FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Hughes, SM Anderson, DZ AF Hughes, Steven M. Anderson, Dana Z. GP IEEE TI Doubly Modulated Interferometry For Trace Gas Detection SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A double modulation scheme enhances low-frequency trace-gas-induced path-length changes in a miniature (2 cm(3)) adaptive interferometer. Path-length sensitivity is 0.2 pm/root Hz while ethanol vapor sensitivity is 2 ppm/root Hz. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Hughes, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hughes, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dana@Jila.colorado.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000108 ER PT B AU Newbury, NR Swann, WC AF Newbury, N. R. Swann, W. C. GP IEEE TI Fiber-laser frequency combs SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; PHASE; NOISE; LINEWIDTHS; METROLOGY; JITTER AB We discuss the contributions to the linewidth and frequency noise of the individual modes of a mode-locked fiber laser. Much of this noise can be suppressed through feedback to form a stable frequency comb. C1 [Newbury, N. R.; Swann, W. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000122 ER PT B AU Coddington, I Lorini, L Swann, WC Bergquist, JC Le Coq, Y Oates, CW Quraishi, Q Stalnaker, J Diddams, SA Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Lorini, L. Swann, W. C. Bergquist, J. C. Le Coq, Y. Oates, C. W. Quraishi, Q. Stalnaker, J. Diddams, S. A. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Multi-octave optical coherence spanning hundreds of meters SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER FREQUENCY COMBS; LINEWIDTHS; FIBER AB We demonstrate coherent transfer of optical signals with radian level noise (in a 3.5 MHz bandwidth) through a series of laser systems spanning from 657 nm to 1535 nm and several hundred meter distances. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Coddington, I.; Lorini, L.; Swann, W. C.; Bergquist, J. C.; Le Coq, Y.; Oates, C. W.; Quraishi, Q.; Stalnaker, J.; Diddams, S. A.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway MS 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 432 EP 433 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000218 ER PT B AU Kobayashi, Y Yoshitomi, D Torizuka, K Fortier, T Diddams, S AF Kobayashi, Yohei Yoshitomi, Dai Torizuka, Kenji Fortier, Tara Diddams, Scott GP IEEE TI Sub 6-fs Pulses Generated from a Broadband 1-GHz Ti:sapphire Oscillator SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; REPETITION RATE AB We demonstrate 5.6 fs pulses from an compact and simple 1-GHz Ti:sapphire ring laser. These are the shortest pulses generated at such a high repetition rate. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Kobayashi, Yohei; Yoshitomi, Dai; Torizuka, Kenji] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Fortier, Tara; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kobayashi, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. EM y.kobayashi@aist.go.jp RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 466 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000235 ER PT B AU Swann, WC Coddington, I Lorini, L Bergquist, J Diddams, SA Newbury, NR AF Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Lorini, L. Bergquist, J. Diddams, S. A. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Residual stability of a fiber-based frequency comb SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER; LINEWIDTHS; METROLOGY AB We present measurements of the residual frequency stability across a fiber frequency comb by comparison through a Ti:sapphire frequency comb. We find 6 x 10(-17) stability at one second and 1 x 10(-8) at 1000 seconds. C1 [Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Lorini, L.; Bergquist, J.; Diddams, S. A.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM swann@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 548 EP 549 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000276 ER PT B AU Quraishi, Q Hollberg, L Diddams, S Kobayashi, Y Torizuka, K AF Quraishi, Qudsia Hollberg, Leo Diddams, Scott Kobayashi, Yohei Torizuka, Kenji GP IEEE TI Injection-locked femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID TI-SAPPHIRE; GENERATION; PULSES; JITTER AB We demonstrate injection locking of 1 and 1.5 GHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers by a second, physically separate and independent 1 GHz laser. in some cases, both the pulse envelopes and optical carriers are locked. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Quraishi, Qudsia; Hollberg, Leo; Diddams, Scott] NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kobayashi, Yohei; Torizuka, Kenji] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Quraishi, Q (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM qudsia.quraishi@colorado.edu RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 554 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000279 ER PT B AU Feng, MM Cundiff, ST Mirin, RP Silverman, KL AF Feng, Mingming Cundiff, Steven T. Mirin, R. P. Silverman, K. L. GP IEEE TI Bistable lasing wavelength in a mode-locked two-section quantum-dot diode laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We report a two-section mode-locked quantum dot laser with an emission wavelength that is bistable with respect to applied reverse bias on the saturable absorber region. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Feng, Mingming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mirin, R. P.; Silverman, K. L.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Feng, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mingming.feng@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 973 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000489 ER PT B AU Stalnaker, JE Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Gerginov, V Le Coq, Y Mbele, V Oates, CW Ortega, D Tanner, CE Hollberg, L AF Stalnaker, J. E. Diddams, S. A. Fortier, T. M. Gerginov, V. Le Coq, Y. Mbele, V. Oates, C. W. Ortega, D. Tanner, C. E. Hollberg, L. GP IEEE TI High-Resolution Spectroscopy with Femtosecond Optical Combs SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID LASER AB A stabilized femtosecond frequency comb has similar to 10(6) stable optical modes spanning hundreds of terahertz, making it an ideal tool for high-resolution spectroscopy. We demonstrate some features of frequency-comb spectroscopy using experiments involving calcium and cesium. C1 [Stalnaker, J. E.; Diddams, S. A.; Fortier, T. M.; Gerginov, V.; Le Coq, Y.; Mbele, V.; Oates, C. W.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fortier, T. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, P 23 Phys Div MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mbele, V.] CSIR, NML, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [Ortega, D.] State Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, BR-13080973 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Tanner, C. E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Stalnaker, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1343 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001112 ER PT B AU Lehman, J Hurst, KE Radojevic, AM Dillon, AC Osgood, RM AF Lehman, John Hurst, Katherine E. Radojevic, Antonije M. Dillon, Anne C. Osgood, Richard M., Jr. GP IEEE TI Thin Film Pyrolectric Detector Coated With Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Absorptivity and Frequency Response SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; FABRICATION; LINBO3 AB The spectral responsivity (600 nm to 1800 nm) of a pyroelectric detector fabricated from crystal ion slicing (CIS) is enhanced by a MWNT coating without substantial penalty to the low-frequency response (4 to 100 Hz). Contribution of the U.S. Government, not subject to Copyright. C1 [Lehman, John; Hurst, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Radojevic, Antonije M.] Charles Stark Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Osgood, Richard M., Jr.] Columbia Univ, Microelect Sci Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1690 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001287 ER PT B AU Schafer, D Amir, W Durfee, CG Squier, J Gibson, EA Kost, L Jimenez, R AF Schafer, Dawn Amir, Wafa Durfee, Charles G. Squier, Jeff Gibson, Emily A. Kost, Lauren Jimenez, Ralph GP IEEE TI Linear, Spatio-Temporal Characterization of UV Microscope Objectives for Nonlinear Imaging and Spectroscopy SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID SYSTEMS AB Spectral interferometry coupled to numerical wave propagation is used to extract the spatial and temporal characteristics of an ultraviolet objective used for nonlinear imaging and spectroscopy. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Schafer, Dawn; Amir, Wafa; Durfee, Charles G.; Squier, Jeff] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gibson, Emily A.; Kost, Lauren; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80509 USA. RP Schafer, D (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dschafer@mines.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0454686] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DBI-0454686. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1888 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001387 ER PT B AU Diddams, SA AF Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Bigger and Better: The Critical Role of Self-Phase Modulation in Ultraprecise Optical Frequency Combs SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID NOBEL LECTURE; LASER AB Self-phase modulation (SPM) is crucial to the production and expansion of optical frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers. I will review how SPM makes bigger and better frequency combs and discuss some of their applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2078 EP 2078 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001483 ER PT B AU Fang, W Alon, G Solomon, G Cao, H AF Fang, W. Alon, G. Solomon, G. Cao, H. GP IEEE TI Directional Output from GaAs Micro-stadium Lasers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB We observed the directional output from GaAs micro-stadium lasers at low temperature, by the scatted emission on a ring enclosure structure. Our numerical simulation shows the directionality of the laser emission fit classical ray dynamics. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Fang, W.; Alon, G.; Cao, H.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Fang, W.; Solomon, G.] NIST, Atom Phys Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fang, W (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2099 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001494 ER PT B AU Menyuk, CR Wahlstrand, JK Willits, JT Smith, RP Schibli, TR Cundiff, ST AF Menyuk, Curtis R. Wahlstrand, Jared K. Willits, John T. Smith, Ryan P. Schibli, Thomas R. Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Gain Dynamics and Frequency Pulling in Mode-Locked Lasers SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID NOISE AB Observations of the response of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser to an abrupt change in pump power show that gain dynamics should be included in a complete theory of its response to perturbations. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Wahlstrand, Jared K.; Willits, John T.; Smith, Ryan P.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Menyuk, CR (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM wahlstrj@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2268 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001579 ER PT B AU Esenturk, O Melinger, JS Heilweil, EJ AF Esenturk, Okan Melinger, Joseph S. Heilweil, Edwin J. GP IEEE TI Intrinsic Photoconductivity of P3HT films Measured by Time-Resolved THz spectroscopy SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID MORPHOLOGY AB Intrinsic photoconductivities of P3HT polymers were measured and compared by using optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. The charge carrier mobility shows a clear dependence on the molecular weight and dispersion index of the polymers. C1 [Esenturk, Okan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Esenturk, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM okane@umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2743 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001822 ER PT B AU Mbele, V Stalnaker, JE Gerginov, V Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Hollberg, L Tanner, CE AF Mbele, Vela Stalnaker, Jason E. Gerginov, Vladislav Fortier, Tara M. Diddams, Scott A. Hollberg, Leo Tanner, Carol E. GP IEEE TI Direct two-photon resonant excitation and absolute frequency measurement of cesium transitions using a femtosecond comb SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB We measure the optical transition frequencies of the 6s S-2(1/2) --> 8s S-2(1/2), 9s S-2(1/2), and 7d D-2(3/2,5/2) transitions in a Cs-133 vapor cell, with an uncertainty < 100 kHz using a femtosecond laser frequency comb. C1 [Mbele, Vela; Stalnaker, Jason E.; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.; Hollberg, Leo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gerginov, Vladislav; Tanner, Carol E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Mbele, Vela] Natl Metrol Inst South Africa, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [Hollberg, Leo] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Phys, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. RP Mbele, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hollberg@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288375 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000075 ER PT B AU Oates, CW Barber, ZW Stalnaker, J Hoyt, CW Le Coq, Y Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Hollberg, L AF Oates, C. W. Barber, Z. W. Stalnaker, J. Hoyt, C. W. Le Coq, Y. Diddams, S. A. Fortier, T. M. Hollberg, L. GP IEEE TI The yb and ca standards: Approaches to high stability, high accuracy, and transportable optical atomic clocks SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS C1 [Oates, C. W.; Barber, Z. W.; Stalnaker, J.; Hoyt, C. W.; Le Coq, Y.; Diddams, S. A.; Fortier, T. M.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oates, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 149 EP 150 DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288376 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000076 ER PT B AU Wahlstrand, JK Menyuk, CR Willits, JT Schibli, TR Cundiff, ST AF Wahlstrand, Jared K. Menyuk, Curtis R. Willits, John T. Schibli, Thomas R. Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Quantitative measurement of the dynamics of a mode-locked laser SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID NOISE AB The linear response of a mode-locked laser to a perturbation of the pump power is measured quantitatively. Relaxation oscillations, frequency pulling, and nonlinear changes in the timing and phase of the pulse train are observed. C1 [Wahlstrand, Jared K.; Willits, John T.; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 159 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288381 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000081 ER PT B AU Swann, WC Lorini, L Bergquist, J Newbury, NR AF Swann, W. C. Lorini, L. Bergquist, J. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Narrow linewidth 1.5 mu m sources and the thermal limit SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID LASER FREQUENCY COMBS; PHASE; STABILIZATION; NOISE AB A measured 1 Hz linewidth between a cavity-stabilized, 1535 rim cw fiber laser and the 1535-nm tooth of a stabilized fiber frequency comb is below the thermodynamic limit of the frequency comb. C1 [Swann, W. C.; Lorini, L.; Bergquist, J.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288384 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000084 ER PT B AU Juodawlkis, PW Plant, JJ O'Donnell, FJ Schlager, JB AF Juodawlkis, Paul W. Plant, Jason J. O'Donnell, Frederick J. Schlager, John B. GP IEEE TI Slab-coupled optical waveguide devices for low-noise signal generation SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID FIBER EXTERNAL-CAVITY; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; HIGH-POWER AB We review the use of slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers (SCOWAs) in low-noise mode-locked and single-frequency lasers. We also report a new single-frequency laser cavity incorporating an Er/Yb-codoped waveguide distributed-Bragg-reflector that produces:330-mW power with 75-kHz linewidth. C1 [Juodawlkis, Paul W.; Plant, Jason J.; O'Donnell, Frederick J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Schlager, John B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Juodawlkis, PW (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM juodawlkis@ll.mit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 167 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288385 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000085 ER PT B AU Diddams, SA Weiner, AM Mbele, V Hollberg, L AF Diddams, S. A. Weiner, A. M. Mbele, V. Hollberg, L. GP IEEE TI Increasing the mode-spacing of stabilized frequency combs with optical filter cavities SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID REPETITION RATE; GENERATION; LASER AB We explore methods and limitations for increasing the mode spacing of a 1 GHz optical frequency comb using a Fabry-Perot filter cavity. Applications to optical and microwave waveform generation are highlighted. C1 [Diddams, S. A.; Weiner, A. M.; Mbele, V.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288391 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000091 ER PT B AU Williams, PA Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Williams, P. A. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Optical frequency transfer over 38 km of installed fiber at less than 3x10(-19) residual fractional instability SO 2007 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meeting 2007 CY JUL 23-25, 2007 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID HIGH-STABILITY AB We transmit a narrow-linewidth cw laser at 1535 nm across 38 km of installed fiber. Through standard Doppler-cancellation techniques, we achieve a residual fractional frequency instability of 4x10(-17) at 1 second averaging time. C1 [Williams, P. A.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0926-6 PY 2007 BP 184 EP 185 DI 10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288394 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BHB69 UT WOS:000252102000094 ER PT B AU Theofanos, M Stanton, B Micheals, R Orandi, S AF Theofanos, Mary Stanton, Brian Micheals, Ross Orandi, Shahram GP IEEE TI Biometric systematic uncertainty and the user SO 2007 FIRST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2007) CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Crystal City, VA SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc AB Often biometric technology and system evaluators are concerned with capturing accurate performance estimates that predict performance for target populations of interest. Occasionally, predictions, and perhaps adjustments, for subpopulations based on convenient characteristics such as sex or age are examined. Few experiments have been performed to explicitly study the interaction of the user and the biometric system - how a user's behavior, cognition, perception, and anthropometric qualities affect performance metrics and error estimates. This paper summarizes three studies performed in this emerging field of biometric usability. Each study focused on fingerprint recognition and the systematic uncertainty in system performance induced by different human factors. First, the effect of feedback and habituation on image quality is examined. Second, results from a study on the influence of the height of the surface upon which the fingerprint sensor is placed are presented. A summary of an experiment on the effect of instructional materials on the timing and error rates for a 10 print capture process closes the paper. C1 [Theofanos, Mary; Stanton, Brian; Micheals, Ross; Orandi, Shahram] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Theofanos, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1596-0 PY 2007 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHP81 UT WOS:000255193800002 ER PT B AU Lee, Y Podio, FL Jerde, M AF Lee, Yooyoung Podio, Fernando L. Jerde, Mark GP IEEE TI Conformance test suite for CBEFF biometric information records SO 2007 FIRST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 07) CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Crystal City, VA SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc AB Deployment of standards-based biometric technologies is expected to significantly raise levels of security for critical infrastructures that has not been possible to date with other technologies. These systems require a comprehensive set of technically sound standards that meet the customer's needs. The existence of standards alone, however, is not enough to demonstrate that products meet the technical requirements specified in the standards. Conformance testing captures the technical description of a standard and measures whether an implementation faithfully implements the standard. Conformity assessment provides confidence to users through programs that demonstrate the conformity of products to specific standards. This paper discusses a Conformance Test Suite (CTS) for Biometric Information Records (BIRs) claiming conformance to data structures specified in Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework (CBEFF) standards. The paper summarizes conformance testing procedures and criteria for testing these data structures. A conformance testing architecture and a CTS implementation developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to assess conformance to these CBEFF data structures is described. Ongoing and future work is discussed. C1 [Lee, Yooyoung; Podio, Fernando L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jerde, Mark] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yoo.lee@nist.gov; fernando.podio@nist.gov; mjerde@jdtp.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1596-0 PY 2007 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHP81 UT WOS:000255193800013 ER PT B AU Newton, EM Phillips, PJ AF Newton, Elaine M. Phillips, P. Jonathon GP IEEE TI Meta-analysis of third-party evaluations of iris recognition SO 2007 FIRST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2007) CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Crystal City, VA SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc AB Iris recognition has long been widely regarded as a highly accurate biometric, despite the lack of independent, large-scale testing of its performance. Recently, however, three third-party evaluations of iris recognition were performed. This paper compares and contrasts the results of these independent evaluations. We find that despite differences in methods, hardware, and/or software, all three studies report error rates of the same order of magnitude: observed false non-match rates (FNMRs) from 0.0122 to 0.03847 at a false match rate (FMR) of 0.001. Further, the differences between the best performers' error rates are an order of magnitude smaller than the observed error rates. C1 [Newton, Elaine M.; Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newton, EM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1596-0 PY 2007 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BHP81 UT WOS:000255193800060 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Albus, J Chang, T AF Bostelman, Roger Albus, James Chang, Tommy GP IEEE TI Recent developments of the HLPR chair SO 2007 IEEE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REHABILITATION ROBOTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics ICORR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics CY JUN 13-15, 2007 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE AB The Home Lift, Position and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) within the Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) from 2005 to 2006, is currently being evaluated for static stability using computer aided design. The HLPR Chair has a unique shape as compared to conventional wheelchairs and powered chairs. Therefore, evaluation of its stability is necessary to ensure rider safety. Also, the HLPR Chair was originally designed and built with only manual controls. Recently, the HLPR Chair has been transitioned towards an autonomous patient mobility device to evaluate its performance for navigation by less cognizant drivers, such as patients with early signs of dementia. Preliminary electronics, software drivers and calibrations have been completed. Also, a plan has been developed for providing fully autonomous HLPR Chair capability based on previous defense project developments at NIST using a standard control architecture called 4 Dimensional/Real-time Control System (4D/RCS). Approximated stability evaluation, control developments and autonomous control plans are described in this paper. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Albus, James; Chang, Tommy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelmnn@nist.gov; james.albus@nist.gov; tommy.chang@nist.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7898 BN 978-1-4244-1319-5 J9 INT C REHAB ROBOT PY 2007 BP 1036 EP 1041 DI 10.1109/ICORR.2007.4428551 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BHQ32 UT WOS:000255389600154 ER PT B AU Sayrafian-Pour, K Kaspar, D AF Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Kaspar, Dominik GP IEEE TI A novel model-based indoor positioning using signal strength SO 2007 IEEE 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Athens, Natl Tech AB A simple technique to estimate the position of a mobile node inside a building is based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS). In a previous publication, we investigated the feasibility of using circular array antennas and beamforming in order to enable an access point to estimate the position of a mobile inside a building. The approach utilized the two dimensional information (i.e. RSS for various azimuth directions) that is captured in a priori measured radio map. Generating these radio maps is not only extremely labor-intensive and time consuming but also sensitive to changes in the environment and possible source of interference. It would be interesting to find out if a deterministic propagation model such as ray tracing can be used to construct a radio map that effectively replaces the off-line manual measurements. In this paper, we investigate this issue and provide a novel positioning methodology that exhibits acceptable performance without the need for extensive set of measurements in the off-line mode. The performance for various parameters and building model accuracy will be presented and discussed. C1 [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Adv Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaspar, Dominik] Protocol Eneg Ctr, Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Daejeon, South Korea. RP Sayrafian-Pour, K (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1143-6 PY 2007 BP 1002 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI16 UT WOS:000253402500202 ER PT B AU Neekzad, B Sayrafian-Pour, K Perez, J Baras, JS AF Neekzad, Behnam Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Perez, Julio Baras, John S. GP IEEE TI Comparison of ray tracing simulations and millimeter wave channel sounding measurements SO 2007 IEEE 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication CY SEP 03-07, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Athens, Natl Tech ID INDOOR; PROPAGATION AB Temporal-Angular channel sounding measurements of an indoor millimeter wave channel (60 GHz) is analyzed to determine the location of two dimensional clusters of arrivals at the receiver. The measurement scenarios are also emulated by a ray tracing tool. The results are similarly analyzed to verify possible agreements and determine the effectiveness of such tools in predicting cluster locations as well as ray arrival statistics within clusters in millimeter wave indoor channel. C1 [Neekzad, Behnam; Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Perez, Julio] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Neekzad, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NCC8235] FX Research supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award No NCC8235 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1143-6 PY 2007 BP 2045 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI16 UT WOS:000253402501117 ER PT B AU Hou, K Kordesch, ME Arp, U Zhu, MY Outlaw, RA Miraldo, P Holloway, BC Manos, D AF Hou, Kun Kordesch, Martin E. Arp, Uwe Zhu, Mingyao Outlaw, Ronald A. Miraldo, Peter Holloway, Brian C. Manos, Dennis GP IEEE TI Field emission observation of carbon nanosheet thin film by photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION C1 [Hou, Kun; Outlaw, Ronald A.; Holloway, Brian C.; Manos, Dennis] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Kordesch, Martin E.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH USA. [Arp, Uwe] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Opt Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Mingyao; Miraldo, Peter; Manos, Dennis] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Holloway, Brian C.] Luna Innovat Inc, Luna Nanoworks Div, Danville, VA 24541 USA. RP Hou, K (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM kxhoux@wm.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 115 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500059 ER PT S AU Schwadron, N Goodrich, C Spence, H Townsend, L Cucinotta, F Kim, MHY Weyland, M Golightly, MJ Desai, M Posner, A Hassler, D Krauss-Varban, D Luhmann, J Miller, J Heber, B Onsager, T AF Schwadron, Nathan Goodrich, Chuck Spence, Harlan Townsend, Larry Cucinotta, Frank Kim, Myung-Hee Y. Weyland, Mark Golightly, Michael J. Desai, Mihir Posner, Arik Hassler, Don Krauss-Varban, Dietmar Luhmann, Janet Miller, Jack Heber, Bemd Onsager, Terry GP IEEE TI Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module (EMMREM) SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES ID SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; WIND SPACECRAFT; COSMIC-RAYS; SPECTRA; ABERRATIONS; DEPENDENCE; EXPOSURE; AUGUST; MODEL AB We are preparing to return humans to the Moon and setting the stage for exploration to Mars and beyond. However, it is unclear if long missions outside of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) can be accomplished with acceptable risk. The central objective of our project, the Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Exposure Module (EMMREM), is to develop and validate a numerical module for completely characterizing time-dependent radiation exposure in the Earth-Moon-Mars and Interplanetary space environments. EMMREM will provide the ability to predict radiation exposure on the surface or atmosphere of Earth, on the Moon, Mars, and in interplanetary space between Earth and Mars. EMMREM is being designed for broad use by researchers to predict radiation exposure by integrating over almost any incident particle distribution from interplanetary space. EMMREM is being developed using contemporary state-of-the-art particle radiation models. Beyond this, it will have the capability to incorporate new and improving models, as they become available, to give continually improved estimates of radiation hazards and effects. EMMREM will be comprehensively validated using direct and contemporaneous measurements near Earth, at the Moon and Mars to significantly reduce uncertainties in radiation exposure predictions. EMMREM will characterize the extremes, statistics, and variations over time of radiation exposure caused by solar energetic particles and cosmic rays. The results of EMMREM will improve risk assessment models so that future human exploration missions can be adequately planned for. This makes EMMREM highly relevant to NASA's Vision for Space Exploration and the Living With a Star Programs. (1 2). C1 [Schwadron, Nathan; Goodrich, Chuck; Spence, Harlan] Boston Univ, 725 Commonwealth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Townsend, Larry] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cucinotta, Frank; Kim, Myung-Hee Y.; Weyland, Mark] NASA, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Golightly, Michael J.] AFRL VSBXR, Hanscom AFB, MA 07131 USA. [Desai, Mihir; Posner, Arik] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Hassler, Don] Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Krauss-Varban, Dietmar; Luhmann, Janet] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Jack] Lawrence Berkeley Natl lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Heber, Bemd] Univ Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Onsager, Terry] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Schwadron, N (reprint author), Boston Univ, 725 Commonwealth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM nathanas@bu.edu; ccg@bu.edu; spence@bu.edu; ltownsen@tennessee.edu; francis.a.cucinotta1@jsc.nasa.gov; myung-hee.y.kim1@jsc.nasa.gov; Michael.Golightly@hanscom.af.mil; mdesai@swri.edu; aposner@swri.edu; hassler@boulder.swri.edu; varban@ssl.berkeley.edu; jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu; miller@lbl.gov; b.heber@physik.uni-stuttgart.de; terry.onsager@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 520 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235300046 ER PT S AU Baron, RL Gerber, AJ Tralli, D Pagano, T Aumann, G Rogez, F Sobel, H Sepulveda, C Carnright, R Dittberner, G Bajpai, S AF Baron, Richard L. Gerber, Andrew J. Tralli, Dave Pagano, Tom Aumann, George Rogez, Francois Sobel, Hal Sepulveda, Cesar Carnright, Rob Dittberner, Gerald Bajpai, Shyam GP IEEE TI Broadband Imager-Sounder for Terrestrial Remote Observations (BISTRO) SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB BISTRO a Broadband Imager-Sounder for Terrestrial Remote Observations is designed as an integral instrument for an envisioned future NOAA National Global Operational Environmental Satellite System (NGOESS) architecture. This ultra-spectral imager/sounder provides for greater than 4000 spectral channels covering a band from 0.4 to 16.5 microns. The instantaneous footprint on the ground has 4000 spatial elements ranging from 0.25 to 1 km depending on the channel wavelength. Each S/C in the NGOESS constellation is proposed to carry an identical copy of the instrument supporting complete global coverage. The overall system, using BISTRO as a core observing instrument, is designed to meet or exceed current (e.g. POEs and GOEs) and planned (eg. GOES-R, and NPOESS) EDRs, CDRs, and other anticipated "user" requirements in the optical and infrared areas of the electromagnetic spectrum for sounding and imaging. Anticipated future "science" requirements for short- and or long-term (climate) observations have been explored with the science and operations community and are tentatively provided for in the overall system design. C1 [Baron, Richard L.; Gerber, Andrew J.; Tralli, Dave; Pagano, Tom; Aumann, George; Rogez, Francois; Sobel, Hal; Sepulveda, Cesar; Carnright, Rob] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Natl Space Technol Applicat Off, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dittberner, Gerald; Bajpai, Shyam] NOAA NESDIS, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Baron, RL (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Natl Space Technol Applicat Off, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Richard.L.Baron@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2885 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235302084 ER PT B AU Black, PE AF Black, Paul E. GP IEEE TI Software assurance with samate reference dataset, tool standards, and studies SO 2007 IEEE/AIAA 26TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, AIAA AB Today's avionics systems depend more and more on software from many sources: vendors, subcontractors, in-house, and open source. System interactions are exposed to external agents in contexts from air-to-ground links to OS patches downloaded via the Internet. This is a huge amount of software with the risk of attack from distant global sites. Yet users need assurance that the software will work and not create security problems. We focus on NIST's Software Assurance Metrics And Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) project and its contribution. SAMATE is developing specifications, metrics, and automated test suites for software assurance tools. For instance, source code security analyzers can help developers produce software with fewer security flaws. They can also help identify malicious code and poor coding practices that lead to vulnerabilities. The project's publicly available reference dataset, the SRD, contains more than 1800 flawed (and fixed!) program examples to help evaluate software assurance tools and algorithms. These metrics and reference datasets help purchasers confirm tool vendors' claims. We also study the assurance impact of tool use, methods, and techniques. C1 [Black, Paul E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Black, PE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.black@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1107-8 J9 DIGIT AVION SYST CON PY 2007 BP 1116 EP 1121 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Computer Science; Transportation GA BHM72 UT WOS:000254342600108 ER PT S AU Lee, K AF Lee, Kang GP IEEE TI Sensor standards harmonization - Path to achieving sensor interoperability SO 2007 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE CBM; condition-based maintenance; interoperability; open standards; sensor interface; sensor network; sensor standards; sensor standards harmonization; wireless sensor AB Distributed sensor networks are emerging technology for building applications in control and condition monitoring of equipment and machinery in government and industry. Open sensor interfaces, standard sensor data formats, and messaging standards are needed to enable the integration, access, fusion, use, and delivery of sensor-derived data for these applications. The Sensor Standards Harmonization Working Group was formed at NIST to address these types of issues. This paper examines some relevant open standards that can help to achieve seamless sensor connections, integration, discovery, access, and usage within and across systems, networks, and enterprises through the Web. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011 OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-1238-9 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2007 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BHI79 UT WOS:000253448600051 ER PT S AU Micheals, RJ Boult, TE AF Micheals, Ross J. Boult, Terrance E. GP IEEE TI Improving variance estimation in biometric systems SO 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 17-22, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, hp invent, INI-GraphicsNet, VIOSO ID SAMPLES AB Measuring system performance seems conceptually straightforward. However, the interpretation of the results and predicting future performance remain as exceptional challenges in system evaluation. Robust experimental design is critical in evaluation, but there have been very few techniques to check designs for either overlooked associations or weak assumptions. For biometric & vision system evaluation, the complexity of the systems make a thorough exploration of the problem space impossible - this lack of verifiability in experimental design is a serious issue. In this paper we present a new evaluation methodology that improves the accuracy of variance estimator via the discovery of false assumptions about the homogeneity of cofactors i.e., when the data is not "well mixed." The new methodology is then applied in the context of a biometric system evaluation with highly influential cofactors. C1 [Micheals, Ross J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Image Grp, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boult, Terrance E.] Univ Colorado, Vis & Software Technol Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Micheals, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Image Grp, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rossm@nist.gov; tboult@uccs.