FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tang, YH Kupferman, SL Salazar, MT AF Tang, YH Kupferman, SL Salazar, MT TI An evaluation of two methods for comparing Josephson voltage standards of two laboratories SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Josephson voltage standard (JVS); measurement assurance program (MAP); transfer standard; traveling standards; uncertainty; Zener voltage standards ID OUTPUT AB The 10 V Josephson voltage standard (JVS) systems of the National Institute of Standard's and Technology (NIST) and the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) were compared by two different methods used simultaneously. The first method uses the well-established technique of the NIST's Measurement Assurance Program (MAP) in which Zener-diode electronic voltage standards (often called Zener voltage standards) are used as traveling standards. The second method, reported here for the first time, used a recently developed portable JVS as the traveling standard. This method provides a thorough verification of a JVS system including all the components of hardware and software as they are used normally to calibrate a secondary voltage standard. The uncertainty of the second method was more than an order of magnitude smaller and provided a way to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the predictability of Zeners when used as traveling standards. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tang, YH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 398 EP 403 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.840236 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 887ZA UT WOS:000226342800054 ER PT J AU Sarkar, S Phillips, PJ Liu, ZY Vega, IR Grother, P Bowyer, KW AF Sarkar, S Phillips, PJ Liu, ZY Vega, IR Grother, P Bowyer, KW TI The HumanID gait challenge problem: Data sets, performance, and analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE gait recognition; human motion analysis; biometrics; human identification; silhouette detection; spatiotemporal correlation ID VISUAL ANALYSIS; MOTION; RECOGNITION; VISION; MOVEMENT AB Identification of people by analysis of gait patterns extracted from video has recently become a popular research problem. However, the conditions under which the problem is "solvable" are not understood or characterized. To provide a means for measuring progress and characterizing the properties of gait recognition, we introduce the HumanID Gait Challenge Problem. The challenge problem consists of a baseline algorithm, a set of 12 experiments, and a large data set. The baseline algorithm estimates silhouettes by background subtraction and performs recognition by temporal correlation of silhouettes. The 12 experiments are of increasing difficulty, as measured by the baseline algorithm, and examine the effects of five covariates on performance. The covariates are: change in viewing angle, change in shoe type, change in walking surface, carrying or not carrying a briefcase, and elapsed time between sequences being compared. Identification rates for the 12 experiments range from 78 percent on the easiest experiment to 3 percent on the hardest. All five covariates had statistically significant effects on performance, with walking surface and time difference having the greatest impact. The data set consists of 1,870 sequences from 122 subjects spanning five covariates (1.2 Gigabytes of data). The gait data, the source code of the baseline algorithm, and scripts to run, score, and analyze the challenge experiments are available at http://www.GaitChallenge.org. This infrastructure supports further development of gait recognition algorithms and additional experiments to understand the strengths and weaknesses of new algorithms. The more detailed the experimental results presented, the more detailed is the possible meta-analysis and greater is the understanding. It is this potential from the adoption of this challenge problem that represents a radical departure from traditional computer vision research methodology. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Technol Inst Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sarkar@csee.usf.edu; jonathan@nist.gov; zliu4@csee.usf.edu; irobledo@itchihuahua.edu.mx; pgrother@nist.gov; kwb@cse.nd.edu RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009; OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207; Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 40 TC 450 Z9 506 U1 1 U2 35 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 162 EP 177 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.39 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 879AR UT WOS:000225689300001 PM 15688555 ER PT J AU Bowen, L Aldridge, BM DeLong, R Melin, S Buckles, EL Gulland, F Lowenstine, LJ Stott, JL Johnson, ML AF Bowen, L Aldridge, BM DeLong, R Melin, S Buckles, EL Gulland, F Lowenstine, LJ Stott, JL Johnson, ML TI An immunogenetic basis for the high prevalence of urogenital cancer in a free-ranging population of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE major histocompatibility complex; California sea lion; urogenital carcinoma ID HLA SYSTEM; 2 PARTS; CARCINOMA; GAMMAHERPESVIRUS; ASSOCIATION AB In response to an unprecedented prevalence of cancer recently identified in free-ranging populations of California sea lions [(CSL) (Zalophus californianus], we examined the role of the immunologically important major histocompatibility (MHC) genes in this disease epidemic. Associations between MHC genes and cancer have been well established in humans, but have never before been investigated in wildlife. Using a previously developed technique employing sequence-specific primer-based PCR with intercalating dye technology, MHC genotypes were examined from 27 cancer-positive and 22 cancer-negative CSL stranded along the California coastline. Analyses elucidated an underlying immunogenetic component to the high prevalence of urogenital cancer in sea lions. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the functional relevance of CSL class II MHC by revealing a non-random nature of cancer susceptibility associated with the presence of specific genes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Dept Microbiol Pathol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Western Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Vet Med, Pomona, CA USA. Marine Mammal Ctr, Marin Headlands GGNRA, Sausalito, CA USA. NOAA, NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Bowen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Lab Marine Mammal Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Dept Microbiol Pathol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lbowen@ucdavis.edu NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD FEB PY 2005 VL 56 IS 11 BP 846 EP 848 DI 10.1007/s00251-004-0757-z PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 898AF UT WOS:000227047300009 PM 15650877 ER PT J AU Leight, AK Scott, GI Fulton, MH Daugomah, JW AF Leight, AK Scott, GI Fulton, MH Daugomah, JW TI Long term monitoring of grass shrimp Palaemonetes spp. population metrics at sites with agricultural runoff influences SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on EcoPhysiology and Conservation - The Contribution of Endocrinology and Immunology CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; PUGIO; SUBLETHAL; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; SEDIMENT; COMMUNITIES; ENDOSULFAN; KILLIFISH; ESTUARIES AB Rising concern over pesticide usage near estuarine systems and evidence of physical and physiological impacts on estuarine organisms have strengthened the need to better identify the ecological effects of nonpoint source runoff. Grass shrimp, Palaemonetes spp., are ecologically important and abundant marsh inhabitants that may be impacted by anthropogenic contamination. Populations of grass shrimp were sampled monthly, over a period of ten years, at four sites in South Carolina with varying upland land use characteristics. Spatial and temporal trends in grass shrimp densities were noted over time and between sites. Agricultural and golf course land usage corresponded with decreased grass shrimp population levels, overall shrimp size, and percentage of gravid females. Conservation methods, such as the use of best management practices (BMPs) and integrated pesticide management (IPM) at agricultural fields, corresponded with increased grass shrimp population density. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Leight, AK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM ak.leight@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1093/icb/45.1.143 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 926KV UT WOS:000229123000019 PM 21676755 ER PT J AU Zha, XF AF Zha, XF TI A web-based advisory system for process and material selection in concurrent product design for a manufacturing environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE client-knowledge server architecture; conceptual design; design for manufacturing; fuzzy decision support; manufacturing advisory system; process and material selection; WWW AB This paper reports the work of selecting suitable manufacturing processes and materials in concurrent design for manufacturing environment. In the paper, a fuzzy knowledge-based decision support method is proposed for multi-criteria decision-making in evaluating and selecting possible manufacturing process/material combinations in terms of the total production cost. Based on the proposed method, a prototype Web-based knowledge-intensive manufacturing consulting service system (WebMCSS) with the client-knowledge server architecture is developed to help designers/users find good processes and materials while still at the conceptual level of design. The system, as one of the important parts of an advanced design for manufacturing tool, is a concept level process and material selection tool that can be used as both a standalone application and a Java applet freely available via the Web. Interlinked with Web pages of tutorials, and reference pages explaining the facets, fabrication processes and material choices, the system performs reasoning and calculations using the process capability and material property data from the remote Web-based database and knowledge base that can be maintained and updated via the Internet. The use of the system is illustrated with an example. C1 Singapore Inst Mfg Technol, Singapore, Singapore. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Mail Stop 8263,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zha@cme.nist.gov NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s00170-003-1838-0 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 893QJ UT WOS:000226734000005 ER PT J AU Widmann, JF Duchez, J Yang, JC Conny, JM Mulholland, GW AF Widmann, JF Duchez, J Yang, JC Conny, JM Mulholland, GW TI Measurement of the optical extinction coefficient of combustion-generated aerosol SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soot; smoke; extinction coefficient; carbonaceous aerosol; elemental carbon; total carbon ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BLACK CARBON; SOOT; PARTICLES; SMOKE; TEMPERATURE AB This note describes measurements of the mass-specific extinction coefficient, sigma(s), of carbonaceous aerosol produced during hydrocarbon combustion. Measurements of sigma(s) were obtained by laser extinction lambda = 632 nm. The aerosol was generated using a laminar diffusion flame, and the mass-specific extinction coefficient determined as a function of the global equivalence ratio, phi. The elemental carbon content of the aerosol was also determined with respect to phi. A relationship was developed between the elemental carbon/total carbon (EC/TC) ratio and sigma(s). A simple method of producing laboratory aerosol with controlled EC/TC ratio is also presented. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Widmann, JF (reprint author), Fluent Inc, 10 Cavendish Court, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM jfw@fluent.com NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 36 IS 2 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.09.005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895TF UT WOS:000226885800008 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH AF Levine, ZH TI Theory of bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy for tomography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB Radiation transport theory is applied to electron microscopy of samples composed of one or more materials. The theory, originally due to Goudsmit and Saunderson, assumes only elastic scattering and an amorphous medium dominated by atomic interactions. For samples composed of a single material, the theory yields reasonable parameter-free agreement with experimental data taken from the literature for the multiple scattering of 300-keV electrons through aluminum foils up to 25 mum thick. For thin films, the theory gives a validity condition for Beer's law. For thick films, a variant of Moliere's theory [V. G. Moliere, Z. Naturforschg. 3a, 78 (1948)] of multiple scattering leads to a form for the bright-field signal for foils in the multiple-scattering regime. The signal varies as [t ln(e(1-2gamma)t/tau)](-1) where t is the path length of the beam, tau is the mean free path for elastic scattering, and gamma is Euler's constant. The Goudsmit-Saunderson solution interpolates numerically between these two limits. For samples with multiple materials, elemental sensitivity is developed through the angular dependence of the scattering. From the elastic scattering cross sections of the first 92 elements, a singular-value decomposition of a vector space spanned by the elastic scattering cross sections minus a delta function shows that there is a dominant common mode, with composition-dependent corrections of about 2%. A mathematically correct reconstruction procedure beyond 2% accuracy requires the acquisition of the bright-field signal as a function of the scattering angle. Tomographic reconstructions are carried out for three singular vectors of a sample problem with four elements Cr, Cu, Zr, and Te. The three reconstructions are presented jointly as a color image; all four elements are clearly identifiable throughout the image. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 AR 033101 DI 10.1063/1.1828604 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 894GG UT WOS:000226778300002 ER PT J AU Sobolewski, MA AF Sobolewski, MA TI Noninvasive monitoring of ion energy drift in an inductively coupled plasma reactor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ARGON GLOW-DISCHARGES; CAPACITIVE RF SHEATH; HIGH-DENSITY; RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS; WALL CONDITIONS; REFERENCE CELL; PLANAR SYSTEM; FREQUENCY AB A noninvasive method for monitoring ion current and ion kinetic energy has been used to monitor drift in an inductively coupled, rf-biased plasma reactor. The technique detects a slow decrease in ion current over time caused by the deposition of a conductive layer on the dielectric window of the inductive source. Accompanying this drift in ion current are changes in ion energy which, depending on conditions, may be large or small, increasing or decreasing. The changes in ion energy are explained by three different kinds of mechanisms: bias voltage effects, sheath impedance effects, and ion transit-time effects. For each mechanism, a simple analysis is given that allows one to estimate the resulting drift in ion energy for a given drift in ion current. The mechanisms of ion energy drift, and the monitoring technique itself, are not limited to the particular experimental conditions of this study; rather, they apply to a wide range of plasmas and reactors. Drifts in ion energy caused by the mechanisms reported here have undoubtedly occurred in many plasma reactors but have gone largely or entirely unnoticed for lack of any reliable method to detect them. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.sobolewski@nist.gov NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 AR 033301 DI 10.1063/1.1834977 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 894GG UT WOS:000226778300005 ER PT J AU Yan, QY Gambino, RJ Sampath, S Huang, Q AF Yan, QY Gambino, RJ Sampath, S Huang, Q TI Neutron diffraction and ferromagnetic resonance studies on plasma-sprayed MnZn ferrite films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; COERCIVE FORCE; DEPOSITION; DEPENDENCE; ANISOTROPY; COATINGS; THICK AB The magnetic properties of MnZn ferrites are affected by the plasma spray process. It is found that improvements can be made by annealing the ferrite films at 500 degreesC-800 degreesC. The annealing induced magnetic property changes are studied by neutron diffraction and ferromagnetic resonance techniques. The increase of the saturation magnetization is attributed to the cation ordering within the spinel lattice, which increases the magnetic moment per ferrite formula. The refinements on the neutron diffraction data suggest that the redistribution of the cation during annealing neither starts from a fully disordered state nor ends to a fully ordered state. The decrease of the coercivity is analyzed with the domain wall pinning model. The measurements on the magnetostriction and residual stress indicate that coercive mechanisms arising from the magnetoelastic energy term are not dominant in these ferrite films. The decrease of the coercivity for annealed ferrite films is mainly attributed to the decrease of the effective anisotropic field, which may result from the homogenization of the film composition and the reduction of the microstructural discontinuity (e.g., cracks, voids, and splat boundaries). (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yan, QY (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Yan , Qingyu/A-2237-2011 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 3 AR 033902 DI 10.1063/1.1831551 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 894GG UT WOS:000226778300046 ER PT J AU Ignatov, A Cao, CY Sullivan, J Levin, R Wu, XQ Galvin, R AF Ignatov, A Cao, CY Sullivan, J Levin, R Wu, XQ Galvin, R TI The usefulness of in-flight measurements of space count to improve calibration of the AVHRR solar reflectance bands SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; AEROSOL RETRIEVALS; THERMAL CALIBRATION; INFRARED CHANNELS; IR CHANNELS; NOAA-9; IMAGERS; OCEAN AB The solar reflectance bands (SRB; centered at lambda(1) = 0.63, lambda(2) = 0.83, and lambda(3A) = 1.61 mum) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) flown on board NOAA satellites are often referred to as noncalibrated in-flight. In contrast, the Earth emission bands (EEBs; centered at lambda(3B) = 3.7, lambda(4) = 11, and lambda(5) = 12 mum) are calibrated using two reference points: deep space and the internal calibration targets. In the SRBs, measurements of space count (SC) are also available;, however, historically they are not used to specify the calibration offset [zero count (ZC)], which does not even appear in the calibration equation. A regression calibration formulation is used instead, equivalent to setting the ZC to a constant, whose value is specified from prelaunch measurements. The analyses below, supported by a review of the instrument design and a wealth of historical SC information, show that the SC varies in-flight and differs from its prelaunch value. It is therefore suggested that 1) the AVHRR calibration equation in the SRBs be reformulated to explicitly use the ZC, consistently with the EEBs; and 2) the value of ZC be specified from the onboard measurements of SC. The ZC formulation of the calibration equation is physically solid, and it minimizes human-induced calibration errors resulting from the use of a regression formulation with an unconstrained intercept. Specifying the calibration offset improves radiances, most notably at the low end of radiometric scale, and subsequently provides for more accurate vicarious determinations of the calibration slope (gain). These calibration improvements are important for the products derived from the AVHRR low radiances, such as aerosol over ocean, and are particularly critical when generating their long-term climate data records (CDRs). C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite Data Proc & Distribut, Suitland, MD USA. ITT Aerosp Commun, Radiometr Prod Grp, Ft Wayne, IN USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), E-RA3,Rm 603,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM alex.ignatov@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 180 EP 200 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1691.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897XW UT WOS:000227041200005 ER PT J AU Schroeder, JL Burgett, WS Haynie, KB Sonmez, I Skwira, GD Doggett, AL Lipe, JW AF Schroeder, JL Burgett, WS Haynie, KB Sonmez, I Skwira, GD Doggett, AL Lipe, JW TI The West Texas Mesonet: A technical overview SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA MESONET AB The West Texas Mesonet originated in 1999 as a project of Texas Tech University. The mesonet consists of 40 automated surface meteorological stations, two atmospheric profilers, and one upper-air sounding system. Each surface station measures up to 15 meteorological and 10 agricultural parameters over an observation period of 5 and 15 min, respectively. The mesonet uses a combination of radio, cell phone, landline phone, and serial server (Internet) communication systems to relay data back to the base station at Reese Technology Center (formerly Reese Air Force Base), Texas. Data are transmitted through the radio network every 5 min for most meteorological data and every 15 min for agricultural data. For stations located outside of the radio network, phone systems transmit data every 30-60 min. The archive includes data received through the various communication systems, as well as data downloaded in the field from each station during regularly scheduled maintenance visits. Quality assurance/control (QA/QC) tests effectively flag data for manual review from a decision maker. The QA/QC flags and review decisions are then added to the database. All data are available free of charge; real-time data are available on the West Texas Mesonet Web page, and an interface to access the data archive is currently being developed. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Wind Sci & Engn Res Program, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Lubbock, TX USA. Inst Appl Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Schroeder, JL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Wind Sci & Engn Res Program, Box 42101, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM john.schroeder@ttu.edu NR 13 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1690.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897XW UT WOS:000227041200007 ER PT J AU Peng, SL Robinson, WA Li, SL Hoerling, MP AF Peng, SL Robinson, WA Li, SL Hoerling, MP TI Tropical Atlantic SST forcing of coupled north Atlantic seasonal responses SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; MECHANISMS; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; FEEDBACK; OCEANS AB Recent observational studies reveal that a fall Pan-Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, composed of a horseshoe-like dipole in the North Atlantic and a southern center in the equatorial Atlantic,, tends to precede the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its related SST tripole by several months. This study seeks to understand this relationship using large ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments and experiments with the AGCM coupled to a mixed layer ocean (AGCM_ML). The models are forced either by the North Atlantic horseshoe (NAH) or by the tropical SST anomalies over the boreal winter months. The AGCM results show that the NAH anomaly induces a baroclinic response in geopotential heights throughout the winter, with little projection on the NAO. Since the NAH anomaly is ineffective in forcing the wintertime NAO, it cannot account for observations that the NAH SST leads the NAO. In contrast, in the AGCM_ML, the coupled North Atlantic response forced by the tropical anomaly exhibits a strong seasonal dependence. In early winter, the positive anomaly induces a trough east of Newfoundland with a wave train to the northeast, and in late winter the response projects strongly on a negative NAO. Correspondingly, the extratropical SST response features an NAH-like pattern in early winter and a tripole in late winter. These results suggest that tropical Atlantic SST anomalies can significantly influence the coupled extratropical variability. The observed relationship between the fall NAH SST and the winter NAO (or the SST tripole) may be a consequence of persistent forcing of the seasonally varying atmosphere by tropical SST anomalies. Comparisons with the parallel AGCM results indicate that the largely sign-symmetric NAO responses developed in the AGCM_ML are in part due to active extratropical SST feedbacks. Diagnostic experiments using a linear model further illustrate that, in the absence of transient-eddy feedbacks, an idealized tropical heating induces anomalous flows that are qualitatively similar in early and late winter. with a trough southeast of Newfoundland and a ridge to the northeast. The enhanced seasonality in the SST-induced coupled response likely arises from the seasonal modulation of transient-eddy feedbacks on the heating-forced anomalous flow. C1 NOAA, CIRES CDC, RCDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Peng, SL (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES CDC, RCDC1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Shiling.Peng@noaa.gov RI Robinson, Walter/I-3782-2012; Li, Shuanglin /D-5695-2013 OI Robinson, Walter/0000-0002-6669-7408; Li, Shuanglin /0000-0002-4891-8561 NR 28 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 480 EP 496 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3270.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901TU UT WOS:000227305600007 ER PT J AU Pierce, AL Fukada, H Dickhoff, WW AF Pierce, AL Fukada, H Dickhoff, WW TI Metabolic hormones modulate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA level in primary culture of salmon hepatocytes SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY RAT HEPATOCYTES; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; GILLICHTHYS-MIRABILIS; MOLECULAR REGULATION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; THYROID-HORMONE AB Liver production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a major point of control in the growth hormone (GH)/IGF axis, the endocrine system regulating body growth in fishes and other vertebrates. Pituitary GH stimulates hepatocyte production of IGF-I; however, in catabolic states, hepatocyte GH resistance results in decreases in liver IGF-I production. To investigate endocrine mechanisms leading to the development of hepatocyte GH resistance, we examined the regulation of IGF-I mRNA level by GH and metabolic hormones in primary culture of salmon hepatocytes. Cells were cultured in RPMI medium, and exposed to insulin (Ins, 10(-6) M), glucagon (Glu, 10(-6) M), triiodothyronine (T-3, 10(-7) M), dexamethasone (Dex, 10(-6) M) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP, 10(-6) M), in the presence and absence of GH (5 X 10(-9) M). GH always increased IGF-I mRNA. None of the other hormones tested alone affected IGF-I mRNA. However, Dex, Ins and Glu reduced the response to GH. The response to GH was inhibited by Dex at concentrations of 10(-12) M and above, by Ins at 10(-9) M and above, and by Glu only at 10(-6) M. Inhibition of GH response by glucocorticoids is found in other vertebrates. Salmon hepatocytes were very sensitive to Dex, suggesting that glucocorticoids may play an important role in salmon growth regulation even in unstressed conditions. Inhibition of GH response by Ins is the opposite of what is found in mammals and chickens, suggesting that the role of Ins in growth regulation may differ between fishes and tetrapods. To examine mechanisms for modulation of GH sensitivity, we measured hepatocyte GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels. Ins inhibited and Dex stimulated GHR mRNA, suggesting that different mechanisms mediate the inhibition of GH response by these hormones. This study shows that glucocorticoids, Ins, and Glu induce GH resistance in cultured salmon hepatocytes. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kochi Univ, Fac Agr, Kochi 7808520, Japan. RP Pierce, AL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Integrat Fish Biol Program, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM piercea@u.washington.edu NR 41 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 184 IS 2 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1677/joe.1.05892 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 901JD UT WOS:000227277900004 PM 15684342 ER PT J AU Tornero, V Borrell, A Aguilar, A Wells, RS Forcada, J Rowles, TK Reijnders, PJH AF Tornero, V Borrell, A Aguilar, A Wells, RS Forcada, J Rowles, TK Reijnders, PJH TI Effect of organochlorine contaminants and individual biological traits on blubber retinoid concentrations in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID SEAL PHOCA-VITULINA; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; VITAMIN-A STATUS; HARBOR PORPOISE; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; COASTAL WATERS; ATLANTIC COAST; BELUGA WHALES; GREY SEALS AB Here we assessed retinoids as biomarkers of contaminant exposure by studying whether the sex, age, lipid content and organochlorine concentrations of bottlenose dolphins induced variation in retinoid status and its deposition in blubber. Blubber samples were collected from 47 individuals of known age and gender from Sarasota Bay in June 2000 and 2001. The sample included a representative cross-section of the resident dolphin community, with ages ranging from 2 to 50 years. Organochlorine levels showed the age- and sex-related variation commonly observed in other species, with concentrations increasing in youngsters of both sexes and in adult males, and decreasing in adult females after the onset of maturity. Blubber lipid content was low in the overall population and significantly decreased with age in adult males. Retinoid blubber concentrations were comparable to other odontocete species previously studied, and were strongly determined by lipid content. As a consequence of the latter, retinoid concentration was observed to decrease with age in adult males. This effect could not be statistically dissociated from the negative correlation observed between levels of organochlorines and retinoid blubber concentration. Consequently, we could not clarify whether high organochlorine loads in this population lowered retinoid concentrations or, conversely, whether depleted lipid reserves were indeed responsible for the high organochlorine concentrations and the low retinoid levels detected in blubber. With the current knowledge, both options should be considered and investigated, with initial focus on male dolphins. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, Fac Biol, E-08071 Barcelona, Spain. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Div Biol Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Alterra Marine & Coastal Zone Res, NL-1790 AD Den Burg, Netherlands. RP Tornero, V (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, Fac Biol, Diagonal 645, E-08071 Barcelona, Spain. EM victoriatornero@ub.edu RI Borrell, Asuncion/B-8257-2009; Aguilar, Alex/L-1283-2014 OI Borrell, Asuncion/0000-0002-6714-0724; Aguilar, Alex/0000-0002-5751-2512 NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1039/b410494c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901JT UT WOS:000227279500009 PM 15690090 ER PT J AU Nerette, P Dohoo, I Hammell, L Gagne, N Barbash, P MacLean, S Yason, C AF Nerette, P Dohoo, I Hammell, L Gagne, N Barbash, P MacLean, S Yason, C TI Estimation of the repeatability and reproducibility of three diagnostic tests for infectious salmon anaemia virus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE diagnostic tests; indirect fluorescent antibody testing; infectious salmon anaemia virus; repeatability; reproducibility; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ID ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR; ISA; KIDNEY AB Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR), virus isolation (VI) and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) are three assays currently used by the salmon industry to identify fish infected with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). However, no data are available on the repeatability (within- laboratory consistency) and reproducibility (between- laboratory consistency) of these assays and very limited information is available on the effect of freezing samples on test results. In order to evaluate these assays, five laboratories participated in a blinded study of 400 kidney samples representing four populations of farmed Atlantic salmon with different prevalence of ISAV. Each laboratory used its own testing protocols. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated using kappa as the measure of agreement. The effect of freezing was evaluated using the McNemar test. Freezing did not affect VI but improved the sensitivity of RT- PCR. The repeatability and reproducibility of VI was almost perfect. There was a substantial difference in repeatability of RT- PCR among the three laboratories with kappa ranging from 0.5 to 0.96. The repeatability for RT- PCR was generally low. The repeatability of IFAT was moderate when the results were analysed using 1+ and above as a positive result. The results of the study show the need to standardize the protocol and interpretation of RT- PCR. C1 Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Aquaculture Div, Moncton, NB, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NW Fishery Ctr, Fish Hlth Ctr, Lamar, PA USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. RP Nerette, P (reprint author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. EM pnerette@upei.ca NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00613.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 896WI UT WOS:000226964500005 PM 15705155 ER PT J AU Callahan, HA Litaker, RW Noga, EJ AF Callahan, HA Litaker, RW Noga, EJ TI Genetic relationships among members of the Ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; costia; ectoparasite; fish; internal transcribed spacers; small subunit ribosomal RNA ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; LEISHMANIA; SALMON; KINETOPLASTIDA; PATHOGENESIS; POLYMORPHISM AB Ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. Costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. Recently it has been demonstrated that Ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. Knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. To address the question of host specificity, genomic DNA was isolated from Ichthyobodo trophonts collected from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, koi, Cyprinus carpio, mirror carp, C. carpio, goldfish, Carassius auratus, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri, and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene from each isolate was analysed with previously published Ichthyobodo sequences using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) from six isolates were also PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Both the SSU rRNA phylogenetic analysis and the ITS rRNA sequence data support grouping the 22 Ichthyobodo isolates examined into a complex of nine different species. Many of these species were frequently isolated from multiple hosts, indicating that exchange of infested fish from one region to another has a high potential for spreading the disease. In one instance, the same species was obtained from marine and freshwater fish, further suggesting that certain Ichthyobodo species may not be limited by salinity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beauford, NC USA. RP Noga, EJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ed_noga@ncsu.edu NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00603.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 896WI UT WOS:000226964500006 PM 15705156 ER PT J AU Pepin, NC Seidel, DJ AF Pepin, NC Seidel, DJ TI A global comparison of surface and free-air temperatures at high elevations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; SITES; URBANIZATION; DIFFERENCE AB [ 1] Surface and free-air temperature observations from the period 1948-2002 are compared for 1084 surface locations at high elevations (>500 m) on all continents. Mean monthly surface temperatures are obtained from two homogeneity adjusted data sets: Global Historical Climate Network ( GHCN) and Climatic Research Unit ( CRU). Free-air temperatures are interpolated both vertically and horizontally from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis R1 2.5degrees grids at given pressure levels. The compatibility of surface and free-air observations is assessed by examination of the interannual variability of both surface and free-air temperature anomalies and the surface/free-air temperature difference (DeltaT). Correlations between monthly surface and free-air anomalies are high. The correlation is influenced by topography, valley bottom sites showing lower values, because of the influence of temporally sporadic boundary layer effects. The annual cycle of the derived surface/free-air temperature difference (DeltaT) demonstrates physically realistic variability. Cluster analysis shows coherent DeltaT regimes, which are spatially organized. Temporal trends in surface and free-air temperatures and DeltaT are examined at each location for 1948-1998. Surface temperatures show stronger, more statistically robust and widespread warming than free-air temperatures. Thus DeltaT is increasing significantly at the majority of sites (>70%). A sensitivity analysis of trend magnitudes shows some reliance on the time period used. DeltaT trend variability is dominated by surface trend variability because free-air trends are weak, but it is possible that reanalysis trends are unrealistically small. Results are sensitive to topography, with mountaintop sites showing weaker DeltaT increases than other sites ( although still positive). There is no strong relationship between any trend magnitudes and elevation. Since DeltaT change is dependent on location, it is clear that temperatures at mountain sites are changing in ways contrasting to free air. C1 Univ Portsmouth, Dept Geog, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, Hants, England. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pepin, NC (reprint author), Univ Portsmouth, Dept Geog, Buckingham Bldg,Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, Hants, England. EM nicholas.pepin@port.ac.uk NR 40 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D3 AR D03104 DI 10.1029/2004JD005174 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895YQ UT WOS:000226901400004 ER PT J AU Hogue, TS Bastidas, L Gupta, H Sorooshian, S Mitchell, K Emmerich, W AF Hogue, TS Bastidas, L Gupta, H Sorooshian, S Mitchell, K Emmerich, W TI Evaluation and transferability of the Noah land surface model in semiarid environments SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES PILPS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; IMPROVED CALIBRATION; SALSA PROGRAM; ETA-MODEL; PROJECT; VALIDATION; COMPLEXITY; VEGETATION AB This paper investigates the performance of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Noah land surface model at two semiarid sites in southern Arizona. The goal is to evaluate the transferability of calibrated parameters (i.e., direct application of a parameter set to a "similar" site) between the sites and to analyze model performance under the various climatic conditions that can occur in this region. A multicriteria, systematic evaluation scheme is developed to meet these goals. Results indicate that the Noah model is able to simulate sensible heat, ground heat, and ground temperature observations with a high degree of accuracy, using the optimized parameter sets. However, there is a large influx of moist air into Arizona during the monsoon period, and significant latent heat flux errors are observed in model simulations during these periods. The use of proxy site parameters (transferred parameter set), as well as traditional default parameters, results in diminished model performance when compared to a set of parameters calibrated specifically to the flux sites. Also, using a parameter set obtained from a longer-time-frame calibration (i.e., a 4-yr period) results in decreased model performance during nonstationary, short-term climatic events, such as a monsoon or El Nino. Although these results are specific to the sites in Arizona, it is hypothesized that these results may hold true for other case studies. In general, there is still the opportunity for improvement in the representation of physical processes in land surface models for semiarid regions. The hope is that rigorous model evaluation, such as that put forth in this analysis, and studies such as the project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Processes (PILPS) San Pedro-Sevilleta, will lead to advances in model development, as well as parameter estimation and transferability, for use in long-term climate and regional environmental studies. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NOAA, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Agr Res Serv, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hogue, TS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5732C Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM thogue@seas.ucla.edu RI Bastidas, Luis/B-5236-2008; Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839; sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 NR 37 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 68 EP 84 DI 10.1175/JHM-402.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903OT UT WOS:000227436100005 ER PT J AU Egelhoff, WF Gan, L Ettedgui, H Kadmon, Y Powell, CJ Chen, PJ Shapiro, AJ McMichael, RD Mallett, JJ Moffat, TP Stiles, MD Svedberg, EB AF Egelhoff, WF Gan, L Ettedgui, H Kadmon, Y Powell, CJ Chen, PJ Shapiro, AJ McMichael, RD Mallett, JJ Moffat, TP Stiles, MD Svedberg, EB TI Artifacts that mimic ballistic magnetoresistance SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Conference (PMRC 2004) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2004 CL Sendai, JAPAN DE ballistic magnetoresistance; artifacts; nanocontacts ID ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOCONTACTS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB We have investigated the circumstances underlying recent reports of very large values of ballistic magneto rest stance (BMR) in nanocontacts between magnetic wires. We find that the geometries used are subject to artifacts due to motion of the wires that distort the nanocontact thereby changing its electrical resistance. Since these nanocontacts are often of atomic scale, reliable experiments would require stability on the atomic scale. No method for achieving such stability in macroscopic wires is apparent. We conclude that macroscopic magnetic wires cannot be used to establish the validity of the BMR effect. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egelhoff@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 287 SI SI BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.10.082 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 898AM UT WOS:000227048000086 ER PT J AU Rantschler, JO Alexander, C Jung, HS AF Rantschler, JO Alexander, C Jung, HS TI Ferromagnetic resonance in soft Cu/FeCo SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 08-11, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE dissipation; FeCo; spin-wave resonance; ferromagnetic resonance; Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation ID THIN-FILMS AB We present the results of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements of soft Fe65CO35 thin films grown on a seed layer of Cu. FMR is investigated at different magnetic field orientations and over a broad range of frequencies from 3 to 94 GHz. The observation of spin wave resonances in the perpendicular orientation allows us to estimate the exchange stiffness. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, MSEL, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Rantschler, JO (reprint author), NIST, MSEL, Magnet Mat Grp, 100 Bur Rd,Mail Stop 8552, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.rantschler@nist.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 286 SI SI BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.073 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 892GP UT WOS:000226638400058 ER PT J AU Wallis, TM Moreland, J Riddle, B Kabos, P AF Wallis, TM Moreland, J Riddle, B Kabos, P TI Microwave power imaging with ferromagnetic calorimeter probes on bimaterial cantilevers SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 08-11, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE Fe alloys; ferromagnetic resonance (FMR); magnetic resonance force microscopy; microwaves ID RESONANCE; MICROSCOPY AB We report a near-field microscope technique that uses a ferromagnetic film deposited onto a bimaterial cantilever for imaging of microwave power distributions. The bimaterial cantilever absorbs microwave power via the induction of eddy currents and, additionally, in the presence of a biasing magnetic field, via ferromagnetic resonance. The resultant heating of the cantilever leads to deflection that is detected by a laser beam-bounce method. Comparison of images of a microstrip resonator acquired with and without a biasing field indicates that eddy currents induced by the tangential component of the magnetic field play a significant role in cantilever heating. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Eletromagnet Div 818, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), NIST, Eletromagnet Div 818, MS 818-01,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mwallis@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 286 SI SI BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.087 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 892GP UT WOS:000226638400070 ER PT J AU Min, DH McCallum, A Russek, SE Moreland, J AF Min, DH McCallum, A Russek, SE Moreland, J TI Micromechanical torque magnetorneter with sub-monolayer sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 08-11, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE cantilever; fiber optic interferometer; torque magnetometry; ultra-high-vacuum ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE AB We have developed a micromechanical torque sensor with sub-monolayer sensitivity for in situ monitoring of the magnetic moment of thin films during deposition. The film is deposited onto a microcantilever. The torque on the film is determined by measuring the deflection of the cantilever due to a small AC magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the film. The microcantilevers have a high mechanical quality factor, large surface area, low spring constant, and high resonance frequency to improve film sensitivity to thickness. A phase-locked loop minimizes the resonance frequency shift of the cantilever due to mass loading and temperature drift that would otherwise affect the measurement of magnetic torque. The demonstrated thickness sensitivity for a Ni(0.8)Fc(0.2) film and a Ni0.8Fe0.2/CU multilayer film is less than 0.1 nm. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Min, DH (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dhmin@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 286 SI SI BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.127 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 892GP UT WOS:000226638400072 ER PT J AU Nibarger, JP Ewasko, RL Schneider, ML Silva, TJ AF Nibarger, JP Ewasko, RL Schneider, ML Silva, TJ TI Dynamic and static magnetic anisotropy in thin-film cobalt zirconium tantalum SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 08-11, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE anisotropy; CZT; magneto-dynamics; PIMM; rotatable anisotropy ID MAGNETOSTRICTION AB The magnetic anisotropy values of thin amorphous cobalt zirconium tantalum (CZT) films were determined from static and dynamic measurements. Dynamic techniques show a rotatable component of anisotropy that decreases with increasing longitudinal bias field from 200 to 0+/-48 A/m (2.5 to 0+/-0.6 Oe). The dynamic value of the anisotropy is important when using CZT in high-frequency magnetic applications. Static values were obtained with an induction-field magnetometer while dynamic values were obtained using a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Storage Technol Corp, Louisville, CO 80028 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nibarger, JP (reprint author), Storage Technol Corp, 1 StorageTek Dr, Louisville, CO 80028 USA. EM john_nibarger@storagetek.com RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 286 SI SI BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.077 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 892GP UT WOS:000226638400077 ER PT J AU Kaka, S Pufall, MR Rippard, WH Silva, TJ Russek, SE Katine, JA Carey, M AF Kaka, S Pufall, MR Rippard, WH Silva, TJ Russek, SE Katine, JA Carey, M TI Spin transfer switching of spin valve nanopillars using nanosecond pulsed currents SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 08-11, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE current-induced magnetization reversal; magnetic devices; magnetization reversal; MRAM; nanopillars; spin valves; spin momentum transfer; spin torque ID EXCITATIONS AB Spin valve nanopillars are reversed via the mechanism of spin momentum transfer using current pulses applied perpendicular to the film plane of the device. The applied pulses were varied in amplitude from 1.8 to 7.8 mA, and varied in duration within the range of 100 ps-200 ns. The probability of device reversal is measured as a function of the pulse duration for each pulse amplitude. The reciprocal pulse duration required for 95% reversal probability is linearly related to the pulse current amplitude for currents exceeding 1.9 mA. For this device, 1.9 mA marks the crossover between dynamic reversal at larger currents and reversal by thermal activation for smaller currents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Hitachi San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Kaka, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kaka@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 286 SI SI BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.095 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 892GP UT WOS:000226638400081 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Motiyenko, RA Hougen, JT AF Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Motiyenko, RA Hougen, JT TI The rotational spectrum of the ground state of methylamine SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM; AB-INITIO DETERMINATION; 1ST TORSIONAL STATE; INTERNAL-ROTATION; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; WATER DIMER; AMINE; ASSIGNMENT; MOLECULE; VIBRATION AB Recent progress is reported in measuring, assigning, and fitting the rotational spectrum of the ground vibrational state of methylamine, CH3NH2, a spectrum complicated both by internal rotation of the methyl top and by inversion of the amino group. New measurements of 513 rotational transitions with J up to 30 and K up to 9 were carried out between 49 and 326 GHz using the millimeter-wave spectrometer in Kharkov. After removing the observed quadrupole hyperfine splittings, these new data along with previously published measurements were fitted to a group-theoretical high-barrier tunneling Hamiltonian from the literature, using 53 parameters to give an overall weighted standard deviation of 0.80 for 850 far-infrared and 673 microwave transitions in the ground state. The root-mean-square deviation of 0.018 MHz obtained for 346 millimeter-wave transitions measured with 0.020 MHz uncertainty represents an approximately 30-fold improvement in fitting accuracy over past attempts. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Krasnoznamennaya 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ilyushin@rian.ira.kharkov.ua NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 229 IS 2 BP 170 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.08.022 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 887FV UT WOS:000226291900003 ER PT J AU Thessen, AE Dortch, Q Parsons, ML Morrison, W AF Thessen, AE Dortch, Q Parsons, ML Morrison, W TI Effect of salinity on Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) growth and distribution SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASP; DAP; diatom; domoic acid; estuary; growth rate; HAB; harmful algae; northern Gulf of Mexico; Pseudo-nitzschia; salinity ID DOMOIC ACID; COMPLEX BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; PSEUDODELICATISSIMA; WATERS AB Salinity varies widely in coastal areas that often have a high abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo. Pseudo-nitzschia is abundant in Louisiana waters, and high cellular domoic acid has been observed in natural samples but no human illness has been reported. To assess the threat of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), we examined the effect of salinity on Pseudo-nitzschia occurrence in the field and growth in the laboratory with special emphasis on the salinity range where oysters are harvested (10-20 psu). In Louisiana coastal waters, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occurred over a salinity range of 1 to >35 psu, but they occurred more frequently at higher rather than lower salinities. Seven species were identified, including toxigenic species occurring at low salinities. In culture studies, seven clones of three species grew over a salinity range of 15 to 40 psu, some grew at salinities down to 6.25 psu, and most grew at salinities up to 45 psu. Tolerance of low salinities decreased from Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden to P. multiseries (Hasle) Hasle to P. pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Hasle emend. Lundholm, Hasle et Moestrup. In conclusion, although Pseudo-nitzschia was more prevalent in the field and grew better in the laboratory at higher salinities, it grew and has been observed at low salinities. Therefore, the probability of ASP from consumption of oysters harvested from the low salinity estuaries of the northern Gulf of Mexico is low but not zero; animal mortality events from toxin vectors other than oysters at higher salinity on the shelf are more likely. C1 Nicholls State Univ, Dept Biol, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Dortch, Q (reprint author), NOAA COP, N-SC12 Rm 8342,1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Quay.Dortch@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04077.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 894KT UT WOS:000226791300004 ER PT J AU Dewar, WK Samelson, RM Vallis, GK AF Dewar, WK Samelson, RM Vallis, GK TI The ventilated pool: A model of subtropical mode water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; THERMOCLINE; DIFFUSION AB An analytical model of subtropical mode water is presented, based on ventilated thermocline theory and on numerical solutions of a planetary geostrophic basin model. In ventilated thermocline theory, the western pool is a region bounded on the east by subsurface streamlines that outcrop at the western edge of the interior, and in which additional dynamical assumptions are necessary to complete the solution. Solutions for the western pool were originally obtained under the assumption that the potential vorticity of the subsurface layer was homogenized. In the present theory, it is instead assumed that all of the water in the pool region is ventilated and, therefore, that all the Sverdrup transport is carried in the uppermost, outcropping layer. The result is the formation of a deep, vertically homogeneous, fluid layer in the northwest corner of the subtropical gyre that extends from the surface to the base of the ventilated thermocline. This ventilated pool is an analog of the observed subtropical mode waters. The pool also has the interesting properties that it determines its own boundaries and affects the global potential vorticity-pressure relationship. When there are multiple outcropping layers, ventilated pool fluid is subducted to form a set of nested annuli in ventilated, subsurface layers, which are the deepest subducted layers in the ventilated thermocline. C1 Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Samelson, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, COAS, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rsamelson@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 DI 10.1175/JPO-2681.1 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 908NS UT WOS:000227794300001 ER PT J AU Lyman, JM Chelton, DB deSzoeke, RA Samelson, RM AF Lyman, JM Chelton, DB deSzoeke, RA Samelson, RM TI Tropical instability waves as a resonance between equatorial Rossby waves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TAHITI SHUTTLE EXPERIMENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG WAVES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE; OSCILLATIONS; ENERGETICS; COUNTERCURRENT; VARIABILITY AB To understand the characteristics of sea surface height signatures of tropical instability waves (TIWs), a linearized model of the central Pacific Ocean was developed in which the vertical structures of the state variables are projected onto a set of orthogonal baroclinic eigenvectors. In lieu of in situ current measurements with adequate spatial and temporal resolution, the mean current structure used in the model was obtained from the Parallel Ocean Climate Model (POCM). The TIWs in the linear model have cross-equatorial structure and wave number-frequency content similar to the TIWs in POCM, even when the vertical structures of the state variables are projected onto only the first two orthogonal baroclinic eigenvectors. Because this model is able to reproduce TIWs with relatively simple vertical structure, it is possible to examine the mechanism for the formation of TIWs. TIWs are shown to form from a resonance between two equatorial Rossby waves as the strength of the background currents is slowly increased. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, R PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lyman, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, R PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john.lyman@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 232 EP 254 DI 10.1175/JPO-2668.1 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 908NS UT WOS:000227794300008 ER PT J AU Anderson, DL Mackey, EA AF Anderson, DL Mackey, EA TI Improvements in food analysis by thermal neutron capture prompt gamma-ray spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; SCATTERING AB The thermal neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA) facility, operated by the US Food and Drug Administration and National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, has been redesigned to lower background radiation levels and improved analytical capabilities. Analysis of 22 element standards and food and botanical certified reference materials revealed significant sensitivity increases and lower limits of detection for H, B, C, N, Na, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Cd. Mass fractions for these elements, as well as Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, I, Zn, Sm, and Gd, were determined for 6 dietary supplements. C1 USDA, Elemental Res Branch HFS338, College Pk, MD USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson, DL (reprint author), USDA, Elemental Res Branch HFS338, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD USA. EM david.anderson@cfsan.fda.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 263 IS 3 BP 683 EP 689 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0643-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 910VU UT WOS:000227961100020 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, RM TI An improved radiochemical neutron activation analysis procedure for trace mercury SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; COAL; SELENIUM; CHARCOAL AB Radiochemical neutron activation analysis has proven to be proven to be a powerful tool for measuring trace mercury in a variety of materials. In a modification of an established NIST method, selenium interfering with the Hg-203 indicator is removed by precipitating mercury as periodate, and the chemical yield is measured gravimetrically. The current method is better suited to multiple samples, less subject to explosion during the combustion step, provides a measurement of the yield for each sample, and involves less radiation exposure to personnel. The procedure has been applied to the certification of mercury in SRMs 1575a Pine Needles, 1632c Bituminous Coal, and 2702 Marine Sediment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Richard.Lindstrom@NIST.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 263 IS 3 BP 787 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0659-z PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 910VU UT WOS:000227961100036 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Robinson, L Paul, RL Greenberg, RR Miao, SL AF Zhao, L Robinson, L Paul, RL Greenberg, RR Miao, SL TI Determination of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in cattail using cold neutron prompt-gamma activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; HYDROGEN; EVERGLADES AB A method for the determination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in cattail using cold neutron prompt-gamma activation analysis (CNPGAA) has been developed and evaluated through the analysis of standard reference materials (SRM). After extensive preparation, approximately 400 mg cattail samples from the lower Apalachicola River floodplain were irradiated in the CNPGAA facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The results of numerous field samples and two standard reference materials using the nuclear method show favorable comparison to results obtained by a CHNS/O analyzer. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Zhao, L (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM li1.zhao@famu.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 263 IS 3 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0662-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 910VU UT WOS:000227961100039 ER PT J AU Kucera, J Zeisler, R AF Kucera, J Zeisler, R TI Low-level determination of silicon in biological materials using radiochemical neutron activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GEL BREAST IMPLANTS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RENAL-FAILURE; ALUMINUM; SAMPLES; SERUM; SPECTROMETRY; TISSUE; TRACES AB A new radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) method has been developed for low-level determination of Si in biological materials, which is based on the Si-30(n,gamma)Si-31 nuclear reaction with thermal neutrons. The radiochemical separation consists of an alkaline-oxidative decomposition followed by distillation of SiF4. Nuclear interferences, namely that of the P-31(n,p)Si-31 with fast neutrons, have been examined and found negligible only when irradiation is carried out in an extremely well-thermalized neutron spectrum, such as available at the NIST reactor. The RNAA procedure yields excellent radiochemical purity of the separated fractions, which allows the measurement of the beta(-)-activity of the Si-31 by liquid scintillation counting. Results for several reference materials, namely Bowen's Kale, Bovine Liver (NIST SRM 1577b), Non-Fat Milk Powder (NIST SRM 1549) and several intercomparison samples, Pork Liver-1, Pork Liver-2 and Cellulose Avicel, are presented and compared with literature values. C1 Nucl Res Inst, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kucera, J (reprint author), Nucl Res Inst, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. EM kucera@ujf.cas.cz RI Kucera, Jan/G-8507-2014 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 263 IS 3 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0663-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 910VU UT WOS:000227961100040 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Liu, LB Aldridge, DF Symons, NP Marlin, D AF Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Liu, LB Aldridge, DF Symons, NP Marlin, D TI Equations for finite-difference, time-domain simulation of sound propagation in moving inhomogeneous media and numerical implementation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FLOW; MODEL AB Finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) calculations are typically performed with partial differential equations that are first order in time. Equation sets appropriate for FDTD calculations in a moving inhomogeneous medium (with an emphasis on the atmosphere) are derived and discussed in this paper. Two candidate equation sets, both derived from linearized equations of fluid dynamics, are proposed. The first, which contains three coupled equations for the sound pressure, vector acoustic velocity, and acoustic density, is obtained without any approximations. The second, which contains two coupled equations for the sound pressure and vector acoustic velocity, is derived by ignoring terms proportional to the divergence of the medium velocity and the gradient of the ambient pressure. It is shown that the second set has the same or a wider range of applicability than equations for the sound pressure that have been previously used for analytical and numerical studies of sound propagation in a moving atmosphere. Practical FDTD implementation of the second set of equations is discussed. Results show good agreement with theoretical predictions of the sound pressure due to a point monochromatic source in a uniform, high Mach number flow and with Fast Field Program calculations of sound propagation in a stratified moving atmosphere. (C) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, NM 88002 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 36 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 117 IS 2 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1121/1.1841531 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 897EN UT WOS:000226986900005 PM 15759672 ER PT J AU Kalin, M Jahanmir, S AF Kalin, M Jahanmir, S TI Wear mechanisms of glass-infiltrated alumina sliding against alumina in water SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENTAL CERAMICS; FELDSPATHIC PORCELAIN; ALPHA-ALUMINA; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; ENAMEL; HYDROXYAPATITE; TRANSITION; ROUGHNESS; DENTISTRY AB Glass-infiltrated alumina is now commonly used as a core material in dental restorations. If the veneer layer, which covers the core, is broken or damaged through use, a direct contact between the core and the opposing restorative material or human enamel can occur. The wear behavior in simulated contacts with human enamel has already been studied. In the present work, we have investigated the wear mechanisms of glass-infiltrated alumina in contact with a high-purity alumina as an opposing ceramic restoration. Wear tests were performed in a pin-on-disk tribometer under conditions that roughly resemble those in the oral environment. The wear rates of the alumina balls and the glass-infiltrated disks sliding in water increased linearly with load. No wear transition (i.e., a sudden increase in wear) was observed as either the load or the sliding distance was increased. Examination of the wear debris in the SEM suggested the presence of wear particles that are often attributed to the formation of hydrated aluminum oxide through tribochemical reactions between water and alumina. While tribochemical wear was the dominating wear mechanism for the alumina balls, microfracture and delamination governed the wear behavior of the glass-infiltrated alumina disks. Examination of the surface layers formed on the disk wear tracks confirmed the presence of amorphous hydrated alumina on the wear track. It is suggested that these reaction products smear on the wear track filling the pores produced by microfracture and delamination. The high wear resistance of glass-infiltrated alumina is attributed to the presence of hydrated alumina in the third body layer that accommodates the interfacial shear stresses and the high strength due to strong bonding between the glass phase and alumina grains. Based on the observed wear resistance of glass-infiltrated alumina in the present study, this material should be evaluated for applications in addition to dental restorations. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Ctr Tribol & Tech Diagnost, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Kalin, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Ctr Tribol & Tech Diagnost, Bogisiceva 8, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM mitjan.kajin@ctd.uni-lj.si RI kalin, mitjan/M-2504-2014 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 88 IS 2 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00051.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 904PM UT WOS:000227510200016 ER PT J AU Eng, K Tasker, GD Milly, PCD AF Eng, K Tasker, GD Milly, PCD TI An analysis of region-of-influence methods for flood regionalization in the gulf-atlantic rolling plains SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE floods; regional regression; region of influence; statistical analysis; surface water hydrology; streamflow characteristics ID REGRESSION AB Region-of-influence (RoI) approaches for estimating streamflow characteristics at ungaged sites were applied and evaluated in a case study of the 50-year peak discharge in the Gulf-Atlantic Rolling Plains of the southeastern United States. Linear regression against basin characteristics was performed for each ungaged site considered based on data from a region of influence containing the n closest gages in predictor variable (PRoI) or geographic (GRoI) space. Augmentation of this count based cutoff by a distance based cutoff also was considered. Prediction errors were evaluated for an independent (split-sampled) dataset. For the dataset and metrics considered here: (1) for either PRoI or GRoI, optimal results were found when the simpler count based cutoff, rather than the distance augmented cutoff, was used; (2) GRoI produced lower error than PRoI when applied indiscriminately over the entire study region; (3) PRoI performance improved considerably when RoI was restricted to predefined geographic subregions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 122-1 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA USA. EM Keng@usgs.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03723.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 916ZL UT WOS:000228425400012 ER PT J AU de Szoeke, SP Bretherton, CS Bond, NA Cronin, MF Morley, BM AF de Szoeke, SP Bretherton, CS Bond, NA Cronin, MF Morley, BM TI EPIC 95 degrees W observations of the eastern Pacific atmospheric boundary layer from the cold tongue to the ITCZ SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; LONG; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; FLUXES; WAVES; WIND AB The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) along 95degreesW in the eastern equatorial Pacific during boreal autumn is described using data from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001, with an emphasis on the evolution of the thermodynamic ABL properties from the cold tongue to the cold-advection re.-ion north of the sea sui face temperature (SST) front. Surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and wind stresses between 1degreesS and 12degreesN are calculated front data from eight NCAR C-130 research aircraft flights and from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys. Reduced surface wind speed and a 10 in s jet at a height of 500 in are found over the equatorial cold tongue. demonstrating the dependence of the surface wind speed on surface stability. The ABL exhibits a maximum in Cloud cover on the north (downwind) side of the warm SST front, at 1degrees-3degreesN. Turbulent mixing driven by both surface buoyancy flux and radiative cooling at the cloud tops plays a significant role in maintaining the depth and structure of the ABL. The ABL treat budget between the equator and 3degreesN is balanced by comparable contributions from advective cooling, radiative cooling. surface warming, and entrainment, warming. Entrainment drying is a weak contributor to the moisture budget. relative to dry advection and surface evaporation. Both the heat and moisture budgets are consistent with a rapid entrainment rate, 12 +/- 2 mm s (1), deduced from the observed rise of the inversion with latitude between 0degrees and 4degreesN. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP de Szoeke, SP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, POST 413,2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM deszoeke@hawaii.edu NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 426 EP 442 DI 10.1175/JAS-3381.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897NP UT WOS:000227012200009 ER PT J AU Witzell, WN Geis, AA Schmid, JR Wibbels, T AF Witzell, WN Geis, AA Schmid, JR Wibbels, T TI Sex ratio of immature Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempi) from Gullivan Bay, Ten Thousand Islands, south-west Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL-CHANGES; CARETTA-CARETTA; REPTILES; WATERS; WILD AB The sex ratio of 100 immature Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempi) captured in Gullivan Bay, Ten Thousand Islands, south-west Florida was determined through radioimmunoassay analysis (RIA) of plasma testosterone levels. We determined the sex ratio to be 1.9F:1.0M, corroborating the female dominance reported from other studies. The mean sizes of female (N=57) and male turtles (N=30) were 40.9 cm (+/- 6.9 SD) and 41.9 cm (+/- 6.2 SD), respectively. There were an additional 13 turtles (41.3 cm +/- 6.5 SD) for which sex could not be determined by this technique. Female-biased sex ratios are not uncommon in reptiles with temperature dependent sex determination. If fecundity is not male-limited, the occurrence of a female-biased sex ratio could enhance the recovery of the endangered Kemp's ridley turtle. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Witzell, WN (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM wayne.witzell@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1017/S0025315405011070h PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 911OS UT WOS:000228014500030 ER PT J AU Roos, PA Li, XQ Pipis, JA Fortier, TM Cundiff, ST Bhat, RDR Sipe, JE AF Roos, PA Li, XQ Pipis, JA Fortier, TM Cundiff, ST Bhat, RDR Sipe, JE TI Characterization of carrier-envelope phase-sensitive photocurrent injection in a semiconductor SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE CONTROL; OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; LIGHT-PULSES; 5-FS PULSES; GENERATION; GAAS; CURRENTS; PHOTOIONIZATION; STABILIZATION AB We characterize the manner in which the carrier-envelope phase of ultrashort pulses can control quantum interference of injected photocurrents in low-temperature-grown gallium arsenide. We verify the predicted linear and square-root dependences of the generated current on the average optical powers of the low (v) and high (2v) frequency wings of a pulse spectrum, respectively. When scanning the time delay between these two colors, the signal amplitude exhibits a temporal width of 72 fs. The generated signal behaves as an ideal current source for loads below similar to100 kOmega. This behavior allows us to increase the signal detection bandwidth from 25 kHz with a voltage amplifier to 830 kHz by use of a transimpedance amplifier; higher bandwidths are possible. We discuss how transimpedance amplification could also enable the quantum-interference photocurrent signal to be measured by use of materials with longer carrier lifetimes, such as intrinsic GaAs. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.000362 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 896XM UT WOS:000226967800009 ER PT J AU Hacker, CA Anderson, KA Richter, LJ Richter, CA AF Hacker, CA Anderson, KA Richter, LJ Richter, CA TI Comparison of Si-O-C interfacial bonding of alcohols and aldehydes on Si(111) formed from dilute solution with ultraviolet irradiation SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HYDROGEN-TERMINATED SILICON; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; FORMATION MECHANISMS; THERMAL-REACTIONS; POROUS SILICON; VISIBLE-LIGHT; SURFACES AB Aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes were reacted with the Si(111)-H surface to form Si-O-C interfacial bonds from dilute solution by using ultraviolet light. The resulting monolayers were characterized by using transmission infrared spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. The effect of different solvents on monolayer quality is presented. The best monolayers were formed from CH2Cl2. The optimized monolayers were thoroughly characterized to determine the film structure and monolayer stability. The UV-promoted, alcohol-functionalized, and aldehyde-functionalized monolayers are of comparable quality to those previously prepared by other means. Although both molecules are tethered through a Si-O-C bond, the film reactivity is distinctly different with the aldehyde films being more chemically resistant. The differences in chemical reactivity, vibrational spectra, hydrophobicity, and ellipsometric thickness between the alcohol and aldehyde monolayers are attributed to a difference in molecular coverage and monolayer formation. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Electron & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Electron & Elect Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 58 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 882 EP 889 DI 10.1021/la048841x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 891XL UT WOS:000226614200014 PM 15667163 ER PT J AU Moore, M Lefkovitz, L Hall, M Hillman, R Mitchell, D Burnett, J AF Moore, M Lefkovitz, L Hall, M Hillman, R Mitchell, D Burnett, J TI Reduction in organic contaminant exposure and resultant hepatic hydropic vacuolation in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) following improved effluent quality and relocation of the Boston sewage outfall into Massachusetts Bay, USA: 1987-2003 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE winter flounder; carcinogenesis; sewage; Boston Harbor; organic; inorganic; hydropic vacuolation ID PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; HARBOR AB Effluent upgrades for metropolitan Boston have included toxicant reduction, primary and secondary treatment and outfall extension. Between 1992 and 2003 winter flounder at five stations were surveyed annually for liver and muscle burden and chronic hepatic sub-lethal impacts of polynuclear and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Trends in flounder availability and fin condition were also examined. In 1988 12% of the adult winter flounder in Boston Harbor exhibited hepatic neoplasms and up to 80% had hepatic hydropic vacuolation (HV). Tumor prevalence fell to 0-2% and HV to < 50% by 1996. Since then tumors have been absent, while a steady prevalence of HV has persisted, consistent with lower hydrocarbon loading and tissue levels. Contaminants and HV also fell with distance from the Boston outfall. After the outfall extension was activated in 2000, there has been Do significant change in flounder liver health at the new outfall site. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Battelle Duxbury Operat, Duxbury, MA 02332 USA. Massachusetts Water Resources Author, Boston, MA 02129 USA. ENSR Int, Westford, MA 01886 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mmoore@whoi.edu RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.004 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 908BK UT WOS:000227762000016 PM 15737357 ER PT J AU Berg, RF AF Berg, RF TI Simple flow meter and viscometer of high accuracy for gases SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID LINEARIZED BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; RAREFIED-GAS; LAMINAR-FLOW; CURVED PIPE; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; JUMP COEFFICIENTS; POISEUILLE FLOW; VISCOUS-FLOW; VISCOSITY AB A model and supporting measurements are presented for the laminar flow of gases through a long capillary with a circular cross section. Using the model with a coil of quartz capillary of known dimensions yields the flow rates of a gas of known viscosity with an uncertainty of 0.04%. Alternatively, combining the model and capillary with an independent measurement of flow rate yields the gas viscosity with similar uncertainty. The model corrects the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for (1) departures from ideal gas behaviour, (2) slip at the capillary walls, (3) kinetic energy changes at the capillary entrance, (4) gas expansion along the length of the capillary, (5) viscous heating and (6) centrifugal effects that occur when a long capillary is coiled to fit. into a small volume. The corrections are expressed in terms of familiar dimensionless parameters. Measurements near room temperature using helium, nitrogen, argon, propane and sulfur hexafluoride demonstrated that the model describes the flow rates of gases with widely varying properties at Reynolds numbers as large as 1000. Combining the flow rates with independent measurements of the capillary length and radius yielded new absolute viscosity values for the five gases at 25 degrees C with an uncertainty of 0.04%. This small uncertainty was verified independently by comparing the result for the viscosity of helium to recent calculations using quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. The present results allow one to construct a flow meter or viscometer of similar accuracy with no measurement of the capillary radius and only a nominal measurement of the capillary length. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 7 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/1/002 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 915HL UT WOS:000228288800006 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Datla, RU Parr, AC AF Kacker, RN Datla, RU Parr, AC TI Response to comments on 'Statistical analysis of CIPM key comparisons based on the ISO Guide' SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB The authors respond to the comments on their paper made in the preceding article. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP L13 EP L14 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/1/L04 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 915HL UT WOS:000228288800004 ER PT J AU Skwira, GD Schroeder, JL Peterson, RE AF Skwira, GD Schroeder, JL Peterson, RE TI Surface observations of landfalling hurricane rainbands SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE; DYNAMICS; SEASON AB This study examines the rainband-scale fluctuations of various meteorological parameters for Hurricanes Bonnie (1998) and Dennis (1999). Hurricane rainbands, identified by Next Generation Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (NEXRAD WSR-88D) data, are examined shortly after making landfall on the North Carolina coastline. Additionally, Wind Engineering Mobile Instrumented Tower Experiment (WEMITE) data are exploited to provide a unique look into the surface structure of the captured rainbands. The observed meteorological data suggest equivalent potential temperature minima and decreasing hurricane-relative inflow to be commonly associated with intensifying or mature landfalling hurricane rainbands. Available vertical thermodynamic profiles suggest the source of the lower equivalent potential temperature air to range anywhere from 750 to 869 m above the surface, assuming no entrainment. Additionally, no discernable trend in wind speed is found to accompany the rainband's passage. C1 Natl Weather Serv, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wind Sci & Engn Res Program, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Skwira, GD (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 2579 S Loop Suite 100, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. EM gary.skwira@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 133 IS 2 BP 454 EP 465 DI 10.1175/MWR-2866.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899LN UT WOS:000227146000008 ER PT J AU Kleist, DT Morgan, MC AF Kleist, DT Morgan, MC TI Interpretation of the structure and evolution of adjoint-derived forecast sensitivity gradients SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ALPINE LEE CYCLOGENESIS; FINDING TRIGGERS; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; JANUARY 2000; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; SNOWSTORM; ERRORS AB A 36-h adjoint-based forecast sensitivity study of three response functions defined in the lower troposphere - average temperature in an isolated region of the upper Midwest (R-1), meridional temperature difference (R-2), and average zonal component of the wind (R-3) - is conducted with the goal of providing a synoptic and dynamic interpretation of the sensitivity gradient structure and evolution. In addition to calculating and interpreting the sensitivity gradients with respect to basic model variables along the model forecast trajectory, a technique is outlined that allows for the calculation of the sensitivity gradients with respect to variables derivable from the model state vector (including geopotential, relative vorticity, and divergence), and a method for visualizing the sensitivities with respect to the horizontal components of the wind is proposed and demonstrated. The sensitivity of R-1 to all model and derived variables revealed that R-1 was controlled by nearly adiabatic processes associated with the addition or generation of temperature perturbations upstream of the region in which R-1 was defined. For R-2, the sensitivity gradients revealed the well-known influence of confluent horizontal flow and vertical tilting of isentropes to increase the north-south temperature gradient over the region within which R-2 was defined. The sensitivity of R-3 to the components of the horizontal wind reveals that simply adding or generating an upstream zonal wind perturbation is insufficient to change the zonal wind at 36 h as these wind perturbations upstream of the domain within which R-3 is defined are torqued by the Coriolis force as they are advected toward the domain. These results suggest adjoint-derived sensitivities of quasi-conserved response functions may be more easily interpretable than sensitivities calculated for nonconserved response functions. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP Morgan, MC (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM morgan@aurora.aos.wisc.edu RI Kleist, Daryl /C-7771-2016 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 133 IS 2 BP 466 EP 484 DI 10.1175/MWR-2865.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899LN UT WOS:000227146000009 ER PT J AU Farkas, N Comer, JR Zhang, G Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Dagata, JA AF Farkas, N Comer, JR Zhang, G Evans, EA Ramsier, RD Dagata, JA TI High-voltage SPM oxidation of ZrN: materials for multiscale applications SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION; NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; LOCAL OXIDATION; SPACE-CHARGE; SILICON; KINETICS; ZIRCONIUM; CAPACITANCE; DENSITY AB Scanning probe microscope (SPM) oxidation was used to form zirconium oxide features on 200 nm thick ZrN films. The features exhibit rapid yet controlled growth kinetics, even in contact mode with 70 V dc applied between the probe tip and substrate. The features grown for times longer than 10 s are higher than 200 nm, and reach more than 1000 nm in height after 300 s. Long-time oxidation experiments and selective etching of the oxides and nitrides lead us to propose that as the oxidation reaches the silicon substrate, delamination occurs with the simultaneous formation of a thin layer of new material at the ZrN/Si interface. High-voltage oxide growth on ZrN is fast and sustainable, and the robust oxide features are promising candidates for multiscale (nanometre-to-micrometre) applications. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ramsier, RD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM rex@uakron.edu RI Comer, Jeffrey/H-4453-2011 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/2/014 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 903EL UT WOS:000227408200015 PM 21727433 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, T Jensen, MJ Bollinger, JJ AF Hasegawa, T Jensen, MJ Bollinger, JJ TI Stability of a Penning trap with a quadrupole rotating electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION PLASMAS; TRANSPORT; CLOUD AB We present theoretical and experimental studies of the center-of-mass (c.m.) stability of ions in a Penning trap with a quadrupole rotating electric field. The rotation frequency of an ion cloud in a Penning trap determines the cloud density and shape, and it can be precisely controlled by a rotating electric field. The quadrupole rotating-field scheme can control pure single-species plasmas in contrast to the dipole field, which is effective only for plasmas composed of two or more species of ions. However, the quadrupole field can modify the trap stability because of the spatial dependence of the electric field. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally determine the c.m. stability condition for ions in a Penning trap with a rotating quadrupole field. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical prediction. In the limit of zero magnetic field we obtain a type of rf trap which uses a rotating quadrupole field and in which the c.m. motion is analytically solvable. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Hyogo, Dept Mat Sci, Himeji, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Colorado, CIPS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hasegawa, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.bollinger@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 023406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.023406 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 904GK UT WOS:000227483900081 ER PT J AU Oates, CW Wilpers, G Hollberg, L AF Oates, CW Wilpers, G Hollberg, L TI Observation of large atomic-recoil-induced asymmetries in cold atom spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL RAMSEY FRINGES; PHOTON-RECOIL; RESOLUTION; INTERFEROMETRY; COMPONENT; FIELD; BEAM; LINE AB The atomic-recoil effect leads to large (25%) asymmetries in a nearly ideal form of saturation spectroscopy based on Ca atoms that have been laser-cooled to 10 muK. Starting with spectra from the more familiar Doppler-broadened domain, we show how the fundamental asymmetry between absorption and stimulated emission of light manifests itself when shorter spectroscopic pulses lead to the Fourier transform regime. These effects occur on frequency scales much larger than the size of the recoil shift itself, and have not been described before in saturation spectroscopy. These results directly impact precision spectroscopic measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oates, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 023404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.023404 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 904GK UT WOS:000227483900079 ER PT J AU Shresta, S Anastopoulos, C Dragulescu, A Hu, BL AF Shresta, S Anastopoulos, C Dragulescu, A Hu, BL TI Non-Markovian qubit dynamics in a thermal field bath: Relaxation, decoherence, and entanglement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM TRAJECTORIES; SYSTEMS; STATES; COMPUTATION AB We study the non-Markovian dynamics of a qubit made up of a two-level atom interacting with an electromagnetic field (EMF) initially at finite temperature. Unlike most earlier studies where the bath is assumed to be fixed, we study the complete evolution of the combined qubit-EMF system, thus allowing for the coherent backaction from the bath on the qubit and the qubit on the bath in a self-consistent manner. In this way we can see the development of quantum correlations and entanglement between the system and its environment, and how that affects the decoherence and relaxation of the system. We find nonexponential decay for both the diagonal and nondiagonal matrix elements of the qubit's reduced density matrix in the pointer basis. The former shows the qubit relaxing to thermal equilibrium with the bath, while the latter shows the decoherence rate beginning at the usually predicted thermal rate, but changing to the zero-temperature value as the qubit and bath become entangled. The decoherence and relaxation rates are comparable, as in the zero-temperature case. On the entanglement of a qubit with the EMF we calculated the fidelity and the von Neumann entropy, which is a measure of the purity of the density matrix. The present more accurate non-Markovian calculations predict lower loss of fidelity and purity as compared with the Markovian results. Generally speaking, with the inclusion of quantum correlations between the qubit and its environment, the non-Markovian processes tend to slow down the drive of the system to equilibrium, prolonging the decoherence and better preserving the fidelity and purity of the system. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Shresta, S (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sanjiv.shresta@nist.gov; anastop@physics.upatras.gr; adrian.dragulesce@constellation.com; hub@physics.umd.edu RI Anastopoulos, Charis/C-1219-2013 OI Anastopoulos, Charis/0000-0001-7307-5175 NR 39 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 AR 022109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.022109 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 904GK UT WOS:000227483900023 ER PT J AU Chung, JH Proffen, T Shamoto, S Ghorayeb, AM Croguennec, L Tian, W Sales, BC Jin, R Mandrus, D Egami, T AF Chung, JH Proffen, T Shamoto, S Ghorayeb, AM Croguennec, L Tian, W Sales, BC Jin, R Mandrus, D Egami, T TI Local structure of LiNiO2 studied by neutron diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULAR LATTICE LINIO2; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ORBITAL FRUSTRATION; SCATTERING; RESONANCE; BEHAVIOR AB The nature of the magnetic state of LiNiO2 has been controversial. In this compound Ni spins (S=1/2) form a triangular lattice with the possibility of magnetic frustration, but the exact state of spin correlation has not yet been known in spite of the extensive research work. A factor that complicates understanding of the magnetic state is the orbital state of Ni3+ which is a Jahn-Teller (JT) ion. While there is no signature of long-range Jahn-Teller distortion, local JT distortion has been suspected. We have performed neutron diffraction and atomic pair-density function analyses up to unprecedented large distances to discover a number of unusual features, such as anomalous peak broadening, local JT distortion, sharp oxygen-oxygen distance correlations, and inverted temperature dependence of medium range correlation. These observations are best explained by local orbital ordering of Ni3+ ions into three sublattices. This orbital ordering, however, cannot develop into long-range order because of the strain field it generates, and domains of about 10 nm in size are formed. Domains are susceptible to random pinning by impurities (site disorder) resulting in the loss of structural long-range order. We suggest that this local orbital ordering is the basis for the complex magnetic properties observed in this compound. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. JAERI, Neutron Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Aix Marseille 3, CNRS, UMR 6137, Lab Mat & Microelect Provence, F-13397 Marseille, France. CNRS, Inst Chim Mat Condensee Bordeaux, F-33608 Pessac, France. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chung, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ghorayeb, Andre/B-3313-2010; Laurence, CROGUENNEC/E-4558-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Croguennec, Laurence/R-9512-2016 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Croguennec, Laurence/0000-0002-3018-0992 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.064410 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911OI UT WOS:000228013500044 ER PT J AU Oh, S Di Luccio, T Eckstein, JN AF Oh, S Di Luccio, T Eckstein, JN TI T linearity of in-plane resistivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; NORMAL-STATE; CROSSOVER AB We performed a temperature and doping-dependent study of in-plane dc resistivity (IDCR) on molecular beam epitaxy grown Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta thin films. By analyzing the temperature dependence of normal state IDCR as a function of doping level, we show that long-known T-linear dependence of normal state IDCR occurs not at the optimal doping (p=0.16/Cu) but at an overdoping of p=0.19/Cu, which coincides with the recently proposed putative quantum critical point. This observation suggests that p=0.19 may be a sample-independent critical doping level at least for bilayer cuprate systems. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis, I-84081 Baronissi, Italy. Univ Salerno, INFM, I-84081 Baronissi, Italy. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 AR 052504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.052504 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911OH UT WOS:000228013400020 ER PT J AU Ouyang, ZW Wang, FW Huang, Q Liu, WF Xiao, YG Lynn, JW Liang, JK Rao, GH AF Ouyang, ZW Wang, FW Huang, Q Liu, WF Xiao, YG Lynn, JW Liang, JK Rao, GH TI Magnetic structure, magnetostriction, and magnetic transitions of the Laves-phase compound NdCO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ITINERANT-ELECTRON METAMAGNETISM; NEUTRON POWDER-DIFFRACTION; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; EXCHANGE; HEAVY; LIGHT; HOCO2; ORDER AB The crystal and the magnetic structures as well as magnetostriction of the Laves-phase compound NdCo2 are investigated by means of temperature-dependent high-resolution neutron-powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the cubic Laves phase C15 structure at high temperature, undergoes a tetragonal distortion (space group I4l/amd) around T(C)approximate to 100 K and an orthorhombic distortion (space group Fddd) at T 42 K. The temperature dependence of lattice constants, magnetostriction constant, and magnetic moment indicate that the magnetic and structural transitions are second order in the vicinity of T-C and are first-order around 42 K. Refinements of magnetic structure reveal that the Nd moment distinctly exhibits an abrupt increase at the first-order transition and the easy magnetization direction of the compound changes from [001] in the tetragonal lattice to [011] in the orthorhombic lattice, indicating a strong coupling between crystal structure and magnetic properties at zero field. Analysis of the temperature dependence of bondlength suggests a strong magnetic exchange striction in the tetragonal structure and that the abrupt increase of the Nd moment is attributed essentially to a change in crystal electric field. Field-dependent neutron diffraction reveals a decoupling of the magnetic and structural transitions under relatively modest magnetic fields. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sinica, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Ouyang, ZW (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM ghrao@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Xiao, Yinguo/N-9069-2015 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 064405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.064405 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911OI UT WOS:000228013500039 ER PT J AU Vajda, P Andre, G Udovic, TJ Erwin, RW Huang, Q AF Vajda, P Andre, G Udovic, TJ Erwin, RW Huang, Q TI Magnetic structure of beta-ErD2: Long-range and short-range order from powder neutron diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LA1-ZYZHX SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; RARE-EARTH DIHYDRIDES; CRYSTAL-FIELD; TRANSITIONS; ERH2 AB Two parallel neutron powder diffraction investigations were performed on different specimens of ErD2 at the LLB (CEN, Saclay) and at NIST for the determination of its magnetic structure. It comprises, below T-N=2.23 K, two coexisting sinusoidally modulated antiferromagnetic (AF) configurations, M' and M '', with the respective incommensurate propagation vectors, k'=(0.275,0.275,0.750), together with its third harmonic 3k', and k ''=(0.120,0.120,0.750). Contrary to other heavy rare-earth dideuterides, no commensurate AF configuration could be detected down to 120 mK. On the other hand, similar to earlier observations on HoD2 and TbD2, magnetic short-range order (SRO) shows up near 1.5 K in ErD2 after the disappearance of certain M '' lines. This SRO seems to correlate with the hexagonal gamma-phase of the trideuteride and suggests an electronic phase separation with. memory effects. C1 Ecole Polytech, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CEA Saclay, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vajda, P (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 AR 054419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.054419 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911OH UT WOS:000228013400064 ER PT J AU Ott, WR AF Ott, WR TI Jules Zeiser Klose - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ott, WR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD FEB PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1063/1.1897533 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 893CW UT WOS:000226697900024 ER PT J AU Stein, DL Felley, JD Vecchione, M AF Stein, DL Felley, JD Vecchione, M TI ROV observations of benthic fishes in the Northwind and Canada Basins, Arctic Ocean SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Abyssal and midslope Arctic benthic fishes were sampled nonquantitatively by still photography and videography from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) between 13 August and 7 September 2002. Species diversity was low: only six putative species were seen, including Lycodes frigidus Collett 1879, Lycodes sp., Rhodichthys regina Collett 1879, Paraliparis bathybius (Collett 1879), Raja (Amblyraja) hyperborea Collett 1879, and Cottunculus species diversity varied among stations sampled. An analysis of 1-min segments of videotape from one long ROV dive suggested that habitat selection by demersal nekton in these environments may be associated with the presence, absence, or density of other benthic animals. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab,Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Off Chief Informat Officer, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stein, DL (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab,Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM steind@si.edu NR 13 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s00300-004-0696-z PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898AS UT WOS:000227048700008 ER PT J AU Lee, YH Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR Harris, RH AF Lee, YH Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR Harris, RH TI Monitoring the relaxation behavior of nylon/clay nanocomposites in the melt with an online dielectric sensor SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Polymers for Advanced Technologies CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL DE clay; dielectric properties; microstructure; nanocomposites; polyamides ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; NYLON-6; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; TEMPERATURE AB Dielectric spectrometry was used to correlate microstructure of the filler with relaxation behavior of the polymer matrix in nylon/clay nanocomposites. Agglomerated, intercalated, and exfoliated composites were fabricated by extruding nylon 6 and nylon 12 with montmorillonite clays treated by two types of amino surfactants. A new on-line dielectric slit die sensor was used to examine the melt state properties during extrusion compounding in a frequency range from 50 to 10(6) Hz. Using non-linear regression methods, the experimental data were fit with the Cole-Cole dielectric relaxation functions corrected for electrode polarization and d.c. conductivity. Characteristic frequency, relaxation strength, relaxation time distribution, as well as d.c. conductivities were extracted from curves with overlapping relaxation modes. Only one dielectric dispersion was found in the neat nylon, which was identified as a relaxation associated with molecular segmental motion. Two dielectric relaxations, alpha relaxation and Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars interfacial polarization (MWS), were observed in the composite melt. MWS is ascribed to conducting ions in a polymer/filler mixture and has relaxation properties that are dependent upon the microstructure of the filler. Published in 2005 by John Wiley D Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anthony.bur@nist.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD FEB-MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1002/pat.576 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 907PQ UT WOS:000227730700027 ER PT J AU Cook, JC Glinka, CJ Schroder, IG AF Cook, JC Glinka, CJ Schroder, IG TI Performance of the vertical optical filter for the NG-3 30 m SANS instrument at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Center for Neutron Research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REACTOR; SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING; DEVICES; BEAMS; NIST AB The straight neutron guide and crystal filter formerly used to supply a cold neutron beam to the NG-3 30 m small angle scattering instrument at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research has been replaced by a vertically-kinked "optical filter" neutron guide that eliminates direct lines-of-sight between the instrument and the neutron source. Due to pre-existing lateral spatial constraints, the optical filter bend is in a vertical plane requiring a vertical displacement of the sample-detector axis by about 14 cm. The optical filter is successful in excluding unwanted fast neutrons and gamma rays from the beam at the sample position without the use of crystal filters. We show that the optical filter provides neutron current density gains at the sample by a factor of about 1.8 at 15 Angstrom neutron wavelength with negligible increase in the beam divergence, whilst allowing some measurement capability at wavelengths shorter than 4 Angstrom (previously excluded by the beryllium-bismuth crystal filter). (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jeremy.cook@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 AR 025108 DI 10.1063/1.1844472 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SB UT WOS:000226738400064 ER PT J AU Hodges, JT Ciurylo, R AF Hodges, JT Ciurylo, R TI Automated high-resolution frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down absorption spectrometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; LASER PHASE; LINE-SHAPES; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; REGION; PARAMETERS; RESONATOR; CONTINUUM AB We describe a frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down absorption spectrometer with automated scanning capabilities. The system utilizes the comb of ring-down cavity resonances as frequency markers for spectral scans. The comb is actively stabilized with respect to a frequency-stabilized reference laser, and the continuous wave, single-mode probe laser frequency is in turn actively stabilized with respect to resonances of the ring-down cavity frequency comb. Ring-down spectra are obtained by locking the external-cavity diode laser probe to sequential cavity resonances (separated by the ring-down cavity free spectral range), and the ring-down cavity frequency comb is translated by controlled amounts using acousto-optic frequency shifting methods for fine frequency steps less than the free-spectral range. A computer-controlled method for automating frequency tuning and probe laser locking to the cavity resonances is described, and high-resolution near-infrared (vicinity of 10 712 cm(-1)) absorption spectra of water vapor are presented. A frequency resolution of approximate to1 MHz and minimum measurable line intensity of 10(-27) cm(2) cm(-1) molecule(-1) are demonstrated. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fiz, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 AR 023112 DI 10.1063/1.1850633 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SB UT WOS:000226738400013 ER PT J AU Zink, BL Revaz, B Cherry, JJ Hellman, F AF Zink, BL Revaz, B Cherry, JJ Hellman, F TI Measurement of thermal conductivity of thin films with a Si-N membrane-based microcalorimeter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; TRANSPORT; LAYERS AB We describe a method of measuring thermal conductivity of films as thin as 15 nm from 2-300 K and in magnetic fields up to at least 8 T using a silicon-nitride membrane based microcalorimeter. The thermal transport in the membrane is measured before and after a sample film is deposited on the membrane. Accurate knowledge of the geometry of the microcalorimeter allows the thermal conductivity of the sample film to be determined from the difference of these measurements. We demonstrate the method for two thin film samples, a 16 nm thick Au film and a 200 nm Pb film. Results are in good agreement with the expected thermal conductivity. Below 10 K, surface scattering effects in the nitride membrane become important and limit the usefulness of this technique in some cases. Above 100 K radiative loss becomes important; we describe a method for correcting for this, taking advantage of its temperature dependence. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zink, BL (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MC 817 03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bzink@boulder.nist.gov OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 AR 024901 DI 10.1063/1.1848658 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SB UT WOS:000226738400052 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, A Bohnsack, JA AF Bartholomew, A Bohnsack, JA TI A review of catch-and-release angling mortality with implications for no-take reserves SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE aquatic protected areas; bycatch; marine reserve; no-take; recreational fishing; release mortality ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; REEF FISHES; RECREATIONAL FISHERIES; HOOKING MORTALITY; CAPTURE METHODS; UNITED-STATES; CIRCLE HOOKS AB Management agencies have increasingly relied on size limits, daily bag or trip limits, quotas, and seasonal closures to manage fishing in recreational and commercial fisheries. Another trend is to establish aquatic protected areas, including no-take reserves (NTRs), to promote sustainable fisheries and protect aquatic ecosystems. Some anglers, assuming that no serious harm befalls the fish, advocate allowing catch-and-release (C&R) angling in aquatic protected areas. The ultimate success of these regulations and C&R angling depends on ensuring high release survival rates by minimizing injury and mortality. To evaluate the potential effectiveness of these practices, we review trends in C&R fishing and factors that influence release mortality. Analysis of Marine Recreational Fishery Statistic Survey (MRFSS) data for 1981 - 1999 showed no statistically significant U. S. trends for total number of anglers (mean 7.7 x 10(6)), total catch in numbers (mean 362 x 10(6)), or total annual catch/ angler (mean 42.6 fish). However, mean total annual landings declined 28% (188.5 to 135.7 x 10(6)), mean total catch/angler/trip declined 22.1% (0.95 to 0.74 fish), and mean landings/ angler/trip declined 27% (0.42 to 0.31 fish). The total number of recreational releases or discards increased 97.1% (98.0 to 193.2 x 10(6)) and as a proportion of total catch from 34.2% in 1981 to 58.0% in 1999. Evidence indicates that the increased releases and discards are primarily in response to mandatory regulations and to a lesser extent, voluntary releases. Total annual catch and mean annual catch/angler were maintained despite declines in catch per trip because anglers took 30.8% more fishing trips (43.5 to 56.9 x 10(6)), perhaps to compensate for greater use of bag and size limits. We reviewed 53 release mortality studies, doubling the number of estimates since Muoneke and Childress ( 1994) reviewed catch and release fishing. A meta-analysis of combined data (n = 274) showed a skewed distribution of release mortality ( median 11%, mean 18%, range 0 - 95%). Mortality distributions were similar for salmonids, marine, and freshwater species. Mean mortality varied greatly by species and within species, anatomical hooking location was the most important mortality factor. Other significant mortality factors were: use of natural bait, removing hooks from deeply hooked fish, use of J-hooks ( vs. circle hooks), deeper depth of capture, warm water temperatures, and extended playing and handling times. Barbed hooks had marginally higher mortality than barbless hooks. Based on numbers of estimates, no statistically significant overall effects were found for fish size, hook size, venting to deflate fish caught at depth, or use of treble vs. single hooks. Catch and release fishing is a growing and an increasingly important activity. The common occurrence of release mortality, however, requires careful evaluation for achieving fishery management goals and in some cases, disturbance, injury, or mortality may conflict with some goals of NTRs. Research is needed to develop better technology and techniques to reduce release mortality, to assess mortality from predation during capture and after release, to determine cumulative mortality from multiple hooking and release events, and to measure sub-lethal effects on behavior, physical condition, growth, and reproduction. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Amer Univ Sharjah, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. RP Bartholomew, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM abartholomew@ausharjah.edu NR 122 TC 239 Z9 250 U1 17 U2 131 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s11160-005-2175-1 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 990EG UT WOS:000233725400008 ER PT J AU Hill, SM Pizzo, VJ Balch, CC Biesecker, DA Bornmann, P Hildner, E Lewis, LD Grubb, RN Husler, MP Prendergast, K Vickroy, J Greer, S Defoor, T Wilkinson, DC Hooker, R Mulligan, P Chipman, E Bysal, H Douglas, JP Reynolds, R Davis, JM Wallace, KS Russell, K Freestone, K Bagdigian, D Page, T Kerns, S Hoffman, R Cauffman, SA Davis, MA Studer, R Berthiaume, FE Saha, TT Berthiume, GD Farthing, H Zimmermann, F AF Hill, SM Pizzo, VJ Balch, CC Biesecker, DA Bornmann, P Hildner, E Lewis, LD Grubb, RN Husler, MP Prendergast, K Vickroy, J Greer, S Defoor, T Wilkinson, DC Hooker, R Mulligan, P Chipman, E Bysal, H Douglas, JP Reynolds, R Davis, JM Wallace, KS Russell, K Freestone, K Bagdigian, D Page, T Kerns, S Hoffman, R Cauffman, SA Davis, MA Studer, R Berthiaume, FE Saha, TT Berthiume, GD Farthing, H Zimmermann, F TI The NOAA GOES-12 Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) 1. Instrument, operations, and data SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TELESCOPE; MISSION AB The Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) was launched 23 July 2001 on NOAAs GOES-12 satellite and completed post-launch testing 20 December 2001. Beginning 22 January 2003 it has provided nearly uninterrupted, full-disk, soft X-ray solar images, with a continuous frame rate significantly exceeding that for previous similar instruments. The SXI provides images with a 1 min cadence and a single-image (adjustable) dynamic range near 100. A set of metallic thin-film filters provides temperature discrimination in the 0.6 - 6.0 nm bandpass. The spatial resolution of approximately 10 arcsec FWHM is sampled with 5 arcsec pixels. Three instrument degradations have occurred since launch, two affecting entrance filters and one affecting the detector high-voltage system. This work presents the SXI instrument, its operations, and its data processing, including the impacts of the instrument degradations. A companion paper (Pizzo et al., this issue) presents SXI performance prior to an instrument degradation that occurred on 5 November 2003 and thus applies to more than 420000 soft X-ray images of the Sun. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, SOCC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. MIT, Lincoln Labs, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Swales Aerosp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Space Syst Loral, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Hill, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.hill@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 226 IS 2 BP 255 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-7416-x PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 927IS UT WOS:000229188200005 ER PT J AU Pizzo, VJ Hill, SM Balch, CC Biesecker, DA Bornmann, P Hildner, E Grubb, RN Chipman, EG Davis, JM Wallace, KS Russell, K Cauffman, SA Saha, TT Berthiume, GD AF Pizzo, VJ Hill, SM Balch, CC Biesecker, DA Bornmann, P Hildner, E Grubb, RN Chipman, EG Davis, JM Wallace, KS Russell, K Cauffman, SA Saha, TT Berthiume, GD TI The NOAA GOES-12 Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) 2. Performance SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) was launched on 23 July 2001 on NOAAs GOES-12 satellite and completed post-launch testing on 20 December 2001. It was brought into operations on 21 January 2003. This paper documents SXI performance and calibrations prior to an instrument degradation that occurred on 5 November 2003 and thus covers more than 420000 soft X-ray images of the Sun. This paper details component-level as well as full-system calibrations characterizing the spatial and spectral performance of the instrument, including the grazing-incidence mirror, filters, and the properties of the MCP-intensified CCD detector system. Routine image corrections are also described. These include background (dark current) subtraction, flat-fielding, off-band light-leak correction, and image pointing and timing considerations. In addition, a signal-to-noise analysis is presented. The information contained in this study is intended to enable researchers to conduct quantitative analysis of GOES-12 SXI images. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, SOCC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. MIT, Lincoln Labs, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Pizzo, VJ (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM vic.pizzo@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 226 IS 2 BP 283 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-7417-9 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 927IS UT WOS:000229188200006 ER PT J AU Michalak, AM Kitanidis, PK AF Michalak, AM Kitanidis, PK TI A method for the interpolation of nonnegative functions with an application to contaminant load estimation SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE inference under constraints; nonnegativity; reflected Brownian motion; geostatistics; kriging; Gibbs sampler ID GEOSTATISTICAL INTERPOLATION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; INVERSE PROBLEMS AB The objective of this work is to extend kriging, a geostatistical interpolation method, to honor parameter nonnegativity. The new method uses a prior probability distribution based on reflected Brownian motion that enforces this constraint. The work presented in this paper focuses on interpolation problems where the unknown is a function of a single variable (e.g. time), and is developed both for the case with and without measurement error in the available data. The algorithms presented for conditional simulations are computationally efficient, particularly in the case with no measurement error. We present an application to the interpolation of dissolved arsenic concentration data from the North Fork of the Humboldt River, Nevada. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Michalak, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Anna.Michalak@NOAA.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 8 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00477-004-0189-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 894SN UT WOS:000226812000002 ER PT J AU Theofanos, MF Redish, J AF Theofanos, MF Redish, J TI Helping low-vision and other users with Web sites that meet their needs: Is one site for all feasible? SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INFORMATION AB This is the second article on research that the Communication Technologies Branch of the United States National Cancer Institute (part of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services) conducted with vision-impaired users. In this research, we observed users as they worked with Web sites and the assistive devices they typically use (screen readers or screen magnifiers). C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Redish & Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Theofanos, MF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maryt@nist.gov; ginny@redish.net NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Communication SC Communication GA 896GA UT WOS:000226921400002 ER PT J AU Larson, DM Lew, DK AF Larson, DM Lew, DK TI Measuring the utility of ancillary travel: revealed preferences in recreation site demand and trips taken SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-CHOICE MODEL; SALTWATER BEACH DAYS; LEISURE-TIME; VALUES; COST; TOURISTS; BENEFIT; WORK AB The issues involved in determining economic values of travel as a component of away-from-home trips are discussed. Four distinct concepts are relevant and useful depending on circumstances: marginal and total values of travel, and gross versus net values. A utility-theoretic inverse demand systems approach is implemented to estimate the separate demands for recreation trips and time onsite at the destination, and implemented using data on pink salmon fishing in Alaska. The distance function underlying the demand system is used to determine the net values of travel ancillary to fishing. Some 64% of fishermen had positive net values of travel, and the value of travel per hour traveled averaged $1.64/h with a median of -$3.18/h. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Larson, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM larson@primal.ucdavis.edu OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 36 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-8564 J9 TRANSPORT RES A-POL JI Transp. Res. Pt. A-Policy Pract. PD FEB-MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.tra.2004.09.009 PG 19 WC Economics; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 900DA UT WOS:000227194400009 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Flickinger, BA Forren, E Schultz, DM Sirmans, D Spencer, PL Wood, VT Ziegler, CL AF Brown, RA Flickinger, BA Forren, E Schultz, DM Sirmans, D Spencer, PL Wood, VT Ziegler, CL TI Improved detection of severe storms using experimental fine-resolution WSR-88D measurements SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TORNADO DETECTION; RADAR; RANGE AB Doppler velocity and reflectivity measurements from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radars provide important input to forecasters as they prepare to issue short-term severe storm and tornado warnings. Current-resolution data collected by the radars have an azimuthal spacing of 1.0degrees and range spacing of 1.0 km for reflectivity and 0.25 km for Doppler velocity and spectrum width. To test the feasibility of improving data resolution, National Severe Storms Laboratory's test bed WSR-88D (KOUN) collected data in severe thunderstorms using 0.5degrees-azimuthal spacing and 0.25-km-range spacing, resulting in eight times the resolution for reffectivity and twice the resolution for Doppler velocity and spectrum width. Displays of current-resolution WSR-88D Doppler velocity and reflectivity signatures in severe storms were compared with displays showing finer-resolution signatures. At all ranges, fine-resolution data provided better depiction of severe storm characteristics. Eighty-five percent of mean rotational velocities derived from fine-resolution mesocyclone signatures were stronger than velocities derived from current-resolution signatures. Likewise, about 85% of Doppler velocity differences across tornado and tornadic vortex signatures were stronger than values derived from current-resolution data. In addition, low-altitude boundaries were more readily detected using fine-resolution reflectivity data. At ranges greater than 100 km, fine-resolution reflectivity displays revealed severe storm signatures, such as bounded weak echo regions and book echoes, which were not readily apparent on current-resolution displays. Thus, the primary advantage of fine-resolution measurements over current-resolution measurements is the ability to detect stronger reflectivity and Doppler velocity signatures at greater ranges from a WSR-88D. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1175/WAF832.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899VY UT WOS:000227175100001 ER PT J AU Lindsey, DT Bunkers, MJ AF Lindsey, DT Bunkers, MJ TI Observations of a severe, left-moving supercell on 4 May 2003 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PART I; THUNDERSTORM; STORM; TORNADOGENESIS AB A case study of a left-moving supercell with a rapid motion is presented to (i) elucidate differences in anvil orientations between left- and right-moving supercells and (ii) highlight the interaction of the left mover with a tornadic right mover. It is shown how anvil orientations, as viewed from satellite, may be used to assist in the identification of thunderstorms with differing motions and how this applies to splitting supercells. Additionally, the movement of the left mover into the forward flank of the right mover may have temporarily affected its tornadic circulation, as tornadoes occurred both before and after the merger, despite the structure of the right mover being interrupted during the merging process. Given the dearth of literature on thunderstorm mergers in general, and how mergers affect tornadic supercells in particular, this is an area that demands further research. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forest Off, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Lindsey, DT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lindscv@cira.colostate.edu RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1175/WAF-830.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899VY UT WOS:000227175100002 ER PT J AU Trapp, RJ Tessendorf, SA Godfrey, ES Brooks, HE AF Trapp, RJ Tessendorf, SA Godfrey, ES Brooks, HE TI Tornadoes from squall lines and bow echoes. Part I: Climatological distribution SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; LOW-LEVEL MESOVORTICES; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; DOWNBURSTS; OUTBREAK; RAINBAND; STORM; SHEAR AB The primary objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of U.S. tornadoes that are spawned annually by squall lines and bow echoes, or quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs). This was achieved by examining radar reflectivity images for every tornado event recorded during 1998-2000 in the contiguous United States. Based on these images, the type of storm associated with each tornado was classified as cell, QLCS, or other. Of the 3828 tornadoes in the database, 79% were produced by cells, 18% were produced by QLCSs, and the remaining 3% were produced by other storm types, primarily rainbands of landfallen tropical cyclones. Geographically, these percentages as well as those based on tornado days exhibited wide variations. For example, 50% of the tornado days in Indiana were associated with QLCSs. In an examination of other tornado attributes, statistically more weak (171) and fewer strong (F2-F3) tornadoes were associated with QLCSs than with cells. QLCS tornadoes were more probable during the winter months than were cells. And finally, QLCS tornadoes displayed a comparatively higher and statistically significant tendency to occur during the late night/early morning hours. Further analysis revealed a disproportional decrease in F0-F1 events during this time of day, which led the authors to propose that many (perhaps as many as 12% of the total) weak QLCSs tornadoes were not reported. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jtrapp@purdue.edu NR 35 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1175/WAF-835.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899VY UT WOS:000227175100003 ER PT J AU Gjertsen, H AF Gjertsen, H TI Can habitat protection lead to improvements in human well-being? Evidence from marine protected areas in the Philippines SO WORLD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Asia; biodiversity; conservation; coral reefs; Philippines; poverty ID CORAL-REEFS; RESERVES; DEGRADATION; FISH AB The hypothesis that sustainable resource management and biodiversity conservation can result in material benefits to participating communities has existed under different guises in the concepts of sustainable development, integrated conservation and development projects, sustainable use, and community-based resource management. What these approaches have in common is the belief that win-win situations between the environment and human development are possible under particular institutional arrangements. Disentangling the factors that contribute to effective conservation and improved human welfare is difficult, but necessary for understanding when these win-win scenarios are likely to emerge. This paper analyzes data on 40 community-based marine protected areas in the Philippines, to determine the correlates of win-win versus lose-lose or trade-off outcomes, measured in terms of children's nutritional status and coral reef health. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Gjertsen, H (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-750X J9 WORLD DEV JI World Dev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 199 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.07.009 PG 19 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 902RK UT WOS:000227374000002 ER PT J AU Bishop, CM Satet, RL Cannon, RM Carter, WC Roosen, AR AF Bishop, CM Satet, RL Cannon, RM Carter, WC Roosen, AR TI A simple model of fully-faceted grain growth and coarsening with non-linear growth laws SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; LIQUID-PHASE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ALUMINA; MICROSTRUCTURE; KINETICS; SIMULATION; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; CARBIDE AB A numerical simulation of the growth and coarsening of completely faceted particles in a two-dimensional closed system is described. The particles grow from a supersaturated solution with driving forces including an anisotropic-Gibbs-Thompson effect. Linear and non-linear growth laws were incorporated. This allows comparison to data obtained from physical experiments of Si3N4 growing from a glass matrix with additions of various rare earths (La, Y, Lu) where particle growth is more or less anisotropic (depending on the particular rare earth dopant). Simulations explore the ranges of kinetic parameters for which particle shapes tend to be dictated by thermodynamic and/or kinetic anisotropy. Comparison to data taken from a series of experiments indicates that La probably has a non-linear growth effect whereas Lu is less so. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX2 3PH, England. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Ceram Mech Engn, Karlsruhe, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bishop, CM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX2 3PH, England. RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012; OI Bishop, Catherine/0000-0002-0001-7115 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-3093 J9 Z METALLKD JI Z. Metallk. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 96 IS 2 BP 124 EP 134 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 910SM UT WOS:000227952500005 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DR Lehnert, KW Clark, AM Duncan, WD Irwin, KD Miller, N Ullom, JN AF Schmidt, DR Lehnert, KW Clark, AM Duncan, WD Irwin, KD Miller, N Ullom, JN TI A superconductor-insulator-normal metal bolometer with microwave readout suitable for large-format arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATURES; TRANSPORT AB We demonstrate high bandwidth and low-noise readout of a superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor hot-electron bolometer element. We measure a noise equivalent temperature of better than 0.6 muK/Hz(1/2) and infer an electrical noise equivalent power of 7 X 10(-17) W/Hz(1/2) for a normal-metal volume of 4.5 mum(3) at an operating temperature of 270 mK. Using a pulsed bias technique we measure a thermal time constant of 1.2 mus at 270 mK. The microwave readout method we employ is compatible with large-format arrays of 10(3)-10(5) pixels required by future far-infrared space and ground-based observatories. (C) 2005 American Institute Of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schmidt, DR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009; Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045; Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 AR 053505 DI 10.1063/1.1855411 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 899LA UT WOS:000227144700058 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Jablonski, A Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, CJ Jablonski, A Werner, WSM Smekal, W TI Characterization of thin films on the nanometer scale by Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; AES; databases; film thicknesses; quantitative analysis; spectrum simulation; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XPS ID EFFECTIVE ATTENUATION LENGTHS; SILICON DIOXIDE; ULTRATHIN SIO2; XPS; SCATTERING; AES; QUANTIFICATION; THICKNESS; SOLIDS; RANGE AB We describe two NIST databases that can be used to characterize thin films from Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. First, the NIST Electron Effective-Attenuation-Length Database provides values of effective attenuation lengths (EALs) for user-specified materials and measurement conditions. The EALs differ from the corresponding inelastic mean free paths on account of elastic-scattering of the signal electrons. The database supplies "practical" EALs that can be used to determine overlayer-film thicknesses. Practical EALs are plotted as a function of film thickness, and an average value is shown for a user-selected thickness. The average practical EAL can be utilized as the "lambda parameter" to obtain film thicknesses from simple equations in which the effects of elastic-scattering are neglected. A single average practical EAL can generally be employed for a useful range of film thicknesses and for electron emission angles of up to about 60degrees. For larger emission angles, the practical EAL should be found for the particular conditions. Second, we describe a new NIST database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to be released in 2004. This database provides data for many parameters needed in quantitative AES and XPS (e.g., excitation cross-sections, electron-scattering cross-sections, lineshapes, fluorescence yields, and backscattering factors). Relevant data for a user-specified experiment are automatically retrieved by a small expert system. In addition, Auger electron and photoelectron spectra can be simulated for layered samples. The simulated spectra, for layer compositions and thicknesses specified by the user, can be compared with measured spectra. The layer compositions and thicknesses can then be adjusted to find maximum consistency between simulated and measured spectra, and thus, provide more detailed characterizations of multilayer thin-film materials. SESSA can also provide practical EALs, and we compare values provided by the NIST EAL database and SESSA for hafnium dioxide. Differences of up to 10% were found for film thicknesses less than 20 Angstrom due to the use of different physical models in each database. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Allgemeine Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2005 VL 239 IS 3-4 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.06.012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 886IB UT WOS:000226219200030 ER PT J AU Arbic, BK AF Arbic, BK TI Atmospheric forcing of the oceanic semidiurnal tide SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; BAROTROPIC RESPONSE; GLOBAL OCEAN; CIRCULATION; DISSIPATION; TOPOGRAPHY; ACCURACY; MODELS; WIND AB The principal solar semidiurnal tide (S-2) in the ocean is forced by the pressure loading of the atmospheric thermal tide as well as by the gravitational tidal potential. This paper examines the effects of adding the atmospheric S-2 forcing to a forward tide model. When the model is forced only by the gravitational potential, the S-2 relative elevation error with respect to pelagic tide gauges is anomalously poor. After atmospheric S-2 forcing is added, the relative error reduces to levels seen in other tidal constituents. In the global average, the atmospherically forced S-2 ocean tide is 14.7 percent as large as the gravitationally forced S-2 tide, and differs by about 109.4degrees in phase, consistent with the relative amplitudes and phases of the atmospheric and gravitational S-2 forcings. Because the S-2 air tide is periodic, the oceanic S-2 tide represents a particularly clean test of the ability of numerical models to successfully replicate the oceanic response to atmospheric pressure loading. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM arbic@splash.princeton.edu OI Arbic, Brian K/0000-0002-7969-2294 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 AR L02610 DI 10.1029/2004GL021668 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 892XL UT WOS:000226683200006 ER PT J AU Mangel, M Levin, PS AF Mangel, M Levin, PS TI Regime, phase and paradigm shifts: making community ecology the basic science for fisheries SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE population ecology; community ecology; marine reserves; excess production; paradigm shift ID MARINE RESERVES; PACIFIC SALMON; LARGE-SCALE; CORAL-REEF; HARVESTING STRATEGIES; FISH COMMUNITIES; REFERENCE POINTS; GEORGES BANK; FOOD WEBS; POPULATION AB Modern fishery science, which began in 1957 with Beverton and Holt, is ca. 50 years old. At its inception, fishery science was limited by a nineteenth century mechanistic worldview and by computational technology, thus, the relatively simple equations of population ecology became the fundamental ecological science underlying fisheries. The time has come for this to change and for community ecology to become the fundamental ecological science underlying fisheries. This point will be illustrated with two examples. First, when viewed from a community perspective, excess production must be considered in the context of biomass left for predators. We argue that this is a better measure of the effects of fisheries than spawning biomass per recruit. Second, we shall analyse a simple, but still multi-species, model for fishery management that considers the alternatives of harvest regulations, inshore marine protected areas and offshore marine protected areas. Population or community perspectives lead to very different predictions about the efficacy of reserves. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assess Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Sci Ecosyst Management Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Mangel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM msmangel@soe.ucsc.edu NR 79 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 29 PY 2005 VL 360 IS 1453 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1098/rstb.2004.1571 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 904RF UT WOS:000227514700008 PM 15713590 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Le Bigot, EO Evers, J Mohr, PJ Keitel, CH AF Jentschura, UD Le Bigot, EO Evers, J Mohr, PJ Keitel, CH TI Relativistic and radiative energy shifts for Rydberg states SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop and Seminar on Rydberg Physics CY APR 19-MAY 14, 2004 CL Max Planck Inst Physik Komplexer Sys, Dresden, GERMANY HO Max Planck Inst Physik Komplexer Sys ID LAMB SHIFT; HYDROGEN-ATOM; BETHE LOGARITHMS; CIRCULAR STATES; EXCITED-STATES; HELIUM; VALUES AB We investigate relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects for highly-excited bound states in hydrogen-like systems (Rydberg states). In particular, hydrogenic one-loop Bethe logarithms are calculated for all circular states (l = n - 1) in the range 20 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 60 and successfully compared to an existing asymptotic expansion for large principal quantum number n. We provide accurate expansions of the Bethe logarithm for large values of n, for S, P and circular Rydberg states. These three expansions are expected to give any Bethe logarithm for principal quantum number n > 20 to an accuracy of five to seven decimal digits, within the specified manifolds of atomic states. Within the numerical accuracy, the results constitute unified, general formulae for quantum electrodynamic corrections whose validity is not restricted to a single atomic state. The results are relevant for accurate predictions of radiative shifts of Rydberg states and for the description of the recently investigated laser-dressed Lamb shift, which is observable in a strong coherent-wave light field. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Evers, Jorg/A-5077-2009 OI Evers, Jorg/0000-0001-7864-6029 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 SI SI BP S97 EP S105 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/2/008 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 899OM UT WOS:000227154000009 ER PT J AU Wu, J Lynn, JW Glinka, CJ Burley, J Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF Wu, J Lynn, JW Glinka, CJ Burley, J Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C TI Intergranular giant magnetoresistance in a spontaneously phase separated perovskite oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO-SIO2 GRANULAR FILMS; MAGNETIC SUPERLATTICES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MANGANITES; TRANSITION; METAL; CONDUCTIVITY; LA1-XCAXMNO3; MULTILAYERS AB We present small-angle neutron scattering data proving that, on the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition, the doped perovskite cobaltite La1-xSrxCoO3 phase separates into ferromagnetic metallic clusters embedded in a nonferromagnetic matrix. This induces a hysteretic magnetoresistance, with temperature and field dependence characteristic of intergranular giant magnetoresistance (GMR). We argue that this system is a natural analog to the artificial structures fabricated by depositing nanoscale ferromagnetic particles in a metallic or insulating matrix; i.e., this material displays a GMR effect without the deliberate introduction of chemical interfaces. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu NR 36 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 3 AR 037201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.037201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 891TU UT WOS:000226604700074 PM 15698314 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Shin, SI Webb, RS Lewis, W Otto-Bliesner, BL AF Liu, ZY Shin, SI Webb, RS Lewis, W Otto-Bliesner, BL TI Atmospheric CO2 forcing on glacial thermohaline circulation and climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEA-ICE; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; MAXIMUM; DEGLACIATION; VARIABILITY; GREENLAND; SYSTEM; CYCLE AB A coupled climate model study indicates the paleoclimate record of glacial thermohaline circulation (THC) and reversed deep-sea temperature- salinity (T-S) distribution in the Atlantic can be explained largely by lower glacial atmospheric CO2 alone. The reduced CO2 leads to increased Southern Ocean wintertime sea-ice cover and salinity, increased production of dense Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), enhanced cold and saline AABW penetration into the deep North Atlantic, increased oceanic vertical stability, and reduced North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) circulation. The dominant role of CO2 forcing during the glacial implies a positive feedback between the Southern Ocean regulated THC and the glacial global carbon cycle. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Earth Environm Inst, Xian, Peoples R China. NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Change Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zliu3@wisc.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 AR L02706 DI 10.1029/2004GL021929 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 892XG UT WOS:000226682700006 ER PT J AU Yamaura, K Huang, Q Moldovan, M Young, DP Sato, A Baba, Y Nagai, T Matsui, Y Takayama-Muromachi, E AF Yamaura, K Huang, Q Moldovan, M Young, DP Sato, A Baba, Y Nagai, T Matsui, Y Takayama-Muromachi, E TI High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure determination, and a Ca substitution study of the metallic rhodium oxide NaRh2O4 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; CAMN2O4; CAFE2O4; NATI2O4; PHYSICS; SYSTEM; HEAT AB The sodium rhodate NaRh2O4 was synthesized for the first time and characterized by neutron and X-ray diffraction studies and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity, and the Seebeck coefficient. NaRh2O4 crystallizes in the CaFe2O4-type structure, which is comprised of a characteristic RhO6 octahedral network. The compound is metallic in nature, probably reflecting the 1: 1 mixed valence character of Rh(III) and Rh(IV) in the network. For further studies of the compound, the Rh valence was varied significantly by means of an aliovalent substitution: the full-range solid solution between NaRh2O4 and CaRh2O4 was achieved and characterized as well. The metallic state was dramatically altered, and a peculiar magnetism developed in the low Na concentration range. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Supercond Mat Ctr, Res Promot Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Supercond Mat Ctr, Res Promot Div, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 25 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1021/cm0483846 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 889ZC UT WOS:000226480400025 ER PT J AU Ballard, JB Dai, XC Arrowsmith, AN Huwel, L Stauffer, HU Leone, SR AF Ballard, JB Dai, XC Arrowsmith, AN Huwel, L Stauffer, HU Leone, SR TI Observation of wave packets with simultaneous electronic, vibrational, and rotational degrees of freedom in Li-2 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL-REACTION DYNAMICS; RYDBERG STATES; LASER CONTROL; SHELF STATE; LI-7(2); PHASE; PREDISSOCIATION; FEMTOCHEMISTRY; PERTURBATION AB Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we observe quantum beats between rovibrational states located on the uncoupled bound G(1)Pi(g)(divided by) and F(1)Sigma(g)(divided by) electronic curves of Li-2. From a pure launch state (A(1)Sigma(u)(+) v(A), J(A) = 11, 28), a wave packet is prepared using the output from a visible ultrafast optical parametric amplifier and is photoionized by an 800 nm ultrafast pulse. As the OPA wavelength is scanned, a vibrational progression of rotational quantum beats on the G curve is observed. At energies around 35000 cm(-1), in addition to rotational beats on the G curve, vibrational, rotational, and electronic beating between the G and F curves is observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jballard@uiuc.edu; srl@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014; OI Huwel, Lutz/0000-0003-0370-3521 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 2005 VL 402 IS 1-3 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.128 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 889YX UT WOS:000226479900006 ER PT J AU Levitus, S Antonov, J Boyer, T AF Levitus, S Antonov, J Boyer, T TI Warming of the world ocean, 1955-2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; SEA; SALINITY; PACIFIC AB We present new estimates of the variability of ocean heat content based on: a) additional data that extends the record to more recent years; b) additional historical data for earlier years. During 1955 - 1998 world ocean heat content ( 0 - 3000 m) increased 14.5 +/- 10(22) J corresponding to a mean temperature increase of 0.037 degreesC at a rate of 0.20 Wm(-2) ( per unit area of Earth's total surface area). C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, E-OC5,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM sydney.levitus@noaa.gov; john.antonov@noaa.gov; tim.boyer@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 620 Z9 642 U1 7 U2 111 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 AR L02604 DI 10.1029/2004GL021592 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 891JY UT WOS:000226578400001 ER PT J AU Kaandorp, JA Sloot, PMA Merks, RMH Bak, RPM Vermeij, MJA Maier, C AF Kaandorp, JA Sloot, PMA Merks, RMH Bak, RPM Vermeij, MJA Maier, C TI Morphogenesis of the branching reef coral Madracis mirabilis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE morphogenesis; scleractinian corals; diffusion-limited growth; morphological plasticity; computed tomography scanning; stable isotope analysis ID WATER-FLOW; LATTICE-BOLTZMANN; GROWTH; PLASTICITY; DIFFUSION; MICHELOTTI; MORPHOLOGY; MODELS; RESPIRATION; PORITES AB Understanding external deciding factors in growth and morphology of reef corals is essential to elucidate the role of corals in marine ecosystems, and to explain their susceptibility to pollution and global climate change. Here, we extend on a previously presented model for simulating the growth and form of a branching coral and we compare the simulated morphologies to three-dimensional (313) images of the coral species Madracis mirabilis. Simulation experiments and isotope analyses of M. mirabilis skeletons indicate that external gradients of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) determine the morphogenesis of branching, phototrophic corals. In the simulations we use a first principle model of accretive growth based on local interactions between the polyps. The only species-specific information in the model is the average size of a polyp. From flow tank and simulation studies it is known that a relatively large stagnant and diffusion dominated region develops within a branching colony. We have used this information by assuming in our model that growth is entirely driven by a difftision-limited process, where DIC supply represents the limiting factor. With such model constraints it is possible to generate morphologies that are virtually indistinguishable from the 3D images of the actual colonies. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. NOAA, Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kaandorp, JA (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM jaapk@science.uva.nl RI Sloot, Peter/B-3078-2014; Vermeij, Mark/B-2752-2013; Merks, Roeland/A-2249-2008 OI Sloot, Peter/0000-0002-3848-5395; Vermeij, Mark/0000-0001-9612-9527; Merks, Roeland/0000-0002-6152-687X NR 40 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 22 PY 2005 VL 272 IS 1559 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1098/rspb.2004.2934 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 897CE UT WOS:000226980800003 PM 15695202 ER PT J AU Feng, W Chipperfield, MP Davies, S Sen, B Toon, G Blavier, JF Webster, CR Volk, CM Ulanovsky, A Ravegnani, F von der Gathen, P Jost, H Richard, EC Claude, H AF Feng, W Chipperfield, MP Davies, S Sen, B Toon, G Blavier, JF Webster, CR Volk, CM Ulanovsky, A Ravegnani, F von der Gathen, P Jost, H Richard, EC Claude, H TI Three-dimensional model study of the Arctic ozone loss in 2002/2003 and comparison with 1999/2000 and 2003/2004 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DELTA-EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; WINTER; DEPLETION; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB We have used the SLIMCAT 3-D off-line chemical transport model (CTM) to quantify the Arctic chemical ozone loss in the year 2002/2003 and compare it with similar calculations for the winters 1999/2000 and 2003/2004. Recent changes to the CTM have improved the model's ability to reproduce polar chemical and dynamical processes. The updated CTM uses sigma-theta as a vertical coordinate which allows it to extend down to the surface. The CTM has a detailed stratospheric chemistry scheme and now includes a simple NAT-based denitrification scheme in the stratosphere. In the model runs presented here the model was forced by ECMWF ERA40 and operational analyses. The model used 24 levels extending from the surface to similar to55 km and a horizontal resolution of either 7.5degrees x 7.5degrees or 2.8degrees x 2.8degrees. Two different radiation schemes, MIDRAD and the CCM scheme, were used to diagnose the vertical motion in the stratosphere. Based on tracer observations from balloons and aircraft, the more sophisticated CCM scheme gives a better representation of the vertical transport in this model which includes the troposphere. The higher resolution model generally produces larger chemical O-3 depletion, which agrees better with observations. The CTM results show that very early chemical ozone loss occurred in December 2002 due to extremely low temperatures and early chlorine activation in the lower stratosphere. Thus, chemical loss in this winter started earlier than in the other two winters studied here. In 2002/2003 the local polar ozone loss in the lower stratosphere was similar to40% before the stratospheric final warming. Larger ozone loss occurred in the cold year 1999/2000 which had a persistently cold and stable vortex during most of the winter. For this winter the current model, at a resolution of 2.8degrees x 2.8degrees, can reproduce the observed loss of over 70% locally. In the warm and more disturbed winter 2003/2004 the chemical O3 loss was generally much smaller, except above 620 K where large losses occurred due to a period of very low minimum temperatures at these altitudes. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. CAO, Moscow, Russia. Italian Natl Res Council, ISAC, Bologna, Italy. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany. RP Feng, W (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM fengwh@env.leeds.ac.uk; martyn@env.leeds.ac.uk RI FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Ravegnani, Fabrizio/A-7800-2009 OI FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Ravegnani, Fabrizio/0000-0003-0735-9297 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 139 EP 152 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889NK UT WOS:000226449500004 ER PT J AU Jensen, MJ Hasegawa, T Bollinger, JJ Dubin, DHE AF Jensen, MJ Hasegawa, T Bollinger, JJ Dubin, DHE TI Rapid heating of a strongly coupled plasma near the solid-liquid phase transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; LASER-COOLED IONS; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS AB Between 10(4) and 10(6) Be-9(+) ions were trapped in a Penning trap and laser cooled to similar to1 mK, where they formed a crystalline plasma. We measured the ion temperature as a function of time after turning off the laser cooling and observed a rapid temperature increase as the plasma underwent the solid-liquid phase transition at Tsimilar or equal to10 mK (Gammasimilar to170). We present evidence that this rapid heating is due to a sudden release of energy from weakly cooled degrees of freedom involving the cyclotron motion of trapped impurity ions. This equilibration of cyclotron motion with motion parallel to the magnetic field is more than 10 orders of magnitude faster than that predicted by currently available theory, which is valid only in the absence of correlations (Gamma<1). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Hyogo, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jensen, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mjensen@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 AR 025001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.025001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 889YN UT WOS:000226478900032 PM 15698181 ER PT J AU Kohler, T Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS AF Kohler, T Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS TI Spontaneous dissociation of long-range Feshbach molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD MOLECULES; COLLISIONS; CONDENSATE AB We study the spontaneous dissociation of diatomic molecules produced in cold atomic gases via magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances. We provide a universal formula for the lifetime of these molecules that relates their decay to the scattering length and the loss rate constant for inelastic spin relaxation. Our universal treatment as well as our exact coupled channels calculations for Rb-85 dimers predict a suppression of the decay over several orders of magnitude when the scattering length is increased. Our predictions are in good agreement with recent measurements of the lifetime of Rb-85(2). C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kohler, T (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 AR 020402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.020402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 889YN UT WOS:000226478900002 PM 15698151 ER PT J AU Stock, R Silberfarb, A Bolda, EL Deutsch, IH AF Stock, R Silberfarb, A Bolda, EL Deutsch, IH TI Generalized pseudopotentials for higher partial wave scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION RATES; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; GAS AB We derive a generalized zero-range pseudopotential applicable to all partial wave solutions to the Schrodinger equation based on a delta-shell potential in the limit that the shell radius approaches zero. This properly models all higher order multipole moments not accounted for with a monopolar delta function at the origin, as used in the familiar Fermi pseudopotential for s-wave scattering. By making the strength of the potential energy dependent, we derive self-consistent solutions for the entire energy spectrum of the realistic potential. We apply this to study two particles in an isotropic harmonic trap, interacting through a central potential, and derive analytic expressions for the energy eigenstates and eigenvalues. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stock, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM restock@unm.edu RI Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009 OI Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 AR 023202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.023202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 889YN UT WOS:000226478900025 PM 15698174 ER PT J AU Thompson, ST Hodby, E Wieman, CE AF Thompson, ST Hodby, E Wieman, CE TI Spontaneous dissociation of Rb-85 Feshbach molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FERMI GAS; RESONANCE; ATOMS AB The spontaneous dissociation of Rb-85 dimers in the highest lying vibrational level has been observed in the vicinity of the Feshbach resonance that was used to produce them. The molecular lifetime shows a strong dependence on magnetic field, varying by 3 orders of magnitude between 155.5 G and 162.2 G. Our measurements are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in which molecular dissociation is driven by inelastic spin relaxation. Molecule lifetimes of tens of milliseconds can be achieved within approximately a 1 G wide region directly above the Feshbach resonance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thompson, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 2 AR 020401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.020401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 889YN UT WOS:000226478900001 PM 15698150 ER PT J AU Tsurutani, BT Judge, DL Guarnieri, FL Gangopadhyay, P Jones, AR Nuttall, J Zambon, GA Didkovsky, L Mannucci, AJ Iijima, B Meier, RR Immel, TJ Woods, TN Prasad, S Floyd, L Huba, J Solomon, SC Straus, P Viereck, R AF Tsurutani, BT Judge, DL Guarnieri, FL Gangopadhyay, P Jones, AR Nuttall, J Zambon, GA Didkovsky, L Mannucci, AJ Iijima, B Meier, RR Immel, TJ Woods, TN Prasad, S Floyd, L Huba, J Solomon, SC Straus, P Viereck, R TI The October 28, 2003 extreme EUV solar flare and resultant extreme ionospheric effects: Comparison to other Halloween events and the Bastille Day event SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Some of the most intense solar flares measured in 0.1 to 0.8 nm x-rays in recent history occurred near the end of 2003. The Nov 4 event is the largest in the NOAA records (X28) and the Oct 28 flare was the fourth most intense (X17). The Oct 29 flare was class X7. These flares are compared and contrasted to the July 14, 2000 Bastille Day (X10) event using the SOHO SEM 26.0 to 34.0 nm EUV and TIMED SEE 0.1-194 nm data. High time resolution, similar to30s ground-base GPS data and the GUVI FUV dayglow data are used to examine the flare-ionosphere relationship. In the 26.0 to 34.0 nm wavelength range, the Oct 28 flare is found to have a peak intensity greater than twice that of the Nov 4 flare, indicating strong spectral variability from flare-to-flare. Solar absorption of the EUV portion of the Nov 4 limb event is a possible cause. The dayside ionosphere responds dramatically (similar to2.5 min 1/e rise time) to the x-ray and EUV input by an abrupt increase in total electron content (TEC). The Oct 28 TEC ionospheric peak enhancement at the subsolar point is similar to25 TECU (25 x 10(12) electrons/cm(2)) or 30% above background. In comparison, the Nov 4, Oct 29 and the Bastille Day events have similar to5-7 TECU peak enhancements above background. The Oct 28 TEC enhancement lasts similar to3 hrs, far longer than the flare duration. This latter ionospheric feature is consistent with increased electron production in the middle altitude ionosphere, where recombination rates are low. It is the EUV portion of the flare spectrum that is responsible for photoionization of this region. Further modeling will be necessary to fully understand the detailed physics and chemistry of flare-ionosphere coupling. C1 Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Space Phys Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ionospher & Atmospher Remote Sensing Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Creat Res Enterprises, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. Interferometr Inc, Washington, DC USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ So Calif, Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Pk Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM bruce.tsurutani@jpl.nasa.gov RI Mannucci, Anthony/A-1349-2007; Solomon, Stanley/J-4847-2012; Meier, Robert/G-4749-2014; OI Mannucci, Anthony/0000-0003-2391-8490; Solomon, Stanley/0000-0002-5291-3034; Meier, Robert/0000-0001-8497-7115; Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X NR 10 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 AR L03S09 DI 10.1029/2004GL021475 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 891KA UT WOS:000226578600001 ER PT J AU Pivovar, AA Pivovar, BS AF Pivovar, AA Pivovar, BS TI Dynamic behavior of water within a polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane at low hydration levels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SWOLLEN PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMER; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; NAFION MEMBRANES; SELF-DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; NMR; IR; MICROSTRUCTURE; NANOSTRUCTURE AB Protonic conduction across the membrane of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is intimately related to the dynamic behavior of water present within the membrane. To further the understanding of water dynamics in these materials, quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) has been used to investigate the picosecond dynamic behavior of water within a perfluorosulfonated ionomer (PFSI) membrane under increasing hydration levels from dry to saturation. Evaluation of the elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) reveals an increase in the characteristic length-scale of confinement as the number of water molecules in the membrane increases. tending to an asymptotic value at saturation. The fraction of elastic incoherent scattering observed at high Q over all hydration levels is well fit by a simple model that assumes a single, nondiffusing hydronium ion per membrane sulfonic acid site. The quasielastic component of the fitted data indicates confined dynamic behavior for scattering vectors less than 0.7 Angstrom(-1). As such, the dynamic behavior was interpreted using continuous diffusion confined within a sphere at Q < 0.7 Angstrom(-1) and random unconstrained jump diffusion at 0 > 0.7 Angstrom(-1). As the number of water molecules in the membrane increases, the characteristic residence times obtained from both models is reduced. The increased dynamical frequency is further reflected in the, diffusion coefficients predicted by both models. Between low hydration (2 H2O/SO3H) and saturation (16 H2O/SO3H), the continuous spherical diffusion coefficient changes from 0.46 +/- 0.12 to 1.04 +/- 0.12 (10(-5) cm(2)/s) and jump diffusion indicates an increase from 1.21 +/- 0.03 to 2.14 +/- 0.08 (10(-5) cm(2)/s). Overall, the dynamic behavior of water has been quantified over different length scale regimes. the results of which may be rationalized on the basis of the formation of water clusters in the hydrophilic domain that expand toward an asymptotic upper limit with increased hydration. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20089 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pivovar, AA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20089 USA. EM adam.pivovar@nist.gov NR 48 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 20 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 2 BP 785 EP 793 DI 10.1021/jp046029x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 887NQ UT WOS:000226313200020 PM 16866442 ER PT J AU Feingold, G Jiang, HL Harrington, JY AF Feingold, G Jiang, HL Harrington, JY TI On smoke suppression of clouds in Amazonia SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICS; CLOUDINESS; AEROSOLS AB [1] We use large eddy simulations of smoke- cloud interactions to demonstrate the relative importance of various factors responsible for cloud suppression in the biomass burning regions of Amazonia. The model includes unprecedented treatment of coupled smoke aerosol- cloud-radiative feedbacks in a 3- dimensional model that resolves scales of similar to 100s m. It is shown that the vertical distribution of smoke aerosol in the convective boundary layer is crucial to determining whether cloudiness is reduced; Smoke aerosol emitted at the surface in a daytime convective boundary layer may reduce or increase cloudiness whereas smoke aerosol residing in the layer where clouds tend to form will reduce cloudiness. On the other hand, the reduction in surface latent and sensible heat fluxes associated with biomass burning is sufficient by itself to substantially reduce cloudiness. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80531 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov; jiang@atmos.colostate.edu; harring@mail.meteo.psu.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014 NR 14 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 19 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 AR L02804 DI 10.1029/2004GL021369 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 891JV UT WOS:000226578100003 ER PT J AU Desantis, S Corriero, A Cirillo, F Deflorio, M Brill, R Gniffiths, M Lopata, AL de la Sernae, JM Bridges, CR Kime, DE De Metrio, G AF Desantis, S Corriero, A Cirillo, F Deflorio, M Brill, R Gniffiths, M Lopata, AL de la Sernae, JM Bridges, CR Kime, DE De Metrio, G TI Immunohistochemical localization of CYP1A, vitellogenin and Zona radiata proteins in the liver of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) taken from the Mediterranean sea, South Atlantic, South Western Indian and Central North Pacific Oceans SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE swordfish liver; CYP1A; Zona radiata proteins; vitellogenin; immunochemistry; eadocrine disruption ID PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS HEPATOCYTES; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; GADUS-MORHUA L; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; EGGSHELL PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; FISH; INDUCTION AB Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) monoxygenase. vitellogenin (Vtg) and Zona radiata proteins (Zrp) are, frequently used as biomarkers of fish exposure to organic contaminants. In this work. swordfish liver sections obtained from the Mediterranean Sea, the South African coasts (South Atlantic and South Western Indian Oceans) and the Central North Pacific Ocean were immunostained with antisera against CYP1A. Zrp, and Vtg. CYP1A induction was found in hepatocytes, epithelium of the biliary ductus and the endothelium of large blood vessels of fish from the Mediterranean Sea and South African waters. but not front the Pacific Ocean. Zrp and Vtg were immunolocalized in hepatocytes of male swordfish from the Mediterranean Sea and front South African waters. Plasma Dot-Blot analysis, performed in Mediterranean and Pacific specimens. revealed the presence of Zrp and Vtg in males front Mediterranean but not front Pacific. These results confirm previous findings about the potential exposure of Mediterranean swordfish to endocrine, disrupting chemicals and raise questions concerning the. possible presence of xenobiotic contaminants off the Southern coasts of South Africa in both the South Atlantic and South Western Indian Oceans. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Wellbeing, I-70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Minist Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand. Univ Cape Town, NHLS Observ, Div Immunol, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Ctr Oceanog Malaga, Malaga 29640, Spain. Univ Dusseldorf, Lehrstuhl Stoffwechselphysiol, Inst Zoophysiol, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP De Metrio, G (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Wellbeing, SP Casamassima Km 3, I-70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy. EM g.demetrio@veterinaria.uniba.it RI Lopata, Andreas/C-8160-2009; Lopata, Andreas/C-3831-2012; OI Lopata, Andreas/0000-0002-2940-9235; Desantis, Salvatore/0000-0001-8580-7556 NR 54 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 18 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.10.005 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 891FJ UT WOS:000226566400001 PM 15642627 ER PT J AU Abbott, PJ Looney, JP Mohan, P AF Abbott, PJ Looney, JP Mohan, P TI The effect of ambient temperature on the sensitivity of hot-cathode ionization gauges SO VACUUM LA English DT Article DE sensitivity; ionization gauge; temperature ID VACUUM; STANDARDS AB We measured the sensitivities of five hot-cathode ionization gauges for ambient laboratory temperatures between 23 and 31 degreesC. All of the ionization gauges exhibited very similar behavior, and the sensitivity could be adequately modeled with a linear function of temperature. The slopes of the fits were smaller than one would expect due to changes in the calibration chamber number density. The thermal transpiration effect, due to local heating of the gauge structures, can account for this, and a characteristic gauge tube temperature can be inferred from the temperature dependence of the sensitivity. A recent comparison of the high vacuum standards of several National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) was performed over the range of 10(-6)-10(-3) Pa using hot-cathode and spinning rotor gauges as transfer standards. Among the participants, laboratory temperatures varied by as much as 5 degreesC. It is necessary to know how laboratory temperature affects the sensitivity of the hot-cathode transfer standards (spinning rotor gauges explicitly account for the gas temperature) so that individual laboratory results can be corrected to a common temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Abbott, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM patrick.abbott@nist.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD JAN 17 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2004.09.013 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 887TW UT WOS:000226329400017 ER PT J AU Salvat, F Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Salvat, F Jablonski, A Powell, CJ TI ELSEPA - Dirac partial-wave calculation of elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms, positive ions and molecules SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Dirac partial-wave analysis; electron elastic scattering; positron elastic scattering; differential cross sections; momentum transfer cross sections; transport cross sections; scattering amplitudes; spin polarization; scattering by complex potentials; high-energy atomic screening functions ID SPIN POLARIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY ELECTRONS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; NUCLEI; POTENTIALS; APPROXIMATIONS; AMPLITUDES; MODEL AB The FORTRAN 77 code system ELSEPA for the calculation of elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms, positive ions and molecules is presented. These codes perform relativistic (Dirac) partial-wave calculations for scattering by a local central interaction potential V (r). For atoms and ions, the static-field approximation is adopted, with the potential set equal to the electrostatic interaction energy between the projectile and the target, plus an approximate local exchange interaction when the projectile is an electron. For projectiles with kinetic energies up to 10 keV, the potential may optionally include a semiempirical correlation-polarization potential to describe the effect of the target charge polarizability. Also, for projectiles with energies less than 1 MeV, an imaginary absorptive potential can be introduced to account for the depletion of the projectile wave function caused by open inelastic channels. Molecular cross sections are calculated by means of a single-scattering independent-atom approximation in which the electron density of a bound atom is approximated by that of the free neutral atom. Elastic scattering by individual atoms in solids is described by means of a muffin-tin model potential. Partial-wave calculations are feasible on modest personal computers for energies up to about 5 MeV. The ELSEPA code also implements approximate factorization methods that allow the fast calculation of elastic cross sections for much higher energies. The interaction model adopted in the calculations is defined by the user by combining the different options offered by the code. The nuclear charge distribution can be selected among four analytical models (point nucleus, uniformly charged sphere, Fermi's distribution and Helm's uniform-uniform distribution). The atomic electron density is handled in numerical form. The distribution package includes data files with electronic densities of neutral atoms of the elements hydrogen to lawrencium (Z = 1-103) obtained from multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock self-consistent calculations. For comparison purposes, three simple analytical approximations to the electron density of neutral atoms (corresponding to the Thomas-Fermi, the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac and the Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater models) are also included. For calculations of elastic scattering by ions, the electron density should be provided by the user. The exchange potential for electron scattering can be selected among three different analytical approximations (Thomas-Fermi, Fumess-McCarthy, Riley-Truhlar). The offered options for the correlation-polarization potential are based on the empirical Buckingham potential. The imaginary absorption potential is calculated from the local-density approximation proposed by Salvat [Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003) 012708]. C1 Univ Barcelona, IEC, Fac Fis, ECM,Societat Cataluna Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Barcelona, IEC, Fac Fis, ECM,Societat Cataluna Fis, Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM cesc@ecm.ub.es RI Salvat, Francesc/F-8255-2016 OI Salvat, Francesc/0000-0002-6162-8841 NR 47 TC 202 Z9 205 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 2 BP 157 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.09.006 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 888SU UT WOS:000226395300005 ER PT J AU Day, RD Christopher, SJ Becker, PR Whitaker, DW AF Day, RD Christopher, SJ Becker, PR Whitaker, DW TI Monitoring mercury in the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRENATAL METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; STABLE-ISOTOPE SIGNATURES; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; METHYL MERCURY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ORGANIC MERCURY; CATHARACTA-SKUA; MARINE TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; TROPHIC STATUS AB The validity of using blood samples and keratinized scutes for nonlethal routine monitoring of mercury (Hg) in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, is evaluated in the context of how effectively these matrixes predict internal tissue Hg burdens and the different temporal scales of exposure they represent. Total Hg (THg) was measured in blood and scutes collected from live captures (n = 34) and liver, kidney, muscle, spinal cord, blood, and scutes collected from freshly stranded loggerhead turtles In = 6) along the coast of the southeastern United States. Linear regressions between monitoring compartments and internal tissues from stranded animals were all statistically significant (r(2) > 0.805, P < 0.015) but varied in their utility as a predictive tool depending on which tissues were paired. Blood was an effective predictor of THg in muscle r(2) = 0.988, p < 0.0001) and spinal cord (r(2) = 0.988, p < 0.0001), while scute was the most accurate predictor of THg in liver (r(2) = 0.948, p = 0.0010). The strength of the relationship between tissues types is believed to reflect the similarity in the temporal scales they represent and the variability in the fraction of methylmercury present. The stability of Hg in the scute matrix makes this tissue preferable for approximating long-term exposure, while blood Hg levels can be affected by recent changes in Hg intake. THg levels in blood and scutes from live captures were highly correlated (linear regression r(2) = 0.926, p < 0.0001) and increased significantly with body mass (r(2) = 0.173, p= 0.016 and r(2) = 0.187, p = 0.012 respectively), further supporting that there is a component reflecting long-term accumulation of Hg in these matrixes. We also present a novel technique using the residuals from the blood-scute regression as an index of recent exposure (IRE). The interpretation of this value is derived from the comparison between the most recent Hg intake (which contributes to the Hg measured in the blood) relative to the average past intake (which is recorded in the scute). A stepwise multiple regression revealed a significant positive relationship between the IRE and the proximity of the capture site to the nearest major industrial river mouth (p = 0.0102). This suggests that there is an elevation of bioavailable Hg in nearshore habitats where terrestrial influences and anthropogenic impacts are high. Seasonal foraging site fidelity and the variability in environmental Hg may explain the high intraspecific variability and occasional highly contaminated turtle seen in this and previous studies. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov NR 63 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1021/es049628q PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889KG UT WOS:000226441300015 PM 15707042 ER PT J AU Arzayus, KM Canuel, EA AF Arzayus, KM Canuel, EA TI Organic matter degradation in sediments of the York River estuary: Effects of biological vs. physical mixing SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CARBON PRESERVATION; REDOX OSCILLATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SUBESTUARY; SYSTEMS; ANOXIA; EUTROPHICATION; DECOMPOSITION AB We investigated the influence of biological and physical seabed disturbance on the degradation of bulk organic matter and source specific lipid biomarker compounds by measuring downcore changes in bulk elemental composition, bulk stable isotopic (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) signatures, and lipid biomarker compounds in sediment cores collected from two sites in the York River, a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. One site (LY) is influenced by biological mixing (bioturbation), restricted to the upper 15-20 cm, while the other site (POD) experiences intense, episodic physical mixing events that penetrate 50-100 cm into the sediment. We utilized a suite of auxiliary measurements to constrain the sources of organic matter, depositional environments, and general ages of the cores. Diagenetic modeling of total organic carbon and total nitrogen in sediments yielded higher apparent rate constants for POD than LY suggesting that the physical mixing regime promotes enhanced degradation of bulk organic matter. Apparent rate constants for select lipids representing distinct sources of organic matter were also higher at POD than LY for all but the most labile (i.e., diatom-derived fatty acids) biomarkers. Differences in stanol/stenol ratios also supported enhanced diagenesis of stenols at POD. The source-specific biomarkers, while useful in qualitatively identifying the sources of sedimentary organic matter, likely do not represent the full spectrum of its reactivity. However, based on our results, we hypothesize that the intense sediment disturbance at POD promotes degradation of more recalcitrant organic material, due to prolonged exposure to oxygen and other electron acceptors (e.g., NO3-, Mn and Fe oxides). In contrast, the degradation of more labile constituents is equally facilitated by biological and physical disturbance. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Arzayus, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM krisa.arzayus@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 2 BP 455 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.029 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 891GH UT WOS:000226568800015 ER PT J AU Coakley, KJ Simons, DS Leifer, AM AF Coakley, KJ Simons, DS Leifer, AM TI Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements of isotopic ratios: correction for time varying count rate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE drift correction; isotopic ratio; interpolation; secondary ion mass spectrometry; temporal variation; uncertainty analysis ID PARTICLES; URANIUM AB In secondary ion mass spectrometry measurement systems, the count rate of isotopes may vary in time as a particle is consumed during the analysis. Since isotopes are measured sequentially, this drift can introduce systematic error into the estimate of the ratio of any two isotopes. We correct the measurements for drift by aligning the time series of isotopic pairs using a linear interpolation approach. We estimate an isotopic ratio for each of two cases. In one case the time series of the more abundant isotope is aligned with respect to the time series of the less abundant isotope. In the second case the less abundant isotope is aligned with respect to the more abundant one. We average both of these estimates to get a drift-corrected estimate. We present an analytical formula for the random uncertainty of the isotopic ratio that accounts for correlation introduced by interpolation. We also present an approximate hypothesis test procedure to detect and quantify possible temporal variation of the measured isotopic ratio during a single analysis. In a Monte Carlo study, the performance of the methods is quantified based on analysis of simulated data with complexity similar to that of real data generated by a secondary ion mass spectrometer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Stat Engn, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coakley, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Stat Engn, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kevin.coakley@nist.gov; david.simons@nist.gov; andrew.leifer@nist.gov NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 240 IS 2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.10.008 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 888XL UT WOS:000226407400002 ER PT J AU Liu, B Leone, SR Kitajima, T Zhang, TH Borca, C AF Liu, B Leone, SR Kitajima, T Zhang, TH Borca, C TI Imaging of defect-mediated surface morphology of GaN(000(1)over-bar) grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; GAN; WURTZITE; KINETICS; DISLOCATIONS; MICROSCOPY; GAN(0001); POLARITY AB In situ scanning tunneling microscopy and ex situ atomic force microscopy are used to study the surface morphology of GaN(000 (1) over bar ) grown on sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Several types of defect-mediated surface morphologies are characterized, including surface terminations of screw and mixed dislocations, defect-induced grooves, and impurity-induced step bunching. In addition to the early theory of dislocation-enhanced crystal growth developed by Frank [F. C. Frank, Acta Crystallogr 4, 497 (1951)] step structures are also found to be critical to understand the formation of spiral growth hillocks around surface terminations of different types of threading dislocations. Growth experiments are also performed under different conditions, e.g., by varying III/V flux ratio and growth temperature to further investigate the relationship between the final surface morphology and the early stages of growth, such as sapphire nitridation and the transition stage from the three-dimensional buffer layer growth under nitrogen-rich conditions to the two-dimensional active layer growth under slightly Ga-rich conditions. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Def Acad Japan, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 2 AR 023509 DI 10.1063/1.1839636 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DW UT WOS:000226700500023 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Jin, FF AF Solomon, A Jin, FF TI A study of the impact of off-equatorial warm pool SST anomalies on ENSO cycles SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; UPPER OCEAN 1950-95; 1997-98 EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LA-NINA AB Concurrent with most large El Ni (n) over tildeo events, cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are observed over the western Pacific warm pool region (WPWP). Observational evidence that SST anomalies that form in the off-equatorial western Pacific during El Ni (n) over tildeo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles are forced by subsurface ocean processes equatorward of 12degreesN and air-sea fluxes poleward of 12degreesN is presented. It is demonstrated that diurnal mixing in the ocean equatorward of 12degreesN plays a significant role in bringing subsurface temperature anomalies to the sea surface during an El Ni (n) over tildeo event. The role of SST anomalies equatorward of 12degreesN in ENSO cycles is tested in the Zebiak-Cane Coupled model, modified to allow for the impact of subsurface temperatures on SSTs. This coupled model successfully simulates cold SST anomalies in the off-equatorial northwestern Pacific that are observed to occur during the warm phase of ENSO and the atmospheric response to these anomalies, which is composed of both westerlies in the central Pacific and easterlies in the far western equatorial Pacific. It is found that there is little net change in the zonal mean wind stress at the equator. suggesting that the westerlies cancel the impact of the easterlies oil the basin-scale tilt of the equatorial zonal mean thermocline depth. The anomalous westerly winds in the central equatorial Pacific are found to increase the amplitude of an El Ni (n) over tildeo event directly by increasing anomalous warm zonal advection and reducing upwelling. moreover. the off-equatorial anticyclonic wind stress associated with the cold SST anomalies during the warm phase of ENSO tends to reduce the discharge of the equatorial heat content. Thus, the coupled processes over tire western Pacific warm pool can serve as a positive feedback to amplify ENSO cycles. C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, 325 Broadway,R-CDCI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Amy.Solomon@noaa.gov RI Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 274 EP 286 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3269.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899JY UT WOS:000227141900002 ER PT J AU Mastro, MA Kryliouk, OM Anderson, TJ Davydov, A Shapiro, A AF Mastro, MA Kryliouk, OM Anderson, TJ Davydov, A Shapiro, A TI Influence of polarity on GaN thermal stability SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE decomposition; polarity; thermal stability; gallium nitride ID DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISM; SURFACES; DIODES AB A comparative study of the stability of Ga- and N-polar GaN films was made in different gas ambients (N-2, H-2, NH3, HCl). The Ga-polar films were observed to undergo a dissociative sublimation, while the N-polar films formed condensed Ga in addition to the gaseous species. The difference in polarity affects the morphology and bonding on the surface, and thus, stability of the atoms bonded to the surface. (C) NO4 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mastro, MA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Power Elect Mat Sect, 4555 Overlook Ave,SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 274 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.09.091 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 887YH UT WOS:000226340900006 ER PT J AU Huntrieser, H Heland, J Schlager, H Forster, C Stohl, A Aufmhoff, H Arnold, F Scheel, HE Campana, M Gilge, S Eixmann, R Cooper, O AF Huntrieser, H Heland, J Schlager, H Forster, C Stohl, A Aufmhoff, H Arnold, F Scheel, HE Campana, M Gilge, S Eixmann, R Cooper, O TI Intercontinental air pollution transport from North America to Europe: Experimental evidence from airborne measurements and surface observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; ASIAN EMISSIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; AIRCRAFT AB [ 1] During the airborne CONTRACE field experiment carried out in November 2001 a number of polluted layers of North American (NA) origin were observed in the free troposphere over Europe. For the first time, forecasts from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model were used to predict the NA pollution events and to direct a research aircraft very precisely into these polluted layers above Europe. Two of the NA pollution events are investigated here: one in detail ( case 19 November) and a second more briefly ( case 22 November). An exceptional result was that the first pollution plume could be traced with the model and trace gas measurements ( airborne and surface) for a period of one week, from the source region over the eastern United States to its decay over the Alps. On 14 - 15 November a warm conveyor belt lifted the leading edge of the pollution plume over the eastern United States to the mid troposphere where it remained during the transport over the Atlantic. On 19 November the plume was intersected with the research aircraft over Scandinavia at an altitude between 2 and 4 km. Elevated CO ( 170), O-3 (53), NOy (1.1), acetone (5.0), and SO2 (2.6) mixing ratios (nmol mol(-1)) were measured. A positive O-3-CO correlation was observed in the plume. The observations indicate that the enhanced levels of ozone were already produced near the source region over the eastern United States and not during the transit. In the next days one branch of the plume then turned to the south and descended to ground level over the Alpine region. Elevated O-3 (54 nmol mol(-1)) and CO (168 nmol mol(-1)) were observed at the mountain site Zugspitze ( southern Germany) during two days. At the Arosa Alpine site in Switzerland the highest daily ozone means of November 2001 were observed during this event. C1 DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Okoklimatol, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Univ Colorado, Aeron Lab, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. ETH, Inst Atmosphare & Klima, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. DWD, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Univ Rostock, Leibniz Inst Atmospharenphys EV, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. RP DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. EM heidi.huntrieser@dlr.de RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; NR 85 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D1 AR D01305 DI 10.1029/2004JD005045 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890YR UT WOS:000226548200002 ER PT J AU Wright, S Pellegrino, J Amy, G AF Wright, S Pellegrino, J Amy, G TI Humectant release from membrane materials SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE characterization; humectant; preconditioning; reverse osmosis; ultrafiltration AB We report the results of membrane filtration studies designed to measure the removal of humectant preservatives (expressed as total organic carbon) from new membrane samples. Membranes with different characteristic properties. that is. relative Molecular Mass cutoff and material chemistry, were filtered with deionized water under constant flux and feed water temperature (in either dead-end or cross-flow devices) to determine the area-normalized filtrate volume required to remove all of the measurable organic carbon. For specific cases. the effects of changing flux and feed water temperature are also reported. Release of humectants depends on the nominal relative molecular mass cutoff and the thickness (including support) of the membrane-complete removal is not simply predicted by a soaking time or measured volume of deionized water filtered through the membrane without regard to the flux. This report provides general guidance and a suggested measurement technique for monitoring the removal of membrane preservatives prior to membrane application studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Med Brigade 30th, CMR 442, APO, AP USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pellegrino, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.pellegrino@colorado.edu OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 246 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.07.030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 888AH UT WOS:000226346100012 ER PT J AU Ting, J Connor, J Ridder, S AF Ting, J Connor, J Ridder, S TI High-speed cinematography of gas-metal atomization SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE gas atomization; discrete Fourier transform; melt flow oscillation; aeroacoustically enhanced atomization ID WAKE-CLOSURE PHENOMENON AB A high-speed cinematographic footage of a 304L stainless steel gas atomization, recorded at the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), was analyzed using a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm. The analysis showed the gas atomization process possesses two prominent frequency ranges of melt oscillation (pulsation). A low-frequency oscillation in the melt flow occurring between 5.41 and 123 Hz, with a dominant frequency at 9.93 Hz, was seen in the recirculation zone adjacent to the melt orifice. A high-frequency melt oscillation range was observed above 123 Hz, and was more prominent one melt-tip-diameter downstream in the melt atomization image than upstream near the melt tip. This high-frequency range may reflect the melt atomization frequency used to produce finely atomized powder. This range also included a prominent high frequency at 1273 Hz, which dominated in the image further away downstream from the melt tip. This discrete high-frequency oscillation is most probably caused by the aeroacoustic "screech" phenomenon, intrasound (<20 kHz), a result of the atomizing gas jets undergoing flow resonance. It is hypothesized that this discrete intrinsic aeroacoustic tone may enhance melt breakup in the atomization process with evidence of this fact in the melt images. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ALCOA, Specialty Met Div, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NIST, Met Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ting, J (reprint author), ALCOA, Specialty Met Div, 100 Tech Dr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. EM jason.ting@alcoa.com NR 16 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2005 VL 390 IS 1-2 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.08.060 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 888KI UT WOS:000226372400057 ER PT J AU Lu, CG Koch, S Wang, N AF Lu, CG Koch, S Wang, N TI Determination of temporal and spatial characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves combining cross-spectral analysis and wavelet transformation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCES; CLIMATOLOGY; TURBULENCE; STRATOSPHERE; NETWORK AB [1] In combining cross-spectral analysis and wavelet transformation we demonstrate how temporal and spatial characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves can be extracted from observed winds and potential temperature. Applying this method to aircraft observational data, we are able to reconstruct a spectrum of high-frequency monochromatic gravity waves, which demonstrate many localized features such as wave growth, dissipation, and interaction. C1 Colorado State Univ, NOAA Res Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lu, CG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA Res Forecast Syst Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D1 AR D01109 DI 10.1029/2004JD004906 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890YQ UT WOS:000226548100002 ER PT J AU Cheng, XM Urazhdin, S Tchernyshyov, O Chien, CL Nikitenko, VI Shapiro, AJ Shull, RD AF Cheng, XM Urazhdin, S Tchernyshyov, O Chien, CL Nikitenko, VI Shapiro, AJ Shull, RD TI Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCOPIC SPIN-GLASSES; FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; CONDUCTANCE; REVERSAL; ALLOYS AB While magnetoresistance (MR) has generally been found to be symmetric in applied field in nonmagnetic or magnetic metals, we have observed antisymmetric MR in Co/Pt multilayers. Simultaneous domain imaging and transport measurements show that the antisymmetric MR is due to the appearance of domain walls that run perpendicular to both the magnetization and the current, a geometry existing only in materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. As a result, the extraordinary Hall effect gives rise to circulating currents in the vicinity of the domain walls that contributes to the MR. The antisymmetric MR and extraordinary Hall effect have been quantitatively accounted for by a theoretical model. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, XM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Cheng, Xuemei/D-2388-2010; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 OI Cheng, Xuemei/0000-0001-6670-4316; NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 AR 017203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.017203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 887LQ UT WOS:000226308000077 PM 15698126 ER PT J AU Schaetz, T Barrett, MD Leibfried, D Britton, J Chiaverini, J Itano, WM Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Wineland, DJ AF Schaetz, T Barrett, MD Leibfried, D Britton, J Chiaverini, J Itano, WM Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Wineland, DJ TI Enhanced quantum state detection efficiency through quantum information processing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; GATE AB We investigate theoretically and experimentally how quantum state-detection efficiency is improved by the use of quantum information processing (QIP). Experimentally, we encode the state of one Be-9(+) ion qubit with one additional ancilla qubit. By measuring both qubits, we reduce the state-detection error in the presence of noise. The deviation from the theoretically allowed reduction is due to infidelities of the QIP operations. Applying this general scheme to more ancilla qubits suggests that error in the individual qubit measurements need not be a limit to scalable quantum computation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schaetz, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tschaetz@mpq.mpg.de RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 1 AR 010501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.010501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 887LQ UT WOS:000226308000005 PM 15698054 ER PT J AU Yue, BH Huang, CY Nieh, MP Glinka, CJ Katsaras, J AF Yue, BH Huang, CY Nieh, MP Glinka, CJ Katsaras, J TI Highly stable phospholipid unilamellar vesicles from spontaneous vesiculation: A DLS and SANS study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHARGED SURFACTANT BILAYERS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS MIXTURES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CURVATURE ELASTICITY; BILE-SALT; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; CATIONIC SURFACTANTS; LIPID BILAYERS; TRANSITION AB Spontaneously formed unilamellar vesicles (ULV) composed of short- and long-chain phospholipids, dihexanoyl phosphorylcholine (DHPC) and dimyristoyl phosphorylcholine (DMPC), respectively, were doped with a negatively charged lipid, dimyristoyl phosphorylglycerol (DMPG), and studied with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Upon dilution, the spontaneous formation of vesicles was found to take place from bilayered micelles, or so-called "bicelles". SANS and DLS data show that ULV with narrow size distributions are highly stable at low lipid (C-1p < 0.50 wt %) and NaCl salt (C-s) concentrations. ULV size was found to be independent of both C-1p and C-s when they were below 0.33 and 0.5 wt %, respectively. Surface charge and salinity were found to be important factors in preparing ULV of a certain size. This observation is not in complete agreement with previous experimental results and cannot be completely explained with current theoretical predictions based on equilibrium calculations for catanionic surfactant mixtures. ULV size is found to be invariant over a wide range of temperatures, both below and above the phase-transition temperature, T-M, of DMPC, and was stable for periods of weeks and months, even after sonication. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Otto H York Dept Chem Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. CNR, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Otto H York Dept Chem Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM mhuang@adm.njit.edu OI Nieh, Mu-Ping/0000-0003-4462-8716; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177 NR 53 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 13 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 1 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.1021/jp047510q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 886FV UT WOS:000226213200083 PM 16851053 ER PT J AU Kashiwagi, T Du, FM Winey, KI Groth, KA Shields, JR Bellayer, SP Kim, H Douglas, JF AF Kashiwagi, T Du, FM Winey, KI Groth, KA Shields, JR Bellayer, SP Kim, H Douglas, JF TI Flammability properties of polymer nanocomposites with single-walled carbon nanotubes: effects of nanotube dispersion and concentration SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; single walled carbon nanotube; flammability ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-STABILITY; COMPOSITES; MECHANISM AB The effects of the dispersion and concentration of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) on the flammability of polymer/SWNT nanocomposites were investigated. The polymer matrix was poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the SWNT were dispersed using a phase separation ('coagulation') method. Dispersion of SWNTs in these nanocomposites was characterized by optical microscopy on a micrometer scale. Flammability properties were measured with a cone calorimeter in air and a gasification device in a nitrogen atmosphere. In the case where the nanotubes were relatively well-dispersed, a nanotube containing network structured layer was formed without any major cracks or openings during the burning tests and covered the entire sample surface of the nanocomposite. However, nanocomposites having a poor nanotube dispersion or a low concentration of the nanotubes (0.2% by mass or less) formed numerous black discrete islands with vigorous bubbling occurring between these islands. Importantly, the peak heat release rate of the nanocomposite that formed the network layer is about a half of those, which formed the discrete islands. It is proposed that the formation of the discrete islands is due to localized accumulation of the nanotubes as a result of fluid convection accompanying bubble formation and rise of the bubbles to the surface through the molten sample layer and bursting of the bubbles at the surface. The network layer acts as a heat shield to slow the thermal degradation of PMMA. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kashiwagi, T (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM takaswhi.kashiwagi@nist.gov OI Groth, Katrina/0000-0002-0835-7798 NR 24 TC 235 Z9 249 U1 3 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JAN 12 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 2 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.087 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 888XD UT WOS:000226406600018 ER PT J AU Fritsches, KA Brill, RW Warrant, EJ AF Fritsches, KA Brill, RW Warrant, EJ TI Warm eyes provide superior vision in swordfishes SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; BRAIN; TEMPERATURES; SENSITIVITY; CEPHALOPODS; ATLANTIC; HEATER; DIET AB Large and powerful ocean predators such as swordfishes, some tunas, and several shark species are unique among fishes in that they are capable of maintaining elevated body temperatures (endothermy) when hunting for prey in deep and cold water [1-3]. In these animals, warming the central nervous system and the eyes is the one common feature of this energetically costly adaptation [4]. In the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), a highly specialized heating system located in an extraocular muscle specifically warms the eyes and brain up to 10degreesC-15degreesC above ambient water temperatures [2, 5]. Although the function of neural warming in fishes has been the subject of considerable speculation [1, 6, 7], the biological significance of this unusual ability has until now remained unknown. We show here that warming the retina significantly improves temporal resolution, and hence the detection of rapid motion, in fast-swimming predatory fishes such as the swordfish. Depending on diving depth, temporal resolution can be more than ten times greater in these fishes than in fishes with eyes at the same temperature as the surrounding water. The enhanced temporal resolution allowed by heated eyes provides warm-blooded and highly visual oceanic predators, such as swordfishes, tunas, and sharks, with a crucial advantage over their agile, cold-blooded prey. C1 Univ Queensland, Vis Touch & Hearing Res Ctr, Queensland Brain Inst, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Lund Univ, Vis Grp, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Lund, Sweden. RP Fritsches, KA (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Vis Touch & Hearing Res Ctr, Queensland Brain Inst, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. EM kerstin.fritsches@uq.edu.au NR 23 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 12 U2 60 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.064 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 893JL UT WOS:000226715000025 PM 15649365 ER PT J AU Xu, C Wu, T Drain, CM Batteas, JD Beers, KL AF Xu, C Wu, T Drain, CM Batteas, JD Beers, KL TI Microchannel confined surface-initiated polymerization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE; GRADUAL VARIATION; BRUSHES; POLYMERS; STYRENE; GROWTH; FLOW C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.beers@nist.gov RI Batteas, James/D-4144-2015 OI Batteas, James/0000-0002-6244-5000 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 11 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1021/ma048208i PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 885QX UT WOS:000226173100003 ER PT J AU Shaw, PS Gupta, R Lykke, KR AF Shaw, PS Gupta, R Lykke, KR TI Stability of photodiodes under irradiation with a 157-nm pulsed excimer laser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NM SPECTRAL RANGE; SILICON PHOTODIODES; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; RADIATION; RESPONSIVITY; DETECTORS; SIO2 AB We have measured the stability of a variety of photodiodes exposed to 157-nm light from a pulsed excimer laser by using a radiometry beamline at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The intense, pulsed laser light exposed the photodiodes, whereas the low-intensity, continuously tunable light from the synchrotron source measured changes in the characteristics of the photodiodes, such as in the responsivity and the reflectance from the surface of a photodiode. Photodiodes studied include both silicon pn-junction and Schottky-barrier types. Among these photodiodes, we found that the damage mechanism for photodiodes with SiO2-based passivating layers is mainly the buildup of SiO2-Si interface trap states. The interface trap state buildup is well known for other semiconductor devices and is generally recognized as a product induced by radiation with an energy more than the 9-eV SiO2 bandgap energy rather than the 7.9-eV energy of the 157-nm radiation. Based on the generation of interface trap states, a model is proposed to describe the dependence of detector responsivity on exposure to 157-mn radiation. We also observed slow recovery in some of the damaged photodiodes, confirming that some of the interface trap states are only semipermanent. Radiation damage induced by low-power continuous 157-nm synchrotron light was also studied. As for the other photodiodes with no SiO2 layers, measurement results support the assumption that the changes in responsivity are due mainly to the deposition of thin layers on the tops of the detectors during laser irradiation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw@nist.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000197 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 887QJ UT WOS:000226320300005 PM 15678771 ER PT J AU Churnside, JH Ostrovsky, LA AF Churnside, JH Ostrovsky, LA TI Lidar observation of a strongly nonlinear internal wave train in the Gulf of Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE OCEANIC LAYER; SCATTERING LAYERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SULU SEA; EVOLUTION; SOLITONS AB This paper demonstrates the observation of what appears to be a partially developed solitary internal wave group using an airborne lidar over the Gulf of Alaska. The probable generation mechanism is the interaction of the tide with the continental shelf 130 km away. Detection by lidar was possible because of a planktonic layer associated with a shallow pycnocline. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov; lev.a.ostrovsky@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1080/01431160410001735076 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 893NH UT WOS:000226726000011 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A Powell, CJ TI The backscattering factor in Auger-electron spectroscopy: New approach for an old subject SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; Auger ejection; electron bombardment; electron-solid interactions; silicon; copper; silver; gold ID K-SHELL IONIZATION; MEAN FREE PATHS; EXCITATION DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; LOW ENERGIES; AES; XPS AB We describe an algorithm for the calculation of backscattering factors in Auger-electron spectroscopy that, unlike most previous analyses, is not based on the assumption of the probability of inner-shell ionization being independent of depth. Illustrative BF results from Monte Carlo simulations are presented for four Auger transitions (Si KL23L23, Cu L3M45M45, Ag M5N45N45, and Au M5N67N67 in the corresponding elemental solids) with primary-electron energies between 0.5 keV and 10 keV, normal incidence of the primary electrons, and Auger electrons emitted at angles between 10degrees and 80degrees with respect to the surface normal. Our calculated backscattering factors agree with values obtained from an empirical formula of Shimizu [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 22 (1983) 1631] to better than 4% for the Si KL23L23 transition and better than 11% for the other three transitions. This degree of agreement is considered satisfactory on account of the fact that data of higher accuracy are now available for needed parameters. We find that the backscattering factor varies with Auger-electron emission angle. This variation can be up to 6.7% for primary energies between 3 keV and 10 keV. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM jablo@ichf.edu.pt NR 52 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2005 VL 574 IS 2-3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.030 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 892PR UT WOS:000226663000015 ER PT J AU Boyer, TP Levitus, S Antonov, JI Locarnini, RA Garcia, HE AF Boyer, TP Levitus, S Antonov, JI Locarnini, RA Garcia, HE TI Linear trends in salinity for the World Ocean, 1955-1998 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; PAST 4 DECADES; FRESH-WATER; INTERPENTADAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE SALINITY; SEA; PACIFIC AB [ 1] Quality controlled oceanographic profile salinity measurements from the World Ocean Database 2001 ( WOD01) were used to calculate linear trends of zonally averaged salinity anomalies for running five year periods from 1955 - 1959 through 1994 - 1998 for the World Ocean and the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean basins from the surface to 3000 meters depth. Each basin exhibits large-scale, coherent trends. Most of the Pacific is freshening with the exception of the subtropical South Pacific. The Atlantic exhibits a deep freshening in the subpolar gyre and a shallower, more intense increase in salinity in the tropics and subtropics. The Indian Ocean is becoming more saline at all latitudes in the upper 150 meter layer, with a subsurface freshening between 40 degrees S and the equator in the 250 - 1000 meter layer. There is freshening in both the Weddell and Ross Seas. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Boyer, TP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, D-OC5,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tim.boyer@noaa.gov; sydney.levitus@noaa.gov; john.antonov@noaa.gov; ricardo.locarnini@noaa.gov; hernan.garcia@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 AR L01604 DI 10.1029/2004GL021791 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 890KR UT WOS:000226510600004 ER PT J AU Canty, T Riviere, ED Salawitch, RJ Berthet, G Renard, JB Pfeilsticker, K Dorf, M Butz, A Bosch, H Stimpfle, RM Wilmouth, DM Richard, EC Fahey, DW Popp, PJ Schoeberl, MR Lait, LR Bui, TP AF Canty, T Riviere, ED Salawitch, RJ Berthet, G Renard, JB Pfeilsticker, K Dorf, M Butz, A Bosch, H Stimpfle, RM Wilmouth, DM Richard, EC Fahey, DW Popp, PJ Schoeberl, MR Lait, LR Bui, TP TI Nighttime OClO in the winter Arctic vortex SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; NASA ER-2 AIRCRAFT; OZONE LOSS RATES; POLAR VORTEX; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; TRACE-GAS; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; COLUMN ABUNDANCES; MCMURDO-STATION AB We show that a nighttime profile of OClO in the Arctic vortex during the winter of 2000 is overestimated, by nearly a factor of 2, using an isentropic trajectory model constrained by observed profiles of ClOx (ClO + 2 x ClOOCl) and BrO. Calculated abundances of nighttime OClO are shown to be sensitive to the abundance of BrOx (BrO + BrCl), details of the air parcel history during the most recent sunrise/sunset transitions, and the BrCl yield from the reaction BrO + ClO. Many uncertainties are considered, and the discrepancy between measured and modeled nighttime OClO appears to be robust. This discrepancy suggests that production of OClO occurs more slowly than implied by standard photochemistry. If the yield of BrCl from the reaction of BrO + ClO is increased from 7% (JPL 2002 value) to 11% (near the upper limit of the uncertainty), good agreement is found between measured and modeled nighttime OClO. This study highlights the importance of accurate knowledge of BrO + ClO reaction kinetics as well as air parcel trajectories for proper interpretation of nighttime OClO. These factors have a considerably smaller impact on the interpretation of OClO observations obtained during twilight (90degrees less than or equal to SZA less than or equal to 92degrees), when photolytic processes are still active. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Canty, T (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 183-601, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM tcanty@jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D1 AR D01301 DI 10.1029/2004JD005035 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890KY UT WOS:000226511300001 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Yang, ZL Stoffa, PL Sen, MK AF Xia, YL Yang, ZL Stoffa, PL Sen, MK TI Using different hydrological variables to assess the impacts of atmospheric forcing errors on optimization and uncertainty analysis of the CHASM surface model at a cold catchment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BALANCE COMPLEXITY; MIDLATITUDE SOIL-MOISTURE; MACROSCALE WATER FLUXES; LONG-WAVE-RADIATION; REDUCED FORM MODEL; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; PARAMETRIZATION SCHEMES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PILPS PHASE-2(E) AB Estimation of parameters for land-surface models, along with their corresponding uncertainties, relies on the input data for the atmospheric forcing variables including atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and incoming shortwave and longwave radiation. Most studies assume that forcing data are accurate and contain no random or systematic observational errors. In practice, there are indeed systematic errors in precipitation measurements, especially for snowfall, due to wind-caused undercatch. Incoming shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes are often not directly measured, but estimated from empirical formulations. Uncertainties in these forcing data may substantially affect optimization and uncertainty estimates of land surface models. In this study, we used 18-year forcing and calibration data as well as information about the uncertainties in the forcing variables at Valdai, Russia, to study the impacts of forcing errors on selection of optimal model parameters and their uncertainty estimates when three different hydrological variables were used for calibration. The results show that forcing errors have few effects on the selection of optimal model parameter sets when monthly evapotranspiration and runoff are calibrated. However, forcing errors do introduce significant effects on the selection of optimal model parameters when daily snow water equivalent is calibrated. Forcing errors also significantly affect uncertainty estimates of the land surface model parameters. In addition, constraints of forcing errors are different when different hydrological variables are calibrated. All three hydrological variables constrain the incoming longwave radiation error well, and the snow water equivalent and runoff constrain winter snowfall errors well. However, all three hydrological variables cannot constrain the incoming solar radiation error well. We highlight in this study that runoff is shown to be a good observable to use for calibration, the reason being that it integrates multiple hydrological processes; and the results support the theory that typical rain/snow gauges have 10-20% undercatch. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Texas, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI Stoffa, Paul/C-4980-2008; Sen, Mrinal/G-5938-2010; Sen, Mrinal /B-5426-2011; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 4 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D1 AR D01101 DI 10.1029/2004JD005130 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890KY UT WOS:000226511300002 ER PT J AU Levin, I Prosandeev, SA Maslar, JE AF Levin, I Prosandeev, SA Maslar, JE TI Effects of 1 : 1 B-cation order on Raman scattering in complex perovskites AB ' B-0.5 '' O-0.5(3) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA AB Effects of 1:1 B-cation ordering on Raman spectra were analyzed for a double-perovskite CaAl0.5Nb0.5O3 substituted with 5 mol % CaTiO3. Raman measurements were conducted on a series of well-equilibrated polycrystalline samples quenched from various annealing temperatures to produce a broad range of a cation order parameter, eta. The results demonstrated surprisingly different sensitivities of the ordering-related Raman-active modes, F-2g, E-g, and A(1g), to the variations of eta. The differences were attributed to a dissimilar coupling of these vibrations to the mean value (eta(e)) and to the fluctuations (Deltaeta) of eta(eta=eta(e)+Deltaeta). In particular, the integrated intensities of both the F-2g and E-g Raman peaks were found to depend primarily on eta(e), while that of the A(1g) peak appeared to be strongly influenced by Deltaeta. These differences were ascribed to the distinct symmetries of the three modes: Only the A(1g) mode has the same symmetry as eta resulting in linear coupling of these oxygen displacements to eta. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 AR 011919 DI 10.1063/1.1845571 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893ED UT WOS:000226701200039 ER PT B AU Tsai, BK Kreider, KG Kimes, WA AF Tsai, BK Kreider, KG Kimes, WA GP IEEE TI Calibration of a low-temperature cable-less lightpipe pyrometer on the NIST post-exposure bake test bed SO 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED THERMAL PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS - RTP 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductor CY OCT 04-07, 2005 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc ID THIN-FILM THERMOCOUPLES AB The advent of the cable-less lightpipe radiation thermometer (CLRT) has resulted in a significant improvement in the accuracy of lightpipe radiation thermometer calibrations and measurements. CLRT systems show great promise in noncontact measurements by the elimination of the uncertainties caused by the long fiber optic cables and their connections and by the extension of the spectral range to handle low-temperature applications down to room temperature. A CLRT was first calibrated with the oil-bath and water-bath blackbody sources from 40 degrees C to 180 degrees C. Then the CLRT was compared to thin-film thermocouples and platinum resistance thermometers on a silicon wafer heated in a Post-Exposure Bake (PEB) Test Bed. Comparison of the CLRT with both the blackbody and thermocouple standards provides confidence in using CLRTs and allows researchers to continue research into improving the accuracy and feasibility of applying CLRTs in semiconductor processing. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9223-X PY 2005 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BDX17 UT WOS:000235927800026 ER PT B AU Hanssen, LM Tsai, BK Mekhontsev, SN AF Hanssen, LM Tsai, BK Mekhontsev, SN GP IEEE TI Infrared emittance measurements at NIST SO 13th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductors - RTP 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Thermal Processing of Semiconductor CY OCT 04-07, 2005 CL Santa Barbara, CA SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB A new capability for the measurement of the temperature-dependent emittance of specular samples in the near infrared spectral region has been developed in NIST's Infrared Spectrophotometry Laboratory to provide emittance measurements and standards for a broad range of applications including rapid thermal processing (RTP). Our approach employs the indirect measurement of reflectance and transmittance measurements to obtain emittance. A vacuum goniometer system controls the sample environment and measurement geometry. The main system, including the sample, is contained in a vacuum chamber that enables characterization of materials otherwise susceptible to oxidation. Details of the lasers, sources, detectors, and other optics in the system are given. The system has initially been used to characterize the spectral emittance (by reflectance) of a variety of semiconductor wafer samples including bare silicon and silicon substrates coated with SiO2, Si3N4, and polysilicon films. The spectral range for these measurements is from 600nm to 1100nm, where Si is opaque; the temperature range is ambient to 800 degrees C. The results are analyzed and compared with those predicted by several models from the literature. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanssen, LM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9223-X PY 2005 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BDX17 UT WOS:000235927800028 ER PT S AU Dyer, SD Williams, PA Espejo, RJ Kofler, JD Etzel, SM AF Dyer, SD Williams, PA Espejo, RJ Kofler, JD Etzel, SM BE Voet, M Willsch, R Ecke, W Jones, J Culshaw, B TI Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements SO 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors CY MAY 23-27, 2005 CL Brugge, BELGIUM SP I D FOS Res, Fibre Opt Sensors & Sensing Syst, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Network Excellence Micro Opt, SCK CEN, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, FWO, FNRS, Export Flanders, Flanders Foreign Investment Off, ESF, European Opt Soc, Inst Phys, IEEE, SPIE, Inst Measurement & Control UK, IEEE LEOS, Opt Soc Amer, AMA German Sensor Technol Assoc, DGaO German Soc Appl Opt, OptecNet German Network Competence Opt Photon Technologies, Sensors Web Portal DE calibration; fiber Bragg gratings; fiber-optic sensors; metrology ID SENSORS AB We discuss the fundamental limits of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wavelength metrology. High-accuracy wavelength measurements are critical for FBG strain sensors because a wavelength measurement uncertainty as small as I pin leads to an uncertainty of nearly 1 microstrain. We compare the measurement uncertainties for several common wavelength-measurement systems, including tunable laser, optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), and interferometric. We show that when using an OSA it is difficult to achieve a measurement uncertainty better than 10 pm, and if the OSA is not accurately calibrated to a known wavelength reference, then the wavelength measurement uncertainty can be as large as I rim. We describe the uncertainties involved in determining peak and/or centroid wavelength from a measured data set. We also discuss calibration references for FBG sensor interrogation units. Wavelength references that are based on molecular absorption lines are often an excellent choice for FBG sensor calibration. However, some interrogation units require a wavelength reference unit based on narrow reflection lines rather than absorption lines. We investigated the application of athermally packaged FBGs as wavelength references, but we found that their wavelengths will drift with time and can undergo large jumps. We concluded that it is difficult to achieve stability better than 4 pm/year in athermally packaged FBGs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5855-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5855 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.623444 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCV71 UT WOS:000231443000021 ER PT B AU Ferraris, C AF Ferraris, Chiara BE Yu, ZW Shi, C Khayat, KH Xie, YJ TI Concrete rheology: What is it and why do we need it? SO 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete SE RILEM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete CY MAY 26-28, 2005 CL Changsha, PEOPLES R CHINA AB The design of concrete with specified properties for an application is not a new science, but it has taken on a new meaning with the wide use of self compacting concrete (SCC). In this industry, general terms such as "flow under its own weight" and "filling capacity", or workability, flowability, compactibility, stability, finishability, pumpability, and/or consistency are currently used interchangeably without a definition based on fundamental measurements of properties. Several attempts have been made to better relate fresh concrete properties with measurable quantities. Some researchers treated fresh concrete as a fluid and used fluid rheology methods to describe concrete flow. This approach, the most fundamental one, is reviewed in this paper. The main topics that will be addressed are: 1) Review the fundamental definitions of quantities used to uniquely describe the flow of concrete; 2) Give an overview of the tests that are commonly used to measure the rheology of fresh concrete, partially based also on the completed comparison of concrete rheometers sponsored by ACI; 3) Describe methods to predict the flow of concrete from either composition or laboratory tests, including some simulation techniques developed at NIST. A conclusion will present some thoughts on research needed to design SCC with the flow properties required for a given application. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Khayat, Kamal/D-4255-2016 OI Khayat, Kamal/0000-0003-1431-0715 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU R I L E M PUBLICATIONS PI BAGNEUX PA 157 RUE DES BLAINS, 92220 BAGNEUX, FRANCE BN 2-912143-61-6 J9 RILEM PROC PY 2005 VL 42 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1617/2912143624.023 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BFM88 UT WOS:000243127200023 ER PT B AU Bostelman, RV Hong, TH Madhavan, R AF Bostelman, RV Hong, TH Madhavan, R GP IEEE TI Towards AGV safety and navigation advancement - Obstacle detection using TOF range camera SO 2005 12th International Conference on Advanced Robotics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Advanced Robotics CY JUL 17-20, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE DE 3D range camera; real-time; safety standard; ground truth; obstacle segmentation AB The performance evaluation of an obstacle detection and segmentation algorithm for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) navigation using a 3D real-time range camera is the subject of this paper. Our approach has been tested successfully on British safety standard recommended object sizes and materials placed on the vehicle path. The segmented (mapped) obstacles are then verified using absolute measurements obtained using a relatively accurate 2D scanning laser rangefinder. Sensor mounting and sensor modulation issues will also be described through representative data sets. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, RV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9177-2 PY 2005 BP 460 EP 467 PG 8 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BDM50 UT WOS:000234272400068 ER PT S AU Cho, GR Chang, PH Park, SH AF Cho, Gun Rae Chang, Pyung-Hun Park, Sang Hyun GP IEEE TI Robust trajectory control of robot manipulators using Time Delay Estimation and Internal Model Concept SO 2005 44TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL & EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Conference on Decision and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th IEEE Conference on Decision Control/European Control Conference (CCD-ECC) CY DEC 12-15, 2005 CL Seville, SPAIN SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, European Union Control Assoc, IFAC, INFORMS, SIAM, SICE, Honeywell, MathWorks AB This paper proposes an enhanced controller, using Time Delay Estimation(TDE) and Internal Model Control(IMC) concept for robot manipulators. The proposed controller has a compensator based on IMC to improve robustness of Time Delay Control (TDC) against friction; it is effective enough to handle bad effect of friction, moreover, simple and efficient as to match positive attribute of TDC. The controller with TDE, does not need whole model of plants, thus, it is easily applicable. The analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller against the friction effects of the robot manipulators. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cho, GR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cho@boulder.nist.gov; chang@lamar.colostate.edu; park@nrim.go.jp NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1546 BN 0-7803-9567-0 J9 IEEE DECIS CONTR P PY 2005 BP 3199 EP 3206 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFB21 UT WOS:000240653703017 ER PT B AU Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Albus, J Messina, E Barbera, T Balakirsky, S AF Schlenoff, C Madhavan, R Albus, J Messina, E Barbera, T Balakirsky, S GP IEEE TI Fusing disparate information within the 4D/RCS architecture SO 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) CY JUL 25-28, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE 4D/RCS architecture; information representation and fusion; autonomous ground vehicle navigation ID COGNITION AB In this paper, we show how the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) architecture incorporates and integrates multiple types of disparate information into a common, unifying framework. 4D/RCS is based on the supposition that different information modeling techniques offer different advantages. 4D/RCS allows for the capability to capture information in formalisms and at levels of abstraction that are suitable for the way that they are expected to be used. In the context of applying the 4D/RCS architecture to achieving the ultimate goal of the control of autonomous ground vehicle navigation, we describe the procedural and declarative types of information that have been developed and their respective values towards achieving the goal. Experimental results of information fusion within the 4D/RCS architecture are presented from the Demo X eXperimental Unmanned Vehicles (XUVs) in an extended series of demonstrations and field tests. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9286-8 PY 2005 BP 1123 EP 1130 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDP88 UT WOS:000234830400150 ER PT B AU Obrzut, J Kano, K AF Obrzut, J Kano, K TI Non-linear dielectric testing at high AC voltages using waveforms and harmonics SO 2005 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE, Dielectr & Elect Insulat Soc ID LIQUIDS AB Complex impedance and non-linear response were measured for high-dielectric composite films at AC voltages using a waveform technique. With decreasing dielectric thickness, these materials operate at higher electric fields, which cause non-linear dielectric effects and lead to a time dependent dielectric-breakdown. The waveforms were Fourier transformed from time domain to frequency domain and analyzed at fundamental and higher order harmonic frequencies. It was found that the conventional epoxy resin laminates exhibit an impedance characteristic that is nearly independent on applied electric field, up to the material dielectric breakdown. When the electric field approaches near dielectric breakdown conditions, the second-order non-linear dielectric susceptibility decreases abruptly while the third harmonic response dominates non-linear dielectric behavior. In comparison, the impedance of dielectric materials made of organic resins and ferroelectric ceramics decreases continuously with increasing voltage. The non-linear dielectric effect is dominated by the third harmonic response that originates from a polarization reversal of the ferroelectric component. When the electric field approaches near dielectric breakdown conditions, again, the second-order non-linear dielectric susceptibility decreases abruptly. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9257-4 PY 2005 BP 573 EP 576 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BDX16 UT WOS:000235927000141 ER PT B AU Su, M Mirin, R AF Su, M Mirin, R GP IEEE TI Enhanced mode extraction in AlOx/GaAs microcavity pillars and circular gratings SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID QUANTUM BOXES C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Su, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 541 EP 543 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819900185 ER PT B AU Thomann, I Gagnon, E Jones, RJ Sandhu, AS Lytle, A Anderson, R Murnane, M Kapteyn, H AF Thomann, I Gagnon, E Jones, RJ Sandhu, AS Lytle, A Anderson, R Murnane, M Kapteyn, H GP IEEE TI Characterization of carrier-envelope phase noise from grating-based stretcher/compressors for chirped-pulse amplification SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID COMPRESSION; SYSTEM; FS AB We investigate carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stability of femtosecond pulses propagating through a grating based stretcher/compressor (SC) [1]. We do not find CEP noise intrinsic to the SC. Preliminary results on CEP stabilized amplified pulses are presented. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thomann, I (reprint author), JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 942 EP 944 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901058 ER PT B AU Pipino, ACR Aarts, IMP Hoefnagels, JPM Kessels, WMM van de Sanden, MCM AF Pipino, ACR Aarts, IMP Hoefnagels, JPM Kessels, WMM van de Sanden, MCM GP IEEE TI Recent advances in evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID RESONATOR AB Evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) is used to probe surface silanols (SiOH) and hydrogen-bonded water on an amorphous silica surface, revealing considerable ordering. A novel resonator for EW-CRDS of liquids is also described. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pipino, ACR (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Hoefnagels, Johan/G-5810-2011 OI Hoefnagels, Johan/0000-0001-8359-7575 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1064 EP 1066 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901100 ER PT B AU Hollberg, L AF Hollberg, L GP IEEE TI Optical atomic clocks: A revolution in performance SO 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB Optical atomic clocks using cold atoms, stable lasers and femtosecond laser frequency combs provide high accuracy and stability from RF to the ultraviolet. They have unprecedented performance: ultrahigh stability, sub-fs timing jitter, low-noise microwaves, and several new uses. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hollberg@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1243 EP 1245 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901161 ER PT B AU Wilpers, G Oates, CW Diddams, SA Bartels, A Oskay, WH Bergquist, JC Hollberg, L AF Wilpers, G Oates, CW Diddams, SA Bartels, A Oskay, WH Bergquist, JC Hollberg, L GP IEEE TI Ultra-high stability optical frequency standard based on laser-cooled neutral calcium SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD AB A beatnote between the Ca and Hg+ optical frequency standards via a mode-locked fs-laser frequency comb demonstrates the highest frequency stability measured to date. The high stability accelerates evaluation of the Ca standard's systematic shifts. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilpers, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 847-10,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1405 EP 1407 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901215 ER PT B AU Notcutt, M Hall, JL Ludlow, A Ye, J Ma, LS AF Notcutt, M Hall, JL Ludlow, A Ye, J Ma, LS GP IEEE TI Simple and compact Hz-level linewidth laser system via improved mounting configuration of a reference cavity SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY; YAG LASER; STABILIZATION; PHASE; ND AB We report a simple, robust 1-Hz linewidth laser system enabled by an improved mounting strategy for optical reference cavities used for laser frequency stabilization. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Notcutt, M (reprint author), JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1408 EP 1410 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819901216 ER PT B AU Roos, PA Li, YQ Smith, RP Pipis, JA Cundiff, ST AF Roos, PA Li, YQ Smith, RP Pipis, JA Cundiff, ST GP IEEE TI Carrier-envelope phase stabilization using single-pulse coherent control in a semiconductor SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; NONLINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY AB We demonstrate carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser using the phase-dependent photocurrent that results from interfering single- and two-photon quantum pathways in low-temperature-grown gallium arsenide. C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roos, PA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1626 EP 1628 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902025 ER PT B AU Kim, K Washburn, BR Wilpers, G Oates, CW Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Nicholson, JW Yan, MF AF Kim, K Washburn, BR Wilpers, G Oates, CW Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Nicholson, JW Yan, MF GP IEEE TI Stabilized frequency comb with a self-referenced femtosecond Cr : forsterite laser SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID ENVELOPE-OFFSET FREQUENCY; FIBER-LASER; ALL-FIBER; GENERATION; SUPERCONTINUUM; METROLOGY AB The frequency comb of a Cr:forsterite femtosecond laser is stabilized using the f-to-2f self-referencing technique. The frequency noise of the comb components at 1064, 13 14, and 1550nm differs significantly from the noise off. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1635 EP 1637 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902028 ER PT B AU Zen, JN Hanssen, L AF Zen, JN Hanssen, L GP IEEE TI IR optical scattering instrument with out-of-plane and retro-reflection capabilities SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID SURFACES AB An infrared (IR) optical scattering instrument for BRDF measurement has been developed at NIST with out-of-plane and retro-reflection capabilities. In this paper, a description of the BRDF instrument, its use of multi-wavelength sources (785 nm-10.6 mu m) and a retro-reflection measurement capability, and alignment techniques using a quadrant detector are presented. The related alignment results for the in- and out-of-plane geometries and reflectance of a gold mirror versus incident angle are also reported. The results of BRDF measurements for a concentric groove graphite radiator in the retro-reflection configuration are demonstrated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zen, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1882 EP 1884 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902111 ER PT B AU Newbury, NR Washburn, BR AF Newbury, NR Washburn, BR GP IEEE TI Frequency comb dynamics of a solitonic fiber laser: Theory SO 2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO), Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; STABILIZATION; METROLOGY; NOISE AB The effects of Raman scattering, self-steepening, and higher-order dispersion on a fiber-laser frequency comb are analyzed using perturbation theory. Transfer functions are derived for the comb response to change in cavity length or pump power. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1900 EP 1902 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902117 ER PT B AU Washburn, BR Fox, RW Swann, WC Newbury, NR Nicholson, JW Feder, K Westbrook, PS AF Washburn, BR Fox, RW Swann, WC Newbury, NR Nicholson, JW Feder, K Westbrook, PS GP IEEE TI A variable repetition rate frequency comb for infrared frequency metrology SO 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 22-27, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER AB A frequency comb generated by a mode-locked fiber laser of variable repetition rate is presented. The spacing of the frequency comb can be scanned while one comb tooth is phase-locked to a stable RF source. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM brianw@boulder.nist.gov OI Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-795-4 PY 2005 BP 1903 EP 1905 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BDP70 UT WOS:000234819902118 ER PT B AU Ye, J Jones, RJ Stowe, M Thorpe, MJ Moll, KD Marian, A Foreman, SM Notcutt, M Ludlow, A AF Ye, J Jones, RJ Stowe, M Thorpe, MJ Moll, KD Marian, A Foreman, SM Notcutt, M Ludlow, A GP IEEE TI Phase Coherent Manipulation of Light: From precision spectroscopy to extreme nonlinear optics SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA AB Phase control of wide-bandwidth optical frequency combs enables amazing capabilities in optical frequency measurement and synthesis, optical atomic clocks, united time-frequency spectroscopy, coherent pulse synthesis and manipulation, and deterministic studies in sub-cycle physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800001 ER PT B AU Newbury, NR Washburn, BP Swann, WC Nicholson, JW Feder, K Westbrook, PS AF Newbury, NR Washburn, BP Swann, WC Nicholson, JW Feder, K Westbrook, PS GP IEEE TI Fiber laser frequency combs and their control SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; ENVELOPE-OFFSET DYNAMICS; PHASE-CONTROL; METROLOGY; PULSES; SYSTEM AB Fiber laser-based frequency combs can provide a comb of well defined spectral lines across the near-infrared, including the telecommunication band. We discuss these frequency combs with an emphasis on the mechanisms used to phase-lock the combs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800032 ER PT B AU Ludlow, AD Ido, T Boyd, MM Zelevinsky, T Blatt, S Notcutt, M Foreman, S Ye, J AF Ludlow, AD Ido, T Boyd, MM Zelevinsky, T Blatt, S Notcutt, M Foreman, S Ye, J GP IEEE TI Optical frequency standards based on ultra-cold strontium atoms SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800037 ER PT B AU Oates, CW Hoyt, CW Barber, ZW Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Hollberg, L AF Oates, CW Hoyt, CW Barber, ZW Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Hollberg, L GP IEEE TI Absolute frequency measurements of the S-1(0)-P-3(0) optical clock transition at 578 nm in neutral Yb SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA AB With atoms cooled to < 84 mu K in a magneto-optic trap, we perform the first fs-laser-based absolute measurements (uncertainty < 5 kHz) of the Yb S-1(0)-P-3(0) clock transition at 578 nm for two different isotopes. C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Oates, CW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800038 ER PT B AU Ludlow, AD Notcutt, M Foreman, SM Ma, LS Hall, JL Ye, J AF Ludlow, AD Notcutt, M Foreman, SM Ma, LS Hall, JL Ye, J GP IEEE TI Laser stabilization of the local oscillator for an optical atomic clock SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800042 ER PT B AU Oskay, WH Itano, WM Bergquist, JC AF Oskay, WH Itano, WM Bergquist, JC GP IEEE TI Measurement of the quadrupole moment in the mercury ion optical clock SO 2005 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID HG-199(+) AB We report a measurement of the (199)Hg(+) 5d(9)6s(2) (2)D(5/2) electric quadrupole moment and discuss its implications for the accuracy of an optical clock based upon the (2)S(1/2)(F = 0) <-> (2)D(5/2)(F = 2) transition at 282 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oskay, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM berky@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800047 ER PT B AU Rosenband, T Schmidt, PO Koelemeij, JCJ Itano, WM Kobayashi, Y Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Bergquist, JC Wineland, DJ AF Rosenband, T Schmidt, PO Koelemeij, JCJ Itano, WM Kobayashi, Y Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Bergquist, JC Wineland, DJ GP IEEE TI Spectroscopy of a single Al+ ion via coupling to Be+ SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID OSCILLATOR AB We perform precision spectroscopy on (27)A1(+) with the aid of a Be-9(+) ion. Using sympathetic cooling and quantum state transfer, we efficiently interrogate the S-1(0) -> P-3(1) and S-1(0) -> P-3(0) transitions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rosenband, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800050 ER PT B AU Hollberg, L Diddams, SA Bartels, A McFerran, JJ Ivanov, EN Wilpers, G Oates, CW AF Hollberg, L Diddams, SA Bartels, A McFerran, JJ Ivanov, EN Wilpers, G Oates, CW GP IEEE TI Optical and microwave frequency stability: Some constraints SO 2005 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID STANDARDS AB Optical frequency references achieve the best frequency stability of any oscillators by taking advantage of high Q = v(0)/Delta v optical resonances. These systems are beginning to run into fundamental and technical limitations which are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hollberg@boulder.nist.gov RI McFerran, John/B-7445-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI McFerran, John/0000-0002-8662-0467; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800061 ER PT B AU Kim, K Washburn, BR Oates, CW Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Westbrook, PS Nicholson, JW Feder, KS AF Kim, K Washburn, BR Oates, CW Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Westbrook, PS Nicholson, JW Feder, KS GP IEEE TI Optical frequency metrology using spectrally tailored continuum from a nonlinear fiber grating SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA ID SUPERCONTINUUM; GENERATION; LASER AB We report the significant enhancement (similar to 24 dB) of the optical beat note between a 657-nm CW laser and the tailored continuum generated with a nonlinear fiber Bragg grating. The same continuum is used to stabilize the offset frequency of a Cr:forsterite femtosecond laser. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; OI Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800064 ER PT B AU Hudson, DD Holman, KW Jones, DJ Cundiff, ST Ye, J AF Hudson, DD Holman, KW Jones, DJ Cundiff, ST Ye, J GP IEEE TI Remote synchronization of mode-locked fiber lasers SO 2005 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 25-27, 2005 CL San Diego, CA AB Using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator and PZT we stabilize the repetition frequency of a fiber laser to a high-stability RF reference that is transmitted over a fiber network via optical pulses from a remote laser. C1 JILA, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hudson, DD (reprint author), JILA, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Jones, David/F-5859-2017 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8981-6 PY 2005 BP 151 EP 152 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCY18 UT WOS:000231847800074 ER PT S AU Amburgey, K AF Amburgey, Keith GP IEEE TI The merging of the US and European polar environmental satellite programs and its impact on NOAA SO 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2005 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2005 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The National Environinental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for the establishment and administration of funding for civil operational environmental satellite systems. As part of its planning to transition to a fully integrated international satellite system, NOAA entered into an agreement with the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Studies (EUMETSAT) for participation in Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS). In the IJPS Agreement, NOAA and EUMETSAT agree to operate their polar-orbiting satellites in a manner beneficial to both parties, as well as the world's meteorological community. The IJPS system allows NOAA to process and distribute the EUMETSAT satellite information as the NOAA morning operational satellite.(12) C1 NOAA, NESDIS Off Satellite Operat, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Amburgey, K (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Off Satellite Operat, FOB 4,Rm 0135,5200 Auth Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-8869-0 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2005 BP 1176 EP 1184 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BEN93 UT WOS:000238379001005 ER PT S AU Phillips, PJ Flynn, PJ Scruggs, T Bowyer, KW Chang, J Hoffman, K Marques, J Min, J Worek, W AF Phillips, PJ Flynn, PJ Scruggs, T Bowyer, KW Chang, J Hoffman, K Marques, J Min, J Worek, W BE Schmid, C Soatto, S Tomasi, C TI Overview of the face recognition grand challenge SO 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vol 1, Proceedings SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 20-25, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Over the last couple of years, face recognition researchers have been developing new techniques. These developments are being fueled by advances in computer vision techniques, computer design, sensor design, and interest in fielding face recognition systems. Such advances hold the promise of reducing the error rate in face recognition systems by an order of magnitude over Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) 2002 results. The Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) is designed to achieve this performance goal by presenting to researchers a six-experiment challenge problem along with data corpus of 50,000 images. The data consists of 3D scans and high resolution still imagery taken under controlled and uncontrolled conditions. This paper describes the challenge problem, data corpus, and presents baseline performance and preliminary results on natural statistics of facial imagery. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Flynn, Patrick/J-3388-2013; OI Flynn, Patrick/0000-0002-5446-114X; Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 7 TC 586 Z9 617 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7695-2372-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2005 BP 947 EP 954 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR44 UT WOS:000230923100127 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR Larsson, G Peric, BM Vojcic, BR AF Souryal, MR Larsson, G Peric, BM Vojcic, BR GP IEEE TI Soft-decision metrics for coded orthogonal signaling in symmetric alpha-stable noise SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5: SPEECH PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper derives new soft decision metrics for coded orthogonal signaling in symmetric alpha-stable noise, which has been used to model impulsive noise. In addition to the optimum metrics for Gaussian (alpha = 2) noise and Cauchy (alpha = 1) noise, a class of generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) metrics with lower side information requirements is derived. Through numerical results for a turbo code example, the Cauchy decoder is found to be robust for a wide range of alpha, and GLR metrics are found which provide performance gains relative to the Gaussian metric, but with lower complexity and less a priori information. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-8874-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2005 BP 697 EP 700 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BCI02 UT WOS:000229404202175 ER PT S AU Jefferts, SR Shirley, JH Ashby, N Heavner, TP Donley, EA Levi, F AF Jefferts, S. R. Shirley, J. H. Ashby, N. Heavner, T. P. Donley, E. A. Levi, F. GP IEEE TI On the power dependence of extraneous microwave fields in atomic frequency standards SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID CESIUM FOUNTAIN; ACCURACY EVALUATION; PHASE VARIATIONS; CAVITY; SHIFTS; CLOCKS AB We show that the frequency bias caused by distributed cavity phase has a strong dependence on microwave power. We also show that frequency biases associated with microwave leakage have distinct signatures in their dependence on microwave power and the physical location of the leakage interaction with the atom. C1 NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jefferts, SR (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573910 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500016 ER PT S AU Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Donley, EA Parker, TE Levi, F AF Heavner, T. P. Jefferts, S. R. Donley, E. A. Parker, T. E. Levi, F. GP IEEE TI A new microwave synthesis chain for the primary frequency standard NIST-F1 SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB We present the design and measurements of the microwave synthesis chain presently used in NIST-F1, the laser-cooled cesium fountain primary frequency standard in operation at NIST, Boulder, CO. The chain has been used in two accuracy evaluations of NIST-F1 (January 2005 and July 2005), each of which had a combined (Type A and Type B) fractional frequency uncertainty of similar to 0.5 x 10(-15). Additionally, this synthesis chain was in use during a recent calibration of this (199)Hg(+) optical clock transition against Cs, which had a fractional uncertainty of 9.1 x 10(-16). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Heavner, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM heavner@boulder.nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 308 EP 311 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573950 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500056 ER PT S AU Weiss, MA Petit, G Jiang, Z AF Weiss, M. A. Petit, G. Jiang, Z. GP IEEE TI A comparison of GPS common-view time transfer to all-in-view SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB All-in-view time transfer is being considered to replace common-view for computing the links of International Atomic Time (TAI). The components in all-in-view GPS time transfer that do not cancel as they do in the common-view technique are the satellite clock estimate and the ephemeris estimate. We show that these components average down as white phase noise with a typical level of 2 ns with 13 minute averaging and under 100 ps at 1 d. Looking at closures including stations in Europe, North America and Japan, we see evidence for a white PM level below 0.5 ns with an averaging time of I d, a flicker floor of 100 ps after 3 d, and systematic effects at a level of up to 1 us. We also show evidence that errors in ionospheric maps and multi-path interference can cause noise processes at least as dispersive as flicker phase noise at 300 ps from 1 d to past 10 d. We conclude that all-in-view GPS time transfer improves stability over common-view for links as long as 5000 kin, and is equivalent for links as short as 2500 km. We also find that ionosphere-free time transfer data may provide a significant improvement for averaging past 1 d. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Weiss, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573953 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500059 ER PT S AU Howe, DA Hati, A AF Howe, D. A. Hati, A. GP IEEE TI Low-noise X-band oscillator and amplifier technologies: Comparison and status' SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID ULTRA-LOW NOISE; REGENERATIVE FREQUENCY-DIVIDERS; PURITY MICROWAVE-OSCILLATOR; AIR-DIELECTRIC CAVITY; MODE-LOCKED LASER; LOW PHASE NOISE; OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR; FLICKER NOISE; DESIGN; RESONATOR AB This study compares the phase noise of different classes of oscillators and amplifiers that work at X-band. Bestin-class results are presented based on recent measurements at NIST. In particular, comparisons are made between mature technologies of multiplied quartz, sapphire dielectric in whispering gallery mode (WGM), and air-dielectric-resonator stabilized RF oscillators in contrast to various configurations of optical electronic oscillators (OEO), cavity-stabilized, and atom-stabilized optical-domain oscillators and femtosecond-laser-comb frequency synthesizers. This study also reports the status of classes of low-noise X-band amplifiers, since high-spectralpurity oscillators are constrained by amplifiers to varying degrees. Best-available low-noise X-band commercial amplifiers are compared with new feedforward, feedback, and array-gain test devices. Straight HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistors) and SiGe HBT technologies are compared in terms of phase noise. Results are for an operating frequency of 10 GHz. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573978 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500084 ER PT S AU Riddle, B Nelson, C AF Riddle, Bill Nelson, Craig GP IEEE TI Impedance control for critically coupled cavities SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Cavity resonators are often used in low phase noise oscillators that utilize carrier suppression. These oscillators are employed in systems that measure phase noise in frequencies as high as 100 GHz. In order to achieve the maximum suppression needed in these low noise designs, the cavity must be operated at critical coupling. However, this large coupling level loads the cavity, which significantly lowers its quality factor and shifts its resonant frequency. In this paper, we present a matching technique that can be used to minimize these loading effects by controlling the input impedance of the cavity and optimizing its response at resonance, thus producing the maximum amount of carrier suppression. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Riddle, B (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Bill.Riddle@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 488 EP 493 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573979 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500085 ER PT S AU Howe, DA LanFranchi, JL Cutsinger, L Hati, A Nelson, C AF Howe, D. A. LanFranchi, J. L. Cutsinger, L. Hati, A. Nelson, C. GP IEEE TI Vibration-induced PM noise in oscillators and measurements of correlation with vibration sensors' SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID SENSITIVITY AB We present data that show correlations between phase fluctuations in a low g-sensitive 10 NM oven-controlled quartz oscillator (OCXO) and acceleration/vibration sensors. We describe the equipment setup and measurement procedure. Data are in the form of scatter plots, which we find to be highly informative compared to usual L(f) plots when the oscillator is subjected to vibration. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 494 EP 498 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573980 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500086 ER PT S AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Nava, JF Howe, DA Walls, FL Ascarrunz, H Lanfranchi, J Riddle, B AF Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Garcia Nava, J. F. Howe, D. A. Walls, F. L. Ascarrunz, H. Lanfranchi, J. Riddle, B. GP IEEE TI W-band dual channel AM/PM noise measurement system - an update SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID AM NOISE; PM AB We discuss the performance of a W-band (92-96) GHz amplitude modulated (AM and phase modulated (PM) noise measurement system. The system uses two nearly identical channels to measure the residual noise in amplifiers in pulsed mode with a duty cycle of 10 % to 100 % (CW) at a given pulse repetition frequency (PRF). We describe details of the dual-channel measurement test set system and several design considerations that are essential for accurately extracting the device noise from measurement-system noise. We also discuss the modifications made to the synthesis scheme of the (92-96) GHz signal compared to the previous scheme. Finally, we present updated results for the source noise and the noise floor of the measurement system. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1573982 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500088 ER PT S AU Lombardi, MA Novick, AN Zhang, VS AF Lombardi, Michael A. Novick, Andrew N. Zhang, Victor S. GP IEEE TI Characterizing the performance of GPS disciplined oscillators with respect to UTC(NIST) SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID SYSTEMS AB Global Positioning System Disciplined Oscillators (GPSDOs) are now the primary standard of time and frequency at many laboratories and calibration facilities. They are typically accepted as self-calibrating standards, and their users generally assume that they meet the manufacturer's specifications. To gain a better understanding of the actual performance of GPSDOs this paper presents a method of characterizing both their long and short-term performance that uses the UTC(NIST) time scale as a reference. It then describes how this method is used to characterize four GPSDOs, including two that use an oven controlled quartz oscillator (OCXO) as their time base, and two equipped with a rubidium oscillator. All four devices were simultaneously tested using the same antenna over two 60 d measurement intervals. During the first 60 d measurement, a previously surveyed antenna position was used and the same coordinates were applied to all four devices. During the second 60 d measurement, each GPSDO performed an independent survey of the antenna's position and applied its own coordinates. Both the timing output (I pulse per second) and the frequency output (10 MHz) of each GPSDO was measured during both 60 d intervals. A low-noise dual mixer time difference system was used to characterize the short-term frequency stability of each device's 10 MHz output, and all measurement results are presented and summarized. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574017 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500123 ER PT S AU Lombardi, MA Novick, AN Lopez, JM Boulanger, JS Pelletier, R AF Lombardi, Michael A. Novick, Andrew N. Mauricio Lopez, Jose Boulanger, Jean-Simon Pelletier, Raymond GP IEEE TI The Inter-American Metrology System (SIM) common-view GPS comparison network SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID TIME TRANSFER AB The Inter-American Metrology System (SIM) consists of national metrology institutes in 34 member nations located throughout North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean region. Currently, at least ten SIM laboratories pursue time and frequency metrology, and are responsible for maintaining the national time and frequency standards for their respective countries. To benefit these laboratories and advance metrology in the SIM region, we have developed a measurement network to continuously intercompare these standards and to make the data readily accessible to all SIM members. This network utilizes the multi-channel common-view GPS technique and the near real-time exchange of data via the Internet. This paper discusses the challenges of implementing the SIM comparison network, and provides a technical description of the measurement system supplied to participating laboratories. It describes the method used to calibrate the SIM measurement systems, and describes how the measurement results are processed and reported to the laboratories. It presents data collected from comparisons between the national frequency and time standards located in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It validates these data by comparing them to data collected from previously established time links. It concludes with a discussion of the measurement uncertainties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM lombardi@nist.gov; mauricio.lopez@cenam.mx; jean-sitnon.boulanger@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500125 ER PT S AU Parker, TE Zhang, V AF Parker, T. E. Zhang, V. GP IEEE TI Sources of instabilities in two-way satellite time transfer SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA AB Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) has become an important component in the international system for comparing time and frequency over long distances. In order to make further improvements in the stability of TWSTFT a more complete understanding of the sources of instabilities is required. This paper analyzes several sources of instabilities, including environmental factors, ionospheric delay, satellite motion and the satellite transponder. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 745 EP 751 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574028 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500134 ER PT S AU Gerginov, V Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Liew, L Moreland, J Robinson, HG Holberg, L Kitching, J Brannon, A Breitbarth, J Popovic, Z AF Gerginov, V. Knappe, S. Schwindt, P. D. D. Shah, V. Liew, L. Moreland, J. Robinson, H. G. Holberg, L. Kitching, J. Brannon, A. Breitbarth, J. Popovic, Z. GP IEEE TI Component-level demonstration of a microfabricated atomic frequency reference SO 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition CY AUG 29-31, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID COHERENT MICROWAVE EMISSION; RAMSEY FRINGES; POPULATION-INVERSION; RAMAN TRANSITION; DARK LINE; RESONANCES; CESIUM; VAPOR; STANDARDS; CLOCK AB We demonstrate component-level functionality of the three critical subsystems for a miniature atomic clock based on microfabrication techniques: the physics package, the local oscillator and the control electronics. In addition, we demonstrate that these three components operating together achieve a short-term frequency instability of 6x10(-10)/root tau, with a total volume below 10 cm(3) and a power dissipation below 200 low. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gerginov, V (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-9052-0 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2005 BP 758 EP 766 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2005.1574030 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BEG11 UT WOS:000237191500136 ER PT B AU Scholtz, J Antonishek, B Young, J AF Scholtz, J Antonishek, B Young, J GP IEEE TI A field study of two techniques for situation awareness for robot navigation in urban search and rescue SO 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication CY AUG 13-15, 2005 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE Ind Elect Sovc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Rotot Soc Japan, NTF, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc DE human-robot interaction; urban search and rescue; situation awareness; critical incidents AB In this paper we examine the performance of robot systems that use two different techniques for situation awareness for operators of robots in an urban search and rescue (USAR) competition: an automatic mapping technique using sonar and laser sensors and the use of an overhead camera to provide a frame of reference. In order to analyze situation awareness, we classified a subset of critical incidents that occurred during the RoboCup 2004 competition. While we conclude that both techniques lower critical incidents in local navigation and obstacle encounters, this result should be interpreted with caution as it is based on our field study results. A more controlled laboratory follow up study is planned. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9274-4 PY 2005 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BDM80 UT WOS:000234339400023 ER PT B AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R Weiss, B AF Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R Weiss, B GP IEEE TI 3D range imaging for urban search and rescue robotics research SO 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security and Rescue Robots LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security and Rescue Robots CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE DE 3D range camera; real-time; safety standard; ground truth; urban search and rescue AB Urban search and rescue (USAR) operations can be extremely dangerous for human rescuers during disaster response. Human task forces carrying necessary tools and equipment and having the required skills and techniques, are deployed for the rescue of victims of structural collapse. Instead of sending human rescuers into such dangerous structures, it is: hoped that robots will one day meet the requirements to perform such tasks so that rescuers are not at risk of being hurt or worse. Recently, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, created reference tests arenas that simulate collapsed structures for evaluating the performance of autonomous mobile robots performing USAR tasks. At the same time, the NIST Industrial Autonomous Vehicles Project has been studying advanced 3D range sensors for improved robot safety in warehouses and manufacturing environments. Combined applications are discussed in this paper where advanced 3D range sensors also show promise during USAR operations toward improved robot performance in collapsed structure: navigation and rescue operations. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8945-X PY 2005 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BDL93 UT WOS:000234205700029 ER PT S AU Hollberg, L Oates, CW Diddams, SA AF Hollberg, L Oates, CW Diddams, SA GP IEEE TI Optical oscillators with high stability and low timing jitter SO 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS) SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society CY OCT 22-28, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Lasers & Elect Opt Soc AB Frequency stabilized cw lasers achieve exceptional frequency stability using high finesse Fabry-Perot cavities. That stability can be transferred to other optical frequencies with mode-locked lasers and provides optical and electronic pulses with ultra-low timing jitter. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-9217-5 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2005 BP 757 EP 758 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDR62 UT WOS:000235109700384 ER PT S AU Kim, T Jung, YM Kim, M Arif, M Jacobson, DL Hussey, D Sim, C Lee, S Jeon, J AF Kim, TaeJoo Jung, YongMi Kim, MooHwan Arif, M. Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. Sim, CheulMuu Lee, SeungWook Jeon, JinSoo BE Yu, B TI The visualization of water distribution at the PEMFC using the neutron imaging technique: Feasibility test SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington DE PEMFC; neutron imaging technique; flow field type; water management ID FUEL-CELLS AB Neutron imaging technique was performed to visualize the water distribution and movement at flow channels on operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). According to operation conditions (inlet humidity. ratio, temperature, and flow field geometry), the phenomena of water content and movement are investigated and their effects for the fuel cell efficiency are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 639 EP 642 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851901005 ER PT S AU Ullom, JN Zink, BL Beall, JA Doriese, WB Duncan, WD Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Reintsema, CD Vale, LR Rabin, MW Hoover, A Rudy, CR Smith, MK Tournear, DM Vo, DT AF Ullom, J. N. Zink, B. L. Beall, J. A. Doriese, W. B. Duncan, W. D. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Reintsema, C. D. Vale, L. R. Rabin, M. W. Hoover, A. Rudy, C. R. Smith, M. K. Tournear, D. M. Vo, D. T. BE Yu, B TI Development of large arrays of microcalorimeters for precision gamma-ray Spectroscopy SO 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1-5 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 23-29, 2005 CL Fajardo, PR SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, DOE, CERN, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Univ Calif Davis, Univ Washington ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; RESOLUTION; SQUIDS; NOISE AB We present measurements from a gamma-ray microcalorimeter with a FWHM energy resolution of 42 eV at 103 keV on a gadolinium test source and 52 eV FWHM at 103 keV on a complex mixture of plutonium isotopes. Additionally, we provide an overview of microcalorimeter technology, its specialized readout electronics, and the associated cryogenics. NIST is presently developing arrays of microcalorimeters and microbolometers for applications at submillimeter and X-ray wavelengths. The largest of these arrays will have 10,240 pixels and a sensing area of 102.4 cm(2). This technology development is directly applicable to gamma-ray microcalorimeter arrays and we see no obstacles to gamma-ray microcalorimeter arrays of 100 or more pixels. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ullom, JN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-9221-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2005 BP 1154 EP 1158 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFH22 UT WOS:000241851901119 ER PT S AU Stenbakken, GN Nelson, TL Waltrip, BC Bergman, DI AF Stenbakken, GN Nelson, TL Waltrip, BC Bergman, DI GP IEEE TI Performance evaluation of an audio-frequency power analyzer SO 2005 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS, 1-3 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 12-16, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Power Engn Soc DE calibration systems; distorted power; international comparison; harmonic analysis; sampling system AB In response to industry requests to have calibration services for distorted power instrumentation, NIST is developing a new sampling system to provide this service. This development effort is aimed at providing calibration of instruments that will make measurements in accordance with the IEEE Trial Use Standard 1459-2000 on power measurements in distorted and unbalanced conditions. The system mill make use of several NIST developed instruments and sensors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, EEEL, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stenbakken, GN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, EEEL, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 0-7803-9156-X J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2005 BP 2330 EP 2331 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BDD09 UT WOS:000232799402056 ER PT S AU Schwindt, PDD Knappe, S Shah, V Liew, LA Moreland, J AF Schwindt, PDD Knappe, S Shah, V Liew, LA Moreland, J GP IEEE TI Microfabricated atomic magnetometers SO 2005 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE Sensors Council AB Using the techniques of microelectromechanical systems, we are developing chip scale atomic sensors based on laser excitation of alkali atoms. Recently, we demonstrated a magnetometer physics package based on coherent population trapping that had a sensitivity of 50 pT/Hz(1/2) at 10 Hz, had a volume of 12 mm, and used 195 mW of power [1]. To improve the sensitivity and reduce the power consumption of the magnetometer, we are evaluating other methods of interrogating the atoms for use in microfabricated devices. One of these methods uses frequency modulated nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (FM NMOR). We demonstrate that an FM NMOR magnetometer can be made to self-oscillate, offering simple construction and low power consumption. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwindt, PDD (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM schwindt@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-9056-3 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2005 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BEE80 UT WOS:000237003500019 ER PT S AU Evju, JK Meier, DC Montgomery, CB Semancik, S Boger, Z AF Evju, JK Meier, DC Montgomery, CB Semancik, S Boger, Z GP IEEE TI Reliable recognition of low level simulated chemical weapons SO 2005 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2005 CL Irvine, CA SP IEEE Sensors Council AB The detection of chemical warfare simulants (CWSs) in the presence of high concentrations of common interferences was demonstrated with solid-state chemical microsensor arrays. Conductometric SnO(2) and TiO(2) sensing films deposited on microhotplates were utilized as transducers. The embedded microheaters were used to modulate the temperature of the sensor-array elements, while measuring conductance at each temperature. The resulting temperature-modulated sensing data was normalized to the high-temperature conductance and an artificial neural network was used to perform pattern-recognition on the resultant conductivity data vectors. C1 NIST, Proc Measurement Div, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Evju, JK (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurement Div, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM evju@nist.gov; dmeier@nist.gov; steves@nist.gov; zvi@peeron.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 0-7803-9056-3 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2005 BP 1263 EP 1266 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BEE80 UT WOS:000237003500315 ER PT B AU Hassebo, Y Zhao, Y Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Hassebo, Y Zhao, Y Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S GP IEEE TI Multiwavelength lidar measurements at the City College of New York in support of the NOAA-NEAQS and NASA-INTEX-NA experiments SO 2005 IEEE Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols CY APR 05-06, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP IEEE AB Satellite measurements do not provide the vertical information needed to assess aerosol transport mechanisms. To supply this information, multiwavelength lidar measurements are needed to study the vertical structure of aerosol events. In support of NASA - INTER and NOAA-NEAQS transport experiments; we present lidar retrievals, which identify multiple stratified particulate plumes, occurring over NYC on July 21 in support of MODIS imagery. In particular, multiwavelength measurements at CCNY are used to determine the angstrom coefficient of the plumes that unambiguously identifies them as fine mode particulates and not cloud particles. A description of our Lidar system capabilities and processing algorithms used to process simultaneous backscatter Lidar measurements with Aeronet CIMEL Optical Depth (OD) data is presented and back trajectory analysis is used to confirm the source of the plumes to be from Alaskan wild fires. Finally, surface measurements from insitu particle counters are presented and show no enhanced PM2.5 loading. This result is supported by lidar measurements, which confirm that nearly all of the aerosol plumes are located above the normal aerosol boundary layer showing that satellite measurements are often incomplete and is not useful to assess surface air quality. In particular, we show that high PM2.5 events are triggered from more local sources such as the Ohio Basin and climatological conditions which drive the pollution to the surface. C1 CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Hassebo, Y (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9109-8 PY 2005 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BCX67 UT WOS:000231781800004 ER PT S AU Tabassi, E Wilson, CL AF Tabassi, E Wilson, CL GP IEEE TI A novel approach to fingerprint image quality SO 2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP), VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2005) CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Genoa, ITALY SP IEEE DE fingerprint; image quality; minutia; biometrics; neural network; DET; ROC; performance AB We present a novel measure of fingerprint image quality, which can be used to estimate fingerprint match performance. This means presenting the matcher with good quality fingerprint images will result in high matcher performance, and vice versa, the matcher will perform poorly for poor quality fingerprints. We discuss the implementation of our fingerprint image quality metric and we present the results of testing it on 280 different combinations of fingerprint image data and fingerprint matcher systems. We found that the metric predicts matcher performance for all systems and datasets. Our definition of quality can be applied to other biometric modalities and upon proper feature extraction can be used to assess quality of any mode of biometric samples. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jelham.tabassi@nist.gov; cwilson@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-9134-9 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2005 BP 1833 EP 1836 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BDW08 UT WOS:000235773302071 ER PT S AU Bennett, HS Costa, J Immorlica, AA Weitzel, CE AF Bennett, HS Costa, J Immorlica, AA Weitzel, CE GP IEEE TI Opportunities and challenges for indium phosphide and related materials: The international technology roadmap for semiconductors perspective SO 2005 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 08-12, 2005 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEEE AB Selected opportunities and technical challenges for indium phosphide and related materials from the perspective of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors are discussed with emphasis primarily on RF and analog-mixed signal (AMS) applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-8891-7 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2005 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BDA20 UT WOS:000232220700001 ER PT B AU Schlenoff, C Washington, R Barbera, T AF Schlenoff, C Washington, R Barbera, T BE Thompson, C Hexmoor, H TI An intelligent ground vehicle ontology for multi-agent system integration SO 2005 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems: KIMAS'05: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB The level of automation in ground combat vehicles being developed for the Army's objective force is greatly increased over the Army's legacy force. The development of these intelligent ground vehicles (IGV) requires a thorough understanding of all of the intelligent behavior that needs to be exhibited by the system so that designers can allocate functionality to humans and/or machines. In this paper, we describe the joint effort currently being performed by DCS Corporation and NIST to develop an intelligent ground vehicle (IGV) ontology using Protege. The goal of this effort is to develop a common, implementation-independent, extendable knowledge source for researchers and developers in the intelligent vehicle community. This paper describes the methodology we have used to identify knowledge in this domain and an approach to capture and visualize the knowledge in the ontology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9013-X PY 2005 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH08 UT WOS:000229256300027 ER PT B AU Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C Messina, E AF Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C Messina, E BE Thompson, C Hexmoor, H TI Mobility open architecture simulation and tools environment SO 2005 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems: KIMAS'05: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB This paper will describe the Mobility Open Architecture Tools and Simulation (MOAST) environment. This environment conforms to the NIST 4D/RCS architecture [3] and allows simulated and real architectural components to Junction seamlessly in the same system. This permits not only the development of individual components, but also allows for component performance metrics to be developed and for the components to be evaluated under repeatable conditions. The environment is composed of high-fidelity and low-fidelity simulation systems, a detailed model of real-world terrain, actual hardware components, a central knowledge repository, and architectural glue to tie all of the components together. This paper will describe the components in detail and provide an example of how the environment can be utilized to develop and evaluate a single architectural component through the use of repeatable trials and experimentation that includes both virtual and real components functioning together. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9013-X PY 2005 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH08 UT WOS:000229256300028 ER PT B AU Huang, HM Albus, J Messina, E Scott, H Juberts, M AF Huang, HM Albus, J Messina, E Scott, H Juberts, M BE Thompson, C Hexmoor, H TI Entity knowledge model supporting intelligent systems SO 2005 International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems: KIMAS'05: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intensive Multi-Agent Systems CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB Intelligent systems operate in uncertain and complex environments. In order to achieve their goals, these systems require rich and updated knowledge about the environment and about their own capabilities to enable proper decision making processes. A critical subset of the required knowledge is entity, which models the physical environment. This paper provides a generic and systematic model for the entities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9013-X PY 2005 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCH08 UT WOS:000229256300029 ER PT B AU Carter, HJ Eslinger, DL VanderWilt, M AF Carter, HJ Eslinger, DL VanderWilt, M BE King, RL Younan, NH TI GIS management tools for estimating change trends in surface water quality: An application of multi-temporal land cover data SO 2005 International Workshop on the Analysis on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images CY MAY 16-18, 2005 CL Biloxi, MS SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, Mississippi State Univ, James Worth Bagley Coll Engn, GRI, ERC DE ISAT; N-SPECT; impervious; land cover; nonpoint-source pollution; water quality; erosion; change; trends AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coastal Remote Sensing Program at the Coastal Services Center (the Center) runs a Coastal Water Quality project. The primary goal of this project is to investigate the complex nature of the impacts of terrestrial land management practices on coastal water quality and the capability of remote sensing to monitor and measure those impacts. The complex interactions between terrestrial and aquatic systems pose challenges to coastal zone managers who need to understand the relationships between land cover and water quality. The Center developed two GIS based tools to allow managers to explore these linkages using easily obtainable remote sensing data and GIS layers. The Impervious Surface Analysis Tool (ISAT) calculates the percentage of impervious surface area of user-selected geographic areas. The Nonpoint-Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool (N-SPECT) examines the relationships between land cover, soil characteristics, topography, and precipitation in order to assess spatial and temporal patterns of surface water runoff, nonpoint-source pollution, and erosion. Two eras of Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) land cover data are used to model potential water quality change trends in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. C1 NOAA, Coastal Remote Sensing Program, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Carter, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Remote Sensing Program, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9118-7 PY 2005 BP 184 EP 185 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BCU69 UT WOS:000231288600042 ER PT B AU Burkhalter, S Herold, N Robinson, C AF Burkhalter, S Herold, N Robinson, C BE King, RL Younan, NH TI The Coastal Change Analysis Program: Mapping change and monitoring change trends in the coastal zone SO 2005 International Workshop on the Analysis on Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images CY MAY 16-18, 2005 CL Biloxi, MS SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, Mississippi State Univ, James Worth Bagley Coll Engn, GRI, ERC DE land cover; land cover change; trends AB National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal-Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) develops land cover data for the coastal zone of the U.S. An immediate objective for C-CAP is to expeditiously complete a national standard of land cover and land cover change data, to which additional eras of imagery will be used to track coastal changes through time. This paper highlights techniques for mapping and interpreting multiple eras of land cover within a study area. Recent era Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper and retrospective Landsat Multi Spectral Scanner imagery were analyzed in conjunction with the existing C-CAP land cover and corresponding Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery. Spectral differencing change analysis techniques identified areas that have changed from era to era. Spectral clustering for each era of Landsat imagery derived land cover labels for the areas of change. The change areas were then applied to the C-CAP land cover maps to produce a full land cover product for each era in the study. Trends highlighted in this study were related to increased development within existing urban boundaries, the spread of residential development in the suburbs, and loss of forest cover in rural areas. The data sources, interpretation techniques, and change analysis methodology described in this paper could be employed to produce land cover, and trend data products in most regions that have existing land cover data, and is envisioned as a component of a continued C-CAP land cover change and trend mapping strategy. C1 NOAA, Coastal Remote Sensing Program, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Burkhalter, S (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Remote Sensing Program, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9118-7 PY 2005 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BCU69 UT WOS:000231288600048 ER PT B AU Souryal, MR Moayeri, N AF Souryal, MR Moayeri, N GP IEEE TI Channel-adaptive relaying in mobile ad hoc networks with fading SO 2005 SECOND ANNUAL IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON SENSOR AND AD HOC COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual IEEE-Communications-Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON 2005) CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, intel, PAHKETHOP, NOKIA, Palo Alto Res Ctr ID PACKET RADIO NETWORKS; TRANSMISSION RANGES AB This paper describes an approach for relaying in multihop networks that adapts to the time-varying channel and exploits spatial diversity to mitigate multipath fading. Ignored in some performance analyses, fading arises from multipath propagation and causes fluctuations in the signal strength in mobile networks, adversely affecting communication performance. Our approach uses limited cross-layer interactions between the physical.. link and routing layers to provide adaptivity to both large and small-scale channel effects and to achieve spatial diversity gain without the use of multiple antennas. The routing layer uses long-term measurements of link quality in the form of the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to opportunistically select next-hop relays on a hop-by-hop basis. Small-scale variations are overcome at the MAC layer through efficient multicast polling of multiple next-hop candidate relays prior to data transmission. A performance analysis for networks employing geographic routing and an IEEE 802.11-based MAC (i) demonstrates significant improvements in network capacity and end-to-end delay achieved with these channel-adaptive techniques in Rayleigh and Ricean fading environments, (ii) shows that most of the small-scale diversity gain is obtained through the use of only two next-hop relay choices, and (iii) assesses the practical limit of the short-term adaptive component in terms of maximum node velocity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; moayeri@nist.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9011-3 PY 2005 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1109/SAHCN.2005.1557070 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BDQ54 UT WOS:000234925000014 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R Rose, S AF Chandramouli, R Rose, S BE Cantarella, JD TI An integrity verification scheme for DNS zone file based on security impact analysis SO 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Tucson, AZ SP Appl Comp Secur Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc AB The Domain Name System (DNS) is the world's largest distrihuted computing system that performs the key function of translating user-friendly domain names to IP addresses through a process called name resolution. After looking at the protection measures for securing the DNS transactions, we discover that the trust in the name resolution process ultimately depends upon the integrity of the data repository that authoritative name servers of DNS use. This data repository is called a zone file. Hence we analyze in detail the data content relationships in a zonefile that have security impacts. We then develop a taxonomy and associated population of constraints. We also have developed a platform-independent framework using XML, XML Schema and XSLT for encoding those constraints and verifying them against the XML encoded zonefile data to detect integrity violations. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandramouli, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2461-3 PY 2005 BP 283 EP 292 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDU86 UT WOS:000235517800029 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Griffith, D Borchert, O DiLorenzo, G Su, R Golmie, N AF Sriram, Kotikalapudi Griffith, David Borchert, Oliver DiLorenzo, Giuseppe Su, Richard Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Performance Comparison of Agile Optical Network Architectures with Static Vs. Dynamic Regenerator Assignment SO 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND NETWORKS (BROADNETS 2005) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Broadband Networks (BroadNets 05) CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Boston, MA AB Agile all optical cross-connect (OXC) switches currently use an architecture in which regenerators and transceivers have pre-assigned and fixed directionality. However, technology is evolving to enable new OXC architectures in which the directionality of regenerators and transceivers can be dynamically assigned on demand for each connection that requires regeneration. We have performed detailed analytical and simulation studies to compare the two architectures. The analytical study is applicable to a single node and is very useful in providing intuitive insights into the two alternative architectures. The simulation study is based on a realistic network topology consisting of 53 nodes. The simulation study was carried out using NIST's updated GMPLS Lightwave Agile Switching Simulator (GLASS) tool. The GLASS tool was significantly enhanced over its previous version in the course of this study. We report extensive results on comparison of the two OXC architectures in a realistic network implementation in terms of connection blocking probability, efficiency of regenerator use, and carrier equipment costs. We show that fewer regenerators and transceivers need to be used with the new architecture because of sharing of resources across all directionality combinations. This translates to significant cost savings for the new architecture, especially as the traffic load in the network increases. C1 [Sriram, Kotikalapudi; Griffith, David; Borchert, Oliver; DiLorenzo, Giuseppe; Su, Richard; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sriram, K (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ksriram@nist.gov; david.griffith@nist.gov; borchert@nist.gov; golmie@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9276-2 PY 2005 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1109/ICBN.2005.1589600 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUO11 UT WOS:000289904800014 ER PT J AU Griffith, D Sriram, K Gao, JS Golmie, N AF Griffith, David Sriram, Kotikalapudi Gao, JingSi Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Wireless Enhancements for Storage Area Networks SO 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND NETWORKS (BROADNETS 2005) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Broadband Networks (BroadNets 05) CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Boston, MA AB We propose the creation of a wireless storage area network (SAN) and analyze its benefits. The proposed wireless SAN (WSAN) consists of a SAN switch that is connected to multiple wireless access points (APs) that communicate with the storage devices. This network would save space and reduce overall costs by not requiring wired connections. Wireless SANS would also provide more freedom in the placement of storage devices. However, because the number of wireless access points is less than the number of storage devices, it is possible for user data requests to be blocked if all access points are busy. An important design goal is therefore to minimize the probability that a network access request will be blocked. C1 [Griffith, David; Sriram, Kotikalapudi; Gao, JingSi; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griffith, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.griffith@nist.gov; ksriram@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9276-2 PY 2005 BP 451 EP + DI 10.1109/ICBN.2005.1589645 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUO11 UT WOS:000289904800115 ER PT S AU Wang, NY Chang, PS AF Wang, NY Chang, PS BE Frouin, RJ Kawamura, H Pan, D TI WindSat physically-based forward model: Atmospheric component SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEANS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Remote Sensing of the Oceans CY NOV 08-09, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES AB WindSat is a satellite-based multi-frequency polarimetric microwave radiometer designed to measure the fully polarimetric radiometric brightness temperature (TB) at 10.7, 18.7, and 37.0 GHz, and linearly polarized TB at 6.8 and 23.8 GHz. The primary goal of WindSat is to demonstrate the capability of polarimetric microwave radiometry in remote sensing of the ocean surface wind vector. Sea surface temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water, are among some of the other geophysical parameters that can also be measured. Solution of an inverse method to retrieve these environmental parameters from the polarimetric radiometer measurements requires a forward model that characterizes the measured brightness temperature due to emission from the surface and the intervening atmosphere, and its transmission through the atmosphere. This paper concentrates predominantly on the atmospheric component of the Windsat forward model. This includes two separate but related algorithms. We have developed a complete radiative transfer model that calculates the upward and downward atmospheric radiation, including attenuation effects due to clear air (both resonant and continuum absorption by water vapor and molecular oxygen) and non-precipitating clouds. From calculations and analysis of using this full forward model and an extensive match-up dataset a computationally efficient one-layer parameterized model has been developed for use in the physically-based Windsat retrieval algorithm. A performance assessment of forward models which utilize surface and atmospheric models, NWP model data assimilation profiles, and environmental measurements from other satellites, by comparison with WindSat measurements, is presented. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, NY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5617-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5656 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.578811 PG 7 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BBT02 UT WOS:000227659900011 ER PT S AU Jelenak, Z Mavor, JP Connor, L Wang, NY Chang, P Gaiser, P AF Jelenak, Z Mavor, JP Connor, L Wang, NY Chang, P Gaiser, P BE Frouin, RJ Kawamura, H Pan, D TI Validation of ocean wind vector retrievals from WindSat polarimetric measurements SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEANS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Remote Sensing of the Oceans CY NOV 08-09, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE AB Using several months of WindSat measurements collocated with the NCEP Global Data Assimilation System model field, the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) measurements and QuikScat scatterometry measurements, we have derived an empirical geophysical model that describes radiometric vector for all WindSat channels, as a function of surface parameters: wind speed, wind direction and sea surface temperature, and atmospheric parameters: total precipitabte water and cloud liquid water. This model function was then used to develop an ocean surface wind vector retrieval algorithm from WindSat polarimetric measurements. The accuracy of the retrieved wind vectors was quantified using several months of WindSat measurements collocated with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) measurements and QuikSCAT scatterometry measurements. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jelenak, Z (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5617-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5656 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.578828 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BBT02 UT WOS:000227659900012 ER PT S AU Mavor, TP Connor, L Jelenak, Z Wang, NY Chang, P Legeckis, R AF Mavor, TP Connor, L Jelenak, Z Wang, NY Chang, P Legeckis, R BE Frouin, RJ Kawamura, H Pan, D TI Validation of WindSat brightness temperatures and wind speed using SFMR SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEANS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Remote Sensing of the Oceans CY NOV 08-09, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE WindSat; wind speed; SFMR; hurricane; microwave AB Collocation of WindSat brightness temperatures and retrieved windspeeds with Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) on board NOAA WP-3D Orion aircraft are used to analyze and validate WindSat data under extreme wind conditions. For this study, the data presented are from September 2003 during Hurricane Fabian (03 September 2003). Temporal and spatial variability within the SFMR data stream are discussed in relation to both the WindSat brightness temperatures and derived windspeeds. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mavor, TP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Legeckis, Richard/F-5604-2010; Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5617-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5656 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.578807 PG 6 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BBT02 UT WOS:000227659900013 ER PT B AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, GD BE Bradt, RC Munz, D Sakai, M White, KW TI Indentation size effect for glasses: Yes, there is a fracture contribution SO Active Materials, Nanoscale Materials, Composites, Glass and Fundamentals SE FRACTURE MECHANICS OF CERAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics CY FEB 25-28, 2003 CL Univ Houston, Houston, TX HO Univ Houston ID LATERAL CRACKS; CERAMICS; MICROHARDNESS; DEFORMATION; BRITTLENESS; TOUGHNESS; HARDNESS AB The influence of cracking upon apparent Knoop hardness was investigated for five glasses; The Knoop hardnesses decreased with increasing load in accordance with the classic indentation size effect (ISE). Cracking commenced at moderate loads and, in three of the five glasses studied, altered the indentation sizes and the ISE trends. Cracked indentations were as much as 10 mu m longer than uncracked indentations made under identical conditions. Cracking around the. indentation enabled the indenter to penetrate deeper into the material and larger indentations were produced. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Stop 852, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-24134-5 J9 FRACT MECH PY 2005 VL 14 BP 149 EP 171 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BDB47 UT WOS:000232366200013 ER PT B AU Quinn, GD Xu, K Gettings, R Salem, JA Swab, JJ AF Quinn, GD Xu, K Gettings, R Salem, JA Swab, JJ BE Bradt, RC Munz, D Sakai, M White, KW TI Standard Refernce Material 2100: Fracture toughness of ceramics SO ACTIVE MATERIALS, NANOSCALE MATERIALS, COMPOSITES, GLASS AND FUNDAMENTALS SE FRACTURE MECHANICS OF CERAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics CY FEB 25-28, 2003 CL Univ Houston, Houston, TX HO Univ Houston ID PRESSED SILICON-NITRIDE; SURFACE-CRACK; FLEXURE METHOD; SI3N4; SPECIMENS AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2100 is the first reference material in the world for the property fracture toughness for any class material. The SRM is for fracture toughness of ceramics and may be used with any ceramic fracture toughness test method, but is best suited for methods that use beams in bending. The SRM complements ASTM, ISO, CEN and national fracture toughness standards. This paper describes SRM 2100 and its creation. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Div Ceram, Stop 852, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-24134-5 J9 FRACT MECH PY 2005 VL 14 BP 499 EP 529 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BDB47 UT WOS:000232366200039 ER PT J AU Liu, D Peng, J Law, KH Wiederhold, G Sriram, RD AF Liu, D Peng, J Law, KH Wiederhold, G Sriram, RD TI Composition of engineering web services with distributed data-flows and computations SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE engineering web services; service integration; distributed data-flow; active mediation; mobile class; project management ID SYSTEMS AB This paper describes an experimental Flow-based Infrastructure for Composing Autonomous Services (FICAS), which supports a service-composition paradigm that integrates loosely coupled software components. For traditional software service composition frameworks, the data-flows and control-flows are centrally coordinated, and the composed service operates as the hub for all data communications. FICAS, on the other hand, employs a distributed data-flow approach that supports direct data exchanges among web services. The distributed data-flows can avoid many performance bottlenecks attending centralized processing. The performance and flexibility of FICAS are further improved by adopting active mediation, which distributes computations within the service framework, and reduces the amount of data traffic significantly by moving computations closer to the data. A system has been prototyped to integrate several project management and scheduling software applications. The prototype implementation demonstrates that distributed data-flow, combining with active mediation, is effective and more efficient than centralized processing when integrating large engineering software services. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM davidliu@stanford.edu; junpeng@stanford.edu; law@stanford.edu; gio@db.stanford.edu; sriram@cme.nist.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 EI 1873-5320 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 25 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2005.01.008 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 952NI UT WOS:000231010600003 ER PT S AU Wiederhorn, SM Krause, RF Lofaj, F Taffner, U AF Wiederhorn, SM Krause, RF Lofaj, F Taffner, U BE Kim, HD Lin, HT Hoffmann, MJ TI Creep behavior of improved high temperature silicon nitride SO ADVANCED SI-BASED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Frontier of Advanced Si-Based Ceramics and Composites (ISASC 2004) CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Korean Ceram Soc, Ctr Adv Mat Proc, Amer Ceram Soc, Australian Ceram Soc, Chinese Ceram Soc, Ceram Soc Japan, Spanish Soc Ceram & Glass, AFOSR, AOARD, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Natl Res Lab, ONRIFO DE silicon nitride; high temperature; creep; rare-earth oxide; lutetiu oxide; yttrium oxide; ytterbium oxide; cavitation ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY FILMS; O-N GLASSES; TENSILE CREEP; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; COMPRESSIVE CREEP; CERAMICS; AL; VISCOSITY; ALLOYS AB New data are presented on the tensile creep behavior of silicon nitride sintered with Lu2O3. The data are compared with two earlier sets of data collected on the same material. The older sets gave results that are difficult to explain theoretically: a high value for the stress exponent, n=5.33, and no cavitation. The new set of data also gave no cavitation, but gave a stress exponent, n=1.81, that can be rationalized theoretically in terms of solution-precipitation creep of the silicon nitride grains. An analysis of variance showed that one of the earlier sets of data was statistically consistent with the newer set, whereas the other set of data was not. Combining the two sets of data that agreed statistically yields a consistent picture of creep with a low value of the stress exponent and no cavitation. The stress exponent for the combined set of data is n=1.87 &PLUSMN; 0.48 (95% confidence limits). The tensile creep mechanism of the silicon nitride containing Lu2O3, solution-precipitation, differs from those of other silicon nitrides, for which tensile creep has been attributed to cavitation. Enhancement of the creep resistance of the silicon nitride sintered with Lu2O3 may be a consequence of the fact that Lu2O3 produces a more deformation resistant amorphous phase at the two grain junctions, than do Y2O3 or Yb2O3. In parallel, reducing the amount of secondary phase below a critical limit, or increasing the viscosity of the two grain boundaries relative to three-grain junctions reduces the ability of the material to cavitate during creep, and forces the creep mechanism to change from cavitation to solution-precipitation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Mat Res Inst, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. Max Planck Inst Metalkunde MPI Metallforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov; cralph.krause@nist.gov; lofaj@immov.saske.sk NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-965-2 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 287 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCB89 UT WOS:000228550000060 ER PT S AU O'Brien, EP Ward, TC AF O'Brien, Emmett P. Ward, Thomas C. BE Damico, D TI Interfacial diffusion of fluids in pressure sensitive adhesives SO Advances in Adhesives, Adhesion Science, and Testing SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Adhesives, Adhesion Science, and Testing CY OCT 04, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm D14 Adhes DE interfaces; impedance; dielectric spectroscopy; non-destructive testing; durability; diffusion; coatings; water; neutron reflectivity ID WATER-ADSORPTION; NEUTRON REFLECTION; SILICON-WAFERS; SILANE LAYERS; MOISTURE; JOINTS; EPOXY; ABSORPTION; FINISH; FILMS AB Diffusion of acetone at the interface of a bonded pressure sensitive adhesive tape was measured using single frequency capacitance measurements (SFCM) and a novel interdigitated electrode sensor design. The relative concentration of acetone at the bondline as a function of distance from the edge of the specimen and exposure time was correlated to adhesion loss measured by the 90 degrees peel test. This work suggests that these novel sensors are applicable for the study of interfacial diffusion processes, and could be extended to other coatings or adhesives in a variety of environments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Brien, EP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3489-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2005 VL 1463 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1520/STP11659S PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BEK01 UT WOS:000237499300006 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Gu, W Gao, ST AF Xu, Q Gu, W Gao, ST TI Nonlinear oscillations of semigeostrophic Eady waves in the presence of diffusivity SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nonlinear oscillation; semigeostrophic Eady wave; diffusivity ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; VISCOUS SEMIGEOSTROPHY; FRONTS; DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRATION; MODEL AB Analyses are performed to examine the physical processes involved in nonlinear oscillations of Eady baroclinic waves obtained from viscous semigeostrophic models with two types of boundary conditions (free-slip and non-slip). By comparing with previous studies for the case of the free-slip boundary condition, it is shown that the nonlinear oscillations are produced mainly by the interaction between the baroclinic wave and zonal-mean state (total zonal-mean flow velocity and buoyancy stratification) but the timescale of the nonlinear oscillations is largely controlled by the diffusivity. When the boundary condition is non-slip, the nonlinear oscillations are further damped and slowed by the diffusive process. Since the free-slip (non-slip) boundary condition is the zero drag (infinite drag) limit of the more realistic drag boundary condition, the nonlinear oscillations obtained with the two types of boundary conditions are two extremes for more realistic nonlinear oscillations. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1007/BF02930869 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890EX UT WOS:000226495600005 ER PT J AU Shun, L Qiu, CJ Xu, Q Zhang, PF Gao, JD Shao, AM AF Shun, L Qiu, CJ Xu, Q Zhang, PF Gao, JD Shao, AM TI An improved method for Doppler wind and thermodynamic retrievals SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHOENIX-II; VARIATIONAL METHOD; MICROBURST WINDS; ADJOINT-METHOD; RADAR NETWORK; MOVING FRAME; FIELDS AB A variational method is developed to retrieve winds in the first step and then thermodynamic fields in the second step from Doppler radar observations. In the first step, wind fields are retrieved at two time levels: the beginning and ending times of the data assimilation period, simultaneously from two successive volume scans by using the weak form constraints provided by the mass continuity and vorticity equations. As the retrieved wind fields are expressed by Legendre polynomial expansions at the beginning and ending times, the time tendency term in the vorticity equation can be conveniently formulated, and the retrieved winds can be compared with the radar observed radial winds in the cost function at the precise time and position of each radar beam. In the second step, the perturbation pressure and temperature fields at the middle time are then derived from the retrieved wind fields and the velocity time tendency by using the weak form constraints provided by the three momentum equations. The merits of the new method are demonstrated by numerical experiments with simulated radar observations and compared with the traditional least squares methods which consider neither the precise observation times and positions nor the velocity time tendency. The new method is also applied to real radar data for a heavy rainfall event during the 2001 Meiyu season in China. C1 Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Shun, L (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM qiucj@lzu.edu.cn RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1007/BF02930872 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890EX UT WOS:000226495600008 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Yang, ZL Stoffa, PL Sen, MK AF Xia, YL Yang, ZL Stoffa, PL Sen, MK TI Optimal parameter and uncertainty estimation of a land surface model: Sensitivity to parameter ranges and model complexities SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE optimal parameters; uncertainty estimation; CHASM model; Bayesian Stochastic Inversion; parameter ranges; model complexities ID ENERGY BALANCE COMPLEXITY; SOIL-MOISTURE SIMULATION; SIMPLE BIOSPHERE MODEL; SCHEMES PILPS; MULTICRITERIA METHODS; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; PROJECT; CLIMATE; CABAUW; VEGETATION AB Most previous land-surface model calibration studies have defined global ranges for their parameters to search for optimal parameter sets. Little work has been conducted to study the impacts of realistic versus global ranges as well as model complexities on the calibration and uncertainty estimates. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate these impacts by employing Bayesian Stochastic Inversion (BSI) to the Chameleon Surface Model (CHASM). The CHASM was designed to explore the general aspects of land-surface energy balance representation within a common modeling framework that can be run from a simple energy balance formulation to a complex mosaic type structure. The BSI is an uncertainty estimation technique based on Bayes theorem, importance sampling, and very fast simulated annealing. The model forcing data and surface flux data were collected at seven sites representing a wide range of climate and vegetation conditions. For each site, four experiments were performed with simple and complex CHASM formulations as well as realistic and global parameter ranges. Twenty eight experiments were conducted and 50 000 parameter sets were used for each run. The results show that the use of global and realistic ranges gives similar simulations for both modes for most sites, but the global ranges tend to produce some unreasonable optimal parameter values. Comparison of simple and complex modes shows that the simple mode has more parameters with unreasonable optimal values. Use of parameter ranges and model complexities have significant impacts on frequency distribution of parameters, marginal posterior probability density functions, and estimates of uncertainty of simulated sensible and latent heat fluxes. Comparison between model complexity and parameter ranges shows that the former has more significant impacts on parameter and uncertainty estimations. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,US RTE 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI Stoffa, Paul/C-4980-2008; Sen, Mrinal/G-5938-2010; Sen, Mrinal /B-5426-2011; Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 142 EP 157 DI 10.1007/BF02930878 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 890EX UT WOS:000226495600014 ER PT S AU Celotta, RJ Stroscio, JA AF Celotta, RJ Stroscio, JA BE Stroke, HH TI Trapping and moving atoms on surfaces SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 51 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; LATERAL MANIPULATION; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SWITCH; MATTER; TIP AB We have used a scanning tunneling microscope to laterally reposition a single cobalt atom adsorbed on the (111) face of a copper crystal. We find that the atom follows a complex path determined by the trapping potential of the STM tip, the effects of vibrational heating from inelastic electron scattering, and the overall potential landscape of the crystal surface. The atom's dynamical response produces the classic signature of a random two-state fluctuator, permits the acquisition of a binding site image of the surface, and suggests a methodology for atom-based measurements of nanostructures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Celotta, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003851-X J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2005 VL 51 BP 363 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(05)51020-6 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BDT09 UT WOS:000235191900010 ER PT S AU Kelsey, J Schneier, B AF Kelsey, J Schneier, B BE Cramer, R TI Second preimages on n-bit hash functions for much less than 2(n) work SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - EUROCRYPT 2005,PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual International Conference on Theory and Applications of CryptographicTechniques CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Aarhus, DENMARK SP Int Assoc Cryptol Res, Univ Aarhus, Fac Sci, Comp Sci Dept AB We expand a previous result of Dean [Dea99] to provide a second preimage attack on all n-bit iterated hash functions with Damgard-Merkle strengthening and n-bit intermediate states, allowing a second preimage to be found for a 2(k)-message-block message with about k x 2(n/2+1) + 2(n-k+1) work. Using RIPEMD-160 as an example, our attack can find a second preimage for a 2 60 byte message in about 21 06 work, rather than the previously expected 2 160 work. We also provide slightly cheaper ways to find multicollisions than the method of Joux [Jou04]. Both of these results are based on expandable messages-patterns for producing messages of varying length, which all collide on the intermediate hash result immediately after processing the message. We provide an algorithm for finding expandable messages for any n-bit hash function built using the Damgard-Merkle construction, which requires only a small multiple of the work done to find a single collision in the hash function. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelsey, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kelsey@nist.gov; schneier@counterpane.com NR 25 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25910-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3494 BP 474 EP 490 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCL07 UT WOS:000229801200028 ER PT J AU Fussmann, GF Ellner, SP Hairston, NG Jones, LE Shertzer, KW Yoshida, T AF Fussmann, GF Ellner, SP Hairston, NG Jones, LE Shertzer, KW Yoshida, T TI Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of experimental plankton communities SO ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 37: POPULATION DYNAMICS AND LABORATORY ECOLOGY SE ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM; MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIMITED RELEVANCE; ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD WEBS; ROTIFER; STABILITY; SEXUALITY AB We used microcosm systems to test whether simple mathematical models can be valid descriptions of population and community dynamics. Our conclusion is that a priori mathematical formulations of interacting populations are unlikely to produce completely satisfying predictions because they tend to ignore important biological mechanisms. We employed the feedback between microcosm experiments and increasingly refined dynamic models to identify the critical biology governing population cycles in our system, a predator-prey (rotifer-algal) chemostat. Here we summarize the results from five years of work with this system, which confronted us with unexpected yet resolvable biological complexities. First, we found that age structure of the predator population is necessary to generate qualitatively correct predictions of population dynamics (stability versus cycles). Second, we identified rapid evolution of both the algae and rotifers (in separate instances) as critical processes occurring on the same time scale as the ecological dynamics. We have learned that microcosms may not just serve as a means to check model assumptions, but that the results of microcosm studies can lead to novel insights into the functioning of biological communities. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Fussmann, GF (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RI Yoshida, Takehito/O-9983-2014 OI Yoshida, Takehito/0000-0001-9178-3634 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0065-2504 J9 ADV ECOL RES PY 2005 VL 37 BP 221 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0065-2504(04)37007-8 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BDB55 UT WOS:000232368100007 ER PT S AU Vogt, BD Soles, CL Prabhu, VM Satija, SK Lin, EK AF Vogt, BD Soles, CL Prabhu, VM Satija, SK Lin, EK BE Sturtevant, JL TI Water distribution within immersed polymer films SO Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXII, Pt 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXII CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, AZ Elect Mat, Rohm & Haas Elect Mat DE photolithography; immersion lithography; thin films ID FINE-STRUCTURE MEASUREMENTS; PHOTORESIST POLYMERS; 157 NM; LITHOGRAPHY; INTERFACE; HUMIDITY AB The emergence of immersion lithography for the extension of current lithography tools requires a fundamental understanding of the interactions between the photoresist and the immersion liquid such as water. Neutron reflectometry was used to measure the water concentration depth profile within immersed photoresist films. The bulk of the films swelled to the equilibrium water concentration. However a gradient in water concentration was observed near the polymer/substrate interface. Dependent on the relative hydrophilicity of the polymer and the substrate, either a depletion or excess of water was observed at the interface. Using HMDS treated silicon wafers as the substrate results in approximately 17% water by volume at the interface. The interfacial concentration decreases (or increases) to the bulk water solubility limit approximately 40 A from the substrate. As the total film thickness approaches this length scale, the substrate induced concentration gradients lead to a film thickness dependent swelling; enhanced or suppressed swelling is witnessed for the excess or depleted interfacial concentrations, respectively. Variation of the substrate surface energy allows for tuning of the interfacial water concentration, ranging from 30% to less than 1% water by volume. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5733-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5753 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.599746 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCI43 UT WOS:000229580700006 ER PT S AU Prabhu, VM Vogt, BD Wu, WL Douglas, JF Lin, EK Satija, SK Goldfarb, DL Ito, H AF Prabhu, VM Vogt, BD Wu, WL Douglas, JF Lin, EK Satija, SK Goldfarb, DL Ito, H BE Sturtevant, JL TI Interfacial structure of photoresist thin films in developer solutions SO Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXII, Pt 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Technology and Processing XXII CY FEB 28-MAR 02, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, AZ Elect Mat, Rohm & Haas Elect Mat DE resist swelling; developer; dissolution; LER; reflectivity ID DISSOLUTION AB A depth profile of the base developer counterion concentration within thin photoresist films was measured in-situ using contrast variant specular neutron reflectivity to characterize the initial swelling stage of the film dissolution. We find a substantial counterion depletion near the substrate and an enrichment near the periphery of the film extending into the solution. These observations challenge our understanding of the charge distribution in photoresist and polyelectrolyte films and are important for understanding film dissolution in medical and technological applications. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5733-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5753 BP 292 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.598956 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCI43 UT WOS:000229580700032 ER PT S AU Rabin, RM Whittaker, T AF Rabin, RM Whittaker, T BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Koracin, D Parvin, B TI Tool for storm analysis using multiple data sets SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Visual Computing CY DEC 05-07, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, NV SP UNR, DRI, LBNL, NASA Ames, intel, Digital Persona, Equinox AB This note describes a web-based tool for storm analysis using multiple data sets developed for use in research of thunderstorms and forecasting applications. The tool was developed for users to monitor atmospheric changes along the path of storm systems. It demonstrates the use of the Thematic Real time Environmental Data Distributed Services (THREDDS) and other data sets. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Rabin, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-30750-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3804 BP 571 EP 578 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDP92 UT WOS:000234830800069 ER PT J AU Sheridan, PJ Arnott, WP Ogren, JA Andrews, E Atkinson, DB Covert, DS Moosmuller, H Petzold, A Schmid, B Strawa, AW Varma, R Virkkula, A AF Sheridan, PJ Arnott, WP Ogren, JA Andrews, E Atkinson, DB Covert, DS Moosmuller, H Petzold, A Schmid, B Strawa, AW Varma, R Virkkula, A TI The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An evaluation of aerosol absorption measurement methods SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; INTEGRATING NEPHELOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; INDIAN-OCEAN; PARTICLES; SOOT; EXTINCTION AB The Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS) was designed and conducted to compare the performance of many existing and new instruments for the in situ measurement of aerosol optical properties with a focus on the determination of aerosol light absorption. For this study, simple test aerosols of black and white particles were generated and combined in external mixtures under low relative humidity conditions and delivered to each measurement system. The aerosol mixing and delivery system was constantly monitored using particle counters and nephelometers to ensure that the same aerosol number concentration and amount reached the different instruments. The aerosol light-scattering measurements of four different nephelometers were compared, while the measurements of seven light-absorption instruments (5 filter based, 2 photoacoustic) were evaluated. Four methods for determining the aerosol light-extinction coefficient (3 cavity ring-down instruments and 1 folded-path optical extinction cell) were also included in the comparisons. An emphasis was placed on determining the representativeness of the filter-based light absorption methods, since these are used widely and because major corrections to the raw attenuation measurements are known to be required. The extinction measurement from the optical extinction cell was compared with the scattering measurement from a high-sensitivity integrating nephelometer on fine, nonabsorbing ammonium sulfate aerosols, and the two were found to agree closely (within 1% for blue and green wavelengths and 2% for red). The wavelength dependence of light absorption for small kerosene and diesel soot particles was found to be very near lambda(-1), the theoretical small-particle limit. Larger, irregularly shaped graphite particles showed widely variable wavelength dependencies over several graphite runs. The light-absorption efficiency at a wavelength of 530 nm for pure kerosene soot with a number size distribution peak near 0.3 mum diameter was found to be 7.5 +/- 1.2 m(2) g(-1). The two most fundamental independent absorption methods used in this study were photoacoustic absorption and the difference between suspended-state light extinction and scattering, and these showed excellent agreement ( typically within a few percent) on mixed black/white aerosols, with the photoacoustic measurement generally slightly lower. Excellent agreement was also observed between some filter-based light-absorption measurements and the RAOS reference absorption method. For atmospherically relevant levels of the aerosol light-absorption coefficient (<25 Mm(-1)), the particle soot absorption photometer ( PSAP) absorption measurement at mid-visible wavelengths agreed with the reference absorption measurement to within &SIM;11% for experiment tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. At higher absorption levels ( characterized by lower single-scattering albedo aerosol tests), this agreement worsened considerably, most likely due to an inadequate filter loading correction used for the PSAP. The PSAP manufacturer's filter loading correction appears to do an adequate job of correcting the PSAP absorption measurement at aerosol single-scattering albedos above 0.80-0.85, which represents most atmospheric aerosols, but it does a progressively worse job at lower single-scattering albedos. Anew filter-based light-absorption photometer was also evaluated in RAOS, the multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP), which uses a two-stream radiative transfer model to determine the filter and aerosol scattering effects for a better calculation of the abs The MAAP absorption measurements agreed with the reference absorption measurements closely (linear regression slope of &SIM;0.99) for all experimental tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Air Qual Res, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Sheridan, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov RI Varma, Ravi/A-9640-2009; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; OI Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 NR 49 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1080/027868290901891 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OS UT WOS:000225877400001 ER PT J AU Arnott, WP Hamasha, K Moosmuller, H Sheridan, PJ Ogren, JA AF Arnott, WP Hamasha, K Moosmuller, H Sheridan, PJ Ogren, JA TI Towards aerosol light-absorption measurements with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer: Evaluation with a photoacoustic instrument and 3-wavelength nephelometer SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; FILTER; SNOW; CALIBRATION; COEFFICIENT; SCATTERING; RADIATION AB Two extreme cases of aerosol optics from the Reno Aerosol Optics Experiment are used to develop a model-based calibration scheme for the 7-wavelength aethalometer. The cases include those of very white and very dark aerosol samples. The former allows for an assessment of the scattering offset associated with this filter-based method, with the wavelength-dependent scattering measured from a 3-wavelength nephelometer, and interpolated and extrapolated to the 7 wavelengths of the aethalometer. A photoacoustic instrument operating at 532 nm is used to evaluate the filter loading effect caused by aerosol light absorption. Multiple scattering theory is used to analytically obtain a filter-loading correction function. This theory shows that the exponential behavior of light absorption in the strong multiple scattering limit scales as the square root of the total absorption optical depth rather than linearly with optical depth as is commonly assumed with Beer's law. The multiple scattering model also provides a theoretical justification for subtracting a small fraction of aerosol light scattering away from measured apparent light absorption by the filter method. The model is tested against ambient measurements and is found to require coefficients that are situation specific. Several hypotheses are given for this specificity, and suggested methods for reducing it are discussed. Specific findings are as follows. Simultaneous aerosol light-scattering measurements are required for accurate interpretation of aethalometer data for high aerosol single-scattering albedo. Instantaneous errors of up to +/-50% are possible for uncorrected data, depending on filter loading. The aethalometer overpredicts black carbon (BC) concentration on a fresh filter and underpredicts BC on a loaded filter. BC and photoacoustic light absorption can be tightly correlated if the data are averaged over the full range of filter loadings and the aerosol source is constant. Theory predicts that the Aethalometer response may be sensitive to filter face velocity, and hence flow rate, to the extent that particle penetration depth depends on face velocity. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Arnott, WP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM pat@dri.edu RI Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 NR 26 TC 256 Z9 265 U1 10 U2 60 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1080/027868290901972 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OS UT WOS:000225877400002 ER PT J AU Petzold, A Schloesser, H Sheridan, PJ Arnott, WP Ogren, JA Virkkula, A AF Petzold, A Schloesser, H Sheridan, PJ Arnott, WP Ogren, JA Virkkula, A TI Evaluation of multiangle absorption photometry for measuring aerosol light absorption SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; SOOT; PARTICLES AB A new multiangle absorption photometer for the measurement of aerosol light absorption was recently introduced that builds on the simultaneous measurement of radiation transmitted through and scattered back from a particle-loaded fiber filter at multiple detection angles. The absorption coefficient of the filter-deposited aerosol is calculated from the optical properties of the entire filter system, which are determined by a two-stream-approximation radiative transfer scheme. In the course of the Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS), the response characteristics of multiangle absorption photometry ( MAAP) for white aerosol, pure black carbon aerosol from different sources, external mixtures of black and white aerosol, and ambient aerosol was investigated. The MAAP response characteristics were compared to basic filter transmittance and filter reflectance measurements. MAAP showed close agreement with a reference absorption measurement by extinction minus scattering. The slopes of regression lines vary between 0.99 +/- 0.01 and 1.07 +/- 0.02 for pure black carbon particles and external mixtures with ammonium sulphate to 1.03 +/- 0.05 for ambient aerosol. No effect of the filter aerosol loading or the single-scattering albedo omega(0) of the sampled aerosol on the MAAP response characteristics was observed. In contrast, transmittance and reflectance methods showed a clear impact of omega(0) and the filter loading on the response characteristics, which requires the application of a correction function for the reliable determination of the aerosol absorption coefficient. In the case of nonabsorbing aerosol, the MAAP approach reduced the magnitude of the apparently measured absorption coefficient by one order of magnitude compared to a basic transmittance measurement. C1 Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Wessling, Germany. Thermo ESM Andersen Instruments, Erlangen, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Finnish Meteorol Inst, Air Qual Res, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Petzold, A (reprint author), DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. EM andreas.petzold@dlr.de RI Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 22 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 DI 10.1080/027868290901945 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OS UT WOS:000225877400004 ER PT J AU Virkkula, A Ahlquist, NC Covert, DS Sheridan, PJ Arnott, WP Ogren, JA AF Virkkula, A Ahlquist, NC Covert, DS Sheridan, PJ Arnott, WP Ogren, JA TI A three-wavelength optical extinction cell for measuring aerosol light extinction and its application to determining light absorption coefficient SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CALIBRATION; SOOT; NEPHELOMETER; INSTRUMENTS; INDOEX; NO2 AB An optical extinction cell (OEC) was used to measure aerosol particle extinction coefficient sigma(EP) at three wavelengths, 467, 530, and 660 nm. The details of the design and the results of its use in the Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS) in June 2002 are presented. The OEC agreed well with the scattering coefficient sigma(SP) measured using an integrating nephelometer for nonabsorbing aerosols. Linear regression of 1 min-averaged sigma(EP) versus sigma(SP) yielded slopes 1.00 +/- 0.02 and offsets <4 Mm(-1) in the range &SIM;50 to 900 Mm(-1). The difference, (σ(EP)-σ(SP)) was taken as a standard measure of absorption coefficient, σ(AP). The noise calculated as the standard deviation of (σ(EP)-σ(SP)) from 1 min-averaged white aerosol data was about 10, 11, and 5 Mm(-1) for the blue, green and red wavelengths, respectively. The absorption coefficients calculated from σ(EP)-σ(SP) were compared with the absorption coefficients measured using a photoacoustic instrument. In general, the two methods agreed better than 10%. The data gives also a way for estimating indirectly the relative uncertainty of the nephelometer. The theoretical relative uncertainties of the absorption coefficient were closest to the measured ones when the relative uncertainty of the scattering coefficient was &SIM;4%. C1 Finnish Meteorol Inst, Air Qual Res, Helsinki 00880, Finland. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Virkkula, A (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Air Qual Res, Sahaajankatu 20E, Helsinki 00880, Finland. EM aki.virkkula@fmi.fi RI Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 52 EP 67 DI 10.1080/027868290901918 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OS UT WOS:000225877400005 ER PT J AU Virkkula, A Ahlquist, NC Covert, DS Arnott, WP Sheridan, PJ Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ AF Virkkula, A Ahlquist, NC Covert, DS Arnott, WP Sheridan, PJ Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ TI Modification, calibration and a field test of an instrument for measuring light absorption by particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATING PLATE METHOD; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AEROSOL; COEFFICIENT; DEPENDENCE; SOOT AB A filter-based single-wavelength photometer ( Particle Soot Absorption Photometer, PSAP) for measuring light absorption by aerosols was modified to measure at three wavelengths, 467 nm, 530 nm, and 660 nm. The modified and an unmodified photometer were calibrated during the Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS) 2002 against two absorption standards: a photoacoustic instrument and the difference between the extinction and scattering coefficient. This filter-based absorption method has to be corrected for scattering aerosol and transmission changes. A simple function for this was derived from the calibration experiment as a function of transmission and single-scattering albedo. For an unmodified PSAP at typical atmospheric absorption coefficients the algorithm yields about 5-7% lower absorption coefficients than does the usually used method. The three-wavelength PSAP was used for atmospheric measurements both during RAOS and during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS). C1 Finnish Meteorol Inst, Air Qual Res, Helsinki 00880, Finland. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Virkkula, A (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Air Qual Res, Sahaajankatu 20E, Helsinki 00880, Finland. EM aki.virkkula@fmi.fi RI Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 31 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1080/027868290901963 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OS UT WOS:000225877400006 ER PT B AU Foedisch, M Takeuchi, A AF Foedisch, M Takeuchi, A BE Mericsko, R TI Adaptive road detection through continuous environment learning SO AIPR 2004: 33rd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, Proceedings: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd AIPR Workshop on Emerging Technologies and Application for Imagery Pattern Recognition CY OCT 13-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP AIPR Execut Comm, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Analy & Mach Intelligence AB The Intelligent Systems Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology has been engaged for several years in developing real-time systems for autonomous driving. A road detection program is an essential part of the project. Previously we developed an adaptive road detection system based on color histograms using a neural network. This, however, still required human involvement during the initialization step. As a continuation of the project, we have expanded the system so that it can adapt to the new environment without any human intervention. This system updates the neural network continuously based on the road image structure. In order to reduce the possibility of misclassifying road and non-road, we have implemented an adaptive road feature acquisition method. C1 NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foedisch, M (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2250-5 PY 2005 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF53 UT WOS:000229039200003 ER PT B AU Madhavan, R Hong, T AF Madhavan, R Hong, T BE Mericsko, R TI Robust detection and recognition of buildings in urban environments from LADAR data SO AIPR 2004: 33RD APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd AIPR Workshop on Emerging Technologies and Application for Imagery Pattern Recognition CY OCT 13-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP AIPR Execut Comm, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Analy & Mach Intelligence ID REGISTRATION AB Successful Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) navigation in urban areas requires the competence of the vehicle to cope with Global Positioning System (GPS) outages and/or unreliable position estimates due to multipathing. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) we are developing registration algorithms using LADAR (LAser Detection And Ranging) data to cope with such scenarios. In this paper we present a Building Detection and Recognition (BDR) algorithm using LADAR range images acquired from UGVs towards reliable and efficient registration. We verify the proposed algorithms using field data obtained from a Riegl LADAR range sensor mounted on a UGV operating in a variety of unknown urban environments. The presented results show the robustness and efficacy of the BDR algorithm. C1 NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; tsai.hong@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2250-5 PY 2005 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF53 UT WOS:000229039200007 ER PT S AU Schmit, TJ Gurka, J Menzel, WP Coakley, MM Mostek, A Schrab, K Gunshor, MM Wimmers, A AF Schmit, TJ Gurka, J Menzel, WP Coakley, MM Mostek, A Schrab, K Gunshor, MM Wimmers, A BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Possible scanning scenarios of the GOES-R HES (Hyperspectral environmental suite) SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Central Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Univ Central Florida DE HES; hyperspectral; GOES-R; ABI; NOAA ID MODIS; AIRS AB With increased spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution, the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R Series will contribute to a significant improvement in the GOES products, including an increase in the number of products over the current GOES Imager and Sounder, especially when combined with the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The planned capabilities of the HES are encompassed by tasks, which describe required performance for operating at required scan rates. The scheduling of the HES will be determined by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). A range of possible scan scenarios for optimizing the collection of data for users with a variety of geographic or phenomenological concerns will be discussed here. One such schedule from the sounding capability of the HES would be a full "sounding disk" at 10 km (sub-satellite point resolution) covered every three hours, as well as the contiguous U.S. every hour at 4 km resolution, plus selected other regions of interest. The HES Coastal Waters (CW) will provide coverage of the coastal areas every three hours, in addition to other regions such as the Great Lakes, or other features of interest. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, ASPT, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schmit, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, ASPT, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5791-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5806 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1117/12.602772 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR68 UT WOS:000230952600059 ER PT S AU Devaney, JE Satterfield, SG Hagedorn, JG Kelso, JT Peskin, AP George, WL Griffin, TJ Hung, HK Kriz, RD AF Devaney, JE Satterfield, SG Hagedorn, JG Kelso, JT Peskin, AP George, WL Griffin, TJ Hung, HK Kriz, RD BE Cai, Y TI Science at the speed of thought SO AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE FOR SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY: FOUNDATIONS, THEORIES, AND SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ambient Intelligence for Scientific Discovery CY APR 25, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP SIGCHI ID SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION; VIRTUAL-REALITY C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Devaney, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM judith.devaney@nist.gov; rkriz@vt.edu NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24466-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3345 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA BCD95 UT WOS:000228798400001 ER PT J AU Holbrook, AL Krosnick, JA AF Holbrook, Allyson L. Krosnick, Jon A. BE Craig, SC Martinez, MD TI Meta-Psychological Versus Operative Measures of Ambivalence Differentiating the Consequences of Perceived Intra-Psychic Conflict and Real Intra-Psychic Conflict SO AMBIVALENCE AND THE STRUCTURE OF POLITICAL OPINION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Holbrook, Allyson L.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Krosnick, Jon A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Krosnick, Jon A.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Krosnick, Jon A.] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Krosnick, Jon A.] US Bur Census, Washington, DC USA. [Krosnick, Jon A.] Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Holbrook, AL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-40397-909-4 PY 2005 BP 73 EP 103 D2 10.1057/9781403979094 PG 31 WC Communication; Political Science SC Communication; Government & Law GA BQG01 UT WOS:000280911300005 ER PT J AU Connolly, JM Alferiev, I Clark-Gruel, JN Eidelman, N Sacks, M Palmatory, E Kronsteiner, A DeFelice, S Xu, J Ohri, R Narula, N Vyavahare, N Levy, RJ AF Connolly, JM Alferiev, I Clark-Gruel, JN Eidelman, N Sacks, M Palmatory, E Kronsteiner, A DeFelice, S Xu, J Ohri, R Narula, N Vyavahare, N Levy, RJ TI Triglycidylamine crosslinking of porcine aortic valve cusps or bovine pericardium results in improved biocompatibility, biomechanics, and calcification resistance - Chemical and biological mechanisms SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOPROSTHETIC HEART-VALVE; TENASCIN-C; MATRIX; GLUTARALDEHYDE; INHIBITION; PROGRESSION; STENOSIS; RATS; DEGENERATION; PREVENTION AB We investigated a novel polyepoxide crosslinker that was hypothesized to confer both material stabilization and calcification resistance when used to prepare bioprosthetic heart valves. Triglycidylamine (TGA) was synthesized via reacting epichlorhydrin and NH3. TGA was used to crosslink porcine aortic cusps, bovine pericardium, and type I collagen. Control materials were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (Glut). TGA-pretreated materials had shrink temperatures comparable to Glut fixation. However, TGA crosslinking conferred significantly greater collagenase resistance than Glut pretreatment, and significantly improved biomechanical compliance. Sheep aortic valve interstitial cells grown on TGA-pretreated collagen did not calcify, whereas sheep aortic valve interstitial cells grown on control substrates calcified extensively. Rat subdermal implants (porcine aortic cusps/ bovine pericardium) pretreated with TGA demonstrated significantly less calcification than Glut pretreated implants. Investigations of extracellular matrix proteins associated with calcification, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9, tenascin-C, and osteopontin, revealed that MMP-9 and tenascin-C demonstrated reduced expression both in vitro and in vivo with TGA crosslinking compared to controls, whereas osteopontin and MMP-2 expression were not affected. TGA pretreatment of heterograft biomaterials results in improved stability compared to Glut, confers biomechanical properties superior to Glut crosslinking, and demonstrates significant calcification resistance. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Cardiol, Abramson Res Ctr 702, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Levy, RJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Cardiol, Abramson Res Ctr 702, 3615 Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM levyr@email.chop.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P50 HL074731, HL07915, HL38118, HL74731, T32 HL007915] NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 166 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62227-4 PG 13 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 883IN UT WOS:000226004900001 PM 15631995 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, RL TI Determination of boron in materials by cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTS; BEAM AB An instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (PGAA), located at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), has proven useful for the measurement of boron in a variety of materials. Neutrons, moderated by passage through liquid hydrogen at 20 K, pass through a Ni-58 coated guide to the PGAA station in the cold neutron guide hall of the NCNR. The thermal equivalent neutron fluence rate at the sample position is 9 x 10(8) cm(-2) s(-1). Prompt gamma rays are measured by a cadmium- and lead-shielded high-purity germanium detector. The instrument has been used to measure boron mass fractions in minerals, in NIST SRM 2175 (Refractory Alloy MP-35-N) for certification of boron, and most recently in semiconductor-grade silicon. The limit of detection for boron in many materials is <10 ng g(-1). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1039/b412223b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 881JY UT WOS:000225865000015 PM 15614360 ER PT J AU Fernandez, JR Palmer, RD Chilson, PB Haggstrom, I Rietveld, MT AF Fernandez, JR Palmer, RD Chilson, PB Haggstrom, I Rietveld, MT TI Range imaging observations of PMSE using the EISCAT VHF radar: Phase calibration and first results SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biannual EISCAT International Workshop CY AUG, 2003 CL SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA HO SRI Int DE ionosphere; polar ionosphere; meteorology and atmosphere dynamics; middle atmosphere dynamics; radio science; interferometry ID MESOSPHERE SUMMER ECHOES; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETRY; IRREGULARITIES; FLUCTUATIONS; BACKSCATTER; TURBULENCE; MESOPAUSE; VICINITY; DENSITY; REGION AB A novel phase calibration technique for use with the multiple-frequency Range IMaging (RIM) technique is introduced based on genetic algorithms. The method is used on data collected with the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) VHF radar during a 2002 experiment with the goal of characterizing the vertical structure of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) over northern Norway. For typical Doppler measurements, the initial phases of the transmitter and receiver are not required to be the same. The EISCAT receiver systems exploit this fact, allowing a multistatic configuration. However, the RIM method relies on the small phase differences between closely spaced frequencies. As a result, the high-resolution images produced by the RIM method can be significantly degraded if not properly calibrated. Using an enhanced numerical radar simulator, in which data from multiple sampling volumes are simultaneously generated, the proposed calibration method is validated. Subsequently, the method is applied to preliminary data from the EISCAT radar, providing first results of RIM images of PMSE. Data using conventional analysis techniques, and confirmed by RIM, reveal an often-observed double-layer structure with higher stability in the lower layer. Moreover, vertical velocity oscillations exhibit a clear correlation with the apparent motion of the layers shown in the echo power plots. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EISCAT, Sci Assoc, S-98123 Kiruna, Sweden. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Fernandez, JR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM jose@doppler.unl.edu OI Haggstrom, Ingemar/0000-0003-1070-6915 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 207 EP 220 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908RK UT WOS:000227806900019 ER PT J AU Kalegaev, VV Ganushkina, NY Pulkkinen, TI Kubyshkina, MV Singer, HJ Russell, CT AF Kalegaev, VV Ganushkina, NY Pulkkinen, TI Kubyshkina, MV Singer, HJ Russell, CT TI Relation between the ring current and the tail current during magnetic storms SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; current systems; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; storms and substorms ID SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; GEOMAGNETIC STORM; CURRENT DYNAMICS; FIELD; DST; MAGNETOSPHERE; PHASE; MAGNETOPAUSE; DISTURBANCE; ONSET AB We study the dynamics of the magnetospheric large-scale current systems during storms by using three different magnetospheric magnetic field models: the paraboloid, event-oriented, and Tsyganenko T01 models. We have modelled two storm events, one moderate storm on 25-26 June 1998, when D-st reached - 120 nT and one intense storm on 21-23 October 1999, when D-st dropped to -250nT. We compare the observed magnetic field from GOES 8, GOES 9, and GOES 10, Polar and Geotail satellites with the magnetic field given by the three models to estimate their reliability. All models demonstrated quite good agreement with observations. Since it is difficult to measure exactly the relative contributions from different current systems to the D-st index, we compute the contributions from ring, tail and magnetopause currents given by the three magnetic field models. We discuss the dependence of the obtained contributions to the D-st index in relation to the methods used in constructing the models. All models show a significant tail current contribution to the D-st index, comparable to the ring current contribution during moderate storms. The ring current becomes the major D-st source during intense storms. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Univ St Petersburg, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kalegaev, VV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM klg@dec1.sinp.msu.ru RI Kalegaev, Vladimir/H-6117-2012; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013; Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 523 EP 533 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918YX UT WOS:000228586600023 ER PT J AU Sigsbee, K Slavin, JA Lepping, RP Szabo, A Oieroset, M Kaiser, ML Reiner, MJ Singer, HJ AF Sigsbee, K Slavin, JA Lepping, RP Szabo, A Oieroset, M Kaiser, ML Reiner, MJ Singer, HJ TI Statistical and superposed epoch study of dipolarization events using data from Wind perigee passes SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; storms and substorms; magnetotail; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; BURSTY BULK FLOWS; NEAR-EARTH TAIL; SYNCHRONOUS ALTITUDE; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; PI2 PULSATIONS; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOTAIL; SIGNATURES AB From 1995 to 2000, the Wind spacecraft spent over 500 h in the magnetotail, much of it within &SIM;\2 x 104 km of the predicted location of the neutral sheet. Wind passed through the near magnetotail at distances of - 15 R-E< X GSM<-6 RE on 35 occasions. Another 10 passes took place at distances of -30 R-E < X GSM<- 15 R-E - We identified 65 dipolarization events in the Wind magnetic field data set between Y GSM&SIM; - 16 and + 16 R-E based upon our requirements that the magnetic field inclination had to change by more than 15&DEG;, the maximum inclination angle had to be greater than 20&DEG;, and the inclination angle had to increase by a factor of at least 1.5. Most of the dipolarization events occurred in the pre-midnight region of the magnetotail and were accompanied by earthward flows with speeds greater than 100km/s. The properties of the dipolarization events did not depend upon the Y GSM position. However, they did vary with the distance to the neutral sheet. Isolated dipolarization events, defined as occur-ring more than 20 min apart, were characterized by a decrease in B-x GSM and B-TOTAL, and an increase in B-x GSM and the magnetic field inclination. Dipolarizations that occurred as part of a series of small dipolarizations spaced less than 20 min apart were characterized by a transient increase in B-x GSM and the magnetic field inclination, but no significant change in B-x GSM and BTOTAL. The events consisting of a series of small dipolarizations occurred predominantly near midnight. We interpret these results in terms of two different modes of magnetotail convection: 1) a classical substorm pattern featuring storage of magnetic energy in the tail lobes which is explosively released at onset, and 2) a directly driven process. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80305 USA. RP Sigsbee, K (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kms@beta.physics.uiowa.edu RI Slavin, James/H-3170-2012; OI Slavin, James/0000-0002-9206-724X; Sigsbee, Kristine/0000-0001-8727-380X NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 831 EP 851 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925SG UT WOS:000229073000019 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST AF Wu, CC Dryer, M Wu, ST TI Slow shock interactions in the heliosphere using an adaptive grid MHD model SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE interplanetary physics; interplanetary shocks, interplanetary magnetic fields, MHD waves and turbulence ID INTERMEDIATE SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND AB A one-dimensional (1-D), time-dependent, adaptive-grid MHD model with solar wind structure has been used in the past to study the interaction of shocks. In the present study, we wish to study some fundamental processes that may be associated with slow shock genesis and their possible interactions with other discontinuities. This adaptive-grid model, suitable for appropriate spatial and temporal numerical simulations, is used for this purpose because its finer grid sizes in the vicinity of the steep gradients at shocks make it possible to delineate the physical parameters on both sides of the shocks. We found that a perturbation with deceleration of solar wind will generate an ensemble consisting of a forward slow shock, a fast forward wave and a reverse slow shock. On the other hand, a perturbation with an increase in acceleration of solar wind will generate both a slow shock and a fast shock. These two perturbations, although not unique, may be representative of momentum and pressure changes at the solar surface. During the transition of a fast shock overtaking a slow shock from behind, the slow shock might disappear temporarily. Also, during the process of the merging of two slow shocks, a slow shock-like structure is formed first; later, the slow shock-like structure evolves into an intermediate shock-like structure. This intermediate shock-like structure then evolves into an intermediate wave and a slow shock-like structure. Finally, the slow shock-like structure evolves into a slow shock, but the intermediate wave disappears by interacting with the non-uniform solar wind. This complex behavior demonstrates the non-unique nature of the formation of slow shocks, intermediate shocks and their derivative structures. We emphasize the main aim of this work to be both: (a) non-unique input physical parameters to explain the paucity of observed slow shocks, as well as (b) the impossibility of backward tracing to the history of input boundary conditions in view of the present inability to describe unambiguous inputs at the Sun. C1 Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM wuc@cspar.uah.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1023 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 925SG UT WOS:000229073000032 ER PT J AU Tanaka, YM Ishii, M Murayama, Y Kubota, M Mori, H Yamamoto, MY Kadokura, A Lummerzheim, D Desrochers, J Evans, DS AF Tanaka, YM Ishii, M Murayama, Y Kubota, M Mori, H Yamamoto, MY Kadokura, A Lummerzheim, D Desrochers, J Evans, DS TI Comparison between CNA and energetic electron precipitation: simultaneous observation by poker flat imaging riometer and NOAA satellite SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Step Polymerization or Polycondensation CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Roanoke, VA DE energetic particles; precipitating; energetic particles; trapped; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions ID AURORAL RADIO ABSORPTION; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; MAGNETOSPHERIC ELECTRONS; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; MORNING SECTOR; POLAR-CAP; EVENTS; REGION; MESOSPHERE AB The cosmic noise absorption (CNA) is compared with the precipitating electron flux for 19 events observed in the morning sector, using the high-resolution data obtained during the conjugate observations with the imaging riometer at Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR; 65.11 degrees N, 147.42 degrees W), Alaska, and the low-alttiude satellite, NOAA 12. We estimate the CNA, using the precipitating electron flux measured by NOAA 12, based on a theoretical model assuming an isotropic pitch angle distribution, and quantitatively compare them with the observed CNA. Focusing on the eight events with a range of variation larger than 0.4 dB, three events show high correlation between the observed and estimated CNA (correlation coefficient (r(0))> 0.7) and five events show low correlation (r(0)< 0.5). The estimated CNA is often smaller than the observed CNA (72% of all data for 19 events), which appears to be the main reason for the low-correlation events. We examine the assumption of isotropic pitch angle distribution by using the trapped electron flux measured at 80 degrees zenith angle. It is shown that the CNA estimated from the trapped electron flux, assuming an isotropic pitch angle distribution, is highly correlated with the observed CNA and is often overestimated (87% of all data). The underestimate (overestimate) of CNA derived from the precipitating (trapped) electron flux can be interprcted in terms of the anisotropic pitch angle distribution similar to the loss cone distribution. These results indicate that the CNA observed with the riometer may be quantitatively explained with a model based on energetic electron precipitation, provided that the pitch angle distribution and the loss cone angle of the electrons are taken into account. C1 Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi, Japan. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairfield, CT USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. EM ytanaka@nict.go.jp OI Murayama, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-1129-334X NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1555 EP 1563 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962BQ UT WOS:000231706400005 ER PT J AU Naud, CM Muller, JP Clothiaux, EE Baum, BA Menzel, WP AF Naud, CM Muller, JP Clothiaux, EE Baum, BA Menzel, WP TI Intercomparison of multiple years of MODIS, MISR and radar cloud-top heights SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric composition and structure; instruments and techniques ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; RETRIEVAL; INSTRUMENT; SYSTEM; LIDAR AB Radar cloud-top heights were retrieved at both the Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio Research, UK (CFARR) and the ARM Southern Great Plain site, USA (SGP), using millimetre wave cloud radars and identical algorithms. The resulting cloud-top heights were used for comparison with MODIS and MISR retrieved cloud-top heights, from March 2000 to October 2003. Both imaging instruments reside on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra platform launched in 1999. MODIS and MISR cloud-top products were from the recent collections (4 and 3, respectively) that cover the entire mission. The cloud characteristics are different at each ground site, with clouds generally residing at higher altitudes at SGP, but with a greater occurrence of broken or multilayered clouds at CFARR. A method is presented to automatically eliminate scenes where clouds are of a broken nature, since it is difficult in these conditions to ensure that ground-based and satellite measurements refer to the same cloud deck. The intercomparison between MODIS and radar cloud-top heights reveals that MODIS cloud-top heights agree with radar within about 1 km for mid- and high-level clouds. However, this accuracy is degraded to nearly 3 km for low-level clouds. MISR cloud-top heights are found to agree with radar cloud-top heights to within 0.6 km, which is in line with theoretical expectations. In single-level cloud situations MODIS and MISR cloud-top heights tend to agree within 1 km. This comparison also reveals that the loss of radar sensitivity during 2001 resulted in the CFARR instrument being less accurate for high-level cloud-top height measurements. C1 UCL, Dept Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Naud, CM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM cnaud@giss.nasa.gov RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 7 BP 2415 EP 2424 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988CL UT WOS:000233568900013 ER PT J AU Draper, NC Lester, M Cowley, SWH Wild, JA Milan, SE Provan, G Grocott, A Fazakerley, AN Lahiff, A Davies, JA Bosqued, JM Dewhurst, JP Nakamura, R Owen, CJ Watermann, J Henderson, MG Singer, HJ Donovan, E AF Draper, NC Lester, M Cowley, SWH Wild, JA Milan, SE Provan, G Grocott, A Fazakerley, AN Lahiff, A Davies, JA Bosqued, JM Dewhurst, JP Nakamura, R Owen, CJ Watermann, J Henderson, MG Singer, HJ Donovan, E TI Cluster magnetotail observations of a tailward-travelling plasmoid at substorm expansion phase onset and field aligned currents in the plasma sheet boundary layer SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; magnetotail boundary layers ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; CURRENT DISRUPTION; CURRENT SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; ELECTRON; MODEL AB We present data from both ground- and space-based instruments for a substorm event which occurred on 5 October 2002, with an expansion phase onset time of 02:50 UT determined from the ground magnetometer data. During this substorm, the Cluster spacecraft were located around 15 R(E) downtail, 8 R(E) from midnight in the pre-midnight sector and just 2 R(E) above the equatorial plane (in GSM coordinates). At expansion phase onset the Cluster spacecraft were located in the plasma sheet, tailward of a near-Earth neutral line and detected a significant time delay of 6 min between the tail field B(z) component becoming negative and the subsequent detection of Earthward flows. This is explained by the formation of a tailward-directed travelling compression region initially Earthward of the spacecraft; 7 min later the Cluster spacecraft entered the plasma sheet boundary layer; they remained in and close to the plasma sheet boundary layer for around 15 min before exiting to the lobe. The spacecraft then re-entered the plasma sheet 30 min after onset. Earthward then tailward directed currents detected in the plasma sheet boundary layer after onset indicate that the Cluster spacecraft encountered the dawnward and duskward portions of the reconnection flow associated current system with Region 1 sense, respectively. The reconnection site and current system were initially skewed towards the pre-midnight sector, consistent with previous observations that found the majority of substorm onsets located in this sector. At later times the reconnection site and current system had moved towards dawn, to be located more centrally in the midnight sector. C1 Univ Leicester, Radio & Space Plasma Phys Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CNRS, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Draper, NC (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Radio & Space Plasma Phys Grp, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM ncd8@ion.le.ac.uk RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Grocott, Adrian/A-9576-2011; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Wild, James/0000-0001-8025-8869; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2005 VL 23 IS 12 BP 3667 EP 3683 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007YW UT WOS:000235008400010 ER PT J AU Bergin, MS West, JJ Keating, TJ Russell, AG AF Bergin, MS West, JJ Keating, TJ Russell, AG TI Regional atmospheric pollution and transboundary air quality management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ozone; particulates; mercury; POPs; climate ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MILK MONITORING PROGRAMS; CENTRAL-AMERICAN FIRES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASIAN AEROSOLS; TIME-SERIES AB The regional nature of several important air pollutants, which include acids, ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organics (POPs), is widely recognized by researchers and decision makers. Such pollutants are transported regionally over scales from about 100 to a few 1000s of kilometers, large enough to cross state, provincial, national, and even continental boundaries. Managing these regional pollutants requires overcoming political, economic, and cultural differences to establish cooperation between multiple jurisdictions, and it requires recognition of the linkages between pollutants and of impacts at different geographic scales. Here, regional dynamics of the pollutants are discussed, addressing them individually and as a tightly linked physical and chemical system. Collaborative efforts to characterize and manage regional pollution are presented, along with potential directions for future efforts. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM michelle.bergin@ce.gatech.edu; jwest@princeton.edu; keating.terry@epamail.epa.gov; ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu RI West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 131 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2005 VL 30 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144138 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995OE UT WOS:000234111200002 ER PT J AU Nico, JS Snow, WM AF Nico, JS Snow, WM TI Fundamental neutron physics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cold neutrons; CKM matrix; discrete symmetries; electroweak interactions; parity violation; ultracold neutrons ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENTS; TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANCE; P-ODD ASYMMETRY; INELASTICALLY SCATTERED NEUTRONS; ANGULAR-CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; INDUCED QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTION; PARITY-VIOLATING ASYMMETRY; POLARIZED THERMAL-NEUTRONS AB Experiments using slow neutrons address a growing range of scientific issues spanning nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. The field of fundamental physics using neutrons has experienced a significant increase in activity over the last two decades. This review summarizes some of the recent developments in the field and outlines some of the prospects for future research. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Indiana Univ Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jnico@nist.gov; snow@iucf.indiana.edu OI Nico, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8372-6426 NR 286 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2005 VL 55 BP 27 EP 69 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.55.090704.151611 PG 47 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 995HR UT WOS:000234091900002 ER PT J AU Albus, JS Barbera, AJ AF Albus, JS Barbera, AJ TI RCS: A cognitive architecture for intelligent multi-agent systems SO ANNUAL REVIEWS IN CONTROL LA English DT Review DE cognitive architectures; unmanned vehicles; intelligent machines; knowledge-based control; knowledge representation; recursive estimation; systems engineering; image processing AB Real-time control system (RCS) is a cognitive architecture designed to enable any level of intelligent behavior, up to and including human levels of performance. RCS consists of a multi-layered multi-resolutional hierarchy of computational agents each containing elements of sensory processing (SP), world modeling (WM), value judgment (VJ), behavior generation (BG), and a knowledge database (KD). At the lower levels, these agents generate goal-seeking reactive behavior. At higher levels, they enable decision-making, planning, and deliberative behavior. At all levels, the architecture supports signal grounding and abductive inference. A methodology is described for designing RCS systems, and experimental results are presented from a series of performance tests designed to measure technology readiness. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Albus, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Bldg 220,Room B124,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.albus@nist.gov; anthony.barber-a@nist.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-5788 J9 ANNU REV CONTROL JI Annu. Rev. Control PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2004.12.003 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 944NW UT WOS:000230436800006 ER PT B AU Bennett, JM Flueck, JA AF Bennett, Jay M. Flueck, John A. BE Albert, J Bennett, J Cochran, JJ TI PLAYER GAME PERCENTAGE SO ANTHOLOGY OF STATISTICS IN SPORTS SE ASA-SIAM Series on Statistics and Applied Probability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BASEBALL C1 [Bennett, Jay M.] Bell Commun Res Inc, Morristown, NJ 07960 USA. [Flueck, John A.] NOAA, ERL, Washington, DC USA. RP Bennett, JM (reprint author), Bell Commun Res Inc, Morristown, NJ 07960 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-89871-587-3 J9 ASA SIAM SER STAT AP PY 2005 VL 16 BP 87 EP 89 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718386.ch12 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718386 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BNG38 UT WOS:000274501400012 ER PT S AU Michaels, CA Chase, DB Stranick, SJ AF Michaels, CA Chase, DB Stranick, SJ BE Batteas, JD Michaels, CA Walker, GC TI Chemical imaging of heterogeneous polymeric materials with near-field IR mircroscopy SO APPLICATIONS OF SCANNED PROBE MICROSCOPY TO POLYMERS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Scanned Probe Microscopy to Polymers held at the 214th National ACS Meeting CY MAY, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; RESOLUTION; ARTIFACTS; CONTRAST; PROBES; LASER AB The development of techniques to probe spatial variations in chemical composition on the nanoscale continues to be an important area of research in the characterization of polymeric materials. Recent efforts have focused on the development and characterization of near-field microscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region. This technique involves coupling the high spatial resolution of near-field scanning optical microscopy with the chemical specificity of infrared absorption spectroscopy. This chapter describes the application of this technique to the chemical imaging of a polymer composite consisting of polystyrene particles dispersed in a poly (methyl methacrylate) thin film. Particular focus is placed on utilizing the measured spectral contrast to identify the nature and magnitude of the various sources of image contrast, including near-field coupling, topography induced optical contrast, scattering, and absorbance. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Labs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Labs, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3883-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 897 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0897.ch004 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Microscopy; Polymer Science GA BCK43 UT WOS:000229739600004 ER PT S AU Goldner, LS Fasolka, MJ Goldie, SN AF Goldner, LS Fasolka, MJ Goldie, SN BE Batteas, JD Michaels, CA Walker, GC TI Measurement of the local diattenuation and retardance of thin polymer films using near-field polarimetry SO APPLICATIONS OF SCANNED PROBE MICROSCOPY TO POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Applications of Scanned Probe Microscopy to Polymers held at the 214th National ACS Meeting CY MAY, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE CRYSTALS; 2-MODULATOR GENERALIZED ELLIPSOMETRY; COPOLYMER-HOMOPOLYMER BLENDS; DILUTE COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; MAGNETIC DOMAINS; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLARIZATION CONTRAST; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS AB Near-field scanning optical microscopy and Fourier analysis polarimetry are combined to obtain quantitative maps of the local retardance, (resulting from strain or crystalline birefringence), fast axis orientation, diattenuation and diattenuating axis orientation in nanostructured polymer thin films. Lateral resolution of 50 nm with retardance sensitivity as small as 1 mrad has been demonstrated in images of isotactic PS crystallites and diblock copolymer morphologies. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3883-9 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2005 VL 897 BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1021/bk-2005-0897.ch006 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Microscopy; Polymer Science GA BCK43 UT WOS:000229739600006 ER PT S AU Ignatov, A Laszlo, I AF Ignatov, A Laszlo, I BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Equator crossing times for NOAA satellites SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE NOAA; equator crossing time; orbital drift ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ORBIT DRIFT; AVHRR; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT AB The local Equator Crossing Times (EXT) of all NOAA platforms have been summarized as a function of time and approximated analytically. The fit equations (superposition of two harmonic terms, with platform-specific amplitudes, frequencies, and phases) accurately reconstruct all past EXTs to within +/- 2 min and also allow extrapolation in time. Fit equations are summarized and used to predict the future EXT evolution. This information is important for generation of meaningful environmental and stable climate data records from data of all radiometric sensors onboard NOAA platforms. C1 NOAA NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.577948 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900002 ER PT S AU Hillger, DW DeMaria, M Purdom, JFW Barnet, CD AF Hillger, DW DeMaria, M Purdom, JFW Barnet, CD BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Risk reduction activities for future GOES-R instrumentation SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE GOES-R; satellite; imagery; soundings; mesoscale ID COMPONENT IMAGE-ANALYSIS; VOLCANIC ASH; MODIS AB This paper discusses activities related to mesoscale product development in preparation for the GOES-R satellite to be launched in 2012. These new image products will feature improved spatial, temporal, spectral, and radiometric resolution compared to current GOES imagery. Emphasis in this paper is on simulations of GOES-R data using observations from existing operational and experimental satellites. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, RAMM Team, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hillger, DW (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, RAMM Team, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.569076 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900008 ER PT S AU Scofield, RA Kuligowski, RJ Davenport, JC AF Scofield, RA Kuligowski, RJ Davenport, JC BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI The satellite-derived hydro-estimator and hydro-nowcaster for mesoscale convective systems and landfalling tropical systems SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE satellite; precipitation; nowcast ID RAINFALL; SENSOR; AMSU AB For over two decades, meteorologists at the Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) of the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) have provided manual satellite precipitation estimates as guidance for National Weather Service (NWS) field forecasters during heavy rain and flash flood situations. Scientists at the NESDIS Office of Research and Applications (ORA) have developed a number of tools to automate and streamline the processes of both estimating current precipitation and nowcasting near-term precipitation from satellite data. These tools are discussed and illustrated in this paper. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Scofield, RA (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.577850 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900012 ER PT S AU Le Marshall, J Weng, FZ Lord, S Riishojgaard, LP Phoebus, P Yoe, J AF Le Marshall, J Weng, FZ Lord, S Riishojgaard, LP Phoebus, P Yoe, J BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI The joint center for satellite data assimilation - Formation and achievements SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PART I; MODEL; PREDICTION; WATER; INITIALIZATION; CLOUDS AB The Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) was established by NASA and NOAA in 2001, with the DoD becoming a partner in 2002. The goal of the JCSDA is to accelerate the use of observations from earth-orbiting satellites in operational numerical analysis and prediction models for the purpose of improving weather forecasts, improving seasonal to interannual climate forecasts, and increasing the accuracy of climate data sets. Advanced instruments of the current and planned satellite missions, do and will increasingly provide large volumes of data related to atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface state. These data will exhibit accuracies and spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions never before achieved. The JCSDA will ensure that the maximum benefit from investment in space is realised from the advanced global observing system. It will also help accelerate the use of satellite data from both operational and experimental spacecraft for weather and climate related activities. To this end the advancement of data assimilation science by JCSDA has included the establishment of the JCSDA Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) and continual upgrades including, the incorporation of AIRS and snow and ice emissivity models for improving the use of microwave sounding data over high latitudes, preparation for use of METOP IASI/AMSU/HSB, DMSP SSMIS and CHAMP GPS data, real-time delivery of EOS-Aqua AMSR-E to NWP centers, and improved physically based SST analyses. Eighteen other research projects are also being supported by the JCSDA (e.g. use of cloudy radiances from advanced satellite instruments) to develop a state of-the-art satellite data assimilation system. The work undertaken by the JCSDA represents a key component of GEOSS. In particular data assimilation, data impact studies, OSSEs, THORPEX and network design studies are key activities of GEOSS. C1 NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.578472 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900015 ER PT S AU Weng, FZ Zhu, T AF Weng, FZ Zhu, T BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Uses of satellite microwave measurements to improve hurricane predictions SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE AMSU; hurricane prediction ID DATA ASSIMILATION; INITIALIZATION; SIMULATION; SCHEME; MODEL; IMPACT AB Numerical simulations of hurricanes often require an initial vortex field because the hurricane forecast models normally run at higher resolutions and the wind fields from the global forecast models tend to be too weak, especially for hurricanes at their incipient stages. A scheme was developed to produce more realistic hurricane vortices using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data (Zhu et al. 2002). Recently, several improvements were made to the scheme, including one-dimension variational analysis of atmospheric temperature profiles and two-dimensional optimal interpolation of the retrieved temperatures into the NCEP GFS data assimilation (GDAS) analysis fields for the three-dimension atmospheric temperature field within the storm and its environment. The analysis scheme is also generalized by using AMSU temperature anomaly fields, rather than the temperature itself and is therefore applicable for any NWP model outputs. It is shown that predictions of Hurricane Isabel (2003) from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model can be significantly improved with the AMSU derived hurricane initial vortex, in terms of improvements in storm tracks and intensity. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 721, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.569827 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900018 ER PT S AU Heidinger, AK Goldberg, MD Tarpley, D Jelenak, A Pavolonis, M AF Heidinger, AK Goldberg, MD Tarpley, D Jelenak, A Pavolonis, M BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI A new AVHRR cloud climatology SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE clouds; remote sensing; satellites; meteorology ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; CHANNELS; DATASET; MODIS AB The NOAA/NESDIS Office of Research and Applications (ORA) has embarked on a pilot data stewardship project aimed at improving the data record from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). One part of this larger project includes the generation of a new cloud climatology from the Extended AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres (PATMOS-x) data set. Included within the PATMOS-x data-stream is a full suite of cloud products including various cloud amounts. This paper compares the PATMOS-x cloud amount time series for all July data (1982-2004) to the cloud amount time series from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and University of Wisconsin High Resolution Infrared Sounder (UW/HIRS) data sets. The results indicate that the large intersatellite discontinuities in the total amount seen in the original PATMOS are reduced in PATMOS-x. The total cloud for July time series from PATMOS-x, UW/HIRS and PATMOS show little trend over the period studied but that ISCCP time series does indicate a continuous downward trend When comparing the time series of high cloud amount, it was that PATMOS-x shows no significant trend in high cloud from 20S to 20N. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Jelenak, Aleksandar/F-5595-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.579047 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900020 ER PT S AU Ignatov, A Sapper, J Pichel, W Maturi, E Harris, A Strong, AE Bayler, E Laszlo, I Nalli, N Li, XF AF Ignatov, A Sapper, J Pichel, W Maturi, E Harris, A Strong, AE Bayler, E Laszlo, I Nalli, N Li, XF BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Global diagnostics of the operational AVHRR SST and aerosol retrievals from NOAA-16 and-17 SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE NOAA; AVHRR; aerosol optical depth; sea surface temperature; consistency checks ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; INFORMATION-CONTENT; CONSISTENCY CHECKS; SENSITIVITY; MULTIYEAR; AERONET; OCEANS AB Under cloud-free conditions during the daytime, global synergistic retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST) and aerosol optical depths (AOD, or) are made from the AVHRR instruments flown onboard polar-orbiting sun-synchronous NOAA-16 (equator crossing time, EXT similar to 1400) and -17 (EXT similar to 1000) satellites. Validation against buoys and sun-photometers is customarily considered the ultimate check of the quality and accuracy of SST and AOD retrievals. However, ground-truth data are not available globally and their quality is non-uniform. Moreover, the remotely-sensed parameters may not be fully comparable with their counterparts measured from the surface (e.g. skin vs. bulk SST), and the current procedures to merge data in space and time are not fully objective and may themselves introduce additional errors. In this paper, we propose to supplement the traditional validation with another global diagnostic system. The proposed Quality Control/Assurance (QC/QA) system is based on a comprehensive set of statistical self- and cross-consistency checks. Here, it is illustrated with 8 days of global NOAA-16 and -17 data in December 2003. The AODs and SST anomalies have been first aggregated into 1-day, 1-degree boxes, and their global statistics examined. Analyses are best done in anomalies from the expected state (climatology), which is currently available for the SST but not for the ACID. Histograms of NOAA-16 and -17 SST anomalies are highly correlated (R similar to 0.77), both showing an approximately Gaussian shape, with a mean of similar to+0.3K and RMS similar to 1K. AODs also show much similarity but reveal significant cross-platform biases. The magnitudes and even the signs of these biases are band-specific, suggesting that they are due to calibration differences between the two AVHRRs flown on the two platforms. Recall that the AVHRR solar reflectance bands used for aerosol retrievals lack on-board calibration, and therefore may be subject to large calibration errors. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010; Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.1117/12.577952 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900021 ER PT S AU Ignatov, A Cao, CY Sullivan, J Levin, R Wu, XQ Galvin, R AF Ignatov, A Cao, CY Sullivan, J Levin, R Wu, XQ Galvin, R BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI In-flight measurements of space count in the AVHRR solar reflectance bands SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE AVHRR; calibration; solar reflectance bands; space count; zero count ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; AEROSOL RETRIEVALS; THERMAL CALIBRATION; INFRARED CHANNELS; IR CHANNELS; NOAA-9; IMAGERS; OCEAN AB The solar reflectance bands (SRB) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) flown onboard NOAA satellites are often referred to as non-calibrated in-flight. In contrast, the Earth emission bands (EEB) are calibrated using two reference points, deep space and the internal calibration target. In the SRBs, measurements of space count (SC) are also available, however, historically they are not used to specify the calibration offset ("zero count", ZC), which does not even appear in the calibration equation. A regression calibration formulation is used instead, equivalent to setting the ZC to a constant, whose value is specified from pre-launch measurements. Our analyses supported by a review of the instrument design and a wealth of historical SC information show that the SC varies in-flight and it differs from its pre-launch value. We therefore suggest that (1) the AVHRR calibration equation in the SRBs be re-formulated to explicitly use the ZC, consistently with the EEBs, and (2) the value of ZC be specified from the onboard measurements of SC. This study emphasizes the importance of clear discrimination between the SC (which is a measured quantity and therefore takes on a range of values, characterized by the empirical probability density function, PDF), from the ZC (which is a parameter in the calibration equation, i.e. a number whose value needs to be estimated from the measured SC as a mean, median or other statistic of the measured PDF). The ZC-formulation of the calibration equation is physically solid, and it minimizes human-induced calibration errors resulting from the use of a regression formulation with an un-constrained intercept. Specifying the calibration offset improves radiances, most notably at the low end of radiometric scale, and subsequently provides for more accurate vicarious determinations of the calibration slope (inverse gain). These calibration improvements are important for the products derived from the AVHRR low-radiances, such as aerosol over ocean, and particularly critical when generating their long-term climate data records. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Appl, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1117/12.577954 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900025 ER PT S AU Menzel, WP Wylie, DP Jackson, DL Bates, JJ AF Menzel, WP Wylie, DP Jackson, DL Bates, JJ BE Menzel, WP IWasaki, T TI Global cloud cover trends inferred from two decades of HIRS observations SO APPLICATIONS WITH WEATHER SATELLITES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications with Weather Satellites II CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Polar-Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Integrated Program Off, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Chinese Soc Oceanog, Chinese Meterol Adm DE infrared remote sensing; cloud trends; weather satellites ID ISCCP AB Cloud cover information and the frequency of upper tropospheric clouds have been extracted from NOAA/HIRS polar orbiting satellite data from 1979 to 2001. The HRS/2 sensor was flown on nine satellites from TIROS-N through NOAA 14 during this time forming a consistent 22-year record. CO2 slicing was used to infer cloud amount and height. Trends in cloud cover and high cloud frequency are small in these data. High clouds show small but statistically significant increasing trends in the tropics and northern hemisphere. The HIRS analysis contrasts with that from the ISCCP which shows decreasing trends in both total cloud cover and high clouds during most of this period. The EMS detection of upper tropospheric thin cirrus creates most of the difference with respect to ISCCP; GLAS observations of high thin clouds are largely in agreement with the MS. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RP Menzel, WP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5619-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5658 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1117/12.579775 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BBT11 UT WOS:000227664900029 ER PT J AU Xiong, XZ McMillin, LM AF Xiong, XZ McMillin, LM TI Alternative to the effective transmittance approach for the calculation of polychromatic transmittances in rapid transmittance models SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMITTANCE; ABSORBING GAS; COMPUTATIONALLY FAST; MIXING RATIOS; OPTRAN AB Many current rapid transmittance algorithms, specifically the Optical Path Transmittance (OPTRAN), are based on use of effective transmittances to account for the effects of polychromatic radiation on the transmittance calculations. We document how OPTRAN was modified by replacing the effective transmittance concept with a correction term. Use of the correction term solves some numerical problems that were associated with use of effective transmittances, greatly reduces the line-by-line computational burden, and allows for the efficient inclusion of more gases. This correction method can easily be applied to any other fast models that use the effective transmittance approach. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xiong, XZ (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, 4500 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM larry.mcmillin@noaa.gov RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000067 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 887RM UT WOS:000226323200010 PM 15662887 ER PT J AU Fox, RW Diddams, SA Bartels, A Hollberg, L AF Fox, RW Diddams, SA Bartels, A Hollberg, L TI Optical frequency measurements with the global positioning system: tests with an iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SAPPHIRE FEMTOSECOND OSCILLATOR; BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; STANDARDS; MICROWAVE; COMB; LINK AB Global positioning system- (GPS-) referenced optical frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers offer calibrations for length metrology traceable to international length standards through the SI second and the speed of light. The absolute frequency of an iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser [I-127(2) R(127) 11-5 f component] was measured with a femtosecond comb referenced to a multichannel GPS timing receiver. The expected performance and limitations of GPS-referenced comb measurements are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fox, RW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.fox@nist.gov RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000113 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 887RM UT WOS:000226323200015 PM 15662892 ER PT J AU McKinsey, DN Coakley, KJ AF McKinsey, DN Coakley, KJ TI Neutrino detection with CLEAN SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet; liquid neon; neutrino; scintillation; wavelength shifter ID LIQUID-HELIUM; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; ALPHA-PARTICLE; ULTRAVIOLET; LUMINESCENCE; SCATTERING; SEARCH; XENON; NEON; TIME AB This article describes CLEAN, an approach to the detection of low-energy solar neutrinos and neutrinos released from supernovae. The CLEAN concept is based on the detection of elastic scattering events (neutrino-electron scattering and neutrino-nuclear scattering) in liquified noble gases such as liquid helium, liquid neon, and liquid xenon, all of which scintillate brightly in the ultraviolet. Key to the CLEAN technique is the use of a thin film of wavelength-shifting fluor to convert the ultraviolet scintillation light to the visible, thereby allowing detection by conventional photomultipliers. Liquid neon is a particularly promising medium for CLEAN. Because liquid neon has a high scintillation yield, has no long-lived radioactive isotopes, and can be easily purified by use of cold traps, it is an ideal medium for the detection of rare nuclear events. In addition, neon is inexpensive, dense, and transparent to its own scintillation light, making it practical for use in a large self-shielding apparatus. The central region of a full-sized detector would be a stainless steel tank holding approximately 135 metric tons of liquid neon. Inside the tank and suspended in the liquid neon would be several thousand photomultipliers. Monte Carlo simulations of gamma ray backgrounds have been performed assuming liquid neon as both shielding and detection medium. Gamma ray events occur with high probability in the outer parts of the detector. In contrast, neutrino scattering events occur uniformly throughout the detector. We discriminate background gamma ray events from events of interest based on a spatial maximum likelihood method estimate of event location. Background estimates for CLEAN are presented, as well as an evaluation of the sensitivity of the detector for p-p neutrinos. Given these simulations, the physics potential of the CLEAN approach is evaluated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McKinsey, DN (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM daniel.mckinsey@yale.edu NR 57 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5-6 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2004.10.003 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 886IJ UT WOS:000226220100002 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Yoon, SC Jefferson, A Ogren, JA Dutton, EG Won, JG Ghim, YS Lee, IB Han, JS AF Kim, SW Yoon, SC Jefferson, A Ogren, JA Dutton, EG Won, JG Ghim, YS Lee, IB Han, JS TI Aerosol optical, chemical and physical properties at Gosan, Korea during Asian dust and pollution episodes in 2001 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Asian dust and pollution; light scattering; light absorption; aerosol radiative forcing; Gosan ID ACE-ASIA; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SEA; VARIABILITY; PARTICLES; REGION; SITES; CHINA; MODEL AB In order to understand the influence of dust and anthropogenic pollution aerosols on regional climate in East Asia. we analyzed the aerosol optical, chemical and physical properties for two cases with high aerosol loading and assessed the radiative forcing of these cases. The 1st case study is a heavy dust episode (DE) in April (during ACE-Asia) 2001 and the 2nd case is a regional-scale pollution event in November 2001. The Angstrom exponent (Angstrom) for DE was. VIS from sunphotometer measurements. The mean single scattering albedo (550 nm) at the surface reported during the pollution episode (PE, 0.88) was lower than that of DE (0.91). The concentrations of organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) measured during the PE were about 90% and 30% higher than DE. The aerosol mass scattering efficency (alpha(s)) of PE is a factor of about 2 higher than that of the DE. The difference in the mass absorption efficiency (z(a)) of EC during DE and PE is small and within the measurement uncertainty. The diurnally averaged aerosol radiative forcing efficiency (DeltaDFE, W m(-2) tau(-1)) during DE is similar to results of other studies at Gosan. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Air Resource Res Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. Natl Inst Environm Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Inchon, South Korea. RP Jefferson, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, R-CMDLI,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM anne.jefferson@noaa.gov RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.056 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 887RC UT WOS:000226322200005 ER PT J AU Jaffe, D Tamura, S Harris, J AF Jaffe, D Tamura, S Harris, J TI Seasonal cycle and composition of background fine particles along the west coast of the US SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosols; Asian pollutants; long-range transport ID UNITED-STATES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT; ASIA; AMERICA; EMISSIONS; SULFATE; TRENDS AB We used aerosol data from 4 sites along the west coast of the U.S. to evaluate the role of transport, seasonal pattern, chemical composition and possible trends in the marine background aerosol for the Pacific Northwest. For the Crater Lake samples, the data have been segregated using 10 day back isentropic trajectories to evaluate the role of transport. Our analysis of the segregated data indicates that the trajectories can successfully separate "locally influenced" from "marine background" aerosol, but are not able to identify a significant difference in the mean concentrations during marine vs Asian transport pathways. The background marine aerosol has an annual mean and median concentrations of 2.0 and 1.5 mug m(-3), respectively, for particles less than 2.5 mum diameter. There is a seasonal pattern in all components of the aerosol mass, with a summer maximum and winter minimum. This pattern is most likely due to the strong seasonal pattern in precipitation, which peaks in winter, combined with enhanced sources in summer. The Crater Lake marine aerosol composition is dominated by organics (similar to40% by mass), with smaller contributions from sulfates, mineral dust and elemental carbon. Analysis of the background marine aerosol found no apparent trend since 1988. This is in contrast to results reported by Prospero et al. (J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) 4019) for nss-SO42- samples from Midway Island in the North Pacific. Comparison of the mean concentrations for each site shows that the Midway samples are significantly more influenced by Asian industrial sources of sulfur, compared to Crater Lake, which implies a substantial loss of nss-SO42- from Asian sources that occurs during transit across the Pacific to Crater Lake due to precipitation scavenging. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Washington Univ, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. EM djaffe@u.washington.edu NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.atmonsenv.2004.09.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 889QV UT WOS:000226458400009 ER PT S AU Ralchenko, Y Fuhr, JR Jou, FC Kramida, AE Martin, WC Podobedova, LI Reader, J Saloman, EB Sansonetti, JE Wiese, WL AF Ralchenko, Y Fuhr, JR Jou, FC Kramida, AE Martin, WC Podobedova, LI Reader, J Saloman, EB Sansonetti, JE Wiese, WL BE Kato, T Funaba, H Kato, D TI New generation of the NIST atomic spectroscopic databases SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the 4th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications (ICAMDATA2004)/14th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (ITC 14) CY OCT 05-08, 2004 CL Toki, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Fus Sci Assoc, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Assoc Super Adv Elect Technol, Hitachi Res Lab, Hitachi Ltd, PEGASUS Software Inc, Inoue Fdn Sci, Nippon Sheet Glass Fdn Mat Sci & Engn ID ENERGY-LEVELS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; COMPILATION AB The latest advances in development of atomic spectroscopic databases at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) result from implementation of modem technologies in database management and database-user interaction. Here we report a number of recently developed and updated databases that exemplify this trend, and outline future plans for expansion and enhancement of the NIST atomic databases. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0256-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 771 BP 276 EP 285 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCO49 UT WOS:000230415200030 ER PT S AU Phillips, WD Porto, J AF Phillips, WD Porto, J BE Marcassa, LG Bagnato, VS Helmerson, K TI Experiments with cold atoms in optical lattices SO Atomic Physics 19 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Conselho Nacl Desenvalvirmento Cientif Tecnol, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Superior, Univ Sao Paulo, Financiadora Estudos Projectos, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Off Naval Res, Toptica, Coherent, Sachers, Inst Phys, Sci Amer DE rubidium; Bose-Einstein condensation; quantum optics ID IMPENETRABLE BOSONS; GAS C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, WD (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0255-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 770 BP 14 EP 24 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BCL87 UT WOS:000229959800003 ER PT S AU Greiner, M Regal, CA Jin, DS AF Greiner, M Regal, CA Jin, DS BE Marcassa, LG Bagnato, VS Helmerson, K TI Fermionic condensates SO Atomic Physics 19 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Conselho Nacl Desenvalvirmento Cientif Tecnol, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Superior, Univ Sao Paulo, Financiadora Estudos Projectos, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Off Naval Res, Toptica, Coherent, Sachers, Inst Phys, Sci Amer DE fermionic condensate; Bose-Einstein condensate; BCS-BEC crossover ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAS; ATOMS AB Ultracold atomic gases have proven to be remarkable model systems for exploring quantum mechanical phenomena. Experimental work on gases of fermionic atoms in particular has seen large recent progress including the attainment of so-called fermionic condensates. In this article we will discuss this recent development and the unique control over interparticle interactions that made it possible. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Greiner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0255-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 770 BP 209 EP 217 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BCL87 UT WOS:000229959800021 ER PT S AU Barrett, MD Schaetz, T Chiaverini, J Leibfried, D Britton, J Itano, WA Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Ozeri, R Wineland, DJ AF Barrett, MD Schaetz, T Chiaverini, J Leibfried, D Britton, J Itano, WA Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Ozeri, R Wineland, DJ BE Marcassa, LG Bagnato, VS Helmerson, K TI Quantum information processing with trapped ions SO Atomic Physics 19 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Physics CY JUL 25-30, 2004 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Conselho Nacl Desenvalvirmento Cientif Tecnol, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Superior, Univ Sao Paulo, Financiadora Estudos Projectos, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Off Naval Res, Toptica, Coherent, Sachers, Inst Phys, Sci Amer DE trapped ions; entaglement; information ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; ENTANGLED STATES; TELEPORTATION; GATE; COMMUNICATION; REALIZATION; DECOHERENCE; COMPUTATION; OPERATIONS AB We summarize two experiments on the creation and manipulation of multi-particle entangled states of trapped atomic ions - quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation. The techniques used in these experiments constitute an important step toward performing large-scale quantum information processing. The techniques also have application in other areas of physics, providing improvement in quantum-limited measurement and fundamental tests of quantum mechanical principles, for example. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barrett, MD (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0255-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 770 BP 350 EP 358 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BCL87 UT WOS:000229959800035 ER PT J AU Mates, SP Settles, GS AF Mates, SP Settles, GS TI A study of liquid metal atomization using close-coupled nozzles, Part 1: Gas dynamic behavior SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM POWDERS; SUPERSONIC JETS; FLOW; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; INSTABILITY; WAKE AB Liquid metal atomization using close-coupled nozzles is an established technique for fabricating fine (< 100-mum) metal powders for a variety of industrial uses. Despite its widespread use, however, the interrelationships among gas dynamics, nozzle geometry, processing parameters, and particle size remain ill-defined. As a result, efforts to reduce powder costs by improving particle size control and energy efficiency remain hindered. This study examines and compares examples of a convergent and a converging-diverging (c-d) close-coupled nozzle on the basis of their gas dynamic behavior (Part 1) and their liquid metal atomization performance (Part 2). In Part 1, Schlieren photography and Mach number and Pitot pressure measurements are used to characterize the gas dynamic behavior of the nozzles (without liquid metal present) operating at stagnation pressures between 2 and 5 MPa. In Part 2, their liquid metal atomization behavior is examined by high-speed Schlieren photography, and particle size distributions are measured to compare their atomization performance. Results showed that the two nozzles performed similarly in gas flow and atomization tests over most of the range of P. examined, despite their significantly different geometries. The active atomization zone appeared to extend far downstream, indicating that gas velocity decay by turbulent diffusion may play a limiting role in atomization. This also suggests that the importance of the gas-to-liquid mass flux ratio has a physical basis associated with a ratio of velocity decay length to breakup length scales. These observations have potentially important implications for designing efficient liquid metal atomization processes for producing low-cost metal powders. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Gas Dynam Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1044-5110 EI 1936-2684 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 19 EP 40 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v15.i1.20 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 898JS UT WOS:000227073700002 ER PT J AU Mates, SP Settles, GS AF Mates, SP Settles, GS TI A study of liquid metal atomization using close-coupled nozzles, Part 2: Atomization behavior SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID GAS ATOMIZATION; SIZE; FLOW; STREAM; JET AB In this article we examine the gas dynamic and atomization behavior of a convergent and a converging-diverging (c-d) close-coupled nozzle used to fabricate fine metal powders by gas atomization. Part 1 of this article characterized and compared the gas dynamic behavior of the two nozzles over a range of nozzle stagnation pressures. Part 2 focuses on the liquid metal atomization behavior of these nozzles. A high-speed Schlieren technique is used to visualize liquid metal breakup behavior simultaneously with the supersonic gas flow pattern in which it occurs. At all conditions examined, atomization is characterized by a coarse but "prompt" primary breakup stage followed by a more energetic secondary breakup stage that takes place over an extended distance from the nozzle tip. The reduction in particle size observed with increasing stagnation pressure is believed to be due in large part to the increase in the supersonic length of the gas jets that extend away from the nozzle tip because of enhanced secondary breakup. As expected, the c-d nozzle did not produce finer powder than the convergent nozzle at stagnation pressures where they produced similarly long gas-only supersonic jets. Overall the present experiments suggest that partide size refinement is influenced by the ratio of the velocity decay length scale and the secondary breakup length scale, a quantity that is plysically related to the gas-to-liquid metal mass flux ratio. Because such length scales have not been previously considered new opportunities may exist to significantly improve particle size control and energy efficiency in this costly powder manufacturing process. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Gas Dynam Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1044-5110 EI 1936-2684 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v15.i1.30 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 898JS UT WOS:000227073700003 ER PT S AU Phillips, PJ AF Phillips, PJ BE Kanade, T Jain, A Ratha, NK TI Privacy operating characteristic for privacy protection in surveillance applications SO AUDIO AND VIDEO BASED BIOMETRIC PERSON AUTHENTICATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication CY JUL 20-22, 2005 CL Hilton Rye Town, NY SP IAPR, IBMRes, Identix, Motorola Biometr, Springer, Proximex, TBS, Us Biometr, VideoMining ID FACE-RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS AB With the mass deployment of cameras, concern has risen about protecting a person's privacy as he goes about his daily life. Many of the cameras are installed to perform surveillance tasks that do not require the identity of a person. In the context of surveillance applications, we examine the trade-off between privacy and security. The trade-off is accomplished by looking at quantitative measures of privacy and surveillance performance. To provide privacy protection we examine the effect on surveillance performance of a parametric family of privacy function. A privacy function degrades images to make identification more difficult. By varying the parameter, different levels of privacy protection are provided. We introduce the privacy operating characteristic (POC) to quantitatively show the resulting trade-off between privacy and security. From a POC, policy makers can select the appropriate operating point for surveillance systems with regard to privacy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-27887-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3546 BP 869 EP 878 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCT50 UT WOS:000231117100091 ER PT S AU Thomas, JP Barnes, PW AF Thomas, JP Barnes, PW BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Benthic habitats and effects of fishing: Linking geology, biology, socioeconomics, and management in fisheries - An introduction SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB This volume focuses on the effects of fishing activities on benthic habitats and the related science and knowledge needed to understand and quantify those effects, as well as to suggest new ways to address these effects for sustainable fisheries and healthy, diverse ecosystems. The papers in this volume and the fact that certain topics had limited representation suggest several information and research needs for the future. Foremost among these, in our opinion, are Systematic physical and biological characterization (maps) of the U.S. exclusive economic zone seabed in priority areas. A national seabed classification scheme. Linkage of fisheries and supporting communities to benthic habitat character and dynamics. Comparisons of natural change and human induced change caused by fishing and other activities. Temporal and spatial distributions of fishing effort by fishery and gear type. Extrapolation of site-specific, fishing-caused seabed habitat changes to effects on fishery stocks, the ecosystem and its goods and services, and ultimately the public. Understanding socioeconomic effects of fishing, management alternatives, and significance to society, the resource, and the ecosystem. Gear modification and development research to minimize adverse effects of fishing on seabed habitat. New technology for assessing seabed habitat. National research plan to fill the information needs of resource managers and policy makers required to address issue of alterations to seabed habitat caused by fishing. Discussion of restrictions or bans on trawling and use of certain other fishing gear in areas where coral, sponge, and other large-structure-forming, seabed organisms exist. Including less developed countries in research and management discussions addressing fisheries issues. Continued national and international interaction, communication, and development of constructive ways forward. C1 NOAA Fisheries, US Dept Commerce, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thomas, JP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, US Dept Commerce, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900001 ER PT S AU Hogarth, WT AF Hogarth, WT BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Keeping our fisheries sustainable SO BENTHIC HABITATS AND THE EFFECTS OF FISHING SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID EASTERN BERING SEA; HABITAT AB The topic of this symposium, effects of fishing activities on benthic habitats, is a subject charged with controversy, complexity, and socioeconomic significance. Concern about the effects of fishing comes at a time when the sustainability of fisheries and maintenance of healthy ecosystems are being questioned. Are fishing activities detrimental to habitat? When and where might they be more or less damaging? The U.S. Congress, under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, has directed us to address the issue. This symposium is one of the means by which we gain new information for future evaluation and appropriate management of fishing activities that affect benthic habitat. We also are addressing the issue through research. With the appropriate information, we will move forward together-fishers, scientists, managers, environmentalists, and other stakeholders. C1 NOAA, Assistant Adm Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hogarth, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Assistant Adm Fisheries, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2005 VL 41 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900002 ER PT S AU Wakefield, WW Whitmire, CE Clemons, JER Tissot, BN AF Wakefield, WW Whitmire, CE Clemons, JER Tissot, BN BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Fish habitat studies: Combining high-resolution geological and biological data SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Traditionally, estimates of the distribution and abundance of exploited groundfish species and their associated habitats are based on fishery-dependent sampling of catch and fishery-independent survey data using fishing gears such as trawls and a variety of fixed gears. Survey data are often collected as individual samples integrated over a scale of kilometers, compiled at a larger geographic scale (100 km), and extrapolated to an overall estimate of stock size. Considerations of the nonextractive effects of fishing on habitat are extremely limited. Within the past 15 years, a number of collaborations have developed among marine ecologists, fisheries scientists, and marine geologists hallmarked by an integration of sonar mapping of the seafloor with ground-truthing (verification of type of substratum) and direct observation and enumeration of fish and invertebrate populations in the context of their seafloor habitat. An example of such work, targeting a 725-km(2), deepwater, rocky bank from the Oregon continental margin, Heceta Bank, is chronicled in this review. The approaches that have been applied to characterize groundfish-habitat relationships in this region have evolved from stand-alone, human-occupied submersible observations to fully interdisciplinary programs employing the most advanced technologies available to marine research. The combination of multibeam swath mapping sonars and accurate geographic positioning systems has enhanced mapping the seafloor and benthic habitats. The challenge now is to efficiently relate small-scale observations and assessments of animal-habitat associations to the large geographic scales on which fisheries operate. Large-scale benthic habitat characterization at appropriate scales is critical to the accurate assessment of fish stocks on a spatial scale pertinent to fisheries and those natural physical and biological processes and anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., fishing gear impacts) that influence them. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Wakefield, WW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2032 Southeast OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 119 EP 138 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900009 ER PT S AU Malecha, PW Stone, RP Heifetz, J AF Malecha, PW Stone, RP Heifetz, J BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Living substrate in Alaska: Distribution, abundance, and species associations SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB "Living substrate" has been identified as an important marine habitat and is susceptible to impacts from fishing activities. In Alaskan waters of the North Pacific and Bering Sea. little is known about the distribution of deepwater living substrate such as sponges (phylum Porifera), sea anemones (order Actiniaria), sea whips and sea pens (order Permatulacea), ascidians (class Ascidiacea), and bryozoans (phylum Ectoprocta). Based on 26 years of survey data (mostly from catches in bottom trawls collected between 1975 and 2000). we created living substrate distribution maps. In general, the five groups of living substrate were observed in varying densities along the continental shelf and upper continental slope. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of sponges was greatest along the Aleutian Islands, while CPUEs of ascidians and bryozoans were greatest in the Bering Sea. Large CPUEs of sea anemones. sea pens, and sea whips were observed in both the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Broad-scale species associations between living substrate and commercially important fishes and crabs were also identified. Flatfish (Bothidae and Pleuronectidae) were most commonly associated with ascidians and bryozoans; gadids (Gadidae; also known as cods) with sea anemones, sea pens, and sea whips; rockfish (Sebastes spp. and shortspine thornyhead Sebastolobus alascanus) and Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius with sponges; crabs (Chionoecetes spp., Paralithodes spp., Lithodes spp., Dungeness crab Cancer magister, and hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii) with ascidians, and other commercial fish species (sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, Hexagrammidae, and Rajidae) with sea pens and sea whips. These data should provide resource managers with insight into living Substrate distribution and relationships among benthic community organisms and, ultimately, with future in-depth studies, may aid in determining specific areas for habitat protection and facilitate management practices that minimize fishery impacts to living substrate. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Malecha, PW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 289 EP 299 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900024 ER PT S AU Link, J Almeida, F Valentine, P Auster, P Reid, R Vitaliano, J AF Link, J Almeida, F Valentine, P Auster, P Reid, R Vitaliano, J BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI The effects of area closures on Georges Bank SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB In late 1994, substantial portions of Georges Bank were closed to commercial fishing to assist with stock rebuilding. These areas were Closed Area I (CAI), located on the western portion of the bank., and Closed Area II (CAII), on the eastern portion. After about 5 years of closure, the southern portion of CAII and the central portion of CAI, having exhibited substantial increases in biomass and density of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus, were reopened to scallop fishing. Before the industry was allowed entry, we conducted surveys to monitor the recovery of benthic habitat and fauna inside both areas. Sampling sites were selected in a paired station design for an inside-outside comparison representative of major habitat types in each closed area; other stations were chosen to survey the remainder of the closed areas. At each station, we examined a suite of biotic and abiotic variables ranging from substrate type to benthos to nekton. Our results suggest few differences between the inside-outside paired stations in both closed areas for nekton and benthic species composition and species richness. Fish abundance and biomass were similar inside and outside the closed areas. However, individuals of species such as skates (Raja spp.), haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, and flounders (Pleuronectiformes) were generally larger inside than outside the closed areas. Additionally, habitat type was important in determining the distribution, abundance, biomass, size, and feeding ecology for some of the more benthic-oriented species studied. In CAI, the differences we observed in the suite of biotic metrics are likely a result of the high diversity of habitat types, with many of the habitat types composed of higher-relief material (e.g., cobble, gravel, etc.) in the region. The seabed in the southern portion of CAII is a relatively high-energy sand habitat of low to moderate complexity and has a relatively low vulnerability to trawling and dredging, which may explain why there were less pronounced differences in abundance or biomass across habitat types in that closed area as compared to CAI. Other parts of closed areas on the northeastern shelf may exhibit more obvious changes in the same biological metrics due to the presence of more complex habitats and increased vulnerability to bottom tending fishing gear. Those differences we observed for CAI and CAII may have implications for the population dynamics of commercially valuable benthic species, yet that question remains a major challenge. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 345 EP 368 PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900027 ER PT S AU McConnaughey, RA Syrjala, SE Dew, CB AF McConnaughey, RA Syrjala, SE Dew, CB BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Effects of chronic bottom trawling on the size structure of soft-bottom benthic invertebrates SO BENTHIC HABITATS AND THE EFFECTS OF FISHING SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Chronic bottom trawling reduces benthic biomass, but it is generally unknown whether this represents a decrease in numbers of individuals or their mean body size. Because this distinction provides insight into the mechanisms of disturbance and recovery, we investigate the matter here. Using comprehensive historical effort data, adjacent untrawled (UT) and heavily trawled (HT) areas were identified along the boundary of a long-standing no-trawl zone in Bristol Bay, a naturally disturbed offshore area of the eastern Bering Sea. The study site was shallow (44-52 m) with a sandy substrate, ubiquitous bottom ripples, and strong tidal currents. A modified research trawl was used to collect 42 HT-UT paired samples of benthic infauna and epifauna. These data were used to compare mean sizes (kg) of 16 invertebrate taxa. On average, 15 of these taxa were smaller in the HT area, and the overall HT-UT difference in body size was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). However, individually, only the whelk Neptunea spp. (P = 0.0001) and Actiniaria (P = 0.002) were significantly smaller in the HT area after correcting for multiple tests. Mean size of red king crabs Paralithodes camtschaticus was 23% greater in the HT area (P = 0. 17). Supplemental length-frequency data indicate that substantially fewer small red king crabs, rather than more large individuals, occupy the HT area (P = 0.0001). Finally, a large number of within-year, within-taxon comparisons of mean body size were made using 1982-2001 U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service trawl survey data collected in the same closed area. Overall, these comparisons indicate natural variability of body size in UT areas is large relative to the observed HT-UT differences due to chronic bottom trawling. Since active fishing in the HT area occurred 3 or more years before our field sampling program, our findings reflect conditions associated with an intermediate level of recovery. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM bob.mcconnaughey@noaa.gov; steve.syrjala@noaa.gov; braxton.dew@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2005 VL 41 BP 425 EP 437 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900032 ER PT S AU Stone, RP Masuda, MM Malecha, PW AF Stone, RP Masuda, MM Malecha, PW BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Efects of bottom trawling on soft-sediment epibenthic communities in the Gulf of Alaska SO BENTHIC HABITATS AND THE EFFECTS OF FISHING SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID GRAND-BANKS; BERING SEA; ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT; NEWFOUNDLAND; ATLANTIC; SHELF; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS AB The goal of this study was to determine if chronic bottom trawling in some of the more heavily trawled areas in the central Gulf of Alaska has altered soft-bottom marine communities. Spatial distribution and abundance of epifauna were examined at two sites that overlapped areas open to trawling and closed areas where bottom trawling had been prohibited for 11-12 years. Video strip transects of the seafloor were collected at each site from a manned submersible. Transects were bisected by the boundary demarcating open and closed areas. The positions of 155,939 megafauna were determined along 89 kin of seafloor. At both sites, we detected general and site-specific differences in epifaunal abundance and species diversity between open and closed areas, which indicate the communities in the open areas had been subjected to increased disturbance. Species richness was lower in open areas. Species dominance was greater in one open area, while the other site had significantly fewer epifauna in open areas. Both sites had decreased abundance of low-mobility taxa and prey taxa in the open areas. Site-specific responses were likely due to site differences in fishing intensity, sediment composition, and near-bottom current patterns. Prey taxa were highly associated with biogenic and biotic structures; biogenic structures were significantly less abundant in open areas. Evidence exists that bottom trawling has produced changes to the seafloor and associated fauna, affecting the availability of prey for economically important groundfish. These changes should serve as a "red flag" to managers since prey taxa are a critical component of essential fish habitat. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Stone, RP (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM bob.stone@noaa.gov; michele.masuda@noaa.gov; pat.malecha@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2005 VL 41 BP 461 EP 475 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900034 ER PT S AU Sheridan, P Doerr, J AF Sheridan, P Doerr, J BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Short-term effects of the cessation of shrimp trawling on Texas benthic habitats SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB We compared sediments and benthos of two adjacent zones of the middle Texas coast, one of which was closed to shrimp trawling for 7 months. We hypothesized that the no-trawling zone would experience accumulation of fine surficial sediments, leading to increased proportions of silt, clay, and organic matter and decreased proportions of rubble and sand. We also hypothesized that cessation of trawling would affect benthic community structure, directly or indirectly leading to altered types and densities of dominant taxa between zones. During June 2001, divers collected benthos and sediment cores from 32 sites in each zone, using random stratified sampling based on previously mapped sediments. Benthic organisms were identified to family or higher taxonomic levels, counted, and weighed. Our study indicated that the predicted accumulation of fine materials over the 7-month closure did not occur, as we found no sedimentary differences that could not be referenced to sampling design. This lack of change was likely due to the short closure period and to the shallow, sand-dominated nature of the study zones, wherein winter storms, summer tropical cyclones, and seasonally reversing coastal currents more likely influence long-term sediment structure than does presence or absence of shrimp trawling. Densities and biomasses of most abundant taxa and major taxonomic groups were similar between zones, although there were significant differences between zones for nemerteans, amphipods, mactrid clams, and spionid polychaetes. Our data indicate that ambient shrimp trawling effort during winter and spring off the middle Texas coast had little impact on small benthic organisms. A better way to determine whether community and ecosystem structure (and function) might be different from what we now see is to make comparisons between areas closed to all extractive uses for an extended period of time (years to decades) and areas open to all maritime users. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Sheridan, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 571 EP 578 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900042 ER PT S AU Uhrin, AV Fonseca, MS DiDomenico, GP AF Uhrin, AV Fonseca, MS DiDomenico, GP BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Effect of Caribbean spiny lobster traps on seagrass beds of the Florida keys national marine sanctuary: Damage assessment and evaluation recovery SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB In the Florida Keys, traps for spiny lobsters (also known as Caribbean spiny lobster) Panulirus argus are often deployed in seagrass beds. Given that several hundred thousand traps may be deployed in one fishing season, the possibility exists for significant impacts to seagrass resources. The question was whether standard fishing practices observed in the fishery actually resulted in injuries to seagrass. This study was designed to measure the degree of injury to seagrass as a function of trap deployment duration (soak time) and habitat type (seagrass species) and the recovery of seagrass following trap removal. Aspects of the deployment and retrieval process were not examined. Sampling grids composed of 30 3-m x 3-m squares were arbitrarily established within each of three monospecific seagrass beds (two of Thalassia testudinum and one of Syringodium filiforme) near Marathon, Florida. Five squares within each grid remained trap-free (controls) while the remaining squares each received a single trap. Five traps from each grid were randomly removed at each of five soak times (ranging from I to 24 weeks). Immediately before deployment and following trap removal, seagrass short shoot densities were recorded and compared among controls and treatments. Both seagrass species exhibited significantly decreased shoot densities after 6-week and 24-week soak times. Thalassia testudinum densities within the 6-week and 24-week treatments had returned to control densities 4 months after trap removal, while densities of S. filiforme remained significantly decreased at the end of 24 weeks. We conclude that traps must be recovered within a 6-week period, beyond which injury to seagrass beds is predicted, with long lasting effects to beds of S. filiforme. Within the limits of these testing parameters, it appears that standard fishing practices (typically < 5-week soak time) should not result in a significant injury to seagrass beds in the Florida Keys. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 579 EP 588 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900043 ER PT S AU Anderson, TJ Yoklavich, MM Eittreim, SL AF Anderson, TJ Yoklavich, MM Eittreim, SL BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Linking fine-scale groundfish distributions with large-scale seafloor maps: Issues and challenges of combining biological and geological data SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB Groundfishes are an important fishery resource on the West Coast of the United States, but their population sizes have undergone dramatic declines in recent years. A number of areabased management and assessment strategies have been suggested to help rebuild and monitor these populations. Most groundfish species have strong affinities with specific substratum types, resulting in spatially patchy distributions. Hence, incorporating information on the types and amounts of seafloor substrata present (i.e., habitat availability) into sample design and biomass assessment of groundfish populations could increase the precision and accuracy of fish density and, consequently, population abundance estimates. The success of using habitat availability as a proxy for fish abundance, however, is contingent on the ability to identify those measurable habitat characteristics (e.g., substratum type, depth, relief, etc.) that fish respond to, precisely estimating fish densities within those habitats, and accurately characterizing and delineating these same characteristics across large areas (i.e., seafloor substratum maps). Characterizing seafloor substratum over a large area is not an exact process, but rather, it commonly uses remotely collected information (e.g., acoustic data, sediment samples, and local geology) to infer the seafloor characteristics. As a consequence, combining estimates of fine-scale fish density per unit area of habitat and the amount of each habitat type to generate a population abundance estimate will reflect the combination of the uncertainty and error in both estimates. If sampling uncertainty or error is large for either estimate (error and uncertainty around the largest mean will be the most critical), then the final population abundance estimate might be of little use to managers. We examine a case study in which an in situ groundfish survey, conducted in an area where a detailed seafloor substratum map was available, suggested that maps-even with suboptimal resolution could be used to increase precision in estimates of fish density. In considering the issues and challenges encountered in linking geological and biological data, it is vital to determine the level of resolution required in the seafloor substratum map, which will depend on the degree of habitat specificity to which the organism responds. Further considerations include whether the mapping technology and methodology can achieve this level of resolution and, finally, whether this sampling approach is cost effective. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 667 EP 678 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900048 ER PT S AU Rose, CS Jorgensen, EM AF Rose, CS Jorgensen, EM BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Spatial and temporal distributions of bottom trawling off Alaska: Consideration of overlapping effort when evaluating the effects of fishing on habitat SO Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB The spatial and temporal distribution of fishing effort is a critical component in assessing the effects of bottom fishing gear on benthic habitats. Fishing effort influences habitat unevenly in space and time, creating areas swept once or several times interspersed with areas unaffected by fishing gear. When initial sweeps by fishing gear damage or remove habitat features. subsequent overlapping sweeps may produce less additional damage or removal effects than comparable fishing would produce on unaffected habitat. Therefore, assuming fishing effort is uniform. with minimal overlap, may produce errors in estimating the area and effects of fishing on habitat. The distribution of bottom trawl effort off Alaska fro In 1997 to 2001 was used to examine changes in the estimated distribution and intensity of bottom trawl sweeps due to (I) the size of blocks used to accumulate data and (2) the assumptions used to model the distribution of fishing within blocks. The use of larger (20 x 20 km and 60 x 60 km) analytical blocks underestimated the amount of effort that overlapped previous tows by averaging effort from high-intensity locations over larger areas. Even with the smallest block size (5 x 5 kin), use of statistical distributions that did not allow variation within blocks of fishing intensity (uniform) or the probability of being swept (Poisson) underestimated overlap relative to a distribution which modeled the contagious nature of fishing effort (negative binomial). Comparison of these models with the observed distribution of the 2001 fishery for Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius indicated even more overlap in the fishery than even a highly contagious (N = 2) negative binomial distribution could emulate. Fishing distributions with reduced overlap overestimated habitat reductions when applied to a simple model of fishing effects and also overestimated the total area subject to being swept by gear and the average frequency of sweeping. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rose, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2005 VL 41 BP 679 EP 690 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900049 ER PT S AU Fogarty, MJ AF Fogarty, MJ BE Barnes, BW Thomas, JP TI Impacts of fishing activities on benthic habitat and carrying capacity: Approaches to assessing and managing risk SO BENTHIC HABITATS AND THE EFFECTS OF FISHING SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID FISHERY MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; RESERVES; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; DYNAMICS; AREAS; GEAR AB The need to consider the direct and indirect effects of fishing activities on the productivity of marine populations, communities, and ecosystems is now widely appreciated. Fishery management strategies have traditionally centered on controlling the direct effects of harvesting on the productivity of exploited stocks. Recognition of the need to consider the broader ecosystem effects of fishing has focused attention on management strategies also designed to preserve vulnerable habitats. conserve biodiversity, and protect ecosystem goods and services. Here, it is shown that if fishing activity simultaneously results in removal of target species and in habitat degradation affecting carrying capacity, fundamental changes in the shape of the production function result, and the corresponding biological reference points are altered relative to the case where fishing only results in removal of biomass. Further, the time scales of recovery (or indeed whether recovery is possible) from an over-exploited state may depend substantially on the recovery of habitat and benthic productivity. If these effects remain unrecognized. the risk to the population(s) and the ecosystem as a result of fishing are exacerbated. Managing risk in this context entails evaluating alternative hypotheses concerning the habitat effects of fishing and tailoring management approaches to the specific risks engendered by different fishing practices. Tactical management strategies available to address these risks include (1) overall effort controls, (2) changes in gear design or fishing practices, and (3) use of various forms of spatial management strategies including marine protected areas and regions zoned for the use of particular gear types only. A full evaluation of risk will involve assessment of additional stressors in relation to fishing-related impacts on marine ecosystems. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Fogarty, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mfogarty@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-60-3 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2005 VL 41 BP 769 EP 784 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCZ76 UT WOS:000232152900055 ER PT S AU Burguera, EF Guitian, F Chow, LC AF Burguera, EF Guitian, F Chow, LC BE Li, P Zhang, K Colwell, CW TI A rapid setting TTCP-DCPD cement. Study of the setting reaction as a function of time SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 17 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY DEC 08-12, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP DePuy Inc, Ktryker Orthopaed, Zimmer Inc, Smith & Nephew Orthopaed, CeramTec, Cam Implants BV DE calcium phosphate cement; compressive strength; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; hydroxyapatite formation; setting reaction; tetracalcium phosphate AB The progression of the setting reaction of a tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) -dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) rapid setting cement was investigated as a function of time. Compressive strength and extent of conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA) were obtained at different incubation times. The results indicated a rapid development of both strength and HA conversion in the early stages of the reaction, which slowed down after 4 h, presumably as a result of HA formation on the surface of the reactants. This hypothesis was supported by scanning electron microscopy examination of cement fracture surfaces. C1 NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, ADAF, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Ceram Galicia, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. RP Burguera, EF (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, ADAF, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elena.burguera@nist.gov; cekiko@usc.es; larry.chow@nist.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-961-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 284-286 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBZ54 UT WOS:000228359500004 ER PT S AU Sun, LM Chow, LC Takagi, S Burguera, EF Frukhtbeyn, SA AF Sun, LM Chow, LC Takagi, S Burguera, EF Frukhtbeyn, SA BE Li, P Zhang, K Colwell, CW TI Influence of particle size on DCPD hydrolysis and setting properties of TTCP/DCPD cement SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 17 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY DEC 08-12, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP DePuy Inc, Ktryker Orthopaed, Zimmer Inc, Smith & Nephew Orthopaed, CeramTec, Cam Implants BV DE calcium phosphate cement CPC; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate DCPD; hydrolysis; kinetics; particle size; setting time; tetracalcium phosphate TTCP ID DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE AB This study investigated the effects of particle size on the hydrolysis reaction of DCPD at pH 7 and 37 degrees C and on the setting properties of a TTCP/DCPD cement. The kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction was controlled by a nucleation and growth mechanism following an initial induction period. The data suggested that nucleation occurred at one time and the growth was interface-control led. DCPD of a smaller particle size led to an earlier and faster DCPD hydrolysis. The corresponding TTCP/DCPD cement hardened more rapidly and with less residual DCPD. C1 NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, LM (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM limin.sun@nist.gov; larry.chow@nist.gov; shozo.takagi@nist.gov; elena.burguera@nist.gov; estan.frukhtbeyn@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-961-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 284-286 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBZ54 UT WOS:000228359500006 ER PT S AU Zhang, K Bell, DC Francis, LF AF Zhang, K Bell, DC Francis, LF BE Li, P Zhang, K Colwell, CW TI A/W bioactive glass particles in HEPES solutions SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 17 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY DEC 08-12, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP DePuy Inc, Ktryker Orthopaed, Zimmer Inc, Smith & Nephew Orthopaed, CeramTec, Cam Implants BV DE bioactive glass; calcium phosphates; HEPES; mineralization; pH AB A/W bioactive glass (BG) particles (600-1000 microns) were soaked in 0.1 M 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solutions (0.01 g BG per 1 mL solution) at three pH ranges (acidic: 4.45-6.31, neutral: 7.45-7.64 and basic: 10.31-10.42). Crystalline calcium phosphates developed on BG surfaces after soaking in either acidic or neutral solutions. Electron diffraction (ED) results showed that whitlockite and octa-calcium phosphate (OCP) were the newly developed materials on BG in the acidic HEPES solution after soaking for 7 d and 14 d, respectively. Whitlockite also developed on the BG particles in the neutral solution of 0.5Na-HEPES after soaking for 14 d. No crystalline materials developed on BG surfaces after soaking in the basic Na-HEPES solution up to 14 d. The results of this study demonstrated that the pH of a soaking solution strongly affect both the ions release of the A/W BG particles, and the development of crystalline calcium phosphates on BG particles. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomat Grp, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Imaging & Mesoscale Struct, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kai.zhang@nist.gov; dcb@deas.harvard.edu; lfrancis@umn.edu; kai.zhang@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-961-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 284-286 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBZ54 UT WOS:000228359500123 ER PT S AU Zhang, K Washburn, NR Antonucci, JM Simon, CG AF Zhang, K Washburn, NR Antonucci, JM Simon, CG BE Li, P Zhang, K Colwell, CW TI In vitro culture of osteoblasts with three dimensionally ordered macroporous sol-gel bioactive glass (3DOM-BG) particles SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 17 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY DEC 08-12, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP DePuy Inc, Ktryker Orthopaed, Zimmer Inc, Smith & Nephew Orthopaed, CeramTec, Cam Implants BV DE apatite; bioactive glass; biocompatibility; cytotoxicity; in vitro; osteoblast; sol-gel ID MINERALIZATION; HYDROXYAPATITE; SURFACE; SILICA AB Three dimensionally ordered macroporous sol-gel bioactive glasses (3DOM-BGs) are a type of biomaterial that is both bioactive and resorbable. In this study, 80% SiO2 - 20 % CaO (molar fraction) 3DOM-BG particles were prepared using a colloidal crystal templating method via a sol-gel process. The as-prepared 3DOM-BG particles can quickly convert to a calcium-deficient, bone-like apatite after soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF). MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cultured in the presence of 3DOM-BG particles. Preliminary results from cell studies showed that 3DOM-BG particles are not cytotoxic and are compatible with MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in vitro. C1 NIST, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), NIST, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kai.zhang@nist.gov; bnewell.washburn@nist.gov; cjoseph.antonucci@nist.gov; carl.simon@nist.gov; kai.zhang@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-961-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 284-286 BP 655 EP 658 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBZ54 UT WOS:000228359500160 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Lawn, B AF Zhang, Y Lawn, B BE Li, P Zhang, K Colwell, CW TI Competing damage modes in all-ceramic crowns: Fatigue and lifetime SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 17 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY DEC 08-12, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP DePuy Inc, Ktryker Orthopaed, Zimmer Inc, Smith & Nephew Orthopaed, CeramTec, Cam Implants BV DE ceramic crowns; damage modes; fatigue; layer structures; lifetime AB A study is made of fracture from cyclic loading of WC spheres on the surfaces of brittle layers on compliant substrates, as representative of repetitive occlusal contact on dental crowns. Several damage modes-radial cracks at both top surface and cementation interface, and classical cone cracks as well as deep penetrating cone cracks from the top surface-have been identified and analyzed. The most dangerous fractures are radial cracks that initiate from either the top or bottom surfaces of the brittle layers and spread laterally to failure. In fatigue, these cracks are driven by chemical forces associated with the intrusion of water into the crack. Also dangerous are deep penetrating cone cracks which, unlike their classical cone crack counterparts, are mechanically driven by hydraulic pumping and can evolve rapidly with cyclic loading, threatening the lifetime of a dental crown veneer. C1 NIST, Div 850, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NIST, Div 850, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yu.zhang@nist.gov; brian.lawn@nist.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-961-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 284-286 BP 697 EP 700 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBZ54 UT WOS:000228359500170 ER PT S AU Skrtic, D Lee, SY Antonucci, JM Liu, DW AF Skrtic, D Lee, SY Antonucci, JM Liu, DW BE Li, P Zhang, K Colwell, CW TI Amorphous calcium phosphate based polymeric composites: Effects of polymer composition and filler's particle size on composite properties SO BIOCERAMICS, VOL 17 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine CY DEC 08-12, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP DePuy Inc, Ktryker Orthopaed, Zimmer Inc, Smith & Nephew Orthopaed, CeramTec, Cam Implants BV DE amorphous calcium phosphate; biaxial flexure strength; composite; degree of vinyl conversion; ion release; water sorption AB This study explores how a) the resin grafting potential for amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and b) particle size of ACP affects physicochemical properties of composites. Copolymers and composites were evaluated for biaxial flexure strength (BFS), degree of vinyl conversion (DC), mineral ion release and water sorption (WS). Milled ACP composites were superior to unmilled ACP composites and exhibited 62% and 77% higher BFS values (dry and wet state, respectively). The average DC of copolymers 24 h after curing was 80%. DC of composites decreased 10.3% for unmilled Zr-ACP and 4.6 % for milled Zr-ACP when compared to the corresponding copolymers. The WS increased as follows: copolymers < milled Zr-ACP composites < unmilled Zr-ACP composites. The levels of Ca and PO4 released from both types of composites increased with the increasing EBPADMA/TEGDMA ratio in the matrix. They were significantly above the minimum necessary for the redeposition of HAP to occur. No significant consumption of released calcium by the carboxylic groups of methacryloxyethyl phtahalate (MEP) occurred at a mass fraction of 2.6% of MEP in the resin. Improvements in ACP composite's physicochemical properties are achieved by fine tuning of the resin and improved ACP's dispersion within the polymer matrix after ball-milling. C1 NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Phil Dent Clin, Seoul, South Korea. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov; lsylsm@dreamwiz.com; joe.antonucci@nist.gov; dwliu@nist.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-961-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 284-286 BP 737 EP 740 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BBZ54 UT WOS:000228359500180 ER PT J AU Wang, L Cole, KD Gaigalas, AK Zhang, YZ AF Wang, L Cole, KD Gaigalas, AK Zhang, YZ TI Fluorescent nanometer microspheres as a reporter for sensitive detection of simulants of biological threats using multiplexed suspension arrays SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYSTYRENE MICROSPHERES; WARFARE AGENTS; NANOPARTICLES; ASSAY; QUANTITATION; ANTIBODIES; INTENSITY; DYES AB We succeeded in using 40 nm FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) microspheres conjugated to antibodies as the fluorescent reporters to perform the multiplexing suspension array measurements on two simulants of biological threats, ricin (A chain) and a crude spore preparation of Bacillus globigii (Bg). The microspheres were impregnated with two types of fluorophores in equal number (similar to140 fluorophores in total per microsphere) and displayed bright PE-like fluorescence via a fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. Activated microspheres (aldehyde groups) were directly coupled to antibodies and used to form sandwich-type immunoassays in a suspension array. For the crude preparations of Bg, the assay sensitivity using antibody-conjugated microspheres is an order of magnitude higher than that using the conventional fluorescent reporter, R-phycoerythrin (PE). Using the microspheres, Bg at the concentration of 5 ng/mL can be easily detected. For ricin, the assay sensitivity was similar to that obtained using PE as the reporter, but washing the reaction mixtures resulted in the fluorescence signals that were 2-3 times higher compared to those using PE. Ricin at a concentration of 1 ng/mL can be readily identified. Importantly, the two simulants do not interfere with each other in the multiplexing experiments. The 40 nm FRET microspheres are a new sensitive alternative as fluorescent reporters for detection in suspension arrays. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Mol Probes Inc, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.1021/bc0498020 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 889NZ UT WOS:000226451000024 PM 15656591 ER PT J AU Brazhnik, KP Vreeland, WN Forry, S Kishore, R Reiner, J Helmerson, K Locascio, LE AF Brazhnik, KP Vreeland, WN Forry, S Kishore, R Reiner, J Helmerson, K Locascio, LE TI Biomimetic nanotubes in microfluidic devices SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 5A EP 5A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378500018 ER PT J AU Kuzmanovic, DA Elashvili, I Wick, C O'Connell, C Krueger, S AF Kuzmanovic, DA Elashvili, I Wick, C O'Connell, C Krueger, S TI A novel role for the MS2 phage maturation protein as revealed by small angle neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Geocenters Inc, Edgewood, MD USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 41A EP 42A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378500200 ER PT J AU Pencer, J Krueger, S Epand, R Katsaras, J AF Pencer, J Krueger, S Epand, R Katsaras, J TI Detection of submicron-sized domains or so-called "rafts" in membranes by small-angle neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 NRC SIMS, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON, Canada. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Biochem & Biomed Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 76A EP 76A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378500373 ER PT J AU Kim, J Batteas, JD Forbes, JG Wang, KA AF Kim, J Batteas, JD Forbes, JG Wang, KA TI Fabrication and characterization of patterned surfaces for single protein arrays by scanning probe techniques SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 156A EP 156A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378500754 ER PT J AU Mihailescu, M Castro-Roman, F White, S Worcester, D Majkrzak, C AF Mihailescu, M Castro-Roman, F White, S Worcester, D Majkrzak, C TI Neutron diffraction and MD simulation in conjunction for determining lipid bilayer structure SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 243A EP 243A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378501187 ER PT J AU Hwang, JS Krogmeier, JR Kim, DH AF Hwang, JS Krogmeier, JR Kim, DH TI Probing nano-environment of semiconductor single nanocrystals using single molecule confocal and chemical sensor scanning probe microscopies. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 339A EP 339A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378501649 ER PT J AU Nugent-Glandorf, L Perkins, TT AF Nugent-Glandorf, L Perkins, TT TI Measuring 0.1-nm motion in 1 MS in an optical microscope with differential-back-focal-plane detection SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, CU Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 346A EP 347A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378501686 ER PT J AU Kee, TW Cicerone, MT AF Kee, TW Cicerone, MT TI Biological imaging using broadband Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 362A EP 362A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378501764 ER PT J AU McGillivray, DJ Valincius, G Vanderah, DJ Woodward, JT Kasianowicz, JJ Loesche, M AF McGillivray, DJ Valincius, G Vanderah, DJ Woodward, JT Kasianowicz, JJ Loesche, M TI Solid-supported lipid membranes for protein incorporation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Vilnius Gedimino Tech Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 369A EP 370A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378501800 ER PT J AU Halverson, KM Panchal, RG Nguyen, TL Gussio, R Little, SF Misakian, M Bavari, S Kasianowicz, JJ AF Halverson, KM Panchal, RG Nguyen, TL Gussio, R Little, SF Misakian, M Bavari, S Kasianowicz, JJ TI Electrophysiological analysis of anthrax toxin interactions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NCI, SAIC, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, ACSL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 476A EP 477A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502319 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Krueger, S Gregurick, S AF Zhou, J Krueger, S Gregurick, S TI Theoretical prediction of SANS profiles of nucleic acids in solution from MD simulations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 513A EP 513A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502506 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ TI Functional reconstitution of protein ion channels into polymerizable phospholipid membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. USAMRIID, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 552A EP 552A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502698 ER PT J AU Siegrist, K Balu, R Gregurick, S Plusquellic, D AF Siegrist, K Balu, R Gregurick, S Plusquellic, D TI THz spectroscopy of small polypeptides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 554A EP 554A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502708 ER PT J AU Jimenez, R AF Jimenez, R TI Photon echo spectroscopy as a probe of conformational dynamics in folded and unfolded heme proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 558A EP 558A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378502731 ER PT J AU Helmerson, K Reiner, J Kishore, R Jofre, A Edgu-Fry, E AF Helmerson, K Reiner, J Kishore, R Jofre, A Edgu-Fry, E TI Stable polymer nanotubes from polymersomes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society CY FEB 12-16, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA SP Biopys Soc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 1 SU S BP 659A EP 659A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 888MM UT WOS:000226378503227 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Gaigalas, AK Reipa, V AF Wang, LL Gaigalas, AK Reipa, V TI Optical properties of Alexa (TM) 488 and Cy (TM) 5 immobilized on a glass surface SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MICROARRAYS AB The absorption and emission spectra were measured for Cy-TM5 and Alexa(TM) 488 fluorophores confined on a glass surface. The data were obtained using fluorometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Red shifts of the surface -immobilized fluorophore absorption spectra relative to the fluorophore spectra in aqueous solution were observed using both methods. We interpret these red shifts in terms of a change in, the polarizability and polarity of the effective solvent. A formula is given that can be used to estimate expected shifts in absorption and emission maxima for surface-immobilized fluorophores. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements provide identification of the fluorophores confined on a glass surface. These results suggest that the design of microarray detection systems should be based on the optical properties of fluorophores attached to the surface and not on the optical properties of fluorophores in solution. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JAN PY 2005 VL 38 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.2144/05381MT03 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 889CU UT WOS:000226421900024 PM 15679095 ER PT J AU Vershinin, A Morton, SL AF Vershinin, A Morton, SL TI Protoperidinium ponticum sp nov (Dinophyceae) from the northeastern Black Sea coast of Russia SO BOTANICA MARINA LA English DT Article DE Black Sea; clinoflagellates; Protoperidinium ponticum sp nov. AB A new dinoflagellate of the genus Protoperidinium is described from coastal waters of the northeastern Black Sea using SEM. Protoperidinium ponticum has a plate formula of Po, 4', 3a, 7 '', 4C, 6S, 5 ''', 2 ''''. The new species is recognized based on a unique set of morphological characteristics: globoid shape, large sulcal list, lack of antapical spines, descending cingular displacement 1x cingular width, and epithecal plate pattern. P. ponticum was observed in plankton samples from the August-September 2003 coastal phytoplankton peak. During previous routine phytoplankton counts by light microscopy, P. ponticum was most likely identified as Diplopsalis sp. or Oblea sp. C1 RAS, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 127220, Russia. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Vershinin, A (reprint author), RAS, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, N Maslovka 18-84, Moscow 127220, Russia. EM avershinin@mail.ru NR 10 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0006-8055 J9 BOT MAR JI Bot. Marina PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1515/BOT2005.028 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951KD UT WOS:000230928200006 ER PT J AU Pahlow, M Kleissl, J Parlange, MB Ondov, JM Harrison, D AF Pahlow, M Kleissl, J Parlange, MB Ondov, JM Harrison, D TI Atmospheric boundary-layer structure observed during a haze event due to forest-fire smoke SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric boundary layer; Baltimore PM Supersite; entrainment; forest fire; haze event; lidar ID PENETRATIVE CONVECTION; WILDLAND FIRE; GRAVITY-WAVES; ENTRAINMENT; STRATOCUMULUS; CANADA; INVERSION; TRANSPORT; AREA AB During a haze event in Baltimore, U.S.A. from July 6 to 8, 2002, smoke from forest fires in the Quebec region (Canada), degraded air quality and impacted upon local climate, decreasing solar radiation and air temperature. The smoke particles in and above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) served as a tracer and provided a unique opportunity to investigate the ABL structure, especially entrainment. Elastic backscatter lidar measurements taken during the haze event distinctly reveal the downward sweeps (or wisps) of smoke-laden air from the free atmosphere into the ABL. Visualisations of mechanisms such as dry convection, the entrainment process, detrainment, coherent entrainment structures, and mixing inside the ABL, are presented. Thermals overshooting at the ABL top are shown to create disturbances in the form of gravity waves in the free atmosphere aloft, as evidenced by a corresponding ripple structure at the bottom of the smoke layer. Lidar data, aerosol groundbased measurements and supporting meteorological data are used to link free atmosphere, mixed-layer and ground-level aerosols. During the peak period of the haze event (July 7, 2002), the correlation between time series of elastic backscatter lidar data within the mixed layer and the scattering coefficient from a nephelometer at ground level was found to be high (R = 0.96 for 7= 324 m, and R = 0.89 for z = 504 m). Ground-level aerosol concentration was at a maximum about 2 h after the smoke layer intersected with the growing ABL, confirming that the wisps do not initially reach the ground. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Environm & Appl Fluid Mech, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pahlow, M (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markus.pahlow@noaa.gov RI Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015; Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015; OI Pahlow, Markus/0000-0001-8673-2509 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 114 IS 1 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-6350-z PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897AG UT WOS:000226975800003 ER PT J AU Andriolo, A Piovezan, U da Costa, MJRP Laake, J Duarte, JMB AF Andriolo, A Piovezan, U da Costa, MJRP Laake, J Duarte, JMB TI Aerial line transect survey to estimate abundance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) (Illiger, 1815) SO BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Aerial Survey; Blastocerus dichotomus; marsh deer; Distance Sampling ID PANTANAL WETLAND; BRAZIL; CAIMAN AB The objective was to estimate abundance of marsh deer in the Parana River basin of this work. The results provided information to support further analysis of the impact of the Porto Primavera flooding lake overpopulation. Sixty-nine animals were recorded by aerial survey using distance sampling methodology. Animals were widely distributed throughout the study area. The uncorrected data resulted in a estimate density of 0.0035 ind/ha and a population size of 636 individuals. Correcting the R (0) for the animals that could be missed the calculated abundance was 896 (CV=0.27) individuals. This methodology was applied with success to survey marsh deer. The result was important to evaluate the marsh deer status in the area, and for future analysis of the impact of the flooding dam. C1 Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Univ Brasilia, EMBRAPA, Programa Posgrad Ecol, Corumba, DF, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet Jaboticabal, Dept Zootecn, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Andriolo, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, 36036 Campus Univ, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. RI Barbanti Duarte, Jose Mauricio /C-6946-2013; Piovezan, Ubiratan/G-8599-2013; Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; OI Barbanti Duarte, Jose Mauricio /0000-0002-7805-0265; Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; Paranhos da Costa, Mateus/0000-0002-0088-4008 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST TECNOLOGIA PARANA PI CURITIBA-PARANA PA RUA PROF ALGACYR MUNHOZ MADER 3775-CIC, 81350-010 CURITIBA-PARANA, BRAZIL SN 1516-8913 J9 BRAZ ARCH BIOL TECHN JI Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 807 EP 814 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 990KZ UT WOS:000233743100017 ER PT J AU McGovern, JC Sedberry, GR Meister, HS Westendorff, TM Wyanski, DM Harris, PJ AF McGovern, JC Sedberry, GR Meister, HS Westendorff, TM Wyanski, DM Harris, PJ TI A tag and recapture study of gag, Mycteroperca microlepis, off the southeastern US SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SERRANIDAE; MATURITY; PISCES; COAST AB During 1995-1999, 3876 gag, Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean, 1879), were tagged off the southeastern U.S. from North Carolina to southern Florida, primarily from commercial fishing vessels. Prior to release, the swim bladder of tagged fish was deflated with a 16-gauge hypodermic needle. Approximately 11% of the tagged fish were recaptured. Many gag (36%) moved < 2 km, however, 23% of the recaptured gag moved > 185 km. Most of the gag that moved > 185 km were tagged off South Carolina and recaptured off Georgia, Florida, and in the Gulf of Mexico. Gag tagged at depths of 20-40 m showed the greatest degree of movement while gag tagged in deeper water appeared to be relatively sedentary. Recapture rate was greatest for gag tagged off southern Florida and gag tagged off Georgia and Florida were generally recaptured near the same area that they were tagged. Recapture rate declined with increasing depth of capture of tagged fish. Depth-related mortality of degassed fish was estimated to range from 14% at 15 m to 95% at 95 m. Recapture data from 1996-1997 for gag tagged in 1996 provided an estimate of fishing mortality = 0.27. The length of gag tagged was related to depth, with significantly larger individuals occurring in water deeper than 35 m. It was estimated that 3.6% of the gag tagged during 1995-1999 were male. The mean length of gag tagged and depth of capture was greatest during the spawning season (February-April) suggesting that commercial fishermen may have targeted spawning aggregations. C1 Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. RP McGovern, JC (reprint author), SE Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 9721 Execut Ctr Dr,N, St Petersburg, FL 33720 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 898AJ UT WOS:000227047700003 ER PT J AU Fieber, LA Schmale, MC Jordi, N Orbesen, E Diaz, GA Capo, HR AF Fieber, LA Schmale, MC Jordi, N Orbesen, E Diaz, GA Capo, HR TI Von bertalanffy growth models for hatchery-reared Aplysia californica SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-FREQUENCY; SEA; CEPHALOPODA; MATURATION; HALIOTIS; CULTURE; AGE AB Two different hatchery growth studies were conducted to describe the variability in growth rates of Aplysia californica J. G. Cooper, 1863 and develop general growth models for hatchery-raised animals. Aplysia were housed at standard hatchery densities of 6-200 animals cage(-1), with cage density decreasing as animals grew. A standard fresh algal diet was administered (not ad lib.) four times weekly, at schedules dependent on animal size. Temperature and light were controlled, and other seawater parameters were optimized by a flow-through system design. Both studies reared animals from the late juvenile period (similar today 76 post-hatch). Study 1 tracked 1 mo of growth of ten individuals, two from each of five cohorts, while Study 2 followed 37 animals from three cohorts to sexual maturity. Results from Study 1 indicated that animals older than 195 d suffered losses of weight and/or length. Length- and weight-at-age data from Study 2 were fit to von Bertalanffy growth models. From these studies, we concluded that growth of individuals was not always progressive and that growth rates were highly variable. Although von Bertalanffy growth models adequately fit the growth of cohorts of A. californica in the hatchery, weight or length alone were not reliable indicators of age. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Fieber, LA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lfieber@rsmas.miami.edu RI Orbesen, Eric/D-2220-2012; OI Fieber, Lynne/0000-0002-7717-2260 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 898AJ UT WOS:000227047700006 ER PT J AU Barnston, AG Kumar, A Goddard, L Hoerling, MP AF Barnston, AG Kumar, A Goddard, L Hoerling, MP TI Improving seasonal prediction practices through attribution of climate variability SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; EL-NINO; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GCM ENSEMBLES; INDIAN-OCEAN; LA-NINA; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; FORECASTS AB Identification of the part of seasonal climate variability that is predictable from SST is discussed for benefits inf forecasting and in establishing attribution for observed climate states. C1 Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, NECP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Barnston, AG (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate Predict, Monell 227,61 Rte 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tonyb@iri.columbia.edu NR 73 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-1-59 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 896YI UT WOS:000226970100022 ER PT J AU Meehl, GA Covey, C McAvaney, B Latif, M Stouffer, RJ AF Meehl, GA Covey, C McAvaney, B Latif, M Stouffer, RJ TI Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) involves study and intercomparison of multimodel simulations of present and future climate. The simulations of the future use idealized forcing in which CO, increase is compounded 1% yr(-1) until it doubles (near year 70) with global coupled models that contain, typically, components representing atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface. Results from CMIP diagnostic sub-projects were presented at the Second CMIP Workshop held at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, in September 2003. Significant progress in diagnosing and understanding results from global coupled models has been made since the time of the First CMIP Workshop in Melbourne, Australia, in 1998. For example, the issue of flux adjustment is slowly fading as more and more models obtain stable multicentury surface climates without them. El Nino variability, usually about half the observed amplitude in the previous generation of coupled models, is now more accurately simulated in the present generation of global coupled models, though there are still biases in simulating the patterns of maximum variability. Typical resolutions of atmospheric component models contained in coupled models are now usually around 2.5degrees latitude-longitude, with the ocean components often having about twice the atmospheric model resolution, with even higher resolution in the equatorial Tropics. Some new-generation coupled models have atmospheric resolutions of around 1.5degrees latitude - longitude. Modeling groups now routinely run the CMIP control and 1% CO2 simulations in addition to twentieth- and twenty-first-century climate simulations with a variety of forcings [e.g., volcanoes, solar variability, anthropogenic sulfate aerosols, ozone, and greenhouse gases, with the anthropogenic forcings for future climate as well]. However, persistent systematic errors noted in previous generations of global coupled models are still present in the current generation (e.g., overextensive equatorial Pacific cold tongue, double ITCZ). This points to the next challenge for the global coupled climate modeling community. Planning and commencement of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) has prompted rapid coupled model development, which is leading to an expanded CMIP-like activity to collect and analyze results for the control, 1% CO2, and twentieth-, twenty-first, and twenty-second-century simulations performed for the AR4. The international climate community is encouraged to become involved in this analysis effort. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Program Climate Model Diagnosis & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Kiel, Germany. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM meehl@ncar.ucar.edu RI Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016 OI Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604 NR 5 TC 157 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-1-89 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 896YI UT WOS:000226970100024 ER PT J AU Naughton, GP Caudill, CC Keefer, ML Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC Peery, CA AF Naughton, GP Caudill, CC Keefer, ML Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC Peery, CA TI Late-season mortality during migration of radio-tagged adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Columbia River SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVERS; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SWIM SPEEDS; ENERGY USE; STEELHEAD; POPULATIONS; BASIN; TRANSMITTERS AB We radio-tagged 577 adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning to the Columbia River in 1997 to determine how migration behaviors were related to migration success in an altered river system. The probability of successful migration declined dramatically for late-entry individuals, concomitant with declines in discharge and the onset of stressful temperatures. Long dam passage times were not related to unsuccessful migration at most dams. However, when migration histories were analyzed across multiple dams or reservoirs, relatively slow migration was significantly associated with unsuccessful migration, suggesting potential cumulative effects. Median passage times at dams were rapid (7.9-33.4 h), although 0.2%-8% of salmon took more than 5 days to pass. Reservoir passage was also rapid, averaging 36.8-61.3 km(.)day(-1), and appeared to compensate for slowed migration at dams. Rates observed in the unimpounded Hanford Reach suggest that total predam migration rates may have been similar to current rates. Overall, our results suggest that cumulative effects may be more important than negative effects of passage at single dams and that hydrosystem alteration of temperature regimes in the migration corridor may have an important indirect negative impact on adults. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr NOAA Fisheries, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Naughton, GP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM naughton@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 NR 63 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 30 EP 47 DI 10.1139/F04-147 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100004 ER PT J AU Zamon, JE Welch, DW AF Zamon, JE Welch, DW TI Rapid shift in zooplankton community composition on the northeast Pacific shelf during the 1998-1999 El Nino La Nina event SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SEASONAL CYCLE; WEST-COAST; OREGON; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA; ALASKA; ISLAND AB The 1997-1998 El Nino was one of the strongest ocean warming events in the historical record followed by an equally strong cold La Nina event in 1999. We observed a rapid shift in the marine zooplankton assemblage found in the transitional area between the California Current domain and the Alaska Gyre domain. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the shift in species composition was caused primarily by changes in the relative abundance of subtropical neritic copepods normally found in the California Current domain. In 1998, the subtropical neritic copepods Paracalanus, Ctenocalanus, and Corycaeus were found as far north as 56 degrees N and occurred in 100%, 96%, and 51% of 1998 samples versus 16%, 5%, and 3% of 1999 samples. The type and magnitude of change were similar to those observed off central Oregon but differed from those observed in southeast Alaska. Results support the hypothesis that anomalous poleward transport can inject significant California Current water into the coastal circulation of the Alaska Gyre and suggest that alongshore connectivity between the two domains may extend farther to the north than previously thought. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Zamon, JE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Point Adams Field Stn, POB 155-520,Heceta Pl, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. EM jen.zamon@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1139/F04-171 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 906AY UT WOS:000227614100013 ER PT J AU Uhrin, AV Slade, CL Holmquist, JG AF Uhrin, AV Slade, CL Holmquist, JG TI Self righting in the free-living coral Manicina areolata (Cnidaria : Scleractinia): Morphological constraints SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Scleractinia; Manicina areolata; righting; coral; behavior; Caribbean ID GROWTH; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS; ECHINODERMATA; ASTEROIDEA; RESPONSES; LINNAEUS AB Free-living colonies of Manicina areolata (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) inhabiting shallow, high-energy environments, are frequently overturned by waves and currents and are able to right themselves by a variety of adaptations. Coral colony complexity and size may influence the ability to right. We experimentally tested the relationship between various coral morphological attributes (e.g., area, meander density, and shape) and time required for righting. The average time for righting was 116 h (S.E. +/- 28.7), with 86% of inverted colonies righting by the end of the 23 day experiment. Colony area was the only significant predictor of righting; large colonies were less efficient at righting. Effects of meander density and colony shape were minimal and were overwhelmed by the relatively strong influence of area. Although an increase in meander density may facilitate the process of sediment rejection in high energy environments it appears that the concomitant increase in area hinders the colony in terms of its ability to right. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Florida Wildlife Res Inst, S Florida Reg Lab, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. RP Uhrin, AV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habital Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Amy.Uhrin@noaa.gov RI Holmquist, Jeffrey/H-3188-2011 OI Holmquist, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3198-6338 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 956UO UT WOS:000231325600009 ER PT J AU Samson, E Marchand, J Snyder, KA Beaudoin, JJ AF Samson, E Marchand, J Snyder, KA Beaudoin, JJ TI Modeling ion and fluid transport in unsaturated cement systems in isothermal conditions SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diffusion; transport properties; degradation; modeling; homogenization ID HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; MULTICOMPONENT MASS-TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; CHLORIDE DIFFUSION; NUMERICAL ALGORITHM; SATURATED CONCRETE; MIGRATION; SIMULATION; SPECIATION AB A description of ionic transport in unsaturated porous materials due to gradients in the electro-chemical potential and the moisture content is developed by averaging the relevant microscopic transport equations over a representative volume element. The complete set of equations consists of time-dependent equations for both the concentration of ionic species within the pore solution and the moisture content within the pore space. The electrostatic interactions are assumed to occur instantaneously, and the resulting electrical potential satisfies Poisson's equation. Using the homogenization technique, moisture transport due to both the liquid and vapor phases is shown to obey Richards' equation, and a precise definition of the moisture content is found. The final transport equations contain transport coefficients that can be unambiguously related to experimental quantities. The approach has the advantage of making the distinction between microscopic and bulk quantities explicit. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Mat Lab, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Samson, E (reprint author), SIMCO Technol Inc, 1400 Boul Parc Technol, Quebec City, PQ G1P 4R7, Canada. EM esamson@sem.qc.ca RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 50 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 5 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.07.016 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 898ZI UT WOS:000227114300016 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP AF Bentz, DP TI Replacement of "coarse" cement particles by inert fillers in low w/c ratio concretes II. Experimental validation SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blended cements; compressive strength; hydration; modeling; particle size distribution ID HYDRATION AB It has been suggested that in low water-to-cement ratio (w/c) concretes, the "coarser" cement particles could be replaced by an "inert" filter with little loss in performance in terms of hydration and strength development. This communication presents the results of an experimental study conducted to validate this hypothesis, using a coarse limestone filler and a classified cement. The cement and limestone powders were both classified with a cutoff diameter of about 30 mum. The coarse limestone was then blended with the fine cement, and water-to-solids ratio=0.3 pastes and mortars were prepared to compare to reference (original cement powder) systems. The results for chemical shrinkage for the pastes were consistent with a simple dilution of the cement by the limestone and also with the results predicted by the CEMHYD3D hydration model. In mortars, the predicted compressive strength loss in the filled system at 7 days was consistent with model predictions, and furthermore, at 56 days, no detectable difference in strength was measured. Thus, this study further supports the idea that coarse limestones could be used to replace equivalent size cement particles in low w/c concretes with little loss in hydration and strength performance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.003 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 898ZI UT WOS:000227114300020 ER PT S AU Freiman, S AF Freiman, S BE Ewsuk, K Nogi, K Reiterer, M Tomsia, A Glass, SJ Waesche, R Uematsu, K Naito, M TI Nanotechnology - from promising to practical: the role of standards SO CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF INTERFACES FOR HIGH QUALITY ADVANCED MATERIALS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials (ICCCI 2003) CY 2003 CL Kurashiki, JAPAN ID SILICON AB Products based upon nanotechnology represent a potential market for revolutionary new materials, particularly those where one or more dimensions are less than 50 nm, e.g., films, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles. Commercialization of materials such as these will demand that consensus-based standards, e.g., common characterization and measurement techniques, be established. Such standards help facilitate commerce through more reproducible and consistent data, better specifications, and harmonized performance characteristics. In addition, standards can lend credibility to a new material, and help to educate the market as to the possibilities for applications. Examples illustrating a number of these points are presented. The needs for harmonized material measurement methods applicable to various segments of nanotechnology will be emphasized. The beneficial role of pre-normative collaborations will also be discussed. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-170-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 146 BP 453 EP 459 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BBS04 UT WOS:000227497000055 ER PT S AU Powell, CJ Smekal, W Werner, WSM AF Powell, CJ Smekal, W Werner, WSM BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI A new NIST database for the simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA): Application to angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of HfO2, ZrO2, HfSiO4, and ZrSiO4 films on silicon SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE Auger electron spectroscopy; film thickness; gate oxides; HfO2; HfSiO4; simulation; surface analysis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ZrO2; ZrSiO4 AB We describe a new NIST database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA). This database provides data for the many parameters needed in quantitative Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, AES and XPS spectra can be simulated for layered samples. The simulated spectra, for layer compositions and thicknesses specified by the user, can be compared with measured spectra. The layer compositions and thicknesses can then be adjusted to find maximum consistency between simulated and measured spectra. In this way, AES and XPS can provide more detailed characterization of multilayer thin-film materials. We report on the use of SESSA for determining the thicknesses of HfO2, ZrO2, HfSiO4, and ZrSiO4 films on Si by angle-resolved XPS. Practical effective attenuation lengths (EALs) have been computed from SESSA as a function of film thickness and photoelectron emission angle (i.e., to simulate the effects of tilting the sample). These EALs have been compared with similar values obtained from the NIST Electron Effective-Attenuation-Length Database (SRD 82). Generally good agreement was found between corresponding EAL values, but there were differences for film thicknesses less than the inelastic mean free path of the photoelectrons in the overlayer film. These differences are due to a simplifying approximation in the algorithm used to compute EALs in SRD 82. SESSA, with realistic cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering in the film and substrate materials, is believed to provide more accurate EALs than SRD 82 for thin-film thickness measurements, particularly in applications where the film and substrate have different electron-scattering properties. C1 NIST, Surface & Micranal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Micranal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000014 ER PT S AU Burgess, DR Maslar, JE Hurst, WS Moore, EF Kimes, WA Fink, RR Nguyen, NV AF Burgess, DR Maslar, JE Hurst, WS Moore, EF Kimes, WA Fink, RR Nguyen, NV BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Atomic layer deposition - Process models and metrologies SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2005 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE ALD HfO2Al2O3IR Raman model chemistry ID CHEMISTRY; SURFACE; GROWTH AB We report on the status of a combined experimental and modeling study for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2 and Al2O3. Hafnium oxide films were deposited from tetrakis(dimethylamino)hafnium and water. Aluminum oxide films from trimethyl aluminum and water are being studied through simulations. In this work, both in situ metrologies and process models are being developed. Optically-accessible ALD reactors have been constructed for in situ, high-sensitivity Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopic measurements to monitor gas phase and surface species. A numerical model using computational fluid dynamics codes has been developed to simulate the gas flow and temperature profiles in the experimental reactor. Detailed chemical kinetic models are being developed with assistance from quantum chemical calculations to explore reaction pathways and energetics. This chemistry is then incorporated into the overall reactor models. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000020 ER PT S AU Windover, D Armstrong, N Cline, JP Hung, PY Diebold, A AF Windover, D Armstrong, N Cline, JP Hung, PY Diebold, A BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Characterization of atomic layer deposition using X-ray reflectometry SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2005 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE X-ray reflectometry; atomic layer deposition; hafnium oxide; Bayesian statistics; thin films ID REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE AB This work addresses current limitations of X-ray reflectometry (XRR) for modeling thin films and provides a basis for their improvement. Better accuracy in the characterization of novel thin film structures requires better model selection techniques and better knowledge of the theoretical limitations of current XRR analysis techniques. We use hafnium dioxide (HfO2) nanoscale (approximate to 1 nm) thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to study the limitations of current techniques. These structures are of strategic importance as CMOS gate and barrier materials. We show that XRR modeling-for our measured data range and counting statistics-will fail for thicknesses less than 1 nm. We also show that a two-layer model (HfO2/SiOxHfy/Si substrate) is more plausible than a one-layer model (HfO2/Si substrate) for the measured data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000024 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, MA AF Sobolewski, MA BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Noninvasive monitoring of ion energy in an inductively coupled plasma reactor SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int AB A noninvasive method for monitoring total ion current, sheath voltage, and ion energy has been used to monitor rapid changes in etching plasmas under real process conditions. To mimic the effects of reactor malfunctions or faults, perturbations were made in the control parameters (source power, gas flow and pressure) and the resulting effects on ion current, sheath voltage and ion energy were monitored. Simultaneous measurements of sheath voltage were made using a capacitive probe, to provide additional testing and validation of the technique. In addition to providing a demonstration of the speed and accuracy of the technique, the results also provide useful insight and information about the relative importance of different types of faults and suggest methods for minimizing their effects. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sobolewski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 319 EP 323 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000050 ER PT S AU Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA AF Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI 2-D temperature mapping in fluorocarbon plasmas SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE plasma; fluorocarbon; CF4; PLIF; temperature; CF; optical diagnostics; mapping ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DISCHARGES AB Two-dimensional maps of rotational temperature in CF4 plasmas were determined using planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements of CF A(2)Sigma+ - X-2 Pi (1,0). Rotational temperatures are expected to be in equilibrium with gas temperatures under the present conditions. Experiments were performed in a capacitively-coupled, parallel-plate reactor at pressures from 27 Pa to 107 Pa and powers of 10 W to 30 W: The effects of electrode cooling and having a wafer present were also examined. Measured temperatures ranged between 273 K +/- 15 K and 480 K +/- 15 K. The strong temperature gradients found in these plasmas can have serious effects on density measurements that probe a single rotational level, as well as on reaction rate constants and interpretation of density gradients. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steffens, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 333 EP 337 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000053 ER PT S AU Windsor, E Gillen, G Bright, D Chi, P Fahey, A Batteas, J AF Windsor, E Gillen, G Bright, D Chi, P Fahey, A Batteas, J BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Techniques for improving SIMS depth resolution: C-60(+) primary ions and backside depth profile analysis SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY 2005 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE PROBE; BOMBARDMENT; FILMS; BEAM; DIFFUSION; SF5+; REDISTRIBUTION; PENETRATION; SURFACES AB We are evaluating methods to improve depth resolution for SIMS analyses of semiconductors. Two methods that show promise are: (1) backside depth profile analysis and (2) the use of cluster primary ion beams. Backside analysis improves depth resolution by eliminating sample-induced artifacts caused by sputtering through processing layers on the front side of the wafer. Mechanical backside sample preparation however, also introduces artifacts. The most troublesome artifact is inclined (non-planar) polishing. Using a combination of both secondary ion image depth profiling and image analysis techniques, the effects of inclined polishing are minimized. A Buckminsterfullerene C-60(+) primary ion source has been interfaced to a magnetic sector SIMS instrument for the purpose of depth profile analysis. Application of this source to NIST SRM 2135a (nickel/chromium multilayer depth profile standard) demonstrated that all layers of this standard were completely resolved. Initial applications of C-60(+) to silicon have produced some unexpected results that are not completely understood at this time. Research is underway to evaluate the application of C-60(+) primary ions to silicon semiconductors and other materials of interest. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015; Batteas, James/D-4144-2015 OI Batteas, James/0000-0002-6244-5000 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 349 EP 355 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000056 ER PT S AU Villarrubia, JS AF Villarrubia, JS BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Issues in line edge and linewidth roughness metrology SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE line edge roughness (LER); linewidth roughness (LWR); measurement algorithms; measurement bias ID TRANSISTOR PERFORMANCE; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; MOSFET DEVICES; LER; MODEL AB In semiconductor electronics applications, line edge and linewidth roughness are generally measured using a root mean square (RMS) metric. The true value of RMS roughness depends upon the length of edge or line that is measured and the chosen sampling interval. Additionally, the true value is obscured by a number of measurement errors: Different finite-length sections of line have randomly differing roughnesses, producing a sampling error, the expected magnitude of which depends upon the length of line that is sampled and details of its roughness power spectrum. Noise in the microscope images from which roughness is computed results in both a random measurement error and a non-random measurement bias. These issues and proposed solutions in the literature are reviewed. It is also suggested that there may be a plausible role for non-RMS metrics, for example estimation of the likelihood of width or edge position extremes based upon direct measurements of the roughness amplitude density function. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 386 EP 393 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000060 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Lin, EK Lin, QH Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JP Wu, WL AF Jones, RL Lin, EK Lin, QH Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JP Wu, WL BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Cross section and critical dimension metrology in dense high aspect ratio patterns with CD-SAXS SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE x-ray scattering; critical dimension; lithography; photoresist pattern; line width; line grating; sidewall angle AB The continuing progress of sub-65 run patterning technologies highlights the critical need for high precision metrologies capable of characterizing dense, high aspect ratio patterns. We present data from small angle x-ray scattering measurements of critical dimension and average pattern cross section of photoresist line/space patterns. The technique is non-destructive and capable of sub-nm precision in characterizing dimensions and sub-degree precision in sidewall angle of patterns with regular periodicity. Moreover, the information enabling linewidth, pitch and sidewall angle determination are decoupled. Efforts to probe line edge roughness are also discussed. The technique is applicable to dense structures of arbitrary composition with dimensions of (10 to 500) nm, including lines, vias and contact holes and buried structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000062 ER PT S AU Fu, J Dixson, R Orji, G Vorburger, T Nguyen, CV AF Fu, J Dixson, R Orji, G Vorburger, T Nguyen, CV BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Linewidth measurement from a stitched AFM image SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int ID MICROSCOPE; PROBE AB Image stitching is a technique that combines two or more images to form one composite image, which provides a field of view that the originals cannot. It has been widely used in photography, medical imaging, and computer vision and graphics. For such applications, the emphasis is on the appearance of the composite image from a rendering perspective and not on performing measurements using the composite image. The potential use of image stitching in dimensional metrology is a relatively less explored field. In our experiment, a linewidth structure with nearly vertical sidewalls is imaged by an atomic force microscope (AFM) using a multi-walled carbon nanotube tip. Since the nanotube is mounted at an angle with respect to the surface, the resulting image of such a structure exhibits significant probe-related distortion on one side but very little on the other. If the sample is rotated by 180 degrees, then both sidewalls can be accurately imaged. The two images can be stitched together to form a composite image in which both sidewalls are minimally distorted. Our paper describes AFM linewidth measurements using a composite image developed by manually stitching two individual images. The results are compared with measurements taken with critical-dimension AFM (CD-AFM), which is capable of measuring structures with near-vertical sidewalls. The challenge is to perform the stitching well enough that the composite image can be used for linewidth metrology. Our preliminary results on two different structures show agreement between image stitching and CD-AFM. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000065 ER PT S AU Keller, RR Geiss, RH Cheng, YW Read, DT AF Keller, RR Geiss, RH Cheng, YW Read, DT BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Electric current induced thermomechanical fatigue testing of interconnects SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE electrical testing; electron backscatter diffraction; interconnect reliability; thermornechanical cycling; thermornechanical fatigue; thin film fatigue ID THIN-FILMS AB We demonstrate the use of electrical methods for evaluating the thermomechanical fatigue properties of patterned aluminum and copper interconnects on silicon-based substrates. Through a careful selection of alternating current frequency and current density, we used controlled Joule heating to simulate in an accelerated manner the type of low frequency thermal stress cycles that an interconnect structure may undergo. Sources of such stressing may include power cycling, energy-saving modes, or application-specific fluctuations, as opposed to stressing at chip operating frequencies. The thermal stresses are caused by differences in thermal expansion properties between the metal and constraining substrate or passivation. Test conditions included a frequency of 100 Hz and current density of 11 - 16 MA/cm(2), which led to a cyclic temperature amplitude of approximately 100 K, and corresponding cyclic stress amplitude in excess of 100 MPa for Al-1Si and Cu lines on oxidized silicon. The failure mechanism differs from that observed in direct current electromigration studies, and involves formation of localized plasticity, which causes topography changes on the less-constrained surfaces of the interconnect. Open circuit eventually took place by melting at a region of severely reduced cross-sectional area. In these studies, both Al-1Si and Cu responded to power cycling by deforming in a manner that was highly dependent upon variations in grain size and orientation. Isolated patches of damage appeared early within the confines of individual grains or clusters of grains, as determined by automated electron backscatter diffraction. With increased cycling or with increased current density, the extent of damage became more severe and widespread. We discuss the utility of electrical methods for accelerated testing of mechanical reliability. C1 NIST, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Keller, RR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 491 EP 495 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000076 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Mulholland, GW AF Germer, TA Mulholland, GW BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Particle size metrology: Comparison between aerosol electrical mobility and laser surface light scattering techniques SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE differential mobility; light scattering; and particle ID SUBSTRATE; SPHERES AB Two different methods used to determine the size of polystyrene spheres were found to disagree by about 5%. One of the methods, differential mobility analysis, measures particles in the aerosol phase, while the other, laser surface light scattering, measures them bound to a surface. It is believed that the observed discrepancy results from deformation of the particle when it is bound to the surface. The implications of such a deformation on scanning surface inspection system calibration is discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 579 EP 583 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000089 ER PT S AU Griesmann, U Wang, QD Raymond, TD AF Griesmann, U Wang, QD Raymond, TD BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Optical flatness metrology for 300 mm silicon wafers SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE 300 mm silicon wafers; wafer thickness variation (TTV and GBIR); wafer flatness ID INTERFEROMETER AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing two interferometric methods for measuring the thickness, thickness variation, and flatness of free-standing and chucked silicon wafers with diameters up to 300 mm. The "eXtremely accurate CALIBration InterferometeR" (XCALIBIR) is a precision phase measuring interferometer with an operating wavelength of 633 nm and a test beam of 300 mm diameter. XCALIBIR is used to evaluate the flatness of chucked wafers. NIST's Infrared Interferometer (IR2) is a phase measuring interferometer that operates at 1.55 mu m and is used to measure the thickness variation of free-standing 300 mm silicon wafers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griesmann, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 599 EP 603 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000093 ER PT S AU Hacker, CA Richter, CA Richter, LJ AF Hacker, CA Richter, CA Richter, LJ BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI IR spectroscopic characterization of the buried metal interface of metal-molecule-silicon vertical diodes SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE infrared spectroscopy; organic monolayer; metal interface; RAIRS ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; NORMAL-ALKYL CHAINS; H STRETCHING MODES; JUNCTIONS; LONG; ELECTRONICS; TRANSPORT; SURFACES; SI(100) AB We have developed and utilized p-polarized backside reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (pb-RAIRS) to examine dielectrics between silicon substrates and metallic overlayers. The technique has been used to investigate oxides, organic layers on oxides, and organic layers directly attached to silicon under Au, Al, and Ti. Simultaneous electrical test structures were prepared using a capacitor mask. Little interaction of the metal with oxides was observed in contrast to the observed interaction of the metal with the organic monolayers. The vibrational data were correlated with the electrical data to establish a cohesive understanding of the buried interface. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 610 EP 614 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000095 ER PT S AU Vogel, EM AF Vogel, EM BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Ayre, CR Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Metrology for emerging devices and materials SO Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 15-18, 2005 CL Richardson, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Amer Phys Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Univ Texas Dallas, Semiconductor Int DE nanoelectronics; emerging devices; beyond CMOS ID PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY; SILICON; HOLOGRAPHY; ELECTRON; STM; TEM AB As silicon CMOS technology approaches its limits, new device structures and computational paradigms will be required to replace and augment standard CMOS devices for ULSI circuits. The extreme sensitivity of the electronic proper-ties of these devices to their nanoscale physical properties defines a significant need for precise metrology. This paper provides an overview of the characterization requirements for these technologies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, CMOS, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogel, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, CMOS, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0277-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 788 BP 650 EP 655 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDH77 UT WOS:000233588000102 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Laesecke, A Magee, JW AF Widegren, JA Laesecke, A Magee, JW TI The effect of dissolved water on the viscosities of hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CATALYSIS; MIXTURES; SOLVENTS; SALTS AB Data for viscosity vs. water content for three hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids show that their viscosities are strongly dependent on the amount of dissolved water. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Magee, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM magee@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 19 TC 186 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2005 IS 12 BP 1610 EP 1612 DI 10.1039/b417348a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 906PA UT WOS:000227653000034 PM 15770276 ER PT J AU Vorob'eva, AN Rybin, VG Zarembo, EV Boltenkov, EV AF Vorob'eva, AN Rybin, VG Zarembo, EV Boltenkov, EV TI Phytoecdysteroids from Serratula centauroides SO CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Bioorgan Chem, Far E Div, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Pacific Fisheries Sci Res Ctr, Vladivostok, Russia. RP Vorob'eva, AN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Bioorgan Chem, Far E Div, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. EM sparrowaj@mail.ru; vgrybin@inro.ru NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-3130 J9 CHEM NAT COMPD+ JI Chem. Nat. Compd. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10600-005-0090-2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 952EI UT WOS:000230984800031 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Sander, LC AF Phinney, KW Sander, LC TI Dynamically coated capillaries for enantioselective separations by capillary electrophoresis SO CHIRALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination CY JUL, 2004 CL New York, NY DE chiral separations; cyclodextrin; dynamic coating; enantiomers; EOF; reproducibility ID ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; SILICA CAPILLARIES; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES; COATINGS; CYCLODEXTRINS; SYSTEM; DRUGS; PH AB The level of variability in migration times and peak areas often encountered in capillary electrophoresis (CE) has restricted its use for routine analysis. Cationic analytes also tend to interact with the capillary wall, resulting in skewed peak shapes and reduced efficiency. We investigated a dynamic coating procedure that involves a two-step process to modify the capillary and that results in a higher but stable electro-osmotic flow (EOF) at low pH. We compared enantioselective separations of several basic compounds on unmodified and dynamically coated capillaries. A derivatized cyclodextrin was used as the chiral additive. When the dynamic coating was used, peak symmetry improved, and migration times were significantly shorter. The dynamic coating procedure also resulted in improved migration time and peak area precision. Chirality 17:S65-S69, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-0042 J9 CHIRALITY JI Chirality PY 2005 VL 17 SU S BP S65 EP S69 DI 10.1002/chir.20121 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 942ZA UT WOS:000230320200010 PM 15765536 ER PT J AU Barreiro, M Chang, P Saravanan, R AF Barreiro, M Chang, P Saravanan, R TI Simulated precipitation response to SST forcing and potential predictability in the region of the South Atlantic convergence zone SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; SCALE COMMON FEATURES; BAIU FRONTAL ZONE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; PARAMETERIZATION; OSCILLATION AB The sensitivity of the precipitation response in the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) to sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is investigated by an inter-model comparison study of ensembles of multidecadal integrations of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs)-version 1 of the NASA Seasonal-to- Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP-1) model, and the NCAR community climate model (CCM3) version 3.6.6. Despite the different physical parameterizations, the two models consistently show an SST-forced signal located mainly over the oceanic portion of the SACZ. The signal has interannual-to-decadal timescales, and consists of a shift and strengthening of the SACZ toward anomalous warm waters. A potential predictability analysis reveals that the maximum predictable variance is about 50% of the total SACZ variance over the ocean, but the signal attenuates rapidly toward the South American continent. This result implies that the land portion of the SACZ is primarily dominated by the internal variability, thereby having a limited potential predictability at seasonal timescales. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Barreiro, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM barreiro@princeton.edu RI Saravanan, Ramalingam/G-8879-2012; Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013 OI Saravanan, Ramalingam/0000-0002-0005-6907; Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0487-9 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899RV UT WOS:000227163400008 ER PT J AU Thienpont, LM Van Uytfanghe, K Marriot, J Stokes, P Siekmann, L Kessler, A Bunk, D Tai, S AF Thienpont, LM Van Uytfanghe, K Marriot, J Stokes, P Siekmann, L Kessler, A Bunk, D Tai, S TI Metrologic traceability of total thyroxine measurements in human serum: Efforts to establish a network of reference measurement laboratories SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; DEFINITIVE METHODS; STANDARDIZATION; BLOOD; MODEL; SPECIFICATIONS; PART AB Background: Assuring/demonstrating metrologic traceability of in vitro diagnostics necessitates the availability of measurand-specific reference measurement systems (RMSs) and the possibility for industry to work with competent reference measurement laboratories (RMLs). Here we report the results of a European project to investigate the feasibility of developing a RMS for serum total thyroxine. Methods: Four candidate RMLs (cRMLs) developed/implemented variants of a candidate reference measurement procedure (cRMP) based on isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sole constraint implemented was calibration with a common thyroxine primary calibrator. The RMPs were externally validated and assessed for comparability in round-robin trials using common samples, i.e., 5 lyophilized and 33 frozen native sera. At the same time, the performance of the cRMLs organized in a network was assessed. For uniform external quality assessment, common performance specifications were agreed on. Results: All cRMLs performed the cRMPs with fulfillment of the predefined specifications: total and between-laboratory CVs less than or equal to2.0% and 2.5%, respectively, and a systematic deviation less than or equal to0.9%, estimated with a target assigned from the mean of means obtained by the cRMLs. The mean expanded uncertainty for value assignment to the native sera was 2.1%. Conclusions: A network of cRMLs, with externally conformed competence to properly perform RMPs, has been established. Performance specifications were defined and will form the basis for admittance of new network members. A serum panel, successfully targeted during the validation process, is available for split-sample measurements with commercial routine measurement procedures. The model can now be used for other measurands for which traceability to the Systeme International d'Unites is needed. (C) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ghent Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Lab Govt Chemist, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. Univ Bonn, Inst Clin Biochem, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Thienpont, LM (reprint author), Ghent Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, Harelbekestr 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM linda.thienpont@ugent.be NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 883DS UT WOS:000225991100027 PM 15550472 ER PT J AU Bunk, D AF Bunk, D TI Development of a reference method for serum C-reactive protein using tandem mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A97 EP A97 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500313 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Zhang, N Hornikova, A Pfeiffer, CM Welch, MJ AF Nelson, BC Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Zhang, N Hornikova, A Pfeiffer, CM Welch, MJ TI Development of a serum-based standard reference material with certified values for homocysteine and folate SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A194 EP A194 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500631 ER PT J AU Turk, GC Duewer, DL Long, SE Burritt, MF Butz, JA AF Turk, GC Duewer, DL Long, SE Burritt, MF Butz, JA TI Proposed process for a NIST traceable clinical reference laboratory network SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN USA. RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PY 2005 VL 51 SU 6 BP A200 EP A200 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YH UT WOS:000229452500649 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Larson, DM AF Lew, DK Larson, DM TI Valuing recreation and amenities at San Diego county beaches SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE beach amenities; coastal recreation; economic value; recreation demand; San Diego ID DEMAND MODELS; OPPORTUNITY COST; TIME; BENEFIT; CHOICE AB Policymakers and analysts concerned with coastal issues often need economic value information to evaluate policies that affect beach recreation. This paper presents economic values associated with beach recreation in San Diego County generated from a recreation demand model that explains a beach user's choice of which beach to visit. These include estimates of the economic values of a beach day, beach closures, and beach amenities. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 1 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.1080/08920750590883079 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886CZ UT WOS:000226205800005 ER PT B AU Puglise, KA Brock, RJ McDonough, JJ AF Puglise, KA Brock, RJ McDonough, JJ BE Freiwald, A Roberts, JM TI Identifying critical information needs and developing institutional partnerships to further the understanding of Atlantic deep-sea coral ecosystems SO COLD-WATER CORALS AND ECOSYSTEMS SE Erlangen Earth Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY SEP, 2003 CL Erlangen, GERMANY DE deep-sea coral; institutional partnerships; North Atlantic ID PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; HABITAT; ALASKA; REEFS; ASSOCIATIONS; PROTECTION; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; IMPACTS AB The deep-sea (> 200 m) represents the largest portion of the ocean, but it is probably the least understood because of the technological challenges and financial resources required to explore and research this environment. With the advancement of underwater technology, astonishing images of deep-sea corals living at depths from the surface to greater than 1000 m are now becoming available to both policy makers and the public. More specifically, in the North Atlantic Ocean, these images have led many countries to begin to assess the distribution, status, health, and potential threats faced by these important ecosystems, which appear to be connected by the uniting influence of the Gulf Stream and its associated currents. Since deep-sea coral ecosystems extend beyond national boundaries and encounter similar threats, it was determined that a cooperative effort on both sides of the Atlantic could be beneficial to maximize available resources, share expertise, and exchange data to rapidly increase scientific understanding of deep-sea coral ecosystems. Thus, an international Deep-Sea Corals Workshop was held to identify critical information needs related to: locating and mapping deep-sea corals; understanding more about coral biology and ecology; and using specific deep-sea coral species as indicators of climate change. Priority information needs identified at the workshop were the need to: (1) conduct both low- and high-resolution mapping to locate and characterize deep-sea coral habitats; (2) conduct research on factors that influence deep-sea coral life history patterns; (3) examine how they function as habitat for fish and invertebrate species; (4) develop a comprehensive inventory of deep-sea coral species; and (5) further efforts to analyze past climate changes and to improve climate forecasting models. Described herein are: the results of the Deep-Sea Corals Workshop; other events with a focus on deep-sea corals; and potential pathways to increase U.S.-international collaborative partnerships. C1 USN, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Puglise, KA (reprint author), USN, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kimberly.puglise@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-24136-1 J9 ERLANGEN EARTH C SER PY 2005 BP 1129 EP 1140 DI 10.1007/3-540-27673-4_57 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCV65 UT WOS:000231441500058 ER PT B AU DeVogelaere, AP Burton, EJ Trejo, T King, CE Clague, DA Tamburri, MN Cailliet, GM Kochevar, RE Douros, WJ AF DeVogelaere, AP Burton, EJ Trejo, T King, CE Clague, DA Tamburri, MN Cailliet, GM Kochevar, RE Douros, WJ BE Freiwald, A Roberts, JM TI Deep-sea corals and resource protection at the Davidson Seamount, California, USA SO COLD-WATER CORALS AND ECOSYSTEMS SE Erlangen Earth Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY SEP, 2003 CL Erlangen, GERMANY DE Davidson Seamount; resource protection; coral distribution; habitat; education; Paragorgia AB The Davidson Seamount is located 120 km to the southwest of Monterey, along the California coast, USA. It is 2,400 m tall; yet, it is still 1,250 m below the sea surface. In May 2002, 90 hours of digital video was recorded from all depths of the Davidson Seamount, using a remotely operated vehicle, and deep-sea coral specimens were collected. Preliminary analyses indicate that 20 coral taxa were found, and they were almost exclusively located in high relief, ridge areas. Other species were noted on or adjacent to the corals. Because of its pristine nature, as well as human threats and great potential for education, the Davidson Seamount is under consideration for protection as part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. C1 Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP DeVogelaere, AP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, 299 Foam St, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM andrew.devogelaere@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-24136-1 J9 ERLANGEN EARTH C SER PY 2005 BP 1189 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/3-540-27673-4_61 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCV65 UT WOS:000231441500062 ER PT B AU Campbell, CE Boettinger, WJ Hansen, T Merewether, P Mueller, BA AF Campbell, CE Boettinger, WJ Hansen, T Merewether, P Mueller, BA BE Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Rajan, K Meike, A TI Examination of multicomponent diffusion between two Ni-base superalloys SO Complex Inorganic Solids: Structural, Stability, and Magnetic Properties of Alloys LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Alloy Conference (IAC-3) CY JUN 30-JUL 05, 2002 CL Estoril Sol, PORTUGAL SP USA Res Off Phys Div, Mat ResInst, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US Off Naval Res Mar Div, United Engn Fdn ID NUMERICAL TREATMENT; AL-FE; ALLOYS; CR; MOBILITIES; PHASES AB The interdiffusion at 1293 degrees C between two multicomponent Ni-base superalloys, Rene-N4 and Rene-N5, was assessed by measuring the composition vs. distance curves and by comparing the measured curves to predictions obtained using a diffusion mobility database recently published by Campbell et al. (Acts Mat.50 (2002) 775-792). Although the diffusion database was constructed primarily from binary diffusion data, the extrapolation to the multicomponent systems gave good results in the prediction of the measured composition vs. distance curves. In addition, the location of the Kirkendall porosity on the Rene-N4 side of the diffusion couple was successfully predicted. This initial success points to the suitability of the general approach to the development of diffusion databases and to the desirability for additional database refinements including possible efforts from the first principles community. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, CE (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-24811-0 PY 2005 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1007/0-387-25953-8_18 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BCQ53 UT WOS:000230778500018 ER PT S AU Levine, ZH AF Levine, ZH BE Bouman, CA Miller, EL TI The boundary of X-ray and electron tomography SO Computational Imaging III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging III CY JAN 17-18, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT INTERCONNECT; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PHASE RETRIEVAL; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION; CELLS; IMAGE AB Samples a few micrometers in total size offer a challenge to both x-ray and electron tomography. X-ray tomography originated imaging the human body with millimeter resolution, but the resolution has been reduced by over 7 orders of magnitude by the use of synchrotron sources and Fresnel zone plates, leading to an achieved resolution of 20 nm in favorable cases. Further progress may require phase retrieval. Electron tomography originated on very thin samples (perhaps 100 nm thick) but recently samples of over 1 micrometer have been studied with conventional instruments. The study of thicker samples requires understanding tomography in the multiple scattering regime. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5647-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5674 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.597985 PG 14 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCD94 UT WOS:000228796600001 ER PT S AU Pletzer, A Ziemlinski, R Cohen, J AF Pletzer, A Ziemlinski, R Cohen, J BE Sunderam, VS VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Ncvtk: A program for visualizing planetary data SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2005, PT 3 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Intel Corp, IBM Corp, Microsoft Res, SGI Silicon Graph, Emory Univ, Dpet Math & Comp Sci, Emory Univ, Inst Comparat & Int Studies, Emory Univ, Emory Coll, Emory Univ, Off Provost, Emory Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Springer AB Ncvtk is a visualization tool offering a high degree of interactivity to scientists who need to explore scalar and vector data on a longitude-latitude based grid. Ncvtk was born out of four recent trends: open source programming, the availability of a high quality visualization toolkit, the emergence of scripting, and the wide availability of fast and inexpensive hardware. C1 RS Informat Syst, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Raytheon, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Pletzer, A (reprint author), RS Informat Syst, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26044-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3516 BP 838 EP 841 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCM77 UT WOS:000230026200119 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Geem, ZW AF Lee, KS Geem, ZW TI A new meta-heuristic algorithm for continuous engineering optimization: harmony search theory and practice SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE harmony search; heuristic algorithm; continuous design variables; mathematical function minimization; structural engineering optimization ID NONLINEAR MUSKINGUM MODELS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; INTEGER AB Most engineering optimization algorithms are based on numerical linear and nonlinear programming methods that require substantial gradient information and usually seek to improve the solution in the neighborhood of a starting point. These algorithms, however, reveal a limited approach to complicated real-world optimization problems. If there is more than one local optimum in the problem, the result may depend on the selection of an initial point, and the obtained optimal solution may not necessarily be the global optimum. This paper describes a new harmony search (HS) meta-heuristic algorithm-based approach for engineering optimization problems with continuous design variables. This recently developed HS algorithm is conceptualized using the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. It uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search so that derivative information is unnecessary. Various engineering optimization problems, including mathematical function minimization and structural engineering optimization problems, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the HS algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed approach is a powerful search and optimization technique that may yield better solutions to engineering problems than those obtained using current algorithms. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hanyang Univ, Adv Struct Res Stn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM ksleenist@hotmail.com; zwgeem@yahoo.com RI Geem, Zong Woo/A-2718-2008 OI Geem, Zong Woo/0000-0002-0370-5562 NR 64 TC 608 Z9 642 U1 7 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2005 VL 194 IS 36-38 BP 3902 EP 3933 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.09.007 PG 32 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 941BZ UT WOS:000230191000007 ER PT S AU Lai, JS Yu, H Zhang, J Alexandrov, P Li, Y Zhao, JH Sheng, K Hefner, A AF Lai, JS Yu, H Zhang, J Alexandrov, P Li, Y Zhao, JH Sheng, K Hefner, A GP IEEE TI Characterization of normally-off SiC vertical JFET devices and inverter circuits SO Conference Record of the 2005 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vols 1-4 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE SiC device; normally-off JFET; VJFET; soft switching; synchronous rectification AB A latest developed normally-off SiC JFETs has been characterized under static and dynamic operating conditions. Two application oriented inverter circuits were constructed for additional tests under and soft- and hard-switching conditions. The single-phase soft-switching inverter was running at 100 kHz, and the three-phase hard-switching inverter was running at 15 kHz. The unique feature of the inverter operating in synchronous rectification mode has been observed. Without synchronous rectification, the freewheeling diode voltage drop is a fixed voltage plus a resistive voltage. The fixed voltage at zero current is about 1V for the tested SiC Schottky diodes, and the resistive voltage drop portion is highly dependent on the temperature. With synchronous rectification, the voltage drop is the product of the on-drop resistance and the drain current of the JFET, which can be controlled with the chip area. In the experimental case, the measured voltage drop was 1V with HET conducting in reverse direction and 2V with diode forward conducting. Thus the new generation SiC VJFET device allows high-efficiency inverter operation with reduction of the conduction loss by synchronous rectification and the reduction of switching loss with soft switching. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Future Energy Elect Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Linear Technol Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lai, JS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Future Energy Elect Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. OI Lai, Jihsheng/0000-0003-2315-8460 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-9208-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2005 BP 404 EP 409 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BDP14 UT WOS:000234673200057 ER PT B AU Escalante, E AF Escalante, Edward BE Baboian, R TI Soils SO CORROSION TESTS AND STANDARDS: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Escalante, Edward] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Corros Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-2098-3 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL20 BP 181 EP 186 D2 10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BWO66 UT WOS:000294411500016 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP AF Moffat, T. P. BE Baboian, R TI Electrodeposits SO CORROSION TESTS AND STANDARDS: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROLYTIC DETERMINATION; CORROSION; POROSITY; SURFACE; ALLOYS C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-2098-3 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL20 BP 656 EP 663 D2 10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BWO66 UT WOS:000294411500061 ER PT B AU Fraker, AC AF Fraker, Anna C. BE Baboian, R TI Medical and Dental SO CORROSION TESTS AND STANDARDS: APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION, 2ND EDITION SE ASTM International Manual Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURGICAL IMPLANT MATERIALS; COBALT-BASE ALLOY; CASTING ALLOYS; CORROSION FATIGUE; PITTING CORROSION; ION-IMPLANTATION; RESISTANCE; DEVICES; BIOMATERIALS; PROSTHESIS C1 [Fraker, Anna C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA BN 978-0-8031-2098-3 J9 ASTM INT MAN SER PY 2005 IS MNL20 BP 834 EP 845 D2 10.1520/MNL20_2ND-EB PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BWO66 UT WOS:000294411500081 ER PT B AU Lewis, MA Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Luo, EC AF Lewis, MA Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Luo, EC BE Ross, RG TI Measurements of phase shifts in an inertance tube SO Cryocoolers 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Lockheed Martin AB Phase shifts and mass flows were measured at the inlet of an inertance tube, and the results are compared with transmission line models. The mass flow rates at the entrance to the inertance tube are obtained using a hot-wire anemometer. The hot wire was calibrated in oscillating flow conditions by mass flow rate comparisons at two other locations in the apparatus. Measurements were made and future work will attempt to show that by adjusting the diameters and lengths of the inertance tubes as well as the operating conditions, we will be able to independently identify the effects of resistive, inertance, and compliance components. We discuss the hot wire calibration procedure used to ensure self-consistency among the various transducers and system mass flowrate measurement calculations. The magnitude and phase of the inertance tube complex impedance are measured and discussed. The size of the inertance tube studied here was 1.5 mm diameter by 1.15 m long with frequencies between 30 and 70 Hz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23901-4 PY 2005 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BBY33 UT WOS:000228319300037 ER PT B AU Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Lewis, M Bailey, R Haas, M AF Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R Lewis, M Bailey, R Haas, M BE Ross, RG TI Comparison of measurements and models for a pulse tube refrigerator to cool cryo-surgical probes SO Cryocoolers 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Lockheed Martin AB This paper describes the performance measurements of a pulse tube refrigerator (PTR), originally developed for cooling cryo-surgical probes (CryoPens) to about 180 K for dermatological applications. The linear compressor, which has a maximum swept volume of 3.9 cc, was instrumented to measure the piston position with a laser position sensor shining through a sapphire window on one end of the compressor. These results along with pressures measured at the reservoir, pulse tube, and compressor allowed us to determine the flow and PV power at various. locations, which were then compared with the predictions from our models. Comparisons were also made between the calculated and measured thermal load curve. The cooling rate for insertion of warm CryoPens was measured and the resulting thermal load on the PTR was determined, which agreed well with calculations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bradley, PE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-23901-4 PY 2005 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BBY33 UT WOS:000228319300083 ER PT S AU Irwin, KD Hilton, GC AF Irwin, KD Hilton, GC BE Enss, C TI Transition-edge sensors SO CRYOGENIC PARTICLE DETECTION SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; X-RAY MICROCALORIMETERS; BIASED SUPERCONDUCTING BOLOMETERS; STRONG ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; PHONON-MEDIATED DETECTION; DC-SQUID SYSTEM; AL-MN ALLOYS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EXCESS NOISE; ENERGY RESOLUTION AB In recent years, superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) have emerged as powerful, energy-resolving detectors of single photons from the near infrared through gamma rays and sensitive detectors of photon fluxes out to millimeter wavelengths. The TES is a thermal sensor that measures an energy deposition by the increase of resistance of a superconducting film biased within the superconducting-to-normal transition. Small arrays of TES sensors have been demonstrated, and kilopixel arrays are under development. In this Chapter, we describe the theory of the superconducting phase transition, derive the TES calorimeter response and noise theory, discuss the state of understanding of excess noise, and describe practical implementation issues including materials choice, pixel design, array fabrication, and cryogenic SQUID multiplexing. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irvin@boulder.nist.gov NR 179 TC 249 Z9 252 U1 6 U2 41 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 3-540-20113-0 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2005 VL 99 BP 63 EP 149 PG 87 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BCS17 UT WOS:000231009400003 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB Morasch, MR Park, LK Naish, KA Devlin, RH AF Phillips, RB Morasch, MR Park, LK Naish, KA Devlin, RH TI Identification of the sex chromosome pair in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): lack of conservation of the sex linkage group with chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; Y-CHROMOSOME; 5S RDNA; FISH; MYKISS; MAP AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a probe to the male-specific GH-Y (growth hormone pseudogene) was used to identify the Y chromosome in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The sex chromosome pair is morphologically similar to Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawyacha) with the GH- Y localized to the small short arm of the largest subtelocentric chromosome pair. FISH experiments with probes containing sex-linked genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (SCAR163) and Chinook salmon (Omy7INRA) showed that the coho sex linkage group is different from Chinook and rainbow trout and this was confirmed by segregation analysis for the Omy7INRA locus. The telomeric location of the SEX locus, the presence of shared male-specific markers in coho and Chinook salmon, and the lack of conservation of sex-linkage groups suggest that transposition of a small male-specific region may have occurred repeatedly in salmonid fishes of the genus Oncorhynchus. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM phllipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1159/000086387 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 962JU UT WOS:000231728500012 PM 16103659 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ AF Wang, CZ TI Subthermocline tropical cells and equatorial subsurface countercurrents SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE tropical oceanography; ocean circulation; ocean currents; vorticity; upwelling; downwelling ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; 3-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS; CROMWELL CURRENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; UNDERCURRENT; THERMOSTAD; VELOCITY; CURRENTS; WATER AB Eastward subsurface countercurrents (SSCCs) are observed in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans on either side of the equator, and are associated with a poleward shoaling of subthermocline isotherms at the poleward flanks of the equatorial 13degreesC thermostad. Observations suggest that eastward SSCCs correspond to a meridional circulation of subthermocline tropical cells (STTCs). The STTCs are below and weaker than the tropical cells, being characterized by an equatorward flow in the thermocline, an equatorial downwelling, a poleward flow in the subthermocline, and an upwelling about 3-4degrees from the equator. The essential dynamics of the SSCCs can be explained in terms of the conservation of absolute vorticity in the poleward flow of the lower branch of the STTCs. As a parcel within the subthermocline moves poleward, its gain of planetary vorticity is compensated by a loss of relative vorticity, resulting in the eastward SSCCs. By applying the conservation of potential vorticity, the paper also shows that the poleward shoaling of subthermocline isotherms at the poleward flanks of the thermostad can contribute to the eastward SSCCs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.08.009 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 888JJ UT WOS:000226369900008 ER PT J AU Reese, DC Miller, TW Brodeur, RD AF Reese, DC Miller, TW Brodeur, RD TI Community structure of near-surface zooplankton in the northern California Current in relation to oceanographic conditions SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST; PACIFIC; ASSOCIATIONS; ASSEMBLAGES; MOVEMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; REGION; FISH AB We analyzed how near-surface zooplankton are distributed in the northern California Current, not only in space and time but also with reference to species assemblages, habitat characteristics, and environmental factors. The community structure, spatial distribution patterns, and environmental associations of near-surface zooplankton from June and August 2000 GLOBEC cruises were examined. Crab megalopae, hyperiid amphipods, euphausiids, and chaetognaths dominated the near-surface zooplankton community during both cruises. A geostatistical approach was used to deter-mine that near-surface zooplankton concentrations differed spatially and quantitatively between June and August. Near-surface zooplankton concentration was spatially patchy during June, with the highest levels occurring nearshore in various locations throughout the study region. In August, zooplankton concentration was more uniformly distributed; however, higher concentrations were observed north of Cape Blanco. During June, zooplankton species richness was spatially patchy, whereas in August, species richness was more uniformly distributed throughout the study area. Highest values were observed during June in localized areas along the coast, with lowest values observed further offshore near the shelf break at 200 m. During August, species richness was highest nearshore south of Cape Blanco; yet in the north, higher values extended across the shelf and further offshore. To explore patterns in community structure, we applied cluster analysis, indicator species analysis, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination to both data sets. Cluster analyses differentiated taxa by inshore and offshore location in the first division and by latitude in the second division. Results from NMS confirmed the cross-shelf zonation of near-surface zooplankton, with seasurface temperature the most consistent environmental parameter explaining the distributions. An offshore assemblage of zooplankton was entrained in an eddy and transported onto the shelf in August. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Reese, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dreese@coas.oregonstate.edu NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.027 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 912QU UT WOS:000228095200003 ER PT J AU Suchman, CL Brodeur, RD AF Suchman, CL Brodeur, RD TI Abundance and distribution of large medusae in surface waters of the northern California Current SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; AURELIA-AURITA SCYPHOZOA; CURRENT SYSTEM; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; AEQUOREA-AEQUOREA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; JUVENILE FISHES; LARGE JELLYFISH; SAANICH INLET AB We used surface trawls to quantify abundance and distribution of four large medusae-Chrysaora fuscescens, Aurelia labiata, Phacellophora camtschatica, and Aequorea sp.-in the northern California Current, a coastal upwelling area, during June and August 2000 and 2002. C. fuscescens was most abundant, with a maximum of 77 per 1000 m(3) (or 64 mg C/m(3)). Densities of A. labiata reached 10 per 1000 m(3) (26 mg C/m(3)). Although medusae were widespread throughout the study region, a large proportion of the total catch of each species tended to be concentrated at relatively few stations. When we analyzed how the variability in distribution of medusae related to a suite of environmental parameters, latitude and either distance from shore or water depth proved important during each cruise. Analysis by species suggested habitat partitioning by C fuscescens and A. labiata: C fuscescens was more likely to be caught in nearshore shelf waters north of Cape Blanco, compared to A. labiata, which was more prevalent in south of Cape Blanco. These biological patterns were likely the result of a combination of physical processes, including advection and aggregation within regions of weak surface flow, coordinated behavior such as vertical migration, and location of benthic polyp stages. Studies such as this one provide important baseline information for ecosystem models and can be used to help evaluate impacts of jellyfish blooms in coastal upwelling regions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Suchman, CL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Virginia Grad Marine Sci Consortium, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM csuchman@virginia.edu NR 47 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.017 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 912QU UT WOS:000228095200004 ER PT J AU Swartzman, G Hickey, B Kosro, PM Wilson, C AF Swartzman, G Hickey, B Kosro, PM Wilson, C TI Poleward and equatorward currents in the Pacific Eastern Boundary Current in summer 1995 and 1998 and their relationship to the distribution of euphausiids SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; VERTICAL MIGRATION; EL-NINO; UNDERCURRENT; SHELF; OCEAN; ZOOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; OREGON AB This paper examines the relationship between poleward and equatorward current patterns and the spatial distribution of euphausiids based on acoustic survey data collected in summer 1995 and 1998 in the California Current Ecosystem. Contiguous poleward (usually an undercurrent) and equatorward near-surface current core areas were identified by applying current velocity and distance thresholds along each survey transect. Both currents were pervasive along the coast, but poleward volume transport in both years was about an order of magnitude greater than the equatorward near-surface current volume transports. The poleward volume transport was higher in 1998 than in 1995, especially north of Cape Blanco. The poleward transport centroid was generally further offshore than the surface transport centroid, and was closer to the slope in 1998 than in 1995. The depth centroid of euphausiid patches was generally shallower than the depth centroid of the poleward volume transport centroids. The onshore-offshore location of euphausiid patches was significantly related to the location of the poleward transport centroids, although not in all regions. The patches were not related to the location of equatorward near-surface transport centroids. Differences in the north-south cuphausiid distribution were observed between 1995 and 1998. In 1995, there was a much higher abundance of euphausiids in the region immediately north of Cape Blanco, while in 1998, euphausiid abundance was high throughout the survey area. We hypothesize this difference to be in part a result of differences in current patterns between the 2 years and the manner in which currents interact with euphausiid diel migration. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Swartzman, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM gordie@apl.washington.edu OI Kosro, P. Michael/0000-0003-3693-2558 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.028 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 912QU UT WOS:000228095200005 ER PT J AU Ressler, PH Brodeur, RD Peterson, WT Pierce, SD Vance, PM Rostad, A Barth, JA AF Ressler, PH Brodeur, RD Peterson, WT Pierce, SD Vance, PM Rostad, A Barth, JA TI The spatial distribution of euphausiid aggregations in the Northern California Current during August 2000 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID VANCOUVER-ISLAND; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; CURRENT SYSTEM; WEST-COAST; SCATTERING LAYERS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUND-SCATTERING; ACOUSTIC SURVEYS; PACIFIC HAKE AB The location and size of euphausiid aggregations (patches) were identified using acoustic volume backscattering strength at 38 and 120 kHz and vertically stratified MOCNESS sampling during a US GLOBEC cruise off southern Oregon and northern California in August 2000. Euphausiid patches were clustered inshore of Heceta Bank (44.0 degrees N) and off Cape Blanco (42.8 degrees N), but were not common elsewhere. The distribution of euphausiid patches throughout the study area was correlated with that of near-surface chlorophyll. We suggest that Heceta Bank and Cape Blanco were zones of plankton retention and concentration along the shelf and slope, and also that large offshore meanders in the equatorward upwelling jet carried upwelled water, chlorophyll, and euphausiids offshore. In particular, the complex interaction of mesoscale physical features, shoaling bottom topography, and diel vertical migration created large patches of euphausiids. These euphausiid patches, probably persisting on timescales of days to weeks, could function as relatively large and persistent resources for euphausiid predators. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Sci, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ressler, PH (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM patrick.ressler@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.032 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 912QU UT WOS:000228095200006 ER PT J AU Sutor, MM Cowles, TJ Peterson, WT Pierce, SD AF Sutor, MM Cowles, TJ Peterson, WT Pierce, SD TI Acoustic observations of finescale zooplankton distributions in the Oregon upwelling region SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SOUND-SCATTERING; PLANKTON; COASTAL; PATTERNS; BIOMASS; LAYERS; FREQUENCIES AB We collected data on two GLOBEC cruises to investigate the ubiquity and character of small and finescale phytoplankton and zooplankton vertical distributions in continental shelf waters. Coincident data from a four-frequency echosounding system (3 8, 120, 200, and 420 kHz), CTD, 150 kHz ADCP, and a suite of high-resolution bio-optical instruments were collected at three continental shelf stations off the coast of Oregon in June and August of 2000. Temporally and spatially coherent finescale features were identified in the acoustic record at all sites throughout the upper water column and the dominant characteristics were observed. There was evidence of an association between the vertical structure of horizontal velocity and the finescale structure seen in the acoustic data. These observations support the hypothesis that discrete, finescale vertical distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton may be common in productive upwelling areas and indicate that additional concurrent physical and biological measurements, at appropriate temporal and spatial scales, must be made to further characterize the ecological significance of these finescale distributions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Sutor, MM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 Ocean Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM msutor@lumcon.edu NR 46 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.029 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 912QU UT WOS:000228095200007 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gutierrez, J Peterson, WT Miller, CB AF Gomez-Gutierrez, J Peterson, WT Miller, CB TI Cross-shelf life-stage segregation and community structure of the euphausiids off central Oregon (1970-1972) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BENGUELA UPWELLING SYSTEM; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WARM OCEAN YEARS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; POPULATION BIOLOGY; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; WEST-COAST; NYCTIPHANES-SIMPLEX; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; EL-NINO AB Community structure and zonal distribution of euphausiids along the Newport Hydrographic line (44 degrees 39.1'N) off central Oregon, USA, were examined from bi-weekly oceanographic surveys (n = 48) carried out from January 1970 through July 1972. We explored the associations among the euphausiid community composition (14 species) and changes in sea-surface temperature (SST), sea-surface salinity (SSS), coastal upwelling index (CUI), sigma-t, day vs. night sampling time, and distance from the coast. This period included the 1970-1971 La Nina and, at low latitudes, the 1972 El Nino events;, this study shows that this El Nino event did not reach the Oregon coast as have most other most recent events. Multivariate analyses were done to identify the cross-shelf environmental gradients that most influence temporal changes in the euphausiid community structure. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated that the euphausiid community separates into coastal and oceanic assemblages, with a species-richness gradient located about 45 km from shore, over the shelf-break. In the inshore zone, positive CUI (upwelling) was associated with Thysanoessa spinifera, while negative CUI (downwelling) was associated with the presence of the oceanic species assemblage during October-November. Indicator species analysis (ISA) showed that two species were good indicators for the oceanic environment: Thysanoessa longipes and Nematoscelis atlantica. Three species (Thysanoessa gregaria, Nematoscelis difficilis, and Tessarabrachion oculatum) were moderate indicators for the oceanic environment because, during fall and winter downwelling events, they may be transported over the continental shelf. High densities of larvae and juveniles of T spinifera were found nearshore (< 18 km from the coast), but older stages were mainly recorded offshore (> 18-108 km from the coast). Euphausia pacifica was relatively homogeneously distributed in shelf and offshore waters, but its larvae were recorded chiefly inshore in mid-summer and offshore during the rest of the year. Our data showed a strong cross-shelf gradient in euphausiid assemblages and life-stage-segregated distributions for T spinifera and E pacifica, suggesting active population maintenance strategies within this upwelling region. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Gomez-Gutierrez, J (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, AP 592, La Paz 23000, Baja California, Mexico. EM jagomezg@ipn.mx NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.023 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 912QU UT WOS:000228095200015 ER PT J AU Schmid, C Bourles, B Gouriou, Y AF Schmid, C Bourles, B Gouriou, Y TI Impact of the equatorial deep jets on estimates of zonal transports in the Atlantic SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CIRCULATION; CURRENTS; MODEL; WAVES; FLOW AB The structure and variability of the zonal equatorial flow in the Atlantic is studied on the basis of velocity profiles obtained with lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers during multiple surveys. The vertical extent of the zonal currents is found to vary considerably. It can be as small as 100 m or as large as 1000 m. In the Atlantic, vertical scales of 400-600 m have been associated with the equatorial deep jets (they are also frequently called deep jets or stacked jets). Typical amplitudes of the zonal velocity are about 20 cm s(-1). An analysis of quasi-synoptic surveys indicates that the zonal extent of most jets is likely to be at least 27 degrees. They can rise or deepen from west to east, although the deepening was observed more often and is often more pronounced. The west to east deepening can be as large as 320 m/10 degrees. Basin-wide mean depth changes of the jets are mostly on the order of 50 m/10 degrees, and the largest depth changes are typically observed between 35 degrees and 23 degrees W. The existence of these changes indicates that vertically propagating, equatorially trapped, waves might be one cause for the jet structure. However, the dependence of the slope on the longitude indicates that other processes must be involved as well. The typical vertical extent of the jets is small enough to result in several direction changes of the zonal flow in the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) layer. From transport estimates for 14 meridional sections it is found that the transport for the westward component of the flow within the AAIW layer (500-1000 m) can be as large as -24 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) M, s(-1)) within 1 degrees of the equator. For the eastward component of the flow in the AAIW layer the transport can be as large as 8 Sv. Adding the transport components for each section results in a range of total AAIW transports from -24 to 7 Sv. This suggest that the annual mean transport of AAIW is westward. The only months with eastward total transports are June and July. This is consistent with earlier Lagrangian and some other observations that indicated that the AAIW flow along the equator is governed by an annual cycle. In the NADW layer (1200-3900 m) the transport for the westward (eastward) flow can be as large as -25 Sv (23 Sv) within 1 degrees of the equator. This results in a range of total NADW transports from -10 to 18 Sv. The variations of the total transports of AAIW and NADW are anti-correlated, with a correlation coefficient of -0.86. Since only eight sections reached deep enough to allow transport estimates in the NADW layer it is more difficult to come to a conclusion about the mean transport in this layer than for the transport in the AAIW layer (for the latter layer 14 sections were available). Nevertheless, the obtained estimates suggest that the total NADW transport may be eastward. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr IRD Bretagne, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Schmid, C (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM claudia.schmid@noaa.gov RI Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; BOURLES, BERNARD/I-4673-2015 OI Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; BOURLES, BERNARD/0000-0001-6515-4519 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.008 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 924XJ UT WOS:000229014000003 ER PT J AU Ladd, C Stabeno, P Cokelet, ED AF Ladd, C Stabeno, P Cokelet, ED TI A note on cross-shelf exchange in the northern Gulf of Alaska SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization (PICES) CY OCT 14-24, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; SUBMARINE CANYONS; NORTHWESTERN GULF; HAIDA EDDIES; SITKA EDDY; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; PHYTOPLANKTON; SATELLITE AB The continental shelf of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is a complex system characterized by large freshwater runoff and strong winds. The GOA Supports one of the world's richest ecosystems, including numerous species of fishes, marine mammals and sea birds. The mechanisms that provide nutrients to Support this ecosystem are not well understood. The rivers and streams that provide freshwater to the shelf are low in nitrate, and the regional winds favor downwelling. High concentrations of nitrate Lire available in the deep basin of the GOA, but these must be introduced to the shelf in order to Support the high productivity. We present evidence for cross-shelf exchange Clue to three different mechanisms. Episodes of downwelling relaxation result in a flux of saline, nutrient-rich water onto the shelf at depth. Eddies, formed in the northeastern GOA, propagate along the shelf-break influences cross-shelf exchange by carrying shelf-origin water from the formation region into the basin and by interacting with the shelf-break Circulation. Bathymetric steering in the many canyons that incise the GOA shelf results in flow into the canyons where strong tidal mixing results in cross-isobath movement of water properties. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ladd, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 357941, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X NR 39 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5-6 BP 667 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.022 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 928BA UT WOS:000229244900002 ER PT J AU Aydin, KY McFarlane, GA King, JR Megrey, BA Myers, KW AF Aydin, KY McFarlane, GA King, JR Megrey, BA Myers, KW TI Linking oceanic food webs to coastal production and growth rates of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), using models on three scales SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization (PICES) CY OCT 14-24, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org ID NORTH PACIFIC; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEM; SIZE; DYNAMICS; IMPACTS; TRENDS; AGE AB Three independent modeling rnethods-a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) model (NEMURO). a food web model (Ecopath/Ecosim), and a bioenergetics model for pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Were linked to examine the relationship between seasonal zooplankton dynamics and annual food web productive potential for Pacific salmon feeding and growing in the Alaskan subarctic gyre ecosystem. The linked approach shows the importance of seasonal and ontogenetic prey switching for zooplanktivorous pink salmon, and illustrates the critical role played by lipid-rich Forage species, especially the gonatid squid Berrytheuthis anonychus, in connecting zooplankton to upper trophic level production in the subarctic North Pacific. The results highlight the need to uncover natural mechanisms responsible for accelerated late winter and early spring growth of salmon, especially with respect to climate change and zooplankton bloom timing, Our results indicate that the best match between modeled and observed high-seas pink salmon growth requires the inclusion of two factors into bioenergetics models: (1) decreasing energetic foraging costs for salmon as zooplankton are concentrated by the spring shallowing of pelagic mixed-layer depth and (2) the ontogenetic switch of salmon diets from zooplankton to squid. Finally, we varied the timing and input levels of coastal salmon production to examine effects of density-dependent coastal processes on ocean feeding; coastal processes that place relatively minor limitations on salmon growth may delay the seasonal timing of ontogenetic diet shifts and thus have a magnified effect on overall salmon growth rates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, High Seas Salmon Project, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Aydin, KY (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM kerim.aydin@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5-6 BP 757 EP 780 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.017 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 928BA UT WOS:000229244900007 ER PT J AU Ream, RR Sterling, JT Loughlin, TR AF Ream, RR Sterling, JT Loughlin, TR TI Oceanographic features related to northern fur seal migratory movements SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the North-Pacific-Marine-Science-Organization (PICES) CY OCT 14-24, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP N Pacific Marine Sci Org ID CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; BERING SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DIET; HABITAT; WESTERN; ISLAND AB Northern fur seals breeding on the Pribilof Islands are characterized by pelagic migrations that begin each fall and last approximately eight months. Previous Studies have examined the early phases of the migration with respect to timing. location. and effects of ocean surface Currents On movement. We used satellite telemetry and remotely sensed satellite data to examine relationships between oceanographic features and the movements of adult female fur seals in the Bering, Sea and North Pacific Ocean during early, middle and late portions of their winter migration. Physical locations of 13 female fur seals were monitored during 2002-2003, and diving data were collected on a Subset of the animals. Remotely sensed data were obtained to assess sea-surface temperatures, chlorophyll a concentrations, and sea-surface height anomalies encountered by the fur seals. Data from historical pelagic collection Of fur seals also were summarized to describe winter diet and the distribution of different age and sex classes of the general migration of fur seals to the eastern North Pacific. Seals departed from the Pribilof islands in November and moved in a southeasterly direction over the continental shelf as they left the Bering Sea. Their travel routes did not follow coastal or bathymetric features as they crossed the North Pacific Ocean. but instead corresponded to complementary water movement of the Alaska Gyre and the North Pacific Current. Winter foraging areas varied geographically and were associated with eddies, the subarctic-subtropical transition region, and areas that undergo coastal mixing due to the California Current. The results indicate that fur seals may cue on a variety of oceanographic features that aid in reducing energetic expenditures and optimize foraging opportunities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ream, RR (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM rolf.ream@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5-6 BP 823 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.021 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 928BA UT WOS:000229244900010 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ Turner, JT Powell, CL Keafer, BA Anderson, DM AF Doucette, GJ Turner, JT Powell, CL Keafer, BA Anderson, DM TI Trophic accumulation of PSP toxins in zooplankton during Alexandrium fundyense blooms in Casco Bay, Gulf of Maine, April-June 1998. I. Toxin levels in A-fundyense and zooplankton size fractions SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE paralytic shellfish poisoning; Alexandrium; toxin trophic transfer; zooplankton; algal blooms; Casco Bay ID SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY; MARINE FOOD WEBS; DOMOIC ACID; OSTENFELDII DINOPHYCEAE; HERBIVOROUS ZOOPLANKTON; TINTINNID CILIATE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; POTENTIAL VECTOR AB The transfer of marine algal toxins involving a range of phytoplanktivorous vectors is well documented as a means of exposing organisms at higher trophic levels (including humans) to these naturally occurring yet harmful compounds. While previous studies have examined the potential for, and dynamics of, algal toxin accumulation by individual zooplankton species, few have attempted to distinguish the contribution of various grazer size classes to toxin trophic transfer in natural communities and characterize some of the factors that can influence this process. The current investigation was aimed at describing the size-fractioned (64-100, 100-200, 200-500, > 500 mu m) accumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins by zooplankton in Casco Bay and the adjacent coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine during a series of cruises from April to June 1998. Several variables, including the abundance of PSP toxin-producing Alexandrium fundyense, in-water toxin concentrations associated with this dinoflagellate, and algal toxin cell quotas, were measured and their relationship to zooplankton toxin accumulation assessed. A principal finding of this work was the ability of any grazer size class examined (including grazers present in the 20-64 mu m A. fundyense-containing fraction) to serve as an initial vector for introducing PSP toxins into the Casco Bay food web at various times during the sampling period, thereby providing multiple potential routes of toxin trophic transfer. In addition, trends observed in the coincident mapping of A. fundyense cells and their associated toxin were generally in agreement, yet did not remain closely coupled at all times. Therefore, although A. fundyense abundance can be a reasonable indicator of PSP toxin presence in the phytoplankton, this relationship can vary considerably and lead to situations where elevated toxin levels occur at low cell concentrations and vice versa. The uncoupling of A. fundyense cell and in-water toxin concentrations in the 20-64 pm, A. fundyense-containing size fraction implied fluctuations in the algal toxin cell quota, which ranged from ca. 10 to 2000 fmol STX equiv. cell(-1). Some of this variability may reflect the changing presence in this size fraction of grazers (e.g., tintinnids) capable of toxin accumulation, causing an upward bias in A. fundyense toxin cell quota estimates. Overall, the extent of PSP toxin transfer into zooplankton will be determined by a complex interaction among several factors, including A. fundyense and grazer abundance, algal toxin cell quota, and zooplankton community composition. An ability to predict zooplankton toxin accumulation will require further investigation of the relationships between these and other factors, aimed specifically at modeling the process of toxin trophic transfer to grazers and ultimately to their predators. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol w, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 53 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 19-21 BP 2764 EP 2783 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.031 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 997RT UT WOS:000234265800022 ER PT J AU Turner, JT Doucette, GJ Keafer, BA Anderson, DM AF Turner, JT Doucette, GJ Keafer, BA Anderson, DM TI Trophic accumulation of PSP toxins in zooplankton during Alexandrium fundyense blooms in Casco Bay, Gulf of Maine, April-June 1998. II. Zooplankton abundance and size-fractionated community composition SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DINOFLAGELLATE POLYKRIKOS-KOFOIDII; SHELLFISH POISONING TOXINS; COPEPOD ACARTIA-CLAUSI; PROTOPERIDINIUM CF DIVERGENS; RHODE RIVER ESTUARY; MARINE FOOD WEBS; BROWN-TIDE ALGA; RED-TIDE; HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE; GRAZING RATES AB During spring blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense in Casco Bay, Maine in 1998, we investigated vectorial intoxication of various zooplankton size fractions with PSP toxins, including zooplankton community composition from quantitative zooplankton samples (> 102 mu m), as well as zooplankton composition in relation to toxin levels in various size fractions (20-64, 64-100, 100-200, 200-500, > 500 mu m). Zooplankton abundance in 102 pm mesh samples was low (most values < 10,000 animals m(-3)) from early April through early May, but increased to maxima in mid-June (cruise mean = 121,500 animals m(-3)). Quantitative zooplankton samples (> 102 mu m) were dominated by copepod nauplii, and Oithona similis copepodites and adults at most locations except for those furthest inshore. At these inshore locations, Acartia hudsonica copepodites and adults were usually dominant. Larger copepods such as Calanus finmarchicus, Centropages typicus, and Pseudocalanus spp. were found primarily offshore, and at much lower abundances than O. similis. Rotifers, mainly present from late April to late May, were most abundant inshore. The marine cladoceran Euadne nordmani was sporadically abundant, particularly in mid-June. Microplankton in 20-64 mu m size fractions was generally dominated by A. fundyense, non-toxic dinoflagellates, and tintinnids. Microplankton in 64-100 mu m size fractions was generally dominated by larger non-toxic dinoflagellates, tintinnids, aloricate ciliates, and copepod nauplii, and in early May, rotifers. Some samples (23%) in the 64-100 mu m size fractions contained abundant cells of A. fundyense, presumably due to sieve clogging, but most did not contain A. fundyense cells. This suggests that PSP toxin levels in those samples were due to vectorial intoxication of microzooplankters such as heterotrophic dinoflagellates, tintinnids, aloricate ciliates, rotifers, and copepod nauplii via feeding on A. fundyense cells. Dominant taxa in zooplankton fractions varied in size. Samples in the 100-200 mu m size fraction were overwhelmingly dominated in most cases by copepod nauplii and small copepodites of O. similis, and during late May, rotifers. Samples in the 200-500 mu m size fraction contained fewer copepod nauplii, but progressively more copepodites and adults of O. similis, particularly at offshore locations. At the most inshore stations, copepodites and adults of A. hudsonica were usual dominants. There were few copepod nauplii or O. similis in the > 500 mu m size fraction, which was usually dominated by copepodites and adults of C finmarchicus, C typicus, and Pseudocalanus spp. at offshore locations, and A. hudsonica inshore. Most of the higher PSP toxin concentrations were found in the larger zooplankton size fractions that were dominated by larger copepods such as C finmarchicus and C. typicus. In contrast to our earlier findings, elevated toxin levels were also measured in numerous samples from smaller zooplankton size fractions, dominated by heterotrophic dinoflagellates, tintinnids and aloricate ciliates, rotifers, copepod nauplii, and smaller copepods such as O. similis and, at the most inshore locations, A. hudsonica. Thus, our data Suggest that ingested PSP toxins are widespread throughout the zooplankton grazing community, and that potential vectors for intoxication of zooplankton assemblages include heterotrophic dinoflagellates, rotifers, protozoans, copepod nauplii, and small copepods. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Turner, JT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 82 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 19-21 BP 2784 EP 2800 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.012 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 997RT UT WOS:000234265800023 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Keafer, BA McGillicuddy, DJ Mickelson, MJ Keay, KE Libby, PS Manning, JP Mayo, CA Whittaker, DK Hickey, JM He, RY Lynch, DR Smith, KW AF Anderson, DM Keafer, BA McGillicuddy, DJ Mickelson, MJ Keay, KE Libby, PS Manning, JP Mayo, CA Whittaker, DK Hickey, JM He, RY Lynch, DR Smith, KW TI Initial observations of the 2005 Alexandrium fundyense bloom in southern New England: General patterns and mechanisms SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; cysts; Gulf of Maine; PSP; harmful algal blooms; red tides ID MAINE COASTAL CURRENT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; GULF; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; TAMARENSE; PLUME; MODEL; DINOFLAGELLATE; DINOPHYCEAE AB From May to July, 2005, an extensive bloom of Alexandrium fundyense occurred along the coast of southern New England. The outbreak eventually closed shellfish beds from central Maine to Massachusetts, including Nantucket Island and portions of Martha's Vineyard, and resulted in the closure of 40,000 km 2 of offshore federal waters as well. The coastal Alexandrium bloom was exceptional in several ways: high toxin levels were measured farther south than ever before in New England; levels of toxicity in many locations were higher than previously observed at those stations; for the first time toxicity at some locations was above quarantine levels; cell concentrations far exceeded those observed in the coastal waters of southern New England in the past; and for the first time in the region the governors of Maine and Massachusetts officially declared the red tide to be a disaster, clearing the way for federal assistance. Initial observations suggest that several factors contributed to this bloom. Abundant rainfall and heavy snowmelt substantially increased the amount of fresh water entering the Gulf of Maine. Combined with other freshwater inputs, we hypothesize that this provided macro- and micro-nutrients, a stratified water column, and a transport mechanism that led to high cell abundances and broad, region-wide dispersal of the organism. Warm temperatures in western waters also would have favored A. fundyense growth. In addition, several storms with strong winds out of the northeast occurred at times when cells were abundant and in locations where the winds could advect them into Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and keep them there, leading to high cell concentrations and toxicity. Another contributing factor may have been the high abundance of newly deposited cysts in western Gulf of Maine sediments, as documented in a fall 2004 survey. Here, we evaluate this bloom and the patterns of toxicity in light of the conceptual models for A. fundyense dynamics developed during the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB)-Gulf of Maine (GOM) program. Several features of the 2005 bloom conform to the mechanisms proposed in those models, including the alongshore transport of cells in major water masses and episodic intrusions of cells toward shore due to downwelling-favorable wind forcings. The models need to be refined and expanded, however, based on new data and observations. For example, it is now clear that cells and bloom patches can reach the outer side of Cape Cod and even Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. Transport to the coastal waters of Rhode Island and even Connecticut/Long Island is also possible. A critical modification also may be necessary in terms of mechanisms through which A. fundyense cells occur in Massachusetts Bay. In the past, toxicity only developed when blooms were transported from the north and into the bay via the western segment of the Maine Coastal Current. Now, it is possible that the bay might serve as a source of cells through the germination of cysts deposited in those waters during the 2005 bloom. If proven in subsequent surveys, this potential for in situ bloom development Could have major implications on the timing and extent of toxicity within Massachusetts Bay and southern New England waters in future years. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Massachusetts Water Resources Author, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, Pocasset, MA 02559 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM danderson@whoi.edu NR 41 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2005 VL 52 IS 19-21 BP 2856 EP 2876 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.09.004 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 997RT UT WOS:000234265800028 ER PT B AU Zha, XF Sriram, RD AF Zha, Xuan F. Sriram, Ram D. GP ASME TI Distributed modeling and framework for collaborative embedded system design SO DETC 2005: ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, 2005, Vol 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conference/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 24-28, 2006 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE embedded system; hardware/software modules; hardware/software co-design; component-based approach; distributed module modeling and evaluation (DMME); collaborative design; cyber-infrastructure ID PRODUCT DESIGN; VIRTUAL ENTERPRISES; IMPLEMENTATION; INFORMATION; CONFLICT AB In this paper, we develop a distributed modeling framework for collaborative embedded system design. Based on the component-based approach, a unified design-with-modules scheme is proposed to model the embedded system design process and a web-based knowledge intensive distributed module modeling and evaluation (KS-DMME) framework is developed as a collaborative cyber-infrastructure to support distributed network-centric embedded system design. The framework intends to link distributed, heterogeneous hardware/software (HW/SW) design modules and tools and assist designers in evaluating design alternatives, visualizing trade-offs, finding optimal solutions, and making decisions on the web. It also enables designers to build integrated design models using both the local and distributed resources (e.g., local and distributed HW/SW modules) and to cooperate by exchanging services. The client (browser) / knowledge server architecture allows embedded system design modules to be published and connected over the web to form an integrated intelligent models/modules network. Finally, as an illustration, a model for a modular micro-robotic systems design is developed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4741-1 PY 2005 BP 61 EP 74 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFM23 UT WOS:000243032900006 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George David BE Brito, ME Filip, P Lewinsohn, C Sayir, A Opeka, M Mullins, MW TI DESIGN AND RELIABILITY OF CERAMICS: DO MODELERS, DESIGNERS, AND FRACTOGRAPHERS SEE THE SAME WORLD? SO DEVELOPMENTS IN ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ENGINEERING CERAMICS AB Techniques for design and reliability analyses of structural ceramic components are now well established. Laboratory test coupon data are used in design codes to predict the fast fracture and time dependent reliability of monolithic or dispersed-phase ceramic composite components. Fractographic analysis of fractured components shows that there can be surprises, however. A few case studies are reviewed to show that components often fail from an unanticipated cause. ne reliability models make a number of assumptions that, if violated, put the predictions at risk. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-261-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 8 BP 239 EP 252 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BMZ43 UT WOS:000273977200026 ER PT S AU Geyer, RG Baker-Jarvis, J Krupka, J AF Geyer, RG Baker-Jarvis, J Krupka, J BE Nair, KM Guo, R Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D TI Variable-temperature microwave dielectric properties of single-crystal fluorides SO DEVELOPMENTS IN DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; RESONATOR AB Lithium, calcium, magnesium, and barium fluorides have widespread use in UV, IR, and scintillation applications. Although their optical properties have been well-studied, little data exist on their dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Microwave dielectric properties of single-crystal LiF, CaF2, MgF2, BaF2, and SrF2, synthesized by Stockbarger melt-growth techniques, are measured using cylindrical specimens as TE01delta dielectric resonators enclosed in a cylindrical cavity. Single-crystal permittivity and dielectric loss tangent were evaluated at fixed frequencies between 7 and 9 GHz and over a temperature range from -75 to 150 degreesC. The real permittivities of the measured fluorides increase quasi-linearly with temperature, permitting evaluation of the thermal coefficients of permittivity. The dielectric loss tangents increase approximately linearly with frequency, so that Qf (GHz) products at room temperature for BaF2, SrF2, CaF2, LiF, and MgF2 (normal to c-axis) are 57600, 73000, 92000, 192400, and 458600, respectively. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geyer, RG (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-188-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 167 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBP75 UT WOS:000226956800006 ER PT S AU Zink, M Westbrook, D Lyons, E Hondl, K Kurose, J Junyent, F Krnan, L Chandrasekar, V AF Zink, M Westbrook, D Lyons, E Hondl, K Kurose, J Junyent, F Krnan, L Chandrasekar, V BE Prasanna, VK Iyengar, S Spirakis, P Welsh, M TI NetRad: Distributed, collaborative and adaptive sensing of the atmosphere calibration and initial benchmarks SO DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING IN SENSOR SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems CY JUN 30-JUL 01, 2005 CL Marina del Rey, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCPP, IEEE Comp Soc, TCDP, Univ Geneva, Res Acad Comp Technol Inst C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Zink, M (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM zink@cs.umass.edu; westy@cs.umass.edu; Kurt.Hondl@noaa.gov; kurose@cs.umass.edu; junyent@ecs.umass.edu; lkrnan@ecs.umass.edu; chandra@engr.colostate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26422-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3560 BP 395 EP 396 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCO10 UT WOS:000230375000034 ER PT J AU Easterling, DR Goodge, G Menne, MJ Williams, CN Levinson, D AF Easterling, David R. Goodge, Grant Menne, Matthew J. Williams, Claude N., Jr. Levinson, David TI Comparison of local and regional trends in surface and lower-tropospheric temperatures in western North Carolina SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE temperature trends; urbanization; MSU ID LAND-USE CHANGE; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; URBAN; MAXIMUM; IMPACT AB Temperature time series for stations in western North Carolina are used to evaluate the potential for an urban signal in the local temperature trend, and to compare a homogeneous temperature record from a mountain-top station to two versions of the lower-tropospheric, satellite-derived temperatures from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU). Results regarding the urban signal are in agreement with the conclusion from previous investigations that after a location is urbanized, the local temperature trend is consistent with trends derived from surrounding, more rural stations. With respect to the mountain top and lower-tropospheric temperature comparison, the magnitudes of the two MSU-derived trends for the western North Carolina area are closer to the average annual minimum temperature trend than to the annual average maximum temperature trend. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Easterling, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM David.Easterling@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2005 VL 9 AR 28 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 096DX UT WOS:000241358600001 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Choi, HI Kunkel, KE Dai, YJ Joseph, E Wang, JXL Kumar, P AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Choi, Hyun I. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Dai, Yongjiu Joseph, Everette Wang, Julian X. L. Kumar, Praveen TI Surface boundary conditions for mesoscale regional climate models SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE surface boundary conditions; regional climate model; land cover; leaf area index; fractional vegetation cover; soil fraction profiles; bedrock depth; sea surface temperature ID FRACTIONAL VEGETATION COVER; COMMON LAND MODEL; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PART I; SATELLITE DATA; DATA SET; RESOLUTION; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY AB This paper utilizes the best available quality data from multiple sources to develop consistent surface boundary conditions (SBCs) for mesoscale regional climate model (RCM) applications. The primary SBCs include 1) of soil characteristics (bedrock depth, and sand and clay fraction profiles), which for the first time have been consistently introduced to define 3D soil properties; 2) fields of vegetation characteristic fields (landcover category, and static fractional vegetation cover and varying leaf-plus-stem-area indices) to represent spatial and temporal variations of vegetation with improved data coherence and physical realism; and 3) daily sea surface temperature variations based on the most appropriate data currently available or other value-added alternatives. For each field, multiple data sources are compared to quantify uncertainties for selecting the best one or merged to create a consistent and complete spatial and temporal coverage. The SBCs so developed can be readily incorporated into any RCM suitable for U. S. climate and hydrology modeling studies, while the data processing and validation procedures can be more generally applied to construct SBCs for any specific domain over the globe. C1 Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Res Ctr Remote Sensing & GIS, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@uiuc.edu RI Kumar, Praveen/D-2036-2010; Dai, Yongjiu/D-1070-2010; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 OI Kumar, Praveen/0000-0002-4787-0308; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2005 VL 9 AR 18 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 094BR UT WOS:000241214700001 ER PT B AU McAdoo, D Wagner, C Laxon, S AF McAdoo, D Wagner, C Laxon, S BE Reigber, C Luhr, H Schwintzer, P Wickert, J TI Improvements in arctic gravity and geoid from CHAMP and GRACE: An evaluation SO EARTH OBSERVATION WITH CHAMP: RESULTS FROM THREE YEARS ORBIT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd CHAMP Science Meeting CY SEP 01-04, 2003 CL GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, GERMANY SP BMBF, German Aerosp Ctr HO GFZ Potsdam DE arctic; CHAMP; geoid; GRACE; gravity; sea ice ID FIELD MODEL; OCEAN AB The near-polar CHAMP and GRACE satellites are now acquiring vitally important new information on the geoid and gravity field of the polar regions. This investigation demonstrates that CHAMP and GRACE data are dramatically reducing the large gaps in our knowledge of the Arctic region, constraining the long wavelength geopotential (>300 km) and beginning to yield the high accuracy marine geoid which is needed for Arctic oceanographic and sea ice studies. Using a detailed Arctic surface gravity field and an independent altimetric gravity field as benchmarks we have evaluated the immediate-to-long wavelength (> 300km) component of seven CHAMP and two GRACE satellite-only gravity models such as the GFZ EIGEN, the NASA PGS and UT/CSR. We evaluate, spectrally, the errors in - and differences between - these satellite-only models in the Arctic at wavelengths from 300 to 2500 km. The GRACE models accurately resolve Arctic gravity to full wavelengths as short as 500 kin while the CHAMP models do so to full wavelengths as short as 1000 km. However the CHAMP models continue to show improved resolution as more and better (e.g. lower elevation) data are incorporated. The best CHAMP models agree well with the detailed Arctic ARC-GP model to an rms (error of commission) of better than 2.06 mGal (gravity)and 31 cm (geoid) for all wavelengths (full) longer than 1100 km. GRACE-only geoids are precise to 40 cm or better (all wavelengths) over large areas of the Arctic. CHAMP and GRACE-based geoids could have the accuracy required to detect (together with altmetry) the poorly known dynamic topography of the Arctic Ocean. As an example. a GRACE/detailed-gravity hybrid geoid is presented. C1 NOAA, ORAD Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 21094 USA. RP McAdoo, D (reprint author), NOAA, ORAD Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 21094 USA. RI Laxon, Seymour/C-1644-2008; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010 OI McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-22804-7 PY 2005 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/3-540-26800-6_6 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BBM30 UT WOS:000226132800006 ER PT J AU Macmillan, S Maus, S AF Macmillan, S Maus, S TI International geomagnetic reference field - the tenth generation SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE main field modelling; IGRF AB The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 10th Generation was adopted in 2004 by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Working Group V-MOD. It is the latest version of a standard mathematical description of the Earth's main magnetic field and is used widely in studies of the Earth's deep interior, its crust and its ionosphere and magnetosphere. This generation differs from the previous generation with the replacement of the secular-variation model for 2000.0-2005.0 with a main-field model at 2005.0 and a secular-variation model for 2005.0-2010.0. The IGRF is the product of a huge collaborative effort between magnetic field modellers and the institutes involved in collecting and disseminating magnetic field data from satellites and from observatories and surveys around the world. This paper lists the new coefficients and includes contour maps and pole positions. C1 British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Macmillan, S (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Murchison House,W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. EM smac@bgs.ac.uk NR 8 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 4 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2005 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1135 EP 1140 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 001ET UT WOS:000234517100002 ER PT J AU Maus, S McLean, S Dater, D Luhr, H Rother, M Mai, WG Choi, SC AF Maus, S McLean, S Dater, D Luhr, H Rother, M Mai, WG Choi, SC TI NGDC/GFZ candidate models for the 10th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE geomagnetism; field modeling; reference field; secular variation ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; IGRF AB Following the call for candidates for the 10th generation IGRF, we produced and submitted three main field and three secular variation candidate models. The candidates are derived from parent models which use a standard quadratic parameterisation in time of the internal Gauss coefficients. External magnetospheric fields are represented by combined parameterisations in Solar Magnetic (SM) and in Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates. Apart from the daily and annual variations caused by these external fields, the model also accounts for induction by Earth rotation in a non-axial external field. The uncertainties of our candidates are estimated by comparing independent models from CHAMP and Orsted data. The root mean square errors of our main field candidates, for the internal field to spherical harmonic degree 13, are estimated to be less than 8 nT at the Earth's surface. Our secular variation candidates are estimated to have root mean square uncertainties of 12 nT per year. A hind-cast analysis of the geomagnetic field for earlier epochs shows that our secular acceleration estimates from post-2000 satellite data are inconsistent with pre-2000 acceleration in the field. This could confirm earlier reports of a jerk around 2000.0, with a genuine change in the secular acceleration. C1 NOAA EGCI, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Res Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Maus, S (reprint author), NOAA EGCI, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Stefan.Maus@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2005 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1151 EP 1156 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 001ET UT WOS:000234517100004 ER PT J AU Maus, S Macmillan, S Lowes, F Bondar, T AF Maus, S Macmillan, S Lowes, F Bondar, T TI Evaluation of candidate geomagnetic field models for the 10th generation of IGRF SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE geomagnetism; field modeling; reference field; secular variation AB The recent satellite magnetic missions, combined with high quality ground observatory measurements, have provided excellent data for main field modelling. Four different groups submitted seven main-field and eight secular-variation candidate models for IGRF-10. These candidate models were evaluated using several different strategies. Comparing models with independent data was found to be difficult. Valuable information was gained by mapping model differences, computing root mean square differences between all pairs of models and between models and the common mean, and by studying power spectra and azimuthal distributions of coefficient power. The resulting adopted IGRF main-field model for 2005.0, an average of three selected candidate models is estimated to have a formal root mean square error over the Earth's surface of only 5 nT, though it is likely that the actual error is somewhat larger than this. Due to the inherent uncertainty in secular variation forecasts, the corresponding error of the adopted secular-variation model for 2005.0-2010.0, an average of four selected candidate models, is estimated at 20 nT/a. C1 Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. British Geol Survey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Phys Dept, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. IZMIRAN, Moscow 142190, Russia. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Stefan.Maus@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2005 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1173 EP 1181 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 001ET UT WOS:000234517100007 ER PT J AU Josell, D Beauchamp, CR Kelley, DR Witt, CA Moffat, TP AF Josell, D Beauchamp, CR Kelley, DR Witt, CA Moffat, TP TI Gold superfill in sub-micrometer trenches SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE CYANIDE SOLUTION; SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; FILM GROWTH; COPPER; SILVER; DEPOSITION; MODEL; MECHANISM; COVERAGE; CONTACTS AB Bottom-up feature fill, also called "superfill,'' of gold is demonstrated for the first time. Gold superfill is achieved in trenches as narrow as 60 nm, particularly relevant for interconnects on GaAs and GaN technologies. This was accomplished through the use of submonolayer coverage of a preadsorbed, deposition-rate accelerating surfactant followed by Au electrodeposition. The experimental results indicate the potential of this technologically relevant process and also support the generality of the CEAC mechanism for feature superfill and surface stabilization. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cookson Elect, Orange, CT 06516 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP C54 EP C57 DI 10.1149/1.1854777 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 915SK UT WOS:000228326400017 ER PT J AU Mallett, JJ Svedberg, EB Sayan, S Shapiro, AJ Wielunski, L Madey, TE Chen, PJ Egelhoff, WF Moffat, TP AF Mallett, JJ Svedberg, EB Sayan, S Shapiro, AJ Wielunski, L Madey, TE Chen, PJ Egelhoff, WF Moffat, TP TI Compositional control in electrodeposited CoxPt1-x films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; OXYGEN; FE; CO AB Electrochemical co-deposition of CoxPt1-x alloys is demonstrated at potentials positive to that required to deposit elemental cobalt (underpotential, or "induced,'' co-deposition). Co-deposition is attributed to the negative enthalpy of CoxPt1-x alloy formation. A regular solid-solution model is used to describe the dependence of the film composition on the deposition potential. X-ray diffraction of films grown on Cu(100)parallel to Si(100), as well as poly- Au parallel to SiO(2)parallel to Si, reveal the formation of a randomly oriented CoxPt1-x face-centered cubic alloy for x > 0.3. A transition to the hexagonal close-packed phase is evident at higher cobalt concentrations (x > 0.9). (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Mallett, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.mallett@nist.gov NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP C15 EP C18 DI 10.1149/1.1833651 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 916BD UT WOS:000228356800025 ER PT J AU O'Leary, DP Bullock, SS AF O'Leary, DP Bullock, SS TI QR factorizations using a restricted set of rotations SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE QR decomposition; Givens rotations; plane rotations; parallel QR decomposition; quantum circuit design; qudits ID GATES AB Any matrix A of dimension m x n (m >= n) can be reduced to upper triangular form by multiplying by a sequence of mn - n(n + 1)/2 appropriately rotation matrices. In this work, we address the question of whether such a factorization exists when the set of allowed rotation planes is restricted. We introduce the rotation graph as a tool to devise elimination orderings in QR factorizations. Properties of this graph characterize sets of rotation planes that are sufficient (or sufficient under permutation) and identify rotation planes to add to complete a deficient set. We also devise a constructive way to determine all feasible rotation sequences for performing the QR factorization using a restricted set of rotation planes. We present applications to quantum circuit design and parallel QR factorization. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Compuatat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP O'Leary, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Compuatat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM oleary@cs.umd.edu; stephen.bullock@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2005 VL 21 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 009XK UT WOS:000235146700004 ER PT S AU Jones, RL Soles, CL Lin, EK Hu, W Reano, RM Pang, SW Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JP AF Jones, RL Soles, CL Lin, EK Hu, W Reano, RM Pang, SW Weigand, SJ Keane, DT Quintana, JP BE Mackay, RS TI Pattern fidelity in nanoimprinted films using CD-SAXS SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX CY MAR 01-03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanoimprint lithography; CD metrology; x-ray scattering; sub-100 mn lithography ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; NANOFLUIDIC CHANNELS; FLOW BEHAVIOR; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION AB The primary measure of process quality in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is the fidelity of pattern transfer, comparing the dimensions of the imprinted pattern to those of the mold. As a potential next generation lithography, NIL is capable of true nanofabrication, producing patterns of sub-10 nm dimensions. Routine production of nanoscale patterns will require new metrologies capable of non-destructive dimensional measurements of both the mold and the pattern with sub-nm precision. In this article, a rapid, non-destructive technique termed Critical Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering (CD-SAXS) is used to measure the cross sectional shape of both a pattern master, or mold, and the resulting imprinted films. CD-SAXS data are used to extract periodicity as well as pattern height, width, and sidewall angles. Films of varying materials are molded by thermal embossed NIL at temperatures both near and far from the bulk glass transition (T-G). The polymer systems include a photoresist, representing a mixture of a polymer and small molecular components, and two pure homopolymers. Molding at low temperatures (T-T-G < 40 degrees C) produces small aspect ratio patterns that maintain periodicity to within a single nanometer, but feature large sidewall angles. While the pattern height does not reach that of the mold until very large imprinting temperatures (T-T-G approximate to 70 degrees C), the pattern width of the mold is accurately transferred for T-T-G > 30 degrees C. In addition to obtaining basic dimensions, CD-SAXS data are used to assess the origin of loss in pattern fidelity. C1 NIST Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), NIST Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Pang, Stella/A-7770-2012; Reano, Ronald/J-9286-2014 OI Pang, Stella/0000-0002-4330-0877; NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5731-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5751 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1117/12.600267 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCI48 UT WOS:000229586500042 ER PT S AU Grantham, S Hill, SB Tarrio, C Vest, RE Lucatorto, TB AF Grantham, S Hill, SB Tarrio, C Vest, RE Lucatorto, TB BE Mackay, RS TI EUV component and system characterization at NIST for the support of extreme-ultraviolet lithography SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX CY MAR 01-03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; reflectometry; radiometry; dosimetry; lifetime testing ID REFLECTOMETRY; STANDARDS AB There are many obstacles in the path to the commercialization of EUV lithography including optics lifetime and source power. The Photon Physics Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology has programs to support the extreme-ultraviolet source and optics development community in their efforts to meet the needs of lithography tool makers. Extreme-ultraviolet detector and optics metrology have been key elements of the Photon Physics Group program for over a decade, and this program has expanded recently to allow the calibration of assembled instruments for source development metrology. This program also includes a dedicated beamline for the exposure of multilayer optics in a low-pressure water atmosphere to test the performance of optics under irradiation conditions similar to those expected in a stepper's projection optics box. In this paper we will outline our programs in multilayer optics testing and at-wavelength detector and optics metrology including descriptions of facilities, capabilities and future plans to further support the efforts to commercialize this important technology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photon Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. RP Grantham, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photon Phys Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5731-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5751 BP 1185 EP 1191 DI 10.1117/12.599528 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCI48 UT WOS:000229586500127 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Soles, CL Ro, HW Hines, DR Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Lee, HJ Soles, CL Ro, HW Hines, DR Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL BE Mackay, RS TI High-resolution residual layer thickness metrology using X-ray reflectivity SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies IX CY MAR 01-03, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanoimprint lithography; residual layer; thickness; pattern shape; metrology; X-ray reflectivity ID NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DENSITY AB Controlling the thickness and uniformity of the unpatterned, residual layer is a critical challenge to sub-50 nm patterning with nanoimprint lithography (NIL). While nanometer level uniformity is essential, there is currently a lack of metrological capability for residual layer characterization. Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) is a versatile and widely used metrology to quantify the thickness, density, and roughness of thin smooth films. Here we extend SXR to measure the thickness of the residual layer with sub-nm resolution. In addition to the residual layer thickness, X-ray reflectivity also reveals detailed information about the pattern height, the line to space ratio, and the relative line width variations of the pattern as a function of the pattern height. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5731-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5751 BP 1203 EP 1210 DI 10.1117/12.600004 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCI48 UT WOS:000229586500129 ER PT J AU Woofter, RT Brendtro, K Ramsdell, JS AF Woofter, RT Brendtro, K Ramsdell, JS TI Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in blood of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) after aqueous exposure to Karenia brevis SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood; brevetoxin; radioimmunoassay ID 3 WATERBORNE CHLOROETHANES; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TOXICOKINETIC MODEL; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DERMAL ABSORPTION; COLLECTION CARDS; FISH; PBTX-3; TOXINS AB There is a critical need to simply and reliably monitor brevetoxins routinely in the blood of humans and aquatic animals. We used striped mullet as laboratory test animals to better define the uptake and elimination kinetics of brevetoxin during an aqueous exposure to the brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Striped mullet were first exposed to sublethal densities of K brevis (similar to 250,000 cells/L) for 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr. No mortality was observed in the aquaria, and at each time point blood samples were taken and applied to blood collection cards for brevetoxin analysis using radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA indicated that blood levels of brevetoxin (PbTx-3) increased to values significantly different from that of the controls at all five time points during exposure (p < 0.05). Striped mullet were then exposed to a K brevis culture with a known brevetoxin concentration of 0.5 ng/mL. Even after exposures at a low brevetoxin concentration, RIA was able to detect 2.25 +/- 0.62 ng/mL PbTx-3 equivalents in the blood of the mullet at 8 hr of exposure. When exposed to higher brevetoxin concentrations (3.5 and 5.4 ng/mL), blood breve-toxin increased to peak levels at 12 hr and then reached equilibrium after 24 hr in the continued presence of K brevis. During this time of equilibrium, the mullet maintained brevetoxins with a blood:water coefficient of 2.2. To define the elimination of brevetoxin, striped mullet were next exposed for 8-10 hr and then transferred to fresh seawater containing no K brevis for up to 116 hr. Blood brevetoxin levels remained elevated and decreased only by 50% 116 hr after transfer. The rate of elimination fit best to a two-phase exponential decay with a biologic half-life of 12 and 266 hr. This study, using RIA in conjunction with blood collection cards, demonstrates an effective means to monitor blood brevetoxin levels in finfish and provides a foundation to characterize biologically relevant levels of brevetoxin in other species impacted by red tide events. C1 NOAA, Coastal Res Branch, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv,Marine Biotoxins Program,Natl Oce, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Res Branch, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv,Marine Biotoxins Program,Natl Oce, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 885ZQ UT WOS:000226196300023 PM 15626641 ER PT J AU Anderson, JW Hartwell, SI Hameed, MJ AF Anderson, JW Hartwell, SI Hameed, MJ TI Regional comparisons of coastal sediment contamination detected by a biomarker (P450 HRGS; EPA Method 4425) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REPORTER GENE SYSTEM; BIOASSAY; INDUCTION; BAY; CHEMICALS; PAHS; PCBS; FISH; RGS AB Pollution investigations by the Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have been conducted since 1984 and have incorporated extensive biological and chemical analyses. Since 1993, one of the biological tests utilized in these studies has been the biomarker P450HRGS, which is more recently described as EPA Method 4425. Extracts of sediments are applied to a human cell line with a reporter gene (firefly luciferase) at the CYP1A1 site. Light produced by the extracts is a function of the concentrations and potencies of those compounds with an affinity for Ah-receptor (certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dioxins/ furans). These compounds are carcinogenic and can produce chronic toxicity, and those containing chlorine are persistent and bioaccumulated. Nineteen coastal regions and 1309 samples from the three U.S. coasts have been evaluated as part of the NOAA investigations. The stratified random sampling approach used by NOAA provides estimates of the areas (km(2)) of each region containing levels of the compounds above thresholds. From analysis of the database, sediments with concentrations at or below 11mug benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (B[a]PEq)/g would not be expected to produce effects on the benthos. At 32,mug B[a]PEq/g and above there is the potential for impacts on the biota, and above 60 mug/g, the degradation of the benthic community has been observed. Several of the regional surveys found no samples at or above 60 mug B[a]PEq/g, but 60% of the samples from New York Harbor (280 km(2)) were above this level. Analyses of data from Puget Sound and Chesapeake Bay demonstrate an increase in samples above 32 mug B[a]PEq/g in more populated and industrial regions. Method 4425 serves as both a biomarker, simulating the response of an organism (with CYP1A) exposed to inducing compounds, and as a bioanalytical technique measuring the levels of these chemicals in the samples. A targeted investigation of the distribution of the three important classes of compounds identified by Method 4425 would be more cost-effective by first screening samples by this method before expending substantial funds in the detailed chemical analysis of all samples. C1 Columbia Analyt Serv, Kelso, WA 98626 USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, NSCII, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Anderson, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM jw.anderson@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1021/es049283b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 884UM UT WOS:000226112200007 PM 15667070 ER PT J AU Boulanger, B Peck, AM Schnoor, JL Hornbuckle, KC AF Boulanger, B Peck, AM Schnoor, JL Hornbuckle, KC TI Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactant in Lake Ontario SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; PERFLUORINATED SURFACTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; WATER SAMPLES; SULFONATE; MICHIGAN; BIRDS; SPECTROMETRY; SERUM AB Perfluorooctane surfactants have been reported in biota, water,and air samples worldwide. Despite these reports, the main environmental sources of these compounds remain undefined. To address this gap in knowledge, an annual lake-wide mass budget of eight perfluorooctane surfactants was developed for Lake Ontario. To determine the atmospheric contribution to the mass budget, over-the-lake gas-phase air concentrations for N-EtFOSE and N-EtFOSA and particulate-phase air concentrations for PFOS in any air sample are reported for the first time, with mean concentrations when present of 0.5 +/- 0.32 (N-EtFOSE gas-phase), 1.1 +/- 0.9 (N-EtFOSA gas-phase), and 6.4 +/- 3.3 (PFOS particulate-phase) pg/m(3). The mass budget finds inflow from Lake Erie (14 361 +/- 4489 kg Sigmaperfluorooctane surfactants) and wastewater discharge (1762 +/- 2697 kg Sigmaperfluorooctane surfactants)to be the major sources, while outflow through the St. Lawrence River is the dominant loss mechanism (22 727 +/- 7060 kg/year Sigmaperfluorooctane surfactants). Using the mass budget data, the steady state and measured mean concentrations in the lake water are the same at the 95% confidence level. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Hornbuckle, KC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. EM keri-hornbuckle@uiowa.edu RI Hornbuckle, Keri/A-8155-2008 OI Hornbuckle, Keri/0000-0002-3478-3221 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES05605] NR 26 TC 78 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1021/es049044o PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 884UM UT WOS:000226112200014 PM 15667077 ER PT J AU Greenberg, MS Burton, GA Landrum, PF Leppanen, MT Kukkonen, JVK AF Greenberg, MS Burton, GA Landrum, PF Leppanen, MT Kukkonen, JVK TI Desorption kinetics of fluoranthene and trifluralin from Lake Huron and Lake Erie, USA, sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE desorption kinetics; sediment; model; Tenax((R)) extraction; organic contaminants ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CONTACT TIME; SORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHEMICALS; SOIL; CHLOROBENZENES; SEQUESTRATION AB Desorption kinetics were determined for fluoranthene (FLU) and trifluralin (TF) spiked onto Lake Erie and Lake Huron, USA, sediments at three concentrations (10, 40, 100 mg/kg dry wt). Following four months of equilibration, desorption was measured by extraction with Tenax(R) and the data were fit to a first-order three-compartment kinetic model. The rate constants of the rapidly (k(rap)), Slowly (k(slow)), and very slowly (k(vs)) desorbing fractions were on the order of 10(-1)/h, 10(-2-3)/h, and 10(-4)/h, respectively. The t(999) (time required for 99.9% of the FLU and TF to desorb from each pool value) for each compartment indicated that FLU and TF desorption from rapid, slow, and very slow compartments were OD the order of hours, days, and years, respectively. Higher rates of desorption were observed for FLU and TF from the Lake Huron sediments and this was not apparently related to the total organic carbon (TOC), particle size distribution, or polarity (carbon-to-nitrogen ratio) of the sediments. In general, the total fraction of the initial contaminant amounts that desorbed over the time course was directly related to concentration, which we hypothesized was due to the combined effects of saturation of high-energy (slow and very slow) binding sites in the organic carbon matrix and hysteresis. In extrapolations to field conditions, FLU and TF were predicted to persist in the sediments for years due to the very slow desorption of an estimated 31 to 53% of the bulk concentrations. Based on the rapidly desorbing fractions, the bioavailable amounts of the contaminants were predicted to be between 31 to 55% of bulk sediment concentrations. C1 Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, Joensuu 80101, Finland. RP Greenberg, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM greenberg.marc@epa.gov NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1897/04-059R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 880XW UT WOS:000225824600006 PM 15683165 ER PT J AU Sandahl, JF Baldwin, DH Jenkins, JJ Scholz, NL AF Sandahl, JF Baldwin, DH Jenkins, JJ Scholz, NL TI Comparative thresholds for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and behavioral impairment in coho salmon exposed to chlorpyrifos SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE salmon; pesticide; organophosphate; behavior; acetylcholinesterase ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SUBLETHAL TOXICITY; INSECTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; DIAZINON AB Chlorpyrifos is a common organophosphate insecticide that has been widely detected in surface waters that provide habitat for Pacific salmon in the western United States. Although chlorpyrifos is known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain and muscle of salmonids, the relationship between sublethal AChE inhibition and more integrative indicators of neuro-behavioral impairment are poorly understood. This is particularly true for exposures that reflect the typical range of pesticide concentrations in the aquatic environment. To directly compare the effects of chlorpyrifos on AChE activity and salmon behavior, we exposed juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kistitch) to chlorpyrifos (0-2.5 mug/L) for 96 h. A computer-assisted, three-dimensional video imaging system was used to measure spontaneous swimming and feeding behaviors in control and chlorpyrifos-exposed fish. After the behavioral trials, brain and muscle tissues were collected and analyzed for AChE activity. Chlorpyrifos inhibited tissue AChE activity and all behaviors in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, brain AChE inhibition and reductions in spontaneous swimming and feeding activity were significantly correlated. Benchmark concentrations for sublethal neurotoxicity (statistical departure values) were <0.5 mug/L and were similar for both neurochemical and behavioral endpoints. Collectively, these results indicate a close relationship between brain AChE inhibition and behavioral impairment in juvenile coho exposed to chlorpyrifos at environmentally realistic concentrations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 1007 Ag & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES 07060] NR 48 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 32 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1897/04-195R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 880XW UT WOS:000225824600018 PM 15683177 ER PT J AU Landrum, PF Steevens, JA McElroy, M Gossiaux, DC Lewis, JS Robinson, SD AF Landrum, PF Steevens, JA McElroy, M Gossiaux, DC Lewis, JS Robinson, SD TI Time-dependent toxicity of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene to Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; Hyalella azteca; lethal residue; temporal response ID FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BODY RESIDUES; LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS; PAH TOXICITY; MODEL; TOXICOKINETICS; BIOCONCENTRATION; BIOACCUMULATION; FLUORANTHENE AB Temporal effects on body residues of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) associated with mortality in the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca were evaluated. Toxicokinetics and body residues were determined from water-only exposures that varied from 4 to 28 d, and DDE concentrations ranging from 0.0013 to 0.045 mumol L-1. Uptake and elimination parameters were not affected significantly by the various temporal and concentration treatments. Uptake rate coefficients ranged from 134.3 to 586.7 ml g(-1) h(-1), and elimination rate coefficients ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0249 h(-1). Toxicity metric values included body residue for 50% mortality,at a fixed sample time (LR50) and mean lethal residue to produce 50% mortality from individual exposure concentrations (MLR50) for live organisms and dead organisms. A twofold increase occurred in the MLR50 values calculated using live organisms compared to MLR50 values using dead organisms. Toxicity and kinetic data were fit to a damage assessment model that allows for the time course for toxicokinetics and damage repair, demonstrating the time-dependence of body residues to toxicity. The DDE appeared to act through a nonpolar narcosis mode of action for both acute and chronic mortality in H. azteca. Furthermore, the temporal trend in the toxic response using body residue as the dose metric is steep and found to be similar to another chlorinated hydrocarbon, pentachlorobenzene, but was more potent than that found for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1897/04-055R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 880XW UT WOS:000225824600027 PM 15683186 ER PT B AU Keller, BD Causey, BD AF Keller, BD Causey, BD BE Bortone, SA TI Using satellite imagery and environmental monitoring to interpret oceanographic influences on estuarine and coastal waters SO ESTUARINE INDICATORS SE MARINE SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Estuarine Indicators Workshop CY OCT 29-31, 2003 CL Sanibel Isl, FL SP S Florida Water Management Dist, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Charlotte Harbor Natl Estuary Program ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MASS MORTALITY; FLORIDA-KEYS; TRANSPORT; DISEASE; PLUME; RIVER C1 Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Marathon, FL USA. RP Keller, BD (reprint author), Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Marathon, FL USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2822-5 J9 MAR SCI SER PY 2005 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBQ56 UT WOS:000227159500005 ER PT B AU Hackney, JW Durako, MJ AF Hackney, JW Durako, MJ BE Bortone, SA TI A hierarchical approach to the evaluation of variability in ecoindicators of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum SO ESTUARINE INDICATORS SE MARINE SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Estuarine Indicators Workshop CY OCT 29-31, 2003 CL Sanibel Isl, FL SP S Florida Water Management Dist, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Charlotte Harbor Natl Estuary Program ID INNER-SHELF LAGOON; LONG-TERM TRENDS; FLORIDA-BAY; REEF LAGOON; ZOSTERA-MARINA; WATER-QUALITY; ABUNDANCE; BIOMASS; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hackney, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2822-5 J9 MAR SCI SER PY 2005 BP 175 EP 192 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBQ56 UT WOS:000227159500012 ER PT B AU Eklund, AM AF Eklund, AM BE Bortone, SA TI Habitat affinities of juvenile Goliath grouper to assess estuarine conditions SO ESTUARINE INDICATORS SE MARINE SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Estuarine Indicators Workshop CY OCT 29-31, 2003 CL Sanibel Isl, FL SP S Florida Water Management Dist, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Charlotte Harbor Natl Estuary Program ID MANAGEMENT; FLORIDA; MEXICO; FISHES; GULF; BAY C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Eklund, AM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2822-5 J9 MAR SCI SER PY 2005 BP 393 EP 407 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBQ56 UT WOS:000227159500025 ER PT B AU Hameedi, MJ AF Hameedi, MJ BE Bortone, SA TI Environmental indicators as performance measures for improving estuarine environmental quality SO ESTUARINE INDICATORS SE MARINE SCIENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Estuarine Indicators Workshop CY OCT 29-31, 2003 CL Sanibel Isl, FL SP S Florida Water Management Dist, Florida Dept Environm Protect, Charlotte Harbor Natl Estuary Program ID ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BENTHIC INDEX; MANAGEMENT; MARINE; COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENTS; PROGRESS; STRESS C1 NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Hameedi, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-8493-2822-5 J9 MAR SCI SER PY 2005 BP 451 EP 465 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BBQ56 UT WOS:000227159500029 ER PT J AU Levin, I Huang, QZ Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W AF Levin, I Huang, QZ Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W TI Nonquenchable chemical order - Disorder phase transition in yttrium oxyfluoride SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phase transitions; yttrium; X-ray diffraction; order-disorder transitions AB A chemical order-disorder polymorphic phase transition in yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF) was studied in situ by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The high-temperature form of YOF crystallizes with a cubic Fm (3) over barm fluorite structure in which the 0 and F atoms are disordered among the tetrahedrally coordinated sites. The low-temperature form of YOF exhibits rhombohedral R (3) over barm symmetry and evolves from the high-temperature form by the phase transition associated with the ordering of the 0 and F atoms. The transition occurs around 560 degreesC. The superstructure contains layers of [OY4] and [FY4] tetrahedra alternating along the c-axis of the trigonal cell (parallel to the <111> direction of the parent cubic structure). The ordering of the O and F atoms is accompanied by the significant displacements of the Y, O, and F atoms from their ideal positions in the cubic phase. Bond valence sum calculations indicate considerable bond strain for both O and F in the cubic structure; the strain is relieved in the ordered low-temperature phase. The order-disorder transition in YOF is completely reversible and exhibits fast non-quenchable kinetics. (C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PY 2005 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1002/ejic.200400299 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 888EI UT WOS:000226356600012 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR AF Ravishankara, AR TI Chemistry-climate coupling: the importance of chemistry in climate issues SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; AEROSOL; OXIDATION; NO3; KINETICS; SINK; OH AB Chemistry plays an important role in determining the current state and the predictions of the future state of earth's climate because a large number of agents that force earth's climate are chemically active. Chemical processes in the atmosphere determine the abundances and properties of atmospheric forcing agents. This is particularly true for the species that need to be addressed for influencing the course of the earth's climate in the near future. The factors that determine the chemical transformations and properties of chemically active climate forcing agents are discussed here. The levels of improvements needed in our understanding of chemical processes to reduce the uncertainties in the climate forcing are noted. The specific issues of night time chemistry, non-linear chemical processes, parameterization of atmospheric processes, spatial/temporal variability of chemical species, and the need for real world characterization of aerosols are discussed. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, David Skaggs Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, David Skaggs Res Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM A.R.Ravishankara@NOAA.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2005 VL 130 BP 9 EP 26 DI 10.1039/b509603k PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 963KV UT WOS:000231804100001 PM 16161775 ER PT J AU Stutz Ravishankara Pyle Tuck Evans Herrmann Chipperfield Zellner Roscoe, H Shallcross Cox Bloss Monks Stevenson Arnold Heard Remedios Wayne Cohen Brauers Orr-Ewing Blitz Wang Duxbury Dibble Taatjes Eisfeld Seakins Kovacs Dobe Farkas Ingham Rowley Kolb Stephenson Donahue Hynes Smith, IWM Self Donaldson AF Stutz Ravishankara Pyle Tuck Evans Herrmann Chipperfield Zellner Roscoe, H Shallcross Cox Bloss Monks Stevenson Arnold Heard Remedios Wayne Cohen Brauers Orr-Ewing Blitz Wang Duxbury Dibble Taatjes Eisfeld Seakins Kovacs Dobe Farkas Ingham Rowley Kolb Stephenson Donahue Hynes Smith, IWM Self Donaldson TI Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the recombination of OH with NO2: Vibrational deactivation, isotopic scrambling and product isomer branching ratios - General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; SELF-REACTION; OZONE LOSS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; CHLORINE PEROXIDE; CLO DIMER; TEMPERATURE; O-2; RADICALS; N-2 C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforsch, Leipzig, Germany. Univ Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Chem Res Ctr, Budapest, Hungary. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2005 VL 130 BP 125 EP 151 DI 10.1039/b507787g PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 963KV UT WOS:000231804100008 ER PT J AU Tuck, AF Hovde, SJ Richard, EC Gao, RS Bui, TP Swartz, WH Lloyd, SA AF Tuck, AF Hovde, SJ Richard, EC Gao, RS Bui, TP Swartz, WH Lloyd, SA TI Molecular velocity distributions and generalized scale invariance in the turbulent atmosphere SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE COLUMN MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; CHLORINE CHEMISTRY; ABSORPTION; PHOTOLYSIS; DYNAMICS; POLARIS; CLOUDS; REGION; VORTEX AB Airborne observations of ozone, temperature and the spectral actinic photon flux for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere April-September 1997 and January-March 2000 allow a connection to be made between the rate of production of translationally hot atoms and molecules via ozone photodissociation and the intermittency of temperature. Seen in the context of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics literature results from molecular dynamics simulations, the observed correlation between the molecular scale production of translationally hot atoms and molecules and the macroscopic fluid mechanical intermittency of temperature may imply a departure from Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions of molecular velocities, with consequences for chemistry, radiative line shapes and turbulence in the atmosphere, arising from overpopulated high velocity tails of the probability distribution functions (PDFs). C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Tuck, AF (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2005 VL 130 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1039/b410551f PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 963KV UT WOS:000231804100011 PM 16161784 ER PT J AU Monks Plane Platt Stutz Kolb Burrows Remedios Jones Sarkar Shallcross Heard Stevenson Duxbury Tuck Ashfold Herrmann Smith, IWM Taatjes George Ravishankara Baltensperger Brauers Ammann Donahue Cox King Glowacki Donaldson Abbatt Cohen Karcher Coe Zellner Donaldson McFiggans Eisfeld AF Monks Plane Platt Stutz Kolb Burrows Remedios Jones Sarkar Shallcross Heard Stevenson Duxbury Tuck Ashfold Herrmann Smith, IWM Taatjes George Ravishankara Baltensperger Brauers Ammann Donahue Cox King Glowacki Donaldson Abbatt Cohen Karcher Coe Zellner Donaldson McFiggans Eisfeld TI General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; DENSITY-FUNCTION DERIVATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; FLUX PROFILES; FOG DROPLETS; ACETIC-ACID; TRACE GAS; MODEL C1 Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Heidelberg Univ, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Bremen, D-2800 Bremen, Germany. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforsch, Leipzig, Germany. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ London, Royal Holloway, London WC1E 7HU, England. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany. Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2005 VL 130 BP 241 EP 264 DI 10.1039/b507789n PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 963KV UT WOS:000231804100015 ER PT J AU Rudich Baltensperger McFiggans Herrmann Donahue George Ravishankara Wayne Ziemann Plane Allan Iinuma Alfarra Wenger Ziemann Heard Monks Jenkin Romero, B Shallcross Arnold Cox Wenger Tuck Duxbury Kolb Seakins Johnson Abbatt Coe Topping AF Rudich Baltensperger McFiggans Herrmann Donahue George Ravishankara Wayne Ziemann Plane Allan Iinuma Alfarra Wenger Ziemann Heard Monks Jenkin Romero, B Shallcross Arnold Cox Wenger Tuck Duxbury Kolb Seakins Johnson Abbatt Coe Topping TI Atmospheric chemistry - University of Leeds - April 11-13, 2005 - General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE ORGANICS; SURFACE-TENSION; INORGANIC SALT; ALPHA-PINENE; BETA-PINENE; URBAN; OH; OZONOLYSIS; ACTIVATION C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforsch, Leipzig, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69365 Lyon, France. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland. Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2005 VL 130 BP 363 EP 386 DI 10.1039/b507793c PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 963KV UT WOS:000231804100022 ER PT J AU Remedios Burrows Chipperfield Pfrang Monks Jaegle Sarkar Stevenson Evans Cohen Shallcross Bloss Brauers Berresheim Plane Cox Ravishankara Heard Dibble Seisel Baltensperger McFiggans Ammann Rudich Roscoe Zellner Abbatt Coe King Cox Wayne Allan Donahue Herrmann Ziemann Smith, G Tuck AF Remedios Burrows Chipperfield Pfrang Monks Jaegle Sarkar Stevenson Evans Cohen Shallcross Bloss Brauers Berresheim Plane Cox Ravishankara Heard Dibble Seisel Baltensperger McFiggans Ammann Rudich Roscoe Zellner Abbatt Coe King Cox Wayne Allan Donahue Herrmann Ziemann Smith, G Tuck TI Atmospheric chemistry - University of Leeds - April 11-13, 2005 - General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SATELLITE DATA; OLEIC-ACID; HYDROXYL; MECHANISM; PRODUCTS; KINETICS C1 Univ Bremen, D-2800 Bremen, Germany. Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Bremen, D-2800 Bremen, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany. Deutsch Wetterdienst BTU Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Acadia Univ, Wolfville, NS B0P 1X0, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ London, Royal Holloway, London WC1E 7HU, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Leibniz Inst Tropospharenforsch, Leipzig, Germany. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2005 VL 130 BP 491 EP 517 DI 10.1039/b507796f PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 963KV UT WOS:000231804100029 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Gehring, PM AF Xu, GY Gehring, PM TI Obituary: Dr. Gen Shirane (1924-2005) SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2005 VL 321 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1080/00150190500259566 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 981KO UT WOS:000233087700002 ER PT J AU Shirane, G Xu, GY Gehring, PM AF Shirane, G Xu, GY Gehring, PM TI Dynamics and structure of PMN and PZN SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on Disordered Ferroelectrics CY MAY, 2003 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLARIZATION ROTATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; MONOCLINIC PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O3; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; BEHAVIOR AB A review is given of recent neutron and x-ray scattering studies of the lead-oxide perovskite relaxor systems Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O-3 - xPbTiO(3) (PZN- xPT) and Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O-3 - x PbTiO3 (PMN-xPT). X-ray measurements by Noheda et al . have established that these two systems exhibit nearly identical phase diagrams in which a rhombohedral-monoclinic-tetragonal structural sequence takes place with increasing PbTiO3 concentration. Recent high-energy x-ray and neutron measurements on single crystals of PZN and PMN-10PT, however, show that the rhombohedral distortions occur only in the outermost 20-40 microns, while the bulk of each crystal transforms into a new phase X, which has a nearly cubic unit cell. This situation is very similar to the structural behavior of pure PMN at T-c = 220 K. A simple model has been suggested that correlates phase X to the unique atomic displacements of the polar nanoregions, which are created at the Burns temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gxu@bnl.gov RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2005 VL 321 BP 7 EP 19 DI 10.1080/00150190500259574 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 981KO UT WOS:000233087700004 ER PT B AU Kashiwagi, T AF Kashiwagi, T BE Bras, ML Wilkie, CA Bourbigot, S TI Flammability of nanocomposites: Effects of the shape of nanoparticles SO Fire Retardancy of Polymers: New Applications of Mineral Fillers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL Lille, FRANCE ID FLAME-RETARDANT MECHANISM; POLYMER; HYBRID C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kashiwagi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-85404-582-1 PY 2005 BP 81 EP 99 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BCE52 UT WOS:000228863800006 ER PT B AU Gilman, JW Bourbigot, S Bellayer, S Stretz, H Paul, DR AF Gilman, JW Bourbigot, S Bellayer, S Stretz, H Paul, DR BE Bras, ML Wilkie, CA Bourbigot, S TI Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer montmorillonite nanocomposite: Processing, characterization and flammability SO Fire Retardancy of Polymers: New Applications of Mineral Fillers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Meeting on Fire Retardancy and Protection of Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL Lille, FRANCE ID NYLON-6 CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-STABILITY; NMR; POLYSTYRENE; RELAXATION; DISPERSION; MORPHOLOGY C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, BFRL, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, BFRL, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-85404-582-1 PY 2005 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BCE52 UT WOS:000228863800013 ER PT B AU Karygiannis, A Kiayias, A Tsiounis, Y AF Karygiannis, A Kiayias, A Tsiounis, Y GP IEEE Computer Society TI A solution for wireless privacy and payments based on e-cash SO First International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communications Networks, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communication Networks CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Athens, GREECE SP IEEE Commun Soc, Create Net AB The IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) specifications have been the subject of increased attention due to their rapid commercial adaptation and the introduction of new security and privacy concerns. The IEEE 802.1x standard was introduced in order to overcome the initial security shortcomings of the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol. The IEEE 802.1x standard is an extensible standard that couples 802.11 networks with various authentication services through the incorporation of an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication dialog. The existing implementations of EAP dialogs are based on standard cryptographic solutions for authentication and session key generation but do not, however, provide any form of user anonymity or privacy. Anonymity and privacy are currently of pressing interest, especially in the context of WLANs, which are simultaneously the best medium to provide privacy (there is no physical phone number or connection end-point with a predetermined owner) as well as the most threatening medium to user privacy, as they have the potential of disclosing not only the identity of the user, but also their physical location. At the same time, the potential "perfect hiding" capabilities of WLAN users also highlights the need to control anonymity by introducing more flexible authentication mechanisms. Moreover, payment for wireless services is completely decoupled from the above procedures, raising additional efficiency and privacy concerns. In this work we propose a new EAP authentication dialog based on anonymous electronic cash that provides for privacy, anonymity control, payment acceptance and billing, and authentication. Our solution is based on the notion of "public-key embedding e-cash": an e-cash variant we present and formalize in this paper. We present a concrete description of the new EAP authentication dialog in the context of IEEE 802.1x. We also present an efficient implementation of a public-key embedding e-cash scheme based on RSA blind signatures and prove its security. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Karygiannis, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2369-2 PY 2005 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.1109/SECURECOMM.2005.9 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDD36 UT WOS:000232877600019 ER PT B AU Spencer, PD Ianelli, JN AF Spencer, PD Ianelli, JN BE Kruse, GH Gallucci, VF Hay, DE Perry, RI Peterman, RM Shirley, TC Spencer, PD Wilson, B Woodby, D TI Application of a Kalman filter to a multispecies stock complex SO FISHERIES ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN DATA-LIMITED SITUATIONS SE Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Assessment and Management of New and Developed Fisheries in Data-Limited Situations CY OCT 22-25, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Wakefield Endowment, Univ Alaska Fdn, NOAA Fisheries ID TRAWL-SURVEY; ROCKFISH AB Fish species are often managed as part of multispecies complexes when existing biological data and/or reported catch data are insufficient to conduct a more detailed single-species assessment. Catches of multispecies complexes may be reported for the aggregate complex, and an estimate of total catch by species can be made by applying species-specific catch proportions from fishery observer data (if available) to the total aggregated catch. However, this procedure would be expected to increase the variance of the resulting catch estimates, and possibly result in correlation in estimated catch between members of the complex. A Kalman filter is applied to such multispecies complexes to incorporate errors of this type, with the eastern Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands shortraker (Sebastes borealis) and rougheye (Sebastes aleutianus) rockfish used as an example. For this stock complex, consideration of sampling variability in observer data adds considerably to the assumed errors in catch. The Kalman filter also provides a methodology for treating the missing data that were common in the shortraker/rougheye data, and would be expected in most data-poor situations. By considering process errors, observation errors, and covariances between observations, the Kalman filter is a powerful tool for multispecies complexes that forces a consideration of sources and magnitude of the errors in the system. However, the shortraker/rougheye example illustrates that this methodology cannot make informative parameter estimates from non-informative data, and emphasizes the importance of reducing the sampling variances of input data and developing suitable priors for model parameters. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Spencer, PD (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM paul.spencer@noaa.gov; paul.spencer@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 1-56612-093-4 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2005 VL 21 BP 613 EP 634 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BDQ84 UT WOS:000234966100033 ER PT J AU Sun, CL Wang, SP Porch, CE Yeh, SZ AF Sun, CL Wang, SP Porch, CE Yeh, SZ TI Sex-specific yield per recruit and spawning stock biomass per recruit for the swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the waters around Taiwan SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE swordfish; yield per recruit; spawning stock biomass per recruit; reference point; spawning potential rate ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ARGYROSOMUS-INODORUS; POPULATIONS; PREFECTURE; MORTALITY; GROWTH; MODELS; FISH; AGE AB Sex-specific yield per recruit and spawning stock biomass per-recruit analyses were conducted to evaluate the population status of swordfish in the waters around Taiwan. Estimates of the total mortality rate. obtained from length composition data by. catch-curve analysis, are on the order of 0.30 year(-1) for females and 0.35 year(-1) for males. Pauly's empirical method indicates natural mortality rates of 0.25 and 0.27 for females and males. implying that the current fishing mortality rate on either sex is less than 0.1 year(-1). This is well below the estimates for the target reference points F-40% (0.12 year) and F-0.1 (0.20 year(-1)), suggesting the swordfish in the waters around Taiwan are not over-exploited. The spawning potential ratio associated with the, current level of exploitation was estimated to be 65% of the pristine level. Isopleths of yield per recruit and spawning stock biomass per recruit generated with various mortality rates suggest that both the yield and spawning biomass per recruit could be. increased by raising the a-e at first capture to a value greater than the age at the onset of sexual maturity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Sect 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Sect 4, 1 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw NR 33 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.07.010 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 886WH UT WOS:000226263100005 ER PT J AU Cooper, DW Pearson, KE Gunderson, DR AF Cooper, DW Pearson, KE Gunderson, DR TI Fecundity of shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus) and longspine thornyhead (S-altivelis) (Scorpaenidae) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean, determined by stereological and gravimetric techniques SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EGG MASSES; FISH AB -Fecundity was estimated for short spine thornyhead (Sebas-tolobus alascanus) and longspine thornyhead (S. altivelis) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Fecundity was not significantly different between shortspine thornyhead off Alaska, and the West Coast of the United States and is described by 0.0544xFL(3.978), where FL=fish fork length (cm). Fecundity was estimated for longspine thornyhead off the West Coast of the United States and is described by 0.8890xFL(3.249). Contrary to expectations for batch spawners, fecundity estimates for each species were not lower for fish collected during the spawning season compared to those collected prior to the spawning season. Stereological and grave metric fecundity estimation techniques for shortspine thornyhead provided similar results. The stereo-logical method enabled the estimation of fecund ty for samples collected earlier in ovarian development; however it could not be used for fecundity estimation in larger fish. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Cooper, DW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, FAKC2, 7600 Sant Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800002 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE McCracken, ML Moffitt, RB Wetherall, JA AF DeMartini, EE McCracken, ML Moffitt, RB Wetherall, JA TI Relative pleopod length as an indicator of size at sexual maturity in slipper (Scyllarides squammosus) and spiny Hawaiian (Panulirus marginatus) lobsters SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; JAPONICUS DECAPODA; ROCK LOBSTER; 1ST MATURITY; EGG SIZE; RED-SEA; PALINURIDAE; FECUNDITY; PENICILLATUS AB -Body size at gonadal maturity is described for females of the slipper lobster (Scyllarides squaininosus) (Scyllaridae) and the endemic Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) (Palinur dae) based on microscopic examination a of histological preparations of ovaries. These data are used to validate several morphological metrics (relative exopodite length, ovigerous condition) of functional sexual maturity. Relative exopodite(! length ("pleopod length") produced consistent estimates of size at maturity when evaluated with a newly derived, statistical application for estimating size at the morphometric maturation point (MMP) for the population, identified as the midpoint of a sigmoid function panning the estimated boundaries of overlap between the largest immature and smallest adult animals. Estimates of the MMP were related to matched (same-year) characterizations of sexual maturity based on ovigerous condition -a more conventional measure of functional maturity previously used to characterize maturity for the two lobster species. Both measures of functional maturity were similar for the respective species and were within 5% and 2% of one another for slipper and spiny lobster, respectively. The precision observed for two shipboard collection series of pleopod-length data indicated that the method is reliable and not dependent on specialized expertise. Precision of maturity estimates for S. squammosus with the pleopod-length metric was similar to that for P. marginatus with any of the other measures (including conventional evidence of ovigerous condition) and greatly exceeded the precision of estimates for S. squammosus based on ovigeious condition alone. The two measured of functional maturity averaged with in 8% of the estimated size at gonadal maturity for the respective species. Appendage-to-body size proportions, such as the pleopod length metric, hold great promise, particularly for species of slipper lobsters like S. squammosus for which there exist no other reliable conventional morphological measures of sexual maturity. Morphometric proportions also should be included among the factors evaluated when assessing size at sexual maturity in spiny lobster stocks; previously these proportions have been obtained routinely only for brachyuran crabs within the Crustacea. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM edward.demartini@nooa.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800003 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ AF Harvey, CJ TI Effects of El Nino events on energy demand and egg production of rockfish (Scorpaenidae : Sebastes): a bioenergetics approach SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BLUE ROCKFISH; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BLACK ROCKFISH; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; FOOD; FISHERIES; MYSTINUS; VARIABILITY AB Fish bioenergetics models estimate relationships between energy budgets;and environmental and physiological variables. This study presents a generic rockfish (Sebastes) bioenergetics model and estimates energy consumption by northern California blue rockfish (S. mystinus) under average (baseline) and El Nino conditions. Compared to males, female S. mystinus required more energy because they were larger and had greater reproductive costs. When El Nino conditions (warmer temperatures; lower growth, condition, and fecundity,) were experienced every 3-7 years, energy consumption decreased on an individual and a per-recruit basis in relation to baseline conditions but the decrease was minor (<4% a the individual scale, <7% at the perrecruit scale) compared to decreases in female egg production (12-19% at the individual scale, 15-23% at the per-recruit scale). When mortality in perrecruit models was increased by adding fishing, energy consumption in El Nino models grew more similar to that seen in the baseline model. However, egg production decreased significantly-an effect exacerbated by the frequency of El Nino events. Sensitivity analyses showed that energy consumption estimates were most sensitive to respiration parameters, energy density, and female fecundity and that estimated consumption increased as parameter uncertainty increased. This model provides a means of understanding rockfish trophic ecology in the context of community structure and environmental change by synthesizing metabolic, demographic, and environmental information. Future research should focus on acquiring such information so that models like the bioenergetics model can be used to estimate the effect of climate change, community shifts, and different harvesting strategies on rockfish energy demands. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800007 ER PT J AU Marancik, KE Clough, LM Hare, JA AF Marancik, KE Clough, LM Hare, JA TI Cross-shelf and seasonal variation in larval fish assemblages on the southeast United States continental shelf off the coast of Georgia SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; MARINE RESERVES; GULF-STREAM; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; NORTH-CAROLINA; KING MACKEREL; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; HYDROGRAPHY; BLUEFISH AB Seasonal and cross-shelf patterns were investigated in larval fish assemblages on the continental shelf off the coast of Georgia. The influence of environmental factors on larval distributions also was examined, and larval transport processes on the shelf were considered. Ichthyoplankton and environmental data were collected approximately every other month from spring 2000 to winter 2002. Ten stations were repeatedly sampled along a 110-km cross-shelf transect, including four stations in the vicinity of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. Correspondence analysis (CA) on untransformed community data identified two seasonal (warm weather [spring, summer, and fall] and winter) and three cross-shelf larval assemblages (inner-, mid-, and outer-shelf). Five environmental factors (temperature, salinity, density, depth of the water column, and stratification) were related to larval cross-shelf distribution. Specifically, increased water column stratification was associated with the outer-shelf assemblage in spring, summer, and fall. The inner shelf assemblage was associated with generally lower temperatures and lower salinities in the spring and summer and higher salinities in the winter. The three cross-shelf regions indicated by the three assemblages coincided with the location of three primary water masses on the shelf. However, taxa occurring together within an assemblage were transported to different parts of the shelf, thus, transport across the continental shelf off the coast of Georgia cannot be explained solely by two-dimensional physical factors. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habit Res, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Marancik, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habit Res, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Katey.Marancik@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 108 EP 129 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800010 ER PT J AU Parker, DM Cooke, WJ Balazs, GH AF Parker, DM Cooke, WJ Balazs, GH TI Diet of oceanic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the central North Pacific SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLEURONCODES-PLANIPES; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; MIGRATION; GROWTH; MEXICO; HABITAT; GULF AB Diet analysis of 52 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) collected as byeatch from 1990 to 1992 in the high-seas driftnet fishery operating between lat. 29.5degreesN and 43degreesN and between long. 150degreesE and 154degreesW demonstrated that these turtles fed predominately at the surface; few deeper water prey items were present in their stomachs. The turtles ranged in size from 13.5 to 74.0 cm curved carapace length. Whole turtles (n=10) and excised stomachs (n=42) were frozen and transported to a laboratory for analysis of major faunal components. Neustonic species accounted for four of the five most common pney taxa. The most common prey items were Janthina spp. (Gastropoda); Carinaria cithara Benson 1835 (Heteropoda); a chondrophore, Velella velella (Hydrodia); Lepas spp. (Cirripedia), Planes spp. (Decapoda: Grapsidae), and pyrosomas (Pyrosorna spp.). C1 Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. AECOS Inc, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. Honolulu Lab, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parker, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Denise.Parker@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 142 EP 152 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800012 ER PT J AU Roberson, NE Kimura, DK Gunderson, DR Shimada, AM AF Roberson, NE Kimura, DK Gunderson, DR Shimada, AM TI Indirect validation of the age-reading method for Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) using otoliths from marked and recaptured fish SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Two examples of indirect validation are described for age-reading methods of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Aging criteria that exclude faint translucent zones (checks) in counts of annuli and criteria that include faint zones were both tested. Otoliths from marked and recaptured fish were used to back-calculate the length of each fish at the time of its release by using measurements of the area of annuli. Estimated fish size at time of release and actual observed fish size were similar, supporting the assumption that translucent zones are laid down on an annual basis. A second method for validating reading criteria used otolith age and von Bertalanffy parameters, estimated from the tagging data, to predict how much each fish grew in length after tagging. We found that otolith aging criteria applied to otoliths from tagged a A recovered Pacific cod predicted quite accurately the growth incremerts that we observed in these specimers. These results provide further evidence that the current aging criteria are not underestimating the age of the fish and support our current interpretation of checks (i.e., as subannual marks). We expect these indirect validations to advance age determination for Pacific cod, which in turn would enhance development of stock assessment methods based on age structure for this species in the eastern Bering Sea. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Aquat & Fishery Serv, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Roberson, NE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Nancy.Roberson@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800013 ER PT J AU Wilson, MT Brown, AL Mier, KL AF Wilson, MT Brown, AL Mier, KL TI Geographic variation among age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma): evidence of mesoscale variation in nursery quality? SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-ALASKA; WESTERN GULF; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY; JUVENILE STAGE; LARVAL; GROWTH; FISH; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY AB Nurseries play an important part in the production of marine fishes. Determining the relative importance of different nurseries in maintaining the parental population, however, can be difficult. In the western Gulf of Alaska, the Kodiak Island vicinity may be particularly well suited as a pollock nursery because of a prey-rich nearshore environment. Our objectives were 1) to examine age-0 pollock body condition, growth, and diet for evidence of a nearshore-shelf effect, and 2) to determine if variation in the potential prey field of zooplankton was associated with this effect. This was a pilot study that occurred in three bays and over the adjacent shelf of] east Kodiak Island during 5-18 September 1993. Sampling occurred only during night at locations where echo sign indicated the presence of age-0 pollock. Echo sign was targeted to increase the chance of collectin, fish given the limited vessel time. Fish condition was indicated by length-specific body weight. Growth rate indices were estimated for three different periods by using fish length age data and daily otolith increment widths: 1) from hatching date to capture, 2) 1-5 d before capture, and 3) 6-10 d before capture. Fish diet was determired from gut content analysis. Considerable variation among areas was evident in zooplankton composition, and. fish condition, growth, and diet. However, relatively high prey densities:;, as well as fish condition and growth rates indicated that Chiniak Bay was particularly well suited as a pollock nursery. Hatching-date distributions indicated that most of the age-) walleye pollock from bays were spawned earlier than were those from the shelf. The benefit of being reared in nearshore areas is therefore realized more by individuals that were spawned early than by individuals spawned relatively late. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 207 EP 218 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 894NO UT WOS:000226798800018 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA AF Munroe, Thomas A. BE Gibson, RN TI Systematic diversity of the Pleuronectiformes SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCOPHTHALMID FISHES PLEURONECTIFORMES; SYMPHURINE TONGUEFISHES SYMPHURUS; SPECIES ALIAS PROBLEM; NEW-CALEDONIA; TAXONOMIC STATUS; CYNOGLOSSIDAE; FLATFISHES; GENUS; TELEOSTEI; PACIFIC C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM munroe.thomas@nmnh.si.edu NR 105 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 10 EP 41 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch2 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 32 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000004 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA AF Munroe, Thomas A. BE Gibson, RN TI Distributions and biogeography SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; GOMEZ SUBMARINE RIDGE; EASTERN PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; POPULATION-GENETICS; TONGUEFISH PLEURONECTIFORMES; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; NEW-CALEDONIA; CYNOGLOSSIDAE; FLATFISHES C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM munroe.thomas@nmnh.si.edu NR 83 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 42 EP 67 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch3 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000005 ER PT J AU Bailey, KM Nakata, H Van der Veer, HW AF Bailey, Kevin M. Nakata, Hideaki Van der Veer, Henk W. BE Gibson, RN TI The planktonic stages of flatfishes: physical and biological interactions in transport processes SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; LIMANDA-LIMANDA L; SOLE MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; TIDAL-STREAM TRANSPORT; LIFE-HISTORY PATTERNS; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L.; DOLLARD EMS ESTUARY; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; DOVER SOLE; GENE FLOW C1 [Bailey, Kevin M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nakata, Hideaki] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Fisheries, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Van der Veer, Henk W.] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. RP Bailey, KM (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kevin.bailey@noaa.gov; nakata@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp; veer@nioz.nl NR 97 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 94 EP 119 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch5 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000007 ER PT J AU Able, KW Neuman, MJ Wennhage, H AF Able, Kenneth W. Neuman, Melissa J. Wennhage, Hakan BE Gibson, RN TI Ecology of juvenile and adult stages of flatfishes: distribution and dynamics of habitat associations SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; OF-THE-YEAR; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS L; SWEDISH WEST-COAST; SOLE SOLEA-SOLEA; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY C1 [Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Neuman, Melissa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SWR Protected Resources Div, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Wennhage, Hakan] Gothenburg Univ, Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, Dept Marine Ecol, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden. RP Able, KW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, 800 C-O 132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM able@imcs.rutgers.edu; Melissa.Neuman@noaa.gov; hakan.wennhage@kmf.gu NR 149 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 164 EP 184 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch8 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000010 ER PT J AU Link, JS Fogarty, MJ Langton, RW AF Link, Jason S. Fogarty, Michael J. Langton, Richard W. BE Gibson, RN TI The trophic ecology of flatfishes SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; LIMANDA-FERRUGINEA STORER; SCOTTISH SANDY BEACH; WESTERN WADDEN SEA; GEORGES BANK; YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER; WINTER FLOUNDER; FEEDING-HABITS C1 [Link, Jason S.; Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Food Web Dynam Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Langton, Richard W.] Buccoo Reef Trust, Scarborough, Tobago, W Ind Assoc St. RP Link, JS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Food Web Dynam Program, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlink@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu; michael.fogarty@noaa.gov; RLangton@buccooreef.org NR 149 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 185 EP 212 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch9 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 28 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000011 ER PT J AU Wilderbuer, T Leaman, B Zhang, CI Fargo, J Paul, L AF Wilderbuer, Thomas Leaman, Bruce Zhang, Chang Ik Fargo, Jeff Paul, Larry BE Gibson, RN TI Pacific flatfish fisheries SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wilderbuer, Thomas] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Paul, Larry] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Zhang, Chang Ik] Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Leaman, Bruce] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Fargo, Jeff] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. RP Wilderbuer, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tom.wilderbuer@noaa.gov; bruce@iphc.washington.edu; cizhang@dolphin.pknu.ac.kr; fargoj@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 272 EP 291 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch12 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000014 ER PT J AU Munroe, TA AF Munroe, Thomas A. BE Gibson, RN TI Tropical flatfish fisheries SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPTURE FISHERIES; MARINE RESERVES; GULF; FISH; PLEURONECTIFORMES; CYNOGLOSSIDAE; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA; TONGUEFISHES; COMMUNITIES C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM munroe.thomas@nmnh.si.edu NR 93 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 292 EP 318 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch13 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000015 ER PT J AU Rice, J Cadrin, SX Clark, WG AF Rice, Jake Cadrin, Steven X. Clark, William G. BE Gibson, RN TI Assessment and management of flatfish stocks SO FLATFISHES: BIOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; NORTH-SEA; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; PLAICE; SOLE; FISHERIES; ABUNDANCE; HIPPOGLOSSUS C1 [Rice, Jake] Canadian Sci Advisory Secretariat, Dept Fish & Oceans, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [Cadrin, Steven X.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Clark, William G.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. RP Rice, J (reprint author), Canadian Sci Advisory Secretariat, Dept Fish & Oceans, 200 Kent St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. EM ricej@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Steven.Cadrin@noaa.gov; Bill@iphc.washington.edu NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-99525-9 PY 2005 BP 319 EP 346 DI 10.1002/9780470995259.ch14 D2 10.1002/9780470995259 PG 28 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BYB49 UT WOS:000297818000016 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Huber, ML Perkins, RA TI Thermal conductivity correlations for minor constituent fluids in natural gas: n-octane, n-nonane and n-decane SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE alkanes; decane; natural gas; constituents; nonane; octane; thermal conductivity ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; 70 MPA; 600 K; LIQUID-MIXTURES; CRITICAL REGION; PRESSURES; HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSIVITY; ALKANES; HEXANE AB Natural gas, although predominantly comprised of methane, often contains small amounts of heavier hydrocarbons that contribute to its thermodynamic and transport properties. In this manuscript, we review the current literature and present new correlations for the thermal conductivity of the pure fluids n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane that are valid over a wide range of fluid states, from the dilute-gas to the dense liquid, and include an enhancement in the critical region. The new correlations represent the thermal conductivity to within the uncertainty of the best experimental data and will be useful for researchers working on thermal conductivity models for natural gas and other hydrocarbon mixtures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 227 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2004.10.031 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 895OU UT WOS:000226873600007 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD Ives, LK Jahanmir, S AF Quinn, GD Ives, LK Jahanmir, S BE Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R TI Machining cracks in finished ceramics SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF ADVANCED CERAMICS II SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fractography of Advanced Ceramics CY OCT 03-06, 2004 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA DE fractography; machining cracks; surface flaws; grinding cracks; silicon nitride ID SILICON-NITRIDE; FRACTURE; STRENGTH; GEOMETRY; DAMAGE AB Grinding may create flaws that control strength and limit the performance of finished ceramics. Machining cracks sometimes have been difficult or impossible to find especially in toughened ceramics with interlocking grain microstructures that create rough fracture surfaces. Our fractographic examinations show that machining damage leaves telltale markings on fracture surfaces that may be easily detected using common fractographic techniques. A comprehensive study with over 400 ground rods and rectangular bars was conducted on several commercial silicon nitrides to study the effects of various machining conditions. Similarities and differences in behavior were observed. A paradoxical finding was that tougher silicon nitrides developed deeper grinding cracks. Machining crack size and shape strongly depended on the grinding wheel grit size. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Stop 852, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov; lewis.ives@nist.gov; sjahanmir@mitiheart.com NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-973-3 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 290 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCN87 UT WOS:000230339300001 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD Sharpe, WN Beheim, GM Nemeth, NN Jadaan, O AF Quinn, GD Sharpe, WN Beheim, GM Nemeth, NN Jadaan, O BE Dusza, J Danzer, R Morrell, R TI Fracture origins in miniature silicon carbide structures SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF ADVANCED CERAMICS II SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Fractography of Advanced Ceramics CY OCT 03-06, 2004 CL Stara Lesna, SLOVAKIA DE fractography; tension strength; CVD; silicon carbide; flaws ID STRENGTH; DEPOSITION AB Direct tension strength tests were conducted on chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide microspecimens. Three types of specimens were used: straight gage section, tapered gage section, and notched gage section. The average strengths and standards deviations were: 0.42 GPa +/- 0.13 GPa; 0.41 GPa +/- 0.16 GPa; and 0.68 GPa +/- 0.19 GPa, respectively. The fracture origins were identified by fractographic analysis and were cracks in large grains next to surface grooves from the deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) process used to fabricate the specimens. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Glenn Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov; w.sharpe@jhu.edu; g.beheim@grc.nasa.gov; n.n.nemeth@grc.nasa.gov; o.jadaan@uwplatt.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-973-3 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 290 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCN87 UT WOS:000230339300008 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M AF Dizdaroglu, M TI Cellular repair of oxidative DNA damage in human genetic disease SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research CY JUL 08-11, 2005 CL West Midlands, ENGLAND SP Affymetrix, Biochem Soc, IUBMB, NutriGenom Org, Phys Soc Great Britian C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2005 VL 39 SU 1 BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 962PG UT WOS:000231744100023 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M TI Measurement of in vivo oxidative DNA damage by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research CY JUL 08-11, 2005 CL West Midlands, ENGLAND SP Affymetrix, Biochem Soc, IUBMB, NutriGenom Org, Phys Soc Great Britian C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM jaruga@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2005 VL 39 SU 1 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 962PG UT WOS:000231744100055 ER PT J AU Cordell, HK Green, GT Leeworthy, VR Stephens, R Fly, MJ Betz, CJ AF Cordell, H. K. Green, G. T. Leeworthy, V. R. Stephens, R. Fly, M. J. Betz, C. J. BE Cushman, G Veal, AJ Zuzanek, J TI United States of America: Outdoor Recreation SO FREE TIME AND LEISURE PARTICIPATION: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cordell, H. K.; Betz, C. J.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. [Green, G. T.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Leeworthy, V. R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Stephens, R.; Fly, M. J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Cordell, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85199-620-2 PY 2005 BP 245 EP 264 DI 10.1079/9780851996202.0245 D2 10.1079/9780851996202.0000 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BDE16 UT WOS:000312933700017 ER PT S AU Helmerson, K AF Helmerson, K BE DiBartolo, B Forte, O TI Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms to ultralow temperatures SO FRONTIERS OF OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY: INVESTIGATING EXTREME PHYSICAL CONDITIONS WITH ADVANCED OPTICAL TECHNIQUES SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Frontiers of Optical Spectroscopy CY MAY 16-JUN 01, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY ID RESONANCE-RADIATION PRESSURE; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; STANDING LIGHT-WAVE; DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL MOLASSES; PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; COLD CESIUM ATOMS; SODIUM ATOMS; DOPPLER LIMIT; BRAGG SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Helmerson, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 164 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-2749-4 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 168 BP 427 EP 495 PG 69 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCJ04 UT WOS:000229611600012 ER PT J AU Gaulin, BD Gardner, JS AF Gaulin, Bruce D. Gardner, Jason S. BE Diep, HT TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNETS SO FRUSTRATED SPIN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPIN-GLASS PYROCHLORE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; LIQUID-STATE; TRANSITION; TB2TI2O7; Y2MO2O7; OXIDE; DISORDER; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Much recent experimental progress has been made in the study of magnetic materials made up of antiferromagnetically-coupled magnetic moments residing on networks of corner-sharing tetrahedra. Such networks of magnetic moments display phenomena known broadly as geometric frustration. They are found in nature in a variety of cubic pyrochlore, spinel and Laves phase materials, with the magnetic moments arising from either rare earth or transition metal electrons. Typically, the rare earth moments are relatively large and are only weakly coupled by exchange, such that the competition between antiferromagnetic exchange and dipolar interactions is important. Antiferromagnetic exchange interactions are stronger in transition metal-based materials, and the manifestation of geometrical frustration is different. This review focusses on experimental progress in this area from the last ten years primarily due to neutron scattering studies. C1 [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gardner, Jason S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gardner, Jason S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaulin, BD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM gaulin@mcmaster.ca NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-256-781-9 PY 2005 BP 457 EP 489 DI 10.1142/9789812567819_0008 D2 10.1142/9789812567819 PG 33 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWC85 UT WOS:000293509700009 ER PT S AU White, CC Drzal, PL VanLandingham, MR AF White, CC Drzal, PL VanLandingham, MR BE Wahl, KJ Huber, N Mann, AB Bahr, DF Cheng, YT TI Viscoelastic characterization of polymers using dynamic instrumented indentation SO Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS; CONTACT; LOAD AB Dynamic nanoindentation was performed on a poly(methyl methacrylate PMMA), and two different poly(dimethyl siloxane, PDMS) samples having different crosslink densities. Comparison was made between dynamic nanoindentation and theological instrumentation measurements in the glassy and rubbery plateau regions of polymeric materials. Excellent agreement between bulk theological data and dynamic nanoindentation data was observed for the two glassy materials and the less compliant of the two PDMS samples. Results were divergent for the more compliant PDMS sample. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-789-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 841 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BCI82 UT WOS:000229609400027 ER PT S AU Scierka, S Drzal, PL Forster, AL Svetlik, S AF Scierka, S Drzal, PL Forster, AL Svetlik, S BE Wahl, KJ Huber, N Mann, AB Bahr, DF Cheng, YT TI Nanomechanical properties of LTV degraded TiO2/epoxy nanocomposites SO Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology III held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID POLYMERS; NANOINDENTATION; DEGRADATION; COATINGS; SURFACES; NANO AB Model epoxy nanocomposite thin films containing one of three types of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were degraded using an integrating sphere-based ultraviolet weathering chamber. Instrumental Indentation Testing (IIT) was used to measure nanomechanical changes in the surface region of thin films resulting from IN exposure. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to support the mechanical results with chemical and thermal data. The unfilled epoxy was the most photosensitivity sample tested, exhibiting the highest rates of chemical oxidation, the largest decrease in the glass transition (T-g), and the greatest increase in elastic modulus with increased exposure. Similar trends were observed in the nanocomposite films, but the rates of change were much lower than the unfilled epoxy and decreased with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scierka, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-789-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 841 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BCI82 UT WOS:000229609400031 ER PT S AU Park, SE Kopanski, JJ Kang, YS Robins, LH Shin, HK AF Park, SE Kopanski, JJ Kang, YS Robins, LH Shin, HK BE Wetzel, C Gil, B Kuzuhara, M Manfra, M TI Determination of surface barrier height and surface state density in GaN films grown on sapphire substrates SO GaN, AIN, InN and Their Alloys SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN, AIN, InN and Their Alloys held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; SCANNING KELVIN PROBE; PHOTOREFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; FERMI-LEVEL; N-TYPE; GAAS; PHOTOCURRENT; MICROSCOPY AB Photoreflectance (PR) modulation spectroscopy was performed to investigate surface properties of GaN films grown on sapphire substrates. From the period of the Franz-Keldysh oscillations, the surface electric field across the GaN space charge region was found to be (197 +/- 11) kV/cm, which corresponds to a surface state density of 1.0 x 10(12) cm(-2). A surface barrier height of 0.71 eV was determined by fitting the dependence of the PR intensities on pump beam power density. We suggest that a deep level is formed at 2.68 eV above the GaN valence band edge due to the large density of surface states. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Park, SE (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-779-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 831 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCT72 UT WOS:000231147200014 ER PT B AU Lindsay, JA Simon, TJ Lestenkof, AD Zavadil, PA AF Lindsay, JA Simon, TJ Lestenkof, AD Zavadil, PA BE Bartlett, D Smith, J TI The use of GIS to enhance communications of cultural and natural resources and contamination SO GIS FOR COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CoastGIS 2001 Conference CY JUN 18-20, 2001 CL St Mary Univ, Halifax, CANADA HO St Mary Univ C1 NOAA, Pribilof Project Off, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lindsay, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Pribilof Project Off, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 0-415-31972-2 PY 2005 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBG05 UT WOS:000225317500013 ER PT S AU Faller, JE Vitouchkine, AL AF Faller, JE Vitouchkine, AL BE Jekeli, C Bastos, L Fernandes, J TI A new small cam-driven absolute gravimeter SO Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEODESY SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Space Missions (GGSM 2004) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Oporto, PORTUGAL SP Int Assoc Geodesy, IUGG, NASA, ESA, GRICES, FCT, Univ Porto DE absolute gravity; gravimeter; relative gravimeter; gravity instrumentation AB We have developed a small, portable absolute gravimeter that employs a, cam-based dropping mechanism. The resulting high data rate (100 drops in 30 s) serves to compensate for the short (3.0 cm) measurement distance. We think of this instrument as being both a "portable FG5" and an "absolute LaCoste & Romberg" (or Scintrex). Its realizable measurement accuracy appears to be 3 mu Gal. This compact (easily portable) and absolute instrument will be useful as a field gravimeter. It will also be useful in standards and calibration applications since it produces a g determination of high accuracy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Faller, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 3-540-26930-4 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2005 VL 129 BP 276 EP 279 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BCY97 UT WOS:000231964700048 ER PT J AU Mikulski, CM Morton, SL Doucette, GJ AF Mikulski, CM Morton, SL Doucette, GJ TI Development and application of LSU rRNA probes for Karenia brevis in the Gulf of Mexico, USA SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE FISH; Karenia brevis; Karenia mikimotoi; LSU rDNA; oligonucleotide probes ID TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; WHOLE-CELL HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; DINOPHYCEAE; BACTERIA; PROTISTS; SEQUENCE; MICROBIOLOGY AB The brevetoxin producing dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, is the target of several monitoring and research programs in the Gulf of Mexico, where it forms extensive and frequently long-lived annual blooms that can cause human intoxication and fish kills, as well as severe economic losses to coastal communities. Rapid, reliable methods for the detection and enumeration of K. brevis cells, as well as their discrimination from morphologically similar species, are valuable tools for managers and scientists alike. Our aim was to produce a species-specific molecular probe that would serve as a toot to facilitate the efficient and reliable detection of K. brevis in the Gulf of Mexico. We sequenced a fragment of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) from five K. brevis cultures isolated from the Texas Gulf coast, the Florida Gulf coast, and the Atlantic coast of Florida, and detected no differences among these isolates. A consensus sequence was thus compiled and compared to a previously published sequence from Karenia mikimotoi, the closest known phylogenetic relative to K. brevis, for the purpose of identifying unique K. brevis signature sequences. Fluorescently-labeled (FITC) oligonucleotide probes targeting these regions of the K. brevis LSU rRNA were designed to include at least two base pair differences, as compared to K. mikitmotoi. Among seven probes designed, one uniquely identified all K. brevis isolates to the exclusion of all other species tested (Kbprobe-7), including a Gulf of Mexico K. mikimotoi isolate (Sarasota, FL) and several additional Gymnodinium species, as well as other dinoflagellate, diatom, and raphidophyte taxa. Importantly, K. brevis cells in samples taken during a 2001 bloom, fixed with a mixture of modified saline ethanol and 10% formalin, and stored at 4 degreesC for 7 months were successfully labeled with Kbprobe-7. In addition, preliminary analysis of labeled cells by flow cytometry revealed that K. brevis could be distinguished from K. mikimotoi in solution, suggesting other potential applications of this probe. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Mikulski, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM tina.mikulski@noaa.gov; steve.morton@noaa.gov; greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2003.11.001 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 889LZ UT WOS:000226445800004 ER PT B AU Luukanen, A Grossman, EN Moyer, HP Schulman, JN AF Luukanen, A Grossman, EN Moyer, HP Schulman, JN BE Leoni, RE TI Noise and THz rectification characteristics of zero-bias quantum tunneling Sb-heterostructure diodes SO High Performance Devices, Proceedings SE SELECTED TOPICS IN ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Lester Eastman Conference on High Performance Devices CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY HO Rensselaer Polytech Inst ID INFRARED DETECTION; BACKWARD DIODES; MICROBOLOMETERS AB The Sb-heterostructure quantum tunneling diode, fabricated from epitaxial layers of InAs and AlGaSb, is a recently proposed device for direct detection and mixing in the submillimeter wavelength range. These diodes exhibit especially high curvature in the current-voltage characteristic that produces the rectification or mixing without bias. Operation without bias is a highly desirable feature as the device does not suffer from large 1/f noise, a major shortcoming in other devices such as Schottky barrier diodes or resistive room temperature bolometers. In this paper we present the noise characteristics of the diode as a function of the bias voltage. At room temperature and zero bias, the device demonstrates a Johnson noise limited intrinsic noise equivalent power of 1 pW/Hz(1/2). In addition to the noise measurements, we present the detection characteristics of the diode at a frequency of 2.5 THz. The measured THz laser response deviates from conventional theoretical prediction based on pure rectification. The reasons for the discrepancy will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Luukanen, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-196-X J9 SEL TOP ELECTR SYST PY 2005 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1142/9789812702036_0007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BDL61 UT WOS:000234135700007 ER PT S AU Podobedova, LI Kelleher, DE Reader, J Wiese, WL AF Podobedova, L. I. Kelleher, D. E. Reader, J. Wiese, W. L. BE Engvold, O TI Atomic spectral tables for the Chandra X-ray observatory SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; IONS; CARBON AB Tables of wavelengths, line classifications, and transition probabilities have been critically compiled for ionized spectra of neon (Ne V-VIII), magnesium (Mg V-X), silicon (Si VI-XII), and sulfur (S VIII-XIV) in the 20 angstrom-170 A region. The tables provide basic atomic data for about 3300 transitions in support of astronomical studies from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedova, LI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 657 EP 661 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700183 ER PT S AU Linsky, JL AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. BE Engvold, O TI Introducing joint discussion 20: Frontiers of high resolution spectroscopy SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 13 SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th General Assembly of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 13-26, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astronom Union AB This paper introduces the rationale and program of Joint Discussion 20, Frontiers of High Resolution Spectroscopy, which took place on 2003 July 23-24 during the IAU General Assembly in Sydney Australia. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-189-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 VL 13 BP 781 EP 783 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BFB49 UT WOS:000240768700217 ER PT J AU Shen, SSP Shu, TT Huang, NE Wu, ZH North, GR Karl, TR Easterling, DR AF Shen, Samuel S. P. Shu, Tingting Huang, Norden E. Wu, Zhaohua North, Gerald R. Karl, Thomas R. Easterling, David R. BE Huang, NE Shen, SSP TI HHT ANALYSIS OF THE NONLINEAR AND NON-STATIONARY ANNUAL CYCLE OF DAILY SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE DATA SO HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; HILBERT SPECTRUM; SIGNAL AB The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is used to analyze the nonlinear and non-stationary annual cycle (NAC) in climate data. The NAC is defined as an intrinsic mode function generated in the EMD process and has a mean period equal to a year. Both Hilbert and Fourier spectra of the NAC are examined to validate the power density at the frequency of one cycle per year. The NAC differs from the strictly periodic thirty-year-mean annual cycle (TAC), which is now commonly used in climate anomaly analysis. It is shown that the NAC has a stronger signal of the annual cycle than that of the TAC. Thus, the anomalies derived from the NAC have less spectral power at the frequency of one cycle per year than those from the TAC. The marginal Hilbert spectra of the maximum daily surface air temperature of ten North America stations demonstrate the expected characteristics of an annual cycle: the NAC's strength is proportional to the latitude of the station location and inversely proportional to the heat capacity of the Earth's surface materials around a station. The NAC of the Nino3.4 sea surface temperature analysis indicates that El Nino events correspond to a weaker annual cycle, as suggested by wavelet analysis. C1 [Shen, Samuel S. P.; Shu, Tingting] Univ Alberta, Dept Math & Stat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada. [Huang, Norden E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Inst Data Anal, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [North, Gerald R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Karl, Thomas R.; Easterling, David R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Shen, SSP (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Math & Stat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada. EM shen@ualberta.ca; ttshu@ualberta.ca; norden.e.huang@nasa.gov; zhwu@cola.iges.org; north@csrp.tamu.edu; tkarl@ncdc.noaa.gov; deasterl@ncdc.noaa.gov; norden.e.huang@nasa.gov; shen@ualberta.ca NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-334-7 J9 INTERD MATH SCI PY 2005 VL 5 BP 187 EP 209 D2 10.1142/9789812703347 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Mathematics GA BZA93 UT WOS:000300954800010 ER PT J AU Hill, JE AF Hill, JE TI Synergy of HVAC and fire research SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/10789669.2005.10391122 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 888AB UT WOS:000226345500001 ER PT J AU Moffat, TP Wheeler, D Edelstein, MD Josell, D AF Moffat, TP Wheeler, D Edelstein, MD Josell, D TI Superconformal film growth: Mechanism and quantification SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; COPPER-SULFATE BATH; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; DISK ELECTRODE; DEPOSITION; GOLD; ADDITIVES; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; SILVER AB Superconformal electrodeposition of copper is explained by the recently developed curvature-enhanced-accelerator coverage (CEAC) model, which is based on the assumptions that 1) the local growth velocity is proportional to the surface coverage of the accelerator, or catalyst, and 2) the catalyst remains segregated at the metal/electrolyte interface during copper deposition. For growth on nonplanar geometries, this leads to enrichment a the catalyst on advancing concave surfaces and dilution on advancing convex sections, thereby giving rise to bottom-up superfilling of submicrometer trenches and vias. In this paper the robustness of the CEAC model is demonstrated by characterizing the kinetics of catalyst accumulation and consumption in a series of electroanalytical experiments on planar electrodes. The model is then used to successfully predict interface shape evolution during feature filling in a variety of experiments, without using adjustable parameters. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Bldg 224,Room B166, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov; daniel.wheeler@nist.gov; monica.edelstein@nist.gov; daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 NR 46 TC 221 Z9 222 U1 4 U2 54 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 49 IS 1 BP 19 EP 36 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 893SQ UT WOS:000226739900002 ER PT S AU Luzin, V Banovic, S Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, HJ Ricker, RE AF Luzin, V Banovic, S Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, HJ Ricker, RE BE Houtte, PV Kestens, L TI Measurement and calculation of elastic properties in low carbon steel sheet SO ICOTOM 14: TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUL 11-15, 2005 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Arcelor, Belgium, Arcelor, France, FWO, Hydro Aluminium, HKL Technol, EDAX bv, JEOL, Panalyt, Bruker DE balanced biaxial straining; elastic properties; neutron diffraction; EBSD; FEM AB Low carbon steel (usually in sheet form) has found a wide range of applications in industry due to its high formability. The inner and outer panels of a car body are good examples of such an implementation. While low carbon steel has been used in this application for many decades, a reliable predictive capability of the forming process and "springback" has still not been achieved. NIST has been involved in addressing this and other formability problems for several years. In this paper, texture produced by the in-plane straining and its relationship to springback is reported. Low carbon steel sheet was examined in the as-received condition and after balanced biaxial straining to 25%. This was performed using the Marciniak in-plane stretching test. Both experimental measurements and numerical calculations have been utilized to evaluate anisotropy and evolution of the elastic properties during forming. We employ several techniques for elastic property measurements (dynamic mechanical analysis, static four point bending, mechanical resonance frequency measurements), and several calculation schemes (orientation distribution function averaging, finite element analysis) which are based on texture measurements (neutron diffraction, electron back scattering diffraction). The following objectives are pursued: a) To test a range of different experimental techniques for elastic property measurements in sheet metals; b) To validate numerical calculation methods of the elastic properties by experiments; c) To evaluate elastic property changes (and texture development) during biaxial straining. On the basis of the investigation, recommendations are made for the evaluation of elastic properties in textured sheet metal. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Luzin, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM luzin@nist.gov; banovic@nist.gov; tg-h@nist.gov; henry.prask@nist.gov; rricker@nist.gov RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011; OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908; Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 495-497 BP 1591 EP 1596 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCU61 UT WOS:000231284400244 ER PT B AU Lowhorn, ND Tritt, TM Abbott, EE Kolis, JW AF Lowhorn, ND Tritt, TM Abbott, EE Kolis, JW GP IEEE TI Effect of rare earth doping on the thermoelectric and electrical transport properties of the transition metal pentatelluride HfTe5 SO ICT: 2005 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT) CY JUN 19-23, 2005 CL Clemson, SC ID ZRTE5 AB The transition metal pentatellurides HfTe5 and ZrTe5 have been observed to possess high thermoelectric power factors and anomalous electrical transport behavior. The temperature dependence of the resistivity is sernimetallic except for a large resistive peak as a function of temperature at around 75 K for HfTe5 and 145 K for ZrTe5. At a temperature corresponding to this peak, the thermopower crosses zero as it moves from large positive values to large negative values. Previous doping studies have shown profound and varied effects on the anomalous transport. In this study(1) we investigate the effect on the electrical resistivity, thermopower, and magnetoresistance of doping HfTe5 with rare-earth elements. Doping with rare-earth elements of increasing atomic number leads to a systematic suppression of the anomalous transport behavior and large magnetoresistive effect observed in the parent compound. Rare-earth doping also leads to an enhancement of the thermoelectric power factor over previously studied pentatellurides. For nominal Hf0.75Nd0.25Te5 and Hf0.75Sm0.25Te5, values more than a factor of 2 larger than that of the commonly used thermoelectric material Bi2Te3 were observed. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lowhorn, ND (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9551-4 PY 2005 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1109/ICT.2005.1519882 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BDP09 UT WOS:000234650600010 ER PT J AU Souryal, MR Vojcic, BR Pickholtz, RL AF Souryal, MR Vojcic, BR Pickholtz, RL TI Information efficiency of multihop packet radio networks with channel-adaptive routing SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ad hoc; adaptive routing; cross-layer; information efficiency; multihop; packet radio ID OPTIMUM TRANSMISSION RANGES; PERFORMANCE AB This paper analyzes the benefit of adaptive routing based on knowledge of the channel state information in multihop, ad hoe wireless networks that use direct-sequence code-division multiple access. Cross-layer, channel-adaptive routing exploits the inherent spatial diversity of multihop wireless networks to select links with favorable channel conditions. The information efficiency, an extension of a previously used measure called expected progress, is used to evaluate performance. Results show that, combined with adaptive modulation, adaptive routing can improve performance in ad hoc networks by a factor of four to five in channels with Rayleigh fading and lognormal shadowing. The lack of position information in the routing decision would reduce performance by 25 %. New approaches to channel-adaptive routing that enable rapid adaptivity to channel conditions are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; vojcic@gwu.edu; pickholt@gwu.edu NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2004.837366 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 884CV UT WOS:000226063100005 ER PT B AU Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Gerginov, V Shah, V Liew, L Moreland, J Robinson, HG Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Gerginov, V Shah, V Liew, L Moreland, J Robinson, HG Hollberg, L Kitching, J GP IEEE TI Microfabricated atomic clocks and magnetometers SO IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMs 2005: International Conference on Optical MEMs and Their Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMs and Their Applications CY AUG 01-04, 2005 CL Oulu, FINLAND SP IEEE, LEOS AB We demonstrate the critical subsystems of compact atomic clocks and magnetometers based on microfabricated physics packages. The clock components have a volume below 5 cm(3), a fractional frequency instability below 6x10(-10)/tau(1/2), and consume 200 mW of power. The magnetometer has a sensitivity below 40 pT/Hz(1/2) at 50 Hz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9278-7 PY 2005 BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1109/OMEMS.2005.1540145 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BDB41 UT WOS:000232362400093 ER PT J AU Randa, J Walker, DK Cox, AE Billinger, RL AF Randa, J Walker, DK Cox, AE Billinger, RL TI Errors resulting from the reflectivity of calibration targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; calibration target; microwave radiometry; radiometer; remote sensing; uncertainty analysis ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETER AB For a microwave total-power radiometer, we consider the error introduced by neglecting the difference in the antenna reflection coefficient between when it views a distant scene and when it views a nearby calibration target. An approximate expression is presented for the error, and measurements are described that enable one to estimate the resulting uncertainty in the measured brightness temperature. The measurement results are presented for several combinations of antenna and calibration target. The resulting uncertainty ranges from about 0.1 K to several kelvins for the representative cases considered. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM randa@boulder.nist.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.839809 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 887HC UT WOS:000226295500006 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Ndagijimana, F Remley, KA Dunsmore, JA Hubert, S AF Williams, DF Ndagijimana, F Remley, KA Dunsmore, JA Hubert, S TI Scattering-parameter models and representations for microwave mixers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE frequency conversion; frequency translation; image frequency; microwave; mixer; model; scattering parameters AB We present straightforward models and representations for RF and image mixers, and develop simple rules for transforming electrical problems involving mixers and signals at several frequencies into equivalent single-frequency problems. We show how those models, representations, and rules can be applied to mixer characterization with vector network, analyzers, and how they relate to more general descriptions based on scattering parameters currently in use. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Univ Technol, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Agilent Technol, Component Test Div, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.839917 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887ZI UT WOS:000226343600035 ER PT B AU Cao, CY Weng, FZ Goldberg, M Wu, XQ Xu, H Ciren, P AF Cao, CY Weng, FZ Goldberg, M Wu, XQ Xu, H Ciren, P GP IEEE TI Intersatellite calibration of Polar-orbiting radiometers using the SNO/SCO method SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE intersatellite calibration; radiometer; SNO; SCO; POES; NPOESS ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; CHANNELS; MODIS AB There is an increasing demand for intercalibrating the polar-orbiting radiometers on different satellites to achieve the consistency and traceability required for long-term climate studies with the 25+ years of NOAA satellite data. Also, the calibration of current operational radiometers needs to be linked to those of the next generation NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) satellites. The Simultaneous Nadir Overpasses (SNOB) /Simultaneous Conical Overpass (SCO) method developed at NOAA/NESDIS has been applied to the intersatellite calibration of radiometers in the infrared, visible/near-infrared, and microwave with excellent results. In this paper, the SNO/SCO methodology is introduced. Preliminary intersatellite calibration results for AVHRR, MODIS, SSM/I, AIRS, HIRS, and AMSU on operational and historical satellites are presented. The plans for establishing the calibration links between POES (Polar Operational Environmental Satellites) and NPOESS radiometers using the SNO/SCO method are discussed. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RI Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600029 ER PT B AU Jearld, A Hayden, L AF Jearld, A Hayden, L GP IEEE TI Inter-agency collaborations: Federal agencies work with colleges and universities to offer interdisciplinary training in remote sensing, ocean and marine science SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun AB A supportive, thriving intellectual climate is a prerequisite to innovation and progress in engineering and in limnological, marine, oceanic and atmospheric fields. These challenging fields require problem solving that crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries. Research shows that highly specialized undergraduate and graduate training programs often lack the broad fundamental skills necessary for multidisciplinary investigation. This is especially true for specialists in the science and management of fisheries ecosystems. This paper documents the results of the interagency collaboration to attract and retain students in engineering and limnological, ocean, marine and atmospheric-related science through postdoctoral levels, and to retrain individuals with experience in other disciplines for careers in these fields C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jearld, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600068 ER PT B AU Raizer, V AF Raizer, V GP IEEE TI Texture models for high-resolution ocean microwave imagery SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID SURFACE AB Computer simulations of ocean passive microwave images and texture features are developed in the context with high-resolution radiometric observations. The technique is based on statistical and deterministic characterizations of spatial-variable fields (image scenes) containing ensembles of different radio-hydro-physical factors-surface roughness, foam, whitecap, spray, and bubbles. The corresponding microwave contributions are calculated using available hydrodynamic-electromagnetic models. In particular, we employ the well known resonance model for simulations of low-contrast signatures (similar to 2-3 K) due to ocean surface roughness and macroscopic dielectric models for simulations of high-contrast signatures (similar to 10-20 K) induced by foam/whitecap. Spatial and statistical combinations of these factors including the generation of fractal, geometrical sets allow us to model a novel class of ocean microwave textures and distinct radiometric features. Some of them have been observed and analyzed during remote sensing experiments conducted by NOAH/ETL. Examples of the texture modeling and synthesis are presented and discussed in the paper. C1 NOAA, Zel Technol LLC, Environm Technol Lab, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Raizer, V (reprint author), NOAA, Zel Technol LLC, Environm Technol Lab, 10281 Friendship Court, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 268 EP 271 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600070 ER PT B AU Fernandez, DE Chang, PS Carswell, JR Contreras, RF Frasier, SJ AF Fernandez, DE Chang, PS Carswell, JR Contreras, RF Frasier, SJ GP IEEE TI Airborne measurements of rain and the ocean surface backscatter response at C- and Ku-band SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun AB During the 2002, 2003, and 2004 Hurricane seasons, and the 2005 Ocean Winds and Rain Winter Experiment, the University of Massachusetts (UMass) installed two instruments on the NOAA N42RF WP-3D research aircraft: the Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP) and the Simultaneous Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR). IWRAP is a dual-band (C- and Ku), dual-polarized pencil-beam airborne radar that profiles the volume backscatter and Doppler velocity from rain and that also measures the ocean backscatter response. It simultaneously profiles along four separate incidence angles while conically scanning at 60 RPM. SFMR is a C-band nadir viewing radiometer that measures the emission from the ocean surface and intervening atmosphere simultaneously at six frequencies. It is designed to obtain the surface wind speed and the column average rain rate. Both instruments have previously been flown during hurricane seasons 2002, 2003 and 2004. Spectral techniques can been used to differentiate the contributions of the volume backscatter from rain from the ocean surface backscatter. Initial results from the Winter 2005 datasets are presented. Attenuation from rain is also particularly important at high microwave frequencies such as Ku-band. Thanks to IWRAP's profiling capabilities, Ku-band attenuation models and dropsize distribution (DSD) parameters of the observed precipitation from dual-wavelength techniques within tropical cyclones are presented. C1 NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Fernandez, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015 OI Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 280 EP 283 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237600073 ER PT B AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ AF Liu, QH Weng, FZ GP IEEE TI Study of calibration of Windsat polarimetric sensor SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun AB A new methodology is developed to monitor and calibrate the Windsat 3(rd) and 4(th) Stokes parameters through tropical rainforest measurements over Amazon and the central Africa. It is found that the Windsat 4(th) Stokes parameter at 18 GHz has biases on an order of 0.5 Kelvin, which could severely impact the wind vector retrievals. C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, QSS, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, QSS, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 2239 EP 2242 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237602190 ER PT B AU Wu, X Weinreb, M Chang, IL Crosby, D Dean, C Sun, F Han, D AF Wu, X Weinreb, M Chang, IL Crosby, D Dean, C Sun, F Han, D GP IEEE TI Calibration of GOES imager visible channels SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE vicarious calibration; sensor degradation; GOES; MODIS; EDF; visible channel AB Four options for the post-launch calibration of GOES-Imager visible channel were examined, including those based on the EDF, on desert measurements, on star observations, and on MODIS data. The basic assumptions and methodologies of these options were summarized in this paper, as well as major advantages and disadvantages, from both theoretical and operational perspectives. These discussions provide a basis for further evaluation of these and other methods, with the goal of selecting an operational post-launch calibration algorithm that incorporates the strength of all the methods. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 3432 EP 3435 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237604104 ER PT B AU Gage, KS Williams, CR AF Gage, KS Williams, CR GP IEEE TI Use of radar profilers in multi-sensor ground validation for TRMM and GPM SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun DE precipitation; profiler; TRMM; GPM; ground validation ID RAINFALL; CLOUD AB Realistic simulation of the hydrologic cycle in global climate models remains a difficult challenge since climate models cannot resolve convective systems. Only satellites call provide global precipitation estimates needed to validate global climate models. The algorithms used to relate precipitation estimates to satellite observables require ground-based observations for development and validation purposes. In this paper we outline how profilers can be used in combination with other ground-based instruments to support the retrieval of precipitation estimates from satellites. The profilers provide quantitative information on the vertical structure and temporal variability of reflectivity and precipitation parameters related to drop-size distributions (DSD) that are essential for quantitative precipitation estimation. The profilers are most naturally calibrated by reference to it collocated disdrometer and are in turn useful for providing calibration for scanning radars. The use of profilers for ground validation is illustrated by examples drawn from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground Validation field campaigns and the Global Precipitation (GPM) Front Range Pilot Project conducted in Colorado in 2004. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Gage, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kenneth.s.gage@noaa.gov; christopher.r.williams@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4116 EP 4119 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237605100 ER PT B AU Wang, MH AF Wang, MH GP IEEE TI In-orbit vicarious calibration for ocean color and aerosol products SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SEAWIFS AB It is well known that, to accurately retrieve the spectrum of the water-leaving radiance and derive the ocean color products; from satellite sensors, a vicarious calibration procedure, which performs sensor in-orbit calibration for a whole system (the sensor and algorithms) is necessary. Both Sea-viewing, Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have employed in-orbit vicarious calibration procedure that uses the in situ measurements with the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) in the waters off Hawaii. Such method can also be applied to vicarious inter-calibrate other sensors. In addition to the ocean color products, aerosol optical property data over ocean are routinely retrieved from both SeaWiFS and MODIS measurements. The aerosol retrieval algorithm uses radiances measured at two near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, at which the ocean appears black due to strong absorption by, water, to estimate the aerosol optical properties and extrapolate these into the visible. The spectral information from two-band measurements is used to retrieve the most appropriate aerosol models. With the derived aerosol models, the aerosol optical thickness can then be estimated using the measured signal at 865 nm. In this paper, I outline the procedure for the in-orbit sensor vicarious calibration for the ocean color and aerosol products. Simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of the vicarious calibration method on the derived ocean color and aerosol products are presented and discussed. Results of sensitivity studies that show effects of the calibration error at 865 nm, appropriateness of aerosol models, and the solar-sensor viewing geometry on the accuracy of the retrieved ocean color and aerosol optical properties are presented. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4146 EP 4149 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237605108 ER PT B AU Raizer, V AF Raizer, V GP IEEE TI A combined foam-spray model for ocean microwave radiometry SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun AB Passive microwave emissions from oceanic dispersed media are considered. The spray is modeled by the aggregates of spherical water droplets, and the foam is represented by a macroscopic system of hollow spherical water shells. Dielectric properties of foam and scattering-absorption characteristics of spray are incorporated through the boundary reflection coefficient and the radiative transfer equation. The model provides spectral band-to-band dependencies of the emission in a wide range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 cm for different foam-spray parameters. In particular, spray located over water or foam surfaces may cause positive as well as negative brightness temperature contrasts (the so-called "cooling effect"). At certain conditions, such sign-variable signatures can be registered by a multi-channel microwave radiometer. The modeling is intended for advanced remote sensing studies including monitoring of high wind situations, determination of air-sea fluxes and evaporation, detection of two-phase patterns in the oceans, and also for retrieval purposes. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol LLC, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. RP Raizer, V (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Zel Technol LLC, 10281 Friendship Court, Fairfax, VA 22032 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 4749 EP 4752 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237606060 ER PT B AU Ghedira, H Arevalo, JC Lakhankar, T Khanbilvardi, R AF Ghedira, H Arevalo, JC Lakhankar, T Khanbilvardi, R GP IEEE TI An adaptive neural network system for improving the filtration of non-snow pixels from SSM/I images SO IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005) CY JUL 25-29, 2005 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN Off Res, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Natl Polar orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Int Union Radio Sci, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Korea Natl Tourism Org, Korea Telecommun ID CLASSIFICATION AB Snow-cover parameters are being increasingly used as input to hydrological models. Having an accurate estimation of snow cover characteristics during the snowmelt season is indispensable for an efficient hydrological modeling and snowmelt runoff forecasting. Direct measurements of snow depth at a single station are generally not very useful in making estimates of distribution over large areas, since the measured depth may be highly unrepresentative of the neighboring area because of drifting or blowing. Additionally, the traditional field sampling methods and the ground-based data collection are often very sparse, time consuming, and expensive compared to the coverage provided by remote sensing techniques. At present, most of hydrological models that require snowpack information are using maps obtained by gridding standard point gauge measurements or derived from physically/statistically-based models. In this paper, we used an adaptive neural network system to generate the spatial distribution of snow accumulation from multi-channel SSM/I data in the Northern Midwest of the United States. Five SSM/I channels were used in this experiment (19K 19V, 22V, 37V, and 85V). Three snow days with high snow accumulation and no precipitation have been selected during the 2001/2002 winter season. Snow depth measurements have been collected from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) through the Cooperative Observer Network for the U.S. snow Monitoring. The snow depths have been compiled and gridded into 25 km x 25 km grid to match the final SSM/I resolution. C1 CUNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Ghedira, H (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, Convent Ave 138th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9050-4 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2005 BP 5459 EP 5462 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BEG75 UT WOS:000237237607038 ER PT S AU Arlandis, J Over, P Kraaij, W AF Arlandis, J Over, P Kraaij, W BE Leow, WK Lew, MS Chua, TS Ma, WY Chaisorn, L Bakker, EM TI Boundary error analysis and categorization in the TRECVID news story segmentation task SO IMAGE AND VIDEO RETRIEVAL, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR) CY JUL 20-22, 2005 CL Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP ACM SIGIR, IEE, Singapore Comp Soc HO Natl Univ Singapore AB In this paper, an error analysis based on boundary error popularity (frequency) including semantic boundary categorization is applied in the context of the news story segmentation task from TRECVID1. Clusters of systems were defined based on the input resources they used including video, audio and automatic speech recognition. A cross- popularity specific index was used to measure boundary error popularity across clusters, which allowed goal-driven selection of boundaries to be categorized. A wide set of boundaries was viewed and a summary of the error types is presented. This framework allowed conclusions about the behavior of resource-based clusters in the context of news story segmentation. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Informat Sistemas & Computadors, Valencia 46022, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Retrieval Grp, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. TNO Sci & Ind, Informat Syst Div, Dept Data Interpretat, NL-2600 AD Delft, Netherlands. RP Arlandis, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Informat Sistemas & Computadors, Cami Vera S-N, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM jarlandi@disca.upv.es; over@nist.gov; wessel.kraaij@tno.nl RI Arlandis, Joaquim/I-5018-2015; Kraaij, Wessel/S-2071-2016 OI Arlandis, Joaquim/0000-0003-2472-8883; Kraaij, Wessel/0000-0001-7797-619X NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-27858-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3568 BP 103 EP 112 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCT74 UT WOS:000231148700014 ER PT S AU Yim, PB Zhang, XY DeJong, ES Carroll, JM Marino, JP Goldner, LS AF Yim, PB Zhang, XY DeJong, ES Carroll, JM Marino, JP Goldner, LS BE Nicolau, DV Enderlein, J Leif, RC Farkas, DL Raghavachari, R TI Single RNA kissing complexes studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer SO Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells: Fundamentals and Applications III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells - Fundamentals and Applications III CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE single molecule; FRET; RNA; confocal microscope; Cy3; Cy5 ID COLE1 ROM PROTEIN; STRANDED-DNA; STEM-LOOPS; MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATION; DYNAMICS AB We have used single molecular-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to probe the conformation of a RNA loop-loop "kissing complex" formed by two small RNA hairpins (R1inv and R2inv) derived from Escherichia coli (ColE1) plasmid-encoded transcripts, RNA I and RNA II. This RNA kissing complex is a critical intermediate in a multi-step hybridization pathway which controls plasmid replication.(1) Biotinylated RNA molecules were labeled with donor and acceptor dyes on their 5 ' ends and immobilized on a biotinylated surface using streptavidin. Fluorescence from the donor and acceptor dyes was collected and measured by photon counting detectors in two spectrally separated channels in a customized confocal microscope. Quantitative measurement of intramolecular distances between 5 ' ends of the RNA was obtained using donor-only single molecule FRET. This donor-only single molecule FRET technique is described in detail and validated through determination of the distance between 5 ' ends of 8mer A-form RNA helices of known structure. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldner, LS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Carroll, John/0000-0001-5189-337X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5673-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5699 BP 450 EP 460 DI 10.1117/12.590896 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Cell Biology; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCF51 UT WOS:000229039000053 ER PT B AU Persily, AK Gorfain, J Brunner, G AF Persily, AK Gorfain, J Brunner, G BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Ventilation rates in US office buildings from the EPA base study SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE carbon dioxide; database; measurement; office buildings; ventilation AB The EPA BASE study involved indoor environmental measurements in 100 U.S. office buildings. This paper presents an analysis of the measured outdoor air ventilation rates, including comparisons with the requirements in ASHRAE Standard 62. The outdoor ventilation rates measured using duct traverses at the air handler intakes are higher than might be expected, with a mean value of about 55 L/s per person. However, these elevated values are not so unexpected given the low occupant density (mean of about 4 persons per 100 in 2) and the high outdoor air fractions (mean of about 35 %). Air change rates based on peak carbon dioxide concentrations in the space are lower than the volumetric values with a mean of about 20 L/s per person. Questions exist regarding the reliability of these peak CO(2) values based on the validity of the assumptions on which the determinations are based. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andyp@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 917 EP 921 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831201045 ER PT B AU Howard-Reed, C Nabinger, SJ Emmerich, SJ AF Howard-Reed, C Nabinger, SJ Emmerich, SJ BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Predicting gaseous air cleaner performance in the field SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE field study; gaseous air cleaners; indoor air; model evaluation; VOC transport AB As part of an ongoing effort to better understand the performance of indoor air cleaners in real buildings, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has completed a series of air cleaner field tests and model simulations. This paper focuses on experiments to measure the removal of decane with two different gaseous air cleaners in a test house. Due to the lack of gaseous air cleaner field testing protocols, a field test method was developed using semi-real-time measurements and mass balance analysis. To date, 24 experiments have been completed with single-pass removal efficiencies ranging from 30 % to 44 %. A full factorial analysis revealed that factors such as air cleaner location, status of the heating and air conditioning system, relative humidity and temperature significantly affect air cleaner performance. These results have been used to develop a regression model to predict air cleaner removal rates based on these factors, as well as to evaluate the predictive capability of the indoor air quality model CONTAM. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chreed@nist.gov RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 1335 EP 1339 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831201123 ER PT B AU Emmerich, SJ Howard-Reed, C AF Emmerich, SJ Howard-Reed, C BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI Modeling the IAQ impact of HHI interventions in inner-city housing SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE exposure; modeling; residential building; ventilation; contaminants ID BUILDINGS; PARTICLES AB The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Healthy Homes Initiative is addressing a wide range of indoor air quality (IAQ) concerns to improve urban housing conditions and protect the health of children. To evaluate the impact of potential interventions on indoor contaminant concentrations and occupant exposures, a simulation study was conducted using the multi-zone IAQ model CONTAM. The model was used to predict ventilation rates, contaminant concentrations of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor, particles, radon, and volatile organic compounds and occupant exposures for a baseline case and for eight different interventions, which included source control, filtration, local exhaust ventilation and dilution ventilation. While source control interventions were always the most effective on an individual contaminant basis, not all sources of indoor contaminants can be removed. On the other hand, interventions impacting air change rates, such as ventilation and envelope tightening, can either increase or decrease contaminant concentrations depending on the origin of the contaminants. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.emmerich@nist.gov RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP 3495 EP 3499 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831205119 ER PT B AU Persily, A AF Persily, A BE Yang, X Zhao, B Zhao, R TI What we think we know about ventilation SO INDOOR AIR 2005: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2005) CY SEP 04-09, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Beijing Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, Shanghai Municipal Commiss Sci & Technol, US EPA, Amer Ind Hyg Assoc, Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers, Int Commiss Occupat Hlth, SC Indoor Air Qual & Hlth, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, European Commiss Asia Pro Eco Programme Promot Sustainable Solut Environm Europe & Asia, Korean Soc Indoor Environm, Soc Indoor Environm DE airflow; building codes; indoor air quality; measurement; regulation; standards; ventilation ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; POLLUTION; REQUIREMENTS; BUILDINGS; EMISSIONS; HEALTH; RATES; OLF AB The amount of outdoor air ventilation in buildings is one of the most important determinants of indoor air quality, but many critical questions and misunderstandings exist. First, given the importance of ventilation, how well do we know how much outdoor air is even needed in buildings? While research has been done on ventilation and odor perception and on ventilation and symptom prevalence, is it adequate to support the ventilation requirements in our standards and regulations? While this research and many years of designing and operating buildings have been used to develop ventilation requirements in standards and regulations, these requirements treat all buildings the same. Can we provide understandable and practical ventilation requirements that address the tremendous variability in buildings and occupants? While much time and effort is spent developing and debating ventilation requirements., compliance with these requirements in design and ultimately operation is rarely given the attention that it deserves. Addressing actual ventilation performance in buildings requires measurement, which is more difficult to conduct in the field than often realized and is too often omitted from building management practice as well as indoor air quality research. When ventilation rates are measured, the results often reveal significant gaps between design intent and actual performance, which can have serious implications for both indoor air quality and energy. Given the importance of ventilation, the research that has been done and the many questions that remain, it's reasonable to ask how much we really know about ventilation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM apersily@nist.gov NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-89494-830-4 PY 2005 BP P24 EP P39 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BDJ55 UT WOS:000233831200003 ER PT S AU Choi, DI Jung, JW Kwon, KY Montgomery, D Kahng, HK AF Choi, DI Jung, JW Kwon, KY Montgomery, D Kahng, HK BE Kim, C TI Design and simulation result of a weighted load aware routing (WLAR) protocol in mobile ad hoc network SO INFORMATION NETWORKING: CONVERGENCE IN BROADBAND AND MOBILE NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN 2005) CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 2004 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA AB An ad hoc network has notable features such as frequent mobility, bandwidth limitation, and power constraints. Especially, due to the low bandwidth, there is a strong possibility to cause congestion. If there is congestion, however, power depletion and queuing delay win be serious problems in mobile nodes. In this paper, we propose a Weighted Load Aware Routing (WLAR) routing protocol, which shows excellent performance in an ad hoc network. WLAR Protocol, an extension of AODV, is to distribute the traffics among ad hoe nodes through load balancing mechanism. A new term of total traffic load is defined as a route selection metric, which is the product of average queue size and number of sharing nodes. Using NS2 simulator and real implementation, we show the performance, comparing to AODV. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, DI (reprint author), Rm342 Bio Technol Bldg 1 Anam Dong 5 Ka, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM nbear@korea.ac.kr NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24467-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3391 BP 178 EP 187 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBW16 UT WOS:000228095300019 ER PT J AU Liggett, W Buckley, C AF Liggett, W Buckley, C TI System performance and natural language expression of information needs SO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Article DE multidimensional scaling; performance indicators; query expansion; research method; term weighting AB Consider information retrieval systems that respond to a query ( a natural language statement of a topic, an information need) with an ordered list of 1000 documents from the document collection. From the responses to queries that all express the same topic, one can discern how the words associated with a topic result in particular system behavior. From what is discerned from different topics, one can hypothesize abstract topic factors that influence system performance. An example of such a factor is the specificity of the topic's primary key word. This paper shows that statements about the effect of abstract topic factors on system performance can be supported empirically. A combination of statistical methods is applied to system responses from NIST's Text REtrieval Conference. We analyze each topic using a measure of irrelevant-document exclusion computed for each response and a measure of dissimilarity between relevant-document return orders computed for each pair of responses. We formulate topic factors through graphical comparison of measurements for different topics. Finally, we propose for each topic a four-dimensional summarization that we use to select topic comparisons likely to depict topic factors clearly. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SabIR Res Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Liggett, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.liggett@nist.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4564 J9 INFORM RETRIEVAL JI Inf. Retr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1 BP 101 EP 128 DI 10.1023/B:INRT.0000048493.67375.93 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 872AU UT WOS:000225178900005 ER PT S AU Fraser, BJ Singer, HJ Adrian, ML Gallagher, DL Thomsen, MF AF Fraser, B. J. Singer, H. J. Adrian, M. L. Gallagher, D. L. Thomsen, M. F. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI The Relationship Between Plasma Density Structure and EMIC Waves at Geosynchronous Orbit SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA; SOURCE REGION; RING CURRENT; AMPLIFICATION; GENERATION; RESONANCE; CRRES AB Recent IMAGE satellite EUV helium density observations of plasmaspheric plumes extending beyond the plasmapause into the plasma trough region of the magnetosphere have been associated with sub-auroral proton arcs observed by the IMAGE FUV instrument. Also proton precipitation has been associated with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves seen on the ground as Pcl-2 ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves. This evidence suggests a relationship between plasma plumes, proton precipitation and EMIC waves, and supports the EMIC wave-particle interaction with ring current ions as a possible ring current loss mechanism. Using high-resolution (0.5 s) fluxgate magnetometer data from the GOES-8 and GOES-10 geosynchronous satellites we show two case studies on 9-10 and 26-27 June 2001, where EMIC waves in the 0.1-0.8Hz frequency range are observed within plasma plumes extending to geosynchronous orbit. These plumes are also seen in LANL geosynchronous satellite MPA data. The results suggest that EMIC waves may be preferentially generated in enhanced plasma density created by the plasma plume. The EMIC waves are unstructured and have the properties of the well-known intervals of pulsations with diminishing period (IPDP) seen on the ground and in space in the afternoon sector. They are classical EMIC transverse waves showing left-hand circular and elliptical polarization below the helium cyclotron frequency. The observation of a slot in the wave spectrum suggests the presence of He+ ions with relative concentrations in the range 6-16%, in a predominantly H+ plasma. This is consistent with the IMAGE-EUV He+ observations of plasma plumes. C1 [Fraser, B. J.] Univ Newcastle, CRC Satellite Syst, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Adrian, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Interplanetary Phys Branch, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gallagher, D. L.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Sci Directorate, NSSTC SDSO, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fraser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, CRC Satellite Syst, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM brian.fraser@newcastle.edu.au; howard.singer@noaa.gov; mark.l.adrian@nasa.gov; dennis.l.gallagher@nasa.gov; mthomsen@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1029/159GM04 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400003 ER PT S AU Baker, DN Kanekal, SG Blake, JB Allen, JH AF Baker, D. N. Kanekal, S. G. Blake, J. B. Allen, J. H. BE Burch, J Schulz, M Spence, H TI Radiation Belt Responses to the Solar Events of October-November 2003 SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES FROM IMAGING SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PLASMASPHERE; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL AB The solar disturbances of October November 2003 produced large enhancements of the energetic particles deep within the Earth's magnetosphere. Most notably, there were acceleration and redistribution processes within the radiation belts leading to a complete filling of the "slot" region around L similar to 2.5 (which is usually devoid of highly relativistic electrons). The radiation belts were enhanced in intensity for more than 40 days following the so-called "Halloween storm" event. The solar and magnetospheric particle radiation appeared to be related to a variety of spacecraft anomalies and other space weather effects. The observed solar particles and radiation belt changes in this extended interval are here placed into the context of the historical record of SAMPEX observations and are related to plasmaspheric changes seen by IMAGE. It is concluded that the solar drivers and the magnetospheric responses were amongst the largest that have been recorded in the spacecraft data record. C1 [Baker, D. N.; Kanekal, S. G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Blake, J. B.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Allen, J. H.] NOAA, NGDC, SCOSTEP, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-424-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2005 VL 159 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1029/159GM19 D2 10.1029/GM159 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BSJ68 UT WOS:000284726400018 ER PT S AU Ivezic, N Anicic, N Jones, A Marjanovic, Z AF Ivezic, Nenad Anicic, Nenad Jones, Albert Marjanovic, Zoran BE Cunningham, P Cunningham, M TI Towards Semantic-Based Industrial Interoperability Efforts SO INNOVATION AND THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: ISSUES, APPLICATIONS, CASE STUDIES, PTS 1 & 2 SE Information and Communication Technologies and the Knowledge Economy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We describe a novel Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) architecture based on previously proposed Semantic Enterprise Application Integration (SEAI) standards. We show how such an EAI architecture is supported by automated reasoning tools to provide application integration support and validation capabilities. We give a description of a transformation approach to help transition from the current XML Schema-based EAI standards to the new OWL-based SEAI standards to support industrial interoperability scenarios. Finally, we outline initial experimental results and point how one existing industrial EAI standard, the OAGIS specification, may be transformed into an OWL-based representation. C1 [Ivezic, Nenad; Jones, Albert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. [Anicic, Nenad; Marjanovic, Zoran] Fac Org Sci, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Ivezic, N (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20817 USA. EM nivezic@nist.gov; anicic.nenad@fon.bg.ac.yu; ajones@nist.gov; marjanovic.zoran@fon.bg.ac.yu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1230 BN 978-1-58603-563-1 J9 INFORM COMM TECH KNO PY 2005 VL 2 BP 66 EP 73 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Business; Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKX18 UT WOS:000269519300009 ER PT J AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R AF Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R TI Obstacle detection using a Time-of-Flight range camera for Automated Guided Vehicle safety and navigation SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS) CY AUG 24-26, 2004 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB The performance evaluation of an obstacle detection and segmentation algorithm for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) navigation in factory-like environments using a 3D real-time range camera is the subject of this paper. Our approach has been tested successfully on British safety standard recommended object sizes and materials placed on the vehicle path. The segmented (mapped) obstacles are then verified using absolute measurements obtained using a relatively accurate 2D scanning laser rangefinder. Sensor mounting and sensor modulation issues will also be described through representative data sets. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 237 EP 249 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 959PN UT WOS:000231530300003 ER PT J AU Schlenoff, C Ajot, J Madhavan, R AF Schlenoff, C Ajot, J Madhavan, R TI Performance evaluation of autonomous vehicle navigation in dynamic, on-road environments SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS) CY AUG 24-26, 2004 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc ID MODEL AB We are developing a novel framework, PRIDE (PRediction In Dynamic Environments), to perform moving object prediction (MOP) to assist unmanned ground vehicles in performing path planning within dynamic environments. In addition to predicting the location of moving objects in the environment, we have extended PRIDE to generate simulated traffic during on-road driving. In this paper, we explore applying the PRIDE-based traffic control algorithms for the performance evaluation of autonomous vehicles. Through the use of repeatable and realistic traffic simulation, one is able to evaluate the performance of an autonomous vehicle in an on-road driving scenario without the risk involved with introducing the vehicle into a potentially dangerous roadway situation. In addition, by varying a single vehicle's parameters (such as aggressivity), we can show how the entire traffic pattern is affected. We will describe the successes that have been achieved to date in a simulated environment, as well as enhancements that are currently being researched and expected in the near future. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.schlenoff@nist.gov; jerome.ajot@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@ieee.org NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 263 EP 277 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 959PN UT WOS:000231530300005 ER PT J AU Madhavan, R Messina, E AF Madhavan, R Messina, E TI Performance evaluation of temporal range registration for autonomous vehicle navigation SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS) CY AUG 24-26, 2004 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc ID LOCALIZATION AB In this article, we evaluate the performance of an iterative registration algorithm for position estimation of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) operating in unstructured environments. Field data obtained from trials on UGVs traversing undulating outdoor terrain is used to quantify the performance of the algorithm in producing continual position estimates. These estimates are then compared with those provided by ground truth to facilitate the performance evaluation of the algorithm. Additionally, we propose performance measures for assessing the quality of correspondences that are crucial to achieving accurate and reliable registration. We describe in detail how these measures, collectively, can provide an indication of the quality of the correspondences thus making the registration algorithm more robust to outliers as spurious matches are not used in computing the incremental transformation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; elena.messina@nist.gov OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 EI 1875-8835 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 291 EP 303 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 959PN UT WOS:000231530300007 ER PT J AU Apitz, SE Davis, JW Finkelstein, K Hohreiter, DW Hoke, R Jensen, RH Jersak, J Kirtay, VJ Mack, EE Magar, VS Moore, D Reible, D Stahl, RG AF Apitz, Sabine E. Davis, John W. Finkelstein, Ken Hohreiter, David W. Hoke, Robert Jensen, Richard H. Jersak, Joe Kirtay, Victoria J. Mack, E. Erin Magar, Victor S. Moore, David Reible, Danny Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. TI Assessing and Managing Contaminated Sediments: Part I, Developing an Effective Investigation and Risk Evaluation Strategy SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Sediment assessment; Sediment management; Ecological risk assessment; Sediment quality AB This is the first of a two-part review of the current state-of-the-science pertaining to the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the major technical and policy issues stemming from the assessment and management of contaminated sediments, highlight a number of aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management found to be successful, and, when appropriate, address the barriers that still exist for improving contaminated sediment management. In this paper, Part I, the many key elements of an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy are reviewed, beginning with the development of a conceptual site model (CSM) and including a discussion of some of the key factors influencing the design of sediment investigations and ecological risk assessment of sediment-bound chemicals on aquatic biota. In Part II of this paper (Apitz et al. 2005), various approaches are reviewed for evaluating sediment risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness. While many of the technical and policy issues described in this review are relevant to dredged material management, the focus of this paper is on sediment assessment for environmental management. C1 [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. [Davis, John W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Finkelstein, Ken] US EPA, NOAA, Off Site Remediat & Restorat HI0, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hohreiter, David W.] BBL Sci, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Hoke, Robert] EI Du Pont Nemours, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Jensen, Richard H.; Mack, E. Erin; Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] EI Du Pont Nemours, Corp Remediat Grp, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Jersak, Joe] Hull & Associates, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Kirtay, Victoria J.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Magar, Victor S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Moore, David] MEC Analyt Syst, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. [Reible, Danny] Louisiana State Univ, Hazardous Substance Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Apitz, SE (reprint author), SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. EM drsea@cvrl.org FU Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDTE Program [Y0817]; U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program FX This paper does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, or any of the project sponsors or affiliations represented by each of the authors. References to brand names and trademarks in this document are for information purposes only and do not constitute endorsements by the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, project sponsors, or the authors. This work was funded, in part, by the Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDT&E (Y0817) Program and by the U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-002.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200003 PM 16637142 ER PT J AU Spromberg, JA Meador, JP AF Spromberg, Julann A. Meador, James P. TI Relating Results of Chronic Toxicity Responses to Population-Level Effects: Modeling Effects on Wild Chinook Salmon Populations SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Life history modeling; Chronic toxicity; Chinook salmon; Population-level effects AB Standard toxicity tests assess the physiological responses of individual organisms to exposure to toxic substances under controlled conditions. Time and space restrictions often prohibit the assessment of population-level responses to a toxic substance. Compounds affecting various toxicity endpoints, such as growth, fecundity, behavior, or immune function, alter different demographic traits and produce different impacts on the population. Chronic effects of immune suppression, reproductive impairment, and growth reduction were examined using life history models for Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Modeled immune suppression acted through reductions in age-specific survival, with first- and second-year survival producing the greatest changes in the population growth rate (lambda). A 10% reduction in various reproductive parameters all produced a similar., but different sensitivity and stable age distributions. Growth reduction models incorporated effects to both survival and reproduction and produced additive effects. Overall, model output indicated that for Chinook salmon, alteration of first- year survival has the greatest relative impact on.. Results support the importance of linking toxicity endpoints to the demographic traits that they influence and help generate toxicity tests that are more relevant for the species. Life history modeling provides a useful tool to develop testable hypotheses regarding specific and comparative population-level impacts. C1 [Spromberg, Julann A.; Meador, James P.