gas chromatography/isotope-dilution MS with selected-ion monitoring (GC/IDMS-SIM) was also used to measure this compound in DNA following its removal from DNA by acidic hydrolysis or by hydrolysis with Escherichia coli Fpg protein. The background levels obtained by LC/IDMS-SIM and GC/IDMS-SIM were almost identical. Calf thymus DNA and DNA isolated from cultured HeLa cells were used for this purpose. This indicates that these two techniques can provide similar results in terms of the measurement of 8-OH-dGuo in DNA. In addition, DNA in buffered aqueous solution was damaged by ionizing radiation at different radiation doses and analyzed by LC/IDMS-SIM and GC/IDMS-SIM. Again, similar results were obtained by the two techniques. The sensitivity of GC/MS-SIM for 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine was also examined and found to be much greater than that of LC/MS-SIM and the reported sensitivity of LC/MS/MS for 8-OH-dGuo. Taken together, the results unequivocally show that LC/IDMS-SIM is well suited for sensitive and accurate measurement of 8-OH-dGuo in DNA and that both LC/IDMS-SIM and GC/IDMS-SIM can provide similar results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ludwik Rydygier Med Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, PL-85092 Bydgoszcz, Poland. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 38 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 29 IS 3 AR e12 DI 10.1093/nar/29.3.e12 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 398ZL UT WOS:000166786300037 PM 11160914 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Lenhart, JL Kueh, SR van Zanten, JH Advani, SG Parnas, RS AF Dunkers, JP Lenhart, JL Kueh, SR van Zanten, JH Advani, SG Parnas, RS TI Fiber optic flow and cure sensing for liquid composite molding SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sensor; flow; long-period gratings; cure; fluorescence; fiber optic; liquid composite molding ID SENSORS AB The Polymer Composites group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has efforts in both on-line flow and cure sensing for liquid composite molding. For our flow program, a novel fiber optic real-time sensor system has been developed that can sense resin at various locations on a single fiber using long-period gratings and a polychromatic source. The sensor operation and characterization will be discussed along with sensor performance during mold filling with various types of reinforcement. The cure sensing program focuses on the interface-sensitive fluorescence response of a dye molecule grafted to a high-index glass fiber. The fluorescence emission of the fluorophore undergoes a blue shift as the resin cures. The fluorescence sensor is made by grafting a silane functional fluorophore onto the surface of the glass with close attention to layer thickness. Fluorescence emission of the grafted fluorophore film is shown to be sensitive to epoxy resin cure, co-silane, and layer thickness. The response of the grafted fluorophore to cure on a high-index fiber is demonstrated. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dunkers, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 35 IS 2 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(00)00110-X PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 420QP UT WOS:000168015900003 ER PT J AU Keeling, RF Stephens, BB AF Keeling, RF Stephens, BB TI Antarctic sea ice and the control of Pleistocene climate instability SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERMEDIATE WATER; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; GREENLAND ICE; DRAKE PASSAGE; INDIAN-OCEAN AB A hypothesis is presented for the origin of Pleistocene climate instability, based on expansion of Antarctic sea ice and associated changes in the oceans' salinity structure. The hypothesis assumes that thermohaline overturning is dominated by the reconfigured conveyor of Toggweiler and Samuels [1993b], in which deepwater upwelling is restricted to high southern latitudes. The reconfigured conveyor is shown to be potentially stabilized in an "on" mode by precipitation at high southern latitudes and potentially destabilized into "on" and "off" modes by the counteracting influence of Antarctic sea ice. The mechanism is clarified by the use of a hydraulic analogue. We hypothesize that this mechanism accounts for dominant patterns of thermohaline overturning and climate instability between Pleistocene warm and cold periods. The hypothesis is shown to be consistent with a range of paleoceanographic evidence and to potentially account for details of observed rapid climate changes during glacial and interglacial periods, including aspects of interhemispheric timing. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Keeling, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 NR 91 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 112 EP 131 DI 10.1029/2000PA000529 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 400KC UT WOS:000166869900010 ER PT J AU Rahmani, A Chaumet, PC de Fornel, F AF Rahmani, A Chaumet, PC de Fornel, F TI Environment-induced modification of spontaneous emission: Single-molecule near-field probe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; PARTIALLY REFLECTING SURFACE; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RADIATION-PATTERNS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; LUMINESCENT CENTERS; FINITE GEOMETRIES AB The modification of lifetime experienced by a fluorescent molecule placed in an arbitrary environment is investigated theoretically within the framework of linear response theory. We present a complete description of the interaction of the particle with arbitrary structures on a plane substrate or inside a cavity. The theory is based on a self-consistent scattering procedure in which retardation effects and contributions from both homogeneous and evanescent modes of the electromagnetic field are included. The decay rate variations are computed and the concept of single-molecule near-field probe is discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Fac Sci Mirande, Grp Opt Champ Proche, LPUB, CNRS,UMR 5027, F-21078 Dijon, France. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Rahmani, Adel/G-6406-2011; patrick, Chaumet/B-6918-2013 NR 70 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2001 VL 63 IS 2 AR 023819 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.023819 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 400JF UT WOS:000166867900117 ER PT J AU Granado, E Garcia, A Sanjurjo, JA Rettori, C Torriani, I AF Granado, E Garcia, A Sanjurjo, JA Rettori, C Torriani, I TI Effects of phase separation on the magnetization, x-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering of (La1-yNdy)(1-x)CaxMnO3 (y=0,0.5,1.0; x=1/3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDES; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; MANGANITES; CHARGE; LA1/3ND1/3CA1/3MNO3; ORTHOMANGANITES; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; DISTORTIONS AB Dc-magnetization, x-ray diffraction, and Raman-scattering studies in polycrystalline (La1-yNdy)(t-x)CaxMnO3 (y = 0.0,0.5,1.0, and x = 1/3) samples are presented. The samples with y = 0.5 and 1.0 show complex magnetic states at low temperatures, with a ferromagnetic coupling strength that weal;ens with increasing y. X-ray measurements show a single crystallographic phase at all temperatures for y = 0.5, with lattice parameter anomalies at temperatures related to electronic and magnetic transitions. The presence of high-frequency vibrational modes in Raman-scattering measurements indicates the existence of charge- and orbital-ordered domains for y=0.5 and 1.0, which are closely related to the antiferromagnetic component identified by the magnetization experiments. The close relationship between results obtained by magnetic, structural, and optical probes is discussed. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Granado, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012; Torriani, Iris/E-5686-2010; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 AR 064404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.064404 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401DG UT WOS:000166911400043 ER PT J AU Jehl, X Sanquer, M AF Jehl, X Sanquer, M TI Shot-noise measurements in normal-metal-superconductor junctions and the semiclassical theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We present an analysis of shot-noise measurements in normal-metal-superconductor (NS) junctions [X. Jehl et al., Nature (London) 405, 50 (2000)], based on a recent semiclassical theory. The first calculations at zero temperature assuming quantum coherence predicted shot noise in NS contacts to be doubled with respect to normal contacts. The semiclassical approach gives the opportunity to compare data and theory quantitatively at finite voltage and temperature. The doubling of shot noise is predicted up to the superconducting gap, as already observed, confirming that phase coherence is not necessary. An excellent agreement is also found above the gap where the noise follows the normal case. C1 CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Jehl, X (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI sanquer, marc/A-7786-2010 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 5 AR 052511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.052511 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 399PB UT WOS:000166820600034 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cheong, SW Yamada, K Majkrzak, CF AF Lee, SH Cheong, SW Yamada, K Majkrzak, CF TI Charge and canted spin order in La2-xSrxNiO4 (x=0.275 and 1/3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRIPE ORDER; MAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; HOLES; LA1.6-XND0.4SRXCUO4; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LA2NIO4+DELTA; TEMPERATURE; LA2NIO4.125 AB Polarized neutron diffraction on La2-xSrxNiO4 (x=0.275 and 1/3) reveals that the spins in the ordered phases are canted in the NiO2 plane away from the charge and spin stripe direction. The deviation angle is larger for x=1/3 than for x=0.275. Furthermore, for the optimal x=1/3 stoichiometry, an enhancement of the charge contribution and a larger canting of the spins occur below 50 K, which indicates a further lock in of the doped holes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 AR 060405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.060405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401DG UT WOS:000166911400011 ER PT J AU Stiles, MD McMichael, RD AF Stiles, MD McMichael, RD TI Coercivity in exchange-bias bilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET-ANTIFERROMAGNET BILAYERS; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL PROCESS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NIFE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; UNIDIRECTIONAL ANISOTROPY; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; FORCE MICROSCOPE; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; SPIN-VALVE AB A model is presented for coercivity in polycrystalline exchange-bias bilayers. It includes two contributions for their enhanced coercivity, inhomogeneous reversal, and irreversible transitions in the antiferromagnetic grains. The model can be characterized in terms of a small number of dimensionless parameters, and its behavior has been determined through simulations of magnetic reversal for a range of values of these parameters. In these simulations, the first contribution to the coercivity arises from energy losses in the ferromagnet due to irreversible transitions over small, local energy barriers in the ferromagnetic film due to the inhomogeneous couplings to the antiferromagnet. This inhomogeneous reversal contributes to the coercivity at all temperatures. The second contribution to the coercivity arises from energy losses in the antiferromagnet due to irreversible transitions of the antiferromagnetic order in the grains. In the present model, the antiferromagnetic order only becomes unstable at nonzero temperature, so that this contribution to the coercivity only occurs at nonzero temperatures. In addition to the coercivity, the computed hysteresis loops are found to be asymmetric, and the loop shift is shown to differ from the grain-averaged unidirectional anisotropy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 50 TC 157 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 6 AR 064405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.064405 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401DG UT WOS:000166911400044 ER PT J AU Seltzer, SM Inokuti, M Paul, H Bichsel, H AF Seltzer, SM Inokuti, M Paul, H Bichsel, H TI Response to the commentary by J. F. Ziegler (Radiat. res. 152, 219-222, 1999) SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Expt Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Univ Washington, Nucl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Seltzer, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 155 IS 2 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 397RF UT WOS:000166708800015 PM 11229330 ER PT J AU Wire, MS Durand, DJ Silver, AH Wagner, MK Hamilton, CA AF Wire, MS Durand, DJ Silver, AH Wagner, MK Hamilton, CA TI A multiple pin, flip-chip system for microwave and gigabit per second cryogenic device testing at variable temperatures SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We have developed a cryogenic probe and cryostat system to test both active and passive superconducting devices and circuits up to microwave frequencies at variable temperatures. Our system consists of two basic parts: the cryostat and the matching probe. The cryostat is a unique, very efficient, variable temperature, flow-type cryostat, where we control temperature without electrical heaters. It is magnetically shielded and allows rapid testing between 4.2 K and room temperature. Probes developed for this cryostat have a larger number of shorter cables than standard dip-type probes. They are designed to test chips or chip assemblies without additional packaging. Chips or chip assemblies can be quickly mounted and dismounted from a fixed spring-contact assembly. Each probe has 56 wide-bandwidth signal cables. We have repeatedly used these probes for testing both active and passive superconducting integrated circuits up to 20 GHz. The probe and cryostat combination provides a testing capability that is simultaneously high frequency, dc magnetic shielded, has variable cryogenic temperature, and quick turnaround. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 TRW Space & Elect Grp, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wire, MS (reprint author), TRW Space & Elect Grp, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 BP 1542 EP 1547 DI 10.1063/1.1337072 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 397JA UT WOS:000166688500050 ER PT J AU Ramaswamy, V Chanin, ML Angell, J Barnett, J Gaffen, D Gelman, M Keckhut, P Koshelkov, Y Labitzke, K Lin, JJR O'Neill, A Nash, J Randel, W Rood, R Shine, K Shiotani, M Swinbank, R AF Ramaswamy, V Chanin, ML Angell, J Barnett, J Gaffen, D Gelman, M Keckhut, P Koshelkov, Y Labitzke, K Lin, JJR O'Neill, A Nash, J Randel, W Rood, R Shine, K Shiotani, M Swinbank, R TI Stratospheric temperature trends: Observations and model simulations SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE; 11-YEAR SOLAR-CYCLE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DOUBLED CO2 CLIMATE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; LONG-TERM; WATER-VAPOR AB Trends and variations in global stratospheric temperatures are an integral part of the changes occurring in the Earth's climate system. Data sets for analyzing long-term (a decade and more) changes in the stratospheric temperatures consist of radiosonde, satellite, lidar, and rocketsonde measurements; meteorological analyses based on radiosonde and/or satellite data; and products based on assimilating observations using a general circulation model. Each of these contain varying degrees of uncertainties that influence the interpretation and significance of trends, We review the long-term trends from approximately the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s period. The stratosphere: has, in general, undergone considerable cooling over the past 3 decades. At northern midlatitudes the lower stratosphere (similar to 16-21 km) cooling over the 1979-1994 period is strikingly coherent among the various data sets with regard to magnitude and statistical significance. A substantial cooling occurs in the polar lower stratosphere during winter-spring; however, there is a large dynamical variability in the northern polar region. The vertical profile of the annual-mean stratospheric temperature change in the northern midlatitudes over the 1979-1994 period is robust among the different data sets, with similar to0.75 K/decade cooling in the similar to 20- to 35-km region and increasing cooling above (e.g., similar to2.5 K/decade at 50 km). Model investigations into the cause or causes of the observed temperature trends are also reviewed, Simulations based on the known changes in species' concentrations indicate that the depiction of lower stratospheric ozone is the major radiative factor in accounting for the 1979-1990 cooling trend in the global, annual-mean lower stratosphere (similar to0.5 to 0.6 K/decade), with a substantially lesser contribution by the well-mixed greenhouse gases. Ozone loss is also an important causal factor in the latitude-month pattern of the lower stratospheric cooling trend. Uncertainties arise due to incomplete knowledge of the vertical profile of ozone loss near the tropopause. In the middle and upper stratosphere, both well-mixed greenhouse gases and ozone changes contribute in an important manner to the cooling, but model simulations underestimate the observed decadal-scale trend. While there is a lack of reliable information on water vapor changes over the 1980s decade, satellite measurements in the early to middle 1990s indicate increases in water vapor that could be a significant contributor to the cooling of the global lower stratosphere. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08452 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Atmospher Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20233 USA. Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-1000 Berlin 41, Germany. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. UK Meteorol Off, Bracknell RG12 2SZ, Berks, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Div Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. RP Ramaswamy, V (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08452 USA. RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 NR 202 TC 254 Z9 277 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1 BP 71 EP 122 DI 10.1029/1999RG000065 PG 52 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 403EL UT WOS:000167029600003 ER PT J AU Schaake, JC Welles, E Graziano, T AF Schaake, JC Welles, E Graziano, T TI Comment on "Bayesian theory of probabilistic forecasting via deterministic hydrologic model" by Roman Krzysztofowicz SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schaake, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 2 BP 439 EP 439 DI 10.1029/2000WR900281 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 395LX UT WOS:000166582800025 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE Doswell, CA AF Brooks, HE Doswell, CA TI Normalized damage from major tornadoes in the United States: 1890-1999 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Historical records of damage from major tornadoes in the United States are taken and adjusted for inflation and wealth. Such adjustments provide a more reliable method to compare losses over time in the context of significant societal change. From 1890 to 1999, the costliest tornado on the record, adjusted for inflation, is the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City tornado, with an adjusted $963 million in damage (constant 1997 dollars). Including an adjustment for growth in wealth, on the other hand, clearly shows the 27 May 1896 Saint Louis-East Saint Louis tornado to be the costliest on record. An extremely conservative adjustment for the 1896 tornado gives a value of $2.2 billion. A more realistic adjustment yields a figure of $2.9 billion. A comparison of the ratio of deaths to wealth-adjusted damage shows a clear break in 1953, at the beginning of the watch/warning/awareness program of the National Weather Service. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 12 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410HX UT WOS:000167435500012 ER PT J AU Wood, VT Brown, RA Sirmans, D AF Wood, VT Brown, RA Sirmans, D TI Technique for improving detection of WSR-88D mesocyclone signatures by increasing angular sampling SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB The Doppler velocity signature of a thunderstorm mesocyclone becomes increasingly degraded as distance from the radar increases. Degradation is due to the broadening of the radar beam with range relative to the size of the mesocyclone. Using a model mesocyclone and a simulated WSR-88D Doppler radar, a potential approach for improving the detection of mesocyclones is investigated. The approach involves decreasing the azimuthal sampling interval from the conventional 1.0 degrees to 0.5 degrees. Using model mesocyclones that cover the spread of expected mesocyclone sizes and strengths. simulations show that stronger mesocyclone signatures consistently are produced when radar data are collected at 0.5 degrees azimuthal increments. Consequently, the distance from the radar at which a mesocyclone of a given strength and size can be detected increases by an average of at least 50% when data are collected using 0.5 degrees azimuthal increments, The simulated findings are tested using Archive Level I (time series) data collected by the WSR-88D Operational Support Facility's KCRI radar during the Oklahoma-Kansas tornado outbreak of 3 May 1999. With the availability of time series data, an Archive Level II dataset was produced for both 1.0 degrees and 0.5 degrees azimuthal intervals. One-third of the mesocyclone signatures collected using 0.5 degrees azimuthal intervals were 10% to over 50% stronger than their 1.0 degrees azimuthal interval counterparts. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Syst Technol Associates Inc, Norman, OK USA. RP Wood, VT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0177:TFIDOW>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410HX UT WOS:000167435500013 ER PT J AU Vescio, MD Thompson, RL AF Vescio, MD Thompson, RL TI Subjective tornado probability forecasts in severe weather watches SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SUPERCELLS; STORMS; WINDS AB An experiment was conducted at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) to assess the accuracy of subjective probability forecasts for tornadoes within individual convective watch areas. Probability forecasts for one or more and three or more tornadoes were produced for 166 severe weather watches during 1997 and 1998. Categorical forecasts of maximum tornado intensity, as indicated by F-scale damage ratings, were also performed. The probability and intensity forecasts were made in an operational setting prior to the issuance of each watch to simulate the decision making process that might be employed if the SPC were to begin including probabilities in their watch products. Results indicate considerable skill in forecasting tornado probabilities, though the maximum intensity Forecasts were not particularly accurate. It is hypothesized that accurate tornado intensity forecasts will be difficult to achieve until storm-scale processes are more fully understood. C1 Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Vescio, MD (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 3401 No Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0192:FSFSTP>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 410HX UT WOS:000167435500015 ER PT J AU Porter, SM AF Porter, SM TI Effects of size and light on respiration and activity of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) larvae SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE activity; fish larvae; respiration; Theragra chalcogramma ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DIEL RHYTHMS; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; METABOLISM; ALASKA; FISHES; GULF; EGGS AB The respiration rate and swimming activity of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) larvae were measured in the laboratory to determine how these were affected by body size (measured as dry weight), and amount of light. Size: influenced respiration rates, but not activity. Activity increased with increased light, and as walleye pollock larvae developed, light had an increasingly important effect on respiration rate. For older larvae, light is an important factor affecting respiration rate and this: may be due to an increased sensitivity to light. Thus, in addition to size, light plays an important role in the energetics of walleye pollock larvae. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Porter, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 31 PY 2001 VL 256 IS 2 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00319-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 401UD UT WOS:000166945900008 ER PT J AU Rachofsky, EL Seibert, E Stivers, JT Osman, R Ross, JBA AF Rachofsky, EL Seibert, E Stivers, JT Osman, R Ross, JBA TI Conformation and dynamics of abasic sites in DNA investigated by time-resolved fluorescence of 2-aminopurine SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; REFINED SOLUTION STRUCTURE; DEOXYADENOSINE STACKS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HELIX OPPOSITE; LEAST-SQUARES; DUPLEX DNA; NMR; RECOGNITION AB Abasic sites are highly mutagenic lesions in DNA that arise as intermediates in the excision repair of modified bases. These sites are generated by the action of damage-specific DNA glycosylases and are converted into downstream intermediates by the specific activity of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases. Enzymes in both families have been observed in crystal structures to impose deformations on the abasic-site DNA, including DNA kinking and base flipping. On the basis of these apparent protein-induced deformations, we propose that altered conformation and dynamics of abasic sites may contribute to the specificity of these repair enzymes. Previously, measurements of the steady-state fluorescence of the adenine analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP) opposite an abasic site demonstrated that binding of divalent cations could induce a conformational change that increased the accessibility of 2AP to solute quenching [Stivers, J. T. (1998) Nucleic Acids Res. 26, 3837-44]. We have performed time-resolved fluorescence experiments to characterize the states involved in this conformational change. Interpretation of these studies is based on a recently developed model attributing the static and dynamic fluorescence quenching of 2AP in DNA to aromatic stacking and collisional interactions with neighboring bases, respectively (see the preceding paper in this issue). The time-resolved fluorescence results indicate that divalent cation binding shifts the equilibrium of the abasic site between two conformations: a "closed" state, characterized by short average fluorescence lifetime and complex decay kinetics, and an "open" state, characterized by monoexponential decay with lifetime approximately that of the free nucleoside. Because the lifetime and intensity decay kinetics of 2AP incorporated into DNA are sensitive primarily to collisional interactions with the neighboring bases, the absence of dynamic quenching in the open state strongly suggests that the fluorescent base is extrahelical in this conformation. Consistent with this interpretation, time-resolved quenching studies reveal that the open state is accessible to solute quenching by potassium iodide, but the closed state is not. Greater static quenching is observed in the abasic site when the fluorescent base is flanked by 5'- and 3'-thymines than in the context of 5'- and 3'-adenines, indicating that 2AP is more stacked with the neighboring bases in the former sequence. These results imply that the conformation of the abasic site varies in a sequence-dependent manner. Undamaged sequences in which the abasic site is replaced by thymine do not exhibit an open state and have different levels of both static and dynamic quenching than their damaged homologues. These differences in structure and dynamics may be significant determinants of the high specific affinity of repair enzymes for the abasic site. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Ross, JBA (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63317, R01 CA063317]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM056834] NR 52 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 30 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 957 EP 967 DI 10.1021/bi001665g PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 397LQ UT WOS:000166697500013 PM 11170417 ER PT J AU Goldner, LS Hwang, J Bryant, GW Fasolka, MJ Absil, PP Hryniewicz, JV Johnson, FG Shen, H Ho, PT AF Goldner, LS Hwang, J Bryant, GW Fasolka, MJ Absil, PP Hryniewicz, JV Johnson, FG Shen, H Ho, PT TI Newton's rings in near-field optics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY AB We show how Newton's rings manifest themselves in near-field scanning optical microscopy and discuss how this effect can be used with topographic imaging to measure correlated roughness of thin films. In conventional optics, transmission through a thin nonabsorbing film depends on film thickness when multiple reflections from the film boundaries are coherent. Measurements and modeling of the transmission through thin films illuminated by a near-field probe show that these oscillations are present despite the large distribution of transverse wave vectors needed to describe light from the probe. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldner, LS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2001 VL 78 IS 5 BP 583 EP 585 DI 10.1063/1.1343850 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 398CC UT WOS:000166737500008 ER PT J AU Hagemann, IS Huang, Q Gao, XPA Ramirez, AP Cava, RJ AF Hagemann, IS Huang, Q Gao, XPA Ramirez, AP Cava, RJ TI Geometric magnetic frustration in Ba2Sn2Ga3ZnCr7O22: A two-dimensional spinel based Kagome lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORDER AB The properties of a two-dimensional geometrically frustrated magnetic material based on the Kagome net, Ba2Sn2ZnGa3Cr7O22, are reported. The Kagome net is fully filled with magnetic ions. A Curie Weiss theta theta (W) = -312 K is found with a spin glass transition at approximately 1.5 K, indicating strong geometrical magnetic frustration. This compound is the most two dimensional of a structural series with the geometrically frustrated materials ZnCr2O4 and SrCr8Ga4O19. The comparison of their properties tests the influence of different degrees of coupling between Kagome layers on magnetic frustration within a single chemical and structural family. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07574 USA. RP Hagemann, IS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 11 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 5 BP 894 EP 897 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.894 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 396FN UT WOS:000166625800037 PM 11177967 ER PT J AU Wilson, KB Hanson, PJ Mulholland, PJ Baldocchi, DD Wullschleger, SD AF Wilson, KB Hanson, PJ Mulholland, PJ Baldocchi, DD Wullschleger, SD TI A comparison of methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components: sap-flow, soil water budget, eddy covariance and catchment water balance SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; eddy covariance; catchment water balance ID BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL METHODS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; PINE FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; TREES; EVAPORATION AB A multi-year, multi-technique study was conducted to measure evapotranspiration and its components within an uneven-aged mixed deciduous forest in the Southeastern United States. Four different measurement techniques were used, including soil water budget (1 year), sap flow (2 years), eddy covariance (5 years), and catchment water budget (31 years). Annual estimates of evapotranspiration were similar for the eddy covariance and catchment water balance techniques, averaging 571 +/- 16 mm (eddy covariance) and 582 +/- 28 mm (catchment water balance) per year over a 5-year period. There were qualitative similarities between sap flow and eddy covariance estimates on a daily basis, and sap flow estimates of transpiration were about 50% of annual evapotranspiration estimated from eddy covariance and catchment studies. Soil evaporation was estimated using a second eddy covariance system below the canopy, and these measurements suggest that soil evaporation explains only a small portion of the difference between sap flow estimates of transpiration and eddy covariance and catchment water budget estimates of evapotranspiration. Convergence of the catchment water balance and eddy covariance methods and moderately good energy balance closure suggests that the sap flow estimates could be low, unless evaporation of canopy-intercepted water was especially large. The large species diversity and presence of ring-porous trees at our site may explain the difficulty in extrapolating sap flow measurements to the spatial scales representative of the eddy covariance and catchment water balance methods. Soil water budget estimates were positively correlated with eddy covariance and sap flow measurements, but the data were highly variable and in error under conditions of severe surface dryness and after rainfall events. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 57 TC 311 Z9 343 U1 11 U2 148 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS 2 BP 153 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00199-4 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390YT UT WOS:000166327900006 ER PT J AU Voss, PB Stimpfle, RM Cohen, RC Hanisco, TF Bonne, GP Perkins, KK Lanzendorf, EJ Anderson, JG Salawitch, RJ Webster, CR Scott, DC May, RD Wennberg, PO Newman, PA Lait, LR Elkins, JW Bui, TP AF Voss, PB Stimpfle, RM Cohen, RC Hanisco, TF Bonne, GP Perkins, KK Lanzendorf, EJ Anderson, JG Salawitch, RJ Webster, CR Scott, DC May, RD Wennberg, PO Newman, PA Lait, LR Elkins, JW Bui, TP TI Inorganic chlorine partitioning in the summer lower stratosphere: Modeled and measured [ClONO2]/[HCl] during POLARIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NASA ER-2 AIRCRAFT; RATE COEFFICIENTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; HCL; NITROGEN; RADICALS; CLO; NO2; O-3 AB We examine inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) partitioning in the summer lower stratosphere using in situ ER-2 aircraft observations made during the Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS) campaign. New steady state and numerical models estimate [ClONO2]/[HCl] using currently accepted photochemistry. These models are tightly constrained by observations with OH (parameterized as a function of solar zenith angle) substituting for modeled HO2 chemistry. We find that inorganic chlorine photochemistry alone overestimates observed [ClONO2]/[HCl] by approximately 55-60% at mid and high latitudes. On the basis of POLARIS studies of the inorganic chlorine budget, [ClO]/[ClONO2], and an intercomparison with balloon observations, the most direct explanation for the model-measurement discrepancy in Cl-y partitioning is an error in the reactions, rate constants, and measured species concentrations linking HCl and ClO (simulated [ClO]/[HCl] too high) in combination with a possible systematic error in the ER-2 ClONO2 measurement (too low). The high precision of our simulation (+/-15% 1 sigma for [ClONO2]/[HCl], which is compared with observations) increases confidence in the observations, photolysis calculations, and laboratory rate constants. These results, along with other findings, should lead to improvements in both the accuracy and precision of stratospheric photochemical models. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02144 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Voss, PB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02144 USA. RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Bonne, Gisele/G-3121-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D2 BP 1713 EP 1732 DI 10.1029/2000JD900494 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 395TB UT WOS:000166596400018 ER PT J AU Hinson, DP Tyler, GL Hollingsworth, JL Wilson, RJ AF Hinson, DP Tyler, GL Hollingsworth, JL Wilson, RJ TI Radio occultation measurements of forced atmospheric waves on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; THERMAL TIDES; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; DUST STORMS; SIMULATIONS; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; TOPOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS AB Mars Global Surveyor performed a series of radio occultation experiments in December 1998, resulting in 36 profiles of the neutral atmosphere in late northern spring (L-s = 74.1 degrees -77.3 degrees), The measurements are confined in latitude (64.6 degrees -67.2 degreesN) and local time (0321-0418), but their distribution in longitude is fairly uniform. We used least squares spectral analysis to characterize the zonal structure of the atmosphere and constructed longitude-height cross sections of both temperature and geopotential. Zonal variations of temperature exceed 12 K near the surface but are much smaller (2-3 K) at higher altitudes. Zonal variations of geopotential are similar to 200 m throughout the vertical range of the measurements. These patterns of temperature and geopotential appear to be stationary relative to the surface with little day-to-day variation within the 7-sol span of the measurements. We relied heavily on Mars general circulation models (GCMs) for guidance in understanding these data. Stationary planetary waves are responsible for some aspects of the temperature and geopotential fields, particularly at pressures exceeding 100-200 Pa. On the basis of strong similarities between a GCM simulation and the observations, we conclude that the disturbance takes the form of a planetary wave train excited by Alba Patera. The data also include the signature of non-Sun-synchronous thermal tides, which produce a pattern that appears to be stationary when sampled at fixed local time. Comparison between a GCM simulation and the measured geopotential field provides evidence for the presence of the resonantly enhanced, diurnal, wave-1 Kelvin mode. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hinson, DP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E1 BP 1463 EP 1480 DI 10.1029/2000JE001291 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 395TJ UT WOS:000166597100006 ER PT J AU Cornell, EA AF Cornell, EA TI Stopping light in its tracks SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC GAS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cornell, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 25 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6819 BP 461 EP 462 DI 10.1038/35054152 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 395FW UT WOS:000166570500023 PM 11206524 ER PT J AU Krueger, S Meuse, CW Majkrzak, CF Dura, JA Berk, NF Tarek, M Plant, AL AF Krueger, S Meuse, CW Majkrzak, CF Dura, JA Berk, NF Tarek, M Plant, AL TI Investigation of hybrid bilayer membranes with neutron reflectometry: Probing the interactions of melittin SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PHASE DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; X-RAY; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LIPID-MEMBRANES; REFLECTIVITY; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE AB Recent improvements in neutron reflectometry methodology have afforded enhanced sensitivity for the study of biomimetic membranes. The technique has been used to probe the interactions of the peptide toxin, melittin, with supported bilayers of phospholipid and octadecanethiol or thiahexa(ethylene oxide) alkane on gold. Improvements in instrumentation and experimental design permit neutron reflectivity measurements out to a wavevector transfer of 0.7 Angstrom (-1) and down to reflectivities approaching 10(-8), allowing unprecedented resolution of structural details in the bilayer. The data indicate that melittin strongly perturbs the phospholipid headgroup region and also affects the alkane chain region of the bilayer. There is no evidence for hydration of the ethylene oxide spacer region between the gold and alkane regions of the thiahexa(ethylene oxide) alkane/phospholipid bilayer, but a distinct shift of up to 3 Angstrom in the apparent location of the interface between the alkane and phospholipid regions is observed. This work shows that the neutron reflectometry technique is now sensitive to small changes in the reflected intensities, and these small changes can result in significant contributions to the resultant scattering length density profiles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Krueger, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 44 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 23 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1021/la001134t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 394HZ UT WOS:000166519100038 ER PT J AU Roberts, AP Garboczi, EJ AF Roberts, AP Garboczi, EJ TI Elastic moduli of model random three-dimensional closed-cell cellular solids SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE foams; mechanical properties; elastic; microstructure ID MECHANICS; COMPOSITE; STRENGTH; STRAIN; FOAMS AB Most cellular solids are random materials, while practically all theoretical structure-property results are for periodic models. To be able to generate theoretical results for random models, the finite element method (FEM) was used to study the elastic properties of solids with a closed-cell cellular structure. We have computed the density (rho) and microstructure dependence of the Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (PR) for several different isotropic random models based on Voronoi tessellations and level-cut Gaussian random fields. The effect of partially open cells is also considered. The results, which are best described by a power law E infinity rho (n) (132 kA) that occurred within 60 km of the balloon during its flight. The amount of charge transferred by three of these positive flashes that made Q bursts is calculated in the range of 97-196 C. Flashes of this sort are known to produce sprites and elves in the mesosphere. The positive charge regions in this stratiform cloud are substantially lower than the 10-km altitude commonly assumed for the positive charge in many sprite modeling studies. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, ERL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. MIT, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02173 USA. RP Marshall, TC (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D1 BP 1157 EP 1163 DI 10.1029/2000JD900625 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393FL UT WOS:000166458500004 ER PT J AU Helsdon, JH Wojcik, WA Farley, RD AF Helsdon, JH Wojcik, WA Farley, RD TI An examination of thunderstorm-charging mechanisms using a two-dimensional storm electrification model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ICE CRYSTAL INTERACTIONS; LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; INDIVIDUAL COLLISIONS; MEXICO THUNDERSTORMS; FLORIDA THUNDERSTORM; MONTANA THUNDERSTORM; RIME ACCRETION; LIQUID WATER; GRAUPEL AB The early, prelightning, electrification of a storm resulting from noninductive (NI) charging involving graupel, cloud ice/snow, and supercooled cloud water in a riming environment is studied using a comparative approach in a two-dimensional storm electrification model. The primary schemes examined al-e NI charge transfers based on the laboratory work of Takahashi [1978] and Saunders et al. [1991]. The NI mechanism, based on Takahashi's work, develops a positive dipole (positive charge above negative) and electric fields approaching 185 kV m(-1) as the cloud enters the dissipating stage. Charge transfers, based on the work of Saunders and colleagues, had to be reduced in magnitude to produce electrification that is consistent with the observations. In addition, the Saunders scheme produces an initially inverted dipole (negative charge above positive) which resolves to a positive dipole in the latter part of the simulation and produces electric fields approaching 250 kV m(-1). Sensitivity tests show that the NI scheme, based on Takahashi's work is sensitive to the number concentration of ice crystals, whereas the Saunders-based scheme is much less sensitive to ice crystal numbers. The Saunders parameterization has strong positive charging of graupel at low effective liquid water content and low temperature. This positive charging can result in an unusual cloud-top charge structure when used at full value but is benign when the charging is reduced in magnitude. The charge structure resulting from the Saunders scheme is quite sensitive to the calculation of the effective water content, which determines the level of charge reversal. Both of the NI schemes are capable of producing electrification that approaches thunderstorm levels. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmsopher Sci, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Pocatello, ID USA. RP Helsdon, JH (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Inst Atmsopher Sci, 501 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 49 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D1 BP 1165 EP 1192 DI 10.1029/2000JD900532 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393FL UT WOS:000166458500005 ER PT J AU Erlick, C Russell, LM Ramaswamy, V AF Erlick, C Russell, LM Ramaswamy, V TI A microphysics-based investigation of the radiative effects of aerosol-cloud interactions for two MAST Experiment case studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ABSORPTION; ALBEDO; MODEL; PARTICLES; DROPLETS AB We use a size- and composition-resolved externally mixed aerosol microphysical model and a delta-Eddington exponential-sum-fit radiation algorithm to examine the interactions between aerosol particles and cloud drops, and their influence on solar radiation. Both the aerosol model and the radiation code are designed to explicitly handle external and internal aerosol particle and cloud drop mixtures. Using observations from the Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) Experiment, we model changes in aerosol and cloud drop size distributions for a clean marine cloud and ship track and a continentally influenced marine cloud and ship track. Linking these results to the radiation algorithm with a Mie-scattering subroutine, we investigate the corresponding changes in cloud albedo, cloud absorption, and transmission. The differences in 0.3-3.0 mum albedo and transmission between the clouds and ship tracks as a result of the changes in drop size distribution and composition are found to be substantial, and the composition of the cloud drops is found to be important particularly in the continentally influenced case. Both the clouds and ship tracks enhance atmospheric absorption with respect to a clear sky, with a cloud forcing ratio ranging from 1.15 to 1.37, where the clear sky is defined to be cloud- and aerosol-free. Sensitivity studies are performed with respect to the updraft velocity, the updraft area fraction, dilution of the ship emissions, and the composition of supermicron continental particles. The radiation results are also compared with Meteorological Research Flight (MRF) C-130 in situ aircraft measurements and with parameterizations of the "Twomey effect." C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Erlick, C (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Ring Dept Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D1 BP 1249 EP 1269 DI 10.1029/2000JD900567 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393FL UT WOS:000166458500011 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Theisen, D DeLuisi, JJ Bojkov, RD Kosmidis, E AF Petropavlovskikh, I Theisen, D DeLuisi, JJ Bojkov, RD Kosmidis, E TI On shifts in the long-term Umkehr radiance records and their influence on retrieved ozone profiles. SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The Umkehr technique has been used routinely for more than 40 years to assess features in the vertical distribution of ozone. The measurements represent the longest ozone profile data record in existence. A careful examination of the long-term Umkehr N-value (radiance) measurement record, archived at the WMO World Ozone and UV Data Center in Toronto, Canada, revealed shifts in the data. These shifts appear to be mainly related to Dobson instrument calibrations and/or to instrument changes at the observing stations. In most cases, the detected shifts exhibit solar zenith angle dependence. The standard procedure of subtracting the Umkehr measurement at 60-degree solar zenith angle (or the next smallest SZA available) from the measurement at the other angles to eliminate the instrumental and extraterrestrial constants from measurements does not necessarily remove the shifts. The shift errors would appear as shifts in the retrieved ozone profiles and could affect any ozone profile analysis (including ozone trends) as well as comparisons with other profiles derived from satellite and lidar measurements. A preliminary approach for detecting the shifts and allowing for corrections is developed and evaluated for its potential to improve the quality of the of the Umkehr records. C1 Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), NOAA, SRRB, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.1029/1999GL011251 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400015 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ Covey, C Lindzen, RS AF Sun, DZ Covey, C Lindzen, RS TI Vertical correlations of water vapor in GCMs SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; FEEDBACK; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; AMIP AB Correlations of tropical mean water vapor with its surface values have been calculated for all AMIP1 models and some of the AMIP2 models. The previously noted discrepancy between the GFDL model and rawinsonde data also exists for other models: the interannual correlations of water vapor with its surface values decline to smaller values in observations than in the models. This discrepancy is reduced somewhat after the data from the models were sampled at the same locations where observational data were collected, but remains significant even at low levels. Significant discrepancy between models and observations also exists in the regressions of water vapor on temperature, suggesting something other than differences in the noise level as the main cause for the discrepancy in the vertical correlations between model and rawinsonde observations. C1 NOAA, CIRES, OAR, CSC,RCDC1,Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, OAR, CSC,RCDC1,Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1029/2000GL011907 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400016 ER PT J AU Bograd, SJ Lynn, RJ AF Bograd, SJ Lynn, RJ TI Physical-biological coupling in the California Current during the 1997-99 El Nino-La Nina cycle SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ONSET; FLOW AB The rapid transition from strong El Nino to strong La Nina conditions in the equatorial Pacific in 1998 was accompanied by considerable environmental variability in the southern California Current System (CCS). The evolution of this transition in the CCS is investigated based on hydrographic and biological data collected on 25 cruises over a 45-month period (February 1996 to October 1999). The El Nino period was characterized by high steric heights and a deep nutricline in the coastal regions, which effectively limited biological production. This was followed by a period of increased cross-shore dynamic height gradients, a significant shoaling of the nutricline, and a dramatic rebound in primary and secondary production. The observed physical and biological response in the CCS is remarkably similar to that observed in the tropical Pacific, but with a lag of several months. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Life Res Grp, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1029/2000GL012047 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400020 ER PT J AU Mofjeld, HO Titov, VV Gonzalez, FI Newman, JC AF Mofjeld, HO Titov, VV Gonzalez, FI Newman, JC TI Tsunami scattering provinces in the Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We use a scattering index to identify the regions in the Pacific Ocean where topographic features scatter significant tsunami energy. Based on linear wave theory, the index is computed from the Smith/Sandwell topography. Consistent with numerical simulations, it shows that there is a narrow band of strong scatterers running across the ocean from the northwest (Emperor Seamount Chain) to the southeast (Easter Island Fracture Zone). The eastern Pacific is nearly devoid of scatterers, except for this band and isolated features along the eastern margin. To the west of the band lies a region with moderate scattering; the strongest scattering occurs in the southwestern Pacific. The Pacific is rimmed by island arcs and shallow continental shelves that also trap and scatter tsunamis. These results show that numerical models of trans-Pacific tsunamis must resolve the effects of the small-scale topography in order to accurately simulate their wave patterns and amplitudes. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mofjeld, HO (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1029/2000GL011710 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 392MN UT WOS:000166415400035 ER PT J AU Feldmann, J Cundiff, ST Arzberger, M Bohm, G Abstreiter, G AF Feldmann, J Cundiff, ST Arzberger, M Bohm, G Abstreiter, G TI Carrier capture into InAs/GaAs quantum dots via multiple optical phonon emission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHONON PROCESSES; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; ENERGY RELAXATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have performed nondegenerate optical pump-probe experiments with subpicosecond laser pulses to investigate the dynamics of carrier capture into self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. For low excitation intensities the capture rate depends only slightly on excitation density, whereas a clear dependence on crystal temperature is observed. This temperature dependence can be explained by assuming that the emission of four longitudinal optical (LO) phonons and one longitudinal acoustic phonon is the dominant capture process for electrons. This assumption is consistent with the finding that, for electrons in the conduction band, the energetic separation between the single quantized quantum dot state and the onset of the two-dimensional states of the InAs wetting layer is slightly more than the energy of four LO phonons. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Photon & Optoelect Grp, D-80799 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, CeNS, D-80799 Munich, Germany. RP Feldmann, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1183 DI 10.1063/1.1333718 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387WG UT WOS:000166144400054 ER PT J AU Miller, CC van Zee, RD Stephenson, JC AF Miller, CC van Zee, RD Stephenson, JC TI Mechanism of the reaction, CH4+O(D-1(2))-> CH3+OH, studied by ultrafast and state-resolved photolysis/probe spectroscopy of the CH4 center dot O-3 van der Waals complex SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CROSSED MOLECULAR-BEAM; OH PRODUCT STATE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; O(P-3(J))+HYDROCARBON REACTIONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; BIMOLECULAR REACTION; O(D-1)+CH4 REACTION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; HARTLEY BAND AB The mechanism of the reaction CH4+O(D-1(2))--> CH3+OH was investigated by ultrafast, time-resolved and state-resolved experiments. In the ultrafast experiments, short ultraviolet pulses photolyzed ozone in the CH4.O-3 van der Waals complex to produce O(D-1(2)). The ensuing reaction with CH4 was monitored by measuring the appearance rate of OH(v=0,1;J,Omega,Lambda) by laser-induced fluorescence, through the OH A <--X transition, using short probe pulses. These spectrally broad pulses, centered between 307 and 316 nm, probe many different OH rovibrational states simultaneously. At each probe wavelength, both a fast and a slow rise time were evident in the fluorescence signal, and the ratio of the fast-to-slow signal varied with probe wavelength. The distribution of OH(v,J,Omega,Lambda) states, P-obs(v,J,Omega,Lambda), was determined by laser-induced fluorescence using a high-resolution, tunable dye laser. The P-obs(v,J,Omega,Lambda) data and the time-resolved data were analyzed under the assumption that different formation times represent different reaction mechanisms and that each mechanism produces a characteristic rovibrational distribution. The state-resolved and the time-resolved data can be fit independently using a two-mechanism model: P-obs(v,J,Omega,Lambda) can be decomposed into two components, and the appearance of OH can be fit by two exponential rise times. However, these independent analyses are not mutually consistent. The time-resolved and state-resolved data can be consistently fit using a three-mechanism model. The OH appearance signals, at all probe wavelengths, were fit with times tau (fast)approximate to0.2 ps, tau (inter)approximate to0.5 ps and tau (slow)approximate to5.4 ps. The slowest of these three is the rate for dissociation of a vibrationally excited methanol intermediate (CH3OH*) predicted by statistical theory after complete intramolecular energy redistribution following insertion of O(D-1(2)) into CH4. The P-obs(v,J,Omega,Lambda) was decomposed into three components, each with a linear surprisal, under the assumption that the mechanism producing OH at a statistical rate would be characterized by a statistical prior. Dissociation of a CH4O* intermediate before complete energy randomization was identified as producing OH at the intermediate rate and was associated with a population distribution with more rovibrational energy than the slow mechanism. The third mechanism produces OH promptly with a cold rovibrational distribution, indicative of a collinear abstraction mechanism. After these identifications were made, it was possible to predict the fraction of signal associated with each mechanism at different probe wavelengths in the ultrafast experiment, and the predictions proved consistent with measured appearance signals. This model also reconciles data from a variety of previous experiments. While this model is the simplest that is consistent with the data, it is not definitive for several reasons. First, the appearance signals measured in these experiments probe simultaneously many OH(v,J,Omega,Lambda) states, which would tend to obfuscate differences in the appearance rate of specific rovibrational states. Second, only about half of the OH(v,J,Omega,Lambda) states populated by this reaction could be probed by laser-induced fluorescence through the OH A <--X band with our apparatus. Third, the cluster environment might influence the dynamics compared to the free bimolecular reaction. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miller, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.stephenson@nist.gov NR 94 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1214 EP 1232 DI 10.1063/1.1331615 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388ZN UT WOS:000166213100018 ER PT J AU Pesce, L Amitay, Z Uberna, R Leone, SR Ratner, M Kosloff, R AF Pesce, L Amitay, Z Uberna, R Leone, SR Ratner, M Kosloff, R TI Quantum dynamics simulation of the ultrafast photoionization of Li-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE-PACKETS; SHELF STATE; MOLECULES; IONIZATION; SPECTRUM; PHASE AB The Li-2 species offers an ideal system to compare experimental pump/probe ultrafast photoionization with quantum dynamical calculations on well characterized potential energy surfaces. The present work utilizes the best available potential energy surfaces and appropriate quantum dynamical methods to analyze the photoionization and dynamics of a wave packet prepared in the E (1)Sigma (+)(g) shelf state of lithium dimer. A direct comparison between calculated (ab initio) and measured quantum dynamics is made for signals obtained with different laser pulse shapes, intensities, and chirps, and the validity of the theoretical model is considered, as well as the applicability and failure of perturbation theory. The results illustrate the high sensitivity of the time-dependent pump/probe ionization transient signals to the detailed modeling of both the pump and probe stages. They also show some of the inadequacies of the current potential surfaces and dipole moment matrix elements of lithium dimer. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Res Ctr Mol Dynam, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Pesce, L (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Kosloff, Ronnie/D-2388-2013 OI Kosloff, Ronnie/0000-0001-6201-2523 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1259 EP 1271 DI 10.1063/1.1333004 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388ZN UT WOS:000166213100022 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Jones, C AF Liebmann, B Jones, C TI Interannual variability of daily extreme precipitation events in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; UNITED-STATES; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; RAINFALL; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; URUGUAY; AMERICA AB The climatology and interannual variability of heavy, or "extreme," precipitation events are studied, using station data from the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. An extreme event is defined at each station when daily rainfall exceeds a certain percent of its seasonal or annual mean. It is found that these events occur mainly from November to March and that there is a distinct interannual variation in their number. The count of extreme events is not well correlated with mean precipitation. The relationship between extreme events and activity in the South Atlantic convergence zone (which, when active, is associated with increased precipitation) is therefore not obvious. From October to March, the interannual count of extreme events in the entire state is correlated positively with SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific from near the date line to the west coast of South America. The interannual count at stations near the Atlantic coast from November to February is correlated positively with SST anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean near the latitude of Sao Paulo. In both cases the relationship between SST and mean precipitation is weak. The associations are confirmed with composites and rank correlations. The relationships described are apparent in the period 1976-77 to 1994-95. There is no correspondence evident between extreme events and SST if data beginning in 1948 are included in the analysis. C1 Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 NR 23 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 208 EP 218 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0208:IVODEP>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 399EL UT WOS:000166798400006 ER PT J AU Wang, WM McPhaden, MJ AF Wang, WM McPhaden, MJ TI What is the mean seasonal cycle of surface heat flux in the equatorial Pacific? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; SEA-SURFACE; TROPICAL OCEAN; TOGA COARE; WARM POOL; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; REANALYSES AB The mean seasonal cycles of six state-of-the-art surface heat flux products (three based on widely available data and three based on numerical model reanalysis fields) are compared in the equatorial Pacific with heat fluxes computed from Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) buoy data. Net surface heat flux and individual flux components derived from these products exhibit large deviations from TAO. We find that a significant contribution to these differences, which are often 50 W m(-2) or more for net flux, is the use of systematically biased bulk variables in the computation of turbulent surface heat fluxes. We also find that for some products, compensating errors in bulk variables lead to fortuitous agreement with turbulent heat fluxes estimated from TAO. Finally, comparisons of TAO-derived fluxes with tuned and untuned heat flux estimates from the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set indicate better agreement with untuned fluxes, suggesting that commonly used ad hoc strategies to close the global ocean heat budget are not strictly valid. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wang, WM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 55 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C1 BP 837 EP 857 DI 10.1029/1999JC000076 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 393UM UT WOS:000166488100001 ER PT J AU Andreasen, DH Ravelo, AC Broccoli, AJ AF Andreasen, DH Ravelo, AC Broccoli, AJ TI Remote forcing at the last glacial maximum in the tropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Review ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS; INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY; LATE PLEISTOCENE; SEASONAL CYCLE; COLD-TONGUE; WIND STRESS AB We present results of a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) wind stress sensitivity experiment using a high-resolution ocean general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. LGM wind stress, used to drive the ocean model, was generated using an atmospheric general circulation model simulation forced by LGM boundary conditions as part of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) [Broccoli, 2000]. LGM wind stress anomalies were large in the western half of the basin, yet there was a significant hydrographic response in the eastern ha-If. This ocean model experiment hind casts changes that are in close agreement with paleoceanographic data from the entire region, even without the explicit modeling of the air-sea interactions. Data and model both predict that the annual average thermocline tilt across the basin was enhanced. Data and model are consistent with a stronger equatorial undercurrent which shoaled to the west of where it does today, and stronger advection of water from the Peru Current into the east equatorial Pacific and across the equator. Paleoproductivity and sea surface temperature (SST) data are interpreted in light of the modeling results, indicating that paleoproductivity changes were related to wind-forced dynamical changes resulting from LGM boundary conditions, while SST changes were related to independent, possibly radiative, forcing. Overall, our results imply that much of the dynamic response of the tropical Pacific during the LGM can be explained by wind field changes resulting from global LGM boundary conditions. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Andreasen, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1164 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM andreasn@aphrodite.ucsc.edu; acr@aphrodite.ucsc.edu RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 106 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 106 IS C1 BP 879 EP 897 DI 10.1029/1999JC000087 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 393UM UT WOS:000166488100003 ER PT J AU Vogel, KR Diddams, SA Oates, CW Curtis, EA Rafac, RJ Itano, WM Bergquist, JC Fox, RW Lee, WD Wells, JS Hollberg, L AF Vogel, KR Diddams, SA Oates, CW Curtis, EA Rafac, RJ Itano, WM Bergquist, JC Fox, RW Lee, WD Wells, JS Hollberg, L TI Direct comparison of two cold-atom-based optical frequency standards by using a femtosecond-laser comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASER; TRANSITION AB With a fiber-broadened, femtosecond-laser frequency comb, the 76-THz interval between two laser-cooled optical frequency standards was measured with a statistical uncertainty of 2 x 10(-13) in 5 s, to our knowledge the best short-term instability thus far reported for an optical frequency measurement. One standard is based on the calcium intercombination line at 657 nm, and the other, on the mercury ion electric-quadrupole transition at 282 nm. By linking this measurement to the known Ca frequency, we report a new frequency value for the Hg+ clock transition with an improvement in accuracy of similar to 10(5) compared with its best previous measurement. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vogel, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 102 EP 104 DI 10.1364/OL.26.000102 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 391MQ UT WOS:000166360100017 PM 18033520 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Nelson, EJ Kendelewicz, T Pianetta, P Jain, M Kronik, L Chelikowsky, JR AF Woicik, JC Nelson, EJ Kendelewicz, T Pianetta, P Jain, M Kronik, L Chelikowsky, JR TI Partial density of occupied valence states by x-ray standing waves and high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; ALLOYS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB We introduce an experimental method by which sire-specific valence-electronic structure may be obtained. It utilizes the spatial dependence of the electric-field intensity that results from the superposition of the incident and reflected x-ray beams within the vicinity of a crystal x-ray Brag:: reflection. Resolution of the anion and cation contributions to the GaAs valence band is demonstrated and compared to an ab initio theoretical calculation of the Ga and As partial density of states. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jain, Manish/A-8303-2010 OI Jain, Manish/0000-0001-9329-6434 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 63 IS 4 AR 041403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.041403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 398HJ UT WOS:000166750600012 ER PT J AU Bolda, EL Chiao, RY Zurek, WH AF Bolda, EL Chiao, RY Zurek, WH TI Dissipative optical flow in a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX FORMATION; EINSTEIN; BISTABILITY AB We describe a classical nonlinear optical system that displays superfluidity and its breakdown. The system consists of a self-defocusing refractive medium inside a Fabry-Perot cavity with a cylindrical obstacle. We have numerically solved for the transmitted beam when an incident plane wave strikes the cavity at an oblique angle. The presence of the incident beam pins the steady-state phase of the output, preventing the formation of vortices or time-dependent flow. When the incident beam is switched off, a transient wake of moving optical vortices is produced. This is analogous to the breakdown of superfluidity above a critical velocity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bolda, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2001 VL 86 IS 3 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.416 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 392GB UT WOS:000166402400012 PM 11177844 ER PT J AU Gustafson, RG Waples, R Kalinowski, ST Winans, GA AF Gustafson, RG Waples, R Kalinowski, ST Winans, GA TI Evolution of sockeye salmon ecotypes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RI Kalinowski, Steven/A-7607-2008; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5502 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391JM UT WOS:000166352900017 PM 11253207 ER PT J AU Aron, W AF Aron, W TI Scientific whaling SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Aron, W (reprint author), 11809 NE 30th Pl, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5502 BP 253 EP 253 DI 10.1126/science.291.5502.253 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391JM UT WOS:000166352900021 PM 11253209 ER PT J AU Magnuson, JJ AF Magnuson, JJ TI Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere (vol 290, pg 1743, 2000) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 12 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 5502 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 391JM UT WOS:000166352900027 ER PT J AU Rachofsky, EL Ross, JBA Krauss, M Osman, R AF Rachofsky, EL Ross, JBA Krauss, M Osman, R TI CASSCF investigation of electronic excited states of 2-aminopurine SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Jablonski Centennial Conference on Luminescence and Photophysics CY JUL 23-27, 1998 CL TORUN, POLAND ID DNA-POLYMERASE; RECOGNITION; CYTOSINE; SPECTRA; SITE AB 2-Aminopurine is a highly fluorescent analogue of adenine that can be incorporated synthetically into DNA with little perturbation of the native double helical structure. The sensitive dependence of the quantum yield of this fluorophore on nucleic acid conformation has made it an invaluable probe of DNA structure, dynamics, and interactions. To assist in the development of models for the molecular interpretation of fluorescence measurements, the electronic structure of 2-amino-9-methylpurine has been calculated in the ground state and the lowest singlet pi pi* and n pi* excited states. These computations employed the complete active space multiconfigurational self-consistent field method (CASSCF), supplemented by multiconfigurational quasidegenerate perturbation theory (MCQDPT). The predicted energies for pi pi* excitation and emission and n pi" excitation are in good agreement with previous experimental values. The permanent molecular dipoles of the ground and pi pi* excited states are similar in magnitude and direction, consistent with experimental observations of weak solvatochromic shifts in pi pi* absorption and emission spectra. However, the permanent dipole of the n pi* state is rotated approximately 60 degrees relative to that of the ground state, implying that the n pi* excitation energy will increase in more polar solvents due to the relative destabilization of this slate by unfavorably oriented solvent dipoles. This result demonstrates that the "blue-shift" of the n pi* State in polar solvents, which is commonly attributed to the effect of hydrogen bonding, can arise entirely from a general solvent effect. The energy of a radiationless vibronic transition from the pi pi* state to the n pi* state will increase in more polar solvents, provided that the solvent does not rearrange during the transition. Consequently, the efficiency of fluorescence quenching by vibronic coupling between the pi pi* and n pi* states is predicted to decrease significantly in such solvents. The geometry of the fluorescent emitting state, obtained by CASSCF optimization of the pi pi* state, is moderately buckled due to the occupation of an antibonding orbital localized to C6. This buckling implies an out-of-plane vibration during the relaxation of the pi pi* state, which is required for vibronic coupling between this state and the n pi* state. Such a solvent-sensitive intramolecular quenching mechanism may account for the observed dependence of the fluorescence lifetime of 2-aminopurine on the local environment both in pure solvents and in DNA. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA. NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Osman, R (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 1 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1021/jp002413s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 390XF UT WOS:000166324500026 ER PT J AU Hall, A Stouffer, RJ AF Hall, A Stouffer, RJ TI An abrupt climate event in a coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation without external forcing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER INPUT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; TRANSIENT RESPONSES; GRADUAL CHANGES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ICE CORE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTS; INCREASE AB Temperature reconstructions from the North Atlantic region indicate frequent abrupt and severe climate fluctuations during the last glacial and Holocene periods(1-3). The driving forces for these events are unclear and coupled atmosphere-ocean models of global circulation have only simulated such events by inserting large amounts of fresh water into the northern North Atlantic Ocean(4,5). Here we report a drastic cooling event in a 15,000-yr simulation of global circulation with present-day climate conditions without the use of such external forcing. In our simulation, the annual average surface temperature near southern Greenland spontaneously fell 6-10 standard deviations below its mean value for a period of 30-40 yr. The event was triggered by a persistent northwesterly wind that transported large amounts of buoyant cold and fresh water into the northern North Atlantic Ocean. Oceanic convection shut down in response to this flow, concentrating the entire cooling of the northern North Atlantic by the colder atmosphere in the uppermost ocean layer. Given the similarity between our simulation and observed records of rapid cooling events, our results indicate that internal atmospheric variability alone could have generated the extreme climate disruptions in this region. C1 Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Hall, A (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RI Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 409 IS 6817 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1038/35051544 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 390UV UT WOS:000166316200038 PM 11196636 ER PT J AU Kessler, EG Dewey, MS Deslattes, RD Henins, A Borner, HG Jentschel, M Lehmann, H AF Kessler, EG Dewey, MS Deslattes, RD Henins, A Borner, HG Jentschel, M Lehmann, H TI The GAMS4 flat crystal facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; crystal diffraction; interferometers; neutron capture; lifetimes; gamma-ray wavelengths ID THERMAL-NEUTRON CAPTURE; DEUTERON BINDING-ENERGY; UPDATED EDLEN EQUATION; EUO SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION CASCADES; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; GRID LIFETIME; SLOWING-DOWN AB A high-resolution flat-crystal gamma-ray facility, GAMS4, has been constructed at the high-flux reactor at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. The facility is located at the exit of a through-tube equipped to place sources in a neutron flux of approximate to 5.5 x 10(14) n cm(-2) s(-1). Considerable care has been exercised to provide a precision gamma-ray metrology station including vibration isolation, temperature control, environmental monitoring, background suppression, and remote and automatic spectrometer control. The diffraction angles are controlled and measured interferometrically and absolute angle calibration is established with a relative uncertainty of approximate to 3 x 10(-7). The crystals are nearly perfect specimens of Si and Ge whose lattice spacings are measured in meters and have a relative uncertainty of approximate to 5 x 10(-8). The resolution obtained with this Facility closely approaches dynamical diffraction predictions. Examples of measurements performed using this facility include (1) absolute wavelengths standards and neutron binding energies, (2) lifetimes of nuclear exited states, (3) determination of interatomic potentials, and (4) crystal structure factors. GAMS4 is a scheduled ILL instrument with beamtime being awarded through the ILL proposal process. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Kessler, EG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8422, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00753-1 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 397NU UT WOS:000166702400016 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Huang, QZ Lynn, JW Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH Bateman, R Otsuka, T Wada, N Argyriou, DN Miller, JS AF Manson, JL Huang, QZ Lynn, JW Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH Bateman, R Otsuka, T Wada, N Argyriou, DN Miller, JS TI Long-range magnetic order in Mn[N(CN)(2)](2)(pyz) {pyz = pyrazine} susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, and neutron diffraction measurements and electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRIDGED COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; 1-D COORDINATION POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-BASED MAGNETS; SPIN-SPIN INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LINEAR-CHAIN; SUPEREXCHANGE MECHANISM; DICYANAMIDE; FERROMAGNETS; TEMPERATURE AB Using de magnetization, ac susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron diffraction, we have studied the magnetic properties of Mn[N(CN)(2)](2)(pyz) {pyz pyrazine} in detail. The material crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 7.3238(2), b = 16.7369(4), and c = 8.7905 (2) Angstrom, beta = 89.596 (2)degrees, V = 1077.65(7) Angstrom (3), and Z = 4, as determined by Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data at 1.35 K. The 5 K neutron powder diffraction data reflect very little variation in the crystal structure. Interpenetrating ReO3-like networks are formed from axially elongated Mn2+ octahedra and edges made up of mu -bonded [N(CN)(2)](-) anions and neutral pyz ligands. A three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering occurs below T-N = 2.53(2) K. The magnetic unit cell is double the nuclear one along the a- and c-axes, giving the (1/2, 0, 1/2) superstructure. The crystallographic and antiferromagnetic structures are commensurate and consist of collinear Mn2+ moments, each with a magnitude of 4.15(6) mu (B) aligned parallel to the a-direction (Mn-pyz-Mn chains). Electronic structure calculations indicate that the exchange interaction is much stronger along the Mn-pyz-Mn chain axis than along the Mn-NCNCN-Mn axes by a factor of approximately 40, giving rise to a predominantly one-dimensional magnetic system. Thus, the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data are well described by a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain model, giving g = 2.01(1) and J/k(B) = -0.27(1) K. Owing to single-ion anisotropy of the Mn2+ ion, field-induced phenomena ascribed to spin-flop and paramagnetic transitions are observed at 0.43 and 2.83 T, respectively. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oxford Res Instruments, Abingdon OX13 5QX, Oxon, England. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Basic Sci, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 92 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 10 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1021/ja0024791 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 389VF UT WOS:000166258800020 PM 11273613 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, A Carter, WC Fuller, ER AF Zimmermann, A Carter, WC Fuller, ER TI Damage evolution during microcracking of brittle solids SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE spontaneous microcracking; computer simulation; thermal expansion ID THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY; GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; CONTINUUM THEORY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CERAMICS; GROWTH; ALUMINA; MICROFRACTURE; TOUGHNESS; MECHANICS AB Microcracking due to thermal expansion and elastic anisotropy is examined via computer simulations with a microstructural-based finite element model. Random polycrystalline microstructures are generated via Monte Carlo Potts-model simulations. Microcrack formation and propagation due to thermal expansion anisotropy is investigated in these microstructures using a Griffith-type failure criterion in a microstructural-based finite element model called OOF. Effects of the grain size distribution on the accumulation of microcrack damage, as well as on the threshold for microcrack initiation, are analysed. Damage evolution is rationalised by statistical considerations, i.e. damage accumulation is correlated with the statistical distributions of microstructural parameters. (C) 2001 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Darmstadt Univ Technol, Ceram Grp, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmermann, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Forsch, Pulvermet Lab, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 38 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00294-9 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 397EX UT WOS:000166681300013 ER PT J AU Dienstfrey, A Hang, FB Huang, JF AF Dienstfrey, A Hang, FB Huang, JF TI Lattice sums and the two-dimensional, periodic Green's function for the Helmholtz equation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Helmholtz; equation; lattice sums; plane-wave expansion ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; EFFICIENT CALCULATION; GRATINGS AB Many algorithms that are currently used for the solution of the Helmholtz equation in periodic domains require the evaluation of the Green's function, G(x, x(0)). The fact that the natural representation of G via the method of images gives rise to a conditionally convergent series whose direct evaluation is prohibitive has inspired the search for more efficient procedures for evaluating this Green's function. Recently, the evaluation of G through the 'lattice-sum' representation has proven to be both accurate and fast. As a consequence, the computation of the requisite, also conditionally convergent, lattice sums has become an active area of research. We describe a new integral representation for these sums, and compare our results with other techniques for evaluating similar quantities. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dienstfrey, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 8 PY 2001 VL 457 IS 2005 BP 67 EP 85 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 392RR UT WOS:000166426000004 ER PT J AU Mankani, MH Kuznetsov, SA Fowler, B Kingman, A Robey, PG AF Mankani, MH Kuznetsov, SA Fowler, B Kingman, A Robey, PG TI In vivo bone formation by human bone marrow stromal cells: Effect of carrier particle size and shape SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bone formation; bone marrow stromal cells; transplantation; hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate ID COLONY-FORMING CELLS; IN-VIVO; STEM-CELLS; OSTEOGENIC CAPACITY; INVIVO; FIBROBLASTS; MICROENVIRONMENT; CERAMICS; INVITRO; SURFACE AB Successful closure of bone defects in patients remains an active area of basic and clinical research. A novel and promising approach is the transplantation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which have been shown to possess a significant osteogenic potential. The extent and quality of bone formation by transplanted human BMSCs strongly depends on the carrier matrix with which cells are transplanted; to date, by hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) supports far more osteogenesis than any other matrix tested. In order to further improve the technique of BMSC transplantation, we studied whether commercially available HA/TCP particles, clinically approved as an osteoconductive material and commercially available as particles measuring 0.5-1.0 mm diameter, is an optimum matrix for promoting bone development by BMSCs. HA/TCP and HA particles of varying size were sieved into a variety of size ranges, from <0.044 mm to 1.0-2.0 mm. Transplants were formed by mixing 40 mg aliquots of particles with cultured passaged human BMSCs. They were placed in subcutaneous pockets in immunocompromised Bg-Nu-XID mice and harvested 4 or 10 weeks later. The transplants were examined histologically; the presence of bone within each transplant was evaluated using histomorphometry or blindly scored on a semiquantitative scale. Transplant morphology and the amount of new bone varied in a consistent fashion based on particle size and shape. Transplants incorporating HA/TCP particles of 0.1-0.25 mm size demonstrated the greatest bone formation at both 4 and 10 weeks; larger or smaller particles were associated with less extensive bone formation, while a size of 0.044 mm represented a threshold below which no bone formation could be observed. Flat-sided HA particles measuring 0.1-0.25 mm formed no bone. The differences in bone formation were not attributable to the differences in cell attachment among the groups. Instead, the size and spatial and structural organization of the particles within BMSC transplants appear to determine the extent of bone formation. These findings provide necessary information for the successful clinical application of BMSC transplantation techniques. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial & Skeletal Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Off Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Mankani, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, 1001 Potrero Ave,Ward 3A, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RI Robey, Pamela/H-1429-2011 OI Robey, Pamela/0000-0002-5316-5576 NR 34 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JAN 5 PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 96 EP 107 DI 10.1002/1097-0290(20010105)72:1<96::AID-BIT13>3.0.CO;2-A PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 384YB UT WOS:000165973900013 PM 11084599 ER PT J AU Schlager, JB Rose, AH AF Schlager, JB Rose, AH TI Annealed optical fibre mode scrambler SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A mode scrambler based on an annealed step-index fibre is shown to have reproducible performance and source-launch-alignment insensitivity. Devitrification produces scattering centres in the fibre that distribute light uniformly over both angle and radius. An all-fibre mode scrambler with a 10cm length and an insertion loss < 3.5dB is demonstrated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schlager, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 9 EP 10 DI 10.1049/el:20010014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 395EE UT WOS:000166565800007 ER PT B AU Spayd, L AF Spayd, L GP AMS AMS TI Ensuring training and proficiency in the NWS SO 10TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Education CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, DOC, NWS, Off Climate Weather & Water Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Spayd, L (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, NWS, Off Climate Weather & Water Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BU98X UT WOS:000177563800001 ER PT B AU Adolphson, J Vincent, D Lese, A Lashley, S Giovannettone, J O'Hara, B Reaugh, T Lamberty, G O'Connor, S AF Adolphson, J Vincent, D Lese, A Lashley, S Giovannettone, J O'Hara, B Reaugh, T Lamberty, G O'Connor, S GP AMS AMS TI Enhancing public awareness of climate through a COMET (R) outreach project SO 10TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Education CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWSFO, IWX, Syracuse, IN 46567 USA. RP Adolphson, J (reprint author), NOAA, NWSFO, IWX, 7506 E 850 N, Syracuse, IN 46567 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 118 EP 121 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BU98X UT WOS:000177563800043 ER PT B AU Cianflone, R Schreiber-Abshire, W Bua, W Jascourt, S AF Cianflone, R Schreiber-Abshire, W Bua, W Jascourt, S GP AMS AMS TI Delivery of NWP training materials over the internet SO 10TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Education CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NWS, Meteorol Off, UCAR,COMET, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Cianflone, R (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Meteorol Off, UCAR,COMET, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BU98X UT WOS:000177563800044 ER PT B AU Baker, CB Meyers, TP Hall, ME Heim, RR AF Baker, CB Meyers, TP Hall, ME Heim, RR GP AMS AMS TI The precision and accuracy of the temperature measurements for the climate reference network SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Climat Ctr, NESDIS, NOAA, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Baker, CB (reprint author), Natl Climat Ctr, NESDIS, NOAA, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400002 ER PT B AU Tollerud, EI AF Tollerud, EI GP AMS AMS TI Systematic gauge network errors: Missing and unreported observations SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, FSL, OAR, David Skaggs Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tollerud, EI (reprint author), NOAA, FSL, OAR, David Skaggs Res Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400006 ER PT B AU Gilhousen, DB Hervey, R AF Gilhousen, DB Hervey, R GP AMS AMS TI An evaluation of gill sonic anemometers in the marine environment SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Gilhousen, DB (reprint author), Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400009 ER PT B AU Dobosy, RJ Crawford, TL Auble, DL Crescenti, GH Johnson, RC AF Dobosy, RJ Crawford, TL Auble, DL Crescenti, GH Johnson, RC GP AMS AMS TI The extreme turbulence (ET) probe for measuring boundary-layer turbulence during hurricane-force winds SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PRESSURE ANEMOMETER; HEAT-FLUX; STRESS; OCEAN C1 NOAA, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Dobosy, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RI Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016 OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400012 ER PT B AU Clawson, KL Johnson, DA Saliendra, NT AF Clawson, KL Johnson, DA Saliendra, NT GP AMS AMS TI Initial comparison of fluxes from bowen ratio and eddy correlation instrumentation over a sagebrush steppe ecosystem SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Clawson, KL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RI Clawson, Kirk/C-5910-2016 OI Clawson, Kirk/0000-0002-8789-9607 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 72 EP 73 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400016 ER PT B AU Collins, WG AF Collins, WG GP AMS AMS TI The identification of observation errors in radiosonde mass data at the national centers for environmental prediction SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, EMC, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400020 ER PT B AU Crawford, TL Crescenti, GH Hacker, JM AF Crawford, TL Crescenti, GH Hacker, JM GP AMS AMS TI Small environmental research aircraft: The future of airborne geoscience SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUX; TURBULENCE; BOREAS; PROBE; HEAT; CO2 C1 NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Crawford, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Field Res Div, Air Resources Lab, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400026 ER PT B AU Dumas, EJ Brooks, SB Verfaillie, J AF Dumas, EJ Brooks, SB Verfaillie, J GP AMS AMS TI Development and testing of a sky arrow 650 era for atmospheric research SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID AIRCRAFT; SYSTEM C1 NOAA, ARL, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dumas, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, ATDD, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016 OI Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400028 ER PT B AU French, JR Crawford, TL Johnson, RC Cote, OR AF French, JR Crawford, TL Johnson, RC Cote, OR GP AMS AMS TI A high-resolution temperature probe for airborne measurements SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ARL, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP French, JR (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400030 ER PT B AU Johnson, R Carter, R Businger, S Barnes, G Businger, J AF Johnson, R Carter, R Businger, S Barnes, G Businger, J GP AMS AMS TI Improved smart balloon to better characterize hurricane boundary-layer inflow SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, ARL, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Johnson, R (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400039 ER PT B AU Collins, WG Rogers, E Parrish, DF AF Collins, WG Rogers, E Parrish, DF GP AMS AMS TI The non-linear quality control of all data types within the national center for environmental prediction's regional data assimilation SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, EMC, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400048 ER PT B AU Elliott, WP Ross, RJ Blackmore, WH AF Elliott, WP Ross, RJ Blackmore, WH GP AMS AMS TI Climate impacts of introducing Vaisala radiosondes in the US observing network SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, OAR, RARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, OAR, RARL, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 265 EP 266 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400060 ER PT B AU Goodall-Gosnell, C AF Goodall-Gosnell, C GP AMS AMS TI Tropical rainfall estimates from Doppler radar at Newport/Morehead city NC SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Newport, NC 28570 USA. RP Goodall-Gosnell, C (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 533 Roberts Rd, Newport, NC 28570 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400065 ER PT B AU McCollum, JR Krajewski, WF Ferraro, RR Ba, MB AF McCollum, JR Krajewski, WF Ferraro, RR Ba, MB GP AMS AMS TI Validation and intercomparison of satellite rainfall estimation algorithms over the continental United States SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; PRECIPITATION C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP McCollum, JR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400066 ER PT B AU Petro, NM AF Petro, NM GP AMS AMS TI Tornadoes with hurricane Floyd a WSR-88D algorithm study SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Newport, NC 28570 USA. RP Petro, NM (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 533 Roberts Rd, Newport, NC 28570 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400071 ER PT B AU Collins, WG AF Collins, WG GP AMS AMS TI The quality control of velocity azimuth display (VAD) winds at the national centers for environmental prediction SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, EMC, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Collins, WG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400072 ER PT B AU Wolfe, DE Weber, BL Wilfong, TL Welsh, DC Wuertz, DB Merritt, DA AF Wolfe, DE Weber, BL Wilfong, TL Welsh, DC Wuertz, DB Merritt, DA GP AMS AMS TI NOAA advanced Signal Processing System for radar wind profilers SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PRECIPITATION C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wolfe, DE (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400077 ER PT B AU Jordan, JR White, AB AF Jordan, JR White, AB GP AMS AMS TI Boundary-layer studies with an S-band radar SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TURBULENCE C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jordan, JR (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, R ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400078 ER PT B AU Nalli, NR Stowe, LL AF Nalli, NR Stowe, LL GP AMS AMS TI Development of an aerosol-roust algorithm for remotely sensed sea surface temperatures from the NOAA AVHRR SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SATELLITE C1 NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA CSU, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA CSU, E-RA1, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 356 EP 361 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400081 ER PT B AU Augustine, JA DeLuisi, JJ Long, CN AF Augustine, JA DeLuisi, JJ Long, CN GP AMS AMS TI The effect of snow cover and cloud type on the surface radiation budget at SURFRAD network stations SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TEMPERATURE C1 NOAA, ARL, Surface Radiat Res Branch, R ARL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Augustine, JA (reprint author), NOAA, ARL, Surface Radiat Res Branch, R ARL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400088 ER PT B AU Huang, HP Sardeshmukh, PD AF Huang, HP Sardeshmukh, PD GP AMS AMS TI Climate model biases introduced by parameterized orographic gravity wave drag SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Huang, HP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900008 ER PT B AU Diaz, HF Cayan, DR AF Diaz, HF Cayan, DR GP AMS AMS TI Seasonality of precipitation in the American Southwest and cultural changes in the Colorado plateau in pre-historic times SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, OAR, CDC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, CDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900011 ER PT B AU Haim, RR AF Haim, RR GP AMS AMS TI Trends in climate change indicators, 1950-1991 SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Climat Ctr, Sci Serv, NOAA, NESDIS, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Natl Climat Ctr, Sci Serv, NOAA, NESDIS, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM rheim@ncdc.noaa.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900015 ER PT B AU Ross, R Gaffen, D AF Ross, R Gaffen, D GP AMS AMS TI Evaluation of tropospheric humidity in AMIP 11 simulations SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, OAR, Air Resources Lab, RARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ross, R (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Air Resources Lab, RARL, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900041 ER PT B AU Free, M Angell, J Robock, A AF Free, M Angell, J Robock, A GP AMS AMS TI Effect of volcanoes on the vertical temperature profile SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID EL CHICHON; ERUPTIONS; CLIMATE; OSCILLATION; TROPOSPHERE; PINATUBO; TRENDS; AGUNG C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900045 ER PT B AU Bates, JJ AF Bates, JJ GP AMS AMS TI Interannual variability and long-term trends in upper tropospheric humidity SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CLIMATE C1 NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bates, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, 325 Broadway R-ET1A, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900046 ER PT B AU Woodhouse, CA Meko, DM AF Woodhouse, CA Meko, DM GP AMS AMS TI Dendrohydrologic reconstructions: Applications to water resource management SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID RIVER C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, NGDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900050 ER PT B AU Santos, P Smith, EA AF Santos, P Smith, EA GP AMS AMS TI Satellite retrieval algorithm for atmospheric water budget of Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean sea basin: Seasonal variability SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Santos, P (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900053 ER PT B AU Gleason, BE Easterling, DR AF Gleason, BE Easterling, DR GP AMS AMS TI Revised US climate change indices SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Climate Archaeol & Anal Branch, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Gleason, BE (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Climate Archaeol & Anal Branch, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900059 ER PT B AU Crowe, M Karl, TR AF Crowe, M Karl, TR GP AMS AMS TI Advances in climate data collection, processing and distribution SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Crowe, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900068 ER PT B AU Chen, MY Xie, PP Janowiak, JE Arkin, PA AF Chen, MY Xie, PP Janowiak, JE Arkin, PA GP AMS AMS TI Global precipitation: A 50-year analysis based on interpolation and reconstruction of gauge observations SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 258 EP 260 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900080 ER PT B AU Gleason, BE Easterling, DR AF Gleason, BE Easterling, DR GP AMS AMS TI Tropical cyclone precipitation and dry spell mitigation SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Climate Archaecol & Anal Branch, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Gleason, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NESDIS, Climate Archaecol & Anal Branch, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 322 EP 323 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01M UT WOS:000177601900098 ER PT S AU Girz, CMIR MacDonald, AE Caracena, F Collander, RS Jamison, BD Anderson, RL Latsch, D Lachenmeier, T Moody, RA Mares, S Cooper, J Ganoe, G Katzberg, S Johnson, T Russ, B AF Girz, CMIR MacDonald, AE Caracena, F Collander, RS Jamison, BD Anderson, RL Latsch, D Lachenmeier, T Moody, RA Mares, S Cooper, J Ganoe, G Katzberg, S Johnson, T Russ, B BE Warmbein, B TI Progress and recent developments in the GAINS program SO 15TH ESA SYMPOSIUM ON EUROPEAN ROCKET AND BALLOON PROGRAMMES AND RELATED RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research CY MAY 28-31, 2001 CL BIARRITZ, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy AB The GAINS (Global Air-ocean IN-situ System) network of long-duration, high-altitude vehicles is proposed as a means to provide critically needed in-situ observations worldwide. This need is increasingly apparent, for example, in the Arctic where there is growing concern around the shrinking of the ice cap and sea ice extent with concomitant decreases in habitat for animal and plant species. In the mid-latitudes, the sustainability of sufficient soil moisture in grain producing regions is questionable under several climate change scenarios. Preparatory steps using smaller balloons and prototype payloads have been taken toward demonstrating the GAINS balloon concept. The balloon envelope recovery system (BERS) has been tested and radio frequency interference, compatibility and distance checks of the prototype command and communication systems were performed. Electronic and mechanical systems have been integrated in preparation for a 48-h flight of an 18-m diameter prototype. C1 NOAA, Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Girz, CMIR (reprint author), NOAA, Res Forecast Syst Lab, R-FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Jamison, Brian/M-1109-2015 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-725-9 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 471 BP 653 EP 658 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT34U UT WOS:000172696400110 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, R GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A framework for multiple authorization types in a healthcare application system SO 17TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Appl Comp Secur Associates AB In most of the current authorization frameworks in application systems, the authorization for a user operation is determined using a static database like ACL entries or system tables. These frameworks cannot provide the foundation for supporting multiple types of authorizations like Emergency Authorizations, Context-based Authorizations etc, which are required in many vertical market systems like healthcare application systems. In this paper we describe a dynamic authorization framework which supports multiple authorization types. We use the acronym DAFMAT (Dynamic Authorization Framework for Multiple Authorization Types) to refer to this framework. The DAFMAT framework uses a combination of Role-based Access Control (RBAC) and Dynamic Type Enforcement (DTE) augmented with a logic-driven authorization engine. The application of DAFMAT for evaluating and determining various types of authorization requests for the Admissions, Discharge and Transfer System (ADT) in a healthcare enterprise is described. C1 NIST, Comp Securit Div, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandramouli, R (reprint author), NIST, Comp Securit Div, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1405-7 PY 2001 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2001.991530 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT98Z UT WOS:000174658000015 ER PT B AU Jansen, WA AF Jansen, WA GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Determining privileges of mobile agents SO 17TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Appl Comp Secur Associates AB This paper describes a method for controlling the behavior of mobile agent-system entities through the allocation of privileges. privileges refer to policy rules that govern the access and use of computational resources and services by mobile agents. Our method is based on extending the platform processing environment, using the capabilities present in most mobile agent systems, and applying two forms of privilege management certificates: attribute certificates and policy certificates. Privilege management certificates are digitally signed objects that allow various policy-setting principals to govern the activities of mobile agents through selective privilege assignment, The approach overcomes a number of problems in existing agent systems and provides a means for attaining improved interoperability of agent systems designed and implemented independently by different manufacturers. The paper also describes applying the scheme to Java-based agent systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jansen, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1405-7 PY 2001 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2001.991531 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT98Z UT WOS:000174658000016 ER PT B AU Leffler, RJ Horvitz, A Livezey, R AF Leffler, RJ Horvitz, A Livezey, R GP AMS AMS TI National Weather Service cooperative observer program (CO-OP) annual report SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NWS Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Horvitz, A (reprint author), NWS Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 13208, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500001 ER PT B AU Szoke, EJ Grote, UH Kucera, PC McCaslin, PT McDonald, PA Roberts, WF AF Szoke, EJ Grote, UH Kucera, PC McCaslin, PT McDonald, PA Roberts, WF GP AMS AMS TI D3D: A potential 3D visualization tool for the National Weather Service SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, FSL, ERL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Szoke, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, FSL, ERL, R E FS1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015 OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500004 ER PT B AU Nelson, SE Rothfusz, LP AF Nelson, SE Rothfusz, LP GP AMS AMS TI Coach: Initial results from an operational performance support system at the Tulsa WFO SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. RP Nelson, SE (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, 10159 E 11th St,Suite 300, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500005 ER PT B AU Stellman, K Graschel, J AF Stellman, K Graschel, J GP AMS AMS TI Effects of using different stage III techniques on radar-derived rainfall accumulations SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, LMRFC, Slidell, LA 70460 USA. RP Stellman, K (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, LMRFC, 62300 Airport Rd, Slidell, LA 70460 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500006 ER PT B AU Buckingham, MD Nguyen, KB AF Buckingham, MD Nguyen, KB GP AMS AMS TI Application of the product availability monitoring system (PAMS) to the radar product central collection/distribution service (RPCCDS) demonstration SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Buckingham, MD (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 17470, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500008 ER PT B AU Stellman, K Kuhn, J Graschel, J AF Stellman, K Kuhn, J Graschel, J GP AMS AMS TI Developing local quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) using neural networks SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, LMRFC, Slidell, LA 70460 USA. RP Stellman, K (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, LMRFC, 62300 Airport Rd, Slidell, LA 70460 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500010 ER PT B AU LeFebvre, T Mathewson, M Hansen, T Romberg, M AF LeFebvre, T Mathewson, M Hansen, T Romberg, M GP AMS AMS TI Injecting meteorology into the GFE suite SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP LeFebvre, T (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway R-FS6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500012 ER PT B AU Hansen, T Mathewson, M LeFebvre, TJ Romberg, M AF Hansen, T Mathewson, M LeFebvre, TJ Romberg, M GP AMS AMS TI Forecast methodology using the GFE suite SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hansen, T (reprint author), NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway,R-FS6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500013 ER PT B AU Soreide, NN Overland, JE Calder, J AF Soreide, NN Overland, JE Calder, J GP AMS AMS TI Arctic Theme Page: Access to widely distributed Arctic data and information SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB The Arctic Theme Page (Fig. 1) is a comprehensive resource web site focused on high latitude studies and the Arctic. The site is interesting to the scientist as well as the general user. It is available at http://www.arctic.noaa.gov. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Soreide, NN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, Route R PMEL,7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500019 ER PT B AU Davis, D Grote, UH Biere, M AF Davis, D Grote, UH Biere, M GP AMS AMS TI Porting AWIPS to Linux SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, David Skaggs Res Ctr, Forecast Syst Lab, Off Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Davis, D (reprint author), NOAA, David Skaggs Res Ctr, Forecast Syst Lab, Off Atmospher Res, R FS4,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500024 ER PT B AU Lee, JE Cannon, JW Ronco, JA Colby, F Schoof, J Sisson, P McGill, C Edson, JB Dupigny-Giroux, LA Atkins, NT Taylor, DM Keim, B Yang, H Sawyer, C Michaels, M Tongue, JS AF Lee, JE Cannon, JW Ronco, JA Colby, F Schoof, J Sisson, P McGill, C Edson, JB Dupigny-Giroux, LA Atkins, NT Taylor, DM Keim, B Yang, H Sawyer, C Michaels, M Tongue, JS GP AMS AMS TI The New England weather observation network: A 21st century vision for environmental monitoring and science education in the New England states SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. RP Lee, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 445 Myles Standish Blvd, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 92 EP 96 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500026 ER PT B AU Saffle, RE Istok, MJ AF Saffle, RE Istok, MJ GP AMS AMS TI Nexrad open systems - Progress and plans SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saffle, RE (reprint author), 1325 East West Highway,SSMC2,Room 15142, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 97 EP 101 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500027 ER PT B AU Reed, JR Cate, G AF Reed, JR Cate, G GP AMS AMS TI Status of WSR-88D Open Radar Product Generator development and deployment SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, DOC, NWS, WSR,Operat Support Facil 88D,OSF, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Reed, JR (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, NWS, WSR,Operat Support Facil 88D,OSF, 3200 Marshall Ave, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500028 ER PT B AU Saffle, RE Blanchard, WM Istok, MJ Pickard, PK AF Saffle, RE Blanchard, WM Istok, MJ Pickard, PK GP AMS AMS TI Progress in the use of weather data from federal aviation administration (FAA) radars in combination with the WSR-88D SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saffle, RE (reprint author), 1325 East West Highway,SSMC2,Room 15152, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500029 ER PT B AU Elvander, RC Holt, SM Bumgarner, B Ice, R AF Elvander, RC Holt, SM Bumgarner, B Ice, R GP AMS AMS TI Weather surveillance radar - 1988 doppler (WSR-88D) open radar data acquisition (ORDA) enhancements SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Elvander, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 East West Highway,SSMC2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500031 ER PT B AU Diamond, HJ Miller, C AF Diamond, HJ Miller, C GP AMS AMS TI The National Environmental Data Index (NEDI): A web portal on federal environmental information resources SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Environm Informat Serv Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Diamond, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Environm Informat Serv Program Off, 1335 East West Highway,Room 7222, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500041 ER PT B AU Hankin, S AF Hankin, S GP AMS AMS TI DODS, the distributed ocean data system SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB Note: DODS is not restricted to ocean data; the name exists for historical reasons. DODS provides a way for users (researchers, educators, policy makers,...) to access scientific data anywhere on the Internet from their familiar scientific analysis and visualization programs (Matlab, IDL, Ferret, GrADS,...). By developing network versions of commonly used Application Program Interface (API) libraries; such as NetCDF, HDF, and JGOFS, the DODS project has capitalized on years of development of data analysis and display packages that use those APIs. Data servers for the Web can, in turn, be built upon DODS-enabled applications. The Live Access Server, a component of the DODS project, is an example of such a data server. DODS is a client/server architecture. A client sends requests for data to a server on the network that responds with the requested data. This is exactly the model used by the World Wide Web, where a Web browser (a client program) submits requests to Web servers that respond with Web pages (data). Of course, DODS clients can do much more than browse. Using flexible data structures to describe scientific data, the DODS servers deliver arbitrary subsets of real binary data directly to the client program in such a way that the program "believes" it is reading a local file of a familiar format. Installing a DODS server typically involves little more than an ftp file download. The DODS system was recently selected by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) to fulfill the role of Virtual Ocean Data Hub (VODHub), a single access mechanism uniting the widest possible array of oceanographic data. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hankin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500047 ER PT B AU Kihn, EA Zhizhin, M Lowe, S Siquig, R AF Kihn, EA Zhizhin, M Lowe, S Siquig, R GP AMS AMS TI The Environmental Scenario Generator SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB The Environmental Scenario Generator (ESG) is a distributed software system designed to allow a modeling and simulation customer to intelligently access distributed environmental data archives for inclusion and integration with model runs. The ESG is built to solve several key problems for the modeler. The first is to provide access to an intelligent "data mining" tool so that key environmental data can not only be retrieved and visualized but, in addition, user defined conditions can be searched for and discovered. As an example, a user modeling troop landing might want to model the result of an extreme rain event prior to deployment. Without a tool such as ESG the simulation coordinator would be required to know: For my landing region what constitutes an extreme rain? How can I find an example in the real data of when such an event occurred? What about temporal or spatial variations to my scenario such as finding the wettest week, month or year? If we consider combining these questions across multiple parameters, such as temperature, pressure, etc. and then add multiple regions and seasons the problem reveals itself to be quite daunting. The second hurdle facing a modeler who wants to include real environmental effects in the simulation is how to manage many discrete data sources. Often simulation runs face tight time deadlines and lack the manpower necessary to retrieve data from across the network, reformat it for ingest, regrid or resample it to fit the simulation parameters, then incorporate it in model runs. Even if this could be accomplished what confidence can the modeler have in the different data sources and their applicability to the current simulation without becoming an expert in each data type? The unfortunate side effect of this is that the environment is often forgotten in simulations or a single environmental database is created and "canned" to be replayed again and again in the simulation. The ESG solves this problem for the modeler by providing a 100% Java platform independent client with access to both data mining and database creation capabilities on a network distributed parallel computer cluster with the ability to perform fuzzy logic based searching on an global array of environmental parameters. The system is designed to allow the user to specify the desired spatial, temporal, and parameter conditions in fuzzy linguistic and/or numeric terms and to receive a ranked list of events best matching the desired conditions in the historical archive. Once discovered the client application can request temporal and spatial visualization products from the data, browse the climatology of the particular region and parameters selected, and request delivery of the data formatted for inclusion model runs. By providing intelligent instantaneous access to real data it ensures that the modeler is able to include realistic, reliable and detailed environments in their simulation applications. This paper will present the results of data-mining, visualization, and a domain integration tool developed in a network distributed fashion and applied to environmental modeling. C1 Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kihn, EA (reprint author), Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500049 ER PT B AU Soreide, NN Sun, CL Kilonsky, BJ Denbo, DW Zhu, WH AF Soreide, NN Sun, CL Kilonsky, BJ Denbo, DW Zhu, WH GP AMS AMS TI A Climate Data Portal SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Soreide, NN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OD, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne,Route RPMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 191 EP 193 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500051 ER PT B AU Mannarano, D Pisano, P AF Mannarano, D Pisano, P GP AMS AMS TI National surface transportation weather program partnering initiative SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Off Operat Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Mannarano, D (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Operat Syst, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500055 ER PT B AU Horel, J Splitt, M Conger, S AF Horel, J Splitt, M Conger, S GP AMS AMS TI Application of Road Weather Information Systems in the western United States SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Horel, J (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500056 ER PT B AU Melnikov, VM Doviak, RJ AF Melnikov, VM Doviak, RJ GP AMS AMS TI Spectrum width patterns SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 CIMMS, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), CIMMS, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500066 ER PT B AU Mostek, A Bachmeier, S Whittaker, T Bikos, D Motta, B Grant, B LaDue, J AF Mostek, A Bachmeier, S Whittaker, T Bikos, D Motta, B Grant, B LaDue, J GP AMS AMS TI Teletraining using VISITview SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NCAR, COMET, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Mostek, A (reprint author), NCAR, COMET, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Motta, Brian/D-7521-2015 OI Motta, Brian/0000-0002-9048-6432 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 256 EP 259 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500068 ER PT B AU Knollhoff, DS Takle, ES Gallus, WA Burkheimer, D McCauley, D AF Knollhoff, DS Takle, ES Gallus, WA Burkheimer, D McCauley, D GP AMS AMS TI A model for forecasting frost accumulation on bridge decks based on RWIS data SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; ROADS C1 NOAA, NWS, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Knollhoff, DS (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 9607 NW Beaver Dr, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 279 EP 281 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500073 ER PT B AU Saffle, RE AF Saffle, RE GP AMS AMS TI NEXRAD product improvement: Overview of NEXRAD open system plans SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB To meet the need for orderly system evolution under existing NEXRAD Change Management procedures, the NEXRAD Tri-agencies have established the NEXRAD Product Improvement (NPI) Program as a long term sub-activity of the overall NEXRAD Program. The NPI Program Management is led by the NWS Office of Science and Technology, with individual NPI projects enlisting the participation and support of all of the NEXRAD Tri-agencies. The NPI Program is currently within its fourth year, with wide participation throughout NOAA, the Air Force Weather Agency, and the Federal Aviation Administration. Significant strides have been accomplished in the organizational, management, and technical components of the NPI program. The Agencies have developed the Tri-Agency Requirements (TAR) for Operational Use of Weather Radar Data, which will guide the selection and execution of NPI projects. An acquisition strategy has been developed and approved whereby the Government will acquire and deploy the necessary components making up the Open RPG subsystem. The program, which began as an NWS funded activity, now enjoys coordinated budget planning and execution among the tri-agencies. A rewrite of the WSR-88D System Specification, which defines the technical requirements of the WSR-88D system, has been completed. The Open RPG software development, being performed by NSSL, has completed several software builds. The communications infrastructure has been redesigned to facilitate broader and more efficient dissemination of both product and base data, with prototype components of that infrastructure currently being integrated with the NSSL software components. Other Open System projects, the Open PUP and Open RDA technical efforts are also well underway, with dedicated teams established and integrated with the Open RPG team. Finally, initial development is underway on ways to utilize weather data from FAA radars to complement the WSR-88D data. Further information on this program can be found in an accompanying article in this symposium by the author [1]. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saffle, RE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, 1325 East West Highway,SSMC2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500079 ER PT B AU Carelli, MG AF Carelli, MG GP AMS AMS TI Radar products central collection/distribution service SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Carelli, MG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, W-OSO14,SSCM-2,Room 3343,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 294 EP 298 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500080 ER PT B AU Ward, JH AF Ward, JH GP AMS AMS TI Upcoming changes to NCEP numerical forecast products SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ward, JH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 307, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 301 EP 303 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500082 ER PT B AU Dittberner, GJ AF Dittberner, GJ GP AMS AMS TI NOAA's geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) program - A status report SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, OSD1, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Dittberner, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, OSD1, 5200 Auth Rd,FB4,Room 3301A, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 304 EP 306 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500083 ER PT B AU Howard, E Ellrod, G Gray, D Gurka, J AF Howard, E Ellrod, G Gray, D Gurka, J GP AMS AMS TI Goes image enhancement study - A feasibility test SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, SAO4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Howard, E (reprint author), NOAA, SAO4, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500084 ER PT B AU Hill, SM Barsness, S Lewis, LD Vickroy, J Balch, CC Muckle, A Pizzo, VJ Wilkinson, DC McClinton, AT AF Hill, SM Barsness, S Lewis, LD Vickroy, J Balch, CC Muckle, A Pizzo, VJ Wilkinson, DC McClinton, AT GP AMS AMS TI GOES M solar X-ray image availability SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB The GOES M satellite will host the first of a series of Solar X-Ray Imagers. This capability on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) will provide long-term operational images of the sun. The NOAA Space Environment Center (SEC) will use these images in its Space Weather Operations (SWO). Data will be made available to the operational user community in real-time from SEC, and to the general public in near real time from the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center website. This paper provides an overview of the image processing and data availability when the GOES M satellite is declared operational. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, SEC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hill, SM (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, SEC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 312 EP 315 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500085 ER PT B AU Augenbaum, JM Luczak, RW Legg, G AF Augenbaum, JM Luczak, RW Legg, G GP AMS AMS TI Quikscat near-real-time data processing and product generation at NOAA/NESDIS SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Augenbaum, JM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 4401 Suitland Dr,FB 4, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 324 EP 328 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500088 ER PT B AU Moore, CW Soreide, N AF Moore, CW Soreide, N GP AMS AMS TI Using immersive virtual reality to study oceanographic and atmospheric models an in-situ data SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID CIRCULATION AB The ImmersaDesk is an interactive and immersive visualization tool emerging as an important component of the scientific process because it provides unprecedented power to explore data sets and to communicate what we learn in very new ways. Interactive, animated, 3D stereographic visualizations are made including data from tsunami modeling, bio-physical modeling in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska, hydrothermal vents modeling, and El Nino demonstrations utilizing near real-time data from the tropical Pacific. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Moore, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, JISAO, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500092 ER PT B AU Schweitzer, RH AF Schweitzer, RH GP AMS AMS TI Using Java servlets and Java server pages to distirbute climate data SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, NOAA,OAR,CDC RECD1, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schweitzer, RH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, NOAA,OAR,CDC RECD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 369 EP 371 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500099 ER PT B AU Denbo, DW AF Denbo, DW GP AMS AMS TI Interactive graphics toolkit for java applications and web applets SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Denbo, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500100 ER PT B AU Zhu, WH Denbo, DW Soreide, NN AF Zhu, WH Denbo, DW Soreide, NN GP AMS AMS TI EPIC Web Browser: On-line access to large oceanographic and meteorological in-situ data sets SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zhu, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 376 EP 379 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500101 ER PT B AU Hankin, S Callahan, J Sirott, J AF Hankin, S Callahan, J Sirott, J GP AMS AMS TI The live access server and DODS: Web visualization and data fusion for distributed holdings SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB Since 1994 the Live Access Server (LAS) has been providing visualization and subsetting of multi-dimensional scientific data for Web users. This talk presents a high level overview of the capabilities of LAS version 4, a distributed "data fusion" system designed to support collaborative research. LAS is designed to be easily installed, configured, and maintained. An individual LAS site can provide access both to locally held data sets and to distributed data -- often data sets juxtaposed for purposes of comparison. Users can co-plot and difference (with regridding as required) the comparative data sets. Binary access to remote data sets is provided transparently by the Distributed Ocean Data System (DODS). An individual LAS can designate a cluster of cooperating sites as "sisters". LAS automatically configures a group of sisters to appear to users as a single (virtual) site. For example, distributed modeling sites can configure themselves as a collaborative project where all model outputs are available for comparison within a single interface. The technologies upon which the Live Access Server is built are presented in greater detail in 10.6, Inside the Live Access Server. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hankin, S (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 380 EP 382 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500102 ER PT B AU Motta, B Bikos, D Zajac, B Bachmeier, S Whittaker, T Grant, B LaDue, J Mostek, A Wolf, P Weaver, J Zehr, R AF Motta, B Bikos, D Zajac, B Bachmeier, S Whittaker, T Grant, B LaDue, J Mostek, A Wolf, P Weaver, J Zehr, R GP AMS AMS TI Recent training and results from the Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA,NESDIS,RAMM, VISIT, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Motta, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA,NESDIS,RAMM, VISIT, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 418 EP 421 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500112 ER PT B AU Brown, EB Tabor, EV Kelley, R AF Brown, EB Tabor, EV Kelley, R GP AMS AMS TI User support and operations support move to the web SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Brown, EB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, E-SP13,FB 4,Room 0234, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 422 EP 423 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500113 ER PT B AU Barazotto, R Klein, F AF Barazotto, R Klein, F GP AMS AMS TI The new national coastal data development center SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Klein, F (reprint author), Mitretek Syst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 429 EP 431 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500115 ER PT B AU Cooksey, CL AF Cooksey, CL GP AMS AMS TI Supporting the data needs of the coastal community I - Harmful algal blooms SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID FISH KILLS; PHANTOM DINOFLAGELLATE; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; ESTUARINE FISH; COMPLEX C1 NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Cooksey, CL (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 432 EP 436 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500116 ER PT B AU LeDuc, SK AF LeDuc, SK GP AMS AMS TI Supporting the data needs of the coastal community - II - Hurricane Floyd post-event SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP LeDuc, SK (reprint author), NERL, AMD, MD-80, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500117 ER PT B AU Curnow, FB Wakefield, JS AF Curnow, FB Wakefield, JS GP AMS AMS TI Managing national datasets for AWIPS SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, W OST, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Curnow, FB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, W OST, 1325 E-W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 444 EP 446 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500119 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KB AF Nguyen, KB GP AMS AMS TI Product availability monitoring system (PAMS) use during the AWIPS commissioning process SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Nguyen, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 17456, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500120 ER PT B AU Haggerty, P Sprietzer, K Legg, G Luczak, R AF Haggerty, P Sprietzer, K Legg, G Luczak, R GP AMS AMS TI The NOAA modis/near-real-time system SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, IPD, Fed Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Haggerty, P (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, IPD, Fed Ctr, FB-4,RM 0303,4401 Suitland Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500121 ER PT B AU Facundo, J AF Facundo, J GP AMS AMS TI Use of the AWIPS commissioning homepage as a productivity tool SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Facundo, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 16236, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 456 EP 459 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500122 ER PT B AU Facundo, J AF Facundo, J GP AMS AMS TI Final update on AWIPS commissioning/legacy system decommissioning SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Facundo, J (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 16236, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 460 EP 462 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500123 ER PT B AU Zhu, WH Denbo, DW AF Zhu, WH Denbo, DW GP AMS AMS TI Epic database management using MySQL SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zhu, WH (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500124 ER PT B AU Denbo, DW AF Denbo, DW GP AMS AMS TI NCBROWSE: A graphical netCDF file browser SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, PMEL, OCRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Denbo, DW (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, OCRD, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500127 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KB Buckingham, MD AF Nguyen, KB Buckingham, MD GP AMS AMS TI Recent advances in product availability monitoring system (PAMS) SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Nguyen, KB (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 17456, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 477 EP 480 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500128 ER PT B AU Mock, DR AF Mock, DR GP AMS AMS TI Implementing the NOAA "center of data" concept at the climate diagnostics center SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mock, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 483 EP 485 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500130 ER PT B AU Nguyen, KB Griffin, GE Glotfelty, DM Ellis, TL AF Nguyen, KB Griffin, GE Glotfelty, DM Ellis, TL GP AMS AMS TI Recent updates and OT&E results for the alphanumeric backup replacement system (ANBURS) SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Nguyen, KB (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Highway,Room 17456, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 486 EP 489 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500131 ER PT B AU Diamond, HJ AF Diamond, HJ GP AMS AMS TI Status of the US national global climate observing system (GCOS) program SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Diamond, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1335 East West Highway,Room 7222, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BV02Z UT WOS:000177651500134 ER PT B AU Suehle, JS Vogel, EM Edelstein, MD Richter, CA Nguyen, NV Levin, I Kaiser, DL Wu, H Bernstein, JB AF Suehle, JS Vogel, EM Edelstein, MD Richter, CA Nguyen, NV Levin, I Kaiser, DL Wu, H Bernstein, JB BE Engelhardt, M Hook, T Gabriel, CT TI Challenges of high-kappa gate dielectrics for future MOS devices SO 2001 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PLASMA- AND PROCESS-INDUCED DAMAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Plasma- and Process-Induced Damage (P2ID) CY MAY 13-15, 2001 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; STABILITY; OXIDES; CURRENTS; MOSFETS; SILICON; HAFNIUM; IMPACT C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Suehle, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER PI SUNNYVALE PA 150 W IOWA AVE SUITE 104, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA BN 0-9651577-5-X PY 2001 BP 90 EP 93 DI 10.1109/PPID.2001.929986 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BS44W UT WOS:000169876700023 ER PT S AU Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T Morgan, AB Harris, RH Brassell, L Awad, WH Davis, RD Chyall, L Sutto, T Trulove, PC DeLong, H AF Gilman, JW Kashiwagi, T Morgan, AB Harris, RH Brassell, L Awad, WH Davis, RD Chyall, L Sutto, T Trulove, PC DeLong, H BE Repecka, L Saremi, FF TI Recent advances in flame retardant polymer nanocomposites SO 2001: A MATERIALS AND PROCESSES ODYSSEY, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL SAMPE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE nanocomposites; nylons; process evaluation; layered clay ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; FLAMMABILITY AB In October of 1998 a NIST-industrial consortium was formed to study the flammability of polymer-clay nanocomposites. The focus of research within this consortium was to develop a fundamental understanding of the fire retardant (FR) mechanism of these unique materials. We report here on some of the results of the first year of this study; we focus our discussions on the results for polystyrene (PS), and we also report on our efforts to address the issue of processing stability through the use of new NMR techniques and the development of new thermally stable imidazolium. and crown-ether-treated clays. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA SN 0892-2624 BN 0-938994-90-5 J9 INT SAMPE TECH CONF PY 2001 VL 46 BP 2147 EP 2158 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS96V UT WOS:000171526800190 ER PT B AU Stricklett, KL Baker-Jarvis, JR AF Stricklett, KL Baker-Jarvis, JR GP IEEE IEEE TI Electrode effects revisited SO 2001 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 14-17, 2001 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID POLARIZATION AB Electrode effects are often observed as an instrumental artifact associated with measurements of electrical permittivity at low frequencies. Such effects introduce a polarization capacity, C-p, associated with the interface between the electrode and the material under test. This polarization capacity follows a fractional power law dependence on frequency, such that C-p proportional to omega (-alpha), where omega is the frequency and a is a function of frequency with values below 1/2. The possibility that such a power law dependence may be attributed to coupling between the applied electric field and the free charge in the Debye layer is examined. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stricklett, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce Technol Adm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7053-8 PY 2001 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2001.963505 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BT18U UT WOS:000172225000029 ER PT B AU Baker-Jarvis, J AF Baker-Jarvis, J GP IEEE IEEE TI RF materials characterization metrology at NBS/NIST: Past and recent work, future directions and challenges SO 2001 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 14-17, 2001 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID PERMITTIVITY; RESONATOR AB We summarize the RF materials characterization programs at NBS/NIST. We also project what we believe will be the most important measurement problems for the future. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7053-8 PY 2001 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2001.963535 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BT18U UT WOS:000172225000060 ER PT B AU Obrzut, J Noda, N Nozaki, R AF Obrzut, J Noda, N Nozaki, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Broadband dielectric metrology for polymer composite films SO 2001 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 14-17, 2001 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB We evaluated the dielectric permittivity and relaxation in polymer composite films filled with ferroelectric ceramics. Such materials are currently being developed for power-ground decoupling in electronic circuits operating at microwave frequencies. In order to extend the measurements to the microwave range, we developed an appropriate expression for the input admittance of a thin film capacitance terminating a coaxial line. The theoretical model treats the capacitance as a distributed network and correlates the network scattering parameter with complex permittivity of the specimen. The method eliminates the systematic uncertainties of the lumped element approximations and is suitable for high frequency characterization of low impedance substrates with high value of the dielectric constant. The complex permittivity was measured at frequencies of 100 Hz to 10 GHz for films 100 mum thick, having the dielectric constant of 4 to 40, and was fitted to a dielectric model expressed as a combination of Havriliak-Negami functions. An intrinsic high frequency relaxation process has been identified. It was found that the position of the loss peak depends on the relaxation of polymer matrix, while its magnitude is amplified by the permittivity of the ferroelectric component. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7053-8 PY 2001 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2001.963536 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BT18U UT WOS:000172225000061 ER PT B AU Suehle, JS AF Suehle, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Metrology development at NIST for characterizing wear-out and reliability of thin gate dielectrics SO 2001 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 14-17, 2001 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID BREAKDOWN; OXIDES AB The effect known as Time-Dependent-Dielectric-Breakdown (TDDB) occurs when thin gate silicon dioxide (SiO2) films catastrophically break down without warning during normal operation. Recently, the reliability of gate oxides has become a critical concern as the thickness of the gate oxide is reduced. Thinner films result in higher gate electric fields and direct tunneling currents passing through the gate dielectric advancing dielectric wear-out and device failure. NIST has played a key role in conducting experiments to validate the physical models of dielectric breakdown. NIST also leads standards organizations in developing new test procedures used during production monitoring and process qualification to characterize the integrity and reliability of ultra-thin gate oxides. In this paper, metrology issues relating to the reliability testing and lifetime projection of thin gate oxides will be discussed as well as the role of NIST in the development of metrology for a new generation of advanced gate dielectric materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Suehle, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7053-8 PY 2001 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2001.963537 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BT18U UT WOS:000172225000062 ER PT B AU FitzPatrick, GJ Simmon, ED AF FitzPatrick, GJ Simmon, ED GP IEEE IEEE TI High voltage and current metrology at NIST. Precision measurements of the past, present, and the future. SO 2001 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 14-17, 2001 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB The accurate measurement of high voltages and currents is vital to monitoring power flows in electric power systems, metering electric power and energy, and, of course, to characterizing the behavior of electrical insulation. NIST has been making precision electrical measurements since its inception a century ago. This paper discusses metrology that is now used or under development at NIST for ac and pulse high voltages and currents. The compensated current comparator is at the heart of most precision ac measurements made at NIST because it offers the greatest sensitivity and lowest measurement uncertainty even today, some forty years after its development. It is used for characterizing ac high voltage and current transformers in terms of their ratio and phase angles, and also for capacitor ratio measurements. Precision ac high voltage dividers with active electronic compensation have also been recently developed. Measurement systems utilizing the magneto-optic Faraday effect are now being developed for both ac and pulsed currents. The basic principles of these devices and systems, their practical limitations, and measurement uncertainties are discussed in this paper. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP FitzPatrick, GJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7053-8 PY 2001 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2001.963538 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BT18U UT WOS:000172225000063 ER PT B AU Olthoff, JK Christophorou, LG AF Olthoff, JK Christophorou, LG GP IEEE IEEE TI A brief history of gaseous dielectrics research at NIST SO 2001 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 14-17, 2001 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID SF6; CORONA AB Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have investigated gaseous dielectrics for more than 20 years. Significant technical accomplishments in this area include a detailed understanding of the physics and chemistry of corona-induced decomposition of SF6, the determination of important collisional cross sections for dielectric gases, the development of conditional detection techniques for partial discharges, and assessment of potential replacement gases for SF6. These and other research areas will be highlighted in this brief history of gaseous dielectrics research at NIST. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Olthoff, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7053-8 PY 2001 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2001.963539 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA BT18U UT WOS:000172225000064 ER PT S AU Stieren, DC AF Stieren, DC GP IEEE IEEE TI The NIST MEL: Assisting aerospace manufacturing through measurements and standards SO 2001 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 10-17, 2001 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The research. measurement and standards activities of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, (NIST) are summarized, especially as they relate to aerospace manufacturing. NIST is a non-regulatory agency of the U.S. Department of Cornmerce's Technology Administration that was established in 1901 as the National Bureau of Standards. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stieren, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8202, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-6599-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2001 BP 3655 EP 3660 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT34X UT WOS:000172696700371 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Camps, O Sznaier, M AF Gentile, C Camps, O Sznaier, M BE Jacobs, A Baldwin, T TI Segmentation for robust tracking in the presence of severe occlusion SO 2001 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY DEC 08-14, 2001 CL KAUAI, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; MOTION; CLASSIFICATION AB Tracking an object in a sequence of images can fail due to partial occlusion or clutter Robustness can be increased by tracking a set of "parts", provided that a suitable set can be identified. In this paper we propose a novel segmentation, specifically designed to improve robustness against occlusion in the context of tracking. The main result shows that tracking the parts resulting from this segmentation outperforms both tracking parts obtained through traditional segmentations, and tracking the entire target. Additional results include a statistical analysis of the correlation between features of a part and tracking error, and identifying a cost function highly correlated with the tracking error. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7695-1272-0 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2001 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX22K UT WOS:000184694400070 ER PT B AU Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Weil, CM Taylor, M O'Hara, TJ AF Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Weil, CM Taylor, M O'Hara, TJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Efficient and accurate testing of an emc compliance chamber using an ultrawideband measurement system SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE anechoic chamber; ferrite tile; figure of merit; performance metric; site attenuation; time-domain; ultrawideband; vector network analyzer AB This paper summarizes a joint NIST-Industry measurement effort. The purpose of this effort was to use a NIST-developed ultrawideband measurement system to assess the performance improvement of ferrite tile anechoic chamber after a partial retrofit. Measurements were performed in the 30-1200 MHz frequency range before and after treatments were applied and excellent results were obtained. The system exhibited good sensitivity and the results highlight the effects of various retrofitting treatments. The effort also demonstrates that the NIST ultra wideband system is an efficient tool for the evaluation for both current and proposed anechoic EMC compliance test chambers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2001.950642 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500058 ER PT B AU Booth, JC Holloway, CL Kuester, EF AF Booth, JC Holloway, CL Kuester, EF GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling linear and nonlinear inductive effects in superconducting planar circuits SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc ID CONDUCTOR LOSS; EXPRESSIONS; INDUCTANCE; FILMS AB Superconducting planar circuits possess properties that can be very different from their normal-metal counterparts, which makes modeling efforts more complicated for superconducting components. In this paper we present closed-form expressions for the resistance and internal inductance per unit length of superconducting planar transmission lines in terms of the relevant material parameters. We also include a simple calculation of the nonlinear response of superconducting devices based on a current-dependent superconducting penetration depth. Taken together, these two descriptions can be used to predict the linear and nonlinear response of superconducting planar devices in a manner that is conducive to use in circuit design. The results of these calculations compare well with 76 K measurements of coplanar waveguide transmission lines and resonators fabricated from thin films of the high T-c superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 594 EP 599 DI 10.1109/ISEMC.2001.950711 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500116 ER PT B AU Wilson, P Koepke, G Ladbury, J Holloway, CL AF Wilson, P Koepke, G Ladbury, J Holloway, CL GP IEEE IEEE TI Emission and immunity standards: Replacing field-at-a-distance measurements with total-radiated-power measurements SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc ID REVERBERATION CHAMBER AB This paper examines the use of total radiated power measurements, combined with theory-based directivity estimates, to generate accurate estimates for the maximum radiation and reception from a device. This approach may be a useful alternative to present test methods for emission and immunity as frequencies above I GHz become necessary for EMC standards. Radiation-pattern data for theory-based estimates, Monte Carlo simulations of an arbitrary device, and measurements on a sample device are presented, and good data agreement is demonstrated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 964 EP 969 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500191 ER PT B AU Novotny, DR Johnk, RT Ondrejka, A AF Novotny, DR Johnk, RT Ondrejka, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Analyzing broadband, free-field, absorber measurements SO 2001 IEEE EMC INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 13-17, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE RF; compliance; absorber; ferrite; reflection AB We present and analyze a method for free-field evaluation of broadband absorber in a non-ideal testing environment. Using broadband, short-impulse TEM horns, a frequency-rich spectrum (equivalent pulse length < 0.5 ns) illuminates a sample of the material under test and the reflections are recorded. Unwanted reflections from the sample edges, room environment, antenna and other systematic events are mathematically removed by a combination of time gating, background subtraction and systematic deconvolution. The result is an estimate of the reflection characteristics of the center at the sample. We also present an uncertainty analysis of the measurement technique. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Novotny, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6569-0 PY 2001 BP 1152 EP 1157 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT07Y UT WOS:000171881500229 ER PT B AU Golmie, N Mouveaux, F AF Golmie, N Mouveaux, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Interference in the 2.4 GHz ISM band: Impact on the bluetooth access control performance SO 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-10, CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP IEEE, IEEE Communicat Soc, Globe Com DE WPANs; bluctooth; interference AB Bluetooth is a radio technology operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM frequency band, that Is emerging as a low-level and low-power wireless communication protocol used for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) where proximal devices can share Information and resources. In this paper, we quantify the performance of the Bluetooth access control layer when the radio Is operating in close proximity to a WLAN system. We use a probability analysis approach to derive the packet error for Bluetooth. The analytical results are validated using detailed simulation models for an interference scenario consisting of Bluetooth and WLAN devices. Packet loss Is obtained for voice and data traffic for different interference conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7097-1 PY 2001 BP 2540 EP 2545 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT50Q UT WOS:000173159000482 ER PT S AU Greenhouse, L AF Greenhouse, L BE Sigmon, B TI NIST: Responding to basic needs, responding to special needs SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was established by an Act of Congress in 1901 as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). It was charged with serving the Nation's science and industry by establishing and maintaining the fundamental standards of science and related instrumentation and measurement methods and by providing calibration services and determinations of the properties and physical constants of materials. Work done by NBS in radio, aircraft, optical glass manufacture, and to facilitate industrial standardization established a pattern for NBS/NIST of mobilizing its scientific talent in response to national needs in times of crisis or challenge. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Greenhouse, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 841 EP 844 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500196 ER PT S AU Friday, DS AF Friday, DS BE Sigmon, B TI Radio-frequency metrology from NBS to NIST: The legacy SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS AB We review a century of radio metrology research and development in the U.S. that paralleled the birth and evolution of radio/wireless and other electromagnetic technologies. The interplay between the scientific and technological advances and the research, measurement and standards development programs at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS)) was a factor that facilitated both commercialization of products and implementation of systems for the public benefit. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Friday, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 845 EP 848 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500197 ER PT S AU Sullivan, DB AF Sullivan, DB BE Sigmon, B TI Primary frequency standards at NIST SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS ID LASER AB The development of primary frequency standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is traced, and I describe three generations of atomic frequency standards: cesium-beam standards, cesium-fountain standards, and stored-ion standards. The uncertainty of the present NIST frequency standard is 1.7 parts in 10(15) but the prospects for substantial improvement are high. Finally, the uncertainties of the most recent NIST standards are displayed relative to the uncertainties of standards of several other countries. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sullivan, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 849 EP 852 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500198 ER PT S AU Hamilton, CA Benz, SP AF Hamilton, CA Benz, SP BE Sigmon, B TI Broadband Josephson voltage standards SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS ID AC AB A Josephson junction is a perfect frequency-to-voltage converter, that is, V = f / KJ-90 where KJ-90 = 483597.9 GHz/V. This unique property has been used to convert a narrow band (1 Hz) 75 GHz reference frequency to a de voltage standard. Josephson standards use arrays of thousands of junctions to raise the voltage to 10 V. More recently, the broadband capability of Josephson devices is being exploited at NIST to create a new ac voltage standard. In this case, the Josephson junction is a pulse generator that can be triggered at frequencies from de to 20 GHz, and that produces short (similar to50 ps) voltage pulses with a time integral of exactly 1/KJ-90. A delta-sigma algorithm with a high oversampling ratio is used to define a digital pulse sequence for any desired output waveform. The sequence is programmed into a digital code generator that triggers the Josephson device. The result is a replication of the desired waveform with a time-dependent amplitude that is exactly calculable from a knowledge of the pulse code, the sampling frequency, and the number of Josephson junctions in the array. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hamilton, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500199 ER PT S AU Kelley, MH AF Kelley, MH BE Sigmon, B TI The electronic kilogram SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS ID CONSTANT AB The kilogram is the only remaining base unit in the International System of Units (SI) whose definition is based on a single physical artifact rather than on fundamental properties of nature. Effects such as environmental contamination or material loss from surface cleaning are causing the "true" mass of the International Prototype Kilogram to drift (by about 0.5 mug per year), relative to sister prototypes. The equivalence of electrical and mechanical power provides a possible alternate measurement of mass in terms of other units that are based on fundamental quantum mechanical principles, such as the speed of light, the Josephson voltage, and the quantum Hall resistance. This provides a possible time-invariant definition of mass. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelley, MH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 857 EP 860 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500200 ER PT S AU Weil, CM Riddle, BF Novotny, DR Johnk, RT AF Weil, CM Riddle, BF Novotny, DR Johnk, RT BE Sigmon, B TI Modal cutoff in coaxial transmission lines of conical and cylindrical geometries SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS AB We present numerical data on normalized cutoff wavelength versus cone half-angle for the first three higher order TEm1 modes, as well as four other modes of interest, in conical coaxial transmission lines (the "co-conical" line). These are given as a function of the ratio of outer-to-inner cone half-angles (proportional to line impedance) for outer cone half-angles of 10 and 22.5 degrees. Results were compared to those for the coaxial transmission line of cylindrical geometry and found to be qualitatively similar. C1 NIST, Radio Frequency Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weil, CM (reprint author), NIST, Radio Frequency Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 1229 EP 1232 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500286 ER PT S AU Williams, DF Hale, PD Clement, TS Morgan, JM AF Williams, DF Hale, PD Clement, TS Morgan, JM BE Sigmon, B TI Calibrating electro-optic sampling systems SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS ID WAVE AB We apply frequency-domain impedance mismatch corrections to a temporal electro-optic sampling system and use it to characterize the magnitude and phase response of a photoreceiver that is physically far removed from the point where the voltage waveforms are measured. We identify and evaluate additional sources of measurement uncertainty. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 1527 EP 1530 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500358 ER PT S AU Remley, KA DeGroot, DC Jargon, JA Gupta, KC AF Remley, KA DeGroot, DC Jargon, JA Gupta, KC BE Sigmon, B TI A method to compare vector nonlinear network analyzers SO 2001 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 20-25, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, MTTS ID ACCURATE AB We address the difficult problem of determining measurement consistency between two vector nonlinear network analyzers, a new class of stimulus-response instruments that acquire multiharmonic waveform data instead of normalized network parameters. We develop a set of nonlinear verification devices and a method to compare the systems, and then demonstrate that measurements from three different nonlinear network analyzers are consistent to within 1.3% of the amplitude of the applied stimulus signal. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-6713-8 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2001 BP 1667 EP 1670 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BU13J UT WOS:000175125500390 ER PT B AU Rasmussen, C AF Rasmussen, C GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Joint likelihood methods for mitigating visual tracking disturbances SO 2001 IEEE WORKSHOP ON MULTI-OBJECT TRACKING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Multi-Object Tracking CY JUL 08, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB We describe a framework that explicitly reasons about data association and combines estimates to improve tracking performance in many difficult visual environments. This work extends two previously reported algorithms: the PDAF, which handles single-target tracking tasks involving agile motions and clutter, and the JPDAF, which shares information between multiple same-modality trackers (such as homogeneous regions, textured regions, or snakes). The capabilities of these methods are improved in two steps: first, by a Joint Likelihood Filter that allows mixed tracker modalities when tracking several objects and accommodates overlaps robustly. A second technique, the Constrained Joint Likelihood Filter tracks complex objects as conjunctions of cues that are diverse both geometrically (e.g., parts) and qualitatively (e.g., attributes). Rigid and hinge constraints between part trackers and multiple descriptive attributes for individual parts render the whole object more distinctive, reducing susceptibility to mistracking. The generality of our approach allows for easy application to different target types, and it is flexibly defined for straightforward incorporation of other modalities. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM crasmuss@nist.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1171-6 PY 2001 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1109/MOT.2001.937983 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT40E UT WOS:000172901000009 ER PT B AU Hefner, A Berning, D McNutt, T Mantooth, A Lai, J Singh, R AF Hefner, A Berning, D McNutt, T Mantooth, A Lai, J Singh, R GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Characterization and modeling of silicon-carbide power devices SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hefner, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Lai, Jihsheng/0000-0003-2315-8460 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7432-0 PY 2001 BP 568 EP 571 DI 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984581 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU17Z UT WOS:000175261300152 ER PT B AU Bennett, HS AF Bennett, HS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A systematic approach for multidimensional, closed-form analytic modeling: Mobilities and effective intrinsic carrier concentrations in p-type Ga1-xAlxAs SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 01) CY DEC 05-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, USA, Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Lab, NASA, Univ Maryland, Elect & Comp Engn Dept ID GALLIUM ALUMINUM ARSENIDE; MINORITY ELECTRON AB The changes in carrier densities of states, band structures, mobilities, and effective intrinsic carrier concentrations 4, due to high concentration effects of dopants; and carriers have been calculated for acceptor densities that span the Mott transition between 10(16)cm(-3) and 10(20)cm(-3) in p-type Ga(1-x)A(x)As. The theoretical results show that 1) a relative minimum exists in the minority mobility for p-type Ga1-xAlxAs as a function of acceptor density and 2) the n(ie) values differ by as much as a factor of 2.5 from the intrinsic carrier concentration denoted by A. In contrasts many commercial device simulators assume that 1) minority mobilities are monotonically decreasing functions of dopant densities and 2) n(ie) values are essentially equal to A. in GaAs. Because the Mott transition in p-type. Ga1-xAlxAs occurs near doping densities typically used in the bases of microwave and millimeter wave HBT linear power amplifiers; these results are of technological significance for mobile wireless communications systems and suggest alternative design strategies for improving the performance of HBTs. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), NIST, 10 Bur Dr MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7432-0 PY 2001 BP 618 EP 621 DI 10.1109/ISDRS.2001.984595 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU17Z UT WOS:000175261300166 ER PT S AU Gaitan, M AF Gaitan, M GP SPIE SPIE TI Overview on CMOS MEMS fabrication techniques and applications SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Microelectronics CY OCT 09-11, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc, SPIE ID SILICON; TRANSMISSION; TECHNOLOGY AB An overview for the monolithic integration of microelectronics with MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) in standard CMOS technology is presented. The approach is based on designing glass passivation openings in the integrated circuit that expose the silicon substrate. The MEMS structures are micromachined by wet or dry silicon micromachining as a post-process to the standard CMOS process. This approach to MEMS fabrication can be implemented directly through any CMOS foundry; however, it is formally supported by the MOSIS service and NIST. Applications based on this method are presented including microheating elements, passing microwave elements, and test structures to evaluate the mechanical properties of the thin films used in the IC process. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Microelectromech Syst Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaitan, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Microelectromech Syst Project, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4317-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4587 BP 1 EP 6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT85F UT WOS:000174225600001 ER PT S AU Harman, GG Johnson, CE AF Harman, GG Johnson, CE GP SPIE SPIE TI Wire bonding to advanced copper-low-K integrated circuits, the metal/dielectric stacks, and materials considerations SO 2001 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Microelectronics CY OCT 09-11, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc, SPIE DE wire bonding; copper; LoK; bondability; thin film; polymer; diffusion barriers AB There are three areas to consider when designing/implementing wire bonding to advanced ULSI damascene-copper chips having copper metallization and low dielectric-constant polymers imbedded beneath them (Cu/LoK). These are: (1) The Copper-Pad Top-Surface Oxidation Inhibitor Coating-metal /organic/ inorganic. (Current work involves evaluating the metal and inorganic options): (2) The Low Dielectric Constant Materials Available, and (3) Under-Pad Metal/Polymer Stacks & Support Structures necessary for bondability and reliability. There are also various polymer/metallurgical interactions (resulting in long term packaged-device reliability problems) that can occur as the result of the wire bonding process over low modulus, LoK, materials with barriers. These include cracked diffusion barriers, copper diffusion into the LoK polymers, cracking/spalling/crazing of the LoK materials, and bond pad indentation ("cupping"). Low-K polymer materials, with high expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivities, can also increase the stress and further extend any existing, damage to barriers. Many of the above problems have previously been encountered when bonding to pads over polymers (MCM-D, polymer buildup-layers on PCBs, PBGAs, flex circuits, etc.), and they share some of the same solutions. Well-designed LoK and the underpad structures should have no negative effect on bonding parameters and be invisible to the bonding process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.harman@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4317-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4587 BP 484 EP 491 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT85F UT WOS:000174225600083 ER PT B AU Golmie, N Chevrollier, N AF Golmie, N Chevrollier, N GP IEEE IEEE TI Techniques to improve Blueooth performance in interference environments SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE DE Bluetooth; interference; power control; MAC scheduling AB Bluetooth is a radio technology for Wireless Personal Area Networks operating it? the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Since both Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 devices use the same frequency band and may likely come together in a laptop or may be close together at a desktop, interference may lead to significant performance degradation. The main goal of this paper is to propose solutions to the interference problem consisting of power control adjustments and scheduling policies to be implemented by the Bluetooth device. Simulation results are given for selected scenarios and configurations of interest. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 581 EP 585 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600107 ER PT B AU Pallot, X Miller, LE AF Pallot, X Miller, LE GP IEEE IEEE TI Implementing message priority policies over an 802.11 based mobile ad hoc network SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE ID THROUGHPUT; CHANNELS AB In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) for military or emergency applications, it is required to give priority to certain messages or message sources. In this paper, mechanisms are considered for implementing priority treatment of packets in a MANET using the DSR ad hoc network multihop routing protocol based on modifying an IEEE 802.11 MAC layer operating in the distributed mode. The mechanisms include queuing in order of priority and several methods for giving higher priority messages an advantage in contending for channel access, Simulation results are given for OPNET models of these schemes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pallot, X (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 860 EP 864 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600157 ER PT B AU Van Dyck, RE Miller, LE AF Van Dyck, RE Miller, LE GP IEEE IEEE TI Distributed sensor processing over an ad hoc wireless network: Simulation framework and performance criteria SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE DE ad hoc networks; MANET; sensor networks; self-organization AB The evaluation of existing and future distributed sensor processing system concepts can be done well using simulation, provided that the simulation is faithful in representing both the medium in which the sensors interface with the phenomena that they measure or detect and the medium in which the sensors interface with each other to achieve a distributed mode of operation. In this paper, performance criteria for distributed sensor processing over ad hoc wireless networks are stated and an architecture for analysis and simulation of this kind of system is described. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vandyck@antd.nist.gov; LMiller@antd.nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 894 EP 898 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600162 ER PT B AU Galtier, V Mills, K Carlinet, Y Bush, S Kulkarni, A AF Galtier, V Mills, K Carlinet, Y Bush, S Kulkarni, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Predicting resource demand in heterogeneous active networks SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB Recent research, such as the Active Virtual Network Management Prediction (AVNMP) system, aims to use simulation models running ahead of real time to predict resource demand among network nodes. If accurate, such predictions can be used to allocate network capacity and to estimate quality of service. Future deployment of active-network technology promises to complicate prediction algorithms because each "active" message can convey its own processing logic, which introduces variable demand for processor (CPU) cycles. This paper describes a means to augment AVNMP,which predicts message load among active-network nodes, with adaptive models that can predict the CPU time required for each "active" message at any active-network node. Typical CPU models cannot adapt to heterogeneity among nodes. This paper shows improvement in AVNMP performance when adaptive CPU models replace more traditional non-adaptive CPU models. Incorporating adaptive CPU models can enable AVNMP to predict active-network resource usage farther into the future, and lowers prediction overhead. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Galtier, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Bush, Stephen/0000-0002-3223-865X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 905 EP 909 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600164 ER PT B AU Gharavi, H AF Gharavi, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Video transmission for third generation mobile communication systems SO 2001 MILCOM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATIONS FOR NETWORK-CENTRIC OPERATIONS: CREATING THE INFORMATION FORCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2001) CY OCT 28-31, 2001 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE, ComSoc, AFCEA, EDS, MITRE AB This paper presents a method of transmitting video over the cdma2000 mobile system. In this method, the video bit-stream after splitting, is transmitted via the supplemental channels of the cdma2000 reverse link. The method takes advantage of the direct spread multiplexing structure of the supplemental channels to transmit divided video at differing priority classes. This is accomplished by adopting the relative gain adjustment strategy, where the most error sensitive video information is transmitted via a channel with higher power: The most challenging aspect of this investigation has been to maintain full compatibility, with the cdma2000 standard. In particular, for the reverse link where the power allocation is tightly controlled, this strategy has been successfully deployed by taking advantage of the flexibility of its link budget. Finally, we will demonstrate that this strategy can result in a significantly higher quality of the reconstructed video data when transmitted over time-varying multipath fading of IMT-2000 channels. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7225-5 PY 2001 BP 1146 EP 1151 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BV22G UT WOS:000178199600211 ER PT S AU Flater, D Morris, KC AF Flater, D Morris, KC GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Harmonized conformance testing for Product Data Managers SO 25TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE & APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2001) CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Product Data Management (PDM) systems are gaining importance as central databases used for enterprise integration in the manufacturing domain. Multiple standards and standards-track specifications already, exist for PDM, including the PDM Enablers standard from the Object Management Group (R)* and the "PDM Schema" derived from ISO 10303, the ISO Standard for Exchange of Product model data. In the interest of testability and standards harmonization, we developed a "harmonized" testing approach that allowed test scenarios defined for one specification to be combined with test data defined for the other. The resulting tests could be realized with approximate semantic equivalence in both contexts, and the resulting lessons about testability, are now having an impact on standards development. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Flater, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 0-7695-1372-7 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2001 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1109/CMPSAC.2001.960597 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT20L UT WOS:000172264100007 ER PT B AU Marks, RB Hebner, RE AF Marks, RB Hebner, RE BE Schoechle, TD Wagner, CB TI Government activity to increase benefits from the global standards system SO 2ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON STANDARDIZATION AND INNOVATION IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT 2001) CY OCT 03-06, 2001 CL UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, BOULDER, CO SP Univ Edinburgh, RWTH Aarchen, IEEE, NIST, CableLabs, Sun Microsyst, Ericsson HO UNIV COLORADO BOULDER AB In this paper, we review the factors influencing the evolution of the global standards system. We then discuss some of the approaches that governments have taken or are exploring in order to modify the system for the benefit of domestic and worldwide economic development. We use as an example an effort of the U.S. National Institute Of Standards and Technology to encourage voluntary consensus standards for interoperable broadband wireless access systems. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Marks, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9817-3 PY 2001 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1109/SIIT.2001.968568 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BU24T UT WOS:000175459400018 ER PT S AU Siewert, TA Balzar, D McCowan, CN AF Siewert, TA Balzar, D McCowan, CN GP IEEE IEEE TI Nondestructive detection of intermetallics in solder joints by high energy x-ray diffraction SO 51ST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc ID FATIGUE AB X-ray diffraction permits direct and identification of crystallographic phases, although conventional low-energy beams penetrate to a depth of only several micrometers. A high-energy x-ray beam (up to 320 keV) easily penetrates through a circuit board and the attached devices, permitting the identification of any intermetallic layers in the interior. Because the diffraction intensity is proportional to the concentration, this method might also assess the relative concentration of the intermetallics and thus develop some estimate of their effect on the package reliability. However, the combination of conventional x-ray diffraction concepts with a high-energy beam has not been utilized to a full extent yet, and so merits further investigation. We have demonstrated the concept on some simple specimens that we prepared in our laboratory. Through the presentation of this report, we hope to contact other researchers who are studying fracture through these intermetallics. We would like to evaluate our testbed system on a range of actual industrial intermetallic specimens over the next few years. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Siewert, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-7038-4 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2001 BP 1307 EP 1311 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BS31N UT WOS:000169430500218 ER PT S AU Siewert, TA Smith, DR Liu, S Madeni, JC AF Siewert, TA Smith, DR Liu, S Madeni, JC GP IEEE IEEE TI Database on lead-free solders SO 51ST ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB The worldwide movement in the electronics industry to replace lead-tin eutectic solders with lead-free solders creates a need for critical data on the industry's new lead-free solder compositions for these design and reliability models. Our team is working with the NEMI Lead-free Alloy Task Group to develop a comprehensive database. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Siewert, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-7038-4 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2001 BP 1312 EP 1314 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BS31N UT WOS:000169430500219 ER PT B AU Kreider, KG Allen, DW Chen, DH DeWitt, DP Meyer, CW Tsai, BK AF Kreider, KG Allen, DW Chen, DH DeWitt, DP Meyer, CW Tsai, BK BE DeWitt, DP Gelpey, J Lojek, B Nenyei, Z TI Effects of wafer emissivity on lightpipe radiometry in RTP tools SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS - RTP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors CY SEP 25-29, 2001 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, RIP ID THERMOCOUPLES AB We investigated the effect of different silicon wafer emissivities and the effect of low emissivity films on rapid thermal processing (RTP) wafer temperature measurements using lightpipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs). These tests were performed in the NIST RTP test bed. We used a NIST thin-film thermocouple (TFTC) calibration wafer to calibrate the LPRTs in situ. The measurements of LPRTs viewing An and Pt thin-film spots in the center of the wafer were compared to LPRT radiance temperature readings that viewed bare Si/SiO2. We fotmd differences of up to 36 degreesC at 900 degreesC in the LPRT measurements due to the low emissivity films. A model of the wafer temperature measurement is presented to provide an insight into the effects of wafer emissivity on LPRT measurements in RTP tools. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kreider, KG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-9638251-0-4 PY 2001 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1109/RTP.2001.1013761 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BV51K UT WOS:000179201900021 ER PT J AU Danos, M Rafelski, J AF Danos, M Rafelski, J TI Baryon-rich quark-gluon plasma in nuclear collisions SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE formation of quark-gluon plasma; relativistic heavy-ion collisions; thermal and statistical models of nuclear reactions ID FRAGMENTATION; RADIATION; REGION AB The maximum achievable temperature (energy density) and minimum kinetic energy required for the formation of a baryon-rich quark-gluon plasma formed at central rapidity in small impact parameter nuclear collisions is estimated. A possible mechanism leading to the pile-up of matter is introduced. Plasma formation is expected to appear at about 15 GeV/Nucleon uranium beam energy on a stationary target or 2.7 GeV/Nucleon in colliding beams. C1 Natl Bur Stand, Washington, DC 20234 USA. Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Danos, M (reprint author), Natl Bur Stand, Washington, DC 20234 USA. RI Rafelski, Johann/E-4678-2013 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 120 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.11 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500011 ER PT J AU Kieu, TD Danos, M AF Kieu, TD Danos, M TI A no-go theorem for halting a universal quantum computer SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Issues in Elementary Matter CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL BAD HONNEF, GERMANY DE quantum computation AB A very brief introduction to quantum computing with an emphasis on the distinction between universal quantum computers and quantum networks. We then prove that, under very general and desirable assumptions, it is not possible to check for halting a universal quantum computer without losing the quantum computation. C1 CSIRO, MST, S Clayton 3169, Australia. Natl Bur Stand, Washington, DC 20234 USA. RP Kieu, TD (reprint author), CSIRO, MST, Private Bag 33, S Clayton 3169, Australia. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1556/APH.14.2001.1-4.21 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500021 ER PT J AU Motz, J AF Motz, J TI In memory of Michael Danos 6. Mike Danos - A friend over 40 years SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Motz, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 450 EP 451 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500046 ER PT J AU Hayward, E AF Hayward, E TI In memory of Michael Danos 7. Mike Danos at the NBS SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hayward, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 481LJ UT WOS:000171520500047 ER PT S AU Pipino, ACR Hodges, JT AF Pipino, ACR Hodges, JT BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy for trace water detection SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE cavity ring-down; evanescent waves; optical absorption; resonator design; water sensor; films ID ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; SURFACE; RESONATOR AB We explore the use of evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) for water detection through a signal-to-noise ratio analysis. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is an emerging optical absorption technique that employs the mean photon decay time of a high-finesse optical cavity as the absorption-sensitive observable. EW-CRDS is a novel implementation of CRDS that extends the technique to surfaces, films, and liquids by employing optical cavities which incorporate at least one total-internal-reflection (TIR) mirror. The concomitant evanescent wave is then used to probe the absorption of an ambient medium at the TIR surface also through a change in the photon decay time. By employing miniature monolithic cavities with ultra-smooth surfaces that are fabricated from ultra-high transmission materials, extreme sub-monolayer detection sensitivity is readily achieved. The detection of water by EW-CRDS with a fused-silica resonator provides an interesting and important application, since the nascent hydroxylated SiO2 surface is expected to show a high natural affinity for adsorption of water through hydrogen-bonding interactions. Furthermore, in the 1380 nm spectral region where water absorbs strongly, low-OH-content fused silica has extremely high bulk transmission. These factors potentially provide the basis for a novel water sensor. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pipino, ACR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.417432 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400001 ER PT S AU Barker, SLR Tarlov, MJ Ross, D Johnson, T Waddell, E Locascio, LE AF Barker, SLR Tarlov, MJ Ross, D Johnson, T Waddell, E Locascio, LE BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Fabrication, derivatization and applications of plastic microfluidic devices SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE microfluidics; plastic; polyelectrolyte multilayers; electroosmotic flow; derivatization; imprinting ID ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHANNELS AB Control of the polymer surface chemistry is a crucial aspect in the development of plastic microfluidic devices. When commercially available plastic substrates are used to fabricate microchannels, differences in the electroosmotic flow (EOF) from plastic to plastic can be very high. Therefore, we have used polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) to alter the surface of microchannels fabricated in plastics. The PEMs are easily fabricated and provide a means for controlling the flow direction and the electroosmotic mobility in the channels. Optimal modification of the microchannel surfaces was obtained by coating the channels with alternating layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(styrene sulfonate). The efficacy of the surface modification has been evaluated by measuring the electroosmotic flow mobility. When microchannels prepared in different polymer substrates were modified with PEMs, they demonstrated very similar electroosmotic mobilities. The PEMs have also been used to immobilize chemically selective molecules in the microchannels. In addition, relatively complex flow patterns, with simple arrangements of applied voltages, have been realized by derivatization of different arms of a single device with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Flow in opposite directions in the same channel is also possible; a positively derivatized plastic substrate with a negatively charged lid was used to achieve top-bottom opposite flows. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barker, SLR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.barker@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.417439 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400015 ER PT S AU Tiffany, J Cavicchi, RE Semancik, S AF Tiffany, J Cavicchi, RE Semancik, S BE VoDinh, T Buttgenbach, S TI Microarray study of temperature dependent sensitivity and selectivity of metal/oxide sensing interfaces SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental and Chemical Sensing Technology CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE ID STATE GAS SENSORS; NEURAL NETWORKS; ARRAY; QUANTIFICATION; VAPORS; FILMS; SNO2 AB Conductometric gas microsensors offer the benefits of ppm-level sensitivity, real-time data, simple interfacing to electronics hardware, and low power consumption. The type of device we have been exploring consists of a sensor film deposited on a "microhotplate"- a 100 micron platform with built-in heating (to activate reactions on the sensing surface) and thermometry. We have been using combinatorial studies of 36-element arrays to characterize the relationship between sensor film composition, operating temperature, and response, as measured by the device's sensitivity and selectivity. Gases that have been tested on these arrays include methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, propane, methane, acetone, benzene, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, and are of interest in the management of environmental waste sites. These experiments compare tin oxide films modified by catalyst overlayers, and ultrathin metal seed layers. The seed layers are used as part of a chemical vapor deposition process that uses each array element's microheater to activate the deposition of SnO2, and control its microstructure. Low coverage (2 nm) catalytic metals (Pd, Cu, Cr, In, Au) are deposited on the oxides by masked evaporation or sputtering. This presentation demonstrates the value of an array-based approach for developing film processing methods, measuring performance characteristics, and establishing reproducibility. It also illustrates how temperature-dependent response data for varied metal/oxide compositions can be used to tailor a microsensor array for a given application. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tiffany, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3870-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4205 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.417456 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Environmental; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BS25V UT WOS:000169244400030 ER PT S AU Josell, D Wheeler, D Moffat, TP AF Josell, D Wheeler, D Moffat, TP BE McKerrow, AJ ShachamDiamand, Y Zaima, S Ohba, T TI Catalyst induced superconformal filling: Electrodeposition and chemical vapor deposition SO ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE 2001 (AMC 2001) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC) CY OCT 08-11, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Univ Calif Berkeley, Continuing Educ Engn, Univ Extens ID COPPER; FEATURES; FILMS AB Superconformal filling of fine features by electrodeposition and chemical vapor deposition is explained based on a single model that accounts for increase of local growth velocity with increased coverage of a catalytic species adsorbed on the metal surface. Under appropriately designed experimental conditions, local catalyst coverage at the bottom surfaces of fine features is increased significantly by the local decrease of metal surface area during filling, resulting in superconformal growth. The model is supported by comparison of predicted and experimental results during copper electrodeposition and simulation of recently reported superconformal filling and roughness evolution during iodine-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition of copper. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-670-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 2001 BP 363 EP 369 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU94H UT WOS:000177438500056 ER PT B AU Hubbell, JH Seltzer, SM AF Hubbell, JH Seltzer, SM BE Kling, A Barao, F Nakagawa, M Tavora, L Vaz, P TI A half century of Monte Carlo, from slide rule and mechanical desk calculator to the laptop supercomputer SO ADVANCED MONTE CARLO FOR RADIATION PHYSICS, PARTICLE TRANSPORT SIMULATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics, Particle Transport Simulation and Applications CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC FORM-FACTORS; PHOTONS; COEFFICIENTS; ATTENUATION; TRANSPORT; ELEMENTS AB Some early examples of Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport, prior to the general availability of automatic electronic computers, are recalled. In particular, some results and details are presented of a gamma ray albedo calculation in the early 1950s by Hayward and Hubbell using mechanical desk calculators (+, -, x, divided by only), in which 67 trajectories were determined using the RAND book of random numbers, with three random numbers at each collision being used to determine (1) the Compton scatter energy loss (and thus the deflection angle), (2) the azimuthal angle and (3) the path length since the previous collision. Successive angles were compounded in three dimensions using a two-dimensional grid with a rotating arm with a slider on it, the device being dubbed an "Ouija Board". Survival probabilities along each path segment were determined analytically according to photoelectric absorption exponential attenuation in each of five materials, using a slide rule. For the five substances, H2O, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb, useful number and energy albedo values were obtained for 1 MeV photons incident at 0degrees (normal), 45degrees and 80degrees angles of incidence. Advances in the Monte Carlo method following this and other early-1950s computations, up to the present time with high-speed all-function automatic computers, are briefly reviewed. A brief review of advances in the input cross section data, particularly for photon interactions, over that same period, is included. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hubbell, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 9463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41795-8 PY 2001 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BU24J UT WOS:000175458200010 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ AF Wang, CZ TI On the ENSO mechanisms SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Climate and Environment Variability and Predictability (CEVP) CY AUG 07-11, 2000 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Atmospher Sci & Geophys Fluid Dynam, Natl Key Lab, Inst Atmospher Phys, Chinese Acad Sci DE El Nino-Southern Oscillation; ENSO theory; climate variability; ocean-atmosphere interactions ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; ROSSBY WAVES; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; RECHARGE PARADIGM; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific Ocean-atmosphere interactions. The oscillatory nature of ENSO requires both positive and negative ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. The positive feedback is dated back to Bjerknes' hypothesis in the 1960s, and different negative feedbacks have been proposed since the 1980s associated with the delayed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective-reflective oscillator. The delayed oscillator assumes that wave reflection at the western boundary provides a negative feedback for the coupled system to oscillate. The western Pacific oscillator emphasizes equatorial wind in the western Pacific that provides a negative feedback for the coupled system. The recharge-discharge oscillator argues that discharge and recharge of equatorial heat content cause the coupled system to oscillate. The advective-reflective oscillator emphasizes the importance of zonal advection associated with wave reflection at both the western and eastern boundaries. All of these physics are summarized in a unified ENSO oscillator. The delayed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective-reflective oscillator can be extracted as special cases of the unified oscillator. As suggested by this unified oscillator, all of the previous ENSO oscillator mechanisms may be operating in nature. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; NR 49 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 674 EP 691 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475VN UT WOS:000171190400004 ER PT J AU Wang, JLXL Gaffen, DJ AF Wang, JLXL Gaffen, DJ TI Trends in extremes of surface humidity, temperature, and summertime heat stress in China SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Climate and Environment Variability and Predictability (CEVP) CY AUG 07-11, 2000 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Atmospher Sci & Geophys Fluid Dynam, Natl Key Lab, Inst Atmospher Phys, Chinese Acad Sci DE trend detection; climate change; public health ID US AB In the past half century, the mean summertime temperature in China has increased, with nights warming more than days. Using surface station observations, we show that the frequency of extreme heat-stress events in China, caused by extremely hot and humid days as well as by heatwaves lasting for a few days, has increased over the period from 1951 to 1994. When humidity is high, hot weather can cause heat stress in humans. The increased heat-stress trend may pose a public health problem. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, RARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, JLXL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, RARL, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 742 EP 751 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475VN UT WOS:000171190400010 ER PT J AU Qu, YN Goldberg, MD Divakarla, M AF Qu, YN Goldberg, MD Divakarla, M TI Ozone profile retrieval from satellite observation using high spectral resolution infrared sounding instrument SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Climate and Environment Variability and Predictability (CEVP) CY AUG 07-11, 2000 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Atmospher Sci & Geophys Fluid Dynam, Natl Key Lab, Inst Atmospher Phys, Chinese Acad Sci DE AIRS; ATOVS; regression; eigenvector; principal component AB This paper presents a preliminary result on the retrieval of atmospheric ozone profiles using an improved regression technique and utilizing the data from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS), a hyper-spectral instrument expected to be flown on the EOS-AQUA platform in 2002. Simulated AIRS spectra were used to study the sensitivity of AIRS radiance on the tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, and to study the impact of various channel combinations on the ozone profile retrieval. Sensitivity study results indicate that the AIRS high resolution spectral channels between the wavenumber 650-800 cm(-1) provide very useful information to accurately retrieve tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles. Eigenvector decomposition of AIRS spectra indicate that no more than 100 eigenvectors are needed to retrieve very accurate ozone profiles. The accuracy of the retrieved atmospheric ozone profile from the present technique and utilizing the AIRS data was compared with the accuracy obtained from current Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) data aboard National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. As expected, a comparison of retrieval results confirms that the ozone profile retrieved with the AIRS data is superior to that of ATOVS. C1 Res & Data Syst Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Qu, YN (reprint author), Res & Data Syst Corp, 2833 Walker Dr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 OI Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381; NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 959 EP 971 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475VN UT WOS:000171190400027 ER PT J AU Zhou, YP Rutledge, KC Charlock, TP Loeb, NG Kato, S AF Zhou, YP Rutledge, KC Charlock, TP Loeb, NG Kato, S TI Atmospheric corrections using MODTRAN for TOA and surface BRDF characteristics from high resolution spectroradiometric/angular measurements from a helicopter platform SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Climate and Environment Variability and Predictability (CEVP) CY AUG 07-11, 2000 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Atmospher Sci & Geophys Fluid Dynam, Natl Key Lab, Inst Atmospher Phys, Chinese Acad Sci DE BRDF; radiative transfer; atmospheric correction ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SATELLITE DATA; RETRIEVAL; RADIATION; PRAIRIE; MODELS AB High-resolution spectral radiance measurements were taken by a spectral radiometer on board a helicopter over the US Oklahoma Southern Great Plain near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) site during August 1998. The radiometer has a spectral range from 350 nm to 2500 nm at 1 nm resolution. The measurements covered several grass and cropland scene types at multiple solar zenith angles. Detailed atmospheric corrections using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance (MODTRAN) radiation model and in-situ sounding and aerosol measurements have been applied to the helicopter measurements in order to retrieve the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) characteristics. The atmospheric corrections are most significant in the visible wavelengths and in the strong water vapor absorption wavelengths in the near infrared region. Adjusting the BRDF to TOA requires a larger correction in the visible channels since Rayleigh scattering contributes significantly to the TOA reflectance. The opposite corrections to the visible and near infrarred wavelengths can alter the radiance difference and ratio that many remote sensing techniques are based on, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The data show that surface BRDFs and spectral albedos are highly sensitive to the vegetation type and solar zenith angle while BRDF at TOA depends more on atmospheric conditions and the vi ewing geometry. Comparison with the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) derived clear sky Angular Distribution Model (ADM) for crop and grass scene type shows a standard deviation of 0.08 in broadband anisotropic function at 25 degrees solar zenith angle and 0.15 at 50 degrees solar zenith angle, respectively. C1 Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Zhou, YP (reprint author), NOAA, WWB, NWS, NCEP,Climate Predict Ctr,Anal Branch, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHINA OCEAN PRESS PI BEIJING PA INTERNATIONAL DEPT, 8 DA HUI SHI, BEIJING 100081, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 984 EP 1004 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475VN UT WOS:000171190400029 ER PT S AU Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK AF Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK BE Kimura, M Itikawa, Y TI Electron collision data for plasma-processing gases SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 44 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review ID IMPACT CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; POSITRON COLLISIONS; MOLECULAR CHLORINE; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRAL RADICALS; SWARM PARAMETERS; TOTAL IONIZATION; CF4 C1 NIST, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003844-7 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2001 VL 44 BP 59 EP 98 PG 40 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BR24M UT WOS:000165929700003 ER PT S AU Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK AF Christophorou, LG Olthoff, JK BE Kimura, M Itikawa, Y TI Electron interactions with excited atoms and molecules SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 44 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION; STATIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; METASTABLE-HELIUM COLLISIONS; PLASMA PROCESSING DISCHARGES; ATTACHMENT RATE CONSTANTS; DISSOCIATIVE-ATTACHMENT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; IMPACT EXCITATION C1 NIST, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Christophorou, LG (reprint author), NIST, Div Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 329 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003844-7 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2001 VL 44 BP 155 EP 293 PG 139 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BR24M UT WOS:000165929700006 ER PT J AU Rodhouse, PG Elvidge, CD Trathan, PN AF Rodhouse, PG Elvidge, CD Trathan, PN TI Remote sensing of the global light-fishing fleet: An analysis of interactions with oceanography, other fisheries and predators SO ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY, VOL 39 SE ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTARCTIC POLAR FRONT; MARTIALIA-HYADESI TEUTHOIDEA; ILLEX-ARGENTINUS CEPHALOPODA; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SCOTIA SEA; NEKTON COMMUNITY; NORTH PACIFIC; PREY; SQUID; FOOD C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. NOAA, Off Director, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Rodhouse, PG (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 161 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2881 J9 ADV MAR BIOL PY 2001 VL 39 BP 261 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0065-2881(01)39010-7 PG 51 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BR16A UT WOS:000165768100003 ER PT S AU Newbury, D Wollman, D Irwin, K Hilton, G Martinis, J AF Newbury, D Wollman, D Irwin, K Hilton, G Martinis, J BE Bentley, J Allen, C Dahmen, U Petrov, I TI Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry with the transition edge sensor microcalorimeter: A revolutionary advance in materials microanalysis SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Materials Problem Solving with the Electron Microscope held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The NIST microcalorimeter energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer provides important advances in x-ray spectrometry. The high spectral resolution, approaching 2 eV for photon energies below 2 keV, the wide photon energy coverage, 250 eV to 10 keV, and the energy dispersive operation enable a wide range of materials characterization problems to be addressed. This performance is especially critical to high spatial resolution, low-voltage x-ray microanalysis performed with the field-emission gun scanning electron microscope. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-497-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 589 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BT32M UT WOS:000172649100009 ER PT B AU Dennis, RL Tonnesen, GS Mathur, R AF Dennis, RL Tonnesen, GS Mathur, R BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Nonlinearities in the sulfate secondary fine particulate response to NOx emissions reductions as modeled by the regional acid deposition model SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut ID 3-DAY PERIODS; AGGREGATION; NITRATE; MATTER; TOTALS; CLOUDS C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, MD-80, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600020 ER PT B AU Byun, DW Pleim, JE AF Byun, DW Pleim, JE BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Sensitivity of ozone and aerosol predictions to the transport algorithms in the models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Byun, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 203 EP 212 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600021 ER PT B AU Pleim, JE Byun, DW AF Pleim, JE Byun, DW BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Application of a new land-surface, dry deposition, and pbl model in the models-3 community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) model system SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleim, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 297 EP 305 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600030 ER PT B AU Arnold, JR Dennis, RL AF Arnold, JR Dennis, RL BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI First results from operational testing of the US EPA models 3/community multiscale model for air quality (CMAQ) SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Arnold, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 651 EP 658 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600065 ER PT B AU Irwin, JS AF Irwin, JS BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Comparison of two sampling procedures for the statistical evaluation of the performance of atmospheric dispersion models in estimating centerline concentration values SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut ID QUALITY C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div MD14, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Irwin, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div MD14, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 665 EP 673 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600067 ER PT B AU Schwede, DB Petersen, WB LeDuc, SK AF Schwede, DB Petersen, WB LeDuc, SK BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Simulating atmospheric exposure using an innovative meteorological sampling scheme SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Schwede, DB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, MD-80, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 735 EP 736 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600091 ER PT B AU LeDuc, SK Schere, KL Godowitch, JM Gipson, GL AF LeDuc, SK Schere, KL Godowitch, JM Gipson, GL BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI Models-3/CMAQ applications which illustrate capability and functionality SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP LeDuc, SK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 737 EP 738 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600092 ER PT B AU McQueen, JT Drazler, RR AF McQueen, JT Drazler, RR BE Gryning, SE Schiermeier, FA TI A proposal to compile past atmospheric dispersion field experiment data for easy access and model evaluation SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY MAY 15-19, 2000 CL BOULDER, CO SP NATO, CCMS, US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Riso Natl Lab, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McQueen, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46534-5 PY 2001 BP 739 EP 740 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS21K UT WOS:000169088600093 ER PT S AU Ilinkin, I Janardan, R Majhi, J Schwerdt, J Smid, M Sriram, R AF Ilinkin, I Janardan, R Majhi, J Schwerdt, J Smid, M Sriram, R BE Dehne, F Sack, JR Tamassia, R TI A decomposition-based approach to layered manufacturing SO ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th international Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures (WADS 01) CY AUG 08-10, 2001 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Brown Univ, Ctr Geometr Comp, Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci AB Layered Manufacturing allows physical prototypes of 3D parts to be built directly from their computer models, as a stack of 2D layers. This paper proposes a new approach, which decomposes the model into a small number of pieces, builds each separately, and glues them together to generate the prototype. This allows large models to be built in parallel and also reduces the need for so-called support structures. Decomposition algorithms that minimize support requirements are given for convex and non-convex polyhedra. Experiments, on convex polyhedra, show that the approach can reduce support requirements substantially. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Synopsys Corp, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Univ Magdeburg, Fak Informat, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilinkin, I (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ilinkin@cs.umn.edu; janardan@cs.umn.edu; majhi@synopsys.com; schwerdt@isg.cs.uni-magdeburg.de; michiel@isg.cs.uni-magdeburg.de; sriram@cme.nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42423-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2125 BP 389 EP 400 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BV90A UT WOS:000180344900035 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF Hartson, DJ Fanslow, DL Lang, GA AF Nalepa, TF Hartson, DJ Fanslow, DL Lang, GA TI Recent population changes in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia : Unionidae) and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake St. Clair, USA SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE freshwater mussels; unionid extirpation; Dreissena infestation; mussel trends; Great Lakes ID HUDSON RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; INFESTATION; INVASION; CLAMS; ERIE; HABITAT; DENSITY; IMPACT; HURON AB To determine trends in abundances, we conducted a survey of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha [Pallas, 1771]) at five sites in the northwestern portion of Lake St. Clair in 1997. Previous, more extensive spatial surveys between 1986 and 1994 showed that unionids were mostly eliminated from the lake as a result of zebra mussel infestation, but at least a few unionids; were still present in the northwestern portion in 1994. The 1994 survey also showed that zebra mussel densities were still increasing in this portion of the lake. In the present survey, no live unionids were collected despite a sampling effort modified from prior surveys specifically to locate live individuals. From these results, we believe that freshwater mussels have been eliminated from the open waters of Lake St. Clair. Zebra mussel populations appear to have reached a steady state in the northwest portion as evidenced by a decrease in mean density from 2,247 m(-2) in 1994 to 1,237 m(-2) in 1997, and a decrease in the mean size of individuals in the population. Although they were common in previous surveys, we did not collect any zebra mussels with a shell length > 20 mm. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 637ZE UT WOS:000180542900013 ER PT J AU Coursey, B AF Coursey, B TI Globalization of science SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coursey, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 383ED UT WOS:000165869400004 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, RL TI Development of a procedure for measuring nitrogen by cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; NIST; FACILITY; HYDROGEN; BEAMS AB An instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CNPGAA) has been used for the nondestructive determination of nitrogen. The samples were analyzed in an evacuated box to minimize background from neutron capture by atmospheric nitrogen. The system features lower background and lower detection limits than obtainable with the University of Maryland-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) thermal neutron PGAA instrument. CNPGAA has been used to measure nitrogen in standard reference materials which included biological materials and soils; the results are in agreement with certified values. The detection limit for nitrogen in most biological and geological samples is near 1000 mg kg(-1). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2001 VL 126 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1039/b003506h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 399ME UT WOS:000166816300017 PM 11235106 ER PT J AU Chilson, PB Kirkwood, S Haggstrom, I AF Chilson, PB Kirkwood, S Haggstrom, I TI Frequency domain interferometry mode observations of PMSE using tbe EISCAT VHF radar SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; polar ionosphere; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; middle atmosphere dynamics; radio science; interferometry ID MESOSPHERE SUMMER ECHOES; COMMON-VOLUME OBSERVATIONS; POLAR MESOSPHERE; NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS; GRAVITY-WAVE; MHZ RADAR; MESOPAUSE REGION; MST RADAR; TURBULENCE; MIDLATITUDES AB During the summer of 1997 investigations into the nature of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) were conducted using the European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) VHF radar in Norway. The radar was operated in a frequency domain interferometry (FDI) mode over a period of two weeks to study the frequency coherence of the returned radar signals. The operating frequencies of the radar were 224.0 and 224.6 MHz. We present the first results from the experiment by discussing two 4-h intervals of data collected over two consecutive nights. During the first of the two days an enhancement of the FDI coherence, which indicates the presence of distinct scattering layers, was found to follow the lower boundary of the PMSE. Indeed, it is not unusual to observe that the coherence values are peaked around the heights corresponding to both the lower- and upper-most boundaries of the PMSE layer and sublayers. A Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism is offered as one possible explanation for the layering structure. Additionally, our analysis using range-time-pseudocolor plots of signal-to-noise ratios, spectrograms of Doppler velocity, and estimates of the positions of individual scattering layers is shown to be consistent with the proposition that upwardly propagating gravity waves can become steepened near the mesopause. C1 Swedish Inst Space Phys, MRI Atomspher Res Programme, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. RP Chilson, PB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ATM HYDR JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1599 EP 1612 DI 10.1007/s005850000309 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 399QH UT WOS:000166823500008 ER PT S AU Marshall, S Oglesby, RJ Nolin, AW AF Marshall, S Oglesby, RJ Nolin, AW BE Hutter, K TI Effect of western US snow cover on climate SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 32, 2001 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Snow, Avalanches and Impact of the Forest Cover CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA SP Int Glaciol Soc, Fed Minist Agr & Forest, Inst Avalanche & Torrent Res, Governor & Province of Tyrol, Mayor & City of Innsbruck, Congress Innsbruck GmbH, Austrian Cableway Assoc ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; CCM3 AB The purpose of this study is to identify, characterize and quantify local, regional and remote effects of snow cover on western U.S. climate and water resources. An ensemble of predictability and sensitivity, studies was made with the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model, version 3 (CCM3) to investigate the relative roles of snow-cover anomalies and initial atmospheric states in the subsequent accumulation and ablation seasons. The suite of model experiments focuses oil the direct effect Of snow Oil regional climate anomalies and ultimately will be used to examine the lagged effect of anomalous snow cover on the climate. The set of ensemble simulation, presented here looks at the climate-system response to anomalously high and low snow cover at the start of the ablation season over the western U.S.A. These current results suggest that the initial state of snow cover is more important than the initial state of the atmosphere or of sea-surface temperatures because of direct thermal effects on the surface and subsequent indirect, dynamical effects an the atmospheric circulation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Marshall, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-27-X J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 32 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.3189/172756401781819229 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BS86V UT WOS:000171277900013 ER PT S AU Meier, WN Van Woert, ML Bertoia, C AF Meier, WN Van Woert, ML Bertoia, C BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Evaluation of operational SSM/I ice-concentration algorithms SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID SEA-ICE; PARAMETERS; REDUCTION; IMAGERY; COVER; SMMR AB The United States National Ice Center (NIC) provides weekly ice analyses of the Arctic and Antarctic using information from ice reconnaissance, ship reports and high-resolution satellite imagery. In cloud-covered areas and regions lacking imagery, the higher-resolution sources are augmented by ice concentrations derived from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) passive-microwave imagery. However, the SSM/I-derived ice concentrations are limited by low resolution and uncertainties in thin-ice regions. Ongoing research at NIC is attempting to improve the utility of these SSM/I products for operational sea-ice analyses. The refinements of operational algorithms may also aid future scientific studies. Here we discuss an evaluation of the standard operational ice-concentration algorithm, Cal/Val, with a possible alternative, a modified NASA Team algorithm. The modified algorithm compares favorably with Cal/Val and is a substantial improvement over the standard NASA Team algorithm in thin-ice regions that are of particular interest to operational activities. C1 US Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Meier, WN (reprint author), US Natl Ice Ctr, FOB 4,Room 2301,4251 Suitland Rd, Washington, DC 20395 USA. OI Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 102 EP 108 DI 10.3189/172756401781818509 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300015 ER PT S AU Wang, XJ Key, JR AF Wang, XJ Key, JR BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Spatial variability of the sea-ice radiation budget and its effect on aggregate-area fluxes SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS AB The spatial and temporal variability of surface, cloud and radiative properties of sea ice are examined using new satellite-derived products. Downwelling short- and longwave fluxes exhibit temporal correlation over about 180 days, but cloud optical depth and cloud fraction show almost no correlation over time. The spatial variance of surface properties is shown to increase much less rapidly than that of cloud properties. The effect of small-scale inhomogeneity in surface and cloud properties on the calculation of radiative fluxes at ice- and climate-model gridscales is also investigated. Annual mean differences between gridcell fluxes computed from average surface and cloud properties and averages of pixel-by-pixel fluxes are 9.46% for the downwelling shortwave flux and -7.04% for the longwave flux. Therefore, using mean surface and cloud properties to compute surface radiative fluxes in a gridcell results in an overestimate of the shortwave flux and an underestimate of the longwave flux. Model sensitivity studies show that such biases may result in substantial errors in modeled ice thickness. Clearly, the sub-gridscale inhomogeneity of surface and atmospheric properties must be considered when estimating aggregate-area fluxes in sea-ice and climate models. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.3189/172756401781818130 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300039 ER PT S AU Van Woert, ML Meier, WN Zou, CZ Archer, A Pellegrini, A Grigioni, P Bertola, C AF Van Woert, ML Meier, WN Zou, CZ Archer, A Pellegrini, A Grigioni, P Bertola, C BE Jeffries, MO Eicken, H TI Satellite observations of upper-ocean currents in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 33 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Glaciological-Society Symposium on Sea Ice and Its Interactions with the Ocean, Atmosphere and Biosphere CY JUN 19-23, 2000 CL UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SP Arct Res Consortium US, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, US Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Off Naval Res, Amer Geophys Union, Int Arct Sci Comm, Int Assoc Phys Sci Ocean, Sea Ice Commiss, Int Commiss Snow & Ice, Japanese Soc Snow & Ice, Sci Comm Antarct Res HO UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS ID ROSS SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; COASTAL OCEAN; ICE; POLYNYA; WINDS; WATER AB Ship and iceberg drifts, along with data front modern satellite-tracked drifting buoys, portray generally northward flow in the southwest Ross Sea. Less is known, however, about the ocean variability in this region. Here we use Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) imagery to describe a cyclonically rotating gyre in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica (75degrees S, 165degrees E). The image sequence is taken from an exceptionally clear, calm, period during winter 1998. Surface currents, derived from tracking drifting ice with a maximum cross-correlation algorithm, were found to be similar to20 to 30 cms (1). Based on scaling arguments, the observed currents appear to be best explained as an oceanic response Loa rapidly changing, offshore, katabatic wind jet. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA. Raytheon Tech Serv Co, Englewood, CO 80112 USA. ENEA, AMB, GEM, CLIM, I-00060 Rome, Italy. RP Van Woert, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Pellegrini, Andrea/O-3094-2015; OI Pellegrini, Andrea/0000-0001-5577-7472; Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-28-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2001 VL 33 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.3189/172756401781818879 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BT59X UT WOS:000173446300064 ER PT J AU Leeworthy, VR Wiley, PC English, DBK Kriesel, W AF Leeworthy, VR Wiley, PC English, DBK Kriesel, W TI Correcting response bias in tourist spending surveys SO ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE economic impact; recreation; nonresponse bias; Florida Keys ID IMPACTS AB Many studies that estimate economic impact, use onsite tourist contacts followed with mailed expenditure surveys. Typically, response rates to such surveys are under 50%. A recent study of tourism impacts in the Florida Keys (USA) had similar problems. Response bias was considered to be a significant concern. This paper documents the tests for response bias used to identify socioeconomic factors related to survey response and expenditures per tourist. These included income, age, race, and domestic residence. Corrective weights were developed from the four variables. Uncorrected expenditure means underestimated average spending slightly for the summer season, bur overestimated it For winter by almost 9%. C1 NOAA, Off Ocean Resources Conservat & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Leeworthy, VR (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean Resources Conservat & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-7383 J9 ANN TOURISM RES JI Ann. Touris. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00011-6 PG 15 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 356CP UT WOS:000089427000005 ER PT J AU Fasolka, MJ Mayes, AM AF Fasolka, MJ Mayes, AM TI Block copolymer thin films: Physics and applications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE confinement; self-consistent field; wetting; nanoarray; nanopattem; self-assembly ID LAMELLAR DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; LATERALLY HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; CONSISTENT-FIELD CALCULATIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY MORPHOLOGY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; IRON-OXIDE NANOCLUSTERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; PATTERNED SURFACES AB A two-part review of research concerning block copolymer thin films is presented. The first section summarizes experimental and theoretical studies of the fundamental physics of these systems, concentrating upon the forces that govern film morphology. The role of film thickness and surface energetics on the morphology of compositionally symmetric, amorphous diblock copolymer films is emphasized, including considerations of boundary condition symmetry, so-called hybrid structures, and surface chemical expression. Discussions of compositionally asymmetric systems and emerging research areas, e.g., liquid-crystalline and A-B-C triblock systems, are also included. In the second section, technological applications of block copolymer films, e.g., as lithographic masks and photonic materials, are considered. Particular attention is paid to means by which microphase domain order and orientation can be controlled, including exploitation of thickness and surface effects, the application of external fields, and the use of patterned substrates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Fasolka, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 156 TC 685 Z9 691 U1 16 U2 273 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANN REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2001 VL 31 BP 323 EP 355 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.31.1.323 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 486FX UT WOS:000171808700014 ER PT S AU Ratliff, LP Gillaspy, JD AF Ratliff, LP Gillaspy, JD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI In situ imaging of highly charged ion irradiated mica SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 01-05, 2000 CL UNIV NORTH TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV NORTH TEXAS ID SLOW MULTICHARGED IONS; SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; ABLATION; SILICON; IMPACT; GAAS AB We have studied the modification of mica surfaces due to the impact of Xe44+ ions by imaging the ion-exposed surfaces with atomic force microscopy in vacuum. By incorporating the microscope into the vacuum chamber where the samples are exposed to the ions, we rule out posterior modification of these features in air. The features, raised bumps 19(2) nm in diameter, are similar to those imaged previously in air, however, their heights appear to be larger than previously reported. C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ratliff, LP (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0015-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 576 BP 935 EP 938 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT20F UT WOS:000172263600223 ER PT J AU Yoon, TH Ye, J Hall, JL Chartier, JM AF Yoon, TH Ye, J Hall, JL Chartier, JM TI Absolute frequency measurement of the iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser at 633 nm SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The absolute frequency of an iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser at 633 nm stabilized on the i (or a(13)) component of the 11-5 R(127) hyperfine transition of the I-127(2) molecule is measured using a femtosecond optical comb generator and an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser standard at 1064 nm. We link the measured absolute frequency to the current internationally adopted value via frequency intercomparison between JILA and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), leading to the determination of the absolute frequency of the BIPM-4 standard laser. The resulting absolute frequency f(i(BIPM)) of the BIPM-4 standard laser is f(i(BIPM)) = 473 612 214 71 1.9 +/- 2.0 kHz, which is 6.9 kHz higher than the value adopted by the Comite International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) in 1997. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM thyoon@kriss.re.kr RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 392LH UT WOS:000166412200016 ER PT J AU Moraes, JCS Pizoletto, OP Scalabrin, A Allen, MD Evenson, KM AF Moraes, JCS Pizoletto, OP Scalabrin, A Allen, MD Evenson, KM TI Investigation of (CH3OH)-C-13 methanol: new laser lines and assignments SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED LASER; FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS AB We have reinvestigated (CH3OH)-C-13 as a source of far-infrared (FIR) laser emission using a CO2 laser as a pumping source. Thirty new FIR laser lines in the range 36.5 mum to 202.6 mum were observed and characterized. Five of them have wavelengths between 36.5 and 75 mum and have sufficient intensity to be used in LMR spectroscopy. Using Fourier-transform spectroscopic data in the infrared (IR) and FIR regions we have determined the assignment for 10 FIR laser transitions and predict nine frequencies for laser lines which have yet to be observed. C1 UNESP, Dept Quim & Fis, BR-15385000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moraes, JCS (reprint author), UNESP, Dept Quim & Fis, BR-15385000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Moraes, Joao /C-3406-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 2 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 392LH UT WOS:000166412200020 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Kubicek, GJ Cessna, JT Plascjak, PS Eckelman, WC AF Zimmerman, BE Kubicek, GJ Cessna, JT Plascjak, PS Eckelman, WC TI Radioassays and experimental evaluation of dose calibrator settings for F-18 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZATION; EFFICIENCY AB The positron emitter F-18 continues to be one of the most important imaging radionuclides in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Assays of radiopharmaceuticals containing this nuclide are often performed in the clinic using commercial reentrant ionization chambers, or "dose calibrators". Meaningful quantitative clinical studies require accurate knowledge of the injected activity which requires proper calibration of these instruments. Radioassays were performed at thr: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on a solution of F-18 produced at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) using 4 pi beta liquid scintillation (fS) counting with H-3-standard efficiency tracing. Cocktails containing water fractions of approximately 0.9 and 9% (both as saline) were used. The massic activity values were measured to be 2.52 +/- 0.06 and 2.50 +/- 0.03 MBq g(-1), respectively, for the 0.9 and 9% water cocktails as of the reference time. The uncertainties on the activity measurements are expanded (k = 2) uncertainties. The largest uncertainty component was found to be the repeatability on a single LS source, with the cocktails containing 0.9% water fraction exhibiting a larger variability by nearly a factor of two. Reproducibility between LS cocktails with the same water Traction was also found to be a large uncertainty component, but with a value less than half that due to measurement repeatability. Radionuclidic impurities consisted of V-48 and Sc-46, at levels of 0.11 +/- 0.08% (expanded uncertainties) and approximately 2 x 10(-3)% (upper limit) relative to the activity of the F-18, as Of the reference time. Dose calibrator dial settings for measuring solutions of]SF were experimentally determined for Capintec CRC-12 and CRC-35R dose calibrators in three measurement geometries: a 5-ml standard NIST ampoule (two ampoules measured), a 12-ml plastic syringe containing 9 mi of solution and a 10-ml Mallinckrodt molded dose vial filled with 5 mi of solution. The experimental dial settings land the corresponding expanded uncertainties) for these geometries were found to be 477 +/- 7, 474 +/- 6, 482 +/- 6 and 463 +/- 7 for the two ampoules, the syringe and the dose vial, respectively, in the CRC-12, The dial settings determined for the CRC-35R were 472 +/- 7, 470 +/- 7, 464 +/- 6 and 456 +/- 6 for the two ampoules, the syringe, and the dose vial, respectively. The uncertainties in the dial settings are expanded uncertainties. Comparisons between the empirically determined.. dial settings and the manufacturer's recommended setting of "439" indicate that use of the manufacturer's setting overestimates the activity by between 3 and 6%, depending upon the geometry used. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIH, PET Dept, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00260-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 379LM UT WOS:000165643600015 PM 11144241 ER PT J AU Millero, F Huang, F Zhu, XR Liu, XW Zhang, JZ AF Millero, F Huang, F Zhu, XR Liu, XW Zhang, JZ TI Adsorption and desorption of phosphate on calcite and aragonite in seawater SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RATES; PRECIPITATION; INHIBITION; PHOSPHORUS; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; EQUATION; RATIOS; WATERS; SOILS AB The adsorption and desorption of phosphate on calcite and aragonite were investigated as a function of temperature (5-45 degreesC) and salinity (0-40) in seawater pre-equilibrated with CaCO3. An increase in temperature increased the equilibrium adsorption; whereas an increase in salinity decreased the adsorption. Adsorption measurements made in NaCl were lower than the results in seawater. The higher values in seawater were due to the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. The increase was 5 times greater for Ca2+ than Mg2+. The effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are diminished with the addition of SO42- apparently due to the formation of MgSO4 and CaSO4 complexes in solution and/or SO42- adsorption on the surface of CaCO3. The adsorbed Ca2+ and Mg2+ on CaCO3 (at carbonate sites) may act as bridges to PO43- ions. The bridging effect of Ca2+ is greater than Mg2+ apparently due to the stronger interactions of Ca2+ with PO43-. The apparent effect of salinity on the adsorption of PO4 was largely due to changes in the concentration of HCO3- in the solutions. An increase in the concentration of HCO3- caused the adsorption of phosphate to decrease, especially at low salinities. The adsorption at the same level of HCO3- (2 mM) was nearly independent of salinity. All of the adsorption measurements were modeled empirically using a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm [PO4](ad) = KmCm[PO4](T)/(1 + K-m [PO4](T)) , where [PO4](a)d and [PO4](T) are the adsorbed and total dissolved phosphate concentrations, respectively. The values of C-m (the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity, (mol/g) and K-m (the adsorption equilibrium constant, g/(mol) over the entire temperature (t, degreesC) and salinity (S) range were fitted to C-m = 17.067 + 0.1707t - 0.4693S + 0.0082S(2) (sigma = 0.7) ln K-m = - 2.412 + 0.0165t - 0.0004St - 0.0008S(2) (sigma = 0.1) These empirical equations reproduce all of our measurements of [PO4](a)d up to 14 mu mol/g and within +/-0.7 mu mol/g. The kinetic data showed that the phosphate uptake on carbonate minerals appears to be a multi-step process. Both the adsorption and desorption were quite fast in the first stage (less than 30 min) followed by a much slower process (lasting more than 1 week). Our results indicate that within 24 hours aragonite has a higher sorption capacity than calcite. The differences between calcite and aragonite become smaller with time. Consequently, the mineral composition of the sediments may affect the short-term phosphate adsorption and desorption on calcium carbonate. Up to 80 % of the adsorbed phosphate is released from calcium carbonate over one day. The amount of PO4 left on the CaCO3 is close to the equilibrium adsorption. The release of PO4 from calcite is faster than from aragonite. Measurements with Florida Bay sediments produced results between those for calcite and aragonite. Our results indicate that the calcium carbonate can be both a sink and source of phosphate in natural waters. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Millero, F (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556 NR 28 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 44 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-6165 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PY 2001 VL 7 IS 1 BP 33 EP 56 DI 10.1023/A:1011344117092 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 426AN UT WOS:000168327000003 ER PT S AU Cantor, J Janet, L Hearst, M Brown, B Rupp, K AF Cantor, J Janet, L Hearst, M Brown, B Rupp, K BE Aversa, E Manley, C TI Next generation usability testing SO ASIST 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 64TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 38, 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 03-08, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Informat Sci Technol C1 Giantstep, New York, NY USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. UC Berkeley SIMS, Berkeley, CA USA. Vividence, Washington, DC USA. RP Cantor, J (reprint author), Giantstep, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-138-9 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2001 VL 38 BP 597 EP 597 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BU37V UT WOS:000175838000075 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthi, A Reynolds, CS Linsky, JL Martin, E Gagne, M AF Krishnamurthi, A Reynolds, CS Linsky, JL Martin, E Gagne, M TI Observations of the core of the Pleiades with the Chandra X-ray Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Pleiades); stars : activity; stars : early-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; ROSAT HRI OBSERVATIONS; BROWN DWARFS; IMAGING SURVEY; OPEN CLUSTER; CORONAE AB We present results from a 36 ks observation of the core of the Pleiades open cluster using ACIS-I on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We have detected 57 sources, most of which do not have previously known optical counterparts. Follow-up photometry indicates that many of the detections are likely to be active galactic nuclei, in accordance with extragalactic source counts, but some of the sources may be previously undiscovered low-mass members of the Pleiades. We discuss our data set and our findings about X-ray emission from early-type stars, as well as very late-type stars. In particular, the large X-ray fluxes, lack of variability, and hardness ratios of the four Pleiades B6 IV-F4 V stars suggest a tentative conclusion that Pleiades stars in this spectral type range are intrinsic X-ray sources rather than previously unknown binaries in which the X-ray emission is from a late-type companion. Also, the sensitivity of Chandra allowed us to detect nonflare X-ray emission from late M stars. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Geol & Astron, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM anitak@casa.colorado.edu; chris@rocinante.colorado.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; ege@gps.caltech.edu; mgagne@wcupa.edu RI Gagne, Marc/C-1130-2013 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 121 IS 1 BP 337 EP 346 DI 10.1086/318025 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388GY UT WOS:000166173300026 ER PT J AU Pagano, I Rodono, M Linsky, JL Neff, JE Walter, FM Kovari, Z Matthews, LD AF Pagano, I Rodono, M Linsky, JL Neff, JE Walter, FM Kovari, Z Matthews, LD TI Spectral imaging maps of AR Lacertae I. Results from IUE observations in 1994 October SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; stars : activity; stars : binaries : general; stars : chromospheres; stars : AR Lac; ultraviolet : stars ID WILSON-BAPPU RELATION; ROTATIONAL MODULATION; RS-CVN; STARS; ARCHIVE; FLARES AB In October 1994 the RS CVn eclipsing binary AR Lacertae was monitored by IUE during tao orbital cycles. We have used 59 low resolution spectra, acquired in the range 1150-1950 Angstrom, to derive light curves for emission lines formed at different temperatures between about 10 000 and 200 000 K and to study the flare signatures versus temperature of line formation. We have analyzed a sequence of 59 high resolution Mg II k line profiles using multi-Gaussian fits (the spectral imaging technique) to derive information of the spatial structure of the chromospheres of both stars in the AR Lac system. We discuss the quiet chromospheric emission from both stars, and we show that enhanced Mg II emission is present in extended structures corotating with the KO SV star and close to the system center-of-mass. We also report on evidence for absorbing structures toward both the stars. This study of AR Lac used the new orbital elements of Marine et al. (1998) and spectra reduced and calibrated with NEWSIPS. A comparison between fluxes derived from the analyzed NEWSIPS spectra and from IUESIPS spectra is provided. C1 Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Pagano, I (reprint author), Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM ipa@sunct.ct.astro.it RI Pagano, Isabella/I-6934-2015; OI Pagano, Isabella/0000-0001-9573-4928; Kovari, Zsolt/0000-0001-5160-307X NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 365 IS 2 BP 128 EP 143 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 394UF UT WOS:000166541100011 ER PT J AU Davidson, SA Evenson, KM Brown, JM AF Davidson, SA Evenson, KM Brown, JM TI A measurement of the rotational spectrum of the CH radical in the far-infrared SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : lines and bands; ISM : molecules; methods : laboratory; molecular data ID DOUBLING SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE; OH; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; RESONANCE; REGION; STATE; CO AB Rotational and fine-structure transitions between the lower rotational levels of the CH radical in its X(2)Pi state have been observed in absorption in the laboratory with a tunable far-infrared (TuFIR) spectrometer. The molecules were generated in an electric discharge through a mixture of methane and carbon monoxide in helium. The experimental line widths were limited by Doppler broadening and the measurements have a 1 sigma experimental uncertainty of 100 kHz. The frequencies have been used together with all previous measurements of CH in the upsilon = 0 level of the X(2)Pi electronic state to determine its molecular parameters and to predict an accurate set of rotational transition frequencies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. RP Davidson, SA (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 546 IS 1 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1086/318255 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 390DL UT WOS:000166280400029 ER PT J AU Butler, TJ Likens, GE Stunder, BJB AF Butler, TJ Likens, GE Stunder, BJB TI Regional-scale impacts of Phase I of the Clean Air Act Amendments in the USA: the relation between emissions and concentrations, both wet and dry SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sulfur dioxide; nitrogen oxides; acid deposition; base cations; dry deposition ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; SO2 EMISSIONS; HUBBARD-BROOK; ACID-RAIN; DEPOSITION; TRENDS; SULFATE; SULFUR; TRAJECTORIES AB A comparison of data records in the 1990s, both before (1991-1994) and after (1995-1997) implementation of Phase I of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 for the eastern US, shows a significant reduction in SO2 emissions for most states, except for Texas, North Carolina, Illinois, Florida, and Alabama. However, of the major NOx emitting states, only two eastern states (New York and Pennsylvania) show significant declines in NOx. A pattern of large declines in SO2 emissions (> 20%) after CAAA implementation, and large declines in precipitation SO42- and H+, as well as air concentrations of SO2 and SO42- (components of dry deposition), exists for most regions of the eastern US. In most cases, the emission/concentration relations are close to 1:1 when the source region based on 15-h back trajectories is used for the New England region, and source regions based on 9-h back trajectories are used for the six other eastern US regions that were studied. The southern Appalachian Mountain region, an acid-sensitive area receiving high levels of acidic deposition, has not seen an appreciable improvement in precipitation acidity. This area has also shown the least improvement in wet and dry sulfur concentrations, of the areas examined. Precipitation base cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) show a pattern of either increasing or level concentrations when comparing 1990-1994 to 1995-1998 data, for six of the seven regions examined. Ammonium concentrations have generally changed < 10%, except for the Illinois and southern Appalachian Mtn. regions, which increased >15%. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Butler, TJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 NR 42 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1015 EP 1028 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00386-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FM UT WOS:000167204300003 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB Meyers, TP Hosker, RP Artz, RS AF Hicks, BB Meyers, TP Hosker, RP Artz, RS TI Climatological features of regional surface air quality from the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) in the USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air quality; trends; AIRMoN; dry deposition ID INFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; DRY-DEPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; SULFUR; SO2 AB The Atmospheric Integrated Research and Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) of NOAA is a research program aimed at developing and implementing improved dry and wet deposition monitoring methodologies. For dry deposition, the array is built on the basis of air-surface exchange research stations, originally set up as the "CORE/Satellite Dry Deposition Inferential Method" array under the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). For wet deposition, the program is founded on the Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study (MAP3S), previously operated by the Department of Energy but now continuing under NOAA sponsorship. AIRMoN-wet is a research subnetwork of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. In general, AIRMoN sites are located (a) in locations where changes should be most easily detected, (b) at sites where experienced and interested operators are already on hand, and (c) so that research opportunities (such as may result from collocation with other activities) can be maximized. The present analysis concerns the air chemistry data collected as part of the AIRMoN-dry activity. Sulfur data indicate a slow downward trend in air concentrations, at the rate of 3-4%yr(-1) over the last 15yr, doubtlessly partially attributable to the emissions reductions mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. For the same period, nitric acid vapor concentrations in air indicate a slight increase rather than the decrease seen for sulfur. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; NR 9 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00312-5 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 406FM UT WOS:000167204300006 ER PT J AU Snyder, WH AF Snyder, WH TI Wind-tunnel study of entrainment in two-dimensional dense-gas plumes at the EPA's fluid modeling facility SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wind-tunnel simulation; dense gas; diffusion; roughness; laminar flow AB This wind-tunnel study has been conducted as part of a collaborative effort to investigate the effect of large surface roughness on the entrainment of air from a neutrally stable simulated atmospheric boundary layer into a continuous dense-gas plume. The present study examined the entrainment rates of dense-gas plumes as they were transported over two surfaces with similar geometry but significantly different roughness lengths (factor of 6). Extensive measurements of the flow and plume structures over a wide range of source Richardson numbers (Ri*) are reported. Carbon dioxide was released from a two-dimensional source in order to obtain a plume with virtually constant Ri*. Over the small roughness, the plume depths were generally large compared with the element heights, whereas over the large roughness, plume depths were comparable with the element heights. Retardation of mean velocities in the lower levels of the dense plumes (with compensating increases in the upper levels) was observed, as well as strong suppression of turbulence over quite large fractions of the boundary-layer depth. These effects increased as Ri* increased. Propagation of dense gas was observed upstream of the source due to gravity spreading. The flow within the plumes was observed to become laminar at the larger Ri*. The primary measurements comprised longitudinal surface concentration profiles. Where the plumes were fully turbulent, the plots of inverse concentration versus downwind distance formed reasonably straight lines. The sought-after entrainment velocities are proportional to the slopes of these lines and were found to diminish quite rapidly with Ri*. More in-depth analyses :ind intercomparisons with the results of the other laboratories are contained in a companion paper in this same volume (Briggs et al., 2001, Atmospheric Environment 35, 2265-2284). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ali rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Fluid Modeling Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Snyder, WH (reprint author), 7312 Grist Mill Rd, Raleigh, NC 27615 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2285 EP 2304 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00214-4 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 428ZP UT WOS:000168491800006 ER PT J AU Stensrud, DJ AF Stensrud, DJ TI Using short-range ensemble forecasts for predicting severe weather events SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on European Tornadoes and Severe Storms CY FEB 01-04, 2000 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE DE mesoscale modeling; ensemble forecasting; tornadoes; severe storms ID MESOSCALE MODEL; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; VALIDATION; PARAMETERIZATIONS; REPRESENTATION; PRECIPITATION; MESOCYCLONES; SUPERCELL; SYSTEM AB An ensemble of mesoscale model simulations of the most severe tornadic outbreak of the modern period, 24-15 June 1967, is examined. Results indicate that the fields of convective available potential energy (CAPE), storm-relative environmental helicity (SREH), and bulk Richardson number shear (BRNSHR), are able to provide useful guidance on the region of tornadic supercell thunderstorms for this outbreak. CARE is used to define the region in which convection is possible, SREH is used to define the region in which thunderstorms are likely to be supercells, and BRNSHR is used to define the region in which low-level mesocyclogenesis is more likely. These results highlight the potential value of analyzing various severe weather parameters in forecasting tornadic thunderstorms, and the value of mesoscale ensemble forecasts for predicting severe, life threatening weather events ill Europe. The ensemble also clearly shows the sensitivity and uncertainty of the model simulations to the physical process schemes used. Variations in all three severe weather parameters are significant near regions of convection, which unfortunately are where forecasters need these parameter values to he most reliable. These sensitivities highlight the value of an ensemble system for short-range weather forecasting, since it is clear that if a single model forecast of convective activity goes awry, then it provides little guidance to forecasters concerned with threats to life and property from severe weather. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM David.Stensrud@nssl.noaa.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00079-X PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411MR UT WOS:000167504300002 ER PT J AU Brooks, H Doswell, CA AF Brooks, H Doswell, CA TI Some aspects of the international climatology of tornadoes by damage classification SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on European Tornadoes and Severe Storms CY FEB 01-04, 2000 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE DE international climatology; tornadoes; F-scale ID UNITED-STATES AB Reports of tornadoes, broken down by damage, from seven countries have been examined. In particular, the long-term relatively high-quality dataset from the US is used to develop distributions which indicate that the number of tornadoes decreases log-linearly with increasing F-scale. Two distinct distributions, one apparently associated with supercell tornadogenesis processes and the other with non-supercell processes, are found in both the US data and in other countries. The similarity of the distribution in the US prior to the 1950s, when an official, organized collection effort began, and the French record, suggests that only 15% of French tornadoes are being reported currently. In addition, we can use the simple statistical distributions to estimate the return period of violent tornadoes in France (approximately one every 5-10 years) and the UK (approximately one every 250-300 years). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brooks, H (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00098-3 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411MR UT WOS:000167504300013 ER PT J AU Gaya, M Homar, V Romero, R Ramis, C AF Gaya, M Homar, V Romero, R Ramis, C TI Tornadoes and waterspouts in the Balearic Islands: phenomena and environment characterization SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on European Tornadoes and Severe Storms CY FEB 01-04, 2000 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE DE tornadoes; waterspouts; Balearic Islands ID HELICITY AB In the Balearic Islands, located in the Western Mediterranean, 27 tornadoes and 54 waterspouts have been recorded during the period 1989-1999. A climatology focusing, which focuses on path length, F-scale velocity, season and time of occurrence, is presented. September and October appear to be the months with the highest frequency of appearance. The environment in which thunderstorm producing tornadoes and waterspouts developed has been analysed. Main thermodynamic stability indices reveal that no specific conditions are required for the tornado and waterspout genesis. It is also found that these events form in air masses colder than that indicated by the climatology of the region. Analyses of helicity and CAFE demonstrate that, in most of the cases, the environments were not favourable for mesocyclone formation and supercell development. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Meteorol Illes Balears, Inst Nacl Meteorol, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, Meteorol Grp, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Gaya, M (reprint author), Ctr Meteorol Illes Balears, Inst Nacl Meteorol, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. RI Homar Santaner, Victor/K-2678-2014 OI Homar Santaner, Victor/0000-0003-1459-2003 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 56 IS 1-4 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00076-4 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 411MR UT WOS:000167504300017 ER PT S AU Monroe, C Sackett, CA Kielpinski, D King, BE Langer, C Meyer, V Myatt, CJ Rowe, M Turchette, QA Itano, WM Wineland, DJ AF Monroe, C Sackett, CA Kielpinski, D King, BE Langer, C Meyer, V Myatt, CJ Rowe, M Turchette, QA Itano, WM Wineland, DJ BE Arimondo, E DeNatale, P Inguscio, M TI Scalable entanglement of trapped ions SO ATOMIC PHYSICS 17 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUN 04-09, 2000 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Banca Toscana, Comune Firenze, Univ Firenze, Dept Fis, Univ Pisa, Dept Fis, European Opt Soc, European Phys Soc, CNR, Ist Museo Storia Sci, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; QUANTUM-STATE; MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; TELEPORTATION; VIOLATION; PAIRS; LOGIC AB Entangled states are a crucial component in quantum computers, and are of great interest in their own right, highlighting the inherent nonlocality of quantum mechanics. As part of the drive toward larger entangled states for quantum computing, we have engineered the most complex entangled state so far in a collection of four trapped atomic ions. Notably, we employ a technique which is readily scalable to much larger numbers of atoms. Limits to the current experiment and plans to circumvent these limitations are presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Monroe, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-982-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 551 BP 173 EP 186 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BR85F UT WOS:000167777800013 ER PT S AU Zibrov, AS Hollberg, L Velichansky, VL Scully, MO Lukin, MD Robinson, HG Matsko, AB Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI AF Zibrov, AS Hollberg, L Velichansky, VL Scully, MO Lukin, MD Robinson, HG Matsko, AB Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI BE Arimondo, E DeNatale, P Inguscio, M TI Destruction of darkness: Optical coherence effects and multi-wave mixing in rubidium vapor SO ATOMIC PHYSICS 17 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUN 04-09, 2000 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Banca Toscana, Comune Firenze, Univ Firenze, Dept Fis, Univ Pisa, Dept Fis, European Opt Soc, European Phys Soc, CNR, Ist Museo Storia Sci, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID SELECTIVE REFLECTION; SODIUM VAPOR; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; LAMBDA-SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; INTERFERENCE; OSCILLATION; RESONANCES; POTASSIUM AB We describe several novel experimental effects resulting from optical coherences in multilevel atoms driven with coherent laser fields. Four configurations were explored using Rb vapor cells: lambda dark-line resonances, single beam double-lambda oscillations, and cascade two-photon transitions in co- and counter-propagating geometries. Experiments were performed with high spectral-resolution using low-power diode lasers sources and optically thick cells. Two of the most striking effects we observed are: (1) a self-oscillation that occurs at 3.0 GHz on the Rb-85 hyperfine frequency when a single laser field pumps the atoms, and (2) a coherent blue-beam emission that we observe in the co-propagating cascade two-photon case. These phenomena lead to complex lineshapes, and the effects sometimes dominate the well-known 3-level coherence effects. Additional higher-order mixing or cascaded interferences are apparent in all four experimental configurations. Many of these can be viewed as multi-wave mixing enhanced by optical coherences around closed-loop paths of atomic energy levels. The effects are particularly strong when four-photon closed-loop paths with resonant energy levels are possible, as in, the double-lambda system or as a four-wave mixing "box.". C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015; Velichansky, Vladimir/M-4861-2015; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014 OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066; NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-982-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 551 BP 204 EP 217 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BR85F UT WOS:000167777800015 ER PT S AU Claussen, NR Cornish, SL Roberts, JL Cornell, EA Wieman, CE AF Claussen, NR Cornish, SL Roberts, JL Cornell, EA Wieman, CE BE Arimondo, E DeNatale, P Inguscio, M TI Rb-85 BEC near a Feshbach resonance SO ATOMIC PHYSICS 17 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUN 04-09, 2000 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Banca Toscana, Comune Firenze, Univ Firenze, Dept Fis, Univ Pisa, Dept Fis, European Opt Soc, European Phys Soc, CNR, Ist Museo Storia Sci, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; COLLAPSE; ATOMS; HYDROGEN; CESIUM; GASES; TRAP AB Bose-Einstein condensation has been achieved in a magnetically trapped sample of Rb-85 atoms. Stable condensates of up to 10(4) atoms have been created by using a magnetic-field-induced Feshbach resonance to reverse the sign of the zero-field scattering length. These condensates provide unique opportunities for the study of BEC physics. The variation of the scattering length near the resonance has been used to magnetically tune the condensate self-interaction energy over a very wide range. This range extended from very strong repulsive self-interactions to large attractive ones. The effect of moving the condensate through the Feshbach resonance has been studied and compared with theory. Long-lived metastable condensates with attractive interactions have been produced near the zero of the Feshbach resonance. The transition from repulsive to attractive interactions can lead to a "collapse" of the condensate in which the cloud shrinks below our resolution limit, loses a significant number of atoms due to inelastic losses, and emits a burst of high-energy atoms. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Claussen, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cornish, Simon/K-4966-2012 OI Cornish, Simon/0000-0003-1407-4126 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-982-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 551 BP 325 EP 336 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BR85F UT WOS:000167777800023 ER PT S AU Jin, DS DeMarco, B Papp, S AF Jin, DS DeMarco, B Papp, S BE Arimondo, E DeNatale, P Inguscio, M TI Exploring a quantum degenerate Fermi gas SO ATOMIC PHYSICS 17 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XVIIth International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUN 04-09, 2000 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Banca Toscana, Comune Firenze, Univ Firenze, Dept Fis, Univ Pisa, Dept Fis, European Opt Soc, European Phys Soc, CNR, Ist Museo Storia Sci, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMS AB We discuss the production and study of a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of atoms. The fundamental difficulty in cooling a gas of fermionic atoms is the lack of rethermalizing collisions in a spin-polarized sample. We overcome this difficulty using simultaneous forced evaporation of a two spin-state cloud of K-40 atoms held in a magnetic trap. In the quantum degenerate regime we explore the effects of the Fermi statistics on the thermodynamics of the ultracold gas. Initial studies of the dynamics of a two-component Fermi gas are also discussed. C1 NIST, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-982-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 551 BP 414 EP 425 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BR85F UT WOS:000167777800030 ER PT J AU Dowal, LM Elliot, JT Popov, SG Wilkie, TM Scarlata, S AF Dowal, LM Elliot, JT Popov, SG Wilkie, TM Scarlata, S TI Association of RGS4 to G protein subunits and PLCB1 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 251 BP 56A EP 57A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200260 ER PT J AU Elliott, JT Silin, V Woodward, JT Vanderah, DJ Meuse, CW Kasianowicz, JJ Plant, AL AF Elliott, JT Silin, V Woodward, JT Vanderah, DJ Meuse, CW Kasianowicz, JJ Plant, AL TI Detecting active peptides and proteins in tethered lipid bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 647 BP 145A EP 145A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200669 ER PT J AU Heinz, WF Navarro, B Weston, KD Bernardi, P Goldner, LS AF Heinz, WF Navarro, B Weston, KD Bernardi, P Goldner, LS TI A combined atomic force, confocal, and total internal reflection microscope for the study of single molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 655.4 BP 155A EP 155A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200717 ER PT J AU Kulin, S Kishore, R Helmerson, K Hubbard, J AF Kulin, S Kishore, R Helmerson, K Hubbard, J TI Antibody antigen adhesion studies using optical tweezers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 656.21 BP 163A EP 163A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692200751 ER PT J AU Fronticelli, C Arosio, D Bobofchak, KM Vasquez, GB AF Fronticelli, C Arosio, D Bobofchak, KM Vasquez, GB TI Molecular engineering of a homogeneous polymer of tetrameric hemoglobins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI arosio, daniele/B-3160-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1167 BP 283A EP 283A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201299 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Henrickson, SE Misakian, M Weetall, HH Robertson, B AF Kasianowicz, JJ Henrickson, SE Misakian, M Weetall, HH Robertson, B TI Applications for DNA transport in a single nanopore SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, ACSL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1418 BP 339A EP 339A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201550 ER PT J AU Bu, ZM Neumann, DA Lee, SH Brown, CM Engelman, DM Han, C AF Bu, ZM Neumann, DA Lee, SH Brown, CM Engelman, DM Han, C TI Dynamics changes in the molten globule to native folding studied by quasielastic neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 1427 BP 340A EP 341A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692201559 ER PT J AU Kurnikova, MG Roitberg, AE Beratan, DN AF Kurnikova, MG Roitberg, AE Beratan, DN TI Energetic analysis of F1 ATP synthase conformations and substrate binding. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Chevron Sci Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2142 BP 500A EP 500A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202275 ER PT J AU Scharf, D Koubi, L Tarek, M Bandyopdhyayi, S Klein, ML AF Scharf, D Koubi, L Tarek, M Bandyopdhyayi, S Klein, ML TI Comparing non-immobilizer to anesthetic distribution in a model membrane SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 MA 2154 BP 503A EP 503A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 397JH UT WOS:000166692202287 ER PT J AU Druzhko, AB Shakhbazian, VY Alvarez, R de Lera, AR Weetall, HH AF Druzhko, AB Shakhbazian, VY Alvarez, R de Lera, AR Weetall, HH TI Photoinduced transformation of 14-F-bacteriorhodopsin gelatin films based on both wild type and D96N mutant SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biomaterials; bacteriorhodopsin derivatives; fluorine analogs; gelatin films; optical spectroscopy ID BIOLOGICAL-MATERIAL; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; CHROMOPHORES; PHOTOCYCLE; MEMBRANE; PROTEIN; ANALOGS AB Spectral and kinetic transformations were studied in gelatin films made with 14-F wild type (WT) bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and 14-F D96N mutant BR. Unlike the recent study of watts suspensions of the same pigments, where a red shifted species at 660 nm was shown to form under the light in 14-F WT only. there are no drastic differences in photoinduced behavior between gelatin films based on 14-F WT and 14-F D96N. It is not observed any photoinduced formation of red shifted species at 660 nm for both types, of films as it is observed for corresponding pigments in water suspension. The observed results are explained in a terms of relationship between the rates of two photoinduced processes that occur in suspensions and films of corresponding pigments. Kinetic characteristics of the photoinduced processes for the Elf ms with chemical additives suggest that there are no advantages in using 14-F D96N films when compared to films based on 14-F WT. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Biophys, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Vigo, Dept Organ Chem, Vigo, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Druzhko, AB (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Theoret & Expt Biophys, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Esteban Garcia, Jose/B-7691-2008; OI Rodriguez de Lera, Angel/0000-0001-6896-9078 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PD JAN PY 2001 VL 59 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0303-2647(00)00144-1 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 411DU UT WOS:000167483500006 PM 11226626 ER PT J AU Beletsky, D AF Beletsky, D TI Modeling wind-driven circulation in Lake Ladoga SO BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; DYNAMICS; CURRENTS AB The goal of this paper is to present circulation patterns in Lake Ladoga occurring during episodes of strong wind. Hydrodynamics of episodic events are studied with a three-dimensional barotropic numerical model. Model results are presented for a variety of wind directions and, therefore, can be used for analysis of various biogeochemical data. As an illustration, an analysis of sediment distribution in Lake Ladoga is presented. It is suggested that location of maximum sediment deposition in southeastern Lake Ladoga is due to sediment transport during episodes of strong northwesterly winds. These events generate significant waves in southern Lake Ladoga, causing sediment resuspension and subsequent offshore advection and deposition. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, NOAA, GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Beletsky, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Architecture & Marine Engn, NOAA, GLERL, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INST PI HELSINKI PA P O BOX 140, FIN-00251 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 1239-6095 J9 BOREAL ENVIRON RES JI Boreal Environ. Res. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 4 BP 307 EP 316 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 549GW UT WOS:000175437000006 ER PT J AU Potts, JC Manooch, CS AF Potts, JC Manooch, CS TI Differences in the age and growth of white grunt (Haemulon plumieri) from North Carolina and South Carolina compared with southeast Florida SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB White grunt, Haemulon plumieri, otoliths were collected from headboat and commercial fisheries in North Carolina and South Carolina (n = 607), and southeast Florida (n = 634). In addition, fishery-independent samples (n = 116) were collected from North Carolina and South Carolina. White grunt from the two regions along the southeastern U.S. coast may be separate stocks and should be analyzed separately for management purposes. White grunt from the Carolinas were larger at age than white grunt from southeast Florida. Age and size ranges of Carolina fish were 1-13 yrs and 173-512 mm total length (TL). Age and size ranges of southeast Florida fish were 2-15 yrs and 192-360 mm TL. White grunt caught off the Carolinas by recreational anglers since 1981 have averaged 60 to 100 mm TL larger than those landed by recreational anglers fishing off southeast Florida. The von Bertalanffy growth curves for this species from the Carolinas and southeast Florida are L-t = 591(1-e(-0.08(t+4.21))) and L-t = 327(1-e(-0.19(t+4.21))), respectively. The weight-length relationship of white grunt from North Carolina and South Carolina is W = 1.12 x 10(-5)(L)(3.05) and from southeast Florida, W = 6.33 x 10(-5)(L)(2.73), where W = whole weight in g and L = TL in mm. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Potts, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 68 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 401QR UT WOS:000166940200001 ER PT J AU Menzel, WP AF Menzel, WP TI Cloud tracking with satellite imagery: From the pioneering work of Ted Fujita to the present SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Meterological-Society CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Meterol Soc ID WINDS; METEOSAT; FIELDS AB Tetsuya (Ted) Fujita was a pioneer in remote sensing of atmospheric motion. When meteorological satellites were introduced, he developed techniques for precise analysis of satellite measurements (sequences of images from polar orbiting platforms first and then from geostationary platforms). Soon after his initial work, the ability to track clouds and relate them to flow patterns in the atmosphere was transferred into routine operations at the national forecast centers. Cloud motion vectors derived from geostationary satellite imagery have evolved into an important data source of meteorological information, especially over the, oceans. The current National Environmental Satellite. Data, and Information Service operational production of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite cloud and water vapor motion winds continues to perform well; rms differences with respect to raob's are found to he 6.5-7.5 m s(-1). C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Menzel, WP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 82 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0033:CTWSIF>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390XR UT WOS:000166325500006 ER PT S AU Rao, CRN Zhang, N Sullivan, JT AF Rao, CRN Zhang, N Sullivan, JT BE Tsuchiya, K TI Inter-calibration of meteorological satellite sensors in the visible and near-infrared SO CALIBRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS AND ACCURACY OF DERIVED PHYSICAL PARAMETERS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission A held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Ctr Natl Etud Spatiale, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natle Space Dev Agcy Japan, Comm Space Res ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SPACECRAFT; CHANNELS; AVHRR; DEGRADATION; NOAA-7 AB A simple technique for the inter-calibration of meteorological satellite sensors in the visible and near-infrared is described. The technique is based on using inter-relationships established using model simulations of the radiation measured at the top of the atmosphere by the reference and candidate sensors to transfer the calibration of the former to the latter, using a radiometrically stable desert calibration site as a calibration transfer platform. The application of the technique is illustrated with examples of the inter-calibration of the visible and near-infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the GOES Imager, the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer-2 (ATSR-2), and the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Rao, CRN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT25A UT WOS:000172421700001 ER PT S AU Parr, AC Datla, RU AF Parr, AC Datla, RU BE Tsuchiya, K TI NIST role in radiometric calibrations for remote sensing programs at NASA, NOAA, DOE and DOD SO CALIBRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS AND ACCURACY OF DERIVED PHYSICAL PARAMETERS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Review CT A0 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission A held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Ctr Natl Etud Spatiale, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, NASA, NOAA, Natle Space Dev Agcy Japan, Comm Space Res ID QUALITY MONITOR SQM; FIELD RADIOMETERS; SEAWIFS; SUPPORT AB The Optical Technology Division (OTD) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been actively involved in providing calibration support to establish SI traceable measurement support for the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) radiometric sensors. Specialized transfer standard radiometers traceable to the NIST spectroradiometric scales were built; they cover the visible and infrared spectral range up to 10 mum. An example of this effort has been the calibration support provided for the NASA's SeaWiFS program. The OTD has also developed the Thermal Infrared Transfer Radiometer (TXR) for NASA's EOS program, and measurements are planned at the calibration facilities for the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) that will fly on the Aura spacecraft. The TXR was used for the end-to-end radiometric calibration of a chamber at Los Alamos in support of DOE remote sensing programs. Plans also call for the TXR to be used in a feasibility test of calibration support for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program. The need to calibrate the performance of sensors for missile defense prompted the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) of the Department of Defense (DOD) to sponsor the development of the Low Background Infrared Calibration Facility (LBIR) at NIST. The LBIR facility has been providing calibration of blackbodies and detectors to BMDO/DOD missile test facilities for over ten years. Internationally, OTD has been actively participating in the intercomparisons with other national standard laboratories in the measurement of SI traceable radiometric quantities, The requirements for global warming and climate change studies show the need for high accuracy data from remote sensing platforms. This translates into the need for long term radiometric calibration support for space-based sensors during the course of the mission. As a possibility to provide real time radiometric calibration support for a variety of missions, we will explore the future prospects of deploying Sl traceable transfer standard radiometers on the International Space Station or other such platforms. Such a program would allow for recoverable instruments that could be periodically intercompared with the absolute radiometric standards in the laboratory and thereby provide long term measurement assurance for space based radiometry. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Parr, AC (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00285-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT25A UT WOS:000172421700007 ER PT S AU Kogan, FN Zhu, X AF Kogan, FN Zhu, X BE Tsuchiya, K TI Evolution of long-term errors in NDVI time series: 1985-1999 SO CALIBRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS AND ACCURACY OF DERIVED PHYSICAL PARAMETERS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission A held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Ctr Natl Etud Spatiale, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natle Space Dev Agcy Japan, Comm Space Res ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; CALIBRATION; SPACECRAFT; CHANNELS AB Post-launch calibration coefficients were applied to eliminate time trend in the AVHRR-observed visible and near infrared radiances and in the derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This paper investigate NDVI stability in the NOAA/NESDIS Global Vegetation Index (GVI) data set during 1985-1999, in the period which include three NOAA satellites. Degradation of NDVI over time and NDVI's shifts between the satellites were estimated for 33 targets located in different ecosystems. It was found that in grassland and broadleaf forest ecosystems NDVI time series are relatively stable while in desert and tropical forest targets has considerable time trend.. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, FN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 5 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00329-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT25A UT WOS:000172421700018 ER PT S AU Ohring, G Gruber, A AF Ohring, G Gruber, A BE Tsuchiya, K TI Climate monitoring from operational satellites: Accomplishments, problems, and prospects SO CALIBRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS AND ACCURACY OF DERIVED PHYSICAL PARAMETERS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A0 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission A held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Ctr Natl Etud Spatiale, European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natle Space Dev Agcy Japan, Comm Space Res ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATASET; UPDATE; CLOUDS; ISCCP AB This paper reviews some of the long-term data sets, including those of the World Climate Research Program, constructed from the observations of the operational satellites. Operational weather satellites provide the longterm sustained observations needed for monitoring changes in the Earth's climate. But because the satellites have been designed for weather applications, they lack the orbital and instrumental stabilities needed for measuring the smaller signals associated with decadal climate trends. The lack of onboard calibration of the visible and near-infrared imagers, and the drift in local observing time during a satellite's lifetime, introduce uncertainties in the climatic time series. These effects are illustrated and attempts to correct for them are described. Contributions of these data sets to both seasonal to interrannual, and decadal, climate monitoring are illustrated. Planned improvements in future satellites will significantly enhance our capability to monitor climate from space. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ohring, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Ohring, George/F-5616-2010 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00350-7 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT25A UT WOS:000172421700027 ER PT J AU Judson, M Hardy, JD AF Judson, M Hardy, JD TI First record of Ricinulei (Arachnida) from the Lesser Antilles SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Zool Arthropodes, F-75005 Paris, France. NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Judson, M (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Zool Arthropodes, 61 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 498GQ UT WOS:000172501800022 ER PT J AU Trathan, PN Watkins, JL Murray, AWA Brierley, AS Everson, I Goss, C Priddle, J Reid, K Ward, P AF Trathan, PN Watkins, JL Murray, AWA Brierley, AS Everson, I Goss, C Priddle, J Reid, K Ward, P TI The CCAMLR-2000 Krill Synoptic Survey: A description of the rationale and design SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE krill; synoptic survey; design; Area 48; 2000; CCAMLR ID SOUTH GEORGIA AB The design of the CCAMLR-2000 Krill Synoptic Survey (CCAMLR-2000 Survey) is described. The primary objective of the survey was to improve estimates of the pre-exploitation biomass of krill which are used in models to estimate sustainable yield in Area 48. The survey design includes two large-scale oceanic strata: one in the southwest Atlantic located in the Scotia Sea, and the other to the north of the Antarctic Peninsula (CCAMLR Statistical Subareas 48.1, 48.2, 48.3 and 48.4). Within these large-scale strata, four mesoscale strata were included in the survey design; these were located close to the South Sandwich Islands, north of South Georgia, north of the South Orkney Islands and north of the South Shetland Islands. The rationale underlying the selection of the strata and survey boundaries is described. The methods used for selecting the location of each survey transect are explained and the planned cruise tracks for each of the four vessels participating in the survey are shown. Details are also described for adaptively modifying the survey during its execution. This includes information how net haul stations should be selected and how transects should be modified if the planned survey tracks cannot be completed. The survey took place in January-February 2000 and involved ships from Japan, Russia, UK and the USA. Scientists from many more CCAMLR Member States and the International Whaling Commission (IWC) took part. The survey is by far the biggest single exercise ever carried out by Members in support of the Convention. Full analysis of the results of the CCAMLR-2000 Survey will take several years and will result in a significant increase in the knowledge of krill length frequencies, biomass and distribution in the area studied. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Sea Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. AtlantNIRO, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia. Math Inst, Res Unit Wildlife Populat Assessment, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Pusan, South Korea. Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. RP Trathan, PN (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RI Brierley, Andrew/G-8019-2011 OI Brierley, Andrew/0000-0002-6438-6892 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2001 VL 8 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 494GZ UT WOS:000172274600001 ER PT J AU Subbanna, M Kapur, PC Pradip Malghan, SG AF Subbanna, M Kapur, PC Pradip Malghan, SG TI Population balance model for solid state sintering I. Pore shrinkage and densification SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE sintering; porosity ID GRAIN-GROWTH; POROSITY; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; POWDERS AB A general population balance model incorporating the rate of shrinkage of individual pores during solid state sintering of ceramics is described. The kinetics of pore shrinkage is assumed to follow a simple power law with floating value of the exponent. The resulting equation of continuity is solved for the evolution of pore size distribution in time by a transformation technique. The simulated pore size distributions for a number of ceramic oxide systems are in good agreement with experimental data generated in-house as well as from published sources. The model can be embedded in a coupled phenomenon of densification and grain growth, as shown in Part II. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and Techna S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Tata Res Dev & Design Ctr, Pune 411013, Maharashtra, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pradip (reprint author), Tata Res Dev & Design Ctr, Plot 54 B,Hadapsar Ind Estate, Pune 411013, Maharashtra, India. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0272-8842(00)00043-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 394YT UT WOS:000166552500009 ER PT J AU Sivakumar, S Subbanna, M Sahay, SS Ramakrishnan, V Kapur, PC Pradip Malghan, SG AF Sivakumar, S Subbanna, M Sahay, SS Ramakrishnan, V Kapur, PC Pradip Malghan, SG TI Population balance model for solid state sintering II. Grain growth SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE grain growth; sintering; grain size; microstructure-final ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ALUMINA; ZIRCONIA; DENSIFICATION; SYSTEMS AB A novel population balance model based on size interval-by-size interval marching algorithm has been developed for the transient grain growth kinetics during solid state sintering. This model incorporates the coupled phenomena of densification and grain growth and exhibits reasonable capability of predicting the temporal evolution of grain size distribution for a given initial grain size distribution and time-temperature sintering cycle. In this, part II of our work, we present the coupled governing equation for sintering kinetics. We employ a size interval-by-size interval marching algorithm for the solution of the resulting population balance equation and validation of the model against experimental data for zirconia compacts sintered at 1400, 1500 and 1600 degreesC for different times. In addition, the model has been successfully tested against published experimental data on sintering of alumina compacts. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and Techna S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Tata Res Dev & Design Ctr, Pune 411013, Maharashtra, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pradip (reprint author), Tata Res Dev & Design Ctr, Plot 54 B,Hadapsar Ind Estate, Pune 411013, Maharashtra, India. RI Sahay, Satyam/E-8537-2017 OI Sahay, Satyam/0000-0003-2843-6351 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0272-8842(00)00042-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 394YT UT WOS:000166552500010 ER PT S AU Richter, CA Nguyen, NV Gusev, EP Zabel, TH Alers, GB AF Richter, CA Nguyen, NV Gusev, EP Zabel, TH Alers, GB BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Optical and electrical thickness measurements of alternate gate dielectrics: a fundamental difference SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID ULTRATHIN AB We will describe a fundamental difference between the interpretation of optical and electrical measurements of gate dielectric thickness. This difference has major ramifications on the characterization of, and metrology for, advanced, alternate gate dielectrics and gate dielectric stacks. The purpose of this paper is to clear up possible misunderstandings that arise when comparing the thickness of gate dielectrics derived from optical and electrical measurements. Oxynitride data will be used to illustrate the divergence between optical and electrical measurements of thickness for films with a permittivity near and slightly above that of SiO(2). Experimental characterization of Ta(2)O(5) dielectrics will demonstrate the complementary nature of electrical and optical measurements. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 134 EP 139 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800015 ER PT S AU Russell, CH Owens, SM Deslattes, RD Diebold, A AF Russell, CH Owens, SM Deslattes, RD Diebold, A BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI An examination of tantalum pentoxide thin dielectric films using grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity and powder diffraction SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB We have examined a small group of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) wafers with grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity (GIXR) and powder diffraction. GIXR gives accurate measurements of layer thickness, layer interface widths, and densities for single and multilayer samples. Powder diffraction allows detection of crystallinity, identification of specific phases or verification of amorphous structure. The combination of these two methods permits fairly detailed characterization of polycrystalline thin films. The densities obtained by GIXR vary over a considerable range from 5.08 g/cm(3) to 9.10 g/cm(3). The theoretical densities for the hexagonal form and the orthorhombic form of Ta2O5 are 8.316 g/cm(3) and 8.2 g/cm(3) respectively. The large variation in density suggests that other oxides may have formed or that other polymorphs of Ta2O5 with lower densities may be present in some samples. The powder diffraction results indicate crystallinity in at least some of the samples. While this work has demonstrated good structural characterization, more useful conclusions await study of a well-structured sample matrix. C1 NIST, Div Atom Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Russell, CH (reprint author), NIST, Div Atom Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 140 EP 143 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800016 ER PT S AU Scott, JHJ Windsor, ES Brady, D Canterbury, J Karamcheti, A Chism, W Diebold, AC AF Scott, JHJ Windsor, ES Brady, D Canterbury, J Karamcheti, A Chism, W Diebold, AC BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Gate dielectric thickness metrology using transmission electron microscopy SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB Silicon oxynitride blanket films approximately 2 nm in thickness were characterized in cross section using a 300 keV TEM/STEM. High resolution imaging was used to investigate the accuracy and precision of TEM film thickness measurements and their comparability to other techniques such as spectroscopic ellipsometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and medium energy ion scattering. Silicon oxynitride films were grown by SEMATECH and were characterized by several techniques in a SEMATECH-sponsored round robin. Cross sectional TEM samples were prepared by dimpling/ion milling and HRTEM micrographs were acquired at 297 keV using an imaging energy filter and a multiscan CCD camera. Thickness measurements were performed after calibrating the magnification using a phase contrast image of the silicon substrate. Approximately 10 measurements were performed for each film, including measurements on both sides of the cross section glue line and both sides of the dimple/ion mill perforation. Statistical analysis of the HRTEM thickness measurements reveals that the expanded uncertainty of the technique (with coverage factor k similar or equal to2, designed to estimate a 95% confidence interval) can be larger than 0.33 nm. C1 NIST, Div Surface Microanal Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scott, JHJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Surface Microanal Sci, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 144 EP 148 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800017 ER PT S AU Landree, E Jach, T Brady, D Karamcheti, A Canterbury, J Chism, W Diebold, AC AF Landree, E Jach, T Brady, D Karamcheti, A Canterbury, J Chism, W Diebold, AC BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Characterization of silicon-oxynitride dielectric thin films using grazing incidence x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID PHOTOEMISSION AB To achieve the future goals for logic device dielectric film thickness and composition metrology, a set of well-characterized calibration reference material standards are needed for validating real-time diagnostic techniques used during production. However, there are only a finite number of techniques capable of providing the desired information within this thickness range. Furthermore, the techniques available can disagree on the absolute measured film thickness by an amount that is greater than their respective measurement uncertainty. It is evident that more information is needed to establish a measurement technique capable of satisfying this requirement for the ULSI semiconductor manufacturing industry. A promising technique for characterizing ultrathin films is grazing incidence x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (GIXPS). GIXPS utilizes the dependence on the material properties of the film, along with the incident angle of the xrays to control the electric field penetration into the sample. By varying the angle of incidence from zero to some value slightly greater than the angle for total x-ray external reflection, it is possible to nondestructively probe the nature of the film depth profile. The desired physical properties, such as film profile, density and thickness, are extracted by constructing a model of the film structure and comparing the measured angle-dependent photoemission spectrum to the calculated spectrum. The measured dielectric thin film thickness and the film depth profile from a diverse group of silicon oxynitride samples in the range of 2 nm to 5 nm will be discussed. In addition, challenges associated with the dependence of the technique upon various fundamental materials parameters will be addressed. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Landree, E (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 159 EP 163 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800020 ER PT S AU Marinenko, RB Armstrong, J Kaiser, DL Ritter, JJ Schenck, PK Bouldin, C Blendell, JE Levin, I AF Marinenko, RB Armstrong, J Kaiser, DL Ritter, JJ Schenck, PK Bouldin, C Blendell, JE Levin, I BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Fabrication and electron microprobe characterization of barium-strontium-titanate (BST) films SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID THIN-FILMS AB Barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films of varying composition and thickness (5 nm to 400 nm) on (100)Si or Pt/(100)Si substrates were measured using an electron microprobe analyzer with wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometers. Most of the films were fabricated at NIST by a metalorganic deposition approach. Several films from external sources that were fabricated by sputtering of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were also measured. For some of the films, the compositions determined by electron microprobe were in good agreement with the nominal compositions provided by the film suppliers. However, for other films, including the thinnest ones, there were discrepancies between the measured and nominal compositions and thicknesses. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, MS 8371, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marinenko, RB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, MS 8371, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 164 EP 168 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800021 ER PT S AU Germer, TA AF Germer, TA BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Characterizing interfacial roughness by light scattering ellipsometry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID SPECTROSCOPIC IMMERSION ELLIPSOMETRY; THERMAL-OXIDATION; SI(001)/SIO2 INTERFACE; SURFACE MICROROUGHNESS; SUBSURFACE DEFECTS; THIN-FILMS; DEPENDENCE; SILICON; POLARIZATION; MULTILAYER AB The polarization of light scattered by oxide films thermally grown on photolithographically-generated microrough silicon was measured as functions of scattering angle. Using the predictions of first-order vector perturbation theory for scattering from interfacial roughness to interpret the results, the roughness of each interface and the correlation function between the two interfaces can be determined. The results show the spatial frequency dependence of the SiO2/Si interface smoothening. The impact of these results on the inspection of silicon wafers with dielectric films is discussed. C1 NIST, Optoelect Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Optoelect Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 186 EP 190 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800025 ER PT S AU Marx, E Malik, IJ Bristow, T Poduje, N Stover, JC AF Marx, E Malik, IJ Bristow, T Poduje, N Stover, JC BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Power spectral density functions for Si wafer surfaces using six measurement techniques SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB Power spectral densities (PSDs) were used to characterize a set of surfaces over a wide range of lateral as well as perpendicular dimensions. Twelve 200-mm-diameter Si wafers were prepared and the surface finishes ranged from as-ground wafers to epitaxial wafers. The wafer surfaces were then measured with different methods: atomic force microscopy, angle-resolved light scatter, interferometric microscopy, optical profiling, stylus profiling, and capacitance-based wafer thickness gaging. The data were used to compute one-dimensional PSDs and the curves were plotted as functions of spatial frequencies, comparing results for different samples or for different instruments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 201 EP 206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800028 ER PT S AU Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA AF Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Investigation and control of spatial characteristics of chamber-cleaning plasmas SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; REFERENCE CELL; DISCHARGES; UNIFORMITY; SYSTEM; CF2 AB Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements were made to determine 2-D spatial maps of CF2 density as a chemical marker of plasma uniformity in 9% O-2/91% CF4 chamber-cleaning plasmas. Measurements were made in the capacitively-coupled Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) RF Reference Cell as pressure was varied from 13.3 Pa (100 mTorr) to 133.3 Pa (1000 mTorr) and electrode gap was varied from 2.25 cm to 0.5 cm. Discharge current and voltage measurements were also made and compared to the optical measurements. Smaller gaps resulted in increased radial uniformity and extended the pressure range over which CF2 density and electrical properties remain constant. These results provide insight into the optimization of chamber-cleaning processes and reactors as well as provide necessary data for validation of plasma simulations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steffens, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 233 EP 237 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800033 ER PT S AU Goyette, AN Wang, YC Olthoff, JK AF Goyette, AN Wang, YC Olthoff, JK BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Comparison of the identities, fluxes, and energies of ions formed in high density fluorocarbon discharges SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID RF REFERENCE CELL; PLASMA; ARGON; CF3I AB Positive ion bombardment plays an essential role in plasma processing, influencing etch rates, materials selectivity and etching profiles. Experimental determination of ion identities and energies in processing plasmas provides complementary data necessary to validate the accuracy of plasma models, and contributes to a fundamental understanding of the underlying discharge physics and chemistry. We present a comparative summary of ion compositions and energy distributions in inductively coupled discharges sustained in six fluorinated compounds: CF4, CHF3, C2F6, c-C4F8, CF3I and CF3CH2F. Mass-resolved ion fluxes and energies are measured using a combined energy analyzer-mass spectrometer that samples ions extracted through an orifice in the lower electrode of an inductively coupled Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) rf reference cell. These compounds represent common plasma processing gases as well as two gases with significantly lower global warming potentials, CF3I and CF3CH2F. We compare the identities of the significant ions formed, the relative yields of CFx+ and secondary ions, the width and structure of the ion energy distributions, and the mean ion energies in these six plasma chemistries. The general effects of plasma operating conditions and Ar dilution on these properties are summarized. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goyette, AN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 238 EP 242 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800034 ER PT S AU Meyer, CW DeWitt, DP Kreider, KG Lovas, FJ Tsai, BK AF Meyer, CW DeWitt, DP Kreider, KG Lovas, FJ Tsai, BK BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI ITS-90 calibration of radiation thermometers for RTP using wire/thin-film thermocouples on a wafer SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID TEMPERATURE AB Light-pipe radiation thermometers (LPRTs) are the sensor system of choice in RTP tools. They can be calibrated against blackbodies with an uncertainty (k=1) less than 0.3 degreesC. In an RTP tool, however, account must be made for wafer emissivity and wafer-chamber interreflections, or else temperature measurement uncertainties will be orders of magnitude higher. We have used two complementary approaches for accomplishing this: 1) in situ calibration using high-accuracy wire/thin-film thermocouples calibrated on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) and 2) developing optical models to estimate the effective emissivity of the wafer epsilon (eff) when used in the radiation environment of the RTP tool. The temperature measurement uncertainty of LPRTs using either technique is 2.1 degreesC or less. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meyer, CW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 254 EP 258 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800037 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, MA AF Sobolewski, MA BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Monitoring ion current and ion energy during plasma processing using radio-frequency current and voltage measurements SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID CAPACITIVE RF SHEATH; DISCHARGES; DISTRIBUTIONS; DENSITY AB To obtain optimal, results from plasma processing, the energy of ions incident on the substrate and their current or flux must be carefully monitored and controlled. Although several common diagnostic techniques can be used to measure ion current and ion energy, these techniques are usually not compatible with the processes and reactors used by industry. Methods have been proposed for determining ion properties from the applied rf current and voltage, which are easily measured in commercial reactors. However, such methods are often inaccurate because they rely on false or untested assumptions. Here, a new, more accurate method is presented which makes use of a complete model of the time-dependent ion dynamics in the plasma sheath. The model was validated by comparison to measurements for high-density discharges in an inductively coupled GEC Reference Cell. Measurements were performed for argon discharges at pressures of 1.33 Pa (10 mTorr) for inductive source powers up to 370 W, rf bias powers up to 150 W, and rf bias frequencies of 1 MHz to 10 MHz. Comparisons with previous techniques for monitoring ion current and ion energy show the improvement in accuracy obtained by the new technique. C1 NIST, Process Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Process Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 263 EP 267 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800039 ER PT S AU Benck, EC Etemadi, K AF Benck, EC Etemadi, K BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Fiber optic based optical tomography sensor for monitoring plasma uniformity SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB A new type of fiber optic based optical tomography sensor has been developed for in situ monitoring of plasma, uniformity. Optical tomography inverts optical emission measurements into the actual plasma distribution without assuming radial symmetry. The new sensor is designed to operate with only two small windows and acquire the necessary data in less than a second. Optical tomography is being tested on an ICP-GEC RF plasma source. Variations in plasma uniformity are measured as a function of different plasma conditions. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benck, EC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 268 EP 272 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800040 ER PT S AU Davis, RW Moore, EF Maslar, JE Burgess, DR Kremer, DM Ehrman, SH AF Davis, RW Moore, EF Maslar, JE Burgess, DR Kremer, DM Ehrman, SH BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI A numerical/experimental investigation of microcontamination in a rotating disk chemical vapor deposition reactor SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID FLOW AB Driven by a relentless decrease in feature size, the allowable particle contaminant size during semiconductor fabrication is now less than 100 nm. Particles in this size range (microcontaminants) in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactors are primarily gas-phase generated and are poorly understood. The purpose of the investigation described here is to enhance the understanding of the formation, transport and growth of microcontaminants in thermal CVD reactors. The approach being employed is to carry out a combined numerical/experimental study in which the particle dynamics are both modeled and optically probed in a rotating disk CVD reactor. The rotating disk configuration is utilized because of its simple and well-defined flow in which a particle layer forms in a highly accessible region of the reactor just above the substrate. Numerical/experimental comparisons of layer location and shape as a function of disk rotation rate are shown to be excellent if two empirically-determined parameters in the model are properly chosen. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 292 EP 296 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800043 ER PT S AU Mulholland, GW Chen, DR Pui, DYH AF Mulholland, GW Chen, DR Pui, DYH BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Comparison of size distribution of polystyrene spheres produced by pneumatic and electrospray nebulization SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB The performance of an electrospray system for nebulizing polystyrene spheres in terms of particle size distribution and ease of use is compared with that of a standard pneumatic nebulizer. Polystyrene spheres with nominal sizes of 30 run, 50 nun, 75 mn, and 100 run are used The resulting size distributions are measured using differential mobility analysis modified to operate with a matched aerosol inlet and outlet flow. These sizes are relevant to the needs of the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Specifically, particles as small as 50 run need to be detected by 2001 to meet the 150 nm design rule and as small as 33 mn by year 2006 to meet the 100 nm design rule. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800049 ER PT S AU Wu, WL Lin, EK Lin, QH Angelopolous, M AF Wu, WL Lin, EK Lin, QH Angelopolous, M BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Small-angle neutron scattering measurements for the characterization of lithographically prepared structures SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; SIDEWALL ROUGHNESS; EDGE-ROUGHNESS AB The continuing decrease in feature sizes in the semiconductor and other nanofabriation industries has placed increasingly stringent demands on current microscopy-based techniques to precisely measure both the critical dimensions and the quality (i.e. line-edge roughness) of these structures. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments provide a quick, non-destructive, and quantitative measurement of the three-dimensional shape and quality of lithographically prepared structures as fabricated on a silicon substrate. We demonstrate the application of SANS for the characterization of nanoscale structures using periodic 150 nm parallel lines prepared using standard 248 nm photolithographic processes. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800054 ER PT S AU Dowell, ML Cromer, CL Jones, RD Keenan, DA Scott, TR AF Dowell, ML Cromer, CL Jones, RD Keenan, DA Scott, TR BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI New developments in deep ultraviolet laser metrology for photolithography SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB Current and future laser measurement services at 157, 193 and 248 nm will be reviewed. Laser power and energy measurements at 193 nm will be presented; electrical calibration issues will be reviewed. We report an overall calibration uncertainty of laser power and energy meters of less than 2 %. Characterization measurements for ultraviolet materials also will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Dowell, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,M-S 815 01, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 361 EP 363 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800055 ER PT S AU Fox, S Kornegay, E Silver, R AF Fox, S Kornegay, E Silver, R BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Characterization of CCD cameras and optics for dimensional metrology SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID SELF-CALIBRATION AB Optical semiconductor characterization and metrology rely heavily on digital camera imaging and its associated optical imaging systems. This work characterizes the performance of a widely used, commercially available camera and compares its performance to that of a state of the art digital camera. It is shown that well corrected lens systems may still exhibit high spatial frequency variations leading to errors of several nanometers for a 1 mum pitch measurement. Methods for mapping and correction of such errors are also presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fox, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 378 EP 382 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800058 ER PT S AU Stafford, G Moffat, T Jovic, V Kelley, D Bonevich, J Josell, D Vaudin, M Armstrong, N Huber, W Stanishevsky, A AF Stafford, G Moffat, T Jovic, V Kelley, D Bonevich, J Josell, D Vaudin, M Armstrong, N Huber, W Stanishevsky, A BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Cu electrodeposition for on-chip interconnections SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; COPPER DEPOSITION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE; ADDITIVES; CU(100); SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; TRENCHES AB The electrochemical behavior of copper in copper sulfate - sulfuric acid containing various combinations of NaCl, sodium 3-mercapto-1propanesulfonate (MPSA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is examined. The i-E (current-potential) deposition characteristics of the electrolytes reveal a hysteretic response associated with the Cl-PEG-MPSA system that can be usefully employed to monitor and explore additive efficacy and consumption. Likewise, resistivity measurements performed on corresponding blanket films can be used to quantify the extent of additive incorporation and its influence on microstructural evolution. The films deposited from the Cl-PEG-MPSA electrolyte exhibit spontaneous recrystallization at room temperature that results in a 23% drop in resistivity within a few hours of deposition. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 402 EP 406 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800062 ER PT S AU Chen-Mayer, HH Lamaze, GP Satija, SK AF Chen-Mayer, HH Lamaze, GP Satija, SK BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Characterization of BPSG films using Neutron Depth Profiling and neutron/x-ray reflectometry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) films with a nominal thickness of 200 nm on Si wafers have been characterized using Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) and neutron and x-ray reflectometry at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NDP measures the total boron concentration and distribution. The x-ray reflectivity provides information on the thickness and density of the thin surface oxide layer and the density of the thick BPSG layer, whereas neutron reflectivity reveals the thickness of the BPSG layer. A more complete picture can be established to identify problems in semiconductor fabrication processes that cause undesirable dopant concentration and distribution, or density variations due to doping or implants. We report a first comparison of complementary information on the BPSG films obtained using the three techniques. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen-Mayer, HH (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 407 EP 411 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800063 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Lin, EK Lan, JK Cheng, YL Liou, HC Wu, WL Wang, YL Feng, MS Chao, CG AF Lee, HJ Lin, EK Lan, JK Cheng, YL Liou, HC Wu, WL Wang, YL Feng, MS Chao, CG BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Investigation of N-2 plasma effects on the depth profile of hydrogen silsesquioxane thin films using high resolution specular x-ray reflectivity SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID COPPER DIFFUSION; SCATTERING AB Non-destructive, specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) measurements were used to investigate N-2 plasma effects on the density depth profile of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) thin films. The SXR data indicate that the density profile of an HSQ film without plasma treatment is not uniform with at least four layers with different electron densities. When the HSQ film is treated with increasing plasma power or time exposed to the plasma, oscillations present in the SXR profile of the as-cured HSQ film decrease in amplitude and the absolute value of the reflectivity rapidly decreases. These changes in the reflectivity data are due to increases in the film roughness. Additionally, a layer denser than the rest of the film was observed at the film/air interface of each HSQ film. The thickness of the densified layer increased with plasma power and plasma exposure time. An HSQ film treated with NZ plasma at 200 W for 60 s had an HSQ layer almost fully densified to SiO2 and was approximately 14 nm thick. When the plasma power was 600 W and the exposure time was 60 s, the entire HSQ film (around 400 nm thick) was affected by the plasma. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 440 EP 443 DI 10.1142/9789812799678_0041 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800068 ER PT S AU Snyder, CR AF Snyder, CR BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI High sensitivity technique for measurement of thin film out-of-plane expansion. II. Conducting and semiconducting samples SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID PRECISION CAPACITANCE CELL; THERMAL-EXPANSION; POLYMER-FILMS; COEFFICIENT AB This paper describes the construction, calibration, and use of a precision capacitance-based metrology for the measurement of the thermal and hygrothermal (swelling) expansion of thin films. It is demonstrated that with this version of our capacitance cell, materials ranging in electronic properties from insulator to conductors can be measured. The results of measurements on p-type < 100 > oriented single crystal silicon are compared to the recommended standard reference values from the literature and are shown to be in excellent agreement. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snyder, CR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 444 EP 448 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800069 ER PT S AU Lin, EK Lee, H Wang, H Wu, WL AF Lin, EK Lee, H Wang, H Wu, WL BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Structure and property characterization of low-k dielectric porous thin films determined by x-ray reflectivity and small-angle neutron scattering SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NANOPOROUS SILICA AB A novel methodology using a combination of high energy ion scattering, x-ray reflectivity, and small angle neutron scattering is developed to characterize the structure and properties of porous thin films for use as low-k dielectric materials. Ion scattering is used to determine the elemental composition of the film. X-ray reflectivity is used to measure the average electron density, film thickness, and electron density depth profile. Small angle neutron scattering is used to determine the pore structure and pore connectivity. Combining information from all three techniques, the film porosity and matrix material density can be uniquely determined. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Elect Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, EK (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Elect Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800071 ER PT S AU Wollman, DA Nam, SW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Rudman, DA Bergren, NF Deiker, S Martinis, JM Huber, ME Newbury, DE AF Wollman, DA Nam, SW Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Rudman, DA Bergren, NF Deiker, S Martinis, JM Huber, ME Newbury, DE BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Low voltage microanalysis using microcalorimeter EDS SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID TRANSITION-EDGE-MICROCALORIMETER; EV ENERGY RESOLUTION; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SPECTROMETER AB We present the current performance of the prototype high-resolution microcalorimeter energy-dispersive spectrometer (mu cal EDS) developed at NIST for x-ray microanalysis. In particular, the low-energy mu cal EDS, designed for operation in the energy range from 0.2 keV to 2 keV, offers significant advantages for low-beam-voltage (high-spatial-resolution) x-ray microanalysis for critical applications in the semiconductor industry such as particle analysis. We present several examples in which the low-energy mu cal EDS has successfully solved problems important to the semiconductor industry, including analyses of small contaminant particles (Al, At oxide, Cu oxide) and thin films (TiN, Ti oxide, 0.5 % by weight Cu in Al). We also the future development of a large-format microcalorimeter array with significantly improved total effective area and total count rate. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wollman, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 506 EP 510 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800077 ER PT S AU Powell, CJ Jablonski, A AF Powell, CJ Jablonski, A BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Measurement of silicon dioxide film thicknesses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; 50-2000-EV RANGE; CROSS-SECTION; ELEMENTS; DEPTH; AES; XPS AB It is now customary for the effects of elastic-electron scattering to be ignored in measurements of the thicknesses of overlayer films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is known, however, that elastic scattering can cause the effective attenuation length (EAL), needed for the thickness measurement, to be often different from the corresponding inelastic mean free path (IMFP). We have investigated the effects of elastic-electron scattering in measurements of thicknesses of SiO2 films on Si from XPS measurements with Al and Mg K alpha x rays. Calculations were made of substrate and oxide Si 2p photoelectron currents for different oxide thicknesses and emission angles using an algorithm based on the transport approximation. This algorithm accounts for the occurrence of elastic scattering along electron trajectories in the solid. The calculations simulated an angle-resolved XPS experiment in which the angle between the x-ray source and the analyzer axis was 54 degrees, It was found that the average EAL, determined from the substrate currents with and without an oxide overlayer of a certain thickness, varied weakly with oxide thickness and emission angle ct for a restricted range of emission angles. For alpha less than or equal to 55 degrees and for oxide thicknesses such that the substrate current was reduced to not less than 1 % of its original value, the average EAL was between 0.89 and 0.93 of the corresponding IMFP for Mg K alpha x rays and between 0.90 and 0.94 for Al K alpha x rays. For 60 degrees less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 80 degrees ,the average EAL was between 0.92 and 1.33 of the IMFP for Mg K alpha x rays and between 0.93 and 1.30 of the IMFP for Al K alpha x rays. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 591 EP 595 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800091 ER PT S AU Small, JA Bright, DS AF Small, JA Bright, DS BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Comparison of high- and low-voltage x-ray mapping of an electronic device SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB In recent years, field-emission gun scanning electron microscopes, FEG-SEMs, with high-brightness electron guns and excellent performance at low electron beam energies (E-0 less than or equal to 5 keV) have become readily available. Concurrently the performance of solid-state x-ray detectors such as the Si-Li detector has improved significantly and with the addition of ultra-thin window materials these devices are easily capable of detecting characteristic x-rays with energies as low as 150 eV. In conventional x-ray mapping the energy of the electron beam is usually 15 keV-25 keV and the maps are acquired with the K, L, and M shell x-ray lines with energies from 1keV to 15 keV. At these electron beam energies, the lateral resolution of the x-ray maps is on the order of 1 mum -3 mum. Reducing the electron beam energy to 5 keV or below and utilizing the K, L, and M lines with energies from 400 eV to 4 keV should significantly improve the lateral resolution of the x-ray maps. In this study, x-ray maps were acquired for SI-K x-rays at 1.74 keV and O-K x-rays at 0.53 keV on a poly Si gate region of a CMOS device. The maps were acquired at a magnification of 70,000 diameters at beam energies of 15 keV and 5 keV. The 15 keV maps showed little or no variation in intensity corresponding to the device structure. In comparison, the intensity variation in the 5 keV maps correlated well with the Si and SiO2 features in the device. In addition the intensity profiles from the 5 keV maps were used to estimate the effective resolution of the Si and O maps at 16nm and 130 nm respectively. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Small, JA (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 596 EP 600 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800092 ER PT S AU Powell, CJ AF Powell, CJ BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Current projects of ISO Technical Committee 201 on Surface Chemical Analysis SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB An overview is given of current work projects of Technical Committee 201 on Surface Chemical Analysis of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO/TC 201 has subcommittees for Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and glow discharge spectroscopy, and a working group for total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. There are work projects for these analytical techniques and for sputter depth profiling, data management and treatment, specimen preparation, reference materials, and terminology. As an example of these projects, a description is given of a new procedure for the calibration of the binding-energy (BE) scales of XPS instruments that enables a laboratory to demonstrate that BE measurements have been made within user-specified tolerance limits. A similar procedure has been developed for the calibration of the kinetic-energy scales of AES instruments. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 601 EP 604 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800093 ER PT S AU Rennex, BG Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF AF Rennex, BG Kopanski, JJ Marchiando, JF BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI FASTC2D: Software for extracting 2D carrier profiles from scanning capacitance microscopy images SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID DETERMINING DOPANT PROFILES AB FASTC2D is a Windows based computer program for conversion of two-dimensional (2D) scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) images of doped silicon into 2D carrier profiles. It utilizes interactive, user-friendly software to allow a user to enter electrical and measurement parameters, to model the tip, and to navigate among the various choices for calculation and analysis. It achieves fast carrier profile extraction using interpolation on a rigorous database of theoretical SCM response calculated off-line. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rennex, BG (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 635 EP 640 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800098 ER PT S AU McBride, DE Kopanski, JJ Belzer, BJ AF McBride, DE Kopanski, JJ Belzer, BJ BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Gate oxide formation under mild conditions for Scanning Capacitance Microscopy SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID P-N-JUNCTIONS; SURFACE AB Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) can be used to measure doping density in silicon with a spatial resolution of about 10 nm. In order to make such measurements on fabricated devices, the device must be cross-sectioned, and an oxide sufficient to form an MOS capacitor with the SCM probe tip must be grown on the cut face without affecting the device structure. Thus thermal oxidation under conditions usually employed to grow the gate oxide (approximate to 900 degreesC) cannot be used. We have systematically investigated oxide growth on silicon under mild conditions. An oxide sufficient for SCM can be grown thermally on a clean, polished silicon surface at temperatures of 300 degreesC and above. In addition, such an oxide can be made near room temperature in the presence of ozone generated by intense ultraviolet light. SCM measurements using such an oxide show stable flatband voltages and breakdown voltages above 3 V. The oxide thickness, measured ellipsometrically, is (2.0 +/- 0.2) nm. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McBride, DE (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 657 EP 661 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800102 ER PT S AU Paul, RL Simons, DS AF Paul, RL Simons, DS BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Neutron activation analysis for calibration of phosphorus implantation dose SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB A feasibility study was undertaken to determine if radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) can be used to certify the retained dose of phosphorus implanted in silicon, with the goal of producing a phosphorus SRM. Six pieces of silicon, implanted with a nominal phosphorus dose of 8.5 x 10(14) atoms . cm(-2) were irradiated at a neutron flux of 1.05 x 10(14) cm(-2).s(-1). The samples were mixed with carrier, dissolved in acid, the phosphorus isolated by chemical separation, and P-32 measured using a beta proportional counter. A mean phosphorus concentration of (8.35 +/- 0.20) x 10(14) atoms . cm(-2) (uncertainty = 1 standard deviation) was determined for the six samples, in agreement with the nominal implanted dose. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 677 EP 681 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800105 ER PT S AU Chi, PH Simons, DS McKinley, JM Stevie, FA Granger, CN AF Chi, PH Simons, DS McKinley, JM Stevie, FA Granger, CN BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI High precision measurements of arsenic implantation dose in silicon by secondary ion mass spectrometry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL AB The Metrology section of the 1999 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) specifies in-line dopant profile concentration precision requirements ranging from a value of 5 % in 1999 to a value of 2 % in 2008. These values are to be accomplished with "low systematic error". Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has a demonstrated capability to meet these requirements for B, As, and P. However, the detailed analytical protocols required to achieve these goals have not been completely specified. This paper reports the parameters that must be controlled to make highly repeatable dose measurements of arsenic implants in silicon with magnetic sector SIMS instruments. Instrument conditions that were investigated include arsenic analytical species, matrix ion species, energy bandpass, and sample holder design. With optimized settings, we demonstrate the ability to distinguish arsenic implant doses differing by 5 %. Low systematic error is achieved by referencing the measurements to NIST SRM 2134, which has a certified arsenic dose value of 7.33 x 10(14) cm(-2) and an expanded dose uncertainty of only 0.38 %. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chi, PH (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 682 EP 686 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800106 ER PT S AU Gillen, G Roberson, S Fahey, A Walker, M Bennett, J Lareau, RT AF Gillen, G Roberson, S Fahey, A Walker, M Bennett, J Lareau, RT BE Seller, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Bullis, WM Smith, PJ Secula, EM TI Cluster primary ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry for semiconductor characterization SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2000, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD SP NIST, Semicond Electr Div, Natl Semicond Metrol Program, Electr & Elect Engn Lab, Int Semicond Mfg Techno, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Vacuum Soc, Mfg Sci & Technol Techn Grp, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Amer Phys Soc, Forum Ind & Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Semicond Res Corp HO NATL INST STANDARD & TECHNOL ID SF5+; INSTRUMENT AB We are evaluating the use of polyatomic and cluster primary ion beams for characterization of semiconductor materials by secondary ion mass spectrometry using both magnetic sector and time-of-flight SIMS instruments. Primary ion beams of SF5+, C-8(-) and CsC6- have been used to analyze low energy arsenic implants in silicon, boron delta-doped structures, thin gate oxides, metal multilayers, organic surface contamination and photoresist thin films. Compared to monoatomic bombardment under the same conditions, cluster ion beams offer improved depth resolution for silicon depth profiling and a reduction in sputter-induced topography for metals. For organic materials, the use of a cluster ion beam can give large improvements in yield for characteristic secondary ions and can minimize beam-induced degradation in some materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gillen, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-967-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 550 BP 687 EP 691 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BR96C UT WOS:000168183800107 ER PT J AU Schmitz, TL Davies, MA Medicus, K Snyder, J AF Schmitz, TL Davies, MA Medicus, K Snyder, J TI Improving high-speed machining material removal rates by rapid dynamic analysis SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high speed machining; material removal rate; sub-structure analysis AB Stability prediction and chatter avoidance in high-speed machining requires knowledge of the tool point dynamics. In this paper, three advances toward the rapid identification of the tool point frequency response and corresponding stable cutting parameters are described: 1) stable speeds determination using non-contact periodic impulsive excitation of the tool point (produced by spindle rotation and a stationary magnet) in conjunction with once-per-revolution sampling, 2) Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis for the analytic prediction of the tool point response, and 3) once-per-revolution sampling of the audio signal during cutting to determine stability behavior. C1 NIST, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Schmitz, TL (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 1 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62119-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 464WQ UT WOS:000170556700063 ER PT J AU Peters, J Bryan, JB Estler, WT Evans, C Kunzmann, H Lucca, DA Sartori, S Sato, H Thwaite, EG Vanherck, P AF Peters, J Bryan, JB Estler, WT Evans, C Kunzmann, H Lucca, DA Sartori, S Sato, H Thwaite, EG Vanherck, P TI Contribution of CIRP to the development of metrology and surface quality evaluation during the last fifty years SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st General Assembly of CIRP CY AUG 19-25, 2001 CL NANCY, FRANCE SP CIRP DE metrology; precision engineering; surface quality ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; INSTRUMENT; AIR AB An overview of the contribution of the members of the C.I.R.P. community to the progress of Metrology and Surface Roughness Quality Evaluation is given. The following items are included in the part on metrology: brief overview of the existing situation before 1950, contribution to the successive definitions of the unit of length and related reference length standards, traceability, preliminary work to standardization, thermal effects, design and construction of precision machine tools and measuring machines, CMM, large scale metrology. In the field of surface quality evaluation, the following items are reviewed: reference profiles and related definitions of parameters, filtering, surface and subsurface integrity, functional meaning of parameters, instrumentation, scanning probe microscopy, 3D surface evaluation. A comprehensive list of references is provided. C1 PMA KULeuven, Louvain, Belgium. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Zygo Corp, Middlefield, CT USA. PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. IMGC, Turin, Italy. Chuo Univ, Tokyo 112, Japan. CSIRO, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Tech Univ, Chemnitz, Germany. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peters, J (reprint author), PMA KULeuven, Louvain, Belgium. NR 189 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 2 BP 471 EP 488 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62996-5 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 540PV UT WOS:000174938100005 ER PT B AU Dyer, SD Espejo, RJ AF Dyer, SD Espejo, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Fast and accurate characterization of optical components using low-coherence interferometry SO CLEO(R)/PACIFIC RIM 2001, VOL I, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEICE Elect Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Optoelect Ind & Technol Dev Assoc ID GRATING DISPERSION AB Low-coherence interferometry yields a high-resolution measurement of a component's spectral and dispersion properties. We show that this technique can be applied to cascaded components, and this measurement is not adversely affected by other components in the system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6738-3 PY 2001 BP 478 EP 479 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX70U UT WOS:000186182500226 ER PT S AU Zimmerman, RJ Nance, JM AF Zimmerman, RJ Nance, JM BE Rabalais, NN TI Effects of hypoxia on the shrimp fishery of Louisiana and Texas SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SCIENCES, VOL 58: COASTAL HYPOXIA: CONSEQUENCES FOR LIVING RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS SE COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coastal and Estuarine Studies CY MAR, 1998 CL BATON ROUGE, LA ID PENAEUS-SETIFERUS LINNAEUS; AZTECUS IVES AB Large-scale hypoxia, recently approaching 20,000 km(2), overlaps with habitat and fishing grounds of commercial shrimp species in Louisiana and Texas shelf waters. It is expected that an environmental impact of this magnitude would have an effect on the shrimp population that is reflected in catch statistics. In this paper, we examine the geographic distribution and amount of shrimp catch in relation to location and size of the hypoxic zone. The results are interpreted in context with what is known about the life cycles and habits of the two shrimp species involved and the behavior of shrimp fisheries. A significant negative relationship was evident between catch of brown shrimp from Texas and Louisiana waters versus the relative size of the mid-summer hypoxic zone. In addition, Texas catch was significantly dependent upon Louisiana catch, a relationship that has become stronger since 1980. Catch per unit effort of brown shrimp also has declined significantly during a recent interval in which hypoxia was known to expand. Importantly, the same relationships were not significant between hypoxia and catches of white shrimp. As hypothesized, owing to their more offshore habitat requirements, brown shrimp were impacted to a greater degree than white shrimp. The annual success of shrimp fisheries, like most commercial fisheries, is highly related to environmental factors. The combined evidence indicates that hypoxia in Louisiana, due to its large area of coverage, has increased as an environmental factor for shrimp in recent decades. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Zimmerman, RJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0733-9569 BN 0-87590-272-3 J9 COAST EST S JI Coast. Est. S. PY 2001 VL 58 BP 293 EP 310 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BT70K UT WOS:000173805400015 ER PT S AU Smith, JW AF Smith, JW BE Rabalais, NN TI Distribution of catch in the gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, purse seine fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico from logbook information: Are there relationships to the hypoxic zone? SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SCIENCES, VOL 58: COASTAL HYPOXIA: CONSEQUENCES FOR LIVING RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS SE COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coastal and Estuarine Studies CY MAR, 1998 CL BATON ROUGE, LA AB The gulf menhaden reduction fishery is conducted by approximately 50 purse seine vessels that range from five ports in the northern Gulf of Mexico from Mississippi to Louisiana. During 1993-1997, total landings of gulf menhaden averaged 571,100 metric tons (1.2 billion lb) annually. The chief products are fish meal, fish oil and fish solubles. The fishery ranks among the top fisheries in the U.S. in terms of volume. A majority of the catch occurs off the Louisiana coast. Since the late 1970s, menhaden captains have completed logbooks of daily fishing activity called Captains Daily Fishing Reports (CDFRs). On CDFR forms, captains enumerate for each set: set time and location, estimated catch, distance to shore and weather conditions. The menhaden fleet averaged 23,425 purse seine sets per year for the 1994-1996 fishing seasons. CDFR information represents an untapped data source to use to examine the effects of hypoxic waters on a major coastal stock of finfish. Herein are selective summaries of 1994-1996 CDFR catch information by 10 x 10 minute cells of latitude and longitude from Alabama to Texas. Preliminary analyses of the CDFR data indicate that catches during summer 1995 were exceptionally low off the Louisiana coast from Southwest Pass west to Marsh Island. Poor catches may have been a result of hypoxic waters impinging upon Louisiana nearshore waters during late July and August 1995. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Smith, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0733-9569 BN 0-87590-272-3 J9 COAST EST S PY 2001 VL 58 BP 311 EP 320 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BT70K UT WOS:000173805400016 ER PT S AU Hewes, JD AF Hewes, JD BE Jabbour, GE Koinuma, H TI The Advanced Technology Program: Investing in new ideas, new technologies, and new markets SO COMBINATORIAL AND COMPOSITION SPREAD TECHNIQUES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICE DEVELOPMENT II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Combinatorial and Composition Spread Technqiues in Materials and Device Development II CY JAN 22-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE combinatorial methods; high throughput screening; NIST ID COMBINATORIAL AB The Advanced Technology Program (ATP), an agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce's Technology Administration and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, provides co-funding to industry for high-risk/high-payoff applied research. Companies of any size may apply, and universities or governmental research institutions may partner with industry in ATP projects. Since its inception, the ATP has participated in 468 projects, representing $3B of total industry/government investment. U.S. industry has indicated that ATP has a significant role to play in the area of high throughput R&D. ATP call catalyze the development of lower-cost hardware and software tools to bring leading-edge, generic technologies to more industries, and call facilitate the integration of hardware and software systems. The ATP is currently funding research projects in high throughput discovery of catalysts and polymer coatings, with FY199 project requests of $36.1M over five years. In addition to extramural funding, the ATP has internal funding of the NIST Measurement and Standards Laboratories (MSL). The MSL opportunity in high throughput screening is to develop measurement science to support new parallel methodologies and measurement tools tailored to specific industrial needs; to validate new and existing measurement methods and models using parallel or high throughput approaches; and to demonstrate application of HT methods to new materials and R&D problems; and to develop new standards addressing systems integration issues. The ATP is co-funding research at the NIST MSL in key areas. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Technol Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hewes, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Technol Program, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3959-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4281 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.424757 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BS47B UT WOS:000169941600006 ER PT J AU Mullenax, CH Baumann, LE Kihn, EA Campbell, WE McDowell, LR AF Mullenax, CH Baumann, LE Kihn, EA Campbell, WE McDowell, LR TI Global synchrony in biospheric variations and influence on soil pH SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CENTRAL FLORIDA; ALUMINUM; SUSPENSIONS; TEMPERATURE; QUEENSLAND; CHEMISTRY; CHLORIDE; MINERALS; MOISTURE AB Data collected from 1968 through 1997 showed a globally synchronous annual increase in soil acidity during the period June through August which was highly correlated with progressively decreasing geomagnetic field strength despite periodic local alterations in electromagnetic activity at the planetary boundary layer. Monthly determinations of soil pH for periods of one or more years at sites in Australia, South America, North America, Scotland, and Germany showed pH values to be consistently and significantly correlated with the monthly average geomagnetic field strength and the auroral electrojet values recorded during the time period covered by the data. Unweighed simple and multiple least squares linear regressions of soil pH on geomagnetic D. H. and Z. and the auroral electrojet gave r(2) and p values as high as r(2) = 0.9997. p = 0.0000. These relationships were subject to modifications in soil pH by telluric currents and electromagnetic events, such as thunderstorms and accompanying acid rain. occurring at the planetary boundary layer. Short-term variations in electrical conductivity of soil. in situ plant-available soil moisture, availability of soil mineral nutrient elements for plant uptake, soil pH. and the pH of fresh and stored samples of soil diluted 1:5 in water. rainwater. and other solutions. and Rn levels in soil and air were highly correlated with ambient telluric currents and with atmospheric electrical discharges. Decreasing soil pH values were consistently associated with decreased availability of soil mineral nutrients for plant uptake. lower foliar mineral element content in growing plants, and reduced health status., fertility, and productivity of herbivores. Rising pH values were accompanied by increases in available soil mineral nutrient elements and improvements in plant and animal health and productivity. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Agr Resource Ctr, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. RP McDowell, LR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 15-16 BP 2631 EP 2661 DI 10.1081/CSS-120000395 PG 31 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 486DV UT WOS:000171803900020 ER PT B AU Duthinh, D Starnes, M AF Duthinh, D Starnes, M BE Figueiras, J Juvanders, L Faria, R TI Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with carbon FRP SO COMPOSITES IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference Composites in Construction (CCC2001) CY OCT 10-12, 2001 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL SP Univ Porto AB Seven concrete beams reinforced internally with steel and externally with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate applied after the concrete had cracked were tested under four-point bending. Results show that FRP is very effective for flexural strengthening. As the amount of steel increases, the additional strength provided by the carbon decreases. Compared to a beam reinforced heavily with steel only, the beams reinforced with both steel and carbon have adequate deformation capacity, in spite of their brittle mode of failure. Clamping or wrapping of the ends of the FRP laminate combined with adhesive bonding is effective in anchoring the laminate. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-260-7 PY 2001 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT59Q UT WOS:000173445500084 ER PT J AU Pillai, KM Tucker, CL Phelan, FR AF Pillai, KM Tucker, CL Phelan, FR TI Numerical simulation of injection/compression liquid composite molding. Part 2: preform compression SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE injection moulding; compression moulding; resin transfer moulding; anisotropy; fibres; nonlinear elasticity ID PREPLACED FIBER MATS; FLOW; PERMEABILITY AB In the injection/compression liquid composite molding process (I/C-LCM), a liquid polymer resin is injected into a partially open mold, which contains a preform of reinforcing fibers. After some or all of the resin has been injected, the mold is closed, compressing the preform and causing additional resin flow. This paper addresses compression of the preform, with particular emphasis on modeling three-dimensional mold geometries and multi-layer preforms in which the layers have different mechanical responses. First, a new constitutive relation is developed to model the mechanical response of fiber mats during compression. We introduce a new form of nonlinear elasticity for transversely isotropic materials. A special case of this form is chosen that includes the compressive stress generated by changes in mat thickness, but suppresses all other responses. This avoids the need to model slip of the preform along the mold surface. Second, a finite element method, based on the principle of virtual displacement, is developed to solve for the deformation of the preform at any stage of mold closing. The formulation includes both geometric and material nonlinearities, and uses a full Newton-Raphson iteration in the solution. An open gap above the preform can be incorporated by treating the gap as a distinct material layer with a very small stiffness. Examples show that this approach successfully predicts compression in dry preforms for three-dimensional I/C-LCM molds. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Polymer Composites Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tucker, CL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Tucker, Charles/A-8734-2014 OI Tucker, Charles/0000-0002-8995-6740 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 2 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00137-8 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 392WX UT WOS:000166436500006 ER PT J AU Lomov, SV Huysmans, G Luo, Y Parnas, RS Prodromou, A Verpoest, I Phelan, FR AF Lomov, SV Huysmans, G Luo, Y Parnas, RS Prodromou, A Verpoest, I Phelan, FR TI Textile composites: modelling strategies SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Textile Composites (TexComp 5) CY SEP 18-20, 2000 CL UNIV LEUVEN, LEUVEN, BELGIUM HO UNIV LEUVEN DE textile reinforcements; mechanical properties ID FIBROUS POROUS-MEDIA; YARN CROSS-SECTION; FABRIC COMPOSITES; MICROSCALE FLOW; SIMULATION; GEOMETRY; COMPRESSION; MECHANICS; ENERGY; STRESS AB Textile materials are characterised by the distinct hierarchy of structure, which should be represented by a model of textile geometry and mechanical behaviour. In spite of a profound investigation of textile materials and a number of theoretical models existing in the textile literature for different structures, a model covering all structures typical for composite reinforcements is not available. Hence the challenge addressed in the present work is to take full advantage of the hierarchical principle of textile modelling, creating a truly integrated modelling and design tool for textile composites. It allows handling of complex textile structure computations in computer time counted by minutes instead of hours of the same non-linear, non-conservative behaviour of yams in compression and bending, The architecture of the code implementing the model corresponds to the hierarchical structure of textile materials. The model of the textile geometry serves as a base for meso-mechanical and permeability models for composites, which provide therefore simulation tools for analysis of composite processing and properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lomov, SV (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Croylaan 2, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RI Lomov, Stepan/C-2366-2014 OI Lomov, Stepan/0000-0002-8194-4913 NR 47 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 10 SI SI BP 1379 EP 1394 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00038-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 474GR UT WOS:000171098400002 ER PT J AU Nyden, MR Vanderhart, DL Alamo, RG AF Nyden, MR Vanderhart, DL Alamo, RG TI The conformational structures of defect-containing chains in the crystalline regions of isotactic polypropylene SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE isotactic; polypropylene; C-13 NMR; solid state; defects; stereo; regio; partioning; assignments; simulated annealing; quantum mechanical calculations ID CHEMICAL-SHIFT TENSORS; SOLID-STATE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; C-13; TERPENES; MODELS AB Calculations were performed to assign defect-resonance patterns observed in solid-state C-13 NMR spectra obtained from the crystalline regions of isotactic polypropylene. The spectral features of interest are associated with stereo, regio, and comonomer-type defects, which can typically be found in metallocene-synthesized polymers. The calculations were carried out as follows: a model of the crystalline region of defect-free isotactic polypropylene was constructed from available X-ray data corresponding to the alpha -lattice. A series of irregularities including ethylene comonomer, stereo-mrrm, regio 2,1-erythro, and butylene-comonomer defects were introduced one at a time at various positions in a specific stem occupying a central position in the model crystallite. Low-lying conformations were then obtained from simulated annealing calculations that were initiated from these structures. Finally, quantum mechanical calculations were performed on the representative segments of the defect-containing chains excised from the annealed crystallites and the calculated chemical shifts were compared to the observed resonances. The results of the calculations were used as a basis for interpreting the NMR intensities of defect-related resonances in terms of the partitioning of defects and to help establish the conformational structures of the defect-containing stems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Florida State Univ, Florida Agr Mech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Nyden, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(00)00016-7 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 391PE UT WOS:000166363700002 ER PT B AU Warren, JA AF Warren, JA BE Cross, M Evans, JW Bailey, C TI Phase field methods for modeling microstructure SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF MATERIALS, MINERALS AND METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Computational Modeling of Materials, Minerals and Metals Processing CY SEP 23-26, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Warren, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-513-1 PY 2001 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mathematics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT68C UT WOS:000173723300005 ER PT B AU Wheeler, D Josell, D Warren, JA Wallace, WE AF Wheeler, D Josell, D Warren, JA Wallace, WE BE Cross, M Evans, JW Bailey, C TI Prediction of lateral and normal force-displacement curves for flip-chip solder joints SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF MATERIALS, MINERALS AND METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Modeling of Materials, Minerals and Metals Processing CY SEP 23-26, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID DESIGN AB We present the results of experiments and modeling of flip-chip geometry Solder joint shapes under shear loading. Modeling, using Surface Evolver, included development of techniques that use an applied vector force (normal and shear loading) as input to determine a vector displacement of the pads connected by the solder joint (standoff height and misalignment). Previous solutions solved the converse problem: fixed displacements used to determine required applied force. Such solutions were inconvenient for applications, where the applied force (chip weight) is known. Also, for geometric and materials studies of solder joint shapes involving multiple parameters, determining the equilibrium displacement from applied force by bracketing solutions could become computationally expensive. Measurements of solder joint standoff height and misalignment as functions of the applied force (normal and shear), solder volume and pad diameter are presented. Experiments were carried out for solder ball diameters from 0.38 mm. (0.029 mm(3) volume) to 0,15 mm (0.0019 mm(3) volume) on pads of diameter 0.64 mm and 0.35 mm. Fitting of simulation to experimental results gave optimized values for tile contact angle and surface tension of the solder which were consistent with measured and literature values. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wheeler, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-513-1 PY 2001 BP 663 EP 672 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mathematics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BT68C UT WOS:000173723300063 ER PT S AU Hu, VC Frincke, DA Ferraiolo, DF AF Hu, VC Frincke, DA Ferraiolo, DF BE Alexandrov, VN Dongarra, JJ Juliano, BA Renner, RS Tan, CJK TI The Policy Machine for security policy management SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE -- ICCS 200, PROCEEDINGS PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2001) CY MAY 28-30, 2001 CL San Francisco, CA AB Many different access control policies and models have been developed to suit a variety of goals; these include Role-Based Access Control, One-directional Information Flow, Chinese Wall, Clark-Wilson, N-person Control, and DAC, in addition to more informal ad hoc policies. While each of these policies has a particular area of strength, the notational differences: between these policies are substantial. As a result it is difficult to combine them, both in making formal statements about systems which are based on differing models and in using more than one access control policy model within a given system. Thus, there is a need for a unifying formalism which is general enough to encompass a range of these policies and models. In this paper, we propose an open security architecture called the Policy Machine (PM) that would meet this need. We also provide examples showing how the PM specifies and enforces access control polices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hu, VC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8930, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vhu@nist.gov; frincke@cs.uidaho.edu; dferraiolo@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42233-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2074 BP 494 EP 503 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ28 UT WOS:000227039400054 ER PT J AU Glotzer, SC Warren, JA AF Glotzer, SC Warren, JA TI Computational materials science and industrial R&D: Accelerating progress SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glotzer, SC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1109/5992.895189 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 387JU UT WOS:000166120100012 ER PT B AU Kelsch, M Caporali, E Lanza, LG AF Kelsch, M Caporali, E Lanza, LG BE Gruntfest, E Handmer, J TI Hydrometeorology of flash floods SO COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Coping with Flash Floods CY NOV 08-17, 1999 CL RAVELLO, ITALY SP NATO ID EVENTS C1 UCAR, COMET, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Kelsch, M (reprint author), UCAR, COMET, 3450 Mitchell Lane,FL-3, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI lanza, luca/J-3427-2012 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6825-8 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2001 VL 77 BP 19 EP 35 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BR92W UT WOS:000168052200004 ER PT B AU Kelsch, M AF Kelsch, M BE Gruntfest, E Handmer, J TI Hydrometeorological characteristics of flash floods SO COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Coping with Flash Floods CY NOV 08-17, 1999 CL RAVELLO, ITALY SP NATO ID EVENTS C1 UCAR, COMET, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Kelsch, M (reprint author), UCAR, COMET, 3450 Mitchell Lane,, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6825-8 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2001 VL 77 BP 181 EP 193 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BR92W UT WOS:000168052200018 ER PT B AU Sneeringer, P AF Sneeringer, P BE Gruntfest, E Handmer, J TI Ranking flash flood warnings: A better way to relate threat to the public? SO COPING WITH FLASH FLOODS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Coping with Flash Floods CY NOV 08-17, 1999 CL RAVELLO, ITALY SP NATO C1 Natl Weather Serv, W Gulf River Forecast Off, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. RP Sneeringer, P (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, W Gulf River Forecast Off, 3401 No Cross Blvd, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6825-8 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2001 VL 77 BP 253 EP 256 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BR92W UT WOS:000168052200024 ER PT J AU Miller, MW AF Miller, MW TI Corallivorous snail removal: evaluation of impact on Acropora palmata SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora palmata; Coralliophila abbreviata; Corallivore; predator removal ID REEF AB With the continuing decline of Acropora palmata throughout the Caribbean region, impacts of the gastropod corallivore, Coralliophila abbreviata, are becoming more noticeable. A snail removal experiment was performed in remnant A. palmata populations in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary to quantify the area of coral tissue consumed by ambient snail aggregations and to assess the possible effectiveness of snail removal in conserving live coral tissue. Corals where ambient snail aggregations were removed maintained significantly more live tissue area during the 2-month experiment than those where feeding snail aggregations were left in place. The corals with feeding snails left in place lost more than 3 cm(2) tissue day(-1) on average. Thus, removal of C. abbreviata may be an effective measure for conserving depressed A. palmata populations, though secondary effects of such a manipulation remain to be carefully evaluated. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JAN PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1007/PL00006963 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 401EZ UT WOS:000166915500016 ER PT B AU Barr, B AF Barr, B BE Harmon, D TI Managing what you don't own: the special challenge of marine protected areas SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 NOAA, US Geol Survey, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sanctuary Syst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900003 ER PT B AU Barr, B AF Barr, B BE Harmon, D TI Getting the job done: protecting marine wilderness SO Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and on Public Lands LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT George-Wright-Society Biennial Conference CY APR 16, 2001-APR 20, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP George Wright Soc, Natl Pk Serv, Us Geol Survey Biol Resources Div, Eastern Natl C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Marine Sanctuary Syst, US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY, INC. PI HANCOCK PA PO BOX 65, HANCOCK, MI 49930-0065 USA PY 2001 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCW13 UT WOS:000231500900039 ER PT B AU Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Xiao, JH Ladner, DR AF Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Xiao, JH Ladner, DR BE Ross, RG TI Design and test of the NIST/Lockheed Martin miniature pulse tube flight cryocooler SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP ID THERMOACOUSTIC HEAT TRANSPORTATION; ENERGY TRANSFORMATION AB A two-stage miniature pulse tube (PT) cryocooler, designed for a Space Shuttle flight demonstration, was built and tested at Lockheed Martin Astronautics (LMA) at Denver, CO and the NIST Boulder Laboratory. The Miniature PT Flight Cryocooler (MPTFC) was designed to provide 0.15 W of cooling at 80 K with heat rejection at 275 K. It was developed as the smallest cryocooler of its kind for the purpose of demonstrating launch survivability and thermal performance in a zero-g environment. A prototype laboratory version was first built and tested to provide information on component sizing and flow rates for comparison to numerical models. The flight version was then fabricated as a Getaway Special (GAS) Payload. Cost containment and manned flight safety constraints limited the extent of the MPTFC development to achieve performance optimization. Nonetheless, it reached 87 K driven by a commercially available tactical compressor with a swept volume of 0.75 cc. The on-orbit cooling performance was not demonstrated because of low battery voltage resulting from failed primary batteries. The first off-state PT thermal conductance measurements were successful, however, and the MPTFC also demonstrated the robustness of PT cryocoolers by surviving pre-launch vibration testing, shipping, and the launch and landing of STS-90 with no measurable performance degradation. The design and performance optimization approach for miniature two-stage PT coolers are discussed. Some factors that may limit performance in small-scale PT coolers are identified also. Laboratory pre-launch and post flight performance data of the MPTFC are presented, including cooling performance as a function of heat load and rejection temperature. Off-state conductance results are discussed in a related but separate presentation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bradley, PE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 189 EP 198 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500025 ER PT B AU Radebaugh, R Marquardt, ED Gary, J O'Gallagher, A AF Radebaugh, R Marquardt, ED Gary, J O'Gallagher, A BE Ross, RG TI Regenerator behavior with heat input or removal at intermediate temperatures SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP AB Regenerators with finite losses are capable of absorbing a limited amount of heat at intermediate temperatures along their length. This paper discusses a simple analytical model and a rigorous numerical model of regenerator behavior under the influence of heat input or heat removal at intermediate temperatures as well as the influence of a steady mass flow superimposed on the oscillating mass flow within the regenerator. The finite time-averaged enthalpy transport through the regenerator undergoes a discontinuity at the location of the heat input to satisfy the First Law of Thermodynamics. The discontinuous enthalpy flow leads to a discontinuous temperature gradient in the axial direction and to an increase in the regenerator loss that must be absorbed at the cold end. However, the increased loss is less than the heat input at the intermediate temperature, which allows the regenerator to provide a certain amount of cooling without the need for a separate expansion stage. This phenomenon is particularly useful for shield cooling and for precooling a gas continuously or at discrete regenerator locations prior to liquefaction at the cold end. For continuous precooling the total heat load can be reduced by as much as 23%. A comparison is made of the system performance with and without intermediate heat input under various conditions. The paper presents design guidelines to determine the amount of heat a regenerator is capable of absorbing at various temperatures. Methods for optimizing the location of discrete heat inputs are presented. The analytical and numerical models are in very good agreement with each other and are consistent with very limited experimental data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 409 EP 418 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500052 ER PT B AU Lewis, MA Radebaugh, R AF Lewis, MA Radebaugh, R BE Ross, RG TI Measurement of heat conduction through metal spheres SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP ID SCREENS AB This paper describes the results of the measurements of heat conduction through a bed of packed metal spheres. Spheres were packed in a fiberglass-epoxy cylinder, 24.4 mm in diameter and 55 nun in length, The cold end of the packed bed was cooled by a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler to cryogenic temperatures, while the hot end was maintained at room temperature. Heat conduction through the spheres was determined from the temperature gradient in a calibrated heat flow sensor mounted between the cold end of the packed bed and the GM cryocooler. The samples used for these experiments consisted of stainless steel spheres, lead spheres, and copper spheres. The spheres were screened to obtain a uniform diameter of 80 to 120 mum. Porosities of the packed beds varied between 0.371 and 0.398. The measurements to determine the thermal conductance were carried out with various pressures of helium gas in the void space. The results indicated, as expected, that the helium gas between each sphere enhances the heat conduction across the contacts between the individual spheres by several orders of magnitude compared with vacuum in the void space. The conduction degradation factor, defined as the ratio of actual heat conduction to the heat conduction if the metal were in the form of a solid rod of the same metal cross-sectional area, was about 0.11 for stainless steel, 0.08 for lead, and 0.02 for copper. The conduction degradation factor of 0.11 for stainless steel spheres agrees very well with the factor of 0.10 for stainless steel screen measured previously in the same apparatus. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500053 ER PT B AU Marquardt, ED Le, JP Radebaugh, R AF Marquardt, ED Le, JP Radebaugh, R BE Ross, RG TI Cryogenic material properties database SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP AB NIST has published at least two references compiling cryogenic material properties. These include the Handbook on Materials for Superconducting Machinery and the LNG Materials & Fluids. Neither has been updated since 1977 and are currently out of print. While there is a great deal of published data on cryogenic material properties, it is often difficult to find and not in a form that is convenient to use. We have begun a new program to collect, compile, and correlate property information for materials used in cryogenics. The initial phase of this program has focused on picking simple models to use for thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and specific heat. We have broken down the temperature scale into four ranges: a) less than 4 K, b) 4 K to 77 K, c) 77 K to 300 K, and d) 300 K to the melting point. Initial materials that we have compiled include oxygen free copper, 6061-T6 aluminum, G-10 fiberglass epoxy, 718 Inconel, Kevlar, niobium titanium (NbTi), beryllium copper, polyamide (nylon), polyimide, 304 stainless steel, Teflon, and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Correlations are given for each material and property over some of the temperature range. We will continue to add new materials and increase the temperature range, We hope to offer these material properties as subroutines that can be called from your own code or from within commercial software packages. We will also identify where new measurements need to be made to give complete property prediction from 50 mK to the melting point. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Marquardt, ED (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 681 EP 687 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500084 ER PT B AU Marquardt, ED Radebaugh, R Peskin, AP AF Marquardt, ED Radebaugh, R Peskin, AP BE Ross, RG TI Vapor precooling in a pulse tube liquefier SO CRYOCOOLERS 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Cryocooler Conference CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP, KEYSTONE, CO HO BALL AEROSP & TECHNOLOGIES CORP AB Experiments were performed to study the effects of introducing vapor into a dewar where a coaxial pulse tube refrigerator was used as a liquefier in the neck of the dewar. We were concerned about how the introduction of vapor might impact the refrigeration load as the vapor barrier in the neck of the dewar is disturbed. Three experiments were performed where the input power to the cooler was held constant and the nitrogen liquefaction rate was measured. The first test introduced the vapor at the top of the dewar neck. Another introduced the vapor directly to the cold head through a small tube, leaving the neck vapor barrier undisturbed. The third test placed a heat exchanger partway down the regenerator where the vapor was pre-cooled before being liquefied at the cold head, This experiment also left the neck vapor barrier undisturbed. Compared to the test where the vapor was introduced directly to the cold head, the heat exchanger test increased the liquefaction rate by 12.0%. The experiment where vapor was introduced at the top of the dewar increased the liquefaction rate by 17.2%. A computational fluid dynamics model was constructed of the dewar neck and liquefier to show how the regenerator outer wall acted as a pre-cooler to the incoming vapor steam, eliminating the need for the heat exchanger. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Marquardt, ED (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46567-1 PY 2001 BP 803 EP 807 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics GA BT66F UT WOS:000173666500097 ER PT B AU Moore, BS AF Moore, BS BE Nordquist, MH Moore, JN TI Introduction to maritime transport SO CURRENT MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the Center-for-Oceans-Law-and-Policy CY MAR 16-JUN 19, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Int Tribunal Law Sea, Univ Virginia Sch Law C1 NOAA, Natl Undersea Res Program, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS C/O KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL PI 2508 CN THE HAGUE PA PO BOX 85889, 2508 CN THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS BN 90-411-1715-6 PY 2001 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW32N UT WOS:000181580300022 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA Desoutter, M AF Munroe, TA Desoutter, M TI On the authorship, identity and taxonomic position of Pleuronectes commersonnii Lacepede, 1802 (Pleuronectiformes, Soleidae). SO CYBIUM LA English DT Article DE Soleidae; Pleuronectes commersonnii; taxonomy C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Ichtyol Gen & Appl Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC FRANCAISE D ICHTYOLOGIE PI PARIS PA MUSEUM NATL D HISTOIRE NATURELLE, 43 RUE CUVIER, 75231 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-0974 J9 CYBIUM JI Cybium PY 2001 VL 25 IS 3 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 495KE UT WOS:000172339100012 ER PT J AU Desoutter, M Chapleau, F Munroe, TA Chanet, B Beaunier, M AF Desoutter, M Chapleau, F Munroe, TA Chanet, B Beaunier, M TI Catalog of types of fishes of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Order of pleuronectiformes. SO CYBIUM LA French DT Article ID TONGUEFISHES SYMPHURUS; ATLANTIC TONGUEFISHES; TAXONOMIC STATUS; CYNOGLOSSIDAE; REASSESSMENT; SOLEIDAE; PISCES; GENUS C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Ichtyol Gen & Appl Lab, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries, Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Inst Univ Europeen Mer, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Desoutter, M (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Ichtyol Gen & Appl Lab, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris 05, France. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC FRANCAISE D ICHTYOLOGIE PI PARIS PA MUSEUM NATL D HISTOIRE NATURELLE, 43 RUE CUVIER, 75231 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-0974 J9 CYBIUM JI Cybium PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 299 EP 368 PG 70 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 506DA UT WOS:000172953600001 ER PT J AU Wiebe, PH Beardsley, RC Bucklin, A Mountain, DG AF Wiebe, PH Beardsley, RC Bucklin, A Mountain, DG TI Coupled biological and physical studies of plankton populations in the Georges Bank region and related North Atlantic GLOBEC study sites SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wiebe, PH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Wiebe, Peter/0000-0002-6059-4651 NR 7 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00079-5 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300001 ER PT J AU Smith, PC Houghton, RW Fairbanks, RG Mountain, DG AF Smith, PC Houghton, RW Fairbanks, RG Mountain, DG TI Interannual variability of boundary fluxes and water mass properties in the Gulf of Maine and on Georges Bank: 1993-1997 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; SCOTIAN SHELF; SLOPE WATER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; ORIGIN; FLOW AB Analysis of three years (October 1993-September 1996) of monthly mean current, temperature and salinity observations from moorings in the major Gulf of Maine (GOM) inflows off southwest Nova Scotia (C2) and in Northeast Channel (NECE) reveals some new features of the annual NECE cycles, including (1) a peak in near-surface ( < 75 m) inflow ill spring (vs. late summer at depth), suggesting that dynamic control of shallow and deep layers may be different, (2) a maximum near-surface cross-channel flow toward Georges Bank (GB) in late winter, suggesting a climatological tendency for Scotian Shelf "cross-overs" in that season, and (3) the absence of a significant salinity cycle over most Of the water column. Deviations from the annual cycle indicate that the first part of the observation period was characterized by enhanced warm, saline, deep ( > 75 m) NECE inflow, followed by later episodes of enhanced cold, fresh inflow at C2 and shallow NECE. Generally, the flow rates at C2 and deep NECE were out of phase, with increased inflow at C2 (deep NECE) associated with reduced inflow at deep NECE (C2) and cooler, fresher (warmer,saltier) conditions at both sites. Freshwater transport anomalies to the Gulf are maximum in the surface layers and largely negative(positive) over the first(last) half of the measurements. The timing of these freshwater inflow variations is consistent with observed fluctuations in hydrographic measurements in the GOM and GB, which reached peak salinities in late 1994, then declined through 1995-1996. Oxygen isotope analysis suggests that almost all of the fresh water present on the central cap of GB in 1996 and early 1997 is of northern (Scotian Shelf) origin as opposed to 1994 and 1995 when Maine River Waters contributed 38 and 26%, respectively, to the freshwater (relative to 34.8) on the cap. A simple box model driven by observed changes in the boundary fluxes indicates that over the last half of the measurement period (April 1995-September 1996), the volumetric flow rate through the COM increased by 10(5) m(3) s(-1) (roughly 17% of the total transport, 5.83 x 10(5) m(3) s(-1)), and that increased freshwater fluxes in the surface layers at C2. and NECE produced a net decrease of 0.73 in the salinity of the outflow waters. Average volumetric transports at C2(NECE) were roughly twice(half) those observed in the late 1970s, but the total is consistent with climtological estimates. The net change in the freshwater fluxes exceeds the total climatological mean estimate. Examination of possible local and remote sources confirms that the origin of the 1996-1997 freshwater anomaly is in the northern Labrador Sea/Baffin Bay and results from exceptionally cold winters in the early 1990s. Analysis of a similar event in the early 1980s suggests their occurrence is part of a quasi-decadal climate signal which follows the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Crown copyright (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, OSD, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smith, PC (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, OSD, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. NR 28 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00081-3 PG 34 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300003 ER PT J AU Manning, J Strout, G AF Manning, J Strout, G TI Georges Bank winds: 1975-1997 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN; STRESS; MODEL; PREDICTION; FREQUENCY; COAST; FLUX AB Twenty-three years (1975-1997) of anemometer records from the four NOAA buoys located near Georges Bank are examined. While the individual buoy records have occasional gaps due to instrument breakdowns and the buoys deployments were limited to certain yea rs, the combination of the four buoys provides a nearly continuous series of observed wind. After correcting for different anemometer heights, sea-surface wind stress is calculated by the neutral stability method of Large and Pond J. Phys. Ocean 11 (1981) 324. Weekly mean stress is plotted for the entire period. Significant coherence (0.72-0.92) was found between sites with very little phase or gain for the 2-10 day storm-band period. An offshore increase of similar to 0.006 Pa/100 km is detected in the mean stress for the Winter/Fall seasons. The complex correlation coefficients (calculated as a single measure of coherence across all frequency bands) ranges from 0.68 to 0.90. Other sources of wind data are discussed including the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center's (FNMOC) estimates from pressure observations, the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) from ship observations, and NOAA's National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) recent model/data assimilation. For purposes of representing storm-band frequency, the FNMOC winds account for more than 80% of the variability in the buoy record and they provide a continuous surface wind estimate for the Georges Bank region back to 1967. However, the intensified wind stress as a function of distance offshore, as detected by both the buoys and GOADS,is not detected in the FMNOC records. Also, a counterclockwise rotation of 19(max)degrees is needed (in addition to the standard 15 degrees) to correct the FMNOC winds for the atmospheric boundary layer. Recent NCEP products provide a finer scale spatial coverage of the wind field and are a potential source of boundary forcing for coastal ocean circulation models. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. UMASS Dartmouth, Ctr Marine & Sci Technol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Manning, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00116-8 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300006 ER PT J AU Mavor, TP Bisagni, JJ AF Mavor, TP Bisagni, JJ TI Seasonal variability of sea-surface temperature fronts on Georges Bank SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; TIDAL FRONTS; EDGE-DETECTION; NOVA-SCOTIA; SST IMAGES; SHELF; CIRCULATION; GULF; STRATIFICATION; PATTERNS AB Sea-surface temperature (SST) fronts, extracted from archived (1985-1996) advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data, are determined in the Georges Bank region. Resulting frontal locations clearly show the tidal mixing front on Georges Bank. The probability of detecting an SST front at an individual pixel on Georges Bank is presented as a monthly climatology. Variations in the probability, position, and associated water depth of SST fronts in the Georges Bank region show the development of the tidal mixing front during the summer, as well as the presence of a persistent front near the shelfbreak. From the 12-year time series of fronts, 144 individual monthly frontal probability images are decomposed into the mean frontal position and empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) using singular value decomposition (SVD). Spatial and temporal information from the first EOF mode reveals the seasonal development of the tidal mixing front. Spatial patterns associated with the first mode also reveal the winter occurrence of fronts on the Northeast Peak area of Georges Bank, which is most likely associated with Scotian Shelf Water flow across the Northeast Channel. The second mode also indicates the development of the "hot spot" often observed over Georges Bank during the late summer and early fall. Further evidence indicates that the mean position of detected SST fronts on southern Georges Bank changes approximately 10 km on-bank from late-spring to mid-summer. Monthly mean positions are also compared to the distribution of Simpson and Hunter's (1974) tidal mixing parameter, with resultant positions compared to historical stratification at those locations. Comparison of detected SST fronts to historical hydrographic data on Georges Bank points to the fronts being located in increasingly stratified water from May through August. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Mavor, TP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, E RA3, WWBG Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 215 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00120-X PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300011 ER PT J AU Pershing, AJ Wiebe, PH Manning, JP Copley, NJ AF Pershing, AJ Wiebe, PH Manning, JP Copley, NJ TI Evidence for vertical circulation cells in the well-mixed area of Georges Bank and their biological implications SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS; SEDIMENTARY FURROWS; SOUND SCATTERING; ZOOPLANKTON; TURBULENCE; REGION; FLUID AB Two surveys were conducted in the well-mixed region of Georges Bank to look for secondary vertical circulation cells, the first in 1996 and the second in 1997. Each survey collected high-frequency acoustic, temperature, and fluorescence data along a 1-n.mile square grid. Concurrent ADCP measurements also were made in the second year. MOCNESS and pump samples from both years caught large amounts of sand and organisms typical of this regions such as copepods and hydroids. However, forward problem calculations suggest that the acoustic scattering was dominated by post-larval bivalves. Sand and copepods also accounted for significant amounts of the estimated backscatter. The acoustic data from both surveys contained near-surface vertical bands of high-volume backscatter. The frequency and intensity of these bands was strongly correlated with the magnitude of the current velocity. Significant upwelling and downwelling were observed in the ADCP records, and the acoustic bands often co-occurred in the downwelling zones. Simulations of particle distributions within idealized circulation cells, consistent with the acoustic and ADCP data, suggest that the acoustic bands are caused by aggregations of positively buoyant or upward-swimming scatterers. The circulation cells proposed could have an important effect on the ecology of the well-mixed region by aggregating upward-swimming fish and zooplankton in near-surface patches. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pershing, AJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Copley, Nancy/0000-0003-1473-8789 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00122-3 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300013 ER PT J AU Schlitz, RJ Manning, JP Smith, KW AF Schlitz, RJ Manning, JP Smith, KW TI Structure and transport of alongshelf currents across the southern flank of Georges Bank during late summer, 1982 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; WIND STRESS; GULF-STREAM; TEMPERATURE; SHELF; RECIRCULATION; WATER; RING AB An array including seven moorings was in place between 10 August and 25 September 1982 on southern Georges Bank. Tell of the records from the Vector-Averaging Current Meters (VACMs) were complete. Short-term drifters with window-shade drogues at 10 m seaward of the shelfbreak (200 m) documented flow of shelf water across bathymetry. Winds were available for this period from NOAA buoy 44003 at the southwestern corner of Georges Bank near the array. The major structure in the subtidal flow is an alongshelf maximum toward the west (mean speed similar to 27 cm s(-1) with bursts often > 30 cm s(-1)) at the shelfbreak front (similar to 100 m): the shelfbreak jet. The first two modes in empirical orthogonal analysis of the cross-bank structure contain 82% of the variance. Mode I is associated with the large-scale alongshelf current and is partially correlated with local winds. Mode 2 generally not correlated with wind, may be generated by features initiated by the Cull stream. The current record at the northern periphery of the warm eddy or remnant of a warm-core ring has a mean velocity of 5 cm s(-1) toward the east for the period, opposite the general circulation over the shelf. Elsewhere the circulation over the shelf seemed minimally affected even with the proximity of the offshore feature. A mean estimate for volume transport of shelf water during the period is 0.83 +/- 0.2 Sv with periods of greater than 1 Sv related to NE winds leading by 6 h. While a bias is possible due to undersampling of the velocity field, this mean value and variability during late summer are higher than previously reported estimates for transport of shelf water. This is primarily due to the additional contribution of the shelfbreak jet near the 100 m isobath, Confidence limits for the transport were calculated by two independent methods, geometric weighting and block estimation by universal kriging. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Profess & Tech Serv Inc, Norfolk, VA 23502 USA. RP Schlitz, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00123-5 PG 32 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300015 ER PT J AU Lough, RG Manning, JP AF Lough, RG Manning, JP TI Tidal-front entrainment and retention of fish larvae on the southern flank of Georges Bank SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-SEA; SHELF BREAK; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; HADDOCK; MODEL; COD; RECTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB From a grid of stations across the southern flank of Georges Bank in May 1997, larval haddock and cod were observed to be concentrated across the tidal front in a band 10-20 km wide. Several cross-bank CTD and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) sections indicated a narrow ( < 10 km) but significant tidal-front jet with residual currents moving southwest along the 60-m isobath at 10-20 cm/s in the upper water column ( < 35 m), consistent with a satellite-tracked drifter that logged a mean residual velocity of 13 cm/s for over a week. The tidal-front jet moved laterally with the strong M2 tide, but generally occurred in the region of maximum cross-bank density gradient. Evidence is provided for a two-cell secondary circulation pattern, with upwelling flow on the mixed side of the front and a surface convergence and downwelling on the stratified side. A surface convergence zone was observed with drifters and also predicted from a modeled flow field within 10 km of the jet on the stratified side, which generally coincided with the highest concentration of larvae. Model simulations, initialized with observed density structure from a CTD survey, suggest that larvae located in the convergence zone could be advected onto the shoals, under the jet in the near-bottom ( > 35 m), cross-isobath residual flow (0.6-1.2 cm/s). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 631 EP 644 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300028 ER PT J AU Avent, SR Bollens, SM Butler, M Horgan, E Rountree, R AF Avent, SR Bollens, SM Butler, M Horgan, E Rountree, R TI Planktonic hydroids on Georges Bank: ingestion and selection by predatory fishes SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL CYCLES; MARINE AB Planktonic colonial hydroids (Clytia gracilis) recently have been found to be abundant, but patchily distributed in time and space, on Georges Bank, northwest Atlantic Ocean. However, the processes regulating the occurrence of these hydroid colonies (i.e., seasonality, growth, advection, diffusion, sinking, and predation) are not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the potential role of predation by fish upon the unattached hydroids. The two components of this study were (i) analyses of historical fish trawl surveys and stomach contents data collected in the coastal northwest Atlantic Ocean (including Georges Bank), and (ii) laboratory experiments testing for the presence of selective feeding by juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) on hydroids relative to two co-occurring planktonic copepods (Calanus finmarchicus and Centropages hamatus). We found that 32 and 11 species of fish ingested hydroids in the coastal northwest Atlantic Ocean and Georges Bank, respectively, during 1973-1990. However, hydroids were rarely an important part of the diet of these fishes. The most important predator of these cnidarians on Georges Bank was winter flounder, with 28.0% of its population having ingested hydroids, with a mean % (by weight) of hydroids in the diet of 4.1%, during 1973-80. Laboratory experiments indicated juvenile cod ingested planktonic hydroids, but overwhelmingly preferred either of the two copepods as prey. While field and laboratory results indicated that a wide variety of fishes feed on hydroids, we concluded that emergences and disappearances of planktonic hydroids on Georges Bank are not greatly impacted by fish predation. Other factors, in particular physical processes (i.e., advection, diffusion, and sinking), seasonal cycles of activity and inactivity, and predation by invertebrates, should be examined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Avent, SR (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1-3 BP 673 EP 684 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00093-X PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 384TT UT WOS:000165962300031 ER PT J AU Ondrusek, ME Bidigare, RR Waters, K Karl, DM AF Ondrusek, ME Bidigare, RR Waters, K Karl, DM TI A predictive model for estimating rates of primary production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CHLOROPHYLL-A; QUANTUM YIELD; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; STATION ALOHA AB A primary production model, specific to the subtropical North Pacific, was developed using productivity and chlorophyll data collected at Station ALOHA (22.75 degreesN, 158.00 degreesW) and measured phytoplankton physiological parameters. The production algorithm is a mechanistic, full spectral model that provides depth-dependent photosynthesis rates. Six years of phytoplankton pigment data were analyzed to derive seasonal cycles and to parameterize chlorophyll a (Chl; monovinyl and divinyl chlorophyll a) versus depth profiles. The Chi profiles fit a Gaussian-type distribution with depth over a constant background concentration equal to mixed-layer values. Maximum Chi concentrations were always found below the surface, and the parameters displayed distinct monthly and seasonal patterns. Photosynthesis versus irradiance experiments were conducted at a number of locations and seasons in the vicinity of Station ALOHA to calculate phytoplankton physiological parameters needed for the computation of primary production rates. Relationships were explored between environmental conditions and the physiological and profile parameters in order to develop algorithms based on remotely sensed sea-surface variables and time of year. These relationships were used to model primary production rates using data collected during the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program. The performance of the model and model parameters were tested by comparing modeled results to those measured directly at Station ALOHA by trace metal-clean, in situ (14)C incubation techniques. Monthly averaged chlorophyll profile parameters and a constant maximum quantum yield (0.026 mol C (molquanta)(-1)) generates an annual production estimate of 168 g Cm(-2), which closely resembles that measured at Station ALOHA (181g C m(-2)) during the same period. The measured and modeled primary production rates for the subtropical North Pacific are twice as high as values derived from Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data (60-90gCm(-2)) during the period 1978-1986. If the study area near Station ALOHA is representative of most oligotrophic waters, current global estimates of primary production rates have been significantly underestimated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ondrusek, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM mondrusek@resdis.noaa.gov RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 48 IS 8-9 BP 1837 EP 1863 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00163-6 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 431LG UT WOS:000168632200018 ER PT J AU Mueller, HJ AF Mueller, HJ TI In vitro tarnish and corrosion of a consolidated silver material for direct filling applications SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE artificial saliva; acid activation; colorimetry; cold welding; corrosion; mucin; protein; silver particles; sulfide; tarnish discoloration ID AMALGAM; SULFIDES; ALLOYS AB Objectives: A consolidated silver (CS) material, composed of acid activated silver particles has been developed for direct filling applications. The hypothesis to be tested was that the tarnish discoloration and immersion corrosion of CS was similar to that of a dispersed phase amalgam DA). Methods: Disk-sized samples of CS and DA were prepared. CS contained a volume porosity of 25%, comparable to the material prepared for clinical uses. CIE L*a*b* colorimetry was used to evaluate tarnish discoloration, while solution analysis was used to evaluate corrosion susceptibility. Surfaces following tarnish and corrosion were characterized with SEM-EDS and X-ray diffraction. Fusayama solution, defined as an artificial saliva composed of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2. 2H(2)O, NaH2PO4.H2O, Na2S . 9H(2)O, and urea at component concentrations of (6.8, 5.4, 5.4, 5.0, 0.021 and 16.7 mmol/l, respectively, was used with controlled variations in sulfide-content. Clinically relevant sulfide contents below, equal to, and above the original Fusayama concentration were used. Intermittent exposures to air and saliva and continuous immersions were performed for tarnish discoloration, and agitated continuous immersions in 0.1 mol/l NaCl + 0.1 mol/l lactic acid were performed for corrosion testing. The effects on tarnish discoloration by adding mucin and other salivary proteins to saliva were studied. Results: The total color vector change (DeltaE(ab)*) for CS was significantly greater than for DA. Intermittent air and saliva exposures significantly increased DeltaE(ab)* for CS relative to continuous immersions. The rate of tarnish discoloration for CS increased with sulfide concentration. With adding protein to saliva, DeltaE(ab)* for CS significantly decreased. Mucin partly inhibited the discoloration from sulfide. The morphology of the tarnished products depended upon the testing method. For CS continuously immersed in sulfide- and protein-free saliva, a porous AgCl layer intermixed with black corrosion products, taken to be Ag2O, formed, while intermittent exposures to air and sulfide-containing saliva formed a continuous, dense and adherent layer identified as Ag2S. The concentrations of released silver from CS and DA were similar. However, DA also dissolved concentrations of copper and tin, changed solution pH, and grossly affected solution color, none of which occurred with CS. Significance: CS is most susceptible to tarnish discoloration in protein-free, sulfide-containing saliva under alternating wet and dry conditions. The release of silver from CS is not significantly different to the release of silver from DA. (C) 2001 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mueller, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P50 DE 09322] NR 40 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00061-0 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 391YG UT WOS:000166383400009 PM 11124415 ER PT J AU Stansbury, JW Dickens, SH AF Stansbury, JW Dickens, SH TI Determination of double bond conversion in dental resins by near infrared spectroscopy SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE conversion; dental materials; methacrylate monomers; near infrared; photopolymerization; resins; spectroscopy ID METHACRYLATE GROUPS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER SORPTION; CURE PROFILES; POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITES AB Objectives: This study determined the validity and practicality of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic techniques for measurement of conversion in dental resins. Methods: Conversion measurements by NIR and mid-IR were compared using two techniques: (1) The conversion of 3 mm thick photopolymerized Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin specimens was determined by transmission NIR. Specimens were then ground and reanalyzed in KBr pellet form by mid-IR. (2) As further verification, thin resin films were photocured and analyzed by mid-IR. Multiple thin films were then compressed into a thick pellet for examination by MR. Results: Conversion values obtained by NIR and mid-IR techniques did not differ significantly. A correction for changing specimen thickness due to polymerization shrinkage was applied to NIR conversion measurements since an internal standard reference peak was not employed. Sensitivity of the NIR technique was superior to those based on the mid-IR. Significance: The nondestructive analysis of conversion in dental resins by NIR offers advantages of convenience, practical specimen dimensions and precision compared with standard mid-IR analytical procedures. Because glass is virtually transparent in the MR spectrum, this technique has excellent potential for use with filled dental resins as well. (C) 2001 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stansbury, JW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Biomat Res Ctr, Suite 155,12635 E Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80010 USA. NR 31 TC 263 Z9 276 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00062-2 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 391YG UT WOS:000166383400010 PM 11124416 ER PT B AU Patel, JK Kim, SU Su, DH Subramaniam, S Choi, HA AF Patel, JK Kim, SU Su, DH Subramaniam, S Choi, HA GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A framework for managing faults and attacks in all-optical transport networks SO DISCEX'01: DARPA INFORMATION SURVIVABILITY CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION II, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX II) CY JUN 12-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Def Adv Res Project Agcy, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Secur & Privacy ID CROSSTALK AB Fault and attack survivability in all-optical transport networks (AOTNs) require new approaches because of unique transmission characteristics. Specifically, fiber non-linearities and network transparency to transmitted signal types may make the network vulnerable to unorthodox attacks. Furthermore, unlike in electronic networks that regenerate signals at every node, attack detection and isolation schemes may not have access to the overhead bits used to transport supervisory information between regenerators or switching sites to perform their functions. This paper presents a discussion on attack scenarios and proposes a conceptual framework for modeling faults and attacks in AOTNs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patel@antd.nist.gov; kimsu@antd.nist.gov; dsu@antd.nist.gov; suresh@seas.gwu.edu; choi@seas.gwu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1212-7 PY 2001 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BT92S UT WOS:000174463000012 ER PT J AU Benight, AS Pancoska, P Owczarzy, R Vallone, PM Nesetril, J Riccelli, PV AF Benight, AS Pancoska, P Owczarzy, R Vallone, PM Nesetril, J Riccelli, PV TI Calculating sequence-dependent melting stability of duplex DNA oligomers and multiplex sequence analysis by graphs SO DRUG-NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTIONS SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HMG BOX INTERACTIONS; THERMAL-DENATURATION; THERMODYNAMIC DATA; STACKING; CURVES; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSITIONS; PARAMETERS; BINDING C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. DNA Codes LLC, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Charles Univ, Ctr Discrete Math, Appl Comp Sci & Applicat DIMATIA, Prague, Czech Republic. Integrated DNA Technol, Coralville, IA 52241 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Appl Math, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Benight, AS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, POB 4348, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Nesetril, Jaroslav/B-1470-2008 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2001 VL 340 BP 165 EP 192 PG 28 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BS72V UT WOS:000170995300008 PM 11494848 ER PT J AU Cinzano, P Falchi, F Elvidge, CD AF Cinzano, P Falchi, F Elvidge, CD TI Moonlight without the Moon SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article ID NIGHT-SKY BRIGHTNESS; SITES; MODEL AB Light pollution, the alteration of the natural light levels in the night environment produced by man-made light, is one of the most rapidly increasing threats to the natural environment. The fast growth of the night sky brightness due to light pollution not only is damaging the perception of the starry sky but it is silently altering even the perception of the moonlight nights by mankind. The cyclic alternation between the new Moon's dark sky with thousand of stars and the moonlight sky, less dark but always full of stars among which our satellite moves, is rapidly changing toward a perennial artificial moonlight due to the man-made light wasted in the atmosphere. The Moon periodically will appear inside the same perennially luminous sky from which stars will have almost disappeared. Here we present a map showing "artificial moonlight'' levels in North America and some statistical results. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. NOAA, Off Director, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cinzano, P (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PY 2001 VL 85-6 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 472PQ UT WOS:000170993100048 ER PT B AU Arz, U Williams, DF Grabinski, H AF Arz, U Williams, DF Grabinski, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Experimental study of the ground plane in asymmetric coupled silicon lines SO ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB We use a measurement method designed for coupled lines on highly conductive substrates to characterize identical asymmetric coupled lines fabricated on lossy silicon with and without a metallization plane beneath the two signal conductors. The study illustrates the important role of the return path in determining the electromagnetic coupling between the lines. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Arz, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7024-4 PY 2001 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1109/EPEP.2001.967672 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT41L UT WOS:000172924000076 ER PT J AU Garrett, JH Law, KH Sriram, RD AF Garrett, JH Law, KH Sriram, RD TI Special issue on computer aided engineering in honor of Professor Steven J. Fenves SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garrett, JH (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2 BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 457RE UT WOS:000170149900001 ER PT J AU Lara, MR AF Lara, MR TI Morphology of the eye and visual acuities in the settlement-intervals of some coral reef fishes (Labridae, Scaridae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE larvae; vision; retina; sensory; wrasses; fish; acuity; Halichoeres; Thalassoma; Xyrichtys; Doratonotus ID GOATFISH UPENEUS-TRAGULA; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; POLARIZED-LIGHT; RETINAL STRUCTURE; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; PERCA-FLAVESCENS; FIELD EVIDENCE; YELLOW PERCH; DOUBLE CONES; VISION AB The morphology of the retina and photoreceptors of settlement-interval larvae and early juveniles and some adults of 12 species of Caribbean labrids and scarids were examined using histological techniques. The retinal structure is described in these species and life intervals. Larvae have a pure cone retina and unorganized mosaic and organization into a square mosaic pattern occurs during metamorphosis. Early post-settlement juveniles have an organized mosaic with structures that may enable them to detect polarized and UV light. Visual acuities were calculated for all species and life intervals and acuities ranged between 86.6-29.4 min of arc in the settlement-intervals and 16-1.8 min of arc in the adults. The visual abilities of the settlement-interval fishes and the possibility of the use of vision during settlement are discussed. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Lara, MR (reprint author), NOAA, SEFSC, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PY 2001 VL 62 IS 4 BP 365 EP 378 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 486DD UT WOS:000171802400001 ER PT J AU Merson, RR Pratt, HL AF Merson, RR Pratt, HL TI Distribution, movements and growth of young sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in the nursery grounds of Delaware Bay SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE cartilaginous fishes; elasmobranchs; Carcharhinidae; pupping grounds; reproduction ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HAMMERHEAD SHARK; CHINCOTEAGUE BAY; AGE; VIRGINIA; HAWAII AB During the spring and summer months of 1995, 1996 and 1997, gillnet and longline surveys were conducted in conjunction with tag and recapture experiments to outline spatial and seasonal distribution of young sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in Delaware Bay for essential fish habitat mapping, to assess abundance of young sandbar sharks, and to quantify growth during the summer nursery season. Sandbar sharks (n = 943) ranging from 40 to 120 cm fork length (48 to 130 cm total length) were captured; yearly totals were 199, 314 and 430 in 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. Individuals were captured between June and October in water temperatures ranging from 15.4 degrees to 28.5 degreesC and salinities ranging from 22.8 to 30.3 ppt. Presence of neonates and catch per unit effort data indicate that pupping begins in late June near the southwestern coast of the Bay. Juveniles were present from early June through September and their spatial distribution in the Bay appeared uniform. Of 782 sandbar sharks tagged and released during the three years, 50 were recaptured. Mean distance from tag to recapture location and mean days-at-liberty of sandbar sharks recaptured in Delaware Bay during the year of tagging were 10 km and 18 days, respectively. Some sharks were recaptured as far as 957 km from the release location. Length distributions show young-of-the-year sandbar sharks grow about 2-3 cm in length during the nursery season. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Merson, RR (reprint author), 31 Ironside Dr, W Barnstable, MA USA. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PY 2001 VL 61 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1011017109776 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 417BZ UT WOS:000167816700002 ER PT J AU Hobson, ES Chess, JR AF Hobson, ES Chess, JR TI Influence of trophic relations on form and behavior among fishes and benthic invertebrates in some California marine communities SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE community structure; acanthopterygian evolution; food-habits; feeding behavior ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; KELP FOREST; REEF FISHES; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; TELEOSTEAN FISHES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SIZE SELECTION; SANTA-BARBARA; GIANT-KELP; PREY SIZE AB Study of interactions among fishes and benthic invertebrates off southern California's Santa Catalina Island showed the great extent to which taxa are defined by trophic relations. The dominant fishes there are acanthopterygian teleosts, with the serranine serranid Paralabrax clathratus morphologically nearest the evolutionary mainstream. Because mainstream species have morphologies similar to their progenitors, marine communities have a long history of adaptations to threats from generalized predators like P. clathratus. Species examined at Santa Catalina indicate this experience has produced four basic defenses: smallness, which presents difficulties for predators with large and simply constructed feeding mechanisms; dissemblance, as through camouflage, which makes detection by visual hunters difficult; inedibility, which is attained by incorporating materials that an unspecialized digestive system cannot accommodate; and nocturnality, which results in avoiding diurnal predators altogether. Examination of trophic relations among the major fishes in Santa Catalina communities shows each with specialized ways to counter these defenses. Prey smallness has been met by reducing size of mouth relative to size of prey, either by evolving as smaller fishes or through structural changes in head and jaws. Prey dissemblance has been accommodated through enhanced visual acuity and varied means to remain an unrecognized threat while waiting for prey to move. Inedibility has been countered by developing specialized features of the alimentary tract, including dentition, while adjustments to nocturnality have included enhanced sensory capabilities that detect prey in low light. These adaptations to prey defenses define varied lines of divergence from the teleost mainstream as represented atbreak Santa Catalina. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hobson, ES (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ted.hobson@noaa.gov NR 94 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PY 2001 VL 60 IS 4 BP 411 EP 457 DI 10.1023/A:1011027312001 PG 47 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 414XN UT WOS:000167691600010 ER PT J AU Saeki, K Nakajima, M Loughlin, TR Calkins, DC Baba, N Kiyota, M Tatsukawa, R AF Saeki, K Nakajima, M Loughlin, TR Calkins, DC Baba, N Kiyota, M Tatsukawa, R TI Accumulation of silver in the liver of three species of pinnipeds SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE silver; pinnipeds; accumulation; selenium; mercury ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; COPPER; MERCURY; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINATION; SELENIUM; VANADIUM; FOOD; CARP AB Silver in the three species of pinnipeds [northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), and harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)] caught in the North Pacific Ocean were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, in order to understand accumulation and distribution of silver in pinnipeds. In northern fur seals, relatively high concentrations of silver were observed in the liver and body hair. Some 70% of the silver burden was concentrated in the liver. Hepatic silver concentrations were significantly correlated to age in northern fur seals (r = 0.766, P < 0.001, n = 49) and Steller sea lions (r = 0.496, P < 0.01, n = 28). Levels of silver concentrations per wet weight (mug g(-1)) in the three pinnipeds ranged from 0.04 to 0.55 for northern fur seals, from 0.1 to 1.04 for Steller sea lions and from 0.03 to 0.83 for harbor seals. Silver concentrations in liver for all pinnipeds were significantly correlated with mercury, and selenium (P < 0.001). Molar ratios between silver to selenium approximated 1:180 in northern fur seals, 1:120 in Steller sea lions, and 1:60 in harbor seals. The silver-mercury molar ratios were approximately 1:170 in northern fur seals, and 1:80 both in the other species. Increase in silver accumulation in the liver was caused by the retention in nuclei and mitochondria fraction together with mercury and selenium in the cells of northern fur seals. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ehime Univ, Dept Environm Conservat, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. RP Saeki, K (reprint author), Oita Univ, Fac Educ, Dannoharu 700, Oita 8701192, Japan. EM ksaeki@cc.oita-u.ac.jp NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2001 VL 112 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00103-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 389QH UT WOS:000166248900003 PM 11202650 ER PT J AU Lewis, MA Scott, G Klaine, SJ AF Lewis, MA Scott, G Klaine, SJ TI Marine and estuarine toxicology and chemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC USA. Clemson Univ, Pendleton, SC USA. RP US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1002/etc.5620200101 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384HX UT WOS:000165937700001 PM 11351395 ER PT J AU Fulton, MH Key, PB AF Fulton, MH Key, PB TI Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in estuarine fish and invertebrates as an indicator of organophosphorus insecticide exposure and effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE acetylcholinesterase; fish; invertebrates; organophosphorus insecticides ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; GRASS SHRIMP; LIFE STAGES; MARINE TELEOST; JOINT ACTION; TOXICITY; CHOLINESTERASES; PESTICIDES; LETHAL AB The majority of insecticides currently in use are organophosphorus, carbamate, and synthetic pyrethroid compounds. Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) produce toxicity by inhibiting the cholinesterase enzymes in the nervous system,Monitoring of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition has been widely used in terrestrial and freshwater aquatic systems as an indicator of OP exposure and effects. This review describes the use of AChE inhibition as a biomarker in the estuarine environment, discusses the relationship between AChE inhibition and other manifestations of OP toxicity, and highlights areas where additional research is needed. A variety of studies with estuarine fish have suggested that brain AChE inhibition levels of >70% are associated with mortality in most species. Selected species, however, appear capable of tolerating much higher levels (>90%) of brain inhibition. Sublethal effects on stamina have been reported for some estuarine fish in association with brain AChE inhibition levels as low as 50%. Most studies suggest, however, that these effects are observed only when brain AChE inhibition is at near-lethal levels. A number of field studies have successfully used AChE inhibition in fish as a biomarker in the estuarine environment. The use of AChE inhibition as a biomarker in estuarine invertebrates has been less well studied. Although AChE inhibition has been measured in the tissues of a variety of invertebrate species following OP exposure, the relationship between AChE inhibition and lethality is less distinct. Additional work is needed in both fish and invertebrates to better explain species-specific differences in the relationship between AChE inhibition and mortality and to investigate other physiological perturbations associated with AChE inhibition. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Fulton, MH (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 59 TC 355 Z9 382 U1 6 U2 85 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0037:AIIEFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384HX UT WOS:000165937700004 PM 11351414 ER PT J AU Long, ER Hong, CB Severn, CG AF Long, ER Hong, CB Severn, CG TI Relationships between acute sediment toxicity in laboratory tests and abundance and diversity of benthic infauna in marine sediments: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE sediment toxicity; benthic infauna ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; QUALITY TRIAD; CONTAMINATION; CALIFORNIA; AMPHIPODS; USA AB Acute sediment toxicity tests have become important in regulatory, monitoring, and scientific programs, partly because it has been assumed that they are indicative of ecological damage to benthic infaunal resources. Data from tests of sediment toxicity and measures of benthic community structure were examined from >1,400 saltwater samples re, determine the relationships between acute toxicity and changes in the abundance and diversity of infauna resources. Data were compiled from studies conducted along portions of the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific coasts of the United States. There was considerable variability among the data sets in the relationships between laboratory results and benthic measures. However, in 92% of the samples classified as toxic, at least one measure of benthic diversity or abundance was <50% of the average reference value. In 67% of these samples, at least one measure of benthic infauna abundance or diversity was <10% of average reference conditions. No amphipods were found in 39% of samples that were classified as toxic, whereas amphipods were absent from 28% of the nontoxic samples. In many survey areas, the abundance of crustaceans (notably the amphipods) decreased in the infauna as amphipod survival decreased in the laboratory tests. There appeared to be a break point in the data indicating that, generally, amphipod abundance in the field was lowest when survival in the laboratory tests dropped below 50% of controls. Based on the weight of evidence from all the data analyses, we conclude that ecologically relevant losses in the abundance and diversity of the benthic infauna frequently corresponded with reduced amphipod survival in the laboratory tests. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EVS Environm Consultants Ltd, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Long, ER (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 46 EP 60 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0046:RBASTI>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384HX UT WOS:000165937700005 PM 11351415 ER PT J AU Bargar, TA Scott, GI Cobb, GP AF Bargar, TA Scott, GI Cobb, GP TI Maternal transfer of contaminants: Case study of the excretion of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and technical-grade endosulfan into eggs by white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE maternal transfer; birds; polychlorinated biphenyls; endosulfan ID PCBS; PCDDS; PCDFS; DDE AB Reported avian maternal transfer rates of organochlorine contaminants range from 1% to as much as 20% of maternal body burdens. However, to our knowledge, no investigation of factors governing maternal transfer has been reported. Here, we report an investigation of maternal transfer of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorinated biphenyl (PCB 105), 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorinated biphenyl (PCB 156), 2,3,3',4,4',5,5' -heptachlorinated biphenyl (PCB 189), and technical-grade endosulfan into eggs by white leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus). Two experiments were performed to evaluate individual chemical excretion into eggs when hens were injected with each chemical individually (experiment one) or with a mixture of all four chemicals (experiment two). Each hen was injected subcutaneously every 4 d during a 21-d period with 100 mul of the dosing solution during both experiments. The mass of each chemical excreted into the egg was compared among eggs and with the mass injected into hens to determine the influence of chemical structure (experiment one) and interaction (experiment two) on maternal transfer of those chemicals into eggs. Maternal transfer of PCBs was inversely related to congener chlorination. The congener mass in eggs, as a percentage of the mass injected into hens, was 0.42% for PCB 189, 0.54% for PCB 156, and 0.61% for PCB 105. In experiment two, absolute excretion of only PCB 189 and alpha -endosulfan into eggs was affected by the presence of other chemicals. Excretion of PCB 189 (0.51%) and alpha -endosulfan (0.03%) increased and decreased, respectively, compared with when they were individually injected into hens during experiment one. Lastly, much less of the more metabolically susceptible endosulfan (0.04-0.12% of the mass injected) was excreted into the egg relative to PCBs, despite being injected into the hens at concentrations comparable with those of PCBs, suggesting, at least in avian species, lower maternal transfer of more metabolically susceptible chemicals. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bargar, TA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0061:MTOCCS>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384HX UT WOS:000165937700006 PM 11351416 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Scott, GI Ross, PE AF DeLorenzo, ME Scott, GI Ross, PE TI Toxicity of pesticides to aquatic microorganisms: A review SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE pesticides; estuarine; microorganisms; toxicity ID FRESH-WATER MICROCOSMS; ALGA SCENEDESMUS-SUBSPICATUS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDE APPLICATION AB Microorganisms contribute significantly to primary production, nutrient cycling, and decomposition in estuarine ecosystems; therefore, detrimental effects of pesticides on microbial species may have subsequent impacts on higher trophic levels. Pesticides may affect estuarine microorganisms via spills, runoff, and drift. Both the structure and the function of microbial communities may be impaired by pesticide toxicity. Pesticides may also be metabolized or bioaccumulated by microorganisms. Mechanisms of toxicity vary, depending on the type of pesticide and the microbial species exposed. Herbicides are generally most toxic to phototrophic microorganisms, exhibiting toxicity by disrupting photosynthesis. Atrazine is the most widely used and most extensively studied herbicide. Toxic effects of organophosphate and organochlorine insecticides on microbial species have also been demonstrated, although their mechanisms of toxicity in such nontarget species remain unclear. There is a great deal of variability in the toxicity of even a single pesticide among microbial species. When attempting to predict the toxicity of pesticides in estuarine ecosystems, effects of pesticide mixtures and interactions with nutrients should be considered. The toxicity of pesticides to aquatic microorganisms, especially bacteria and protozoa, is an area of research requiring further study. C1 US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI Carneiro, Fernanda/E-9513-2013 OI Carneiro, Fernanda/0000-0001-6389-4564 NR 111 TC 188 Z9 198 U1 16 U2 144 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 84 EP 98 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<0084:TOPTAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 384HX UT WOS:000165937700008 PM 11351418 ER PT B AU Kielpinski, D Ben-Kish, A Britton, J Meyer, V Rowe, MA Itano, WM Wineland, DJ Sackett, CA Monroe, C AF Kielpinski, D Ben-Kish, A Britton, J Meyer, V Rowe, MA Itano, WM Wineland, DJ Sackett, CA Monroe, C BE Clark, RG TI Recent results in trapped-ion quantum computing at NIST SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM ID THERMAL MOTION; GROUND-STATE; DECOHERENCE; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; INEQUALITY; TRANSITION; MEMORY; LOGIC AB We review recent experiments on entanglement, Bell's inequality,and decoherence-free subspaces in a quantum register of trapped Be-9(+) ions. We have demonstrated entanglement of up to four ions 1 using the technique of Molmer and Sorensen This method produces the state (\up arrowup arrow> + \down arrowdown arrow>)/root2 for two ions and the state (\down arrowdown arrowdown arrowdown arrow> +\up arrowup arrowup arrowup arrow>)/root2 for four ions. We generate the entanglement deterministically in each shot of the experiment. Measurements on the two-ion entangled state violates Bell's inequality at the 8sigma level(3). Because of the high detector efficiency of our apparatus, this experiment closes the detector loophole for Bell's inequality measurements for the first time. This measurement is also the first violation of Bell's inequality by massive particles that does not implicitly assume results from quantum mechanics. Finally, we have demonstrated reversible encoding of an arbitrary qubit, originally contained in one ion, into a decoherence-free subspace (DFS) of two ions (4). The DFS-encoded qubit resists applied collective dephasing noise and retains coherence under ambient conditions 3.6 times longer than does an unencoded qubit. The encoding method, which: uses single-ion gates and the two-ion entangling gate, demonstrates all the elements required for two-qubit universal quantum logic. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kielpinski, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000012 ER PT B AU Huber, WH Martin, SB Zimmerman, NM AF Huber, WH Martin, SB Zimmerman, NM BE Clark, RG TI Long-term charge offset noise in Coulomb-Blockade devices SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTORS AB While Coulomb-Blockade devices have shown promise as qubit systems or qubit state detectors, integration of these devices is severely hampered due to the low-frequency charge offset (Q(0)) drift in time. We note that an extrapolation of the 1/f noise to lower frequencies cannot account for the large (deltaQ(0) similar to 1 e) changes. We have investigated possible approaches towards reducing the Q(0) noise in Al/Al2O3-x/Al based Coulomb-Blockade (CB) devices. In Al/Al2O3-x/Al-based CB devices, the maximum stability was typically 1 day to 3 days, nearly independent of processing techniques or annealing treatments. In our best result, deltaQ(0) < 0.1 a (except for a single excursion) for 12 days. Encasing devices in a continuous metal vault (a nano-Faraday cage) did not however improve the Q(0) noise. We also discuss one specific, identified cause of the low frequency (< 10(-3) Hz) Q(0) noise. By extending conventional, two-level system theory (previously used to explain the behavior of macroscopic disordered materials), the noise is shown to be caused by atomic structural relaxations of nearby insulating regions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huber, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000026 ER PT B AU Rolston, SL AF Rolston, SL BE Clark, RG TI Quantum information processing with neutral atoms in optical lattices SO EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF QUANTUM COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation CY JAN 16-19, 2001 CL NATL MARITIME MUSEUM, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO NATL MARITIME MUSEUM ID ENTANGLEMENT; DENSITY; CESIUM; GATES; STATE AB Neutral atoms trapped in periodic optical potentials (optical lattices) offer a possible route toward quantum computation. The atoms can be kept well isolated from the environment, yet can be easily manipulated with the tools of atomic physics. This paper will give an overview of the prospects for the implementation of quantum information processing in such systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rolston, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-013-4 PY 2001 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW76D UT WOS:000183080000037 ER PT J AU Farnik, M Davis, S Nesbitt, DJ AF Farnik, M Davis, S Nesbitt, DJ TI High-resolution IR studies of hydrogen bonded clusters: Large amplitude dynamics in (HCl)(n) SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion Meeting on Cluster Dynamics CY APR 18-20, 2001 CL DURHAM, ENGLAND ID 6-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; FAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM; HCL DIMER; TUNNELING DYNAMICS; STRETCHING FUNDAMENTALS; INTERMOLECULAR MODES; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY AB Structural and dynamical information on small hydrogen-bonded systems is revealed by high-resolution IR spectroscopy of HCl dimer, trimer and tetramer. In (HCl)(2), four combination bands tentatively assigned to the Van der Waals stretch and geared band nu (5) vibrations are observed. The study focuses on two unexpected results : (i) all of the observed bands are built only on the bound HCl stretch nu (2), and (ii) the bands predominantly originate from the 9-fold less populated upper tunneling level of the ground state. Model 3D quantum calculations are presented to show that both these surprising trends originate from the large amplitude tunneling dynamics in the dimer. The (HCl)(3) spectra are assigned and analyzed for multiple isotopomeric contributions. The spectral fit reveals large homogeneous line broadening indicating the excited state lifetime of similar to1.6 ns and tentatively associated with dynamics of intramolecular vibrational energy distribution (IVR) induced trimer ring opening. Finally, first high-resolution data on the HCl stretch fundamental spectrum of (HCl)(4) are presented. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Farnik, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Farnik, Michal/F-5274-2014 OI Farnik, Michal/0000-0002-7106-0719 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2001 VL 118 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1039/b009808f PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 480MY UT WOS:000171466300005 PM 11605282 ER PT B AU Wong, APS Johnson, GC Owens, WB AF Wong, APS Johnson, GC Owens, WB GP AMS AMS TI Delayed-mode calibration of profiling float salinity data by historical hydrographic data SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID NORTH-ATLANTIC C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wong, APS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OCRD, 7600 Sand Point Way,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500004 ER PT B AU Aikman, F Kelley, JGW McQueen, J Gross, TF AF Aikman, F Kelley, JGW McQueen, J Gross, TF GP AMS AMS TI Atmospheric and oceanographic analyses and forecasts for the Chesapeake Bay region during the Coastal Marine Demonstration Project SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Aikman, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, NCS13,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500007 ER PT B AU Toth, Z Szunyogh, I AF Toth, Z Szunyogh, I GP AMS AMS TI The use of targeted observations in operational numerical weather forecasting SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; FASTEX; IMPACT C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Toth, Z (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Szunyogh, Istvan/G-9248-2012; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500018 ER PT B AU Horel, JD Ciliberti, CM Lazarus, SM AF Horel, JD Ciliberti, CM Lazarus, SM GP AMS AMS TI Data assimilation over the western United States SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SYSTEM C1 Univ Utah, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Horel, JD (reprint author), Univ Utah, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500025 ER PT B AU Miller, PA Barth, MF MacDonald, AE AF Miller, PA Barth, MF MacDonald, AE GP AMS AMS TI An introduction to FSL's assimilation model experiment (FAME) SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PROFILER C1 NOAA, OAR, FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, PA (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, FSL, Mail COde RFS4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 106 EP 112 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500026 ER PT B AU Xu, Q Gu, HD Gu, W AF Xu, Q Gu, HD Gu, W GP AMS AMS TI A variational method for Doppler radar data assimilation SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 118 EP 121 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500028 ER PT B AU Wei, L Xu, Q Hao, QY AF Wei, L Xu, Q Hao, QY GP AMS AMS TI Using GOES data to improve COAMPS cloud analysis and forecast SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500030 ER PT B AU Ferraro, R Daniels, J AF Ferraro, R Daniels, J GP AMS AMS TI A comparison of GOES and AMSU based total precipitable water retrievals SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ferraro, R (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Daniels, Jaime/E-7933-2011; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Daniels, Jaime/0000-0002-9438-6631; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 130 EP 131 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500031 ER PT B AU Gu, W Gu, HD Xu, Q AF Gu, W Gu, HD Xu, Q GP AMS AMS TI Impact of single-Doppler radar observations on numerical prediction of 7 May 1995 Oklahoma squall line SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500034 ER PT B AU Nai, K Wei, L Xu, Q Sashegyi, KD AF Nai, K Wei, L Xu, Q Sashegyi, KD GP AMS AMS TI Using ARM and mesonet data to test COAMPS soil-vegetation physics SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PARAMETERIZATION C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 165 EP 166 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500041 ER PT B AU Mamrosh, R Decker, R Weiss, C AF Mamrosh, R Decker, R Weiss, C GP AMS AMS TI Field forecaster evaluation of ACARS data-results of the NAOS ACARS assessment SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Weather Serv, Green Bay, WI 54313 USA. RP Mamrosh, R (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2485 S Point Rd, Green Bay, WI 54313 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500047 ER PT B AU Dummer, SD AF Dummer, SD GP AMS AMS TI An evaluation of missing point precipitation estimation techniques. SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NWS, St Louis Weather Forecast Off, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. RP Dummer, SD (reprint author), NWS, St Louis Weather Forecast Off, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 202 EP 209 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500051 ER PT B AU Heim, RR AF Heim, RR GP AMS AMS TI Deployment of the US Climate Reference Network: FY2000 status SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION C1 Natl Climate Data Ctr, Sci Serv Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Heim, RR (reprint author), Natl Climate Data Ctr, Sci Serv Div, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500056 ER PT B AU Gurka, JJ Dittberner, GJ AF Gurka, JJ Dittberner, GJ GP AMS AMS TI The next generation goes instruments: Status and potential impact SO FIFTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID SATELLITE C1 NESDIS, Off Syst Dev, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Gurka, JJ (reprint author), NESDIS, Off Syst Dev, FB-4,Room 3010AA,4401 Suitland Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU98Z UT WOS:000177564500058 ER PT S AU Heavner, TP Hollberg, LW Jefferts, SR Meekhof, DM Parker, TE Phillips, W Rolston, S Robinson, HG Shirley, JH Sullivan, DB Walls, FL Klipstein, WM Maleki, L Seidel, D Thompson, R Wu, S Young, L Vessot, RFC Mattison, EM DeMarchi, A AF Heavner, TP Hollberg, LW Jefferts, SR Meekhof, DM Parker, TE Phillips, W Rolston, S Robinson, HG Shirley, JH Sullivan, DB Walls, FL Klipstein, WM Maleki, L Seidel, D Thompson, R Wu, S Young, L Vessot, RFC Mattison, EM DeMarchi, A BE Schurmann, B TI PARCS - A Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Microgravity Research and Applications in Physical Sciences and Biotechnology CY SEP 10-15, 2000 CL SORRENTO, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, Seconda Univ Napoli, ASI, CNES, CSA, DLR, NASA, NASDA AB NIST, in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL), the University of Colorado, Politecnico di Torino and Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (SAO) is building a laser-cooled cesium (Cs) atomic clock for flight on the International Space Station (ISS). The clock, named PARCS (Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space) takes advantage of the microgravity environment of the ISS to achieve a high stability of, (,) . 5 x 10(-14). (-1/2) and an ultimate accuracy of . 5 x 10(-17), more than an order of magnitude better than terrestrial Cs fountains. Additionally, this accurate clock on the ISS will be used to perform a variety of tests of fundamental physics, such as relativity theory. Since the ISS orbit will cover a large portion of the earth, PARCS will serve as an internationally accessible primary standard thus improving comparisons between international standards laboratories. Here we describe the scientific objectives of the PARCS mission, present our design considerations and laboratory studies of prototypes of clock components, and evaluate the anticipated performance of PARCS such as systematic shifts and the ultimate accuracy of the device. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Heavner, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, MS 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-657-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 454 BP 739 EP 745 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BS85H UT WOS:000171226000098 ER PT J AU Pierce, AL Shearer, KD Baker, DM Dickhoff, WW AF Pierce, AL Shearer, KD Baker, DM Dickhoff, WW TI An autumn profile of growth regulatory hormones in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE equinox; fall; growth hormone (GH); insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); nutrition; somatotropic ID GILTHEAD SEA BREAM; FACTOR-I IMMUNOREACTIVITY; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; SPARUS-AURATA; LOW-TEMPERATURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; INSULIN; SMOLTIFICATION; KISUTCH AB We examined trends in the growth regulatory hormones growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) from August to December in chinook salmon. Fish on 100% (ad libitum) and 64% rations of a low fat high protein diet, and a 64% ration of commercial feed (BioOregon-grower) were sampled twice a month. Fish were kept on simulated natural photoperiod at constant temperature. GH declined in late August and early September, consistent with photoperiodic regulation. No effects of ration or diet composition on GH were found. IGF-I increased to a peak on 4 October 1998 and declined thereafter. High dietary ration and the higher fat commercial diet increased IGF-I. Fish length and IGF-I level were positively correlated. This study shows that a peak in IGF-I may occur in the fall in chinook salmon. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Pierce, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 25 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 582YY UT WOS:000177379800009 ER PT J AU Bilby, RE Fransen, BR Walter, JK Scarlett, WJ AF Bilby, RE Fransen, BR Walter, JK Scarlett, WJ TI Preliminary evaluation of the use of nitrogen stable isotope ratios to establish escapement levels for pacific salmon SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SMOLT SIZE; WASHINGTON; SURVIVAL; STREAMS; DECOMPOSITION; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15 AB Research over the last decade has established the ecological significance of the nutrients and organic matter deposited by Pacific salmon in the freshwater habitats where they spawn. A large proportion of the nitrogen in plants and animals in streams where salmon are abundant may be derived from spawning fish, and juvenile salmonids exhibit higher growth rates at locations where carcasses are available. Currently, no method is available to establish salmon escapement goals that meet the nutritional needs of streams. We examined the relationship between the abundance of spawning coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and the nitrogen stable isotope ratio of coho salmon parr to determine whether a saturation level for salmon-derived nitrogen could be identified. Coho parr were collected from 26 sites in western Washington in late winter. The isotope ratio in the coho parr was related to the abundance of salmon spawning at that site the previous autumn. The amount of carcass-derived nitrogen increased with increasing abundance of carcass tissue up to 0.15 kg of carcass/ m(2) of streambed area but exhibited no increase above this level. These preliminary data suggest that relationships between stable isotope values and carcass abundance may provide a useful supplement to traditional methods of establishing escapement goals for Pacific salmon. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Proc Program, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Bilby, RE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Proc Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. NR 38 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2001)026<0006:PEOTUO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 390JB UT WOS:000166291000002 ER PT J AU Cooney, RT Allen, JR Bishop, MA Eslinger, DL Kline, T Norcross, BL McRoy, CP Milton, J Olsen, J Patrick, V Paul, AJ Salmon, D Scheel, D Thomas, GL Vaughan, SL Willette, TM AF Cooney, RT Allen, JR Bishop, MA Eslinger, DL Kline, T Norcross, BL McRoy, CP Milton, J Olsen, J Patrick, V Paul, AJ Salmon, D Scheel, D Thomas, GL Vaughan, SL Willette, TM TI Ecosystem control of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE salmon; herring; Alaska; Prince William Sound ID FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ENERGY CONTENT; PREDATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; RECRUITMENT; CIRCULATION; MORTALITY; LARVAE AB Five years of field, laboratory, and numerical modelling studies demonstrated ecosystem-level mechanisms influencing the mortality of juvenile pink salmon and Pacific herring. Both species are prey for other fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals in Prince William Sound. We identified critical time-space linkages between the juvenile stages of pink salmon and herring rearing in shallow-water nursery areas and seasonally varying ocean state, the availability of appropriate zooplankton forage, and the kinds and numbers of predators. These relationships defined unique habitat dependencies for juveniles whose survivals were strongly linked to growth rates, energy reserves, and seasonal trophic sheltering from predators. We found that juvenile herring were subject to substantial starvation losses during a winter period of plankton diminishment, and that predation on juvenile pink salmon was closely linked to the availability of alternative prey for fish and bird predators. Our collaborative study further revealed that juvenile pink salmon and ages herring exploit very different portions of the annual production cycle. Juvenile pink salmon targeted the cool-water, early spring plankton bloom dominated by diatoms and large calanoid copepods, whereas young-of-the-year juvenile herring were dependent on warmer conditions occurring later in the postbloom summer and fall when zooplankton was composed of smaller calanoids and a diversity of other taxa. The synopsis of our studies presented in this volume speaks to contemporary issues facing investigators of fish ecosystems, including juvenile fishes, and offers new insight into problems of bottom-up and top-down control. In aggregate, our results point to the importance of seeking mechanistic rather than correlative understandings of complex natural systems. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Digital Graph, Anchorage, AK 99521 USA. Copper River Delta Inst, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corp, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Univ Maryland, Adv Visualizat Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Biol, Anchorage, AK 99520 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Soldotna, AK 99699 USA. RP Cooney, RT (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM windsong@montana.com NR 51 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 10 SU 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1046/j.1054-6006.2001.00039.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 519DB UT WOS:000173709000002 ER PT J AU Willette, TM Cooney, RT Patric, V Mason, DM Thomas, GL Scheel, D AF Willette, TM Cooney, RT Patric, V Mason, DM Thomas, GL Scheel, D TI Ecological processes influencing mortality of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE pink salmon; juvenile; predation; numerical modelling; Salmon density; prey switching ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; CHUM SALMON; MARINE MORTALITY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FISHES; GROWTH AB Our collaborative work focused on understanding the system of mechanisms influencing the mortality of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Coordinated field studies, data analysis and numerical modelling projects were used to identify and explain the mechanisms and their roles in juvenile mortality. In particular, project studies addressed the identification of major fish and bird predators consuming juvenile salmon and the evaluation of three hypotheses linking these losses to (i) alternative prey for predators (prey-switching hypothesis); (ii) salmon foraging behaviour (refuge-dispersion hypothesis); and (iii) salmon size and growth (size-refuge hypothesis). Two facultative planktivorous fishes, Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), probably consumed the most juvenile pink salmon each year, although other gadids were also important. Our prey-switching hypothesis was supported by data indicating that herring and pollock switched to alternative nekton prey, including juvenile salmon, when the biomass of large copepods declined below about 0.2 g m(-3). Model simulations were consistent with these findings, but simulations suggested that a June pteropod bloom also sheltered juvenile salmon from predation. Our refuge-dispersion hypothesis was supported by data indicating a five-fold increase in predation losses of juvenile salmon when salmon dispersed from near-shore habitats as the biomass of large copepods declined. Our size-refuge hypothesis was supported by data indicating that size- and growth-dependent vulnerabilities of salmon to predators were a function of predator and prey sizes and the timing of predation events. Our model simulations offered support for the efficacy of representing ecological processes affecting juvenile fishes as systems of coupled evolution equations representing both spatial distribution and physiological status. Simulations wherein model dimensionality was limited through construction of composite trophic groups reproduced the dominant patterns in salmon survival data. In our study, these composite trophic groups were six key zooplankton taxonomic groups, two categories of adult pelagic fishes, and from six to 12 groups for tagged hatchery-reared juvenile salmon. Model simulations also suggested the importance of salmon density and predator size as important factors modifying the predation process. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Univ Maryland, Off Informat Technol, Adv Visualizat Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Prince William Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. RP Willette, TM (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Rd,Ste B, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. EM mark_villette@fishgame.state.ak.us OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 65 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 10 SU 1 BP 14 EP 41 DI 10.1046/j.1054-6006.2001.00043.x PG 28 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 519DB UT WOS:000173709000003 ER PT J AU Norcross, BL Brown, ED Foy, RJ Frandsen, M Gay, SM Kline, TC Mason, DM Patrick, EV Paul, AJ Stokesbury, KDE AF Norcross, BL Brown, ED Foy, RJ Frandsen, M Gay, SM Kline, TC Mason, DM Patrick, EV Paul, AJ Stokesbury, KDE TI A synthesis of the life history and ecology of juvenile Pacific herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pacific herring; juvenile fish; feeding; nursery areas; growth ID CLUPEA-PALLASI VALENCIENNES; SOMATIC ENERGY CONTENT; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; GROWTH; AGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABUNDANCE; MORTALITY; LARVAE AB Physical and biological variables affecting juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound (PWS) from 1995 to 1998 were investigated as part of a multifaceted study of recruitment, the Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) program. Though more herring larvae were retained in eastern PWS bays, ages-0 and -1 herring used bays throughout PWS as nursery areas. Water transported into PWS from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) contributed oceanic prey species to neritic habitats. Consequently, variations in local food availability resulted in different diets and growth rates of herring among bays. Summer food availability and possible interspecific competition for food in nursery areas affected the autumn nutritional status and juvenile whole body energy content (WBEC), which differed among bays. The WBEC of age-0 herring in autumn was related to over-winter survival. The limited amount of food consumption in winter was not sufficient to meet metabolic needs. The smallest age-0 fish were most at risk of starvation in winter. Autumn WBEC of herring and winter water temperature were used to model over-winter mortality of age-0 herring. Differences in feeding and energetics among nursery areas indicated that habitat quality and age-0 survival were varied among areas and years. These conditions were measured by temperature, zooplankton abundance, size of juvenile herring, diet energy, energy source (GOA vs. neritic zooplankton), WBEC, and within-bay competition. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Norcross, BL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 62 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 10 SU 1 BP 42 EP 57 DI 10.1046/j.1054-6006.2001.00040.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 519DB UT WOS:000173709000004 ER PT J AU Eslinger, DL Cooney, RT McRoy, CP Ward, A Kline, TC Simpson, EP Wang, J Allen, JR AF Eslinger, DL Cooney, RT McRoy, CP Ward, A Kline, TC Simpson, EP Wang, J Allen, JR TI Plankton dynamics: observed and modelled responses to physical conditions in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; zooplankton; modelling; mixed-layer depth; physical forcing; Prince William Sound; Alaska ID SUBARCTIC PACIFIC-OCEAN; SPRING BLOOM; LIFE-HISTORY; BERING SEA; AUKE-BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; COPEPODS; MESOZOOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; NEOCALANUS AB Plankton populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, exhibited pronounced seasonal, annual and longer-period variability in composition and standing stock in response to physically influenced differences in nutrient availability, and possibly currents that modify local biomass by exchanges with water from the bordering Gulf of Alaska. During springs in which early, strong physical stratification developed, intense, short-lived phytoplankton blooms occurred. These blooms had relatively short residence times in the water column. In contrast, during springs in which slower, weaker stratification developed, phytoplankton blooms were prolonged and took longer to peak. These slower blooms prolonged the period of phytoplankton production, prolonged interaction with the springtime grazing community and led to the incorporation of more organic matter into pelagic food webs. A coupled biological-physical simulation of plankton production was used to examine the implications of seasonally varying air and mixed-layer temperatures, surface winds and incident light on the timing, duration, annual production and standing stock of plankton. Our modelling results reproduced the observed characteristics of the springtime production cycle, and the magnitude of zooplankton stocks for the period 1992-97 but not for 1981-91. These results suggest that for most of the 1990s, bottom-up influences on nutrient supplies controlled levels of primary consumers, whereas for the 11 years before that, other unknown factors dominated this process. We present the results of a comprehensive, multiyear study of relationships between plankton and physical limitations, and a retrospective analysis of earlier conditions to explore the possible causes for these differences. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Maine Dept Environm Protect, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Eslinger, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. NR 52 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 10 SU 1 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1046/j.1054-6006.2001.00036.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 519DB UT WOS:000173709000006 ER PT J AU Wang, J Jin, MB Patrick, EV Allen, JR Eslinger, DL Mooers, CNK Cooney, RT AF Wang, J Jin, MB Patrick, EV Allen, JR Eslinger, DL Mooers, CNK Cooney, RT TI Numerical simulations of the seasonal circulation patterns and thermohaline structures of Prince William Sound, Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE numerical simulation; thermohaline structure; freshwater runoff; overwintering ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION; MODEL AB A three-dimensional, primitive-equation ocean circulation model was applied to Prince William Sound, Alaska (3D-PWS circulation model), under forcing of an ocean tide, freshwater runoff, surface heat flux, Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) throughflow (inflow/outflow), and daily (synoptic), spatially varying winds. The 3D structures and seasonal cycles of the circulation patterns, temperature, salinity (density), and mixed layer are examined. Freshwater runoff significantly contributes to the basin-scale cyclonic circulation, which was not addressed in the previous simulations. Two typical circulation regimes, cyclonic and anticyclonic, characterize the complex flow patterns that depend on the intensities of the ACC thoughflow, freshwater discharge, and the synoptic wind. The spring (April-May) circulation pattern is characterized by a weak (maximum current 0.1 ms(-1)) anticyclonic flow in the central Sound, while the autumn (September-October) circulation is dominated by a basin-scale, cyclonic gyre (maximum current 0.2 ms(-1)) due to the increase of the ACC throughflow and the maximum freshwater influence. During the summer, the circulation includes the cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres. During the winter, the circulation pattern is controlled by the basin-scale cyclonic gyre and surface drift driven by the strong north-easterly (south-westward) wind forcing. The seasonal cycles of temperature (T) and salinity (S) vs. depth compare well with the observations. The simulated spring and autumn surface circulation patterns compare qualitatively well with the towed ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profilers) flow patterns and dynamic height patterns in the central Sound. An application of this model to zooplankton overwintering is discussed. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr Frontier Res Syst Global Chang, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Maryland, Comp Visualizat Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Alaska Digital Graph, Anchorage, AK 99521 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr Frontier Res Syst Global Chang, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jwang@iarc.uaf.edu RI Jin, Meibing/F-7666-2010 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 10 SU 1 BP 132 EP 148 DI 10.1046/j.1054-6006.2001.00035.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 519DB UT WOS:000173709000009 ER PT J AU Begg, GA Overholtz, WJ Munroe, NJ AF Begg, GA Overholtz, WJ Munroe, NJ TI The use of internal otolith morphometrics for identification of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) stocks on Georges Bank SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ETELIS-CARBUNCULUS; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; DISCRIMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; FISHERIES; SHAPE AB Internal otolith morphometrics, coupled with image analysis procedures and multivariate statistical analyses, were examined to investigate stock structure of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Georges Bank in the northwest Atlantic. Samples were collected during spring 1995-97 from the Northeast Peak (eastern Georges Bank) and the Great South Channel (western Georges Bank) spawning components. The structure of transverse sagittal otolith sections were described for individual haddock samples from each spawning component by using a combination of linear morphometrics, shape characteristics, and growth increments. Analyses were structured to account for the effects of size, sex, age, and year class. Significant differences in internal otolith structure were found between eastern and western Georges Bank haddock, providing phenotypic evidence of stock separation between the two spawning components. Eastern Georges Bank haddock tended to have smaller internal otolith dimensions than western Georges Bank haddock; these differences appeared to be related to growth rates. Total classification success for each spawning component varied from 61% to 83% for the different age and year-class combinations. Results from this study may be helpful in forming consistent stock definitions that can be used by both U.S. and Canadian fishery management agencies far rebuilding stocks of haddock on Georges Bank. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Begg, GA (reprint author), Marine Res Inst, POB 1390, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. NR 42 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 403VN UT WOS:000167063300001 ER PT J AU Carretta, JV Taylor, BL Chivers, SJ AF Carretta, JV Taylor, BL Chivers, SJ TI Abundance and depth distribution of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in northern California determined from a 1995 ship survey SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON AB We estimate abundance and describe the depth distribution of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in northern California from a November 1995 ship survey. This was the first ship survey designed to systematically survey different depth strata out to 91 m (50 fathoms) in this region. Harbor porpoise abundance in northern California is estimated at 5686 (CV=0.29, log-normal 95% CI=3498-9242), based on 377 km of transect effort and 153 porpoise sightings. Using a confidence interval of differences approach, we determined that our abundance estimate was significantly different (P=0.08; alpha =0.10) from an aerial survey estimate obtained 1 to 2 months earlier in the same region, where abundance was estimated at 13,145 (CV=0.39, log-normal 95% CI=6316-27,357). Possible explanations for differences in estimates include seasonal movement of porpoise to other areas or depths, insufficient transect effort during the ship survey, or underestimates of the fraction of porpoise groups missed on the trackline due to large swells. Porpoise distribution in northern California was not random with respect to water depth; significantly more porpoise than expected occurred at depths of 20 to 60 m and fewer porpoise than expected occurred at depths >60 m. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Carretta, JV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, POB 271, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 403VN UT WOS:000167063300003 ER PT J AU Gharrett, AJ Gray, AK Heifetz, J AF Gharrett, AJ Gray, AK Heifetz, J TI Identification of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) by restriction site analysis of the mitochondrial ND-3/ND-4 and 12S/16S rRNA gene regions SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DNA; GENOME; ORGANIZATION; SCORPAENIDAE; FLOW AB Species-specific restriction site variation in the 12S/16S rRNA and ND-3/ND-4 mtDNA regions was used to distinguish among 15 rockfish species of the genus Sebastes common to the waters of Alaska. Intraspecific variation exhibited by eight of the species (based on five individuals of each species) did not obscure the interspecific variation, except possibly between S. zacentrus and S. variegatus. Intraspecific nucleotide diversity averaged 0.0024 substitutions per nucleotide, whereas interspecific nucleotide divergence averaged 0.0249. In contrast, the average nucleotide divergences between Sebastes and two other scorpaenid species, Helicolenus hilgendorfi and Sebastolobus alascanus, were 0.0805 and 0.1073, respectively. Cladistic and phenetic analyses supported some, but not all, of the subgenera assignments of Sebastes. A scheme for distinguishing among the species studied was presented. Restriction sites of 10 restriction endonucleases were mapped in the two PCR-amplified mtDNA regions by using double digests. In all, we detected 153 sites corresponding to 640 (13.5%) of the 4815 nucleotides in the two regions combined. The ND-3/ND-4 region exhibited substantially more intraspecific,interspecific,and intergeneric variation than the 12S/16S rRNA region. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Div Fisheries, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 403VN UT WOS:000167063300005 ER PT J AU Nichol, DG Acuna, EI AF Nichol, DG Acuna, EI TI Annual and batch fecundities of yellowfin sole, Limanda aspera, in the eastern Bering Sea SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER; ARROWTOOTH FLOUNDER; ATHERESTHES-STOMIAS; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; PLEURONECTES-ASPER; MATURITY; FERRUGINEA; SABLEFISH; WATERS AB Annual and batch fecundities of yellowfin sole, Limanda aspera, in the eastern Bering Sea were determined. Most individuals had a determinate, group-synchronous mode of oocyte development as evidenced by a distinctly separate distribution of fully yolked oocytes in more advanced ovaries. The spawning of batches by an individual female occurs in uninterrupted succession, as indicated by the presence of oocytes with migratory-stage nuclei in nearly all females undergoing oocyte hydration. Total fecundity ranged from 295,615 to 3,635,108 oocytes per female and is described by 3.3225 x TL3.6312 where T = total fish length (cm). The length-fecundity relationship was found to be the same in both southeast and northwest areas of the eastern Bering Sea, despite known growth differences between the two areas. Individual females spawn from 8 to 11 batches. The first batch spawned is generally smaller in number than succeeding batches. After spawning begins, fish remain in the nearshore spawning area (<30 m bottom depth) until spent. The presence of residual chorion tissue from unspawned ova in the ovary lumen of some maturing females indicates that at least some females are capable of spawning more than one series of batches within one reproductive season. The annual fecundity, therefore, for such individuals is consequently considered indeterminate. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nichol, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,BIN C15700, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 403VN UT WOS:000167063300010 ER PT J AU Noll, C Varnavskaya, NV Matzak, EA Hawkins, SL Midanaya, VV Katugin, ON Russell, C Kinas, NM Guthrie, CM Mayama, H Yamazaki, F Finney, BP Gharrett, AJ AF Noll, C Varnavskaya, NV Matzak, EA Hawkins, SL Midanaya, VV Katugin, ON Russell, C Kinas, NM Guthrie, CM Mayama, H Yamazaki, F Finney, BP Gharrett, AJ TI Analysis of contemporary genetic structure of even-broodyear populations of Asian and western Alaskan pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN POPULATIONS; STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHUM SALMON; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; PACIFIC COAST; BERING SEA; RECORD; OCEAN; DIFFERENTIATION AB Even-year pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) populations from the Russian Far East and Japan exhibit genetic structure that reflects their geographic relationships. Extension of genetic analysis to include data from Bering Sea and northern Gulf of Alaska populations shows a combined genetic structure with three prominent groupings that correspond to the three North Pacific Ocean basins-the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska-and that are consistent with geographic, geologic history, and oceanographic features. Analysis of 35 Asian collections at 39 variable allozyme loci (54 total) allowed examination of population structure of even-year pink salmon. Although most (98.5%) of the genetic variation occurred within collections (populations), the 1.5% attributable to among-collection divergence was sufficient to detect population structure and provide a basis for some stock separation. Differences between western Kamchatka populations and eastern Sakhalin Island populations indicate that little gene flow occurs between those regions and argues against an interregional fluctuating stock model. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Inst Fisheries & Oceanog, Kamchatka Sci Res Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683602, Kamchatka, Russia. TINRO Ctr, Vladivostok 690600, Russia. Fisheries Agcy Japan, Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery, Toyohira Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries, Lab Genet & Embryol, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041, Japan. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Alaska, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Hwy, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ffajg@uaf.edu NR 77 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 123 EP 138 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 403VN UT WOS:000167063300011 ER EF