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries through a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship FX NOAA Fisheries funding was provided through a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. The authors would like to thank Sue Ratner, Correigh Greene, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 63 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-005.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200004 PM 16637143 ER PT J AU Apitz, SE Davis, JW Finkelstein, K Hohreiter, DW Hoke, R Jensen, RH Jersak, J Kirtay, VJ Mack, EE Magar, VS Moore, D Reible, D Stahl, RG AF Apitz, Sabine E. Davis, John W. Finkelstein, Ken Hohreiter, David W. Hoke, Robert Jensen, Richard H. Jersak, Joe Kirtay, Victoria J. Mack, E. Erin Magar, Victor S. Moore, David Reible, Danny Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. TI Assessing and Managing Contaminated Sediments: Part II, Evaluating Risk and Monitoring Sediment Remedy Effectiveness SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Sediment assessment; Sediment management; Ecological risk assessment; Sediment quality AB This is the second of a two-part review of the current state-of-the-science pertaining to the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the major technical and policy issues stemming from the assessment and management of contaminated sediments, highlight a number of aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management found to be successful, and, when appropriate, address the barriers that still exist for improving contaminated sediment management. In Part I (Apitz et al. 2005), the key elements of an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy were reviewed, beginning with the development of a conceptual site model (CSM) and including a discussion of some of the key factors influencing the design of sediment investigations and ecological risk assessment of sediment-bound chemicals on aquatic biota. In this paper, Part II, various approaches are reviewed for evaluating sediment risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness. While many of the technical and policy issues described in this review are relevant to dredged material management, the focus of this paper is on sediment assessment for environmental management. C1 [Apitz, Sabine E.] SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. [Davis, John W.] Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol & Environm Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Finkelstein, Ken] US EPA, NOAA, Off Site Remediat & Restorat HI0, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hohreiter, David W.] BBL Sci, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Hoke, Robert] EI Du Pont Nemours, Haskell Lab Hlth & Environm Sci, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Jensen, Richard H.; Mack, E. Erin; Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] EI Du Pont Nemours, Corp Remediat Grp, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Jersak, Joe] Hull & Associates, Toledo, OH 43614 USA. [Kirtay, Victoria J.] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Magar, Victor S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Moore, David] MEC Analyt Syst, Carlsbad, CA 92009 USA. [Reible, Danny] Louisiana State Univ, Hazardous Substance Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Apitz, SE (reprint author), SEA Environm Decis, 1 South Cottages, Little Hadham SG11 2AT, Herts, England. EM drsea@cvrl.org FU Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDTE Program [Y0817]; U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program FX This paper does not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, or any of the project sponsors or affiliations represented by each of the authors. References to brand names and trademarks in this document are for information purposes only and do not constitute endorsements by the U.S. EPA, U.S. Navy, project sponsors, or the authors. This work was funded, in part, by the Naval Facilities Shoreside Environmental RDT&E (Y0817) Program and by the U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Environmental Quality Applied Research Program. NR 126 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 1 IS 1 BP E1 EP E14 DI 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-002e.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA V43WJ UT WOS:000209711200001 ER PT S AU Nalepa, TE Fanslow, DL Foley, AJ AF Nalepa, TE Fanslow, DL Foley, AJ BE Jones, J TI Spatial patterns in population trends of the amphipod Diporeia spp. and Dreissena mussels in Lake Michigan SO International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 29, Pt 1, Proceedings SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 08-14, 2004 CL Lahti, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE zebra mussels; quagga mussels; benthic community; Great Lakes ID DECLINES; ONTARIO; FOOD C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Nalepa, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54065-4 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2005 VL 29 BP 426 EP 431 PN 1 PG 6 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCQ26 UT WOS:000230666900078 ER PT S AU Sands, NJ Mathisen, OA AF Sands, NJ Mathisen, OA BE Jones, J TI Ecosystem modeling of species interactions affecting sockeye salmon production in Iliamna Lake, Bristol Bay, Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 29, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 08-14, 2004 CL Lahti, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE salmon spawning; isotope analysis; marine nitrogen; Iliamna Lake ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PHOCA-VITULINA; CARCASSES; STREAMS C1 NOAA Fisheries NWFSC, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sands, NJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries NWFSC, 2527 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM randim@rockisland.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54065-4 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW JI Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. Proc. PY 2005 VL 29 BP 437 EP 447 PN 1 PG 11 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BCQ26 UT WOS:000230666900080 ER PT S AU Gophen, M Walline, PD AF Gophen, M Walline, PD BE Jones, J TI The limnology of Lake Ilopango, El Salvador SO International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 29, Pt 2, Proceedings SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 08-14, 2004 CL Lahti, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE Lake Ilopango; El Salvador; limnology C1 NOAA Fisheries, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gophen, M (reprint author), Migal,POB 831, IL-11016 Kiryat Shmona, Israel. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54066-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2005 VL 29 BP 799 EP 801 PN 2 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDY99 UT WOS:000236278200052 ER PT S AU Fahnenstiel, G Klarer, D Millie, D McCormick, M Foley, A AF Fahnenstiel, G Klarer, D Millie, D McCormick, M Foley, A BE Jones, J TI Epilithic algae in the North Channel, Lake Huron SO International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 29, Pt 2, Proceedings SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY AUG 08-14, 2004 CL Lahti, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol DE periphyton; Great Lakes; benthic; primary productivity; photosynthesis ID GREAT-LAKES; PERIPHYTON C1 NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Fahnenstiel, G (reprint author), NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54066-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2005 VL 29 BP 823 EP 826 PN 2 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BDY99 UT WOS:000236278200058 ER PT S AU Bateman, FB Al-Quraishi, SI Brient, CE Boukharouba, N Carlson, AD Carter, DE Grimes, SM Haight, RC Massey, TN Wheeler, RT AF Bateman, FB Al-Quraishi, SI Brient, CE Boukharouba, N Carlson, AD Carter, DE Grimes, SM Haight, RC Massey, TN Wheeler, RT BE Haight, RC Chadwick, MB Kawano, T Talou, P TI Measurement of the H(n,n)H elastic scattering angular distribution at E-n=15 MeV SO International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy, Int Atom Energy Agcy, US DOE, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acqiris Corp, Amer Inst Phys, Canberra Ind Inc, Eljen Technologies, Goodfellow Corp, Inst Phys, St Gobain, Bicron, Scionix USA, Struck, Techsource, Thermoelectron, Wiener, Natl Nucl Data Ctr AB We have undertaken an experiment to measure the relative differential cross section for neutron scattering from hydrogen at a neutron energy of 15 MeV, for center-of-mass scattering angles from 60 degrees to 180 degrees. A total of eleven E-Delta E telescopes were used to detect the scattered protons at laboratory angles of 0, +/- 12, +/- 24, +/- 36, +/- 48, and +/- 60 degrees. This experiment is intended to extend the earlier work performed by this group at 10.04 MeV [1]. To avoid possible dead-time problems and amplifier summing noise a unique approach to data acquisition was taken The data acquisition is based on eleven individual data-acquisition boards, one for each detector telescope, installed in separate personal computers, each running independently. In this way, no multiplexing of the detector signals is required, and the noise associated with the summing of the signals is eliminated. Also an additional acquisition board and personal computer are used for a neutron detector, with gamma-ray discrimination, as a neutron monitor. A detailed description of the data-acquisition system will be given, and results from preliminary experiments will be presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bateman, FB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0254-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 769 BP 834 EP 837 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BCP35 UT WOS:000230511800189 ER PT J AU Black, D AF Black, D TI Using X-ray topography to inspect surfaces of single-crystal components SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE; DIFFRACTION; SAPPHIRE AB X-ray diffraction topography, which is sensitive to local strain and/or crystallographic orientation, provides a unique view of the Surface of single-crystal samples and can be used to nondestructively inspect for surface and subsurface damage. The attributes of synchtotron-based X-ray topography as applied to inspection will be described and illustrated with examples from recent experiments. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Black, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.black@nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02028.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 956LX UT WOS:000231302400009 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Zhang, C Wang, B Feng, SC AF Zhang, XD Zhang, C Wang, B Feng, SC TI Unified functional tolerancing approach for precision cylindrical components SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geometric dimensioning and tolerancing; functional tolerancing; Legendre and Fourier polynomials; precision machining ID FEATURES AB Current geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) standards dictate that the geometry of a cylindrical manufactured part should be characterized in terms of its roundness, straightness, cylindricity and diameter. However, standards de. ne the form errors using maximum peak-to-valley values - a very simplistic geometric description. As a result, measurements based on GD&T definitions for manufactured parts are ineffective for identifying and diagnosing error sources in a manufacturing process. This paper introduces a new tolerancing scheme for cylindrical parts and its application to functional tolerancing for diesel engine components. The new tolerance definition method is based on Legendre and Fourier polynomials for modelling and characterizing typical geometric errors found in machined cylindrical parts. As the tolerance parameters in the new tolerancing scheme represents the whole pro. le characteristics of the part geometry, they provide a direct link to part function and error sources of manufacturing processes. This paper describes the Legendre and Fourier polynomials-based tolerancing method. Typical machining errors of cylindrical parts in precision turning and grinding processes are analysed and modelled using the new tolerancing method. Application of the new tolerancing method is illustrated with an example of functional tolerancing a production diesel engine component, which shows that the new tolerancing method is effective for the specification and control of fuel leakage variation in diesel engine component design and manufacturing. C1 FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Mahr Fed Inc, Providence, RI 02940 USA. NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), FAMU FSU Coll Engn, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM chzhang@eng.fsu.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 1 BP 25 EP 47 DI 10.1080/00207540412331282060 PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 884VV UT WOS:000226115700002 ER PT J AU Domanski, PA Yashar, D Kim, MS AF Domanski, PA Yashar, D Kim, MS TI Performance of a finned-tube evaporator optimized for different refrigerants and its effect on system efficiency SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE air conditionings; refrigerating system; evaporator; finned tube; modelling; optimization; R600a; R410A; propane; R32; R134a; R22; comparison ID LEARNABLE EVOLUTION MODEL; FLOW AB This paper presents a comparable evaluation of R600a (isobutane), R290 (propane), R134a, R22, R410A, and R32 in an optimized finned-tube evaporator, and analyzes the impact of evaporator effects on the system coefficient of performance (COP). The study relied on a detailed evaporator model derived from NIST's EVAP-COND simulation package and used the ISHED1 scheme employing a non-Darwinian learnable evolution model for circuitry optimization. In the process, 4500 circuitry designs were generated and evaluated for each refrigerant. The obtained evaporator optimization results were incorporated in a conventional analysis of the vapor compression cycle. For a theoretical cycle analysis without accounting for evaporator effects, the COP spread for the studied refrigerants was as high as 11.7%. For cycle simulations including evaporator effects, the COP of R290 was better than that of R22 by up to 3.5%, while the remaining refrigerants performed approximately within a 2% COP band of the R22 baseline for the two condensing temperatures considered. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov NR 16 TC 25 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.02.003 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 956KI UT WOS:000231298200003 ER PT J AU Harvey, AH Lemmon, EW AF Harvey, AH Lemmon, EW TI Method for estimating the dielectric constant of natural gas mixtures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE dielectric constant; energy mixtures; natural gas; polarization; relative permittivity ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; ORTHOBARIC LIQUID DENSITIES; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; FLUID REGION; MELTING LINE; 35 MPA; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; RELATIVE PERMITTIVITIES; MOLAR POLARIZABILITIES; EXCESS VOLUMES AB A method has been developed for calculating the static dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of fluid mixtures. with an emphasis on natural gas. The dielectric constant is calculated as a Function of temperature, density, and composition; the density is calculated with a fundamental mixture equation of state. Theory-based correlations were developed for the dielectric Constant of all significant components Of natural gas, including not Only light hydrocarbons but also gases Such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. In many cases, these correlations took advantage of new, highly accurate data Measured in cross capacitors. For mixtures. the pure-component Values are combined as proposed by Harvey and Prausnitz: this produces better results than the traditional mixing rule. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM harvey@boulder.nist.gov NR 74 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10765-005-2351-5 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 925GC UT WOS:000229040200003 ER PT J AU Nakano, T Tew, WL Tamura, O Sakurai, H AF Nakano, T Tew, WL Tamura, O Sakurai, H TI Double anomalous peak in the heat capacity just below the triple point of saturated e-H-2 with FeO(OH) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE catalyst; FeO(OH); hydrogen; ITS-90; triple point ID POROUS VYCOR GLASS; HYDROGEN AB The heat capacity of e-H, with powder of FcO(OH) used as a catalyst to,ortho-para equilibration has been investigated using sealed cells fabricated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Lit the National Metrology Institute of Japan. An anomalous double peak has been observed ill their heat capacities at temperatures just below the triple point independent of sources of H-2 and FeO(OH) and designs of sealed cells. Supercooling behavior has been observed not only Lit the triple point but also at each anomalous peak resulting from a depression of the melting temperature Of a portion of solid H in close physical proximity to the catalyst. The reduction of the amount of catalyst Suppresses the size of the anomalies and allows one to obtain more reliable melting Curves for e-H-2 at the triple point. C1 Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nakano, T (reprint author), Natl Metrol Inst Japan, AIST Cent 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. EM tnt@ni.aist.go.jp NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s10765-005-2354-2 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 925GC UT WOS:000229040200006 ER PT S AU Magee, JW Kabo, GJ Frenkel, M AF Magee, JW Kabo, GJ Frenkel, M BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Physical property measurements and a comprehensive data retrieval system for ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID XML-BASED APPROACH; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMOML; EXCHANGE; STORAGE; STATE AB NIST has initiated a collaborative project to provide key physical properties of a subset of ionic liquids that represent a selection of cations, anions and substituent chemical groups. NIST is collaborating with IUPAC task groups to establish standardized systems and to develop a comprehensive data retrieval system for ionic liquids. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Belarussian State Univ, Dept Chem, Minsk 220050, Byelarus. RP Magee, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Expt Properties Fluids Grp, MS 838-07,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 160 EP 174 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700012 ER PT S AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH Trulove, PC De Long, HC BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Thermal and kinetic studies of trialkylimidazolium salts SO IONIC LIQUIDS IIIA: FUNDAMENTALS, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES, PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids - Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges and Opportunities held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID THERMOGRAVIMETRIC DATA; IONIC LIQUIDS; DEGRADATION AB The thermal properties of trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been determined using a flashpoint apparatus and the technique of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Using a Setaflash flashpoint analyzer, all the salts studied were found to have flashpoints above 200 degrees C. TGA was utilized to study the decomposition of imidazolium based RTILs. The effects of C-2 hydrogen substitution, structural isomerism, alkyl chain length, anion type, and purge gas type is discussed. The decomposition kinetics of 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was investigated using TGA. The global kinetic model and TGA Arrhenius parameters have been determined by employing both constant heating rate and isothermal programs. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fox@nrl.navy.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3893-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 901 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BCJ77 UT WOS:000229674700015 ER PT B AU Gerecht, E Gu, D Yngvesson, S Rodriguez-Morales, F Zannoni, R Nicholson, J AF Gerecht, E Gu, D Yngvesson, S Rodriguez-Morales, F Zannoni, R Nicholson, J GP IEEE TI HEB FPA imaging technology for security and biomedical applications SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab AB We have demonstrated a low-noise heterodyne three-element focal plane array (FPA) at 1.6 THz consisting of NbN Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) detectors, intimately integrated with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) IF amplifiers in a single block. HEB technology is becoming the basis for advanced terahertz; imaging and spectroscopic technologies for the study of biological and chemical agents over the entire terahertz spectrum. The use of FPAs is crucial for maximizing the detection speed in these applications. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gerecht, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000005 ER PT B AU Esenturk, O Heilweil, EJ AF Esenturk, O Heilweil, EJ GP IEEE TI Ultrafast transient THz spectroscopy of azobenzene SO IRMMW-THz2005: The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 19-23, 2005 CL Williamsburg, VA SP IEEE, Jefferson Lab, Naval Res Lab ID VISIBLE ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ISOMERIZATION; STORAGE AB Ultrafast optical pump-THz probe experiments conducted to study photo-reactive molecular systems will be presented after a brief methodology overview. Large differences in UV excitation and THz absorption cross-sections make these pump-probe investigations extremely difficult. This study concentrates on transient dynamics of trans-cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene in the liquid and solid phase. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Esenturk, O (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9348-1 PY 2005 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BEF94 UT WOS:000237170000242 ER PT B AU Shao, GD McLean, C Leong, S AF Shao, GD McLean, C Leong, S BE Kruger, J TI A simulation system with neutral data interface for shipbuilding operation SO ISC'2005: 3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005 CY JUN 09-11, 2005 CL Fraunhofer-IPK, Berlin, GERMANY SP EUROSIS, ETI, AEKI, CREAX, ENSAIT, Fraunhofer IPK, Ghent Univ, UPV HO Fraunhofer-IPK DE simulation; XML; UML; data model; shipbuilding AB Simulation technology is underutilized in the shipbuilding industry. The development of neutral data interfaces between simulation and other software applications, could make information sharing within a shipyard more effective and efficient, and hence promote the utilization of simulation in the shipbuilding industry. A generic shipbuilding simulation system with such a neutral data interface has been under development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). An interface information model represents shipyard data and facilitates data sharing among the production system; the scheduling system and the simulation system have been developed. In this paper, the objectives and requirements of a generic shipbuilding simulation and the data interface are discussed. An overview of a generic simulation system of shipbuilding operations is presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 90-77381-18-X PY 2005 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BDU33 UT WOS:000235391500025 ER PT J AU Ahmad, F Constabel, F Geckeler, KE Seeck, OH Seo, YS Satija, SK Kubik, S Shin, K AF Ahmad, F Constabel, F Geckeler, KE Seeck, OH Seo, YS Satija, SK Kubik, S Shin, K TI X-ray reflectivity study of cyclic peptide monolayers at the air-water interface SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONNATURAL AMINO-ACID; NANOTUBES; DESIGN; ARCHITECTURE; BINDING; PROTEIN; INCLUDE AB The dynamic and living characteristics of monolayers at the air-water interface of a cyclohexapeptide (C6G) and a cyclooctapeptide (C8G), both composed of glutamic acid and 3-aminobenzoic acid subunits in an alternating sequence, were investigated using the Langmuir balance technique, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and X-ray reflectivity (XR). An alanine-containing cyclohexapeptide (C6A) was included in this study for comparison. All three cyclopeptides preferentially adopt an orientation parallel to the subphase at low surface pressure. Continuous compression then causes the molecules to flip to a perpendicular state, thus minimizing their molecular area. In contrast to C8G and C6A, a pronounced hysteresis observed during the compression-expansion cycle of C6G indicates that strong intermolecular interactions between the cyclopeptide rings occur in the monolayers of this peptide. This result is supported by BAM measurements that show the formation of crystallite structures for C6G at high surface pressures, whereas no structures were observed for C8G and C6A. These results indicate that C6G is able to self-assemble upon surface compression, an ability that is obviously critically dependent on the correct ring size and composition of the peptide. The presence of hydrogen bond acceptors in the side chains of C6G suggests that the structural stabilization of the monolayer is due to H-bonding, possibly between ring NH groups and side chain CO groups. Our in situ study thus provides a detailed understanding of the molecular dynamics and uninterrupted interfacial behavior of the three peptides in a real-time frame. C1 Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chem Organ Chem, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Shin, K (reprint author), Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. EM kwshin@gist.ac.kr RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; Kubik, Stefan/B-3689-2016; OI Kubik, Stefan/0000-0003-0526-7014; Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36, GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1560/4QGD-XF09-A2R6-7NP6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 952OY UT WOS:000231016600009 ER PT J AU Monaldo, FM Thompson, DR Winstead, NS Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Christiansen, MB AF Monaldo, FM Thompson, DR Winstead, NS Pichel, WG Clemente-Colon, P Christiansen, MB TI Ocean wind field mapping from synthetic aperture radar and its application to research and applied problems SO JOHNS HOPKINS APL TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Article ID SAR; SURFACE; MODEL; SPEED; SCATTEROMETER; VALIDATION; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL; BLOCKING; BARRIER AB APL and the Office of Research and Applications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have developed a system to use near-real-time satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the Radarsat-1 and Envisat satellites to produce high-resolution (subkilometer) maps of the ocean surface wind field in coastal areas. These maps have shown diverse meteorological phenomena, from gap flows to atmospheric roll vortices. In this article, we describe how SAR can measure wind over the ocean surface and then present examples illustrating how such measurements may be applied. The first application is a scientific one in which SAR wind fields are used to understand the dynamics and spatial variability of barrier jets off the west coast of Canada and the southern coast of Alaska. The second application is a practical one in which high-resolution SAR wind maps are used to determine the optimal placement of offshore wind turbines for generating electric power. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Ocean Remote Sensing Grp, Laurel, MD 20703 USA. Univ Miami, Ctr SE Trop Adv Remote Sensing, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Wind Energy Dept, Roskilde, Denmark. RP Monaldo, FM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Ctr SE Trop Adv Remote Sensing, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM frank.monaldo@jhuapl.edu RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PI LAUREL PA APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATTN: MANAGING EDITOR JOHN HOPKINS RD, BLDG 1-E254, LAUREL, MD 20723-6099 USA SN 0270-5214 J9 J HOPKINS APL TECH D JI Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 102 EP 113 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 046FW UT WOS:000237797800002 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Byrd, EW Bentz, D Martin, J AF Nguyen, T Byrd, EW Bentz, D Martin, J TI In situ spectroscopic study of water at the asphalt/siliceous substrate interface and its implication in stripping SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE adhesion; aggregate; asphalt; attenuated total reflection (ATR); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in situ measurement; interface; internal reflection spectroscopy; quantitative; siliceous substrate; stripping; water; water susceptibility ID ORGANIC COATINGS; ATR SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; FILMS; DEGRADATION; INTERPHASE; DIFFUSION; VISCOSITY; TRANSPORT AB Water at the asphalt/aggregate interface is the major contributor to the debonding of asphalt from mineral aggregates ( stripping). A technique based on Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR) spectroscopy in the multiple internal reflection (MIR) mode to measure in situ the water layer at the interface between an asphalt and a model siliceous aggregate is described. An asphalt layer of approximately 70 mm thick was coated to an SiO2-covered Si prism, which serves as the model siliceous substrate. A water chamber was attached to the asphalt-coated substrate. FTIR-MIR spectra were taken automatically at specified time intervals without disturbance to the specimen or the optical alignment of the instrument. The amount and thickness of the water layer at the interface between an asphalt and a siliceous substrate were determined based on a two-layer model derived from the internal reflection spectroscopy theory. The application of this technique for measuring the thickness of the water layer at the asphalt/model siliceous interface for several asphalts is presented. Based on interfacial water data, the mechanism of the stripping of an asphalt from a siliceous aggregate and the transport processes of water from the environment to the asphalt/aggregate interface are discussed. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,226-B350, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov RI Yong, Wen/C-6987-2012 NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1080/00218460590904426 PG 28 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 920JY UT WOS:000228686400001 ER PT J AU Carroll, TJ Carroll, TR AF Carroll, TJ Carroll, TR TI Wright brothers' invention of 1903 propeller and genesis of modern propeller theory SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB During the summers of 1900,1901, and 1902, the Wright Brothers developed, tested, and implemented, on the sands of Kitty Hawk, one of the most critical components of heavier-than-air, powered flight, that is, three-axis control. Only the assembly of a propulsion system remained to complete the world's first successful heavier-than air flying machine. The greatest challenge in designing and developing the propulsion system, which included an engine and transmission, was the invention of an efficient propeller. To develop the first aerial propeller, the brothers researched momentum and blade-element theory used to explain marine propeller performance. This paper discusses the fusion of momentum and blade-element theories required to invent the aerial propeller, the misconceptions of early aviators such as Langley and Maxim, and the contributions to propeller design provided by Rankine, Froude, and Drzewiecki. Also summarized are the results of the static tests the Wrights conducted on their first full-sized. propeller. Additionally, the calculated performance for their 1903 propeller is quantified and summarized for the major components including thrust, drag, torque, throwdown, forward velocity, gross speed, and true slip. The paper provides the derivation of the 66% efficiency estimate for the 1903 propeller. C1 Eye Phys Springfield, Springfield, OH 45503 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Minneapolis, MN 55317 USA. RP Carroll, TJ (reprint author), Eye Phys Springfield, Springfield, OH 45503 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.2514/1.6361 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 896TT UT WOS:000226957300028 ER PT J AU Christopher, SJ Day, RD Bryan, CE Turk, GC AF Christopher, SJ Day, RD Bryan, CE Turk, GC TI Improved calibration strategy for measurement of trace elements in biological and clinical whole blood reference materials via collision-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION; TOTAL SELENIUM; ICP-MS; DRIFT AB A multi-element quanti. cation strategy based on the method of standard additions incorporating internal standards and collision cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is presented. Approaches to experimental design are discussed in the context of streamlining analytical measurement protocols employing ratio-based standard additions quanti. cation schemes for the certification of multiple elements in Certified Reference Materials, including reduction of the number of required analytical samples and measurement of analytes and internal standards at alternate quadrupole mass resolution settings. This strategy was implemented for the measurement of As, Se, Fe, Mn, Rb, Cu, and Zn levels in a candidate fish tissue NIST Standard Reference Material and measurement of Cd and Pb in two clinical, whole blood Certified Reference Materials. A simple approach to calculating analytical uncertainties for concentration data, as determined using standard additions calibrations, is presented which utilizes regression and prediction uncertainties and quotient propagation of error formulae. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Christopher, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM steven.christopher@nist.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1035 EP 1043 DI 10.1039/b504139b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 967PI UT WOS:000232103300005 ER PT J AU Quetel, CR Snell, JP Aregbe, Y Abranko, L Jokai, Z Brunori, C Morabito, R Hagan, W Azemard, S Wyse, E Fajon, V Horvat, M Logar, M Donard, OFX Krupp, E Entwisle, J Hearn, R Schantz, M Inagaki, K Takatsu, A Grinberg, P Willlie, S Dimock, B Hintelmann, H Zhu, J Gonzalez, EB Centineo, G Alonso, JEG Sanz-Medel, A Bjorn, E AF Quetel, CR Snell, JP Aregbe, Y Abranko, L Jokai, Z Brunori, C Morabito, R Hagan, W Azemard, S Wyse, E Fajon, V Horvat, M Logar, M Donard, OFX Krupp, E Entwisle, J Hearn, R Schantz, M Inagaki, K Takatsu, A Grinberg, P Willlie, S Dimock, B Hintelmann, H Zhu, J Gonzalez, EB Centineo, G Alonso, JEG Sanz-Medel, A Bjorn, E TI Methylmercury in tuna: demonstrating measurement capabilities and evaluating comparability of results worldwide from the CCQM P-39 comparison SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; MICROEXTRACTION-GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; METHYL MERCURY-COMPOUNDS; GC-ICP-MS; SODIUM TETRA(N-PROPYL)BORATE; INORGANIC MERCURY; SPECIATION; DERIVATIZATION; CERTIFICATION AB Six metrology institutes (NMIs) representing at the Comite 'International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) 4 Member States of the Metre Convention and 2 international organisations, and 8 "expert'' laboratories selected outside CIPM have compared their capabilities to quantitatively measure methylmercury (MeHg) in a prepared tuna material containing approximately 4.3 mg kg(-1) Hg. This comparison was the object of the CIPM - Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) Pilot Study 39, organised by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), from the European Commission - Joint Research Centre. Beside the test material itself, a bottle of the BCR-464 tuna Certified Reference Material (CRM) and an ampoule of IRMM-670, a 202 Hg isotope enriched MeHg candidate isotopic CRM, were distributed to all participants, who were free to apply the measurement strategy of their choice. Four, including 1 NMI, relied on external calibration or the method of standard additions, whereas the other 10 implemented an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) approach and chose to use the IRMM-670 for their measurements. Alkaline digestion at room temperature ( with manual shaking) or high temperature ( under sonication, oven or hot plate conditions) was employed by most participants, with hydrochloric acid leaching the second most popular choice. Alkylation ( 4 phenylations, 4 ethylations and 3 propylations) in the aqueous phase was preferred by a large majority over butylation by the Grignard reaction. All participants were requested to estimate the uncertainty associated with their results and 9 out of 14 stated relative combined uncertainties below 6% (k = 2). Despite this apparent consensus, the perception of which factor caused the largest contribution to this estimation differed among participants because of the differences in the analytical methodologies deployed but also because of wide differences of the concepts of uncertainty estimation. The mixture mode' (MM) median, calculated also from the measurement uncertainties stated by the participants, was 1.967 +/- 0.204 x 10(-5) mol kg(-1) (95% confidence). Twelve of the results were re-grouped within a range of less than 0.3 x 10(-5) mol kg(-1) (MM median = 1.967 +/- 0.162 x 10(-5) mol kg(-1), 95% confidence): they nearly all (1 exception) overlapped with each other within k = 2 stated uncertainties. For the other 2 results the uncertainty seemed to have been particularly underestimated as they lay, respectively, at more than 20% above and less than - 40% below the overall average. The relative standard deviation of the results of 9 laboratories out of the 10 that applied IDMS was about 2.6%. It can be assumed from the degree of equivalence shown by 12 out of 14 study participants that, at present, laboratories worldwide are potentially able to supply accurate results for MeHg in fish-type matrices ( containing about 2 x 10(-5) mol kg(-1)) within +/- 10% uncertainty. This encouraging outcome permitted scheduling of a follow-up CCQM-K43 key comparison for a lower MeHg content level in salmon tissues. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Isotop Measurement Unit,EC JRC IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Corvinus Univ Buddapest, Dept Appl Chem, BKAE ET, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. ENEA, PROT CHIM, CR Casaccia, I-00060 Rome, Italy. Frontier GeoSci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. IAEA, MEL, MC-98012 Monaco, Monaco. Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Ljubljana 1111, Slovenia. LCABIE, F-64000 Pau, France. LGC Ltd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. NIST, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Adv Sci & Technol AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Environm Stand Sect, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. Natl Res Council Canada, INMS, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Univ Oviedo, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, Oviedo, Spain. Umea Univ, Dept Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Quetel, CR (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Isotop Measurement Unit,EC JRC IRMM, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM Christophe.Quetel@cec.eu.int RI Krupp, Eva/B-8309-2011; Alonso, Jose/H-6795-2015; OI Alonso, Jose/0000-0002-8356-3866; Sanz Medel, Alfredo/0000-0003-2899-1347; Grinberg, Patricia/0000-0002-1167-6474; Willie, Scott/0000-0002-3376-0722; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X; Abranko, Laszlo/0000-0002-0160-7280 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1058 EP 1066 DI 10.1039/b505368d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 967PI UT WOS:000232103300008 ER PT J AU Sturgeon, RE Willie, SN Yang, L Greenberg, R Spatz, RO Chen, Z Scriver, C Clancy, V Lam, JW Thorrold, S AF Sturgeon, RE Willie, SN Yang, L Greenberg, R Spatz, RO Chen, Z Scriver, C Clancy, V Lam, JW Thorrold, S TI Certification of a fish otolith reference material in support of quality assurance for trace element analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY AB Production and certification activities relating to the development of a new Certified Reference Material (FEBS-1) based on a fish otolith matrix are described. The material was prepared from 4.5 kg of dried saggital otolith harvested from the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), ball milled and sieved to <200 mesh, homogenized, irradiated, bottled into 1 g aliquots and certified for major, minor and trace element composition using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), isotope dilution-ICP-MS, neutron activation, ICP-optical emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence. Several laboratories participated in this activity, providing for a robust estimate of each measurand. Certified values for seven elements (Ba, Ca, Li, Mg, Mn, Na and Sr) are reported, accompanied by full GUM uncertainty estimates. Reference values for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn are also provided; these elements were considered to be not certifiable because of the large component of uncertainty contributed by homogeneity. This CRM will be of interest to those laboratories requiring quality assurance of measurements of bulk elemental composition of otoliths and other marine aragonites. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R9, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lab Isotope & Trace Element Res, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Sturgeon, RE (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R9, Canada. EM ralph.sturgeon@nrc.ca RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012; OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517; Clancy, Vincent/0000-0002-0083-0528; Lam, Joseph/0000-0001-6402-0535; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; Willie, Scott/0000-0002-3376-0722; Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503 NR 15 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2005 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1067 EP 1071 DI 10.1039/b503655k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 967PI UT WOS:000232103300009 ER PT J AU Read, DT AF Read, DT TI Atomistic simulation of modulus deficit in an aggregate of metal spheres SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POTENTIALS; COPPER; FILMS AB This paper reports molecular-dynamics modeling of the elastic behavior of a self-assembled aggregate of perfect face-centered-cubic crystal spheres, a morphology suggested by recent experimental observations on thin-film copper electrodeposits. Results of molecular-dynamics calculations on the elastic behavior of nanorods, chains of nanospheres, and self-assembled arrays of nanospheres are presented; an embedded-atom model potential incorporating substantial elastic anisotropy was used. The variety of geometries modeled helped to distinguish between effects of elastic anisotropy and effects of morphology. The results show that a self-assembled aggregate of spheres has a Young's modulus tens of percent lower than bulk material, while its density is only a few percent below bulk. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM read@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 1 AR 013522 DI 10.1063/1.1819978 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 893DU UT WOS:000226700300030 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Howard, K Gourley, JJ AF Zhang, J Howard, K Gourley, JJ TI Constructing three-dimensional multiple-radar reflectivity mosaics: Examples of convective storms and stratiform rain echoes SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOPPLER OBSERVATIONS; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; VELOCITY RETRIEVAL; WEATHER RADAR; WSR-88D; TORNADO; TEXAS AB The advent of Internet-2 and effective data compression techniques facilitates the economic transmission of base-level radar data from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network to users in real time. The native radar spherical coordinate system and large volume of data make the radar data processing a nontrivial task, especially when data from several radars are required to produce composite radar products. This paper investigates several approaches to remapping and combining multiple-radar reflectivity fields onto a unified 3D Cartesian grid with high spatial (less than or equal to1 km) and temporal (less than or equal to5 min) resolutions. The purpose of the study is to find an analysis approach that retains physical characteristics of the raw reflectivity data with minimum smoothing or introduction of analysis artifacts. Moreover, the approach needs to be highly efficient computationally for potential operational applications. The appropriate analysis can provide users with high-resolution reflectivity data that preserve the important features of the raw data, but in a manageable size with the advantage of a Cartesian coordinate system. Various interpolation schemes were evaluated and the results are presented here. It was found that a scheme combining a nearest-neighbor mapping on the range and azimuth plane and a linear interpolation in the elevation direction provides an efficient analysis scheme that retains high-resolution structure comparable to the raw data. A vertical interpolation is suited for analyses of convective-type echoes, while vertical and horizontal interpolations are needed for analyses of stratiform echoes, especially when large vertical reflectivity gradients exist. An automated brightband identification scheme is used to recognize stratiform echoes. When mosaicking multiple radars onto a common grid, a distance-weighted mean scheme can smooth possible discontinuities among radars due to calibration differences and can provide spatially consistent reflectivity mosaics. These schemes are computationally efficient due to their mathematical simplicity. Therefore, the 3D multiradar mosaic scheme can serve as a good candidate for providing high-spatial- and high-temporal-resolution base-level radar data in a Cartesian framework in real time. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 NR 32 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1689.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897LY UT WOS:000227006800003 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, SY TI Attenuation-based estimates of rainfall rates aloft with vertically pointing K-a-band radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; STRATUS CLOUD; WATER-CONTENT; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERS; REFLECTIVITY; RETRIEVALS AB An approach is suggested to retrieve low-resolution rainfall rate profiles and layer-averaged rainfall rates, R-a, from radar reflectivity measurements made by vertically pointing K-a-band radars. This approach is based on the effects of attenuation of radar signals in rain and takes advantage of the nearly linear relation between specific attenuation and rainfall rate at K-a-band frequencies. The variability of this relation due to temperature, details of raindrop size distributions, and the nature of rain (convective versus stratiform) is rather small (similar to10%) and contributes little to errors in rainfall rate retrievals. The main contribution to the retrieval errors comes from the uncertainty of the difference in the nonattenuated radar reflectivities in the beginning and the end of the range resolution interval. For 2- and 1-dB uncertainties in this difference, the retrieval errors due to this main contribution are less than 34% and 17%, correspondingly, for rains with R-a approximate to 10 mm h(-1) at a 1-km resolution interval. The heavier rain rates are retrieved with a better accuracy since this retrieval error contribution is proportional to 1/R-a. The retrieval accuracy can also be improved but at the expense of more coarse vertical resolutions of retrievals since the main retrieval error contribution is also proportional to the reciprocal of the resolution interval. The Mie scattering effects at K-a band results in less variability in nonattenuated reflectivities (cf. lower radar frequencies), which aids the suggested approach. Given that radar receivers are not saturated, the rainfall rates can be retrieved using cloud radars that were originally designed for measuring only nonprecipitating and weakly precipitating clouds. An important advantage of the attenuation-based retrievals of rainfall is that absolute radar calibration is not required. The inclusion of rainfall information will improve the characterization of the atmospheric column obtained with such radars used for climate research. The applications of the suggested approach are illustrated using the vertically pointing K-a-band radar measurements made during a field experiment in southern Florida. The retrieval results are in good agreement with surface estimates of rainfall rates. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Sergey.Matrosov@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1677.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897LY UT WOS:000227006800004 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D TI Matrix resin effects on selected physicochemical properties of amorphous calcium phosphate composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOACTIVE AND COMPATIBLE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; biaxial flexure strength; composites; degree of vinyl conversion; mineral ion release; polymerization shrinkage; water sorption ID BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; PHOSPHATE/METHACRYLATE COMPOSITES; REACTION-KINETICS; WATER SORPTION; BIS-GMA; HYDROXYAPATITE; SPECTROSCOPY; CONVERSION; HYBRID; ENAMEL AB Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-filled bioactive composites show promise in a number of dental applications. This study focused on polymer-filler bonding as a way to improve physicochemical properties of these composites. Photoactivated resins were formulated from ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methacryloxyethyl phthalate (MEP) with four different EBPADMA/TEGDMA mass ratios (1.0, 0.67, 0.5 and 0.25) and a constant HEMA/MEP mass ratio of 2.0. Composites were prepared with the zirconia-ACP (mass fraction 40%). Composites and copolymers were evaluated for their biaxial flexure strength (BFS), degree of vinyl conversion (DC) and water sorption (WS). Composites were also assessed for mineral ion release and polymerization shrinkage (PS). Independent of resin composition, the average BFS was 130 +/- 24 MPa for both the dry and aqueous-immersed copolymers, but was 70 11 MPa for the dry composites and 47 +/- 7 MPa for the wet composites. The average DC of all of the composites was 84 +/- 5% and showed little dependence on resin composition. The WS of both copolymers and composites was 3.2 +/- 0.6% with resin composition being a factor in only one formulation EBPADMA/TEGDMA 0.67. Overall ion release was significantly above the theoretical minimum necessary for remineralization. However, Ca ion levels were lower than that observed previously for similar composites based on resins without MEP. This is most likely due to their binding with the carboxylic acid groups of MEP. Since the DC of the copolymers and the PS of the composites both increased with decreasing EBPADMA/TEGDMA ratio in the resin, elevating the EBPADMA/TEGDMA ratio in the resin seems to be an obvious way to improve the PS of composites without adversely affecting the BFS, WS and/or ion release, while only marginally reducing the DC. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0883-9115 J9 J BIOACT COMPAT POL JI J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 29 EP 49 DI 10.1177/0883911505050082 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 886QA UT WOS:000226242200003 ER PT J AU Piegorsch, WW West, RW Pan, W Kodell, RL AF Piegorsch, WW West, RW Pan, W Kodell, RL TI Simultaneous confidence bounds for low-dose risk assessment with nonquantal data SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE benchmark dose (BMD); BMDL; low-dose extrapolation; noncentrality parameter; nonquantal dose response; safety assessment; simultaneous confidence bands ID QUANTITATIVE RESPONSES; HEALTH-RISK; T-DISTRIBUTION; MODEL; TOXICITY; LIMITS; EXTRAPOLATION; COEFFICIENT; TOXICOLOGY; TESTS AB We study the use of simultaneous confidence bounds for making low-dose inferences in quantitative risk analysis. Confidence limits are constructed for outcomes measured on a continuous scale, assuming a simple linear model for the observed response. From the simultaneous confidence bounds, simultaneous lower limits on the benchmark dose associated with a particular risk are also constructed. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. US Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Piegorsch, WW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Stat, Conte Bldg, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM piegorsc@stat.sc.edu OI Piegorsch, Walter/0000-0003-2725-5604 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01-CA76031] NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-3406 J9 J BIOPHARM STAT JI J. Biopharm. Stat. PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1081/BIP-200040804 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA 024PG UT WOS:000236207800003 PM 15702602 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI Act! 2005 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Software Review C1 NIST, PCPD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heller, SR (reprint author), NIST, PCPD, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Steve@hellers.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 211 EP 211 DI 10.1021/ci040048m PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 911DU UT WOS:000227982800026 ER PT J AU Kirstein, O Prager, M Dimeo, RM Desmedt, A AF Kirstein, O Prager, M Dimeo, RM Desmedt, A TI Rotational dynamics of methyl groups in m-xylene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; P-XYLENE; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATIONS; RELAXATION; POTENTIALS; CRYSTAL AB Methyl group dynamics of m-xylene was investigated by using incoherent inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Inelastic measurements were carried out at the high flux backscattering spectrometer HFBS at the National Institute of Standards, quasi-elastic measurements at the time-of-flight spectrometer NEAT at the Hahn-Meitner-Institute. Rotational potentials are derived which describe the tunnel splittings, first librational, and activation energies of the two inequivalent CH(3) groups. Indications for coupling of the methyl rotation to low-energy phonons have been found. The finite width of one tunneling transition at He temperature is described by direct methyl-methyl coupling. The combined results of the experiments and the calculations allow a unique assignment of rotor excitations to crystallographic sites. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Kirstein, O (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, New Illawara Rd,PMB1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM oki@ansto.gov.au NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 AR 014502 DI 10.1063/1.1829037 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 893DC UT WOS:000226698500036 PM 15638669 ER PT J AU Meier, K Laesecke, A Kabelac, S AF Meier, K Laesecke, A Kabelac, S TI Transport coefficients of the Lennard-Jones model fluid. III. Bulk viscosity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TIME-CORRELATION FUNCTIONS; KINETIC-THEORY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LIQUID ARGON; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; DENSE GASES; VOLUME VISCOSITY; CRITICAL REGION; TRIPLE-POINT AB In an extensive computer simulation study, the transport coefficients of the Lennard-Jones model fluid were determined with high accuracy from equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations. In the frame of time-correlation function theory, the generalized Einstein relations were employed to evaluate the transport coefficients. This third of a series of four papers presents the results for the bulk viscosity. With comprehensive simulation data at over 350 state points, the temperature and density dependences of the bulk viscosity are characterized in this work over a wide range of fluid states. The bulk viscosity exhibits a large critical enhancement similar to that known for the thermal conductivity, but it extends much farther into the supercritical region and can be observed even at 4.5 times the critical temperature. An investigation of the pressure-fluctuation autocorrelation functions shows that the enhancement is caused by extremely slowly decaying pressure fluctuations. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Bundeswehr Hamburg, Univ Hamburg, Inst Thermodynam, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meier, K (reprint author), Univ Bundeswehr Hamburg, Univ Hamburg, Inst Thermodynam, Holstenhofweg 85, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany. EM karsten.meier@hsuhh.de NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 1 AR 014513 DI 10.1063/1.1828040 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 893DC UT WOS:000226698500047 PM 15638680 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Schantz, MM Phinney, KW Rozzell, JD AF Tewari, YB Schantz, MM Phinney, KW Rozzell, JD TI A thermodynamic study of the ketoreductase-catalyzed reduction of 2-alkanones in non-aqueous solvents SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE acetone; 2-alkanol; 2-alkanone; EC 1. 1. 1.2; equilibrium constant; ketoreductase; 2-propanol; supercritical carbon dioxide; thermo-dynamics; transhydroxylation ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ENZYMATIC RESOLUTION; 1-DODECANOIC ACID; BUTYL ACETATE; LIPASE; ESTERIFICATION; TRANSESTERIFICATION; MEDIA; (-)-MENTHOL; ALCOHOLS AB Equilibrium constants K have been measured for the reactions (2-alkanone + 2-propanol = 2-alkanol + acetone), where 2-alkanone = 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-octanone and 2-alkanol = 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, 2-hexanol, 2-heptanol, and 2-octanol. The solvents used were n-hexane, toluene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and supercritical carbon dioxide SCCO2 (pressure P = 10.0 MPa). The temperature range was T = (288.15 to 308.27) K. Chiral analysis of the reaction products showed that the enzyme used in this study was stereoselective for the 2-octanone reaction system, i.e. only (S)-(+)-2-octanol was formed. For the reactions involving butanone, pentanone, and hexanone, the products were racemic mixtures of the respective (S)-(+)-2-alkanol and the (R)-(-)-2-alkanol. Chiral analysis showed that for the 2-heptanone reaction system, the 2-alkanol product was a mixture of (S)-(+)-2-heptanol and (R)-(-)-2-heptanol, at the respective mole fractions of 0.95 and 0.05. The equilibrium constant for the reaction system involving 2-butanone carried out in n-hexane was measured at several temperatures. For this reaction, the values for the thermodynamic reaction quantities at T = 298.15 K are: K = 0.838+/-0.013; the standard molar Gibbs free energy change Delta(r)Gdegrees(m) = (0.44 +/- 0.040) kJ . mol(-1); the standard molar enthalpy change Delta(t)Hdegrees(m) = -(1.2 +/- 1.7) kJ . mol(-1), and the standard molar entropy change Delta(r)Sdegrees(m) = -(5.5 +/- 5.7) J . K-1 . mol(-1). Interestingly, inspection of the values of the equilibrium constants for these reactions carried out in n-hexane, toluene, MTBE, and SCCO2 shows that these values are comparable and have little dependence on the solvent used to carry out the reaction. The values of the equilibrium constants decrease monotonically with increasing value of the number of carbons N-C and trend towards a limiting value of approximate to0.30 for N-C > 8. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. BioCatalyt Inc, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Tewari, YB (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; michele.schantz@nist.gov; karen.phinney@nist.gov; davidrozzell@biocatalytics.com NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.08.002 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 887JA UT WOS:000226300700013 ER PT J AU Xie, SP Xu, HM Kessler, WS Nonaka, M AF Xie, SP Xu, HM Kessler, WS Nonaka, M TI Air-sea interaction over the eastern Pacific warm pool: Gap winds, thermocline dome, and atmospheric convection SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COSTA-RICA DOME; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; PART I; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA AB High-resolution satellite observations are used to investigate air-sea interaction over the eastern Pacific warm pool. In winter, strong wind jets develop over the Gulfs of Tehuantepec, Papagayo, and Panama, accelerated by the pressure gradients between the Atlantic and Pacific across narrow passes of Central American cordillera. Patches of cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and high chlorophyll develop under these wind jets as a result of increased turbulent heat flux from the ocean and enhanced mixing across the base of the ocean mixed layer. Despite a large decrease in SST (exceeding 3degreesC in seasonal means), the cold patches associated with the Tehuantepec and Papagayo jets do not have an obvious effect on local atmospheric convection in winter since the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is located farther south. The cold patch of the Panama jet to the south. on the other hand, cuts through the winter ITCZ and breaks it into two parts. A pronounced thermocline dome develops west of the Gulf of Papagayo, with the 20degreesC isotherm only 30 in deep throughout the year. In summer when the Panama jet disappears and the other two wind jets weaken. SST is 0.5degreesC lower over this Costa Rica Dome than the background. This cold spot reduces local precipitation by half. punching a hole of 500 km in diameter in the summer ITCZ. The dome underlies a patch of open-ocean high chlorophyll. This thermocline dome is an ocean dynamic response to the positive wind curls south of the Papagayo jet, which is optimally oriented to excite ocean Rossby waves that remotely affect the ocean to the west. The meridionally oriented Tehuantepec and Panama jets, by contrast, only influence the local thermocline depth with few remote effects on SST and the atmosphere. The orographical-triggered air-sea interaction described here is a good benchmark for testing high-resolution climate models now under development. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Xie, SP (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM xie@hawaii.edu RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; Nonaka, Masami/G-3417-2014 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; NR 35 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3249.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CL UT WOS:000226838400002 ER PT J AU Zhou, ST Miller, AJ AF Zhou, ST Miller, AJ TI The interaction of the Madden-Julian oscillation and the arctic oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; PACIFIC; PROPAGATION; CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; HEIGHT AB Tropical and extratropical interactions on the intraseasonal time scale are studied in the context of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). To simplify the discussion, a high (low) MJO phase is defined as strong (suppressed) convective activity over the Indian Ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter season, a high (low) AO phase is found more likely coupled with a high (low) MJO phase. Based on the regressed patterns and composites of various dynamical fields and quantities, possible mechanisms linking the AO and the MJO are examined. The analysis indicates that the MJO influence on extratropical circulations seems more evident than the AO influence on tropical circulations. The MJO interacts with the AO through meridional dispersion of Rossby waves in the Pacific sector. The geopotential height anomaly center over the North Pacific associated with the MJO can either reinforce or offset the AO Pacific action center. As a result, the AO pattern can be greatly affected by the MJO. When the AO and the MJO are in the same (opposite) phase, the Pacific action center becomes much stronger (weaker) than the Atlantic action center. The eddy momentum transports associated with the MJO in the Pacific sector are closely related to the retraction and extension of tropical Pacific easterlies and the subtropical Asian-Pacific jet. Because of its large scale, this regional effect is also reflected in the zonal mean state of wave transport and wave forcing on zonal wind, which in turn affects the phase of the AO. C1 NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhou, ST (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, W-NP53,Room 808,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM shuntain.zhou@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1175/JCLI3251.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CL UT WOS:000226838400012 ER PT J AU Rodionov, SN Overland, JE Bond, NA AF Rodionov, SN Overland, JE Bond, NA TI The Aleutian low and winter climatic conditions in the Bering Sea. Part I: Classification SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION PATTERNS; NORTH PACIFIC; TELECONNECTION PATTERNS; ICE COVER; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; BASIN; FISH; PRECIPITATION AB The Aleutian low is examined as a primary determinant of surface air temperature (SAT) variability in the Bering Sea during the winter [December-January-February-March (DJFM)] months. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method is used to classify five types of atmospheric circulation for anomalously warm months (W1 -W5) and cold months (CI-C5). For the Bering Sea, changes in the position of the Aleutian low are shown to be more important than changes in its central pressure. The first two types, W1 and C1, account for 51% of the "warm" and 37% of the "cold" months. The W1-type pattern is characterized by the anomalously deep Aleutian low shifted west and north of its mean position. In this situation, an increased cyclonic activity occurs in the western Bering Sea. The C1 -type pattern represents a split Aleutian low with one center in the northwestern Pacific and the other in the Gulf of Alaska. The relative frequency of the W1 to C1 types of atmospheric circulation varies on decadal time scales, which helps to explain the predominance of fluctuations on these time scales in the weather of the Bering Sea. Previous work has noted the prominence of multidecadal variability in the North Pacific. The present study finds multidecadal variations in frequencies of the W3 and C3 patterns, both of which are characterized by increased cyclonic activity south of 51degreesN. In general, the CART method is found to be a suitable means for characterizing the wintertime atmospheric circulation of the North Pacific in terms of its impact on the Bering Sea. The results show that similar pressure anomaly patterns for the North Pacific as a whole can actually result in different conditions for the Bering Sea, and that similar weather conditions in the Bering Sea can arise from decidedly different large-scale pressure patterns. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Rodionov, SN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sergei.rodionov@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 160 EP 177 DI 10.1175/JCLI3253.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 895CL UT WOS:000226838400013 ER PT J AU Gagliardini, DA Aliotta, S Dogliotti, AI Clemente-Colon, P AF Gagliardini, DA Aliotta, S Dogliotti, AI Clemente-Colon, P TI Identification of bed forms through ERS SAR images in San Matias Gulf, Argentina SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bed forms; synthetic aperture radar; satellite remote sensing ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; WAVES; MODEL AB The European Space Agency (ESA) funded two projects in 1991 and 1994 concerning the observation of the Argentine coastal environment with synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Studies were carried out for the periods 1992-1994 and 1994-1997. Several ERS-1/2 satellite SAR images were acquired over the San Matias Gulf in the Patagonian coast during these two periods. SAR is a side-looking imaging radar that operates from either a satellite or an aircraft. The instrument emits a series microwave pulses toward the earth in a direction perpendicular to the flight path. Imagery is constructed from the strength and time delay of the returned signals, which depend primarily on the roughness and dielectric properties of the surface under observation and the distance from the radar. Ocean surface roughness wave-like patterns, imaged as a series of bright and dark linear features by SAR, are persistently observed over the San Matias Gulf mouth region. A total of thirty-three (33) ERS-1/2 SAR images (100 km X 100 km) from 15 different orbits from 1992 to 2000 were analyzed. This series of observations has allowed for a detailed examination of the location, persistence, and the conditions involved in the imaging of the observed wavelike patterns. Very strong tidal currents of the order of 2 m/s characterize the gulf region. The characteristics of recurrent surface patterns in the SAR images indicate that they are caused by the interaction of the tidal currents with bed forms in the bottom topography of the gulf. The location of these bed forms is poorly documented in the available bathymetric charts of the region. The SAR images show the significant potential that satellite radar observations have as a tool for detecting unmapped coastal ocean bottom features, particularly, where bathymetric mapping activities can be extremely difficult, dangerous, or costly. C1 Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Argentino Oceanog, UNS, Complejo CRIBABB, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. US Dept Commerce, NOAA Sci Ctr, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Gagliardini, DA (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Pabellon IAFE,CC67,Suc 28, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM agaglia@iafe.uba.ar; gmaliott@criba.edu.ar; adogliotti@iafe.uba.ar; Pablo.Clemente-Colon@noaa.gov RI Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.2112/02034.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 897ET UT WOS:000226987500016 ER PT J AU Pappas, DP Nazarov, AV Stevenson, D Voran, S Read, ME Gormley, EM Cash, J Marr, K Ryan, JJ AF Pappas, DP Nazarov, AV Stevenson, D Voran, S Read, ME Gormley, EM Cash, J Marr, K Ryan, JJ TI Second-harmonic magnetoresistive imaging to authenticate and recover data from magnetic storage media SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security CY NOV, 2000 CL Boston, MD SP SPIE ID HEAD; TAPE AB A scanning magnetoresistive (MR) microscope is developed for high-resolution imaging of magnetic tapes and digital media. Second-harmonic detection is used to remove thermal anomalies. We are able to image sufficient lengths of tape for authentication purposes and for data recovery from damaged samples. The second-harmonic technique provides high-contrast magnetic images of the magnetic storage media using high-resolution MR sensors from commercial hard disk drives. These images can be directly converted into the originally recorded analog audio waveforms or digital data. 2005 SPIE and IS&T. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Inst Telecommun Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Phys Sci Inc, Alexandria, VA 22312 USA. Natl Transportat Safety Board, Vehicle Recorders Div, Washington, DC 20594 USA. FBI Engn Res Facil, Audio Lab, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Pappas, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 AR 013015 DI 10.1117/1.1866150 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 931QX UT WOS:000229501100015 ER PT J AU Shimizu, M Dickey, JT Fukada, H Dickhoff, WW AF Shimizu, M Dickey, JT Fukada, H Dickhoff, WW TI Salmon serum 22 kDa insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) is IGFBP-1 SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN AMNIOTIC-FLUID; HEPATOMA-CELLS; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; STRIPED BASS; FACTOR-I; RAT; CORTISOL AB Western ligand blotting of salmon serum typically reveals three insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) at 22, 28 and 41 kDa. Physiologic regulation of the 22 kDa IGFBP is similar to that of mammalian IGFBP-1; it is increased in catabolic states such as fasting and stress. On the other hand, its molecular mass on Western ligand blotting is closest to mammalian IGFBP-4. The conflict between physiology and molecular mass makes it difficult to determine the identity of the 22 kDa IGFBP. This study therefore aimed to identify the 22 kDa IGFBP from protein and cDNA sequences. The 22 kDa IGFBP was purified from chinook salmon serum by a combination of IGF-affinity chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the purified protein was used to design degenerate primers. Degenerate PCR with liver template amplified a partial IGFBP cDNA, and full-length cDNA was obtained by 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The 1915-bp cDNA clone encodes a 23.8 kDa IGFBP, and its N-terminal amino-acid sequence matched that of purified 22 kDa IGFBP. Sequence comparison with six human IGFBPs revealed that it is most similar to IGFBP-1 (40% identity and 55% similarity). These findings indicate that salmon 22 kDa IGFBP is IGFBP-1. Salmon IGFBP-1 mRNA is predominantly expressed in the liver, and its expression levels appear to reflect circulating levels. The 3'-untranslated region of salmon IGFBP-1 mRNA contains four repeats of the nucleotide sequence ATTTA, which is involved in selective mRNA degradation. In contrast, amino-acid sequence analysis revealed that salmon IGFBP-1 does not have an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin recognition sequence nor a Pro, Glu, Ser and Thr (PEST)-rich domain (a segment involved in rapid turnover of protein), both of which are characteristic of mammalian IGFBP-1. These findings suggest that association with the cell surface and turnover rate may differ between salmon and mammalian IGFBP-1. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shimizu, M (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM munetaka.shimizu@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 184 IS 1 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1677/joe.1.05880 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 890LY UT WOS:000226513900027 PM 15642803 ER PT J AU Key, P Delorenzo, M Gross, K Chung, K Clum, A AF Key, P Delorenzo, M Gross, K Chung, K Clum, A TI Toxicity of the mosquito control pesticide Scourge((R)) to adult and larval grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE mosquito control insecticide; grass shrimp; estuarine; synergist ID 3 LIFE STAGES; LETHAL; RESMETHRIN; EXPOSURE AB This study investigated the toxicity of various concentrations of technical resmethrinand Scourges on adult and larval Palaemonetes pugio, a common grass shrimp species. Two types of tests were conducted for each of the resmethrin formulations using adult and larval grass shrimp life stages, a 96-h static renewal aqueous test without sediment, and a 24-h static nonrenewal aqueous test with sediment. For resmethrin, the 96-h aqueous LC50 value for adult shrimp was 0.53 mu g/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.60 mu g/L), and for larval shrimp was 0.35 mu g/L (95% CI: 0.28-0.42 mu g/L). In the presence of sediment, technical resmethrin produced a 24-h LC50 value for adult shrimp of 5.44 mu g/L (95% CI: 4.52-6.55 mu g/L), and for larval shrimp of 2.15 mu g/L (95% CI: 1.35-3.43 mu g/L). For Scourge((R)), the 96-h aqueous LC50 for adult shrimp was 2.08 mg/L (95% CI: 1.70-2.54 mu g/L), and for larval shrimp was 0.36 mu g/L (95% CI: 0.24-0.55 mu g/L). The 24-h sediment test yielded an LC50 value of 16.12 mu g/L (95% CI: 14.79-17.57 mu g/L) for adult shrimp, and 14.16 mu g/L (95% CI: 12.21-16.43 mu g/L) for larvae. Adjusted LC50 values to reflect the 18% resmethrin concentration in Scourge((R)) are 0.37 mu g/L (adult), 0.07 mu g/L (larvae) for the 96-h aqueous test, and 2.90 mu g/L (adult), 2.6 mu g/L (larvae) for the 24-h sediment test. Larval grass shrimp were more sensitive to technical resmethrin and Scourges than the adult life stage. The results also demonstrate that synergized resmethrin is more toxic to P. pugio than the nonsynergized form, and that the presence of sediment decreases the toxicity of both resmethrin and Scourges. C1 Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Key, P (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Pete.Key@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1081/PFC-200061552 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 947DE UT WOS:000230622800007 PM 16047881 ER PT J AU Davis, MW AF Davis, MW TI Behaviour impairment in captured and released sablefish: ecological consequences and possible substitute measures for delayed discard mortality SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE condition; delayed mortality; discard; infection; physiology; predation ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; PACIFIC HALIBUT; COHO SALMON; COD-END; FISH; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; NET; SURVIVAL AB Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria aged 1+ and 2+ years were towed for 4 11 in it net. transferred to air for either 15 or 30 min, and then held in tanks for up to 35 days for observation of physical injury, immediate mortality. behaviour impairment, delayed mortality and total mortality. Behaviour was impaired for at least 3 It and returned to normal levels by 24 It after stress induction. Behaviour impairment was correlated with delayed mortality in 2+ year fish but not in 1+ year fish which showed greater variation in stress responses. The results of this Study and a review of past discard and escapee studies showed that substitute measures for delayed mortality in the field should include physical in jury and behaviour impairment. These two measures integrate the effects of capture-related stressors which can produce and magnify physical and physiological injury, resulting in changes in fish condition and delayed mortality. (C) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM michael.w.davis@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 66 IS 1 BP 254 EP 265 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00602.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 893RR UT WOS:000226737400018 ER PT J AU Coble, MD Butler, JM AF Coble, MD Butler, JM TI Characterization of new MiniSTR loci to aid analysis of degraded DNA SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; DNA typing; degraded DNA; STR; miniSTR; D1S1677; D2S441; D4S2364; DIOS1248; D14S1434; D22S1045 ID TANDEM REPEAT LOCI; FORENSIC APPLICATIONS; MULTIPLEX SYSTEM; VALIDATION; CASEWORK; POPULATIONS; SAMPLES; STRS; PCR AB A number of studies have demonstrated that successful analysis of degraded DNA specimens from mass disasters or forensic evidence improves with smaller sized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. We have scanned the literature for new STR loci, unlinked from the CODIS markers, which can generate amplicons less than 125 bp in size and would therefore be helpful in testing degraded DNA samples. New PCR primers were designed and tested for the STR loci DIS1677, D2S441, D4S2364, D10S1248, D14S1434, and D22S1045, arranged into two miniSTR triplexes. All loci show a moderate degree of polymorphism among 474 U.S. population samples tested and were reliable and sensitive to at least 100 pg of DNA template under controlled laboratory conditions and pristine DNA samples. The utility of these new loci were confirmed in comparing the success of the miniSTR assays for typing degraded bone samples while partial profiles were observed with the majority of the samples using a commercial STR kit. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coble, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.coble@nist.gov RI Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010; Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 38 TC 156 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 885WG UT WOS:000226187400007 PM 15830996 ER PT J AU Peacor, SD Pangle, KL Vanderploeg, HA AF Peacor, SD Pangle, KL Vanderploeg, HA TI Behavioral response of Lake Michigan Daphnia mendotae to Mysis relicta SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Daphnia mendotae; Mysis relicta; Lake Michigan; vertical migration; phenotypic plasticity; kairomone ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; PREDATOR-AVOIDANCE; GROUP-SIZE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; INVERTEBRATE PREDATORS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; FOOD-WEB; ZOOPLANKTON AB We performed laboratory experiments to determine if Mysis relicta induce changes in the behavior of Daphnia mendotae collected from Lake Michigan. Laboratory results indicate that Daphnia perceived Mysis kairomones and responded by changing their vertical position in cylinders. Experiments using different resource levels, and two procedures to examine the potential effects of the chemical cues from Mysis or from particulate matter or bacteria associated with capture and defecation of prey, suggest that Daphnia detect Mysis via a chemical cue. This is the first laboratory study that we are aware of that indicates that a zooplankton species from the Great Lakes responds behaviorally to an invertebrate predator. Our findings support the hypothesis that changes in vertical distribution of zooplankton associated with changes in invertebrate predator density, observed in previous Great Lakes studies, is due to behavioral responses to reduce predation risk. It is important to understand and quantify such responses, because predator-induced changes in prey behavior represent trait-mediated interactions that can potentially strongly affect prey growth rates, and indirectly affect resources, competitors, and predators of the prey. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Peacor, SD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Peacor@msu.edu NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 2 BP 144 EP 154 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 943JX UT WOS:000230350800003 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Hondorp, DW Desorcie, TJ Holuszko, JD AF Madenjian, CP Hondorp, DW Desorcie, TJ Holuszko, JD TI Sculpin community dynamics in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE deepwater sculpin; food web; predation; restoration; slimy sculpin; species invasions ID DEEP-WATER SCULPIN; MYOXOCEPHALUS-THOMPSONI; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; PREDATION; TROUT; DIET; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION AB Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dynamics of sympatric populations of deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). The first hypothesis is that slimy sculpins negatively affect survival of deepwater sculpins, and therefore deepwater sculpins coexist with slimy sculpins only when a keystone predator, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), is abundant. According to the second hypothesis, changes in the abundances of the sculpins are driven by interactions with fishes other than sculpins. To evaluate both hypotheses, we applied regression analyses to long-term observations on abundances of both sculpin populations in Lake Michigan during 1973-2002. For slimy sculpin abundance, we considered the predation effect by lake trout and the effect of deepwater sculpins on slimy sculpins. For deepwater sculpin abundance, we considered the effect of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) on deepwater sculpins, the predation effect by burbot (Lota Iota), and the effect of slimy sculpins on deepwater sculpins. An information criterion was used to select the best regression model explaining the temporal trends. The best model to explain trends in slimy sculpin abundance was the model that included the lake trout predation term only. The best model to explain trends in deepwater sculpin abundance was a model including the alewife and burbot predation terms. Thus, a negative effect of slimy sculpins on deepwater sculpins was not essential in capturing the sculpin community dynamics. Therefore, our results supported the second hypothesis. Further, our results supported the contention that control of the alewife population was a prerequisite for restoration of deepwater sculpin populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Coooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 972AC UT WOS:000232425200003 ER PT J AU Cardenas, MP Schwab, DJ Eadie, BJ AF Cardenas, MP Schwab, DJ Eadie, BJ TI Sediment transport model validation in Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; Lake Michigan; resuspension ID PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; COMBINED WAVE; RESUSPENSION; RIVER; SAGINAW; TRAP; FOX AB A multiple sediment type, three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was applied to Lake Michigan to simulate conditions during the Spring 2000 resuspension event. Model predictions were compared to data gathered by the EEGLE project including turbidity and downward mass flux. The model predictions for turbidity compared well to observed data, especially in capturing the distinctive peaks in turbidity due to advection that occurred in the area of the resuspension feature. The advection peaks seemed tied to the presence of a highly-resuspendable pool of sediments that was transported by weaker winds during early Spring 2000. The model predictions at depths of 40 m in the area of the resuspension feature were more problematic, as the observed data in one location showed a significant turbidity peak at the time of maximum winds. The model underestimated turbidity at that particular location, yet model predictions of a very similar turbidity peak were seen at a similar depth. The different turbidity predictions at these locations were due to underestimation of offshore flow by the hydrodynamic model. The model generally underestimated downward mass flux, though the predictions for the time-intervals that included the time of peak winds and the following week were good to excellent. These intervals generally showed the highest downward mass flux. This work highlights the importance of multiple sediment types, their associated critical shear stresses for resuspension, and the presence of a very easily resuspendable sediment layer. The availability of comprehensive data set was also important. C1 Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Cardenas, MP (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, 301 E 12th St, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM mary_cardenas@hmc.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 373 EP 385 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 000VT UT WOS:000234491200001 ER PT J AU Mason, DM Johnson, TB Harvey, CS Kitchell, JF Schram, ST Bronte, CR Hoff, MH Lozano, SJ Trebitz, AS Schreiner, DR Lamon, EC Hrabik, T AF Mason, DM Johnson, TB Harvey, CS Kitchell, JF Schram, ST Bronte, CR Hoff, MH Lozano, SJ Trebitz, AS Schreiner, DR Lamon, EC Hrabik, T TI Hydroacoustic estimates of abundance and spatial distribution of pelagic prey fishes in western Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydroacoustics; Lake Superior; lake herring; rainbow smelt; coregonines ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; TARGET-STRENGTH; RAINBOW-SMELT; MICHIGAN; TROUT; PATTERNS; PLANKTIVORES; RESTORATION; PREDATION; DEMAND AB Lake herring (Coregonus artedi) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) are a valuable prey resource for the recovering lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior. However, prey biomass may be insufficient to support the current predator demand. In August 1997, we assessed the abundance and spatial distribution of pelagic coregonines and rainbow smelt in western Lake Superior by combining a 120 kHz split beam acoustics system with midwater trawls. Coregonines comprised the majority of the midwater trawl catches and the length distributions for trawl caught fish coincided with estimated sizes of acoustic targets. Overall mean pelagic prey fish biomass was 15.56 kg ha(-1) with the greatest fish biomass occurring in the Apostle Islands region (27.98 kg ha(-1)), followed by the Duluth Minnesota region (20.22 kg ha(-1)), and with the lowest biomass occurring in the open waters of western Lake Superior (9.46 kg ha(-1)). Biomass estimates from hydroacoustics were typically 2-134 times greater than estimates derived from spring bottom trawl surveys. Prey fish biomass for Lake Superior is about order of magnitude less than acoustic estimates for Lakes Michigan and Ontario. Discrepancies observed between bioenergetics-based estimates of predator consumption of coregonines and earlier coregonine biomass estimates may be accounted for by our hydroacoustic estimates. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Fisheries Stn, Wheatley, ON N0P 2P0, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bayfield, WI 54814 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fisheries, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Levine Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Mason, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Doran.Mason@noaa.gov OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2005 VL 31 IS 4 BP 426 EP 438 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 000VT UT WOS:000234491200006 ER PT J AU Hong, JI Sankar, S Berkowitz, AE Egelhoff, WF AF Hong, JI Sankar, S Berkowitz, AE Egelhoff, WF TI On the perpendicular anisotropy of Co/Pd multilayers SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; multilayers; interfacial alloy ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; FILMS; ALLOY; PD; MAGNETOSTRICTION; FERROMAGNETISM; COBALT AB The two principal mechanisms for explaining the perpendicular anisotropy in Co-Pd multilayers were investigated. These mechanisms are the broken symmetry at sharp Co surfaces, and the magnetostriction of interfacial Co-Pd alloys under stress due to epitaxy with Pd. The approach was to examine multilayers in which the Co component was intentionally alloyed with different amounts of the Pd, keeping the total amount of Co and Pd constant. The multilayers were deposited both at room temperature, at which thermally activated interfacial intermixing augmented the intentional alloying, and at 77 K where. sharper interfaces reflecting the intentional alloying were expected. Comparison of the properties of these two sets of multilayers clearly indicated that stressed interfacial alloying is the dominant mechanism. Low-temperature measurements supported the alloying model. and the presence of polarized Pd. Furthermore, the hard-axis magnetization was modeled with a distribution of local perpendicular anisotropies which reflect local composition variations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hong, JI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM juhong@ucsd.edu RI HONG, JUNG-IL/B-8566-2008 OI HONG, JUNG-IL/0000-0001-7301-6693 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 285 IS 3 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.07.054 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 885VQ UT WOS:000226185700007 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Soles, CL Wang, CY Prabhu, VM McGuiggan, PM Douglas, JF Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, SK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Vogt, BD Soles, CL Wang, CY Prabhu, VM McGuiggan, PM Douglas, JF Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, SK Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M TI Water immersion of model photoresists: interfacial influences on water concentration and surface morphology SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE immersion lithography; microlithography; water; reflectivity ID ADSORPTION; FILMS; LITHOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; SILICA AB The emergence of immersion lithography as a potential alternative for the extension of current lithography tools requires a fundamental understanding of the interactions between the photoresist and an immersion liquid such as water. The water concentration depth profile within the immersed photoresist films is measured with neutron reflectometry. The polymer/substrate interface affects both the water concentration near the interface and the surface morphology of the film. Immersed films are not stable (adhesive failure) over the course of hours when supported on a silicon wafer with a native oxide surface, but are stable when the substrate is first treated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The bulk of the polymer films swells to the equilibrium water concentration, however, a gradient in water concentration is observed near the polymer/HMDS substrate interface with a concentration of approximately 17% by volume fraction and extending up to 50 A into the film. Thus, polymers that absorb more than this amount exhibit depletion near the interface, whereas polymers that absorb less exhibit a water excess layer. These concentration gradients extend approximately, 50 A away from the interface into the film. As the total film thickness approaches this length scale, the substrate-induced concentration gradients lead to a film-thickness-dependent swelling; enhanced or suppressed swelling is witnessed for the excess or depleted interfacial concentrations, respectively. The substrate also influences the surface morphology of immersed thin films. The film surface is smooth for the HMDS-treated substrate, but pin-hole defects with an average radius of 19 9 nm are formed in the films supported on the native oxide substrates. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurol Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McGuiggan, Patricia/A-3379-2010; Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JAN-MAR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 AR 013003 DI 10.1117/1.1861852 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 977ZJ UT WOS:000232841700009 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST Ye, J AF Cundiff, ST Ye, J TI Phase stabilization of mode-locked lasers SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ITAMP/FOCUS Workshop on Attoscience CY NOV, 2003 CL Harvard Smithsonian Observ, Cambridge, MA HO Harvard Smithsonian Observ ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; MICROSTRUCTURE OPTICAL-FIBERS; SUBFEMTOSECOND TIMING JITTER; RAMAN SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; PULSE GENERATION; ACTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; FEMTOSECOND LASERS; PICOSECOND LASERS; CARRIER PHASE AB We present results on carrier-envelope phase stabilization of mode-locked lasers. The carrier-envelope phase of femtosecond optical pulses becomes important when they are used to probe attosecond physics. We demonstrate that long-term carrier-envelope phase stability is possible to achieve. Using phase-stable lasers it is possible to combine the output of different lasers phase coherently. It is also possible to load them phase coherently into a cavity, yielding the prospect of high-intensity experiments without an amplifier. Finally, we present quantum interference control of injected currents in semiconductors, which provides a solid-state phase detector of the carrier-envelope phase. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu; ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 219 DI 10.1080/09500340412331303252 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 890OI UT WOS:000226520300004 ER PT J AU Burnett, JH AF Burnett, JH TI Optical materials for immersion lithography SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immersion lithography; oxides; high index materials; hyper NA ID 193 NM; INDEX AB 193 nm immersion lithography optical projection systems using conventional UV optical materials and water as the immersion fluid, with planar lens/fluid interfaces, have a practical numerical aperture (NA) limit near 1.3. Higher-index resists and immersion fluids are being developed, but the bottleneck for pushing the NA further is the relatively small refractive index of the final lens element material. In this paper we consider the possibility of using novel high-index materials in the last lens element to get around this bottleneck and to push the NA limit to at least 1.5, while containing the lens system size and complexity. We discuss four classes of high-index (n > 1.8), wide-band-gap, oxide-based materials that have the potential for being fabricated with optical properties appropriate for lithography optics: group-II oxides, magnesium-aluminum-spinel-related materials, ceramic forms of spinel, and aluminum garnets. We present measurements of the optical properties of these materials, including intrinsic birefringence, and we assess their prospects. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burnett, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.2494/photopolymer.18.655 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 939TN UT WOS:000230095400015 ER PT J AU Travis, JC Acosta, JC Andor, G Bastie, J Blattner, P Chunnilall, CJ Crosson, SC Duewer, DL Early, EA Hengstberger, F Kim, CS Liedquist, L Manoocheri, F Mercader, F Monard, LAG Nevas, S Mito, A Nilsson, M Noel, M Rodriguez, AC Ruiz, A Schirmacher, A Smith, MV Valencia, G van Tonder, N Zwinkels, J AF Travis, JC Acosta, JC Andor, G Bastie, J Blattner, P Chunnilall, CJ Crosson, SC Duewer, DL Early, EA Hengstberger, F Kim, CS Liedquist, L Manoocheri, F Mercader, F Monard, LAG Nevas, S Mito, A Nilsson, M Noel, M Rodriguez, AC Ruiz, A Schirmacher, A Smith, MV Valencia, G van Tonder, N Zwinkels, J TI Intrinsic wavelength standard absorption bands in holmium oxide solution for UV/visible molecular absorption spectrophotometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE certified wavelengths; holmium oxide solution; intrinsic standards; molecular absorption; reference materials; spectral convolution; UV/visible spectrophotometry; wavelength standards ID HYPERSENSITIVE TRANSITIONS; COMPLEXES; NEODYMIUM; IONS; HO3; ND3; ER3 AB The transmittance minima of 18 absorption bands of a solution of 40 g/L holmium oxide in 10% (volume fraction) perchloric acid are certified as intrinsic traceable wavelength standards, by means of a multicenter measurement on material from a single source coupled with comparisons of a variety of preparations of the material evaluated on a single instrument. Fit-for-purpose artifact standards for the experimental calibration or validation of wavelength scales of chemical spectrophotometers can be carefully produced by end users themselves or by commercial standards producers. The intrinsic (data) standard confers traceability to the SI unit of length in place of costly transfer artifacts and repetitive calibration procedures. Certified values are provided for instrumental spectral bandwidths of 0.1-3.0 nm in 0.1 nm intervals, and information values are provided to a spectral bandwidth of 10 nm at wider intervals. Expanded uncertainties are typically less than +/- 0.1 nm for certified band positions. (C) 2005 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, IFA, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. OMH, Alapmeresek Foosztaly 1, H-1535 Budapest, Hungary. Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, Inst Natl Metrol, F-75003 Paris, France. Swiss Fed Off Metrol & Accreditat, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. Natl Phys Lab, Opt Radiat Metrol Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIR, Natl Metrol Lab, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. KRISS, Photometry & Radiometry Grp, Yusong Taejon 304600, South Korea. SP Swedish Natl Testing & Res Inst, SE-50115 Boras, Sweden. Helsinki Univ Technol, Metrol Res Inst, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. CENAM, Div Mat Met, Queretaro 76900, Mexico. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, NMIJ, Div Time & Frequency, Tsukuba 3058563, Japan. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Biomed Engn Dept C2 67, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Photometry & Radiometry Grp, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. CENAM, Area Fis, Queretaro 76240, Mexico. PTB Braunschweig, Div Opt 4, Working Grp Spectrometry 4 51, DE-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CENAM, Div Opt & Radiometria, Queretaro 76900, Mexico. RP Travis, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.travis@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008; Campos-Acosta, Joaquin/B-2119-2008 OI Campos-Acosta, Joaquin/0000-0001-6527-1440 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 41 EP 56 DI 10.1063/1.1835331 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 919QR UT WOS:000228633200004 ER PT J AU Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT AF Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT TI A new functional form and new fitting techniques for equations of state with application to pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE caloric properties; density; equation of state; fundamental equation; HFC-125; pentafluoroethane; R-125; thermodynamic properties ID INTERNATIONAL STANDARD EQUATION; TRIPLE-POINT TEMPERATURE; PHASE PVT PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; OF-STATE; LIQUID DENSITIES; FLUID REGION; MELTING LINE; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS AB A widely used form of an equation of state explicit in Helmholtz energy has been modified with new terms to eliminate certain undesirable characteristics in the two phase region. Modern multiparameter equations of state exhibit behavior in the two phase that is inconsistent with the physical behavior of fluids. The new functional form overcomes this dilemma and results in equations of state for pure fluids that are more fundamentally consistent. With the addition of certain nonlinear fitting constraints, the new equation now achieves proper phase stability, i.e., only one solution exists for phase equilibrium at a given state. New fitting techniques have been implemented to ensure proper extrapolation of the equation at low temperatures, in the vapor phase at low densities, and at very high temperatures and pressures. A formulation is presented for the thermodynamic properties of refrigerant 125 (pentafluoroethane, CHF2-CF3) using the new terms and fitting techniques. The equation of state is valid for temperatures from the triple point temperature (172.52 K) to 500 K and for pressures up to 60 MPa. The formulation can be used for the calculation of all thermodynamic properties, including density, heat capacity, speed of sound, energy, and saturation properties. Comparisons to available experimental data are given that establish the accuracy of calculated properties. The estimated uncertainties of properties calculated using the new equation are 0.1% in density, 0.5% in heat capacities, 0.05% in the vapor phase speed of sound at pressures less than 1 MPa, 0.5% in the speed of sound elsewhere, and 0.1% in vapor pressure. Deviations in the critical region are higher for all properties except vapor pressure. (C) 2005 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ericl@boulder.nist.gov NR 84 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 69 EP 108 DI 10.1063/1.1797813 PG 40 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 919QR UT WOS:000228633200006 ER PT J AU Neta, P Grodkowski, J AF Neta, P Grodkowski, J TI Rate constants for reactions of phenoxyl radicals in solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE phenoxyl radicals; rate constants; reaction kinetics; semiquinone radicals ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB Absolute rate constants for reactions of phenoxyl radicals in solution have been compiled and evaluated from the literature (172 citations). Rate constants are included for phenoxyl radicals bearing various substituents, including semiquinone radicals and radical ions, as well as aroxyl radicals derived from polycyclic aromatic compounds. The reactions tabulated include self-reactions of the radicals, reactions with other radicals, reactions with inorganic compounds, and reactions with organic compounds. A subset of the latter group includes electron transfer reactions for which the rate constants of both the forward and the reverse reaction have been measured. The radicals were generated by radiolysis, photolysis, thermolysis, or chemical reactions, and their rate constants were determined generally by kinetic spectrophotometry or electron spin resonance. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Nucl Chem & Technol, PL-03195 Warsaw, Poland. RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pedatsur.neta@nist.gov NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2005 VL 34 IS 1 BP 109 EP 199 DI 10.1063/1.1797812 PG 91 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 919QR UT WOS:000228633200007 ER PT J AU Baulch, DL Bowman, CT Cobos, CJ Cox, RA Just, T Kerr, JA Pilling, MJ Stocker, D Troe, J Tsang, W Walker, RW Warnatz, J AF Baulch, DL Bowman, CT Cobos, CJ Cox, RA Just, T Kerr, JA Pilling, MJ Stocker, D Troe, J Tsang, W Walker, RW Warnatz, J TI Evaluated kinetic data for combustion modeling: Supplement II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE chemical kinetics; combustion; data evaluation; gas phase; rate constant ID ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; PHOTOLYSIS-SHOCK-TUBE; PRODUCT BRANCHING RATIOS; RELATIVE RATE CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-STATE-THEORY; HIGH-PRESSURE RANGE AB This compilation updates and expands two previous evaluations of kinetic data on elementary, homogeneous, gas phase reactions of neutral species involved in combustion systems [J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 21, 411 (1992); 23, 847 (1994)]. The work has been carried out under the auspices of the IUPAC Commission on Chemical Kinetics and the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Individual data sheets are presented for most reactions but the kinetic data for reactions of C-2, C, ethyl, i-propyl, t-butyl, and allyl radicals are summarized in tables. Each data sheet sets out relevant thermodynamic data, experimental kinetic data, references, recommended rate parameters with their error limits and a brief discussion of the reasons for their selection. Where appropriate the data are displayed on an Arrhenius diagram or by fall-off curves. Tables summarizing the recommended rate data and the thermodynamic data for the reactant and product species are given, and their sources referenced. As in the previous evaluations the reactions considered relate largely to the combustion in air of organic compounds containing up to three carbon atoms and simple aromatic compounds. Thus the data base has been expanded, largely by dealing with a substantial number of extra reactions within these general areas. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Chem, INIFTA, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. NIST, Chem Kinet Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Hull, Sch Chem, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. Univ Heidelberg, IWR, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Baulch, DL (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 2393 TC 627 Z9 632 U1 21 U2 183 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 757 EP 1397 DI 10.1063/1.1748524 PG 641 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 956OV UT WOS:000231310600001 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R Clark, SB Parry, SJ Choppin, GR Danesi, PR Rossbach, M Williamson, C Chai, ZF Heller-Zeisler, SF AF Zeisler, R Clark, SB Parry, SJ Choppin, GR Danesi, PR Rossbach, M Williamson, C Chai, ZF Heller-Zeisler, SF TI Nuclear science manpower and education panel SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 07-11, 2003 CL Kailua Kona, HI AB The MARC VI conference served as an excellent setting for a session organized to present and discuss the problems in nuclear science manpower and education. A panel discussion and contributed papers reflected the world-wide situation. This paper presents the major points of the panel discussion. As a result, a resolution on the current situation of nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry was drafted and endorsed by the conference attendees. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ S Carolina, Res & Educ Fdn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 263 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0020-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 897XM UT WOS:000227040200018 ER EF