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-1179-5 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2007 BP 3029 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGT02 UT WOS:000250382806020 ER PT B AU Messina, ER Jacoff, AS AF Messina, Elena R. Jacoff, Adam S. GP IEEE TI Measuring the performance of urban search and rescue robots SO 2007 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY: ENHANCING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEPENDABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security - Enhancing Critical Infrastructure Dependability CY MAY 16-17, 2007 CL Woburn, MA SP IEEE AB The Department of Homeland Security is sponsoring development of standards for urban search and rescue (USAR) robots. This program is being coordinated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and will result in consensus standards developed through ASTM International. Robot deployment categories and performance requirements have been identified by emergency responders, These requirements are being translated into tests and metrics with which to measure the performance of robots. Several test methods have been entered into the standards process. Three major exercises have been held at US&R training facilities, in which responders work side-by-side with robot manufacturers to experiment with robot deployments in relevant scenarios and to refine and expand performance requirements. To date, over forty robots, including ground, aerial, and aquatic, have been involved. Supporting projects are developing an ontology of robot capabilities and situational constraints. In general, these efforts will enable responders to enhance their effectiveness while reducing risk to personnel during disasters through use of robotic assets. C1 [Messina, Elena R.; Jacoff, Adam S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Messina, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elena.messina@nist.gov; adam.jacoff@nist.gov OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Standards Office FX This work is supported by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate Standards Office. The authors would like to thank all the participants who are advancing this project and are too numerous to mention individually: the FEMA US&R Task Force members, the robot manufacturers and researchers, the ASTM Working Goup Chairs and members, the technical experts who contribute to the science and engineering of measurement, and the rest of the NIST team. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1052-1 PY 2007 BP 28 EP + DI 10.1109/THS.2007.370015 PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGM92 UT WOS:000248535800006 ER PT S AU Verbeyst, F Pintelon, R Rolain, Y Schoukens, J Clement, TS AF Verbeyst, Frans Pintelon, Rik Rolain, Yves Schoukens, Johan Clement, Tracy S. GP IEEE TI System identification approach applied to drift estimation SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE large-signal network analysis; sampling oscilloscopes; system identification; time base drift; time base jitter AB A system identification approach is applied to estimate the time base drift introduced by a high frequency sampling oscilloscope. First, a new least squares estimator is proposed to estimate the delay of a set of repeated measurements in the presence of additive and fitter noise. Next, the effect of both additive and fitter noise is studied in the frequency domain using simulations. Special attention is devoted to the covariance matrix of the experiments, which is used to construct a weighted least squares estimator that minimizes the uncertainty of the estimated delays. Comparative results with respect to other state-of-the-art methods are shown. Finally, the enhanced method is applied to estimate the drift observed in repeated impulse response measurements of an optoelectrical converter using an Agilent 83480A sampling oscilloscope in combination with a 83484A 50 GHz electrical plug-in. C1 [Verbeyst, Frans; Pintelon, Rik; Rolain, Yves; Schoukens, Johan] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept ELEC, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Verbeyst, Frans] NMDG Engn, B-2880 Bomem, Belgium. [Clement, Tracy S.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verbeyst, F (reprint author), Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept ELEC, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM frans.verbeyst@nmdg.be; rik.pintelon@vub.ac.be; clementt@boulder.nist.gov RI Rolain, Yves/A-1496-2008; Pintelon, Rik/C-6979-2015 OI Rolain, Yves/0000-0003-2738-7914; Pintelon, Rik/0000-0003-2389-2075 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 346 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296800068 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Koffman, A FitzPatrick, G AF Wang, Yicheng Koffman, Andrew FitzPatrick, Gerald GP IEEE TI Dissipation Factors of 1 pF, 10 pF, and 100 pF fused-silica capacitors SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE capacitance; cross-capacitor; dielectric loss; dissipation factor; farad; frequency dependence; fused-silica capacitor ID FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; LOSSES AB We describe dissipation factor measurements of 1 pF, 10 pF, and 100 pF fused-silica capacitance standards from 50 Hz to 20 kHz, using a toroidal cross capacitor and a 10 pF nitrogen-filled capacitor as the references. We also describe an analytical model that relates the dissipation factor of a capacitor to the frequency dependence of its capacitance. C1 [Wang, Yicheng; Koffman, Andrew; FitzPatrick, Gerald] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 565 EP 567 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296800112 ER PT S AU Obrzut Migler, K Dong, LF Jiao, J AF Obrzut Migler, K. Dong, L. F. Jiao, J. GP IEEE TI Measurement of impedance of individual carbon nanotubes SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE carbon nanotubes; impedance; quantum capacitance AB We describe impedance measurements of individual single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the frequency range of 40 Hz to 100 MHz. The tubes were assembled on the active channel of field effect transitor (FET) structures from aqueous suspension using dielelectrophoresis. The FET channels were made by using photo-lithography. We utilized a resistance-capacitance (RC) lumped element circuit model to describe the observed impedance of the tubes and the corresponding contact resistance. At the low frequency limit the impedance is frequency independent and equivalent to the real resistance. In the high frequency range we observe a sharp conductor-insulator transition at a crossover frequency, above which the circuit response becomes capacitive. The extracted SWNT capacitance, C-SWNT, of about 4 10(-14) F/mu m, is independent on the total real resistance, however the C-SWNT value is larger than that theoretically predicted quantum capacitance of a perfect tuba Our observations also indicate that the damping frequency is lower than the theoretically predicted in SWNTs. C1 [Obrzut; Migler, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dong, L. F.; Jiao, J.] Portland State Univ, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Dong, L. F.] Cent Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Obrzut (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jano@nist.gov FU NIST FX This work was supported in part by the NIST Carbon Nanotube Competence Program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 1131 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296801029 ER PT S AU Zhang, L Yan, RQ Gao, RX Lee, KB AF Zhang, Li Yan, Ruqiang Gao, Robert X. Lee, Kang B. GP IEEE TI Open architecture software design for online spindle health monitoring SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE software design; open systems architecture; spindle health monitoring; analytic wavelet; smart machining systems ID DIAGNOSIS AB This paper presents an open systems architecture-based software design for an online spindle health monitoring system. The software is implemented using the graphical programming language of LabVIEW, and presents the spindle health status in two types of windows: simplified spindle condition display and warning window for standard machine operators (operator window) and advanced diagnosis window for machine experts (expert window). The capability of effective and efficient spindle defect detection and localization has been realized using the analytic wavelet-based envelope spectrum algorithm. The software provides a user-friendly human-machine interface and contributes directly to the development of a new generation of smart machine tools. C1 [Zhang, Li; Yan, Ruqiang; Gao, Robert X.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lee, Kang B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gao, RX (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM gao@ecs.umass.edu; kang.lee@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 1892 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296801179 ER PT S AU Song, E Lee, K AF Song, Eugene Lee, Kang GP IEEE TI Smart Transducer Web Services based on the IEEE 1451.0 standard SO 2007 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-03, 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP IEEE DE service-oriented architecture; Web Service; Smart Transducer Web Services; SOAP; WSDL; IEEE 1451.0; IEEE 1451.5; TEDS; NCAP; TIM AB This paper describes the proposed Smart Transducer Web Services (STWS) developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) based on the IEEE 1451.0 standard. The STWS are described in WSDL (Web Service Description Language). A prototype system has been established to test the STWS. This prototype system consists of a service consumer, service provider (wireless network node), and wireless sensor node. The service consumer and provider can communicate with each other through SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) messages. The STWS were tested successfully through a case study of reading an IEEE 1451 TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet). The proposed STWS provide a standard way for IEEE 1451 applications to achieve interoperability with other sensor applications in WSDL. Hence it provides a foundation for STWS standardization. C1 [Song, Eugene; Lee, Kang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-0588-6 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2007 BP 1982 EP 1987 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Robotics; Remote Sensing GA BGY21 UT WOS:000251296802006 ER PT B AU Gharavi, H Gao, S AF Gharavi, Hamid Gao, Shaoshuai GP IEEE TI 3-D segmentation and motion estimation of range data for crash prevention SO 2007 IEEE INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium CY JUN 13-15, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION; ALGORITHMS AB In this paper we present a 3-D object segmentation and motion estimation scheme of range video data for crash prevention applications. The segmentation is based on slope values of every point in the scene with which atomic regions are constructed by region growing. Atomic regions are merged with the flat surfaces (non-ground points) according to their mean height and the range difference of neighboring points. Following segmentation we apply a 3-D recursive motion estimation algorithm to each moving object. Simulation results show that the segmentation scheme together with the recursive motion estimation algorithm can be highly effective in estimating 3-D motion parameters of multiple moving objects in range video data. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Gao, Shaoshuai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1067-5 PY 2007 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHC37 UT WOS:000252173600067 ER PT S AU Gharavi, H Gao, S AF Gharavi, Hainid Gao, Shaoshuai GP IEEE TI Recursive motion estimation of range image SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL I, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE 3-D motion estimation; range image; object tracking; ladar; laser scanners ID SEQUENCES AB In this paper, we present an innovative recursive motion estimation technique that can take advantage of the in-depth resolution (range) to perform an accurate estimation of objects that have undergone 3-D translational and rotational movements. This approach iteratively aims at minimizing the error between the object in the current frame and its compensated object using estimated motion displacement from the previous range measurements. In addition, in order to use the range data on the non-rectangular grid in the Cartesian coordinate, we consider a combination of derivative filters and the transformation between the Cartesian coordinates and the sensor-centered coordinates. For sequences of moving range images we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. C1 [Gharavi, Hainid; Gao, Shaoshuai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov; sgao@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-0728-6 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 673 EP 676 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO60 UT WOS:000249040000169 ER PT S AU Bachmann, S DeBrunner, V Zrnic, D Yeary, M AF Bachmann, Svetlana DeBrunner, Victor Zrnic, Dusan Yeary, Mark GP IEEE TI Spectral analysis of polarimetric weather radar data with multiple processes in a resolution volume SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL II, PTS 1-3 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 15-20, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Doppler radar; spectral analysis; velocity; measurement ID INSECTS AB A new approach for the clear air velocity estimation in weather radar is presented. A combination of nonparametric with parametric spectral analyses allows us to identify and extract multiple processes caused by different scatterer types within a single radar resolution volume. An example of clear air observed using an S-band dual polarization radar is presented. Heretofore, migrating birds and wind-blown insects that are mixed within each resolution volume caused such data to be unusable for meteorological interpretation. In this paper, we construct power spectral densities of polarimetric variables. We use the polarimetric spectral densities to differentiate the scatterer types within the observed radar resolution volume. We demonstrate how our combination of non-parametric and parametric spectral analysis can be used to retrieve the true wind velocity in situations with severe contamination by biological scatterers. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana; Zrnic, Dusan] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK USA. [DeBrunner, Victor] Florida State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Yeary, Mark] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Bachmann, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2007 BP 309 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO02 UT WOS:000248908100078 ER PT S AU Bachmann, S Zrnic, D DeBrunner, V AF Bachmann, Svetlana Zrnic, Dusan DeBrunner, Victor GP IEEE TI Polarimetric azimuthal spectral histogram exposes types of mixed scatterers and the cause for unexpected polarimetric averages SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2007) CY SEP 16-19, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE pulse Doppler radar; radar polarimetry; spectral domain analysis; scattering parameters measurement ID RADAR AB Echoes detected by polarimetric weather radar in clear air contain signals from air and biological scatterers. Discriminating the various scatterer types from a composite echo is challenging due to variability in scatterres' quantity, azimuthal dependences of their polarimetric properties, and uneven mixing in resolution volumes. We use polarimetric spectral densities to estimate the volume content by constructing two dimensional (2D) histograms. The dimensions used to form image are Doppler velocity and polarimetric variable. The assimilation of these histograms in azimuth results in a 3D-azimuthal-spectral-histogram (3DASH). This representation allows us to use transparency for small occurrences to visualize the 3D-signatures of dominant content. The scatterer types have distinguishable signatures in 3DASH due to their diverse physical shapes, scattering properties, different headings, and speeds. 3DASH can help to understand what constitutes the polarimetric averages of the resolution volume. 3DASH can help provide resources for establishing intrinsic polarimetric values/functions for different types of biological scatterers, which are necessary for scatterer classification algorithms. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana; Zrnic, Dusan] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana] CIMMS, Norman, OK USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA. [DeBrunner, Victor] Univ Florida, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Bachmann, S (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1436-9 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2007 BP 1809 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHJ22 UT WOS:000253487201212 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Bunday, BD Dixson, RG Allgair, JA AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Bunday, Benjamin D. Dixson, Ronald G. Allgair, John A. GP IEEE TI A systematic approach to accurate evaluation of CD-Metrology tools SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Assoc Promot Elec, Elec & Informat Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, VLSI Design & Educ Ctr HO Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall DE atomic force microscope; critical dimension; scanning electron microscope; uncertainty; accuracy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; UNCERTAINTY AB We present a procedure for evaluating the accuracy and performance of critical dimension (CD) metrology tools used in monitoring the semiconductor manufacturing process. Our method involves a reference measurement instrument and SI traceable reference material to evaluate the accuracy and resolution of CD metrology tools. The achievable accuracy and intrinsic linearity of the tools under test are evaluated with respect to the reference system. C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bunday, Benjamin D.; Allgair, John A.] Int SEMATECH Mfg Initiative, Austin, TX 78749 USA. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM George.Orji@nist.gov FU Office of Microelectronics Program (OMP); Nanomanufacturing Program at NIST; CD-AFM RMS; SEMATECH; Pete Lipscomb of SEMATECH; Joseph Fu of NIST FX N. G. Orji is supported by the Office of Microelectronics Program (OMP) and the Nanomanufacturing Program at NIST. Purchase of supplies for the CD-AFM RMS is supported by several lithography metrology projects at SEMATECH. We thank Pete Lipscomb of SEMATECH and Joseph Fu of NIST for helpful comments. We thank Theodore Vorburger, Michael Postek, Jack Martinez and Steve Knight of NIST for their encouragement and support of this work. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4244-0780-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2007 BP 9 EP + DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2007.374446 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000247663800002 ER PT S AU Shulver, BJR Bunting, AS Gundlach, AM Haworth, LI Ross, AWS Smith, S Snell, AJ Stevenson, JTM Walton, AJ Allen, RA Cresswell, MW AF Shulver, B. J. R. Bunting, A. S. Gundlach, A. M. Haworth, L. I. Ross, A. W. S. Smith, S. Snell, A. J. Stevenson, J. T. M. Walton, A. J. Allen, R. A. Cresswell, M. W. GP IEEE TI Extraction of sheet resistance and linewidth from all-copper ECD test structures fabricated from silicon preforms SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Assoc Promot Elec, Elec & Informat Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, VLSI Design & Educ Ctr HO Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall ID ELECTRICAL LINEWIDTH; CALIBRATION; FEATURES AB Test structures have been fabricated to allow Electrical Critical Dimensions (ECD) to be extracted from copper features with dimensions comparable to those replicated in IC interconnect systems. The implementation of these structures is such that no conductive barrier metal has been used. The advantage of this approach is that the electrical measurements provide a non-destructive and efficient method for determining CD values and for enabling fundamental studies of electron transport in narrow copper features unaffected by the complications of barrier metal films. This paper reports on the results of various tests which have been conducted to evaluate the current design. C1 [Shulver, B. J. R.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bunting, A. S.; Gundlach, A. M.; Haworth, L. I.; Ross, A. W. S.; Smith, S.; Snell, A. J.; Stevenson, J. T. M.; Walton, A. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Inst Integrated Micro & Nano Syst, Sch Engn Elect, Edinburgh EH93JF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Allen, R. A.; Cresswell, M. W.] NIST, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shulver, B. J. R.] Natl Semicond Corp, Greenock PA160EQ, Scotland. RP Shulver, BJR (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; Walton, Anthony/B-9108-2009; Bunting, Andrew/L-2357-2013; Smith, Stewart/C-1178-2008 OI Bunting, Andrew/0000-0001-5104-145X; Smith, Stewart/0000-0002-7004-9219 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4244-0780-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2007 BP 14 EP + DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2007.374447 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000247663800003 ER PT S AU Allen, RA Patrick, HJ Bishop, M Germer, TA Dixson, R Guthrie, WF Cresswell, MW AF Allen, Richard A. Patrick, Heather J. Bishop, Michael Germer, Thomas A. Dixson, Ronald Guthrie, William F. Cresswell, Michael W. GP IEEE TI Study of test structures for use as reference materials for optical critical dimension applications SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Assoc Promot Elec, Elec & Informat Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, VLSI Design & Educ Ctr HO Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall DE metrology; linewidth; critical dimension (CD); optical critical dimension (OCD); scatterometry ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; IMPLEMENTATION; METROLOGY; GRATINGS AB Optical critical dimension (OCD) metrology has rapidly become an important technology in supporting the worldwide semiconductor industry. OCD relies on a combination of measurement and modeling to extract the average dimensions of an array of parallel features, having fixed pitch and drawn linwidth. This paper reports results of OCD measurements on arrays selected to serve as prototype reference structures. In addition, SEM CD measurements were made on several of these structures to verify line uniformity. These prototypes are fabricated using the single-crystal CD reference materials (SCCDRM) process, which in prior work has been successfully applied to isolated feature reference materials. The SCCDRM process provides features with known geometries, typically vertical sidewalls, defined by the silicon lattice. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.allen@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4244-0780-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2007 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2007.374448 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000247663800004 ER PT S AU Shulver, BJR Allen, RA Walton, AJ Cresswell, MW Stevenson, JTM Smith, S Bunting, AS Dunare, C Gundlach, AM Haworth, LI Ross, AWS Snell, AJ AF Shulver, B. J. R. Allen, R. A. Walton, A. J. Cresswell, M. W. Stevenson, J. T. M. Smith, S. Bunting, A. S. Dunare, C. Gundlach, A. M. Haworth, L. I. Ross, A. W. S. Snell, A. J. GP IEEE TI Array based test structure for optical-electrical overlay calibration SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall, Tokyo, JAPAN SP Assoc Promot Elec, Elec & Informat Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, VLSI Design & Educ Ctr HO Univ Tokyo, Tadeda Hall ID MISALIGNMENT; VERNIER AB The novel overlay test structure reported in this paper was purposely designed to serve as an application-specific reference material. It features standard frame-in-frame optical overlay targets embedded in electrical test features and fabricated by the same process as the parts being manufactured. Optical overlay is commonly used in process control applications due to its utility for determining the relative positions of features patterned in photoresist. Electrical overlay, although it can only be measured on fully patterned test structures, is the metric of interest. Using this combined optical/electrical overlay test structure, we can derive the relationship between the routinely measured optical overlay and the electrical overlay for any specific combination of process and optical overlay tool. C1 [Shulver, B. J. R.; Walton, A. J.; Stevenson, J. T. M.; Smith, S.; Dunare, C.; Gundlach, A. M.; Haworth, L. I.; Ross, A. W. S.; Snell, A. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Inst Integrated Micro & Nano Syst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Allen, R. A.; Cresswell, M. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Cresswell, MW (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Inst Integrated Micro & Nano Syst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; Walton, Anthony/B-9108-2009; Bunting, Andrew/L-2357-2013; Smith, Stewart/C-1178-2008 OI Bunting, Andrew/0000-0001-5104-145X; Smith, Stewart/0000-0002-7004-9219 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Edinburgh Research Partnership (ERP); MST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Edinburgh Research Partnership (ERP), and the MST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1071-9032 BN 978-1-4244-0780-4 J9 IEEE INT C MICROELEC PY 2007 BP 165 EP + DI 10.1109/ICMTS.2007.374476 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ72 UT WOS:000247663800032 ER PT B AU Diduch, L Mueller, R Rigoll, G AF Diduch, Lukas Mueller, Ronald Rigoll, Gerhard GP IEEE TI A framework for modular signal processing systems with high-performance requirements SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2007) CY JUL 02-05, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Comp Soc AB This paper introduces the software framework MMER_Lab which allows an effective assembly of modular signal processing systems optimized for memory efficiency and performance. Our C/C++ framework is designed to constitute the basis of a well organized and simplified development process in industrial and academic research teams. It supports the structuring of modular systems by provision of basic data-, parameter-, and command-interfaces, ensuring the re-usability of the system components. Due to the underlying multi-threading capabilities, the applications built in MMER_Lab are enabled to fully exploit the increasing computational power of multi-core CPU architectures. This feature is carried out by a buffering concept which controls the data flow between the connected modules and allows for the parallel processing of consecutive signal segments (e.g. video frames). We introduce the concept of the multi-threading environment and the data flow architecture with its comfortable programming interface. We illustrate the proposed module concept for the generic assembly of processing chains and show applications from the area of video analysis and pattern recognition. C1 [Diduch, Lukas] NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mueller, Ronald; Rigoll, Gerhard] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Human Machine Commun, D-80290 Munich, Germany. RP Diduch, L (reprint author), NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ldiduch@nist.gov; rm@tum.de NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1016-3 PY 2007 BP 1159 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHD68 UT WOS:000252357702065 ER PT B AU Mao, MW Du, LP AF Mao, Mingwang Du, Liping GP IEEE TI Research on drive fatigue detection using wavelet transform SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VEHICULAR ELECTRONICS AND SAFETY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety CY DEC 13-15, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Intelligent Transportat Syst Soc, Inst Automat, Chinese Acad Sci AB Driver fatigue is an important factor causing serious traffic accidents and often results in many people deaths or injuries. Therefore, many countries have made great effort on how to detect driver fatigue. This paper presents a new approach to detect driver fatigue based on discrete wavelet transform which has been used to extract the key features for constructing the classifier to identify driver fatigue.. The analyzed data are obtained from experiments using driving simulator. The result proves the algorithm is valid. C1 [Mao, Mingwang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Du, Liping] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Mao, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mmw85108@yahoo.corn.cn; liping199@hotmail.com FU University of Science and Technology Beijing FX This paper is supported by Professor Yanjiong Zhong, University of Science and Technology Beijing. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1265-5 PY 2007 BP 209 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Transportation GA BHK25 UT WOS:000253799700040 ER PT S AU Gurfinkel, M Kim, J Potbhare, S Xiong, HD Cheung, KP Suehle, J Bernstein, JB Shapira, Y Lelis, AJ Habersat, D Goldsman, N AF Gurfinkel, M. Kim, Jinwoo Potbhare, S. Xiong, H. D. Cheung, K. P. Suehle, J. Bernstein, J. B. Shapira, Yoram Lelis, A. J. Habersat, D. Goldsman, N. GP IEEE TI Characterization of interface and bulk oxide traps in SiC MOSFETs with epitaxialy grown and implanted channels SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop CY OCT 15-18, 2007 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE C1 [Gurfinkel, M.; Shapira, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Gurfinkel, M.; Kim, Jinwoo; Potbhare, S.; Bernstein, J. B.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gurfinkel, M.; Kim, Jinwoo; Xiong, H. D.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lelis, A. J.; Habersat, D.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gurfinkel, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM moshegur@post.tau.ac.il NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4244-1171-9 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2007 BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1109/IRWS.2007.4469233 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHL73 UT WOS:000254145100023 ER PT S AU Krasnopolsky, V Fox-Rabinovitz, NS Belochitski, A AF Krasnopolsky, Vladimir Fox-Rabinovitz, Nfichael S. Belochitski, Alexei GP IEEE TI Compound parameterization for a quality control of outliers and larger errors in neural network emulations of model physics SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY AUG 12-17, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID MACHINE LEARNING COMPONENTS AB Development of neural network (NN) emulations depends significantly on our ability to generate a representative training set. Because of high dimensionality of the input domain that is in the order of several hundreds or more, it is rather difficult to cover the entire domain, especially its "far corners" associated with rare events, even when we use model simulated data for the NN training. In this situation the emulating NN may be forced to extrapolate, which is beyond its generalization ability and may lead to larger errors in NN outputs. A new technique, a compound parameterization, has been developed to address this problem and to make the NN emulation approach more suitable for long-term climate and climate change predictions and other applications. C1 [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir; Fox-Rabinovitz, Nfichael S.; Belochitski, Alexei] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krasnopolsky, V (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Vladimir.Krasnopolsky@noaa.gov FU NOAA CDEP-CTB [NA060AR4310047] FX This work was supported by the NOAA CDEP-CTB Grant NA060AR4310047. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1379-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2007 BP 391 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2007.4370988 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BHM64 UT WOS:000254291100068 ER PT S AU Jimeno, M Christensen, K Roginsky, A AF Jimeno, Miguel Christensen, Ken Roginsky, Allen GP IEEE TI A power management proxy with a new Best-of-N Bloom filter design to reduce false positives SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference CY APR 11-13, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE networks; power management; Bloom filter AB Bloom filters are a probabilistic data structure used to evaluate set membership. A group of hash functions are used to map elements into a Bloom filter and to test elements for membership. In this paper, we propose using multiple groups of hash functions and selecting the group that generates the Bloom filter instance with the smallest number of bits set to 1. We evaluate the performance of this new Best-of-N method using order statistics and an actual implementation. Our analysis shows that significant reduction in the probability of a false positive can be achieved We also propose and evaluate a new method that uses a Random Number Generator (RNG) to generate multiple hashes from one initial "seed" hash. This RNG method (motivated by a method from Kirsch and Mitzenmacher) makes the computational expense of the Best-of-N method very modest. The target application is a power management proxy for P2P applications executing in a resource-constrained "SmartNIC". C1 [Jimeno, Miguel; Christensen, Ken] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Roginsky, Allen] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jimeno, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM mjimeno@cse.usf.edu; christen@cse.usf.edu; allen.roginsky@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [0520081] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0520081. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4244-1137-5 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2007 BP 125 EP + DI 10.1109/PCCC.2007.358887 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BGH73 UT WOS:000247031900015 ER PT S AU Gurfinkel, M Suehle, J Bernstein, JB Shapira, Y Lelis, AJ Habersat, D Goldsman, N AF Gurfinkel, M. Suehle, J. Bernstein, J. B. Shapira, Yoram Lelis, A. J. Habersat, D. Goldsman, N. GP IEEE TI Ultra-fast characterization of transient gate oxide trapping in SiC MOSFETs SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 45TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 15-19, 2007 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE silicon carbide; tbreshold voltage instability; post oxidation annealing ID MOBILITY AB One of the most important issues that limits the performance and reliability of SiC power MOSFETs is the threshold voltage and drain current instability under normal operation conditions. This phenomenon has been recently studied using conventional dc measurements. In this work, we studied the threshold voltage and drain current instability in state-of-the-art 4H-SiC MOSFETs using fast I-V measurements. Fast I-V measurements reveal the full extent of the instability, underestimated by the dc measurements. Furthermore, fast measurements allow the separation of negative and positive bias stress effects. Post oxidation annealing in NO was found to passivate the oxide traps and dramatically reduce instability. A physical model involving fast transient charge trapping and detrapping at and near the SiC/SiO2 interface is proposed. C1 [Gurfinkel, M.; Shapira, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-66978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Gurfinkel, M.; Bernstein, J. B.; Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Parks Coll, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gurfinkel, M.; Suehle, J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lelis, A. J.; Habersat, D.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gurfinkel, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-66978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM moshegur@post.tau.ac.il FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX We would like to thank Cree, Inc. for supplying the samples for this work. This work was funded by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-0918-1 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2007 BP 462 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2007.369934 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BGH49 UT WOS:000246989600075 ER PT B AU Camell, D Johnk, RT Davis, BN Taylor, M AF Camell, Dennis Johnk, Robert T. Davis, Ben N. Taylor, Michael GP IEEE TI Verification of an EMC facility retrofit by time-domain and field uniformity measurements SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE EMC compliance chamber; field uniformity; time domain; time gating; ultra-wideband AB This paper summarizes a joint NIST-Industry measurement effort. Time-domain and field uniformity measurements from 30 MHz to 6 GHz were used to verify performance due to a retrofit of RF absorber in an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance chamber. After the retrofit a standard IEC 61000-4-3(A1) test volume uniformity assessment was performed. These results show that. the RF absorber retrofit resulted in improved radiated emissions and immunity performance. C1 [Camell, Dennis; Johnk, Robert T.; Davis, Ben N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Taylor, Michael] Hach Co, NCE, Ch EMC Engineer, Loveland, CO USA. RP Camell, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. FU HACH Company; NIST FX D. Camell and R. Johnk thank P. Wilson and M. Kelly for their support & encouragement with this EMC research and measurement effort. M. Taylor thanks M. Roberts and Dr. J. Throckmorton of HACH Company for their support & encouragement with this retrofit effort. D. Camell and R.Johnk further thank D. Novotny of NIST for his support and processing software. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 522 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000096 ER PT B AU Camell, D Johnk, RT Novotny, D Grosvenor, C AF Camell, Dennis Johnk, Robert T. Novotny, David Grosvenor, Chriss GP IEEE TI Free-space antenna factors through the use of time-domain signal processing SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE EMC antenna standards; free space antenna factor; Fourier transform; Friis equation; time domain; time gating; ultra-wideband AB This paper demonstrates the usefulness of time-domain processing to determine free-space antenna factors (FSAF) for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) antennas. Our procedures are explained and data are provided for frequencies from 30 MHz to 9 GHz. We investigate time gating of dense frequency packed insertion loss data obtained with an ultrawideband measurement system. These results show the advantage of time-domain gating to provide reliable results for free-space antenna factors of EMC antennas. C1 [Camell, Dennis; Johnk, Robert T.; Novotny, David; Grosvenor, Chriss] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Camell, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 531 EP 535 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000098 ER PT B AU Johnk, RT Novotny, DR Grosvenor, CA Canales, N Camell, DG Koepke, GH Scully, RC AF Johnk, Robert T. Novotny, David R. Grosvenor, Chriss A. Canales, Nino Camell, Dennis G. Koepke, Galen H. Scully, Robert C. GP IEEE TI RF electromagnetic penetration of the NASA space shuttle Endeavour performed with an ultra-wideband system SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE Fourier Transform, hangar, Kennedy Space Center; orbiter; penetration measurement reverberation chamber; shuttle; time-domain, time-gating ultra-wideband AB This paper summarizes a joint NIST-NASA measurement effort to thoroughly evaluate the electromagnetic penetration of the shuttle Endeavour. NASA is concerned about the effects that microwave imaging radar systems might have on critical avionics systems on its fleet of space shuttles. As part of a multifaceted effort, a portable, NIST-developed ultra-wideband measurement system was deployed at the Kennedy Space Center to evaluate electromagnetic penetration over the frequency range of 30 MHZ - 6 GHz at selected locations inside Endeavour. The measurements were performed inside a large metal hangar, which exhibited robust reverberant behavior. A combination of reverb chamber techniques and time/frequency signal processing permitted the evaluation of electromagnetic penetration at six different locations inside the orbiter. C1 [Johnk, Robert T.; Novotny, David R.; Grosvenor, Chriss A.; Canales, Nino; Camell, Dennis G.; Koepke, Galen H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Time Domain Fields Project, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Scully, Robert C.] NASA Johnson Space Ctr, Avion Syst Div, Houston, TX USA. RP Johnk, RT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Time Domain Fields Project, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 605 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000112 ER PT B AU Ladbury, JM Hill, DA AF Ladbury, John M. Hill, David A. GP IEEE TI Enhanced backscatter in a reverberation chamber: Inside every complex problem is a simple solution struggling to get out SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc DE enhanced backscatter; reverberation chamber; random media; antenna; reflection coefficient AB We encountered problems when we attempted to model the behavior of a transmitting antenna in a reverberation chamber. Our model predicted the general statistical distribution of the complex reflection coefficient S-11 of a test port connected to a transmitting antenna, but one measure of the variation was off by a factor of two. We eventually traced the increased variability to enhanced backscatter, in which reflections back in the direction of the source antenna tend to be larger than reflections in any other direction. Enhanced backscatter is a phenomenon generally associated with remote sensing, especially related to random media. We give a general explanations of this effect based on a simple ray-optics model. C1 [Ladbury, John M.; Hill, David A.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ladbury, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, 325 Broadway MS 818-08, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 1028 EP 1032 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000193 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Ladbury, J Coder, J Koepke, G Hill, DA AF Holloway, C. L. Ladbury, J. Coder, J. Koepke, G. Hill, D. A. GP IEEE TI Measuring the shielding effectiveness of small enclosures/cavities with a reverberation chamber SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY: WORKSHOP AND TUTORIAL NOTES, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE, EMC Soc AB For various applications, there is a growing need to determine the shielding effectiveness (SE) of physically small (but electrically large) enclosures or cavities. In this paper, we present a reverberation chamber technique for measuring the SE of such enclosures. We present data from four different reverberation chamber approaches obtained from various enclosure configurations. These four different sets of measurements are used to validate the proposed approach. C1 [Holloway, C. L.; Ladbury, J.; Coder, J.; Koepke, G.; Hill, D. A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1349-2 PY 2007 BP 1236 EP 1240 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL51 UT WOS:000254096000233 ER PT B AU Lee, K Song, E AF Lee, Kang Song, Eugene GP IEEE TI Object-oriented model for IEEE 1588 standard SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PRECISION CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION FOR MEASUREMENT CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Meaurement Control and Communication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Austrian Acad Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Syst Council, NIST, Siemens, hyperstone, Oregano Syst, Natl Instruments, Agilent Technol, AMCC, Hirschmann HO Austrian Acad Sci DE time synchronization; IEEE 1588; object-oriented model; precision time protocol AB The 1588 standard specifies a protocol enabling precise synchronization of clocks in measurement and control systems implemented with technologies such as network communication and distributed objects. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a powerful tool for object-oriented modeling, design, and development of complex distributed systems. This paper describes an object-oriented model for the IEEE 1588 standard-v2, which has been developed using UML tool at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This model consists of the data types, datasets, entities, and devices of IEEE 1588 standard-v2. The model has been used to produce C++ source codes, and create C++ libraries for the IEEE 1588 standard-v2. With the help of this object model, the development time of IEEE 1588-basd distributed measurement and control applications can be reduced dramatically. C1 [Lee, Kang; Song, Eugene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov; ysong@nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1063-7 J9 I S PRECIS CLOCK SYN PY 2007 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1109/ISPCS.2007.4383766 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI38 UT WOS:000253414700002 ER PT S AU Anandarajah, V Kalappa, N Sangole, R Hussaini, S Li, YS Baboud, J Moyne, J AF Anandarajah, Vinod Kalappa, Naveen Sangole, Rahul Hussaini, Sulaiman Li, Ya-Shian Baboud, Julien Moyne, James GP IEEE TI Precise time synchronization in semiconductor manufacturing SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PRECISION CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION FOR MEASUREMENT CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Meaurement Control and Communication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication CY OCT 01-03, 2007 CL Austrian Acad Sci, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Syst Council, NIST, Siemens, hyperstone, Oregano Syst, Natl Instruments, Agilent Technol, AMCC, Hirschmann HO Austrian Acad Sci AB In today's semiconductor fabrication facilities ("fabs"), coordination of time-based information throughout the factory and enterprise has become necessary to support fab-wide diagnostics, control, and information management. This has driven the need to have time synchronization at all levels of the enterprise. Time synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP) have been defined for performing synchronization over distributed systems. Lack of time synchronization among the various subsystems is seen as a factor of poor data quality in Equipment Data Acquisition (EDA) and Advanced Process Control (APC) analysis. Re focus of our study is to investigate the extent and precision of time synchronization that can be practically applied with the available protocols at various levels of the semiconductor factory environment to meet next generation manufacturing requirements. To this end, we describe the objectives, details, and implementation of the simulator that aims to model a semiconductor factory network. This will provide a practical perspective to study the accuracy achievable and potential network factors contributing to accuracy degradation of factory-wide time synchronization. C1 [Anandarajah, Vinod; Kalappa, Naveen; Sangole, Rahul; Hussaini, Sulaiman; Moyne, James] Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr Reconfigurable Mfg Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Li, Ya-Shian; Baboud, Julien] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anandarajah, V (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr Reconfigurable Mfg Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vinoda@umich.edu; nkalappa@umich.edu; rsangole@urnich.edu; hussaini@umich.edu; ya-shian.li@nist.gov; julien.baboud@nist.gov; moyne@umich.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1949-0305 BN 978-1-4244-1063-7 J9 I S PRECIS CLOCK SYN PY 2007 BP 78 EP + DI 10.1109/ISPCS.2007.4383777 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI38 UT WOS:000253414700013 ER PT B AU Scrapper, C Madhavan, R Balakirsky, S AF Scrapper, C. Madhavan, R. Balakirsky, S. GP IEEE TI Stable navigation solutions for robots in complex environments SO 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SAFETY, SECURITY AND RESCUE ROBOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics CY SEP 27-29, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE navigation solutions; visual odometry; scan matching; dead-reckoning; ICP; MOAST; USARSim; search and rescue ID REGISTRATION AB During the initial phase of a disaster response it is essential for responders to quickly and safely assess the overall situation. The use of rescue robots that can autonomously navigate and map these environments can help responders realize this goal while minimizing danger to them. In order for rescue robots to be of service to the responders, they must be able to sense the environment, create an internal representation that identifies victims and hazards to responders, and provide an estimate of where they are and where they have been. Methods for developing a stable navigation solution are based on sensors that can be broadly classified into two approaches, absolute (exteroception) and relative (proprioception). Commonly, two or more of these approaches are combined to develop a stable navigation solution that is insensitive to and robust in the presence of the errors that plague partial solutions by taking into account errors in the vehicle's pose, thus bounding the uncertainty in the navigation solution. Since the capabilities and limitations of these approaches vary, it is essential for developers of robotic systems to understand the performance characteristics of methodologies employed to produce a stable navigation solution. This paper will provide quantitative analysis of two proprioceptive approaches, namely Encoder-based Odometry and Inertial Navigation System, and an exteroceptive approach namely Visual Odometry that uses scan matching techniques. C1 [Scrapper, C.; Madhavan, R.; Balakirsky, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scrapper, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.scrapper@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@nist.gov; stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1568-7 PY 2007 BP 126 EP 131 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BHK29 UT WOS:000253833400022 ER PT S AU Bertness, KA AF Bertness, Kris A. GP IEEE TI GaN nanowires for optoelectronic devices SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 405 EP 406 DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382450 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200201 ER PT S AU Rotschild, C Alfassi, B Manela, O Schwartz, T Barak, A Segev, M Cohen, O Xu, ZY Kartashov, Y Torner, L Christodoulides, DN AF Rotschild, Carmel Alfassi, Barak Manela, Ofer Schwartz, Tal Barak, Assaf Segev, Mordechai Cohen, Oren Xu, Zhiyong Kartashov, Yaroslav Torner, Lluis Christodoulides, Demetri N. GP IEEE TI Solitons phenomena in highly nonlocal media: From soliton wiring and surface solitons to random-phase solitons and controlling solitons from afar SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL ID NONLINEAR MEDIA C1 [Rotschild, Carmel; Alfassi, Barak; Manela, Ofer; Schwartz, Tal; Barak, Assaf; Segev, Mordechai] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Cohen, Oren] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Oren] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Xu, Zhiyong; Kartashov, Yaroslav; Torner, Lluis] Inst Ciencies Fotoniques ICFO, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Xu, Zhiyong; Kartashov, Yaroslav; Torner, Lluis] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Christodoulides, Demetri N.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Rotschild, C (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM Carmelr@tx.technion.ac.il RI Rotschild, Carmel/K-3537-2016; OI Rotschild, Carmel/0000-0001-6400-9301; Torner, Lluis/0000-0002-6491-4210 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 618 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382558 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200308 ER PT S AU Cundiff, ST Wahlstrand, JK Willits, J Schibli, TR Menyuk, CR AF Cundiff, S. T. Wahlstrand, J. K. Willits, J. Schibli, T. R. Menyuk, C. R. GP IEEE TI Femtosecond comb linewidths due to pulse dynamics in mode-locked laser SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS AB Measurements of the pulse dynamics in a modelocked laser show that gain dynamics must be included. The dynamical response of the timing and phase are measured using femtosecond comb techniques, allowing prediction of the width of the comb lines due to noise. C1 [Cundiff, S. T.; Wahlstrand, J. K.; Willits, J.; Schibli, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, S. T.; Wahlstrand, J. K.; Willits, J.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Menyuk, C. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 719 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382609 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200359 ER PT S AU Diddams, SA AF Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Low-noise microwave and optical waveform synthesis with femtosecond laser frequency combs SO 2007 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 21-25, 2007 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL AB Low-noise 10 GHz signals are generated from a reference laser whose frequency is divided down by a factor of similar to 5(.)10(4) with a femtosecond laser optical frequency comb. Recent results, including extensions toward synthesis of complex microwave and optical waveforms will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 847,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-1-4244-0924-2 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2007 BP 731 EP 732 DI 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382615 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BIG51 UT WOS:000259345200365 ER PT S AU Qian, Y Lu, KJ Rong, B Lugo, H Tipper, D AF Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Rong, Bo Lugo, Hector Tipper, David GP IEEE TI An optimal key management scheme for wireless sensor networks SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB For wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a common assumption in most existing distributed key management schemes is that all sensor nodes have the same capability. However, recent studies have suggested that connectivity and lifetime of a sensor network can be substantially improved if some nodes are given greater power and transmission capability. Accordingly, this paper investigates the key management in heterogeneous WSNs (HWSNs). In particular, we use the cost, key connectivity, and resilience as objectives to formulate a key management optimization problem. To obtain the near-optimal solution to this problem, we further develop a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach. Numerical results show that our proposed key management scheme has satisfying performance. C1 [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Kejie; Rong, Bo; Lugo, Hector] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Tipper, David] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Informat Sci & Telecommun, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0424546]; NSF EPSCoR start-up grant in Puerto Rico FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number 0424546, and in part by NSF EPSCoR start-up grant in Puerto Rico. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000001 ER PT S AU Yoo, SJ Cypher, D Golmie, N AF Yoo, Sang-Jo Cypher, David Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI LMS predictive link triggering for seamiless handovers in heterogeneous wireless networks SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE AB Effective and timely link layer trigger mechanisms can significantly influence the handover performance. In this paper, a predictive link trigger mechanism for seamless horizontal and vertical handovers in heterogeneous wireless networks is proposed. Firstly, the time required to perform a handover is estimated based on the neighboring network conditions. Secondly, the time to trigger a Link _Going_Down to initiate a handover is determined using a Least Mean Square (EMS) linear prediction in which the prediction interval (k(h)) is dynamically determined based on the estimated handover time. Simulation results of the proposed predictive link triggering mechanism show that it provides a timely proactive handover. The packet loss rate observed in a Gaussian fading channel remains low during a handover. C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. [Cypher, David; Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. EM sjyoo@inha.ac.kr FU NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) FX "This research was supported by the NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES)" NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 579 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160000091 ER PT S AU Lu, KJ Fu, SL Qian, Y Kota, S AF Lu, Kejie Fu, Shengli Qian, Yi Kota, Sastri GP IEEE TI A novel architecture for future wireless mesh networks SO 2007 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2007) CY OCT 29-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID CAPACITY AB Connectivity and efficiency are two major issues in the design of future wireless mesh networks. In this paper, we will propose a novel network architecture that can address the two major issues in a cost-effective manner In particular, our architecture is based on an overlay hypernetwork, which consists of multiple hyperchannels, each of which can provide connectivity for multiple nodes in the hyperchannel. By comparison, a typical tunnel in existing overlay network schemes can only provide connectivity for two end nodes. Based on this architecture, we further develop advanced network coding schemes that can significantly improve e performance of the network in terms of throughput and delay. C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Fu, Shengli] Univ North Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kota, Sastri] Harris Corp, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Lu, KJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0424546, 0636421]; NSF EPSCoR FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number 0424546 and Award Number 0636421, and in part by NSF EPSCoR start-up grant in Puerto Rico. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-1512-0 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2007 BP 2032 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHL80 UT WOS:000254160001085 ER PT S AU Mateu, J Orloff, N Rinehart, M Booth, JC AF Mateu, Jordi Orloff, Nathan Rinehart, Matt Booth, James C. GP IEEE TI Broadband permittivity of liquids extracted from transmission line measurements of microfluidic channels SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE coplanar wave-guides; microfluidic measurements; permittivity measurements AB We present a semi-analytical procedure to extract the permittivity of fluids from measurements in our microfluidic-microelectronic platform. This platform consists of broadband coplanar waveguide transmission lines with integrated microfluidic channels for characterizing the dielectric properties of submicroliter fluid samples. On-wafer calibration techniques are used to obtain the S-parameters of the composite structure (transmission line and microfluid channel) up to 40 GHz. Using microwave network analysis theory, we isolated the response of the microfluidic channel. We modeled the microfluidic channel as a distributed transmission line segment and as a single RLCG elemental segment. Both approaches analytically yield the circuit capacitance C(F) and conductance G(F) per unit length of the segment incorporating the microfluidic channel. A finite element electromagnetic simulator is then used to obtain the permittivity of the fluid as a continuous function of frequency. We applied this technique to extract the permittivity of submicroliter liquid volumes. Here we present results on polystyrene latex beads suspended in an aqueous solution over the frequency range from 100 MHz to 40 GHz. C1 [Mateu, Jordi; Orloff, Nathan; Rinehart, Matt; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mateu, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2007 BP 523 EP 526 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380523 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827401035 ER PT S AU Dietlein, C Chisum, JD Ramirez, MD Luukanen, A Grossman, EN Popovic, Z AF Dietlein, C. Chisum, J. D. Ramirez, M. D. Luukanen, A. Grossman, E. N. Popovic, Z. GP IEEE TI Integrated microbolometer antenna characterization from 95-650 GHz SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE bolometers; Niobium; lens antennas; submillimeter wave antennas; submillimeter wave detectors; submillimeter wave measurements AB Electrical responsivity and radiation patterns are presented for a Nb microbolometer coupled to an ultrawideband spiral antenna at 300 K. A hyper-hemispherical substrate lens focuses incident radiation through the substrate onto the antenna. The Nb bridge is suspended in air between the feed points of the equiangular spiral antenna with a nominal bandwidth of 0.2-1.8 THz. Pattern measurements are performed at 95 GHz, 238 GHz, and 650 GHz. Polarization at 95 GHz is also explored. C1 [Dietlein, C.; Chisum, J. D.; Ramirez, M. D.; Popovic, Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dietlein, C.; Grossman, E. N.] VTT Tech Res Ctr, MilliLab, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. [Dietlein, C.; Chisum, J. D.; Grossman, E. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelectron Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dietlein, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF [0501578, 40384/05]; NSF AGEP [HRD-0086551]; NIST FX The authors acknowledge funding under a NSF Interdisciplinary Award, #0501578, and Tekes decision #40384/05. M. Rami'rez was supported by the NSF AGEP grant, cooperative agreement #HRD-0086551. NIST is a US Government organization, therefore this work is not subject to copyright. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 1162 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827403012 ER PT S AU Orloff, N Mateu, J Murakami, M Takeuchi, I Booth, JC AF Orloff, Nathan Mateu, Jordi Murakami, Makoto Takeuchi, Ichiro Booth, James C. GP IEEE TI Broadband characterization of multilayer dielectric thin-films SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE broadband; multiferroic; PbTiO3; thin-films AB We developed a measurement technique for obtaining the broadband complex permittivity of thin-film dielectric materials over the frequency range from 100 Hz - 40 GHz. Such broad frequency coverage can only be accomplished by combining lumped-element and distributed devices, and is implemented in this technique using planar capacitors and transmission lines. We experimentally determined the capacitance and conductance per unit length for these different structures fabricated on the same thin-film samples, and, through the use of detailed finite-element simulations, extract consistent values for the relative permittivity. We demonstrate the utility of this technique by applying it to study the frequency dependence of the dielectric response of ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and multi-ferroic thin-film samples. C1 [Orloff, Nathan; Mateu, Jordi; Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Orloff, Nathan; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Orloff, Nathan; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mateu, Jordi] Polytech Univ, Barcelona, Spain. [Murakami, Makoto; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Orloff, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RI mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [RYC- 2005-01125] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance and support of Matthew Rinehart for his contribution to this work. NO thanks M. Janezic and A. Lewandowski for their discussions about microwave transmission theory. JM thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education through the contract RYC- 2005-01125. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 1174 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827403015 ER PT S AU Kazemi, H Nagy, G Tran, L Grossman, E Brown, ER Gossard, AC Boreman, GD Lail, B Young, AC Zimmerman, JD AF Kazemi, H. Nagy, G. Tran, L. Grossman, E. Brown, E. R. Gossard, A. C. Boreman, G. D. Lail, B. Young, A. C. Zimmerman, J. D. GP IEEE TI Ultra sensitive ErAs/InAlGaAs direct detectors for millimeter wave and THz imaging applications SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE millimeter wave imager; direct detection; Schottky diode; ErAs; InGaAs; rectifier diode; responsivity; sensitivity; W-band AB A new class of zero bias, room temperature ultra sensitive detectors have been introduced for detection of millimeter wave radiation. The detectors have been scaled to micron level and have shown record responsivity in three forms. A W-band waveguide detector was designed and measured to have 4500 V/W voltage responsivity. A planar antenna coupled detector was also evaluated with and measured a responsivity 16100 V-mm(2)/W from 75-110 GHz. Following a resonant impedance matching technique an on-wafer characterization have shown voltage responsivity to exceed 20,000 V/W. The result does not include the reflected power from the detector and have shown that these detectors could provide noise equivalent power (NEP) values in the 4x10(-13) W/ root Hz level. C1 [Kazemi, H.; Nagy, G.; Tran, L.] Teledyne Sci Co, 1049 Camino Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. [Grossman, E.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, E. R.; Gossard, A. C.; Young, A. C.; Zimmerman, J. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Boreman, G. D.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Lail, B.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Kazemi, H (reprint author), Teledyne Sci Co, 1049 Camino Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. EM hkazemi@teledyne.com RI Zimmerman, Jeramy/C-2273-2009 OI Zimmerman, Jeramy/0000-0001-8936-5345 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 1363 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2007.380467 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827403060 ER PT S AU Collado, C Mateu, J Booth, JC O'Callaghan, JM AF Collado, Carlos Mateu, Jordi Booth, James C. O'Callaghan, Juan M. GP IEEE TI Detuning and saturation of superconducting devices: Formulation and measurements SO 2007 IEEE/MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 03-08, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE MTTS DE detuning; HTS; nonlinear transmission line; saturation; superconductor; superconducting resonator AB Saturation and detuning of high temperature superconducting (HTS) resonators and filters may occur due to the inherent nonlinear properties of the superconductor. In HTS transmission lines, these nonlinear properties introduce a dependence of the inductance and resistance per unit length on the current through the line and, if the line forms a resonator, this current dependence provokes changes in quality factor and/or resonant frequency with incident power. This paper derives equations for the dependence of the quality factor and resonant frequency of a nonlinear transmission line vs. source power and relates it to the circuit parameters of a nonlinear transmission fine. The equations are verified with measurements in a 3.3 GHz YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator at 76 K and with simulations using harmonic balance. C1 [Collado, Carlos; Mateu, Jordi; O'Callaghan, Juan M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Campus Nord, Barcelona, Spain. [Booth, James C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Collado, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Campus Nord, Barcelona, Spain. RI collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU MEC [MAT2005-05656-C04-03, TEC2006-13248-C04-02, RYC-2005-001125] FX Work supported by the MEC Projects MAT2005-05656-C04-03, TEC2006-13248-C04-02 and RYC-2005-001125. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-0687-6 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2007 BP 2014 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BGV76 UT WOS:000250827405039 ER PT S AU Hoover, AS Bacrania, MK Dry, D Hastings, EP Lamont, SP Rim, JH Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT Beall, JA Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Ullom, JN Vale, LR Kilbourne, CA King, J Porter, FS AF Hoover, A. S. Bacrania, M. K. Dry, D. Hastings, E. P. Lamont, S. P. Rim, J. H. Rabin, M. W. Rudy, C. R. Vo, D. T. Beall, J. A. Doriese, W. B. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. Kilbourne, C. A. King, J. Porter, F. S. GP IEEE TI Simulating the response of ultra-high energy resolution X- and gamma-ray microcalorimeter detectors SO 2007 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 26-NOV 03, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Microcalorimeter detectors based on transition-edge sensors coupled to a bulk absorber are an emerging technology for hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray measurements. Monte Carlo simulations codes, like GEANT4, can be a valuable tool for evaluating detector design ideas, interpreting measured data, and predicting detector performance. We report on initial attempts to reproduce measured microcalorimeter data with GEANT4 simulations. C1 [Hoover, A. S.; Bacrania, M. K.; Dry, D.; Hastings, E. P.; Lamont, S. P.; Rim, J. H.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kilbourne, C. A.; King, J.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Rim, Jung/J-5150-2015 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Rim, Jung/0000-0002-9081-0917 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0922-8 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2007 BP 847 EP 849 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4436461 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHY13 UT WOS:000257380400183 ER PT S AU Hernandez-Mora, M Akuffo, A Hood, C Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Hefner, A AF Hernandez-Mora, Madelaine Akuffo, Adwoa Hood, Colleen Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M. Hefner, Allen GP IEEE TI Experimental evaluation of SiC PiN diode forward bias degradation and long term stability SO 2007 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Power Electronic Specialists Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB New automated measurement systems and test procedures are presented that enable the evaluation of long-term stability of SiC PiN diodes. Long-term stability results are presented for 10 kV SiC PiN diodes that are made using a new fabrication technology developed to eliminate the source of the degradation. The major objectives of the long-term stability test procedures are to monitor the forward on-state voltage degradation and current area reduction for different forward bias stress levels. Three experimental systems have been used to perform the long-term stability study. Results show that it is possible for SiC diodes to perform acceptably after over 2000 hours of forward bias stress time. C1 [Hernandez-Mora, Madelaine; Akuffo, Adwoa; Hood, Colleen; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.; Hefner, Allen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hernandez-Mora, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-0654-8 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2007 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1109/PESC.2007.4341962 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHD87 UT WOS:000252375200010 ER PT S AU Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Duong, T Rivera-Lopez, A Hefner, AR AF Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M. Duong, T. Rivera-Lopez, A. Hefner, A. R., Jr. GP IEEE TI High-voltage, high-frequency SiC power MOSFETs model validation SO 2007 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Power Electronic Specialists Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB Circuit simulator model validation procedures and results are presented for SiC power MOSFETs. The characteristics discussed include on-state conduction, resistive load switching, inductive load switching, and high voltage depletion capacitance. The validation procedures are performed using a script written in the AIM language that is incorporated in the Saber(R)(lozenge) circuit simulator. The script uses the model parameter sets from the IGBT Model Parameter ExtrACTion (IMPACT) tools to perform simulations and then compares the simulated results with measured characteristics. Example validation results are presented for recently developed 5 A, 10 kV SiC power MOSFETs demonstrating for the first time the model performance at the full application switching voltage (5 kV for the 10 kV devices). C1 [Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M.; Duong, T.; Rivera-Lopez, A.; Hefner, A. R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-0654-8 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2007 BP 1018 EP 1022 DI 10.1109/PESC.2007.4342130 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHD87 UT WOS:000252375201082 ER PT S AU Stenbakken, G Nelson, T AF Stenbakken, Gerard Nelson, Tom GP IEEE TI Static calibration and dynamic characterization of PMUs at NIST SO 2007 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 24, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Power Engn Soc DE calibration; dynamics; global positioning system; phase measurement; PMU; power system control; power system measurements; power system reliability; synchronization AB This paper describes the development of two test systems at NIST aimed at improving the calibration and characterization of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) synchronized electric power instrumentation. Reference to UTC is used to meet the need for precise time synchronization of instrumentation designed to monitor the state of the grid over its wide geographic area. The first test system is used to perform calibrations of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for parameters that have performance requirements specified in IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems, IEEE Standard C37.118-2005. Tests performed on this system use static electric power signals. The second test system is being developed to perform dynamic tests of PMUs. This paper also describes the development of a PMU Testing Guideline by an industry wide task force as part of the Eastern Interconnect Phasor Project (EIPP). C1 [Stenbakken, Gerard; Nelson, Tom] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stenbakken, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Inter Agency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology; DOE IAA [DE-AI-06TD450] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Inter - Agency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Tec hnology,DOE IAA ID No. DE-AI-06TD450 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-1296-9 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2007 BP 3123 EP 3126 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY37 UT WOS:000251345403026 ER PT S AU Stenbakken, G Zhou, M AF Stenbakken, Gerard Zhou, Ming GP IEEE TI Dynamic phasor measurement unit test system SO 2007 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 24, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Power Engn Soc DE calibration; dynamic measurement; electric power grid; Global Positioning System; phase measurement; PMU; power system reliability; synchronization; time-synchronized metrology ID FREQUENCY; IMPLEMENTATION AB This paper presents the plans and progress towards the development of a dynamic phasor measurement unit (PMU) performance test system at NIST. We describe an algorithm for taking time-synchronized samples of single-phase voltage and current power signals and calculating their dynamic parameters, in particular the signal magnitude, phase, frequency, and rate of change of frequency that a PMU reports. PMUs must time stamp their values at periodic Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) markers called the update times. Thus, to provide a reference for PMU testing the sampled data can be fit to a model to define the value of a dynamic parameter at a specific time. The analysis model proposed in this paper assumes that the dynamic magnitude and frequency parameters of the signals are constant over the sampling interval analyzed. This analysis interval is usually the same as the update period or an integer multiple of that period. In the proposed analysis model the dynamic magnitude and frequency parameters are considered a polynomial in time about the update times. The order of the polynomial can be adjusted in a way that meets the needs of the signal being analyzed, yet minimizes the computational effort and sensitivity to noise. We show that when the dynamic variations are analyzed in this way, a single matrix can be used to iteratively converge on a good estimate of the dynamic frequency and magnitude parameters. The polynomial model can be used to generate and analyze test signals. Several test patterns are proposed, which include linearly changing magnitudes or frequencies. As expected, during low voltage tests of the system, the analysis does very well when the generation model matches the analysis model. Several other generation models are also proposed, such as sine waves or damped sine waves. The proposed analysis model is shown to be very accurate in these cases as well. C1 [Stenbakken, Gerard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Ming] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Stenbakken, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gstenbakken@nist.gov; zhouming@vt.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Inter Agency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology; DOE IAA [DE-AI-06TD45040]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Inter - Agency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology,DOE IAA ID No. DE-AI-06TD45040. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to copyright in the United States NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-1296-9 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2007 BP 4058 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY37 UT WOS:000251345404014 ER PT B AU Bostelman, R Albus, J AF Bostelman, Roger Albus, James GP IEEE TI A multipurpose robotic wheelchair and rehabilitation device for the home SO 2007 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, RSJ AB This paper describes a novel Home Lift, Position, and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, designed at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to provide independent patient mobility for indoor tasks, such as moving to and placing a person on a toilet or bed, and lift assistance for tasks, such as accessmig kitchen or other tall shelves. These functionalities are currently out of reach of most wheelchair users. One of the design motivations of the HLPR Chair is to reduce back injury, typically, an important issue in the care of this group. The HLPR Chair is currently being extended to be an autonomous mobility device to assist cognition by route and trajectory planning. This paper describes the design of HLPR Chair, its control architecture, and algorithms for autonomous planning and control using its unique kinematics. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Albus, James] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0912-9 PY 2007 BP 3354 EP 3359 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BHL44 UT WOS:000254073202075 ER PT B AU Bachmann, S DeBrunner, V Zrnic, D AF Bachmann, Svetlana DeBrunner, Victor Zrnic, Dusan GP IEEE TI Detection of small aircraft with Doppler weather radar SO 2007 IEEE/SP 14TH WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE/SP Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL Madison, WI SP IEEE, SP DE frequency domain analysis; noise measurement; adaptive signal processing AB We present a method that can be performed in parallel to reflectivity estimation in weather radar and that allows one to detect small aircraft. Though small aircraft and large birds might produce comparable reflectivity signals their spectral signatures are considerably different. A small aircraft with propellers can be recognized from its spectrum via modulations produced by Doppler shifts from rotating parts. Generally such a spectrum has an elevated spectral floor compared to the spectrum of a resolution volume without an airplane. The spectral floor level is used for detection. The method is demonstrated on a clear air case observed with Doppler weather radar on March 6, 2007 at elevation 0.50 degrees. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana; Zrnic, Dusan] Natl Severe Storm Lab, NOAA, OAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. [DeBrunner, Victor] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bachmann, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1197-9 PY 2007 BP 443 EP + DI 10.1109/SSP.2007.4301297 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHI51 UT WOS:000253416000092 ER PT S AU O'Neill, BE Li, KCP Frenkel, V Vo, H Angstadt, M Wood, BJ Quinn, TP AF O'Neill, Brian E. Li, King C. P. Frenkel, Victor Vo, Howard Angstadt, Mary Wood, Bradford J. Quinn, Timothy P. GP IEEE TI Investigations into the potential contribution of a thermal mechanism for pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound mediated delivery SO 2007 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 28-31, 2007 CL New York, NY SP IEEE DE drug delivery; high intensity focused ultrasound; hyperthermia; thermal mechanism AB The mechanism behind pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) effects leading to increased drug delivery is currently poorly understood. In this work the thermal dose and peak temperatures associated with a typical pHIFU treatment were measured in mouse muscle. A non-ultrasonic hyperthermia (HT) treatment was then applied, designed to mimic the thermal component of the pHIFU treatment. The delivery of 200 nm fluorescent nanoparticles was measured as a surrogate marker for drug delivery by pHIFU and HT treatments. Only the pHIFU treatment showed a significant increase In particle delivery. C1 [O'Neill, Brian E.; Li, King C. P.] Methodist Hosp, Dept Radiol, 6535 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Frenkel, Victor; Vo, Howard; Angstadt, Mary; Wood, Bradford J.] NIH, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Quinn, Timothy P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO USA. RP O'Neill, BE (reprint author), Methodist Hosp, Dept Radiol, 6535 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM beoneill@tmhs.org; vfrenkel@cc.nih.gov; quinn@boulder.nist.gov FU Research Associateship Program of the National Academies of Science FX Funded with support of the Research Associateship Program of the National Academies of Science. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-1383-6 J9 ULTRASON PY 2007 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.16 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Biophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Biophysics; Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHM55 UT WOS:000254281800001 ER PT B AU Martin, AF Garofolo, JS AF Martin, Alvin F. Garofolo, John S. TI NIST speech processing evaluations: LVCSR, speaker recognition, language recognition SO 2007 IEEE WORKSHOP ON SIGNAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC SECURITY AND FORENSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Applications for Public Security and Forensics CY APR 11-13, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has coordinated numerous evaluations of speech and language technology over the past two decades. We discuss here evaluations in three general areas of speech processing that have security and forensic applications: large vocabulary conversational speech recognition (LVCSR), speaker recognition, and language recognition. C1 [Martin, Alvin F.; Garofolo, John S.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, AF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1225-9 PY 2007 BP 32 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGN13 UT WOS:000248558700008 ER PT B AU Hillkirk, LM Hefner, AR Dutton, RW AF Hillkirk, Leonardo M. Hefner, Allen R. Dutton, Robert W. GP IEEE TI Physics-based numerical simulation for design of high-voltage, extremely-high current density SiC power devices SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Hillkirk, Leonardo M.; Hefner, Allen R.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dutton, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hillkirk, LM (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hillkirk@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 152 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100077 ER PT B AU Lelis, AJ Habersat, D Green, R Ogunniyi, A Gurfinkel, M Suehle, J Goldsman, N AF Lelis, A. J. Habersat, D. Green, R. Ogunniyi, A. Gurfinkel, M. Suehle, J. Goldsman, N. GP IEEE TI Time dependence of bias-stress induced threshold-voltage instability measurements SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Lelis, A. J.; Habersat, D.; Green, R.; Ogunniyi, A.] US Army, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. [Goldsman, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gurfinkel, M.; Suehle, J.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Lelis, AJ (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM alelis@arl.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 495 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100254 ER PT B AU Zhu, XX Li, QL Ioannou, DE Kimes, WA Suehle, JS Maslar, JE Xiong, HD Yang, S Richter, CA AF Zhu, Xiaoxiao Li, Qiliang Ioannou, Dimitris E. Kimes, William A. Suehle, John S. Maslar, James E. Xiong, Hao D. Yang, Shuo Richter, Curt A. GP IEEE TI Silicon nanowire memory application using hafnium oxide charge storage layer SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Ioannou, Dimitris E.; Yang, Shuo] George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Suehle, John S.; Xiong, Hao D.; Yang, Shuo; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] NIST, Proc Measurment Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhu, XX (reprint author), George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM xzhu3@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 514 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100264 ER PT B AU Hamadani, BH McCulloch, I Heeney, M Gundlach, DJ AF Hamadani, Behrang H. McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin Gundlach, David J. GP IEEE TI Achieving high mobilities in solution-processable organic FETs by minimizing contact effects SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Gundlach, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin] Merk Chem, London, England. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 526 EP 526 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100270 ER PT B AU Jurchescu, OD Hamadani, BH Xiong, H Park, SK Subramanian, S Zimmerman, NM Anthony, J Jackson, TN Gundlach, DJ AF Jurchescu, Oana D. Hamadani, Behrang H. Xiong, Hao Park, Sungkyu K. Subramanian, Sankar Zimmerman, Neil M. Anthony, John Jackson, Thomas N. Gundlach, David J. GP IEEE TI Influence of the film microstructure on the electronic properties and flicker noise in organic thin film transistors SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Hamadani, Behrang H.; Xiong, Hao; Gundlach, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Park, Sungkyu K.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Thin Film Dev & Materials Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Subramanian, Sankar; Anthony, John] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY USA. [Zimmerman, Neil M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Jurchescu, OD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM oana.jurchescu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100272 ER PT B AU Lucas, LA DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ Kline, RJ Fischer, DA Kaafarani, BR Jabbour, GE AF Lucas, Leah A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Richter, Lee J. Kline, R. Joseph Fischer, Daniel A. Kaafarani, Bilal R. Jabbour, Ghassan E. GP IEEE TI Thin film microstructure of solution processable pyrene-based small molecules for electronic applications SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Lucas, Leah A.; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lucas, Leah A.; Jabbour, Ghassan E.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Richter, Lee J.; Kline, R. Joseph; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kaafarani, Bilal R.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Lucas, LA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.; Lucas, LA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM leah.lucas@asu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 534 EP 534 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100275 ER PT B AU Motayed, A Davydov, AV Mohammad, SN Melngailis, J AF Motayed, A. Davydov, A. V. Mohammad, S. N. Melngailis, J. GP IEEE TI Gallium nitride nanowire devices - Fabrication, characterization, and transport properties SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Motayed, A.; Davydov, A. V.; Mohammad, S. N.; Melngailis, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 552 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100285 ER PT B AU Maslar, JE Hurst, WS Burgess, DR Kimes, WA Nguyen, NV Moore, EF AF Maslar, J. E. Hurst, W. S. Burgess, D. R. Kimes, W. A. Nguyen, N. V. Moore, E. F. GP IEEE TI In situ gas phase infrared absorption measurements during hafnium oxide atomic layer deposition SO 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL College Pk, MD C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Hurst, W. S.; Burgess, D. R.; Kimes, W. A.; Nguyen, N. V.; Moore, E. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1891-6 PY 2007 BP 632 EP 633 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHR89 UT WOS:000255857100326 ER PT B AU Siegrist, K Podobedov, V Schwarzkopf, A Pfefferkorn, C Plusquellic, DF AF Siegrist, K. Podobedov, V. Schwarzkopf, A. Pfefferkorn, C. Plusquellic, D. F. GP IEEE TI CW THz Spectroscopy of alanyl valine and valyl alanine SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE biomolecules; CW THz spectroscopy; hydrophobic solvent interactions; nanotubes; peptides ID TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMIXERS AB CW THz spectroscopy has been used to investigate the lowest frequency vibrational modes of a pair of isostructural dipeptide nanotubes. THz spectra were obtained from 2 cm(-1) to 100 cm(-1) at 4.2 K for several different preparations of alanyl vatine and valyl alanine, as a means of studying effects of cocrystallized solvent molecules on the spectra of these hydrophobic nanotubes. Removal of water or other solvent molecules from the flexible pores of the alanyl valine hydrophobic nanotubes resulted in shifts of a few cm(-1) in the apparent positions of some spectral features. For valyl alanine, spectral changes are even smaller, reflecting the lessened impact of hydrophobic interactions on the stronger h-bonding network of this dipeptide. C1 [Siegrist, K.; Podobedov, V.; Schwarzkopf, A.; Pfefferkorn, C.; Plusquellic, D. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siegrist, K (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900033 ER PT B AU Audley, MD Glowacka, DM Goldie, DJ Lasenby, AN Tsaneva, VN Withington, S Grimes, PK North, CE Yassin, G Piccirillo, L Pisano, G Ade, PAR Teleberg, G Irwin, KD Duncan, WD Reintsema, CD Halpern, M Battistelli, ES AF Audley, M. D. Glowacka, D. M. Goldie, D. J. Lasenby, A. N. Tsaneva, V. N. Withington, S. Grimes, P. K. North, C. E. Yassin, G. Piccirillo, L. Pisano, G. Ade, P. A. R. Teleberg, G. Irwin, K. D. Duncan, W. D. Reintsema, C. D. Halpern, M. Battistelli, E. S. GP IEEE TI Tests of finline-coupled TES bolometers for ClOVER SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS AB CLOVER aims to detect the signature of gravitational waves from inflation by measuring the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background. CLOVER consists of two polarimeters. One operates at 97 GHz, using fintine-coupled Transition Edge Sensors (TES). The other has a combined 150/220-GHz focal plane populated by radial-probe coupled TES detectors. The 97-GHz instrument will have 100 feedhorns and 200 detectors while the combined 150 and 220-GHz instrument will have a total of 200 horns. To achieve the target NEP of 1.5 x 10(-17) W Hz(-1) the 97-GHz detectors will have a transition temperature of 190 mK and will operate with a base temperature of similar to 100 mK. CLOVER's detectors are fabricated on 225-micron silicon substrates. In the 97-GHz instrument a finline transition feeds a microstrip which is terminated by a matched resistor on the silicon nitride island that carries the TES. Each detector is fabricated as a single chip to ensure a 100% operational focal plane. The detectors are mounted in linear modules made of copper which form split-block waveguides. Each detector module contains a time-division SQUID multiplexer to read out the detectors. The multiplexed signals are further amplified by SQUID series arrays. The first prototype detectors for CLOVER have a transition temperature of 350 mK and were fabricated to validate the detector design and the polarimeter technology. We have characterised these detectors in a dedicated test facility. The CLOVER testhed contains cryogenics similar to those in the final instrument: a pulse-tube cooler, He-7 sorption fridge, and a mini dilution fridge so that the detectors are tested in a realistic environment. The test bed has a cryogenic blackbody source with band-defining filters for optical testing. As well as the multi-channel electronics that will be used on the final instrument the test bed has an analogue SQUID readout which allows us to characterise the readout fully. We discuss the results of the detector tests and the design changes needed to achieve the required sensitivity. C1 [Audley, M. D.; Glowacka, D. M.; Goldie, D. J.; Lasenby, A. N.; Tsaneva, V. N.; Withington, S.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Yassin, G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Pisano, G.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Teleberg, G.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Battistelli, E. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Audley, MD (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM audley@mrao.cam.ac.uk NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 175 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900073 ER PT B AU Dicker, SR Mason, BS Korgut, PM Abrahams, JH Ade, PAR Aguirre, J Ames, TJ Benford, DJ Chen, TC Chervenak, JA Cotton, WD Devlin, MJ Figueroa-Feliciano, E Irwin, KD Maher, S Mello, M Moseley, SH Staguhn, J Norrod, RD Tally, DJ Tucker, C Werner, BA White, SD AF Dicker, S. R. Mason, B. S. Korgut, P. M. Abrahams, J. H. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, J. Ames, T. J. Benford, D. J. Chen, T. C. Chervenak, J. A. Cotton, W. D. Devlin, M. J. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Irwin, K. D. Maher, S. Mello, M. Moseley, S. H. Staguhn, J. Norrod, R. D. Tally, D. J. Tucker, C. Werner, B. A. White, S. D. GP IEEE TI MUSTANG. First light and current status SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS ID GREEN BANK TELESCOPE; SYSTEM AB MUSTANG is a 90 GHz bolometer camera built for use as a facility instrument on the 100 m Green Bank radio telescope (GBT). MUSTANG has an 8 by 8 focal plane array of transition edge sensor bolometers read out using time-multiplexed SQUID electronics. On the GBT each pixel has an 8" beam size. In one hour we expect to be able to map a 15' square of sky to 0.2 mJy/beam RMS making MUSTANG on the GBT a very competitive instrument capable of a wide range of galactic and extragalactic science. In September 2006 MUSTANG had first light and became the first instrument to use the GBT at 90 GHz. During two months of subsequent testing we showed that MUSTANG behaved as well on the telescope as it did in the lab. Observations were made of many astronomical sources including Saturn and the star forming region W3. We were able to confirm our beamshape and different observing strategies were tested. Procedures were put in place for pointing and focusing and a data analysis pipeline was set up. Several problems were identified during commissioning and are currently being addressed. One of these, excessive 1/f noise, has already been solved and we plan to take our first science observations in late 2007. C1 [Dicker, S. R.; Devlin, M. J.; Werner, B. A.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mason, B. S.; Korgut, P. M.; Aguirre, J.; Cotton, W. D.; Mello, M.; Norrod, R. D.; White, S. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Abrahams, J. H.; Ames, T. J.; Benford, D. J.; Chen, T. C.; Chervenak, J. A.; Maher, S.; Moseley, S. H.; Staguhn, J.; Tally, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, England. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Dicker, SR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 FU National RadioAstronomy Observatory through the NSF [AST-0607654] FX Funding for this project was provided by the National RadioAstronomy Observatory through the NSF and NSF award number AST-0607654 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 325 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900144 ER PT B AU Campbell, MB DeWitt, MJ Heilweil, EJ AF Campbell, Matthew B. DeWitt, Merrick J. Heilweil, Edwin J. GP IEEE TI Static terahertz imaging at a distance for concealed weapon detection SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE concealed weapons detection; standoff terahertz imaging; submillimeter wave imaging; terahertz focal plane array AB Using a high-powered pulsed terahertz source and electro-optic detection, a method for and examples of static THz imaging of targets at a distance of greater than 3 meters (no THz component is closer than 3 m from the target) are presented. The THz signal in all 200X200 pixels of an image are collected simultaneously to generate THz imagery of targets over the 0.3 THz to 2.0 THz frequency range. The field of view, restricted by a simple single lens optical system, is approximately 10 cm across with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. This capability demonstrates the viability of static electro-optic THz imaging without the need to raster-scan a scene to generate an image. C1 [Campbell, Matthew B.] Sparta Syst Inc, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [DeWitt, Merrick J.] Opt Air Data Syst, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campbell, MB (reprint author), Sparta Syst Inc, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. EM matt_campbell@sparta.com; ejh@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB6H6062] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant 70NANB6H6062. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 634 EP 636 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900286 ER PT B AU Esenturk, O Melinger, JS Heilweil, EJ AF Esenturk, Okan Melinger, Joseph S. Heilweil, Edwin J. GP IEEE TI Photoconductivity of organic semiconductor polymers studied by time-resolved THz-TDS SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS DE conductivity; dynamics; relative mobility; organic semiconductors; THz or terahertz AB This study employs optical-pump terahertz-probe time-domain spectroscopy to measure relative carrier mobilities of semiconductor organic polymer films of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thienop[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) polymers and these results directly correlate to recently reported electrical device mobility measurements.. An approximately four-fold increase in mobility of P3HT is observed with molecular weight increase from c.a. 18 kD to 150 kD where the intrinsic film mobility saturates for molecular weight > 70 kD. The decay dynamics studies of these polymers showed almost no dependence on the molecular weight of the polymer. The studies also showed an order of magnitude increase in mobility between as cast P3HT films and annealed PBTTT films supporting a strong conjugation length effect. We also measured the mobility dependence on the film quality that is affected by regularity of the polymer, dispersing solvent, electron acceptor traps, and other film growth related parameters relevant to device manufacturing. C1 [Esenturk, Okan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Esenturk, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM okane@umd.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 655 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900296 ER PT B AU Gerecht, E Gu, D You, L Yngvesson, S AF Gerecht, E. Gu, D. You, L. Yngvesson, S. GP IEEE TI Advanced imaging and spectroscopy of biological and chemical agents at terahertz frequencies SO 2007 JOINT 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 03-09, 2007 CL Cardiff, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Phys, Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IEEE MTTS ID RECEIVERS AB We are developing hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer receivers for heterodyne detection at terahertz frequencies. HEB detectors provide unprecedented sensitivity and spectral resolution at terahertz frequencies. Terahertz imagers based on HEB technology have sufficient sensitivity to operate in a passive imaging mode, thus eliminating the need for active illumination. HEB mixers have, therefore, become the detectors of choice for applications requiring low noise temperatures at frequencies from 0.5 THz to 10 THz. Previously, we have developed receivers and focal plane arrays operating near the quantum noise limit for astrophysical applications. We have demonstrated a low-noise heterodyne focal plane array (FPA) operating at 0.85 THz. HEB technology is becoming the basis for advanced terahertz imaging and spectroscopic technologies for the study of biological and chemical agents over the entire terahertz spectrum. We also demonstrated a fully automated passive imaging system based on our HEB technology. Our high spectral resolution terahertz imager has a noise equivalent temperature difference (NE Delta T) value of better than 0.5 K and a spatial resolution of a few millimeters. C1 [Gerecht, E.; Gu, D.; You, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yngvesson, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Gerecht, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerecht@nist.gov RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1438-3 PY 2007 BP 733 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIA55 UT WOS:000257936900334 ER PT S AU White, S AF White, Stephen GP IEEE TI Utilization of LIDAR and NOAA's vertical datum transformation tool (VDatum) for shoreline delineation SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID COASTAL; EROSION; BEACH AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), an organization of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is mandated to map the United States' coastal boundary, defining the nation's legal shoreline. This paper presents a new methodology for extraction of shorelines from lidar data. The methodology incorporates NOAA's vertical datum transformation tool (VDatum) for transforming lidar data to a specified tidally-based datum for shoreline extraction. The VDatum utility comprises geoid models, fields representing departures of an orthometric datum from local mean sea level, and hydrodynamic models portraying tidal regimes for accurate demarcation of coastal lines. The procedure presented here minimizes the variability and subjectivity that have plagued more traditional shoreline delineation techniques. The semi-automated routine allows for consistent, non-interpreted shorelines to be derived, providing significant advantages over proxies such as the high water fine, beach scarps, and dune lines. This technique is invariant to coastline type, and has provided good results for a range of margins, such as a sandy or rocky. Additional advantages include the ability to derive multiple tidally-based shorelines from a single dataset and greater flexibility in data acquisition. Perhaps most importantly, the lidar data can be collected in a manner to support a variety of Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping (IOCAM) applications, including nautical charting, storm surge/tsunami modeling, coral reef mapping, ecosystem monitoring, and coastal mapping. C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP White, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 E W Highway,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300032 ER PT S AU Pruessner, A Fanelli, P Paternostro, C AF Pruessner, A. Fanelli, P. Paternostro, C. GP IEEE TI C-MIST: An automated oceanographic data processing software suite SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB We introduce an enterprise software suite to automate the processing of large-scale, large-volume current meter data for dissemination to the nation's maritime community. Currents Measurement Interface for the Study of Tides (C-MIST) is a web-based end-to-end state-of-the-art data management system to ingest, quality control, analyze, and disseminate water velocity and related data from coastal and estuarine collections. Using real-world case studies from Southeast Alaska and Galveston Bay we demonstrate how the various modules of the system allow oceanographers to apply their expertise in analyzing complex data to research natural phenomena. C1 [Pruessner, A.; Fanelli, P.; Paternostro, C.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pruessner, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, CO OPS, 1305 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Armin.Pruessner@noaa.gov; Paul.Fanelli@noaa.gov; Christopher.Paernostro@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300040 ER PT S AU Ruberg, SA Muzzi, RW Brandt, SB Lane, JC Miller, TC Gray, JJ Constant, SA Downing, EJ AF Ruberg, S. A. Muzzi, R. W. Brandt, S. B. Lane, J. C. Miller, T. C. Gray, J. J. Constant, S. A. Downing, E. J. GP IEEE TI A wireless internet-based observatory: The real-time coastal observation network (ReCON) SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB ReCON, a coastal observation network with nodes on Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie, has been designed to allow flexible deployment of coastal access points and simplified integration of sensor packages. The system provides continuous observations of chemical, biological, and physical parameters, facilitates modification of sampling parameters in anticipation of episodic events, facilitates collection of field samples in response to episodic events, supports long term research and contributes to sensor and system development. The system currently supports projects addressing harmful algal bloom (HAB) detection, human health observations related to beach closures and drinking water processing concerns, rip current warnings, integrated ecosystem assessment, and public access to historic shipwrecks at the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. ReCON system development relies on wireless broadband technology and a network-based underwater hub designed to allow expansion via satellite nodes. The system architecture allows simplified integration of sensors from various institutions through guest ports. Access to and control of instrumentation is made available to the scientific community and educational institutions through the internet. A real-time database management system provides data and information for forecast model initial conditions, forecast verification, public information, and educational outreach. The technology demonstrated on the ReCON project represents an important contribution to the success of regional coastal ocean observing systems. The pervasiveness of wireless internet technology in coastal regions represents an opportunity to significantly expand high bandwidth coastal observation capabilities. Implementing ReCON on a regional coastal level in the Great Lakes has contributed to better tools and understanding for managers and educators, more on-water observations for marine forecasters, and improved scientific measurements. C1 [Ruberg, S. A.; Muzzi, R. W.; Brandt, S. B.; Lane, J. C.; Miller, T. C.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gray, J. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Constant, S. A.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Downing, E. J.] Merit Networks Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Ruberg, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. FU NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Office of Ocean Exploration FX The work described here was funded by NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, the Highm Performance Computing program, the Office of Ocean Exploration, and the Integrated Ocean Observing Systems project. This is Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory contribution number 1442. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 730 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300103 ER PT S AU Willis, ZS AF Willis, Zdenka S. GP IEEE TI NOAA's new IOOS program SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Having information about our environment is key to sustaining Earth, our way of life, and future generations. The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a nationally important infrastructure that win enable many different users to characterize, understand, predict and monitor changes in coastal and ocean environments and ecosystems. This infrastructure is critical to understanding, responding and adapting to the effects of severe weather, global-to-regional climate variability, and natural hazards. NOAA owns and operates much of the coastal and ocean observing and data distribution infrastructure. NOAA is the only federal agency that has responsibility for some aspect of all seven IOOS goals through our many mandates and programs; IOOS objectives are inherent to our mission. In December 2006, NOAA decided to standup an IOOS Program Office that will provide a central focal point for IOOS activities within NOAA. In the near-term NOAA will concentrate on developing a data integration framework A fully operational data integration framework will take significant time to develop. However, we have set a 12 month goal of standing up the framework necessary to integrate five core IOOS variables, from multiple NOAA observing sources, for rapid and routine operational access and use by NOAA product developers and other end users. Between months 12 and 18, we expect to ingest these integrated variables into four specific NOAA data products. We will then systematically test and evaluate product enhancements, and verify, validate, and benchmark new performance specifications for operational use. Integrated regional coastal ocean observing system data, and effective regional management structures, are critical components of a fully realized U.S. IOOS program. NOAA intends to continue supporting the development and integration of these regional components. Regional partners are both producers and consumers of data and; therefore, will continue to have a role in the development of NOAA!s IOOS data integration framework. The new office will serve as a focal point for the regions on U.S. IOOS efforts. The paper will discuss how NOAA is approaching the data integration framework within the context of NOAA and our United States Federal and Non-Federal partners. Further, we will discuss the context of integrating data and the necessary standards definition that must be done not only within the United States but in a larger global context. Conceptually, anyone interested in ocean observing or using ocean observations is a part of IOOS. Structurally, members include Federal agencies, state agencies, academic institutions, regional associations, trade associations, professional societies, business interests, public interest groups, and interested families and individuals. The IOOS model is assembling observations from diverse sponsors, thereby insuring innovation from independent perspectives, and yet establishing a foundation for all the diverse components to share data. The power of IOOS is synergy. Integrated data provides a board and synoptic view of our coastal, Great Lakes and ocean environments. By working together to integrate data we increase our knowledge of complex environmental phenomena which enables us to make better and smarter and coastal and ocean related management decisions. C1 NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Willis, ZS (reprint author), NOAA, IOOS Program, 1100 Wayne Ave, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 763 EP 767 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300108 ER PT S AU Burke, PB Graff, T AF Burke, P. B. Graff, T. GP IEEE TI A fast response capability within NOAA/NOS/CO-OPS SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB During a maritime emergency, such as an oil spill, it is important to develop an effective response based on sound scientific observations and expertise in order to protect the lives, commerce and environment in the affected area. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Services (NOS) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), with support from the Emergency Response Division within the Office of Response and Restoration (aka. NOAA Hazmat), has been developing a fast response capability to satisfy this objective. The Quick Response Estuarine Buoy (QREB) has specifically been developed as a rapid-deployment system for the collection of oceanographic and meteorological information at a targeted location in an effort to ensure safe, efficient and environmentally-sound navigation while supporting the environmental needs of Hazmat's response. The QREB is intended to be a self-contained, small moored system that can be easily deployed in coastal waters by a small size vessel. The buoy has a meteorological package and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted below its hull. The real time data are communicated through both an IP modem and a GOES satellite antenna for durations up to 30 days. The buoy was deployed during the NOAA Safe Seas 2006 (SS2006) exercise in the Gulf of the Farallones and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries. Real-time environmental data from the QREB near the site of a simulated off spill were made available to the Scientific Support Team (SST), Hazmat, the National Weather Service (NWS) and other emergency responders at the Incident Command Post to provide guidance in managing the simulated situation and were also incorporated into the local weather forecasts and used to truth Hazmat's General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) forecasts. Although the Safe Seas drill proved successful, it is evident that improvements are still required for the QREB to become fully operational in response to a real event Upon successful testing, the QREB will not only be available for event response, but will also be primarily used to collect current velocity data in key navigational areas of the United States in support of the mission of the National Current Observational Program (NCOP) within CO-OPS. C1 [Burke, P. B.; Graff, T.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Burke, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, CO OPS, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM patburke@noaa.gov; tammy.graff@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 976 EP 980 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300144 ER PT S AU Earwaker, KL AF Earwaker, K. L. GP IEEE TI Real time currents in the harbors of the Great Lakes - A pilot project SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB NOAA's National Ocean Service's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) is responsible for ensuring safe maritime navigation and supporting efficient water-borne commerce. CO-OPS oceanographic and environmental data sets also benefit the National Weather Service, coastal zone managers and the engineering and surveying communities. In 2006, a new pilot project was introduced and implemented in the Great Lakes to measure currents in real time, horizontally across the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, and the Maumee River in Toledo, Ohio. This project provides CO-OPS with a variety of new opportunities to expand the National Current Observation Program (NCOP) to the freshwater environment; to enhance partnerships with the Great Lakes shipping community, City of Cleveland, private industry, and federal agencies; and to test a new platform design for a horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. The pilots of the Lake Carriers and Lakes Pilots Associations requested assistance with navigating the Cuyahoga and Maumee Rivers where winds affect their transit through narrow bridge spans and around sharp bends. The real-time current data provides the pilots with advanced knowledge of the conditions to be expected while in transit, and thus affording them the opportunity to load the vessel accordingly before committing to the river. The pilots identified the narrowest channel of the Cuyahoga River at the Center Street swing bridge in Cleveland, Ohio as a place where real time current measurements would provide them with a worst-case scenario of current speed prior to entering the river. Another area identified by the pilots occurs as vessels inbound from Lake Erie must transit through a narrow span of a railroad swing bridge on the Maumee River as they approach the Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) pier to offload their grain. Access to the latest six minute record of current speed and direction at ADM represents conditions just beyond the bridge spans and this allows the pilot to plan an approach through this area. The real time data (every 6 minutes) can be accessed by the public through the web on the Great Lakes Online web page (http://glakesonline.nos.noaa.gov/moncurrent.html). The data are also available via NOAA's Interactive Voice Response System at 301-713-9596. Data collection of current speed and direction started in July 2006 and continues to the present at both sites. A persistent pattern has been noted at the Cuyahoga River she where a seiche oscillates approximately every 1.5 hours unless sustained winds compromise the current flow. Flow is either inbound or outbound (towards the lake) at approximately 0.8 knots. There isn't a real-time water level station upstream of the Center Street swing bridge on the Cuyahoga River so an examination of the variation in volume flow from the downstream NOS water level station located in Lake Erie cannot be simultaneously compared to the current data. A significant feature of the acoustic signal attenuation was noted at the ADM pier last winter when water temperatures approached 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Normal maximum profiling ranges diminished as the temperature dropped and approached freezing. In addition, side lobe interference also increased with the drop in temperature. Other seasonal changes in speed, temperature, and spikes in the data due to wind events are observed as well. This pilot project may include a third horizontal current meter site at the head of the St. Clair River in the vicinity of the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, Michigan in late 2007. Since this project is termed a pilot project, the addition of other current meter sites is dependent on follow-on funding from the US Congress or other sources. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Earwaker, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, CO OPS, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Karen.Earwaker@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 981 EP 987 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300145 ER PT S AU Martin, DR Ujmer, J Boy, J AF Martin, Daniel R. Ujmer, John Boy, James GP IEEE TI Time-series data exchange using the Geography Markup Language SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB The Geography Markup Language (GML) is a well known XML dialect that offers the ocean observing community a robust and standards based encoding for data exchange. Adaptations of GML are evolving to meet the needs and uses of different communities. Understanding how to use GML to model and exchange observatory time-series data will be critical to building a national data resource from the federation of observatories that form the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). The NOAA Coastal Services Center conducted an experiment with several nonfederal partners using the GML Simple Features Profile and the Web Feature Service (WFS). An application schema, a content model, a GML dictionary, and a special purpose WFS were used to exchange data between an observatory and a data-assembly center relational database. C1 [Martin, Daniel R.] IM Syst Grp, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Ujmer, John] Perot Syst, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Boy, James] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center [EA133CO4CN0044] FX The authors wish to thank John Bercik of I.M. Systems Group and Yanlin Ye of Perot Systems. Funding support for this work has been provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center, Award #EA133CO4CN0044. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1017 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300151 ER PT S AU Bouchard, R McArthur, S Hansen, W Kern, KJ Locke, L AF Bouchard, Richard McArthur, Shannon Hansen, Wiffiam Kern, Kevin J. Locke, Lea GP IEEE TI Operational performance of the second generation Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (TM) II) SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB In March 2005, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) completed the transition from research to operations of the second generation of the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (TM) II). DART (TM) II systems are a part of NOAA's Tsunami Program, which is part of a cooperative effort to save lives and protect property through hazard assessment, warning guidance, mitigation, research capabilities, and international coordination. NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) is responsible for the overall execution of the Tsunami Program. Among its responsibilities under the Tsunami Program, NWS acquires, operates, and maintains observation systems required in support of tsunami warning, such as DART (TM). NWS also supports observations and data management through the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The DART (TM) II systems join NWS base stations, the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean Array, and the Coastal Marine Automated Network stations in the NOAA/NWS/NDBC Ocean Observing System of Systems (NOOSS). In the two years since being declared operational: DART (TM) II systems have replaced all but three DART (TM) I systems, DART (TM) network has expanded to 28 stations stretched across the Pacific and now into the North Atlantic, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. Three DART (TM) II systems have been provided to other countries to aid in their tsunami warning capability, DART (TM) II systems provided estimated water-level information for the 2006 events in Tonga, Hawai'i, Kuril Islands, and Taiwan. In 2007, DART (TM) II systems provided observations for the Solomon Islands event and another Kuril Islands event. DART (TM) II data availability for the standard mode observations have been more than 85% exceeding the target data availability goal of 80%. DART (TM) II provides increased capabilities over the DART (TM) I systems with the most significant improvement being the additional capability of bidirectional communications from NDBC or the Tsunami Warning Centers (TWCs) to the Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR) using the commercial Iridium satellite communications system. This capability allows the TWC to set a BPR in event mode and provide high-frequency (1-minute interval) estimated water-level observations and allows the retrieval of up to one hour of the highest frequency (15-second interval) original temperature and pressure counts that can be converted to estimated water-level observations. Furthermore bidirectional communications provides troubleshooting and diagnostic capability in real-time. During the two years since the operational debut of DART (TM) II, NOAA achieved significant accomplishments in data management, including the development of a Tsunami Data Management plan and the establishment of a 24x7 IOOS Data Assembly Center (DAC) at NDBC. The IOOS DAC continuously monitors the NOOSS, including DART (TM) systems, and facilitates the exchange of status information between NDBC and the TWCs. Improvements to the real-time data distribution system included increased system reliability by moving the Iridium communications server and a fail-over web site to Silver Spring MD to co-locate with the National Weather Service Telecommunications Gateway. NDBC's plans include replacing the last three DART (TM) I systems with DART (TM) II systems, the completion of the 39-station DART (TM) network by the end of 2008, increasing the reliability of the systems, and the engineering development of a multi-capability platform. C1 [Bouchard, Richard; McArthur, Shannon; Hansen, Wiffiam; Kern, Kevin J.; Locke, Lea] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bouchard, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1100 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bouchard, Richard/A-5921-2009 OI Bouchard, Richard/0000-0002-4414-7499 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1042 EP 1047 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300155 ER PT S AU Lirman, D Deangelo, G AF Lirman, Diego Deangelo, Greg GP IEEE TI Geospatial video monitoring of benthic habitats using the Shallow-Water Positioning System (SWaPS) SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB In this project, we describe the application of a geospatial video-based survey technique, the Shallow-Water Positioning System (SWaPS), develop by scientists from NOAA!s National Geodetic Survey, to document the abundance, distribution, and damage patterns of benthic organisms in shallow marine habitats that have been historically under-represented in monitoring programs due to the difficulties associated with boat access. SWaPS uses a GPS receiver attached to a video camera. The GPS receiver is centered over the digital video camera that is suspended over a glass enclosure that provides a down-looking view of the bottom. SWaPS is presently available in three platforms used for distinct survey requirements: (a) a boat-based system; (b) a remotely-operated system; and (c) a diver-based system. During the surveys, each video frame recorded is stamped with position information, date, depth, heading, and pitch and roll, and the georeferenced digital frames obtained in these surveys can be easily analyzed to document patterns of abundance and distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and other benthic organisms, as well as damage patterns caused by ship groundings and boat propellers in shallow coastal habitats. The SWaPS methodology provides a fast, spatially precise alternative to diver-based surveys that can be especially useful when: (1) a large number of closely spaced sites need to be surveyed rapidly; (2) field time is limited, as is often the case prior to the onset of an acute disturbance (eg., hurricane, dredging project); (3) the availability of trained field personnel is limited; (4) resources need to be precisely mapped; (5) a permanent visual archive of the extent and condition of benthic resources is needed; and (6) the same locations need to be surveyed repeatedly without establishing permanent markers. Field surveys using SWaPS can be easily conducted by operators without scientific training, thereby removing the need for specialized field personnel and reducing the cost of field operations. C1 [Lirman, Diego] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Deangelo, Greg] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lirman, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dlirman@rsmas.miami.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1176 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300177 ER PT S AU Olmi, E Malone, TC Jamail, R AF Olmi, Eugene (Geno) Malone, Thomas C. Jamail, Robin GP IEEE TI Building the regional component of the integrated ocean observing system SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI C1 [Olmi, Eugene (Geno)] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Jamail, Robin] NOAA, IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Olmi, E (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1181 EP 1181 PG 1 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300178 ER PT S AU Teng, CC Mettlach, T Chaffin, J Bass, R Bond, C Carpenter, C Dinoso, R Hellenschmidt, M Bernard, L AF Teng, Chung-Chu Mettlach, Theodore Chaffin, Joel Bass, Robert Bond, Charles Carpenter, Charles Dinoso, Richard Hellenschmidt, Mark Bernard, Landry GP IEEE TI National data buoy center 1.8-meter discus buoy, directional wave system SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID PITCH AB Since year 2005, the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has been developing, testing, evaluating and refining a pitch-rollheave directional wave measuring system. It consists of a 1.8-meter-diameter isomer foam flotation ring in the center of which is placed a cylindrical battery and instrument compartment. A MicroStrain (R) 3DM-GX1 motion sensor, located at the center of flotation, provides a stream of nine measurements subsampled at a rate of 2,048 samples in 1,200 seconds. The buoy transmits standard NDBC directional wave spectral information each hour via an Iridium (R) satellite modem after computing directional wave spectra from triaxial components of earth magnetic flux density and angular rate, and along-mast acceleration. Additionally, high-resolution data are stored onboard the station for post-deployment analysis. Testing has been done in seven steps. First, static testing of the 3DM-GX1 revealed that the measurement mode of the sensor yields varying amounts of electronic and processor noise. The best mode and time constants for the sensor were determined in the second step of development, using a desktop wave simulator designed exclusively for that purpose. It provided precisely known simulated directional wave information. In the third step, the complete buoy payload, including an air-depolarized, alkaline battery pack manufactured by Cegasa International was placed on the one-meter radius NDBC directional wave simulator, with which a full end-to-end test was conducted. Fourth, after sufficient laboratory testing, the complete system was deployed near NDBC station 42007 in the northern Gulf of Mexico for several days, and there was found close agreement between measurements from the two platforms. Additional, as a fifth step, a second 1.8-m buoy with a different battery pack, consisting of 700 alkaline D-cells, was evaluated and found to be adequate, yet the batteries interfered with magnetometer measurements more than the smaller, lighter Cegasa (R) battery pack. In the sixth step, the buoy with Cegasa batteries was deployed in shallow water at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility, Duck, North Carolina, from December 2006 until April 2007. This deployment provided two sources of accurate directional wave data as a basis for comparison, the FRF 8-meter array of bottom-mounted pressure sensors and a Datawell Waverider (R) buoy. Comparisons indicated that the 1.8-m buoy gives excellent non-directional wave spectra and accurate wave directions. A small drawback, an area of on-going research, is that the buoy gives lower than desired spreading function values. It produces characteristically lower values than does the lighter, particle-following Waverider buoy. Finally, NDBC deployed an identical, second 1.8-meter buoy off Mission Bay, California, next to another Datawell Waverider, from February to June 2007. Directional wave accuracy, using swell waves from a distant storm as ground truth, has proven to be excellent, although, as with the first deployment at Duck, directional spreading is less than desired. We speculate this is due to size and shape of hull and limitations arising from pitch-roll signal-to-noise ratio. C1 [Teng, Chung-Chu] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Bldg 1100, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Mettlach, Theodore; Chaffin, Joel; Bass, Robert; Bond, Charles; Carpenter, Charles; Dinoso, Richard; Hellenschmidt, Mark; Bernard, Landry] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teng, CC (reprint author), Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Bldg 1100, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1209 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300183 ER PT S AU Fan, SJ Jeans, G Yetsko, C Oey, LY AF Fan, Shejun Jeans, Gus Yetsko, Chris Oey, Lie-Yauw GP IEEE TI Submerged jet currents in the gulf of Mexico SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID GENERATION; WAVES AB A recent screening study of MMS NTL ADCP 2005 and 2006 data has identified two modes of submerged jet currents in the Gulf of Mexico: (1) submerged speed peaks with inertial period and (2) events isolated in time with no clear periodicity. The latter can be divided further as shallow jet events (between 150m to 600m) and deep jet events (deeper than 600m). The submerged jet events can last a few hours to several days. In order to investigate the jet generation mechanisms and test the predictability of the events, representative events for each mode were studied. Satellite sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST) data and forecast data of the Princeton Regional Ocean Forecast System (PROFS) during the selected events have been used. Mode 1 jets are mainly due to downward propagating of inertial oscillations following hurricanes, while the deep jets of mode 2 appear to be caused by deep current propagation along the 1000m isobath. The shallow jets of mode 2 are the result of on-slope flow convergence producing a subsurface downwelling/upwelling cell and frontogenesis over the slope. The comparison of PROFS model and observations shows good predictive skill although the model has the tendency to underestimate current strengths. C1 [Fan, Shejun; Yetsko, Chris] Fugro GEOS Inc, 6100 Hillcroft, Houston, TX 77274 USA. [Jeans, Gus] Fugro GEOS Ltd, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fan, SJ (reprint author), Fugro GEOS Inc, 6100 Hillcroft, Houston, TX 77274 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1218 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526300184 ER PT S AU Crout, RL AF Crout, Richard L. GP IEEE TI National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) processing, display, and observation of near-bottom currents acquired by oil and gas companies in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Under a Notice to Lessees (NTL No. 2005-G05) issued by the Minerals Management Service in April 2005, off companies operating in the northern Gulf of Mexico in waters deeper than 400 meters are required to collect current profile data to a depth of 1000 meters. These data provide estimates of strong ocean currents, which may affect extreme loads, structural failure, and daffy operations on the oil platforms and drilling rigs. Real-time data from near the surface to 1000 meters are reported every 20 minutes to the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and displayed on their public website. The oil and gas companies must also measure near-bottom currents at sites deeper than 1100 meters and recover and report these data at least every six months. These delayed-mode data are the subject of this effort. NDBC began accepting real-time current profile data in April 2005 and implemented real-time quality control of the data in March 2006 [1]. In August 2006, NDBC received four files containing the near-bottom, delayed-mode data. The data were processed through the same quality control algorithms and stored along with previously processed near-surface data. Since that time eighty-four additional data sets have been received and processed through the quality control algorithms at NDBC. Tables of these data with quality control flags and current velocity plots with depth are available to the general public on the NDBC website. One of the first delayed-mode data sets was collected from the Na Kika platform, approximately 100 kilometers south-east of the Mississippi River delta, during the active Hurricane season of 2005. The data from August 2005 showed greater than 0.30 cm/s currents at depths greater than 1900 meters to the right of the path of Hurricane Katrina. The currents rotated clockwise in the bottom waters at a period less than 24 hours and decayed over a period of nearly ten days. Although Hurricane Rita passed 360 kilometers to the southwest of the Na Kika platform in late September 2005, the bottom waters were impacted by the passage. The currents were not as strong as those related to Hurricane Katrina, but they were noticeable and lasted for several days. There are no near-surface data sets to corroborate these data because the platforms were evacuated due to the hurricanes. These results indicate a basin-wide response to these two strong hurricanes. C1 Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1414 EP 1418 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301022 ER PT S AU Libeau, CM AF Libeau, Christopher M. GP IEEE TI Partners in data management: Creating a national channel framework database by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the us army corps of engineers SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) work closely together to provide navigation information to the maritime community. NOAA is responsible for charting the territorial waters of the United States including navigation channels used by transiting vessels into and out of United States ports. These navigation channels are portrayed and described on NOAA products including the NOAA Electronic Navigation Chart (NOAA ENC (R)). The NOAA ENC (R) is a vector- based digital file containing marine features suitable for marine navigation. The USACE is responsible to maintain the navigation channels and to provide accurate channel data to NOAA. The USACE channel data consist of hydrographic survey information and channel framework Channel framework contains the outside channel limits and the inside configuration of the navigation channel. USACE channel data supplies essential information to the mariner and, therefore, comprise a fundamental component of the NOAA ENC (R). NOAA and USACE are working closely to communicate issues concerning USACE hydrographic survey work and channel framework data. This continuing effort provides improved navigation products for the mariner. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Chart Div, Naut Data Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Libeau, CM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Chart Div, Naut Data Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1501 EP 1504 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301034 ER PT S AU Colton, MC Raber, S Love, R AF Colton, Marie C. Raber, Steven Love, Rebecca GP IEEE TI NOAA National Ocean Service remote sensing applications and concept of operations SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the primary civilian ocean agency in the United States. To meet its mission, the agency addresses coastal and ocean challenges on a daffy basis focusing on issues ranging from genomics to coastal inundation. Comprised of 11 programmatic lines, NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) has a wide-range set of inter-related challenges extending from management of estuaries and marine protected areas to operational oceanography and forecasting. To meet these challenges, remote sensing technologies play a critical role in the NOS' ability to assess, monitor, and predict changes in environmental and biogeochemical parameters which support specific applications. In this presentation, we identify NOS ocean and coastal remote sensing requirements and describe progress towards the unified concept of operations initiated in 2004. The processes used in key remote sensing applications areas are illustrated in terms of their end-to-end processing systems. Finally, we show how NOS partners with other agencies, academia, and industry to achieve its remote sensing mission most effectively. C1 [Colton, Marie C.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Raber, Steven; Love, Rebecca] NOAA, NOS Coastal Services Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Colton, MC (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM marie.colton@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1528 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301039 ER PT S AU Levin, DR Trono, K Arrasate, C AF Levin, Douglas R. Trono, Krista Arrasate, Christine GP IEEE TI "ROVs in a Bucket" contagious, experiential learning by building inexpensive, underwater robots SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) can be an underwater robot. A simple ROV has been developed that can be built by grade-school children using off-the-shelf and off-the-Internet parts. PVC pipe is used for the frame, bilge pump motors for thrust, and speaker wire transfers power and control information from the switch box to the robot. Soldering is not required. Once constructed, these ROVs are safely powered by 12v car batteries and are small enough to be run inside a 30 gallon trash can or small pool. Parts for the ROV kit can be purchased for under $125 (sans camera and lights). A detailed ROV build manual is available from doug.levin@noaa.gov. The program is an effective delivery tool that links marine science with a host of other, related disciplines. C1 [Levin, Douglas R.] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Trono, Krista] NOAA, Monitor Natl Marine Sanctuary, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Arrasate, Christine] Nauticus, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP Levin, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. FU NASA FX The authors would like to acknowledge NASA who supported the foundations of this program in 2001 through the Directors Discretionary Fund Initiative. We would also like to thank Jill Zande, MATE's Outreach Director and ROV Competition Coordinator, for her sustained support of this program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1541 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301041 ER PT S AU Myers, E Hess, K Yang, ZZ Xu, JT Wong, A Doyle, D Woolard, J White, S Le, B Gill, S Hovis, G AF Myers, Edward Hess, Kurt Yang, Zhizhang Xu, Jiangtao Wong, Adeline Doyle, Dave Woolard, Jason White, Stephen Le, Bang Gill, Stephen Hovis, Gerald GP IEEE TI VDatum and strategies for national coverage SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID PACIFIC-OCEAN AB VDatum is a software tool being developed by the National Ocean Service that allows users to vertically transform geospatial data among a variety of ellipsoidal, orthometric and tidal datums. This is important to coastal applications that rely on vertical accuracy in bathymetric, topographic, and coastline data sets. The VDatum software can be applied to a single point location or to a batch data file. Applying VDatum to an entire data set can be particularly useful when merging multiple data sources together, where they must first all be referenced to a common vertical datum. Contemporary technologies, such as lidar and kinematic GPS data collection, can also benefit from VDatum. in providing new approaches for efficiently processing shoreline and bathymetric data with accurate vertical referencing. VDatum is currently available for Tampa Bay, New York Bight, Delaware Bay, Louisiana's Calcasieu River and Lake Charles, central California, Puget Sound, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and north/central North Carolina. In addition, VDatum development is near completion for Chesapeake Bay, Mobile Bay to Cape San Blas, Southern California, Long Island Sound and New York Harbor, and projects are also commencing for an area from New Orleans to Mobile Bay, the Gulf of Maine and the Pacific Northwest. Given the numerous applications that can benefit from having a vertical datum transformation tool, the goal is to develop a seamless nationwide VDatum. utility that would facilitate more effective sharing of vertical data and also complement a vision of linking such data through national elevation and shoreline databases. C1 [Myers, Edward; Hess, Kurt; Yang, Zhizhang; Xu, Jiangtao; Wong, Adeline; Doyle, Dave; Woolard, Jason; White, Stephen; Le, Bang; Gill, Stephen; Hovis, Gerald] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Myers, E (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1562 EP 1569 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301044 ER PT S AU Jambeck, JR Damiano, L Magdol, Z Merten, A Kennedy, J AF Jambeck, Jenna R. Damiano, Lisa Magdol, Zachary Merten, Amy Kennedy, Jennifer GP IEEE TI A systematic approach to marine debris reduction efforts and education in New Hampshire SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI ID SEA-TURTLES AB A recent focus of marine debris research is to identify and target pollution sources so that solutions to the problem can be developed through policy and education. This project hopes to expand upon this focus by also examining public attitudes toward marine debris and using this information with cleanup data to systematically implement and test community mitigation techniques. One objective of this research was to examine current community marine debris cleanup and reduction efforts in New Hampshire (as a baseline) by analyzing beach cleanup data. Marine debris monitoring data has been collected by the Blue Ocean Society for Marine Conservation over the past four years. Cleanups have been conducted by the organization at fourteen different New Hampshire sites during this time. A data summary was composed for each which included a compilation of data from 2002 through 2006. Additionally, marine debris composition (e.g., land-based, ocean-based, etc.) was mapped in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) along with significant influencing factors. Besides mapping the marine debris quantity and composition per collection site, the powerful component to GIS is that any potential influencing data available can be tied to all of these locations. The full integration of all available data will allow the evaluation of trends and correlations in marine debris data with myriad potential influences. Additionally, because the amount of ocean-based debris found on the NH Seacoast is greater than land-based debris for the majority of beaches, a new outreach program targeting commercial and recreation fisherman is being implemented. Finally, new technologies for monitoring, specifically, using personal digital assistants (PDAs) with integrated GPS systems to collect marine debris or oiled shoreline data have been evaluated. This technology could be transferred to other applications for monitoring marine pollution. C1 [Jambeck, Jenna R.; Damiano, Lisa; Magdol, Zachary] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Merten, Amy] NOAA, Off Response & Restoration, Seattle, WA USA. [Kennedy, Jennifer] Blue Ocean Soc Marine Conservat, Portsmouth, NH USA. RP Jambeck, JR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU NOAA Marine Debris Program; Costal Response Research Center; New Hampshire Coastal Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the funding and support of the NOAA Marine Debris Program, Costal Response Research Center, and the New Hampshire Coastal Program. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1587 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301048 ER PT S AU Wong, AM Campagnoli, JG Cole, MA AF Wong, Adeline M. Campagnoli, John G. Cole, Marcus A. GP IEEE TI Assessing 155 years of hydrographic survey data for high resolution bathymetry grids SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Seafloor representation over vast areas requires the fusion of depth measurements from numerous data sets having variable spatial resolution and coverage. The most extensive coverage for U.S. coastal waters usually consists of data from hydrographic surveys conducted between 1850 and 2006. Intended for navigational charts, these survey projects have been planned, collected, and processed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service and its predecessor organizations over the past 155 years. Integrating the extremely dense and localized data from modern multibeam. echo sounders with the much more significant area coverage of older survey data presents the fundamental challenge when creating high resolution coastal bathymetry grids. Data from nearly 7000 hydrographic surveys are being assessed to produce bathymetry grids for the coastal U.S. Every survey in the database is associated with metadata attributes summarized from the survey's descriptive report. Compiling high quality coastal bathymetry over extensive regions involves several hundred surveys whose range in age often spans over a century. Compared to survey measurements and the original hydrographic processing shortly after field collection, the greater uncertainties in representing the seafloor come from errors in the archive data retrieval processing that occurred years after field collection, as well as from the unknown depths between sparse soundings of historic surveys, whose interpolated values will constitute a substantial portion of gridded bathymetric coverage for the entire U.S. coast. C1 [Wong, Adeline M.; Cole, Marcus A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Campagnoli, John G.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wong, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coast Survey Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1725 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301069 ER PT S AU Fiolek, A AF Fiolek, A. GP IEEE TI International polar year 2007-2008 resources on polar research in the NOAA Central Library Network SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB Located in Silver Spring, Maryland, the NOAA Central Library (NCL) networks over thirty NOAA libraries nationwide. NCL is considered the historically richest and most comprehensive multidisciplinary scientific collection in hydrographic surveying, oceanography, ocean engineering, atmospheric sciences (climatology and meteorology), meteorological satellite applications, living marine resources, geophysics, cartography, and mathematics in the United States, possibly in the Western Hemisphere. It incorporates holdings of NOAA's predecessor agencies, including the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Weather Bureau, and the Bureau of Fisheries. The collections reflect the history of these organizations, their scientific research, observations and data from 1820 to the present. The NOAA Library Network collections are unique: over 40% of the items in NOAALINC (the online catalog) and their manual catalogs are not found anywhere else. Unique polar research materials include historic and current reports from various polar expeditions, with research and observations from both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The presence of these unique and historical resources in NOAA prompted the Library to participate in 4th International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 activities. Many unique and historically valuable NOAA polar research documents and scientific data, in the forms of digital videos, still images, and datasets, have been entered into the NOAALINC, the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) Ocean Archive System (OAC), and other oceanographic information catalogs and databases. This was possible thanks to the Library's collaboration with several NOAA projects and programs, including the Video Data Management System (VDMS), Climate Data Modernization Program (CDMP), and NODC Cruise Report Program. Over one hundred fifty of these unique and historically valuable documents were selected, cataloged, imaged and entered into NOAALINC to assure online, open access to their full-text files. A comprehensive bibliography has been prepared to provide an additional access point to the polar related resources via the Library's home page. This online bibliography also serves as an Internet locator for printed and remote resources in polar research. It is available via the NCL Bibliographies' home page at: http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/Bibliographies/IPY2007.pd. During the 4(th) International Polar Year, the NOAA Library Network collections serve as an important resource for polar data and research. C1 NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fiolek, A (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, SSMC3,2nd Floor,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fiolek, Anna/H-3658-2016 OI Fiolek, Anna/0000-0001-8481-3639 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 1766 EP 1769 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301075 ER PT S AU Keener-Chavis, P McDonough, J Martinez, C Gorell, F AF Keener-Chavis, Paula McDonough, John Martinez, Catalina Gorell, Fred GP IEEE TI The NOAA Ship Okeeanos Explorer: "Live"...to Scientists and Educators Ashore SO 2007 OCEANS, VOLS 1-5 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 OCEANS Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP MTS, IEEE, Canada, Oceanworks, ISE Grp Co, Sun Star Elect L P, KONGSBERG, IMAGENEX TECHNOL CORP, ONR, OPSI AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will commission a ship of exploration, the NOAA Ship Memos Explorer, the only Federal vessel dedicated to exploring our largely unknown ocean. The vessel will provide ocean explorers with a new cutting-edge capability in that it is designed to operate under the command of mission scientists working from shore-based "Exploration Command Centers" using telepresence. This paper discusses the vision for science, ocean literacy, presents ideas discussed for the ship's maiden voyage, plans for workshops to discuss ocean literacy efforts, and provides a brief overview of the ship's status to date. C1 [Keener-Chavis, Paula] NOAA, Ocean Explorat Program, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. [McDonough, John; Gorell, Fred] NOAA Ocean Explorat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Martinez, Catalina] NOAA Ocean Explorat Program, Silver Narragansett, RI USA. RP Keener-Chavis, P (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Explorat Program, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-37-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2007 BP 2019 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHU56 UT WOS:000256526301115 ER PT B AU Irvine, JM Cannon, DM Israel, SA O'Brien, G Fenimore, C Roberts, J Aviles, AI AF Irvine, John M. Cannon, David M. Israel, Steven A. O'Brien, Gary Fenimore, Charles Roberts, John Aviles, Ana Ivelisse GP IEEE TI Quantifying interpretability for motion imagery: Applications to image chain analysis SO 2007 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL, 2007 CL Quebec City, CANADA DE motion imagery; image interpretability; NIIRS; perception; compression AB The motion imagery community will benefit from the availability of standard measures for assessing image interpretability. The National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS) has served as a community standard for still imagery, but no comparable scale exists for motion imagery. We conducted a series of user evaluations to understand and quantify the effects of critical factors affecting the perceived interpretability of motion imagery. These evaluations provide the basis for relating perceived image interpretability to image parameters, including ground sample distance (GSD) and frame rate. The first section of this paper presents the key findings from these studies. The second portion is a new study applying these methods to quantifying information loss due to compression of motion imagery. We conducted an evaluation of several methods for video compression (JPEG2000, WEG-2, and H.264) at various bitrates. A set of objective image quality metrics (structural similarity, peak SAW, an edge localization metric, and edge strength) were computed for the parent video clip and the various compressed products. In an evaluation, imagery analysts rated each clip relative to image interpretability tasks. The analysis quantifies the interpretability loss associated with the various compression methods and bitrates. We present the evaluation results and explore their relationship to the objective image quality metrics. The findings indicate the compression rates at which image interpretability declines significantly. These findings have implications for sensor system design, systems architecture, and mission planning. C1 [Irvine, John M.; Cannon, David M.; Israel, Steven A.; O'Brien, Gary] SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Fenimore, Charles; Roberts, John; Aviles, Ana Ivelisse] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Irvine, JM (reprint author), SAIC, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM John.M.Irvine@saic.com; fenimore@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-662-47830-0 PY 2007 BP 1399 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW08 UT WOS:000256950200190 ER PT S AU Levin, I Stennett, MC Miles, GC Woodward, DI West, AR Reaney, IM AF Levin, I. Stennett, M. C. Miles, G. C. Woodward, D. I. West, A. R. Reaney, I. M. GP IEEE TI Octahedral Tilting and Ferroelectric Order in Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze-Like Dielectrics SO 2007 SIXTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE ID BARIUM SODIUM NIOBATE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURES; PHASE-TRANSITION; CERAMICS; SYSTEM AB The onset of classic ferroelectric behavior in tetragonal tungsten bronze-like dielectrics Ba2LaxNd1-xNb3Ti2O15 was attributed to a strong coupling between local polar displacements and a certain type of octahedral tilting. The ferroelectric phase transition in these systems is associated with a transformation of an incommensurate tilted structure to a distinct commensurate superstructure. The driving force for commensurate tilting increases as the average ionic radius of the rare-earth ion that reside in perovskite type channels decreases. No classical ferroelectric transition is observed (down to 100 K) for compositions with x>0.75, which remain incommensurate and exhibit only relaxor behavior below room temperature. C1 [Levin, I.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stennett, M. C.; Miles, G. C.; Woodward, D. I.; West, A. R.; Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield SI 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Woodward, David/B-3134-2011; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; OI West, Anthony/0000-0002-5492-2102 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1333-1 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 266 EP + DI 10.1109/ISAF.2007.4393236 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHI52 UT WOS:000253416100090 ER PT S AU Artemev, A Roytburd, AL Slutsker, J AF Artemev, A. Roytburd, A. L. Slutsker, J. GP IEEE TI Phase field modeling of domain structures in ferroelectric thin films and multilayers SO 2007 SIXTEENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE AB Phase field simulations were used to study domain structures in model systems containing homogeneous or bi-layer ferroelectric films with different chemical free energy density profiles and different relative strength of dipole-dipole and elastic interactions. C1 [Artemev, A.] Carleton Univ, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Roytburd, A. L.] Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Slutsker, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Artemev, A (reprint author), Carleton Univ, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. FU NSERC; NSF; NIST FX Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by NSERC, NSF, and NIST NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-1333-1 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2007 BP 344 EP + DI 10.1109/ISAF.2007.4393260 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BHI52 UT WOS:000253416100114 ER PT S AU Jansen, WA Delaitre, A AF Jansen, Wayne A. Delaitre, Aurelien BE Sanson, LD TI Reference material for assessing forensic sim tools SO 41ST ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 08-11, 2007 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ DE computer forensics; cell phones; digital evidence AB Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs) are a fundamental standardized component of most cell phones used worldwide. A SIM can be removed from a phone handset and inserted into another, allowing users to port identity, personal information, and service between devices. All cell phones are expected to incorporate some type of identity module eventually, in part, because of this useful property. Some of the earliest, general purpose, forensic tools for cell phones targeted SIMs to recover digital evidence. While over time the capabilities and number of such tools have increased, they are not completely free of problems. Validating a forensic SIM tool is an essential quality assurance measure. It allows a forensic specialist to determine how to compensate for any shortcomings identified or whether to use one version of the tool in lieu of another. Tool manufacturers also benefit from rigorously validating their products before releasing them. However, creating reference SIMs that contain comprehensive test data can be time consuming and difficult to accomplish. This paper describes an approach for automating the population of test data onto SIMs to create reference material for use in tool validation. It also covers details of the implementation and explains characteristics of SIMs that pertain to the solution. C1 [Jansen, Wayne A.; Delaitre, Aurelien] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Rd,STOP 8930, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jansen, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Rd,STOP 8930, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 978-1-4244-1129-0 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2007 BP 227 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGX99 UT WOS:000251219600035 ER PT B AU McLean, CR Jain, S Craens, A Kibira, D AF McLean, Charles R. Jain, Sanjay Craens, Andreas Kibira, Deogratias BE Ottjes, J Veeke, H TI A virtual manufacturing environment for interoperability testing SO 5TH INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Industrial Simulation Conference CY JUN 11-13, 2007 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP European Technol Inst, European Simulat Soc, AEKI, CREAX, ENSAIT, Ghent Univ, Fern Univ Hagen, IPK Fraunhofer, UPV HO Delft Univ Technol DE virtual manufacturing; simulation; information models; interface standards; interoperability; testing AB Studies have documented the high cost of the lack of software interoperability Oil Manufacturing. New interface standards are being developed by various organizations to address interoperability issues. Unfortunately these standards often overlap and conflict with each other. Adequate testing facilities are not available for evaluating the suitability and effectiveness of existing and candidate standards for application to specific manufacturing domain areas. The Virtual Manufacturing Environment (VME) Project of the NIST Manufacturing Interoperability Program is focused oil developing integrated manufacturing Simulations for supporting future industry interoperability testing needs. This paper presents a summary of interoperability testing Opportunities and needs. in overview of a project to develop a virtual manufacturing environment to support interoperability testing, and the current Status Of Simulation development efforts. C1 [McLean, Charles R.; Jain, Sanjay; Craens, Andreas; Kibira, Deogratias] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLean, CR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 978-90-77381-34-2 PY 2007 BP 331 EP 337 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHR32 UT WOS:000255638100049 ER PT J AU Cooper, JA Li, WJ Bailey, LO Hudson, SD Lin-Gibson, S Anseth, KS Tuan, RS Washburn, NR AF Cooper, James A., Jr. Li, Wan-Ju Bailey, LeeAnn O. Hudson, Steve D. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Anseth, Kristi S. Tuan, Rocky S. Washburn, Newell R. TI Encapsulated chondrocyte response in a pulsatile flow bioreactor SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE cartilage; tissue engineering; poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels; three-dimensional scaffold; biomaterials ID TISSUE-ENGINEERED CARTILAGE; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; DYNAMIC COMPRESSION; MATRIX PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SCAFFOLDS; COLLAGEN; CULTURE AB We have developed a bioreactor-based millifluidic technique that allows for dynamic culture conditions and measurement of the fluid flow impinging upon a three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffold. Chondrocytes in scaffolds have been shown to require mechanical stimulation to produce an extracellular matrix that resembles native cartilage. This study investigates the effect of pulsatile flow on chondrocyte response in a model poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate hydrogel. Bovine chondrocytes were encapsulated in the hydrogel and cultured for 7, 14 and 21 days at pulsatile flow frequencies of 0.5 Hz (15 ml/min) and 1.5 Hz (17 ml/min). The scaffolds cultured under dynamic conditions were compared to those cultured under static (non-flow) conditions. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify collagen type I, collagen type II and aggrecan gene copy numbers as markers for chondrocyte phenotypic expression. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and Alcian blue confirmed chondrocyte morphology and matrix formation. Interestingly, regulation of the collagen type II gene was particularly sensitive to the flow conditions. The understanding of the cell response to encapsulation and flow could be used to identify the appropriate culture conditions necessary to design and develop hydrogel carriers to promote the formation of extracellular matrix as well as to further our knowledge of chondrocyte mechanobiology. (C) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIAMSD, Cartilage Biol & Orthopaed Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cooper, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Dr.JCooper@gmail.com; wash-burn@andrew.cmu.edu RI Li, Wan-Ju/A-7002-2008 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.08.010 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 121SX UT WOS:000243178400002 PM 17097360 ER PT S AU Kang, HG Maye, MM Nykypanchuk, D Clarke, M Yim, P Krogmeier, J Briggman, K Gang, O Hwang, J AF Kang, HyeongGon Maye, Mathew M. Nykypanchuk, Dmytro Clarke, Matthew Yim, Peter Krogmeier, Jeffrey Briggman, Kimberly Gang, Oleg Hwang, Jeeseong BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA Cohn, GE Raghavachari, R TI Fluorescence intermittency and spectral shifts of single bioconjugated nanocrystals studied by single molecule confocal fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy - art. no. 643024 SO Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems V CY JAN 21-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanocrystal; quantum dot; photophysics; confocal microscopy; spectroscopy; single molecule; single particle; bio-conjugation; nanosensor ID CDSE/ZNS QUANTUM DOTS; BLINKING; DIFFUSION; OXYGEN; CELLS AB We have fabricated a combined measurement system capable of confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to simultaneously evaluate multiple optical characteristics of single fluorescent nanocrystals. The single particle detection sensitivity is demonstrated by simultaneously measuring the dynamic excitation-time-dependent fluorescence intermittency and the emission spectrum of single cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs). Using this system, we are currently investigating the optical characteristics of single QDs, the surface of which are conjugated with different ligands, such as trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), mercaptoundecanoicacid (MDA), and amine modified DNA (AMDNA). In this paper, we present the progress of our measurements of the time-dependent optical characteristics (fluorescence intermittency, photostability, and spectral diffusion) of single MDA-QDs and AMDNA-MDA-QDs in air in an effort to understand the effects of surface-conjugated biomolecules on the optical characteristics at single QD sensitivities. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kang, HG (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6543-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6430 BP 43024 EP 43024 AR 643024 DI 10.1117/12.713934 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGB90 UT WOS:000245947500045 ER PT S AU Yim, P Dobrovolskaia, M Kang, HG Clarke, M Patri, AK Hwang, J AF Yim, Peter Dobrovolskaia, Marina Kang, HyeongGon Clarke, Matthew Patri, Anil K. Hwang, Jeeseong BE VoDinh, T Grundfest, WS Benaron, DA Cohn, GE Raghavachari, R TI Nanocrystal-based biomimetic system for quantitative flow cytometry - art. no. 64301T SO Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic Systems V CY JAN 21-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanocrystal; quantum dot; flow cytometry; fluorescence standard; bio-conjugation; biomimetic cell; fluorescence microscopy; single particle ID QUANTUM DOTS; CELLS AB Flow cytometry has been instrumental in rapid analysis of single cells since the 1970s. One of the common approaches is the immunofluorescence study involving labeling of cells with antibodies conjugated to organic fluorophores. More recently, as the application of flow cytometry extended from simple cell detection to single-cell proteomic analysis, the need of determining the actual number of antigens in a single cell has driven the flow cytomery technique towards a quantitative methodology. However, organic fluorophores are challenging to use as probes for quantitative detection due to the lack of photostability and of quantitative fluorescence standards. National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) provides a set of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled beads, RM 8640, which is the only nationally recognized fluorescent particle standard. On the other hand, optical characteristics of semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots or QDs are superior to traditional dye molecules for the use as tags for biological and chemical fluorescent sensors and detectors. Compelling advantages of QDs include long photostability, broad spectral coverage, easy excitation, and suitability for multiplexed sensing. Recently, novel surface coatings have been developed to render QDs water soluble and bio-conjugation ready, leading to their use as fluorescent tags and sensors for a variety of biological applications including immunolabeling of cells. Here, we describe our approach of using fluorescent semiconductor QDs as a novel tool for quantitative flow cytometry detection. Our strategy involves the development of immuno-labeled QD-conjugated silica beads as "biomimetic cells." In addition to flow cytometry, the QD-conjugated silica beads were characterized by fluorescence microscopy to quantitate the number of QDs attached to a single silica bead. Our approach enables flow cytometry analysis to be highly sensitive, quantitative, and encompass a wide dynamic range of fluorescence detection. Quantitative aspects of the proposed flow cytometery-based approach for measurement of the QD-based biomimetic samples are discussed. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yim, P (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6543-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6430 BP T4301 EP T4301 AR 64301T DI 10.1117/12.714138 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGB90 UT WOS:000245947500039 ER PT B AU Azari, H AF Azari, Haleh BE Loizos, A Scarpas, T AlQadi, IL TI Effect of aggregate inhomogeneity on mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures SO ADVANCED CHARACTERISATION OF PAVEMENT SOIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Characterisation of Pavement and Soil Engineering Materials CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP Natl Tech Univ, Athens, Delft Univ Technol, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Hellen Soc Pavement Engn Res, Int Soc Asphalt Pavements, Int Soc Concrete Pavements AB Vertical and radial inhomogeneity of asphalt mixture components in laboratory-fabricated specimens have been of concern in asphalt mixture testing because of their potential effect on the mechanical response of the materials. Two important questions needed to be answered. First, can the existence of inhomogeneity in laboratory specimens definitively be distinguished? Second, if inhomogeneity exists, what effect would it have on the performance of asphalt materials? Several new indices were developed to assess the extent of inhomogeneity. The level of accuracy of the suggested indices was evaluated by testing virtual and real specimens. Computer simulation was used to fabricate virtual specimens with various aggregate structures and to test the indices. The statistical power of the tests and the critical values for tests on the proposed indices were computed. The computed power of the tests indicated that the proposed tests are accurate for the measurement of both vertical and radial inhomogeneity. Actual specimens, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous, were fabricated to validate the simulation results. The indices of homogeneity were computed from the x-ray computed tomography images of the specimens. Among the proposed indices, the z index on frequency proportion most clearly distinguished between the homogeneous and inhomogeneous specimens. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to examine the effect of inhomogeneity on the mechanical performance of the material. The effect of vertical and radial inhomogeneity was examined on compressive and shear properties of the mixtures, respectively. Statistical analyses on the results indicated that the compressive modulus (E*) of homogeneous specimens were slightly but not significantly higher than those of vertically inhomogeneous specimens, and the shear modulus (G*) of homogeneous specimens were significantly lower than those of radially inhomogeneous specimens. A correlation analysis indicated insignificant correlation between the compressive properties and the index of vertical homogeneity but significant correlation between the shear properties and the index of radial homogeneity. The asphalt mixture was not sensitive to extreme level of vertical inhomogeneity when loaded axially but was responsive to radial inhomogeneity when loaded in shear. C1 [Azari, Haleh] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Azari, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44882-6 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 291 EP 302 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Soil Science SC Engineering; Agriculture GA BHC59 UT WOS:000252193600025 ER PT S AU Song, J Vorburger, T AF Song, John Vorburger, Ted BE Duparre, A Singh, B Gu, ZH TI A novel parameter proposed for 2D and 3D topography measurements and comparisons - art. no. 66720M SO ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTICS, SEMICONDUCTORS, AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Characterization Techniques for Optics, Semiconductors, and Nanotechnologies III CY AUG 28-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE surface metrology; topography measurement; cross-correlation function ID STANDARD BULLETS AB Based on the cross-correlation function (CCF), a new parameter called profile difference, D-s (or topography difference for 3D), is developed for measurement and comparison of 2D profiles and 3D topographies. When D-s = 0, the two compared profiles or topographies must be exactly the same (point by point). A 2D and 3D topography measurement system was established at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), that includes data acquisition stations using stylus instruments and a confocal microscope, and a correlation program using the proposed parameter D-s and the cross-correlation function maximum CCFmax. This system has been used for 2D and 3D ballistics signature measurements of the NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2461/2461 Standard Bullets and Casings, and received high measurement reproducibility. It is suggested that the proposed parameter and algorithm can be generally used for measurement and comparison of 2D and 3D surface topographies in surface metrology and other areas. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6820-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6672 BP M6720 EP M6720 DI 10.1117/12.734424 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGX07 UT WOS:000251050200020 ER PT S AU Jiang, KJ Deng, L Payne, MG AF Jiang, K. J. Deng, L. Payne, M. G. BE Hasan, ZU Craig, AE Shahriar, SM Coufal, HJ TI Significant propagation reduction of an optical pulse in an active Raman gain scheme - art. no. 64820S SO Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical and Quantum Memories and Computing IV CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE group velocity; electromagnetically induced transparency; Raman gain ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; GROUP-VELOCITY REDUCTION; ATOMIC GAS; LIGHT; DISPERSION AB We report an experimental investigation of significant optical-pulse propagation reduction using a three-state active Raman gain scheme. This scheme which varies fundamentally from the common electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, is capable of achieving ultraslow and distortion-free propagation of a pulsed probe field. The group velocity behavior of this new scheme is drastically different from the conventional electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, and can be used to accurately and directly measure the decoherence rate of a long-lived state. Furthermore, the Raman gain scheme can be broadly tuned, which may has advantages in actual applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jiang, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jiang, Kaijun/F-2712-2014 OI Jiang, Kaijun/0000-0003-3126-4335 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6595-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6482 BP S4820 EP S4820 AR 64820S DI 10.1117/12.716469 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGF12 UT WOS:000246396000018 ER PT S AU Gansen, EJ Rowe, MA Greene, MB Rosenberg, D Harvey, TE Su, MY Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Gansen, Eric J. Rowe, Mary A. Greene, Marion B. Rosenberg, Danna Harvey, Todd E. Su, Mark Y. Nam, Sac Woo Mirin, Richard P. BE Becker, W TI Photon-number discrimination using a semiconductor quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques II CY SEP 09-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE single-photon detector; quantum optics; field-effect transistor; quantum dots ID RESOLVING DETECTION AB We demonstrate photon-number discrimination using a novel semiconductor detector that utilizes a layer of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) as an optically addressable floating gate in a GaAs/AlGaAs delta-doped field-effect transistor. When the QDOGFET (quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor) is illuminated, the internal gate field directs the holes generated in the dedicated absorption layer of the structure to the QDs, where they are trapped. The positively charged holes are confined to the dots and screen the internal gate field, causing a persistent change in the channel current that is proportional to the total number of holes trapped in the QD ensemble. We use highly attenuated laser pulses to characterize the response of the QDOGFET cooled to 4 K. We demonstrate that different photon-number states produce well resolved changes in the channel current, where the responses of the detector reflect the Poisson statistics of the laser light. For a mean photon number of 1.1, we show that decision regions can be defined such that the QDOGFET determines the number (0, 1, 2, or >= 3) of detected photons with a probability of accuracy >= 83% in a single-shot measurement. C1 [Gansen, Eric J.; Rowe, Mary A.; Greene, Marion B.; Harvey, Todd E.; Su, Mark Y.; Nam, Sac Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gansen, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6931-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6771 AR 67710Y DI 10.1117/12.734122 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Biophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHJ08 UT WOS:000253477700020 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Migdall, A Degiovanni, IP Schettini, V AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan Degiovanni, I. P. Schettini, V. BE Becker, W TI Improved photon-counting detector performance by intelligent management of detector deadtime SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques II CY SEP 09-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE photon counting; detector; down-conversion; correlated photons; statistical methods ID SINGLE-PHOTON; MU-M AB We discuss the difficulties of photon-counting at extremely high rates and introduce a scheme for a photon-counting detection system that addresses these difficulties. The method uses an array of N detectors and a 1-by-N optical switch with a control circuit to direct input light to live detectors. We compare performance of our system to other, passive detection systems and show that our detection system can handle incident photon rates higher than otherwise possible by suppressing the effects of detector deadtime. To support this claim, we present results of theoretical analysis and a proof-of-concept experiment. In particular, both calculations and the experiment prove that a group of intelligently managed N detectors provides an improvement in operation rate that can exceed the improvement that would be obtained by either a single detector with deadtime reduced by 1/N, even if it were feasible to produce a single detector with such a large improvement in deadtime, or a passive beamsplitter tree system with N detectors. In addition to deadtime reduction, our scheme reduces afterpulsing as well as background counts (such as dark counts). We conclude that an intelligent active management of a group of N detectors is the best arrangement of photon-counting detectors to handle high photon rates, an important technological challenge for fast developing quantum metrology and quantum key distribution applications. C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6931-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6771 AR 677110 DI 10.1117/12.734055 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Biophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHJ08 UT WOS:000253477700022 ER PT J AU Li, SL Bates, GT AF Li Shuanglin Bates, Gary T. TI Influence of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on the winter climate of East China SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Multidccadal Oscillation; winter climate; East China ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; AFRICAN RAINFALL; SST TRIPOLE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SYSTEM; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE AB The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the multidecadal variation of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), exhibits an oscillation with a period of 65-80 years and an amplitude of 0.4 degrees C. Observational composite analyses reveal that the warm phase AMO is linked to warmer winters in East China, with enhanced precipitation in the north of this region and reduced precipitation in the south, on multidecadal time scales. The pattern is reversed during the cold phase AMO. Whether the AMO acts as a forcing of the multidecadal winter climate of East China is explored by investigating the atmospheric response to warm AMO SST anomalies in a large ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments. The results from three AGCMs are consistent and suggest that the AMO warmth favors warmer winters in East China. This influence is realized through inducing negative surface air pressure anomalies in the hemispheric-wide domain extending from the midlatitude North Atlantic to midlatitude Eurasia. These negative surface anomalies favor the weakening of the Mongolian Cold High, and thus induce a weaker East Asian Winter Monsoon. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, NOAA, ESRL CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Nansen Zhu Int Res Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM shuanglin.li@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Shuanglin /D-5695-2013; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 OI Li, Shuanglin /0000-0002-4891-8561; NR 31 TC 55 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 26 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1007/s00376-007-0126-6 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129CU UT WOS:000243706800013 ER PT S AU Regal, CA Jin, DS AF Regal, C. A. Jin, D. S. BE Berman, PR Lin, CC Arimondo, E TI Experimental realization of the BCS-BEC crossover with a Fermi gas of atoms SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 54 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FESHBACH RESONANCES; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; TUNABLE INTERACTIONS; ULTRACOLD MOLECULES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; LIQUID-HELIUM; TRAPPED ATOMS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Ultracold atomic gases have proven to be remarkable model systems for exploring quantum mechanical phenomena. Experimental work on gases of fermionic atoms in particular has seen astounding recent progress. In the short span of time between 2001 and 2004 accessible Fermi gas systems evolved from normal Fermi liquids at moderate temperatures to superfluids in the BCS-BEC crossover. This was made possible by unique control over interparticle interactions using Feshbach resonances in Li-6 and K-40 gases. In this chapter we present the story of the experimental realization of BCS-BEC crossover physics from the point of view of studies using K-40 at JILA. We start with some historical context and an introduction to the theory of the BCS-BEC crossover and Feshbach resonances. We then present studies of a normal K-40 Fermi gas at a Feshbach resonance and the work required to cool the gas to temperatures where superfluidity in the crossover is predicted. These studies culminated in the first observation of a phase transition in the BCS-BEC crossover regime, a task accomplished through detection of condensation of fermionic atom pairs. We also discuss subsequent work that confirmed the crossover nature of the pairs in these condensates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Regal, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 176 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 0-12-003854-4 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2007 VL 54 BP 1 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S1049-250X(06)54001-7 PG 79 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BFL56 UT WOS:000242833500001 ER PT S AU Lyle, J Mead, S Rider, K AF Lyle, James Mead, Steven Rider, Kelsey BE Craiger, P Shenoi, S TI Disk drive I/O commands and write blocking SO ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSIC III SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Digital Forensics CY JAN 28-31, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Natl Ctr Forens Sci, Int Federat Informat Proc WG 11 9 DE data acquisition; forensic tool testing; write blockers AB A write blocker allows read-only access to digital data on a secondary storage device by placing a hardware or software filter between the host computer and the storage device. The filter monitors I/O commands sent from the application on the host computer, only allowing commands to the device that make no changes to its data. This paper examines the I/O commands used to access secondary storage devices and discusses their implications for BIOS-based and hardware-based write blockers. C1 [Lyle, James; Mead, Steven; Rider, Kelsey] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyle, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73741-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 242 BP 163 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGQ11 UT WOS:000249667100011 ER PT B AU Deshayes, L Foufou, S Gruninger, M AF Deshayes, Laurent Foufou, Sebti Gruninger, Michael BE Tichkiewitch, S Tollenaere, M Ray, P TI An ontology architecture for standards integration and conformance in manufacturing SO ADVANCES IN INTEGRATED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering CY MAY 17-19, 2006 CL Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, Grenoble, FRANCE SP French AIP PRIMECA Network, Inter Inst Product Workshops, Pole Resources Informat Mecan, Comp Resource Pole Mech HO Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble DE product manufacturing; turning tools; standards integration; ontologies; first order logic; ontology architecture AB Standards reflect consensus on the semantics of terms. When used to communicate, whether between people or software systems, standards ensure the communication is correct. Different standards have different semantics for the same terms and express common concepts using different terms and in different ways. Communication between software systems based on different standards is sometimes difficult to achieve. Standards integration concerns the explicit representation of the overlapping sets of concepts in standards and the differences in their semantics to ensure that these standards are used consistently together. This in turn enables software that is based on integrated standards to interoperate, reducing the cost of software integration. Standards conformance determines whether the interpretation of the standardized terms used by software applications is consistent with semantics given by the standards. This paper proposes a general architecture to design ontologies for standards integration and conformance in manufacturing engineering. The ontology architecture is divided into four levels: vendor, standards, domain, and core. Manufacturing turning tools are used as a case study to illustrate the approach. Finally this paper offers some short examples of first order logic propositions. C1 [Deshayes, Laurent] IFMA, Lami, BP 265, F-63175 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Foufou, Sebti] Univ Burgundy, CNRS, LE2i, UMR 5158, F-47870 Dijon, France. [Gruninger, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSID Div, DPG Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Deshayes, L (reprint author), IFMA, Lami, BP 265, F-63175 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM laurent.deshayes@ifma.fr; sfoufou@u-bourgogne.fr; gruning@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6760-0 PY 2007 BP 261 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6761-7_18 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGY99 UT WOS:000251416900018 ER PT S AU Wu, WL Prabhu, VM Lin, EK AF Wu, Wen-Li Prabhu, Vivek M. Lin, Eric K. BE Lin, Q TI Identifying materials limits of chemically amplified photoresists - art. no. 651902 SO Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; POSITIVE-TONE; AMPLIFICATION RESISTS; NOVOLAK DISSOLUTION; PERCOLATION VIEW; DIFFUSION LENGTH; MODEL; LITHOGRAPHY; DEPENDENCE; RESOLUTION AB Chemically amplified photoresists are likely to remain the primary imaging materials for the semiconductor industry. As feature sizes decrease to dimensions comparable to the characteristic size of the molecules in the photoresist, a significant challenge lies in identifying the ultimate resolution limit of these materials. To address this challenge, we investigated model photoresist materials with high resolution measurements to examine the effect of individual factors among interdependent process steps on line-edge roughness (LER). Using a bilayer film sample geometry, we measured the internal deprotection interface with nanometer resolution as a function of photoacid size, initial resist copolymer composition, and amine base quencher by neutron reflectivity and infrared spectroscopy. After development, we found that the resist chemistry and additives can play an important role in LER through its influence on acid diffusion. However, these model experiments suggest that there is a limit in LER even with an idealized exposure image contrast and decreases in the width of the reaction-diffusion front. However, there may be opportunities to further decrease LER during development by tuning the response of the photoresist to the developer solution. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6519 BP 51902 EP 51902 AR 651902 DI 10.1117/12.720424 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600003 ER PT S AU Prabhu, VM Vogt, BD Kang, S Rao, A Lin, EK Satija, SK Turnquest, K AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Vogt, Bryan D. Kang, Shuhui Rao, Ashwin Lin, Eric K. Satija, Sushil K. Turnquest, Karen BE Lin, Q TI Direct measurement of the in situ developed latent image: The residual swelling fraction - art. no. 651910 SO Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; REACTIVE DISSOLUTION; POLYMER DISSOLUTION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; RESIST COMPONENTS; MODEL; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The spatial distribution of polymer photoresist and deuterium labeled developer highlights a fraction of material at a model line edge that swells, but does not dissolve. This residual swelling fraction remains swollen during both the in situ development and rinse steps uncovering that the final lithographic feature is resolved by a collapse mechanism during the drying step. We demonstrate that contrast variant neutron reflectivity provides a general method to probe the nanometer resolved in situ development and rinse process step. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6519 BP 51910 EP 51910 AR 651910 DI 10.1117/12.712311 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600036 ER PT S AU Woodward, JT Fedynyshyn, TH Astolfi, DK Cann, S Roberts, JM Leeson, MJ AF Woodward, John T. Fedynyshyn, Theodore H. Astolfi, David K. Cann, Susan Roberts, Jeanette M. Leeson, Michael J. BE Lin, Q TI Component segregation in model chemically amplified resists - art. no. 651915 SO Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE photoresist; line edge roughness; PAG; atomic force microscopy; chemical force microscopy ID FORCE MICROSCOPY AB We have applied chemical force microscopy (CFM) to probe the surface roughness of partially developed model resist materials in order to understand the fundamental materials properties of the resists leading to line edge roughness (LER). CFM is capable of providing simultaneous information about surface topography and chemical heterogeneity of partially developed resist films. We have used CFM to study ESCAP type resists that are used in 248 nm and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. We observe changes in both the innate material roughness and chemical heterogeneity of the resist with the introduction of photoacid generator (PAG) and with exposure and post exposure bake (PEB). We find several mechanisms by which chemical heterogeneity can contribute to increasing the innate material roughness of the resist. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woodward, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6519 BP 51915 EP 51915 AR 651915 DI 10.1117/12.711152 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600040 ER PT S AU Kang, S Vogt, BD Wu, WL Prabhu, VM VanderHart, DL Rao, A Lin, EK Turnquest, K AF Kang, Shuhui Vogt, Bryan D. Wu, Wen-Li Prabhu, Vivek M. VanderHart, David L. Rao, Ashwin Lin, Eric K. Turnquest, Karen BE Lin, Q TI FTIR measurements of compositional heterogeneities - art. no. 651916 SO Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; ACID; MICROLITHOGRAPHY; LITHOGRAPHY; DISSOLUTION; ROUGHNESS; POLYMERS AB A general approach to characterize compositional heterogeneity in polymer thin films using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been demonstrated Polymer films with varying degrees of heterogeneity were prepared using a model chemically amplified photoresist where a photoacid catalyzed reaction-diffusion process results in the formation of methacrylic acid (MAA)-rich domains. Within these domains, the carboxylic acid groups dimerize 14 through hydrogen bonding. FTIR measurements of the relative fraction of hydrogen-bonded versus free carboxylic groups are used to quantify the degree of compositional heterogeneity. It was shown that the degree of the spatial heterogeneity varies with changes in the deprotection level and initial copolymer composition. The degree of heterogeneity is small at very low and very high deprotection level and maximize when the deprotection level is around 0.25. Increased non-reactive comonomer content decreases the degree of heterogeneity by reducing the hydrogen bonding efficiency. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kang, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6519 BP 51916 EP 51916 AR 651916 DI 10.1117/12.712659 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600041 ER PT S AU Kang, SH Wu, WL Prabhu, VM Vogt, BD Lin, EK Turnquest, K AF Kang, Shuhui Wu, Wen-Li Prabhu, Vivek M. Vogt, Bryan D. Lin, Eric K. Turnquest, Karen BE Lin, Q TI Evaluation of the 3D compositional heterogeneity effect on line-edge-roughness SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXIV CY FEB 26-28, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; POSITIVE-TONE; ACID-DIFFUSION; PHOTORESIST; DISSOLUTION; MODEL; LITHOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; SIMULATION AB The controlling factors in the formation of the compositional heterogeneity at the deprotection front were investigated using 3D computer simulation. The results illustrate that the chemical composition fluctuation (CCF) formed by the photoresist deprotection reaction is an important factor contributing to the line-edge-roughness (LER) in addition to the deprotection gradient (DG) of the reaction front. The magnitude of the chemical composition fluctuation and the deprotection gradient are found to depend on the ratio of the deprotection reaction rate constant to diffusion coefficient (k(p)/D) and the number of hoping step (n) With this new finding, the influence on LER from various process/material parameters such as dose/contrast, diffusivity, and reactivity can all be understood through their effects on k(p)/D and n. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6638-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6519 AR 65193V DI 10.1117/12.712682 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BGJ18 UT WOS:000247395600123 ER PT J AU Luhmann, JG Ledvina, SA Krauss-Varbarn, D Odstrcil, D Riley, P AF Luhmann, J. G. Ledvina, S. A. Krauss-Varbarn, D. Odstrcil, D. Riley, P. TI A heliospheric simulation-based approach to SEP source and transport modeling SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE solar energetic particles; space weather ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS AB Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) ion flux time profiles, continue to be a subject of interest because of the information they contain about sources and acceleration processes. STEREO and someday the LWS Sentinels missions have increased capabilities for resolving some of the outstanding questions raised by SEP profiles by means of regular multipoint SEP measurements over a wide energy and mass spectrum. Among these is the location and nature of the source(s) and the effects of source properties versus transport in determining the profiles. However, the interpretation of these data will require a more realistic description of the coronal and interplanetary source and transport geometries than previous approaches. In particular, the possibilities for tracing back minimally scattered SEP (>10 MeV) ions to their sources has greatly improved as a result of computational models of the coronal and interplanetary magnetic fields based on solar magnetograms. Here we use a heliospheric MHD simulation of the May 12, 1997 interplanetary coronal mass ejection to illustrate an approach to modeling the associated SEP event. Our approach assumes that the simulated shock is the moving source of the ions, and that a near-Earth spacecraft samples the fluxes on a sequence of field lines connected to that evolving source. It is found that the combination of a relatively simple shock source description and scatter-free propagation can approximate an observed SEP time profile. The approach emphasizes the importance of knowing the observer-connected shock source time history, which is difficult to include in a SEP event model without a realistic underlying model of the heliospheric event. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luhmann, J. G.; Ledvina, S. A.; Krauss-Varbarn, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA SEC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Riley, P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Luhmann, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu OI Ledvina, Stephen/0000-0002-2450-775X NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.089 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OP UT WOS:000253589400002 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Fry, CD Dryer, M Wu, ST Thompson, B Liou, K Feng, XS AF Wu, C. C. Fry, C. D. Dryer, M. Wu, S. T. Thompson, B. Liou, Kan Feng, X. S. TI Three-dimensional global simulation of multiple ICMEs' interaction and propagation from the Sun to the heliosphere following the 25-28 October 2003 solar events SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sun : flare; Sun : coronal mass ejection; Sun : interplanetary shock; 3D globe MHD simulation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD CHANGES; MHD SIMULATION; 1 AU; WIND; EARTH; TIME; CMES; FLOW; STREAMER AB This study performs simulations of interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) propagation in a realistic three-dimensional (313) solar wind structure from the Sun to the Earth by using the newly developed hybrid code, HAFv.2+3DMHD. This model combines two simulation codes, Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry code version 2 (HAFv.2) and a fully 3D, time-dependent MHD simulation code. The solar wind structure is simulated out to 0.08 AU (18 Rs) from source surface maps using the HAFv.2 code. The outputs at 0.08 AU are then used to provide inputs for the lower boundary, at that location, of the 3D MHD code to calculate solar wind and its evolution to I AU and beyond. A dynamic disturbance, mimicking a particular flare's energy output, is delivered to this non-uniform structure to model the evolution and interplanetary propagation of ICMEs (including their shocks). We then show the interaction between two ICMEs and the dynamic process during the overtaking of one shock by the other. The results show that both CMEs and heliosphere current sheet/plasma sheet were deformed by interacting with each other. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Wu, C. C.; Wu, S. T.] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Fry, C. D.; Dryer, M.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, R E SE, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Thompson, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liou, Kan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wu, C. C.; Feng, X. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key State Lab Space Weather, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM wuc@cspar.uah.edu; gfry@expi.com; murray.dryer@noaa.gov; wus@cspar.uah.edu; Barbara.j.thomspan@nasa.gov; kan.liou@jhuapl.edu; fengx@spaceweather.ae.en RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1834 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.025 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OY UT WOS:000253590300008 ER PT J AU Seiler, RA Kogan, F Wei, G Vinocur, M AF Seiler, R. A. Kogan, F. Wei, Guo Vinocur, M. TI Seasonal and interannual responses of the vegetation and production of crops in Cordoba-Argentina assessed by AVHRR derived vegetation indices SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; AVHRR indices; corn yield; weather variability; weather-vegetation monitoring ID SENEGALESE SAHEL; SATELLITE DATA; UNITED-STATES; NDVI DATA; IMPACTS; YIELD AB Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based vegetation indices are widely accepted as good indicators for providing vegetation properties and associated changes for large scale geographic regions. Also, their capability to indicate moisture conditions m akes them an important data source for monitoring climate variations and droughts. The objective of this study was to test the AVHRR-vegetation conditions indices data set as indicators of the weather variability through the seasonal and interannual responses of the vegetation and the production of crops. Time-series of AVHRR vegetation condition indices during 1981-2003 were used to generate the seasonal and interannual vegetation curves for departments (administrative unites) of the Cordoba province in Argentina. Yield series of corn by departments were analyzed against AVHRR derived indices and corn yield predicting models were developed. Vegetation condition curves were able to differentiate vegetation responses associated with normal/above normal and below normal precipitation during the growing season. Corn yield models based on the vegetation condition indices explained up to 80% of the yield variation of corn, according to departments. Results from the analysis showed that the variability of the indices serves as good proxy for identifying environmental sources of variations mainly climate, and thus to provide insights for further analysis to understand the potential of the regional climate for crop production and the effects of the climate variability on vegetation and on corn yield. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Seiler, R. A.; Vinocur, M.] Univ Nacl Rio Cuarto, RA-5800 Rio Cuarto, Argentina. [Kogan, F.; Wei, Guo] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Seiler, RA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Rio Cuarto, Ruta Nac 36,Km 601, RA-5800 Rio Cuarto, Argentina. EM rseiler@ayv.unrc.edu.ar RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.05.024 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286BS UT WOS:000254821000015 ER PT J AU Mertens, CJ Mast, JC Winick, JR Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Evans, DS AF Mertens, Christopher J. Mast, Jeffrey C. Winick, Jeremy R. Russell, James M., III Mlynczak, Martin G. Evans, David S. TI Ionospheric E-region response to solar-geomagnetic storms observed by TIMED/SABER and application to IRI storm-model development SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; magnetic storms; ion-neutral chemistry; non-LTE; radiation transfer ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ROTATIONALLY EXCITED NO+; MU-M BANDS; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL SOLUTION; AURORAL ELECTRONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; INFRARED BANDS; LIMB EMISSION AB The large thermospheric infrared radiance enhancements observed from the TIMED/SABER experiment during recent solar storms provide an exciting opportunity to study the influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. In particular, nighttime enhancements of 4.3 mu m emission, due to vibrational excitation and radiative emission by NO+, provide an excellent proxy to study and analyze the response of the ionospheric E-region to auroral electron dosing and storm-time enhancements to the E-region electron density. In this paper, we give a status report of on-going work on model and data analysis methodologies of deriving NO+ 4.3 mu m volume emission rates, a proxy for the storm-time E-region response, and the approach for deriving an empirical storm-time correction to IRI E-region NO+ and electron densities. (c) 2006 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mertens, Christopher J.; Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mast, Jeffrey C.] SAIC Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Winick, Jeremy R.] Hanscom AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Evans, David S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM ej.mertens@larc.nasa.gov RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 715 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2006.09.032 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OE UT WOS:000253588300012 ER PT J AU Moeketsi, DM Combrinck, WL McKinnell, LA Fedrizzi, M AF Moeketsi, D. M. Combrinck, W. L. McKinnell, L. A. Fedrizzi, M. TI Mapping GPS-derived ionospheric Total Electron Content over Southern Africa during different epochs of solar cycle 23 SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE solar terrestrial physics; solar cycle; solar flares; global positioning system; ionosphere; Total Electron Content; UNB model; international reference ionosphere ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; TEC MEASUREMENTS; SOLAR-FLARE; NETWORK; SYSTEM AB The Southern African Development Community and the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service (GNSS) network of dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers provide an opportunity to determine Total Electron Content (TEC) over Southern Africa by taking advantage of the dispersive nature of the ionospheric medium. For this task, the University of New Brunswick (UNB) ionospheric modelling technique which applies a spatial linear approximation of the vertical TEC above each station using stochastic parameters in Kalman filter estimation, primed with data from the Southern Africa GPS network, was used for mapping TEC at South African locations during selected days and hours of different epochs of solar cycle 23. Significant enhancements in the TEC value and features, which could be associated with frequent solar events, are evident around a day of extreme solar maximum. These observations are discussed and further investigated by analyzing the GOES 8 and 10 satellites X-ray flux (0.1-0.8 nm) and SOHO Solar EUV Monitor (26.0-34.0 nm) higher resolution data. Comparison of these physical quantities reveals that for each X-ray flare observed, there is an associated EUV flare event. The latter phenomenon causes photoionisation in the daytime ionosphere which results in significant TEC enhancement. The daytime UNB TEC compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2001 predicted TEC found both models to show a good agreement. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 HArtRAO, Space Geodesy Programme, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. [Moeketsi, D. M.; McKinnell, L. A.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Phys & Elect, ZA-6139 Grahamstown, South Africa. [McKinnell, L. A.] Hermanus Magnet observ, ZA-7200 Hermanus, South Africa. [Fedrizzi, M.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Moeketsi, DM (reprint author), HArtRAO, Space Geodesy Programme, POB 443, ZA-1740 Krugersdorp, South Africa. EM mojalefa@hartrao.ac.za; ludwig@hartrao.ac.za; L.mckinneli@ru.ac.za; Mariangel.Fediizzi@noaa.gov RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 5 BP 821 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.065 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OE UT WOS:000253588300026 ER PT J AU Gooding, RH Wagner, CA Klokocnik, J Kostelecky, J Gruber, C AF Gooding, R. H. Wagner, C. A. Klokocnik, J. Kostelecky, J. Gruber, Ch. TI CHAMP and GRACE resonances, and the gravity field of the Earth SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gravity field resonances; lumped coefficients; CHAMP; GRACE ID GEOPOTENTIAL HARMONICS; SATELLITE; ORBITS; RECOVERY AB Using orbital data far more precise than existed a quarter of a century ago, we have derived values for lumped geopotential harmonic coefficients from the passage of the satellites CHAMP (Challenging Minisatellite Payload) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) through particular resonances. Due to orbit decay, CHAMP first passed through the 46/3 resonance (orbit repeating after 46 revolutions over three days) and then, in due course, 77/5, 31/2 and 47/3; indeed it passed through 31/2 three times, following orbit raises to extend the satellite's useful lifetime. The orbit data we used for CHAMP came from the retrospectively computed and highly accurate state vectors, but for GRACE (both satellites) only the routine (less accurate) TLEs (Two-Line mean Elements) have so far been available, being used for 61/4 analysis. Values for the lumped harmonics come from analysis of the large variation in the orbital inclination (and to a lesser degree the nodal right ascension) that they cause. Our main success has been for the 31/2 resonance, including the implicit 62/4, but in all cases our lumped values agree well with values based on the complete CHAMP and GRACE high-degree global gravity models (Eigen-3p and Eigen-Grace02s, respectively), though essentially independent of them. This confirms both the validity of our method and the high quality of the new global models. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Gooding, R. H.] Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Wagner, C. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Klokocnik, J.; Kostelecky, J.] Ctr Earth Dynam Res, Prague, Czech Republic. [Klokocnik, J.; Gruber, Ch.] TU, Fac Civil Engn, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, J.] Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog, Zdiby, Czech Republic. RP Gooding, RH (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. EM family.gooding@virgin.net; carl.wagner@noaa.gov; jklokocn@asu.cas.cz; kost@fsv.cvut.cz RI Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2007 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1604 EP 1611 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.086 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268OI UT WOS:000253588700012 ER PT J AU Hegg, DA Covert, DS Jonsson, H Covert, PA AF Hegg, Dean A. Covert, David S. Jonsson, Haflidi Covert, Paul A. TI An instrument for measuring size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity at both sub- and super-micron sizes SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC COAST; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; LIGHT-SCATTERING; AMBIENT AEROSOL; PARTICLE-SIZE; UNITED-STATES; CLOUD ALBEDO; ACE-ASIA AB A new instrument to measure the size-resolved hygroscopic growth of both sub-and super-micron atmospheric aerosol is described. It consists of two white-light optical particle counters measuring the same sample aerosol simultaneously at two different controlled relative humidities. Calibration with aerosols of different refractive index confirms the expected relative insensitivity of the instrument to index of refraction. Data obtained in the field from airborne sampling support the utility of the instrument in measuring differences in size-resolved hygroscopicity in the marine boundary layer and also in addressing the issue of kinetic limitations to aerosol condensational growth. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Marina, CA USA. CIRPAS, Marina, CA USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hegg, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, MC 351640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM deanhegg@atmos.washington.edu OI Covert, Paul/0000-0002-7434-4995 NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 873 EP 883 DI 10.1080/02786820701506955 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212BW UT WOS:000249569600007 ER PT S AU Bullock, OR Braverman, T AF Bullock, O. Russell, Jr. Braverman, Thomas BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Application of the CMAQ mercury model for US EPA regulatory support SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE AB On March 15, 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued its Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) to permanently cap and reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired Electric Generating Units (EGUs). Part of the development of the CAMR involved simulations of atmospheric mercury emission, transport and deposition across a large part of North America using a special version of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to assess the expected decrease in mercury deposition from various emission control options. CMAQ model simulations of a 2001 base case and a 2020 case with full implementation of the CAMR and the separate Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) showed that mercury emissions from EGUs are expected to decrease by 48% by 2020. Emission reductions of 68% were shown for reactive gaseous mercury, the form of mercury most readily deposited from the atmosphere. Simulated wet deposition of atmospheric mercury for 2001 was compared to observations from the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN). The CMAQ modeling was able to resolve about 60% of the observed site-to-site variance. The modeling also showed that the reduction in mercury deposition expected by 2020 from the CAIR and CAMR is similar to that which would have been obtained by completely eliminating mercury emissions from EGUs in the U.S. in 2001. Most of the emission reductions from the CAMR are in the form of elemental mercury. The CMAQ modeling showed nearly all of these emissions were exported from the modeling domain. Thus, it is expected that the CAMR will result in a reduction of the transport of mercury to other parts of the world. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell, Jr.] US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06022-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500010 ER PT S AU Porter, PS Gego, E Gilliland, A Hogrefe, C Godowitch, J Rao, ST AF Porter, P. Steven Gego, Edith Gilliland, Alice Hogrefe, Christian Godowitch, James Rao, S. Trivikrama BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Modeling assessment of the impact of nitrogen oxides emission reductions on ozone air quality in the Eastern United States: Offsetting increases in energy use SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A photochemical air quality model was used to evaluate the impact of a series of NOx control rules on ozone air quality in the eastern U.S. Thanks to the acid rain program and the NOx SIP Call, emission rates of NOx (mass NOx/energy content of fuel used) from industrial point sources have declined dramatically since 1997. Model simulations were performed with three emission scenarios: 2002 emissions, 2004 emissions, and a 'no control' scenario. The latter simulates conditions that would have existed in 2002 had new NOx emission controls not been imposed. All scenarios used 2002 meteorology. Controls lead to reductions of NOx emissions in 2002 and 2004 to roughly two thirds and one third of their 1997 levels, respectively. In response to these emission changes, the model predicted that maximun 8-h average ozone concentrations would have decreased from 3% to 8% between 2002 and 2004 given 2002 meteorolgy. The absence of control would have led to considerably higher ozone levels in most of the eastern U.S., with exceptions occurring in the vicinity of point sources, regions that would have experienced lower ozone levels thanks to a more intense titration process. C1 [Porter, P. Steven] Univ Idaho, Civil Engn Sci Ctr 1776, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Porter, PS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Civil Engn Sci Ctr 1776, Suite 306, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM porter@if.uidaho.edu; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us; rao.st@epa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06210-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500018 ER PT S AU Godowitch, J Gilliland, A Gego, E Draxler, R Rao, ST AF Godowitch, J. Gilliland, A. Gego, E. Draxler, R. Rao, S. Trivikrama BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Integrated observational and modeling approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of ozone control policies SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR-QUALITY AB Although there has been much progress in improving ambient air quality, the concentrations of ozone continue to exceed their acceptable levels in the United States and many parts of the world. Because of the regional nature of this pollutant, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required the States to undertake large reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by 2004 to address long-range transport of ozone and its precursors as part of their State Implementation Plans (SIPs). As a result of this control program, referred to as the "NOx SIP Call", 21 states in the eastern United States have achieved substantial NOx reductions from the utility sector by 2004. This emission control strategy should greatly reduce ambient ground-level ozone in the eastern United States. A systematic tracking of air quality achievements is necessary to properly evaluate U.S. policy and program results in protecting public health and the environment. Consequently, EPA has undertaken a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of this control program to meet its objectives. In this paper, integrated observational and modeling methodologies are described in order to assess the impact of NOx emission reductions on maximum ozone concentrations. In particular, the emphasis in this paper is on selected results from the photochemical modeling effort. A set of modeling scenarios was performed that included point source NOx emission measurements from extended summer periods before and after implementation of the emission reductions. The model results revealed discernable decreases in daily maximum 8-h ozone in downwind areas of a major point source emission region exhibiting substantial NOx emission reductions, and the impacts were found to be greater at higher ozone values, which is a desirable benefit of the control program. C1 [Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM rao.st@epa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06215-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500023 ER PT S AU Lee, P McQueen, J Tsidulko, M Hart, M Kondragunta, S Kang, DW DiMego, G Davidson, P AF Lee, Pius McQueen, Jeffery Tsidulko, Marina Hart, Mary Kondragunta, Shobha Kang, Daiwen DiMego, Geoff Davidson, Paula BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Aerosol forecast over the Great Lakes for a February 2005 episode SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; MULTISCALE; COMPONENT AB Many air pollution agencies in the Upper Midwest and the Great Lakes regions in the U. S. had issued air advisories between January 31 and February 4, 2005. Air Quality Index (AQI) issued on the EPA web site for Minnesota peaked at 155 on January 31. In the Chicago area, AQI measured between 110 and 140 for most of this first week of February. The deterioration of the air quality over these regions for a rather prolonged duration had been attributed to the slow passing of broad high pressure systems centered over the Great Lakes during the period. The pressure systems were accompanied by extensive cloudiness and snow coverage over the same regions. This combination of meteorological conditions resulted in reduced atmospheric mixing, and high rates of atmospheric particle formation and growth due to high RH in the lower levels. In this study, the National Weather Service's (NWS) Eta-CMAQ Air Quality Forecast System (AQFS) has been used in a research mode to predict the aerosol concentration and speciation of this poor air episode. The model result has been verified in a crude manner by comparing its Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) prediction with that observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), and surface level aerosol concentration prediction with that compiled by the Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNOW) observation network. Qualitatively speaking, the predicted results are comparable to these aforementioned observed fields. Further analysis of the model results suggested a largely anthropogenic nature of the particulate matter in the lower atmosphere over the regions of high AQI in the period. C1 [Lee, Pius] USA NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, DOC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Kang, Daiwen] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), USA NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, DOC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM pius.lee@noaa.gov; kang.daiwen@epa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 492 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06052-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500046 ER PT S AU Cooter, EJ Gilliam, R Benjey, W Nolte, C Swall, J Gilliland, A AF Cooter, Ellen J. Gilliam, Robert Benjey, William Nolte, Chris Swall, Jenise Gilliland, Alice BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Examining the impact of changing climate on regional air quality over the US SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMISTRY AB The Climate Impact on Regional Air Quality (CIRAQ) project is a collaborative research effort involving multiple federal agencies and academic institutions to assess the impact of present and future climate on regional air quality across the United States. Preliminary results are presented which highlight model biases, variability and change of present (similar to 2000) and future (similar to 2050) regional climate, emissions and air quality model results for the summer season (June-August). The regional climate scenario derived for CIRAQ appears to reasonably represent large-scale summer-season climate means and variability in the western United States, but it fails to replicate some key summertime features in the eastern United States. A comparison of future and current climate simulation reveals that even though the general weather patterns change little in the future, the summer temperatures are on average 2-3 K warmer over the southwest quadrant of the United States. Other regions of United States are also warmer, but generally by less than 1 K. Preliminary analyses of the interannual and seasonal variability of biogenic and mobile emissions driven by current climate scenarios indicate isoprene and biogenic NO emissions are more temporally and spatially variable than are model generated on-road mobile source emissions. Comparison of these results with modeled emissions under future climate reveals similar spatial and temporal patterns, but elevated levels of biogenic emissions are present in the future simulation due to the warmer future summer temperatures throughout the study domain. Preliminary air quality modeling results identify regional differences in the response of current simulated 8-h maximum ozone concentrations and interannual variability to future climate change. Annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and the frequency and duration of elevated particulate matter episodes decrease in the future period relative to current period simulations. C1 [Cooter, Ellen J.] US EPA, NOAA Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Cooter, EJ (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, 109 TW Alexander Dr,MD E243-4, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM cooter.ellen@epa.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 633 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06061-5 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500059 ER PT S AU Porter, PS Rao, ST Gego, EL AF Porter, P. Steven Rao, S. T. Gego, E. L. BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI Relationships between nitrogen oxide emissions from electrical generating units in the US and meteorology SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The correlation between nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions and heat input (HI) from electrical generating units as well as meteorology was investigated. HI is the energy content of fuel used to generate electricity. Here, we examine time scales common to both HI and meteorology with the goal of improving the performance of air quality modeling and forecasting. C1 [Porter, P. Steven] Univ Idaho, Sci Ctr 1776, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Rao, S. T.] US EPA, NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Porter, PS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Sci Ctr 1776, Suite 306, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM porter@if.uidaho.edu; rao.st@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 793 EP 794 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06819-2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500085 ER PT S AU Bullock, OR Atkinson, D Braverman, T Dastoor, A Davignon, D Selin, N Jacoby, D Lohman, K Seigneur, C Vijayaraghavan, K Myers, T Civerolo, K Hogrefe, C AF Bullock, O. Russell Atkinson, Dwight Braverman, Thomas Dastoor, Ashu Davignon, Didier Selin, Noelle Jacoby, Daniel Lohman, Kristen Seigneur, Christian Vijayaraghavan, Krish Myers, Tom Civerolo, Kevin Hogrefe, Christian BE Borrego, C Renner, E TI The North American mercury model inter-comparison Study (NAMMIS) SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XVIII SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB NAMMIS is an intercomparison of atmospheric Hg models with a focus on North America. Three regional-scale atmospheric Hg models are the prime subjects of the study: the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model (CMAQ) developed by NOAA and EPA, the Regional Modeling System for Aerosols and Deposition (REMSAD) developed by ICFI, and the Trace Element Analysis Model (TEAM) developed by AER. The models were run for the entire year of 2001 using the same initial and boundary condition data. C1 [Bullock, O. Russell] US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Bullock, OR (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bullock.russell@epa.gov; chogrefe@dec.state.ny.us RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008 OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-054967-5 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2007 VL 6 BP 798 EP 801 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(07)06821-0 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCT11 UT WOS:000311322500087 ER PT B AU Bhave, PV Pouliot, GA Zheng, M AF Bhave, Prakash V. Pouliot, George A. Zheng, Mei BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Source apportionment of primary carbonaceous aerosol using the community multiscale air quality model SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICULATE MATTER; TRACERS C1 [Bhave, Prakash V.; Pouliot, George A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zheng, Mei] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bhave, PV (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bhave.prakash@epa.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 257 EP + PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600028 ER PT B AU Yu, SC Dennis, R Roselle, S Nenes, A Walker, J Eder, B Schere, K Swall, J Robarge, W AF Yu, Shaocai Dennis, Robin Roselle, Shawn Nenes, Athanasios Walker, John Eder, Brian Schere, Kenneth Swall, Jenise Robarge, Wayne BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI A test of thermodynamic equilibrium models and 3-D air quality models for predictions of aerosol NO3- SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Robarge, Wayne] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, RTP NC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yu, Shaocai] Assignment from Science & Technol, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Dennis, Robin; Roselle, Shawn; Eder, Brian; Schere, Kenneth; Swall, Jenise] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, assignment from Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Walker, John] US EPA, NRMRL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Robarge, W (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 351 EP + PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600038 ER PT B AU Arnold, JR Dennis, RL AF Arnold, J. R. Dennis, Robin L. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Testing physics and chemistry sensitivities in the US EPA community multiscale air quality modeling system (CMAQ) SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Arnold, J. R.; Dennis, Robin L.] US NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Arnold, J. R.; Dennis, Robin L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), US NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 495 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600053 ER PT B AU Dennis, RL Roselle, SJ Gilliam, R Arnold, J AF Dennis, Robin L. Roselle, Shawn J. Gilliam, Rob Arnold, Jeff BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI High time-resolved comparisons for in-depth probing of CMAQ fine-particle and gas predictions SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary ID HETEROGENEOUS HYDROLYSIS; AEROSOLS; IMPACT; N2O5 C1 [Dennis, Robin L.; Roselle, Shawn J.] US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Arnold, Jeff] Uni Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Gilliam, Rob] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Dennis, RL (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [DW13921548]; U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) [DW13921548] FX The research presented here was performed under the Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Commerces National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under agreement number DW13921548. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 515 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600055 ER PT B AU Hogrefe, C Jones, JM Gilliland, A Porter, PS Gego, E Gilliam, R Swall, J Irwin, J Rao, ST AF Hogrefe, C. Jones, J. M. Gilliland, A. Porter, P. S. Gego, E. Gilliam, R. Swall, J. Irwin, J. Rao, S. T. BE Borrego, C Norman, AL TI Evaluation of an annual simulation of ozone and fine particulate matter over the continental United States - Which temporal features are captured? SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATIONS XVII SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application CY OCT 24-29, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro, Univ Calgary C1 [Hogrefe, C.; Jones, J. M.] SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Gilliland, A.; Gilliam, R.; Swall, J.; Irwin, J.; Rao, S. T.] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Model Div, US Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Porter, P. S.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Gego, E.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Hogrefe, C (reprint author), SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. FU University of Idaho [EA133R-03-SE-0710]; University of New York [EA133R-03-SE-0650] FX The Department of Commerce partially funded the research described here under contracts with Dr. E. Gego (EA133R-03-SE-0710), with the University of Idaho to Dr. P. S. Porter (EA133R-03-SE-0372), and with the State University of New York to Dr. C. Hogrefe (EA133R-03-SE-0650). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-28255-8 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 2007 VL 17 BP 562 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BFU85 UT WOS:000244729600060 ER PT S AU Zilitinkevich, SS Grachev, AA Esau, IN Lalas, DP Akylas, E Fairall, CW Fernando, HJS Baklanov, A Joffre, SM Hunt, JCR AF Zilitinkevich, Sergej S. Grachev, A. A. Esau, I. N. Lalas, D. P. Akylas, E. Fairall, C. W. Fernando, H. J. S. Baklanov, A. Joffre, S. M. Hunt, J. C. R. BE Ebel, A Davitashvili, T TI Atmospheric convection over complex terrain and urban canopy: Non-local ventilation mechanisms and application to pollution-distersion and air-quality problems SO AIR, WATER AND SOIL QUALITY MODELLING FOR RISK AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Air, Water and Soil Quality Modelling for Risk and Impact Assessment CY DEC 16-20, 2005 CL Tabakhmela, GA SP NATO DE environmental modeling; convection; semi-organized eddies; surface fluxes C1 [Zilitinkevich, Sergej S.] Univ Helsinki, Div Atmospher Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Zilitinkevich, Sergej S.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Hunt, J. C. R.] UCL, Dept Space & Climate Phys & Earth Sci, London, England. [Grachev, A. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO USA. [Grachev, A. A.] A M Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Tomsk, Russia. [Esau, I. N.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Lalas, D. P.] Natl Observ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Akylas, E.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Athens, Greece. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA Environme Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fernando, H. J. S.] Arizona State Univ Tempe, Environm Fluid Dynam Program, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Zilitinkevich, SS (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Div Atmospher Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. EM Sergcj.Zilitinkevich@fmi.fi RI Akylas, Evangelos/E-4418-2016; OI Akylas, Evangelos/0000-0002-2731-657X; Zilitinkevich, Sergej/0000-0002-3909-5436 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-5875-2 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5877-6_15 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGF94 UT WOS:000246515500015 ER PT S AU Rice, JP Brown, SW Neira, JE Bousquet, RR AF Rice, Joseph P. Brown, Steven W. Neira, Jorge E. Bousquet, Robert R. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A hyperspectral image projector for hyperspectral imagers SO Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE digital micromirror device; hardware-in-the-loop; hyperspectral; image; imaging; multispectral; projector; remote sensing; spectroscopy; testing; video ID RADIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS; CALIBRATION AB We have developed and demonstrated a Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) intended for system-level validation testing of hyperspectral imagers, including the instrument and any associated spectral unmixing algorithms. HIP, based on the same digital micromirror arrays used in commercial digital light processing (DLP*) displays, is capable of projecting any combination of many different arbitrarily programmable basis spectra into each image pixel at up to video frame rates. We use a scheme whereby one micromirror array is used to produce light having the spectra of endmembers (i.e. vegetation, water, minerals, etc.), and a second micromirror array, optically in series with the first, projects any combination of these arbitrarily-programmable spectra into the pixels of a 1024 x 768 element spatial image, thereby producing temporally-integrated images having spectrally mixed pixels. HIP goes beyond conventional DLP projectors in that each spatial pixel can have an arbitrary spectrum, not just arbitrary color. As such, the resulting spectral and spatial content of the projected image can simulate realistic scenes that a hyperspectral imager will measure during its use. Also, the spectral radiance of the projected scenes can be measured with a calibrated spectroradiometer, such that the spectral radiance projected into each pixel of the hyperspectral imager can be accurately known. Use of such projected scenes in a controlled laboratory setting would alleviate expensive field testing of instruments, allow better separation of environmental effects from instrument effects, and enable system-level performance testing and validation of hyperspectral imagers as used with analysis algorithms. For example, known mixtures of relevant endmember spectra could be projected into arbitrary spatial pixels in a hyperspectral imager, enabling tests of how well a full system, consisting of the instrument + calibration + analysis algorithm, performs in unmixing (i.e. de-convolving) the spectra in all pixels. We discuss here the performance of a visible prototype HIP. The technology is readily extendable to the ultraviolet and infrared spectral ranges, and the scenes can be static or dynamic. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6687-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6565 BP U104 EP U115 DI 10.1117/12.717657 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGO62 UT WOS:000249044300010 ER PT J AU Miller, TE Burns, JH Munguia, P Walters, EL Kneitel, JM Richards, PM Mouquet, N Buckley, HL AF Miller, T. E. Burns, J. H. Munguia, P. Walters, E. L. Kneitel, J. M. Richards, P. M. Mouquet, N. Buckley, H. L. TI Evaluating support for the resource-ratio hypothesis: A reply to Wilson et al. SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE competition; species interactions; literature survey; consumer-resource theory; R* ID EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Environm Studies Program, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Biol Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, UMR 5554, Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect & Ecol Div, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Miller, TE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM miller@bio.fsu.edu RI Walters, Eric/C-1685-2008; Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012; OI Walters, Eric/0000-0002-9414-5758; Munguia, Pablo/0000-0002-9900-2123 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PY 2007 VL 169 IS 5 BP 707 EP 708 DI 10.1086/513110 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 162QZ UT WOS:000246105600017 PM 17427141 ER PT J AU Shackman, JG Munson, MS Ross, D AF Shackman, Jonathan G. Munson, Matthew S. Ross, David TI Temperature gradient focusing for microchannel separations SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENT; PROTEIN SEPARATION C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 387 IS 1 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s00216-006-0913-4 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 118UN UT WOS:000242968000030 PM 17102967 ER PT J AU Dinca, M Han, WS Liu, Y Dailly, A Brown, CM Long, JR AF Dinca, Mircea Han, Won Seok Liu, Yun Dailly, Anne Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Observation of Cu2+-H-2 interactions in a fully desolvated sodalite-type metal-organic framework SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE copper; hydrogen; metal-organic frameworks; microporous materials; neutron diffraction ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; COORDINATION POLYMER; GAS-ADSORPTION; H-2; SITES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. GM Corp, Chem & Environm Sci Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Purdue Univ, Coll Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Dinca, Mircea/C-1345-2008; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 24 TC 306 Z9 307 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1419 EP 1422 DI 10.1002/anie.200604362 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 140LQ UT WOS:000244507100007 PM 17387653 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O Jarvis, EAA Allison, TC AF Coskuner, Orkid Jarvis, Emily A. A. Allison, Thomas C. TI Water dissociation in the presence of metal ions SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; metal ions; molecular dynamics; proton transfer; water chemistry ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIQUID WATER; TRANSPORT; PROTON; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION; SOLVATION; HYDROXIDE; MECHANISM C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coskuner, O (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Synchroton Radiat Lab, Palo Alto, CA USA. EM orkid.coskuner@nist.gov RI Coskuner, Orkid/O-5376-2016 OI Coskuner, Orkid/0000-0002-0772-9350 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2007 VL 46 IS 41 BP 7853 EP 7855 DI 10.1002/anie.200701617 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 223GQ UT WOS:000250358300027 PM 17803253 ER PT J AU Kobylko, M Bonnot, AM Walker, ARH Richard, A Kociak, M Debarre, A AF Kobylko, M. Bonnot, A. -M. Walker, A. R. Hight Richard, A. Kociak, M. Debarre, A. TI Towards correlating Raman excitation profile and electron diffraction of the same single carbon nanotube SO ANNALES DE PHYSIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Colloquium on Lasers and Quantum Optics (COLOQ 10) CY JUL 02-05, 2007 CL Grenoble, FRANCE AB We present the first results of a study combining electron diffraction analysis and Raman resonance excitation pro. le on the identical, suspended single wall carbon nanotube. Both methods give access to the diameter of the tube, which allows cross-checking. The characterization of the tube is completed by the determination of the transition energy E(ii), and the chirality, allowing a precise comparison with theoretical models. C1 [Kobylko, M.; Kociak, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bonnot, A. -M.] CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richard, A.; Debarre, A.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Kobylko, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Phys Solides Lab, Batiment 510, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM anne.debarre@lac.u-psud.fr RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0003-4169 J9 ANN PHYS-PARIS JI Ann. Phys.-Paris PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1051/anphys:2008025 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 305BV UT WOS:000256153700026 ER PT J AU Ge, Z Liu, PC AF Ge, Z. Liu, P. C. TI A time-localized response of wave growth process under turbulent winds SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; ocean-atmosphere interactions; oceanography : physical; air-sea interactions; surface waves and tides ID LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER; GRAVITY-WAVES; WATER-WAVES; AIR-FLOW; SPECTRUM AB Very short time series (with lengths of approximately 40s or 5 similar to 7 wave periods) of wind velocity fluctuations and wave elevation were recorded simultaneously and investigated using the wavelet bispectral analysis. Rapid changes in the wave and wind spectra were detected, which were found to be intimately related to significant energy transfers through transient quadratic wind-wave and wave-wave interactions. A possible pattern of energy exchange between the wind and wave fields was further deduced. In particular, the generation and variation of the strong wave-induced perturbation velocity in the wind can be explained by the strengthening and diminishing of the associated quadratic interactions, which cannot be unveiled by linear theories. On small time scales, the wave-wave quadratic interactions were as active and effective in transferring energy as the wind-wave interactions. The results also showed that the wind turbulence was occasionally effective in transferring energy between the wind and the wave fields, so that the background turbulence in the wind cannot be completely neglected. Although these effects are all possibly significant over short times. the time-localized growth of the wave spectrum may not considerably affect the long-term process of wave development. C1 US EPA, Natl Res Council, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Res Council, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ge.zhongfu@epa.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1253 EP 1262 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195IU UT WOS:000248406700003 ER PT J AU Tadokoro, H Tsuchiya, F Miyoshi, Y Misawa, H Morioka, A Evans, DS AF Tadokoro, H. Tsuchiya, F. Miyoshi, Y. Misawa, H. Morioka, A. Evans, D. S. TI Electron flux enhancement in the inner radiation belt during moderate magnetic storms SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, precipitating; energetic particles, trapped; storms and substorms ID DIFFUSION; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; INJECTION AB During moderate magnetic storms, an electron channel (300-1100 keV) of the NOAA satellite has shown sudden electron flux enhancements in the inner radiation belt. After examinating the possibility of contamination by different energetic particles, we conclude that these electron flux enhancements are reliable enough to be considered as natural phenomena. at least for the cases of small to moderate magnetic storms. Here, we define small and moderate storms to be those in which the minimum D-st ranges between -30 and -100 nT. The electron flux enhancements appear with over one order of magnitude at L similar to 2 during these storms. The enhancement is not accompanied by any transport of electron flux from the outer belt. Statistical analysis shows that these phenomena have a duration of approximately 1 day during the period, starting with the main phase to the early recovery phase of the storms. The flux enhancement shows a dawn-dusk asymmetry; the amount of increased flux is larger in the dusk side. We suggest that this phenomenon could not be caused by the radial diffusion but would be due to pitch-angle scattering at the magnetic equator. The inner belt is not in a stationary state, as was previously believed, but is variable in response to the magnetic activity. C1 Tohoku Univ, Planetary Plasma & Atmospher Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tadokoro, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Planetary Plasma & Atmospher Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM syougun@pparc.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015 OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1359 EP 1364 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195IU UT WOS:000248406700012 ER PT J AU Jiang, JM Gu, XQ Ju, JH AF Jiang, Jianmin Gu, Xiangqian Ju, Jianhua TI Significant changes in subseries means and variances in an 8000-year precipitation reconstruction from tree rings in the southwestern USA SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; time variations secular and long term; meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; precipitation; general or miscellaneous; techniques applicable in three or more fields ID NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; HOLOCENE; CLIMATE; BASIN; TIME; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA; DROUGHTS; RECORD AB Both algorithms were applied to an 8000-year long time series of annual precipitation that was reconstructed from tree rings in the southwestern USA. One of the algorithms is the scanning t-test, which detects significant changes in subseries means (the first center moments) on various time scales. Another is the scanning F-test, which detects significant changes in subseries variances (the second center moments) on multi-time scales. Firstly, the scanning t-test identified 22 change points in subseries means and partitioned the series into 23 relatively wet, normal or dry episodes. Secondly, the scanning F-test detected 15 change points in subseries variances and divided 16 phases in comparatively steady (with smaller variance) or unsteady (with larger variance) features. Thirdly, the 23 wetness-episodes were characterized as the steady or unsteady situations by jointing the results from the scanning F-test into those from the t-test. Fourthly, the 23 episodes were compared to those in the TIC and 8180 records from cored sediments in the deep basin of the Pyramid Lake in Nevada by using a coherency analysis of the t-test between the precipitation reconstruction and the TIC or 8180 series. Fifthly, the 23 episodes were collaborated with some published papers in related studies. In addition, the 23 episodes were also compared with studies of the global climate change and with documents of climate changes in China during the same periods. As the TIC and 8180 record series are high resolution with unequal sampling intervals between 3 and 14 years, an algorithm in the scanning t-test for dealing with the unequal time intervals was developed in this study. C1 Training Ctr China Meteorol Administ, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, JM (reprint author), Training Ctr China Meteorol Administ, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM jiangjm93950@yahoo.com NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1519 EP 1530 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210VP UT WOS:000249484000007 ER PT J AU Sarris, TE Loto'aniu, TM Li, X Singer, HJ AF Sarris, T. E. Loto'aniu, T. M. Li, X. Singer, H. J. TI Observations at geosynchronous orbit of a persistent Pc5 geomagnetic pulsation and energetic electron flux modulations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; energetic particles trapped; Space plasma physics; wave-particle interactions; waves and instabilities ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; DRIFT MIRROR INSTABILITY; ALFVEN-BALLOONING MODES; ULF WAVES; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; LOW-LATITUDE; PC-5 WAVES AB A long lasting narrow-band (4-7 mHz) Pc5 fluctuation event at geosynchronous orbit is presented through measurements from GOES-8 and GOES-10 and the response of energetic electrons with drift frequencies close to the narrow-band pulsation frequency is monitored through a spectral analysis of flux data from the LANL-SOPA energetic electron instrument. This analysis shows electron flux modulations at the magnetospheric pulsation's frequency as well as at various other frequencies in the Pc5 range, related to the particles' drift-frequencies and their harmonics. A drift resonance effect can be seen, with electron flux modulation becoming more evident in the energy channels of electrons with drift frequencies closer to the wave frequency; however no net increase or decrease in energetic electron flux is observed, indicating that the net energy transfer and transport of electrons is not significant. This Pc5 event has a long duration, being observed for more than a couple of days at geosynchronous orbit over several traversals of the two GOES satellites, and is localized in azimuthal extent. Spectral analysis shows that most of the power is in the transverse components. The frequency of the narrow-band event, as observed at geosynchronous orbit shifts during the time of the event from 7 +/- 0.5 mHz to about 4 +/- 0.5 mHz. On the ground, CARISMA magnetometers record no distinct narrow-band fluctuation in the magnetic field, and neither does Geotail, which is traversing the outer magnetosphere a few R-E further out from geosynchronous orbit, at the same UT and LT that GOES-8 and -10 observe the pulsations, suggesting that that there is no connection to external fluctuations originating in the solar wind. An internal generation mechanism is suggested, such as could be provided by energetic ring current particles, even though conclusive evidence could not be provided for this particular event. Through a statistical study, it is found that this event belongs to a class of similar events, occurring predominantly in the post-noon region in the inner magnetosphere. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Democritus Univ Thrace, GR-67100 Xanthi, Greece. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sarris, TE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM theodore.sarris@lasp.colorado.edu NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1653 EP 1667 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210VP UT WOS:000249484000016 ER PT J AU Menvielle, M Lathuillere, C Bruinsma, S Viereck, R AF Menvielle, M. Lathuillere, C. Bruinsma, S. Viereck, R. TI A new method for studying the thermospheric density variability derived from CHAMP/STAR accelerometer data for magnetically active conditions SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; solar wind magnetosphere interactions; atmospheric composition and structure; pressure; density; and temperature; instruments; and techniques ID MGII INDEX; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB Thermospheric densities deduced from STAR accelerometer measurements onboard the CHAMP satellite are used to characterize the thermosphere and its response to space weather events. The STAR thermospheric density estimates are analysed using a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach allowing one to decouple large scale spatial and temporal variations from fast and local transients. Because SVD achieves such decomposition by using the reproducibility of orbital variations, it provides more meaningful results than any method based upon data smoothing or filtering. SVD analysis enables us to propose a new thermosphere proxy, based on the projection coefficient of the CHAMP densities on the first singular vector. The large scale spatial variations in the density, mostly related to altitude/latitude variations are captured by the first singular vector; time variations are captured by the associated projection coefficient. The study presented here is focused on time dependent global scale variations in the thermospheric density between 50 N and 50 S geographic latitudes. We show that the time variations in the projection coefficient do in fact represent those in the global density that are associated with magnetic activity as well as with solar EUV radiations. We also show that the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model better accounts for the density forcing by Solar radiations when tuned using Mg II indices. Using the so modified model with an additional geomagnetic parameterization corresponding to quiet geomagnetic situation enables one to define time reference values which are then used to evaluate the impact of geomagnetic activity. The ratio of CHAMP density projection coefficient to the quiet model projection coefficient is a global quantity, independent of altitude and latitude, which quantifies the thermospheric density response to auroral energy deposition. It will serve as a proxy of the response of thermospheric density to geomagnetic activity forcing. C1 Univ Versailles St Quentin, Ctr Etudes Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CNRS, IPSL,UMR 8639, F-94107 St Maur, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. UJF, CNRS, Lab Planetol Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNES, Dept Terr & Planetary Geodesy, F-31041 Toulouse 4, France. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Menvielle, M (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Ctr Etudes Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CNRS, IPSL,UMR 8639, F-94107 St Maur, France. EM michel.menvielle@cetp.ipsl.fr NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1949 EP 1958 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230SG UT WOS:000250895600003 ER PT S AU Duong, TH Berning, DW Hefner, AR Smedley, KA AF Duong, Tam H. Berning, David W. Hefner, A. R., Jr. Smedley, Keyue A. GP IEEE TI Long-term stability test system for high-voltage, high-frequency SIC poweir devices SO APEC 2007: TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2007) CY FEB 25-MAR 01, 2007 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper presents a test system developed for long-term stability characterization of 10 kV Silicon Carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs and SiC diodes under 20 kHz hard switching conditions. The system is designed to test a single power switch and a single power diode for continuous or burst switching conditions up to 5 kV and 5 A. The test system includes a 4.5 kV to 5 kV boost converter to emulate a 22.5 kW hard switching power converter. An additional DC-DC converter is used to recover the power processed by the boost converter. The design criteria, simulation, and construction of the test system are discussed in this paper and the system operation is demonstrated using various high voltage devices including 4.5 kV Silicon IGBTs, 10-kV SiC MOSFETs and 15 kV stacked silicon diodes. C1 [Duong, Tam H.; Smedley, Keyue A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Duong, Tam H.; Berning, David W.; Hefner, A. R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duong, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. FU Sharon Beermann-Curtin FX The work was supported in part by the DARPA WBST HPE Phase 2 program sponsored by Sharon Beermann-Curtin. The authors also wish to acknowledge Jay Huang, a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) student or his efforts in helping to develop the control and monitoring software for the test system. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-0713-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2007 BP 1240 EP + DI 10.1109/APEX.2007.357673 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGE88 UT WOS:000246361100185 ER PT J AU Shaw, PS Arp, U Saunders, RD Shin, DJ Yoon, HW Gibson, CE Li, ZG Parr, AC Lykke, KR AF Shaw, Ping-Shine Arp, Uwe Saunders, Robert D. Shin, Dong-Joo Yoon, Howard W. Gibson, Charles E. Li, Zhigang Parr, Albert C. Lykke, Keith R. TI Synchrotron radiation-based irradiance calibration from 200 to 400 nm at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility III SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; BLACKBODY RADIATION; HYDROGEN ARCS; STORAGE-RING; SURF-III; X-RAY; STANDARD; RADIOMETRY; RADIANCE AB A new facility for measuring irradiance in the UV was commissioned recently at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The facility uses the calculable radiation from the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility as the primary standard. To measure the irradiance from a source under test, an integrating sphere spectrometer-detector system measures both the source under test and the synchrotron radiation sequentially, and the irradiance from the source under test can be determined. In particular, we discuss the calibration of deuterium lamps using this facility from 200 to 400 run. This facility improves the current NIST UV irradiance scale to a relative measurement uncertainty of 1.2% (k = 2). (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Shaw, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw@nist.gov RI Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1364/AO.46.000025 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 121VG UT WOS:000243184500003 PM 17167550 ER PT J AU McFerran, JJ Swann, WC Washburn, BR Newbury, NR AF McFerran, J. J. Swann, W. C. Washburn, B. R. Newbury, N. R. TI Suppression of pump-induced frequency noise in fiber-laser frequency combs leading to sub-radian f (ceo) phase excursions SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; ENVELOPE-OFFSET FREQUENCY; GENERATION; SYSTEM; OUTPUT; PULSES; JITTER AB We discuss the origins and the suppression of the large frequency jitter on the carrier-envelope offset frequency (f(ceo)) of fiber-laser frequency combs. While this frequency noise appears most prominently on f(ceo), its effects are felt across the frequency comb and it is a potential limiting factor in applications of fiber-laser frequency combs. Here we show that its origin lies in the white amplitude noise of the pump laser output. We dramatically reduce this noise by operating the pump laser in a lower-noise state, i.e. at higher pump current, and by more aggressively feeding back to the pump current with an optimal feedback network. We demonstrate instrument-limited f(ceo) linewidths and an integrated f(ceo) phase jitter of 1 rad. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McFerran, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway,MS 815-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jmcferran@physics.uwa.edu.au RI McFerran, John/B-7445-2011; Washburn, Brian/A-1308-2013; OI McFerran, John/0000-0002-8662-0467; Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 30 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2426-4 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 123UI UT WOS:000243321100006 ER PT J AU Levine, LE Long, GG Ilavsky, J Gerhardt, RA Ou, R Parker, CA AF Levine, L. E. Long, G. G. Ilavsky, J. Gerhardt, R. A. Ou, R. Parker, C. A. TI Self-assembly of carbon black into nanowires that form a conductive three dimensional micronetwork SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; DEPENDENCE AB The authors have used mechanical self-assembly of carbon-black nanoparticles to fabricate a three dimensional, electrically connected micronetwork of nanowires embedded within an insulating, supporting matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate). The electrical connectivity, mean wire diameter, and morphological transitions were characterized as a function of the carbon-black mass fraction. Conductive wires were produced with mean diameters as low as 24 nm with lengths up to 100 mu m. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Levine, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lyle.levine@nist.gov RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Gerhardt, Rosario/D-6573-2012; OI Gerhardt, Rosario/0000-0001-8774-0842; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 014101 DI 10.1063/1.2425011 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900110 ER PT J AU Lucas, LA DeLongchamp, DM Vogel, BM Lin, EK Fasolka, MJ Fischer, DA McCulloch, I Heeney, M Jabbour, GE AF Lucas, Leah A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Vogel, Brandon M. Lin, Eric K. Fasolka, Michael J. Fischer, Daniel A. McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin Jabbour, Ghassan E. TI Combinatorial screening of the effect of temperature on the microstructure and mobility of a high performance polythiophene semiconductor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ALIGNMENT; POLYMERS AB Using a gradient combinatorial approach, the authors report the effects of temperature on the microstructure and hole mobility of poly(2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) thin films for application in organic field-effect transistors. The gradient heating revealed a detailed dependence on thermal history. Optimal heat treatment achieved mobilities as high as 0.3 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Mobility enhancement coincides with an increase in crystal domain size and orientation, all of which occur abruptly at a temperature closely corresponding to a bulk liquid crystal phase transition. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Merck Chem, Southampton S016 7QD, Hants, England. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; jabbour@asu.edu RI Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Vogel, Brandon/0000-0002-7370-9577 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 012112 DI 10.1063/1.2404934 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900048 ER PT J AU Mateu, J Booth, JC Moeckly, BH AF Mateu, Jordi Booth, James C. Moeckly, Brian H. TI Frequency dependence of the nonlinear response in YBa2Cu3O7-x transmission lines SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERMODULATION AB The authors evaluate the frequency dependence of the nonlinear response in high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films by simultaneously measuring the nonlinear intermodulation products and harmonic generation in broadband superconducting transmission lines at 76 K. The frequencies of the two-tone incident signal are set to produce spurious signals from 1 to 21 GHz. They extract a nonlinear term parallel to Delta R-2+j omega Delta L-2 parallel to by applying a model of spurious signal generation in superconducting transmission lines to their measurement results. They found that this nonlinear term follows a linear dependence on frequency, indicating a dominant contribution of the nonlinear inductance Delta L-2 over the nonlinear resistance Delta R-2, (omega Delta L-2 >Delta R-2), for the superconducting nonlinear response. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Mateu, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jmateu@tsc.upc.edu RI mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 AR 012512 DI 10.1063/1.2430286 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 124OZ UT WOS:000243379900068 ER PT S AU Nosonovsky, M Bhushan, B AF Nosonovsky, Michael Bhushan, Bharat BE Bhushan, B Fuchs, H TI Lotus Effect: Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity SO APPLIED SCANNING PROBE METHODS VII: BIOMIMETICS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTACT ANGLES; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; FRICTION PROPERTIES; LEAF SURFACES; WATER; SCALE; MODEL; HYSTERESIS; DROPLETS; ADHESION C1 [Nosonovsky, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bhushan, Bharat] Ohio State Univ, MEMS NEMS NLIM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nosonovsky, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Nanomech Properties Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.nosonovsky@nist.gov; bhushan.2@osu.edu; bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013 OI Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-37320-9 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2007 BP 1 EP 40 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-37321-6_1 D2 10.1007/11785705 PG 40 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJP05 UT WOS:000266937300001 ER PT J AU Hard, JJ Elliott, DG Pascho, RJ Chase, DM Park, LK Winton, JR Campton, DE AF Hard, J. J. Elliott, D. G. Pascho, R. J. Chase, D. M. Park, L. K. Winton, J. R. Campton, D. E. TI Potential trade-offs in resistance of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawyacha) to two bacterial pathogens resulting from selection of broodstock based on antigen level SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Hard, J. J.; Park, L. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Elliott, D. G.; Pascho, R. J.; Chase, D. M.; Winton, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Campton, D. E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S267 EP S267 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.084 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500094 ER PT J AU Oxman, DS Smoker, WW Hagen, P Gharrett, AJ AF Oxman, D. S. Smoker, W. W. Hagen, P. Gharrett, A. J. TI Genetic, environmental and outbreeding effects on development rate and otolith formation in pink salmon from Auke Creek, Juneau, Alaska SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Inst Francais Rech Exploitat Mer, Inst Natl Rech Agron, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Argon Dev, CNRS, Syndicat Select Avicoles Aquacoles Francais C1 [Oxman, D. S.; Smoker, W. W.; Gharrett, A. J.] Univ Alaska, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hagen, P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PY 2007 VL 272 SU 1 BP S298 EP S298 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.156 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 247MJ UT WOS:000252083500166 ER PT J AU Kelly, N Metaxas, A Butterfield, D AF Kelly, Noreen Metaxas, Anna Butterfield, David TI Spatial and temporal patterns of colonization by deep-sea hydrothermal vent invertebrates on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, NE Pacific SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colonization; settlement; hydrothermal vent; post-settlement mortality; gregarious settlement; temperature; dissolved sulphide; Juan de Fuca Ridge ID GALAPAGOS SPREADING CENTER; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; HABITAT SELECTION; LARVAL DISPERSAL; RISE; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; 9-DEGREES-50'N; COMMUNITIES AB This study quantifies patterns in settlement and colonization of hydrothermal vent invertebrates and explores relationships with the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence these patterns. Colonization was measured between 2001 and 2003 in 2 segments of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, by deploying sets of basalt blocks at vents with different flow characteristics, over different spatial (cm to 100 km) and temporal (1 to 2 yr) scales. Spatial variation in colonization was greater between vents within a segment (m to km scale) than between segments, which we suggest reflects a species-specific response to varying environmental conditions at a particular vent. For gastropods, gregarious settlement enhanced colonization, while post-settlement mortality influenced colonization patterns of polychaetes. In 2003, we characterized the spatial variability in environmental conditions among 3 vent sites, through discrete in situ measures of the temperature and chemical properties of venting fluid near basalt blocks. Most colonist and settler abundances were positively correlated with vent fluid properties, notably dissolved H2S and temperature. Our results suggest that the variation in settlement and colonization of hydrothermal vent species is mainly influenced by the properties of the vent fluid, but biological interactions can also have a significant influence on colonization processes. Our study is the first to experimentally quantify colonization by invertebrates at Juan de Fuca Ridge vent sites, and extends the understanding of the role of physical and biological factors in the regulation of early life-history stages. C1 [Kelly, Noreen; Metaxas, Anna] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Butterfield, David] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kelly, N (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM kellyn@dal.ca RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Kelly, Noreen/0000-0002-5432-5658 FU NSERC PGS D; Izaak Walton Killam Memorial; NSERC Discovery; the NOAA/PMEL Vents Program [3048]; the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean [1389] FX We thank the crews of the RV 'Thomas G. Thompson', CCGS John P. Tully, and ROPOS for their assistance during deployment and recovery of many sets of basalt blocks. We also thank chief scientists V. Tunnicliffe, K. Juniper, B. Embley, W. Chadwick, and J. Delaney for their patience and willingness to conduct these experiments during cruises with many time constraints. A. Bates, J. Csotonyi, A. Ortmann and G. Yahel helped with block recovery and provided moral support aboard ship. A. Waren provided valuable information oil gastropod identification. B. Schofield helped design and construct blocks and frames. Finally, we thank R, Scheibling and 3 anonymous reviewers for useful critical reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was Supported by a NSERC PGS D Scholarship and Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship to N.K., NSERC Discovery and CRO grants to A.M., the NOAA/PMEL Vents Program (PMEL contribution #3048), and by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO contribution #1389) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA117RJI232. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3354/ab00001 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 350GO UT WOS:000259340900002 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Hardison, R Kiene, RP Bucciarelli, E Harada, H AF Sunda, William G. Hardison, Rance Kiene, Ronald P. Bucciarelli, Eva Harada, Hyakubun TI The effect of nitrogen limitation on cellular DMSP and DMS release in marine phytoplankton: climate feedback implications SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMS(P) and Related Compounds CY MAY 02-06, 2006 CL Univ E Anglia, Norwich, ENGLAND HO Univ E Anglia DE dimethylsulfide; dimethylsulfoniopropionate; DMS; DMSP; phytoplankton; nitrogen limitation; nutrients; climate ID NORTHERN NORTH-SEA; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE DMSP; COASTAL DIATOM; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; LYASE ACTIVITY; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; BIOGENIC SULFUR; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GROWTH AB The effect of nitrogen limitation on intracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its enzymatic cleavage to dimethylsulfide (DMS) was investigated in semi-continuous cultures of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and the chain-forming coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum, both ecologically important species. The diatom had a DMSP/C molar ratio of 0.0020 (1% of cell carbon) under nutrient sufficient conditions, and increased its DMSP/C ratio by 70% under nitrogen limitation. The coccolithophore had a constitutively high intracellular DMSP concentration (similar to 200 mmol per liter of cell volume, an estimated 5% of cell carbon) and N-limitation of this species caused no measurable increase in DMSP. Instead, N-limitation of this species increased the activity of the DMSP cleavage enzyme, DMSP lyase, which resulted in a 20-fold increase in the moles of DMS in the culture per unit of cell volume and a 40- to 80-fold increase in the ratio of DMS to chl a. Our results and previously published findings suggest that N-limitation is likely a contributing factor to the extremely high DMS:chl a ratios observed in nutrient limited surface ocean waters under thermally stratified conditions. Thus, N-limitation may play a role in climate feedback mechanisms involving biologically derived DMS. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 32 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00027-007-0887-0 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 217KN UT WOS:000249946900006 ER PT B AU Garfin, G Crimmins, MA Jacobs, KL AF Garfin, Gregg Crimmins, Michael A. Jacobs, Katharine L. BE Colby, BG Jacobs, KL TI Drought, Climate Variability, and Implications for Water Supply and Management SO ARIZONA WATER POLICY: MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS IN AN URBANIZING, ARID REGION SE Issues in Water Resource Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC; COLORADO; PRECIPITATION; OSCILLATION; RESOURCES; MONSOON; USA C1 [Garfin, Gregg] NOAA, Funded Reg Ctr, Climate Assessment SW CLIMAS, Washington, DC USA. [Jacobs, Katharine L.] Arizona State Univ, Arizona Water Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Jacobs, Katharine L.] Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Sustainabil Arid Reg Hydrol, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Jacobs, Katharine L.] Univ Arizona, Riparian Areas, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Crimmins, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Garfin, G (reprint author), NOAA, Funded Reg Ctr, Climate Assessment SW CLIMAS, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1616 P STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-933115-34-4 J9 ISSUES WATER RESOURC PY 2007 BP 61 EP 78 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BKA58 UT WOS:000267591300005 ER PT S AU Emmerich, SJ McDowell, TP Anis, W AF Emmerich, Steven J. McDowell, Timothy P. Anis, Wagdy GP ASHRAE TI Simulation of the impact of commercial building envelope airtightness on building energy utilization SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2007 VOL 113, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB This paper presents a simulation study of the energy impact and cost-effectiveness of improving envelope airtightness in low-rise US commercial buildings. Despite common assumptions, measurements have shown that typical US commercial buildings are not particularly airtight. Past simulation studies have shown that commercial building envelope leakage can result in significant heating and cooling loads. To evaluate the potential energy savings and cost-effectiveness of an air barrier annual energy simulations and cost estimates were prepared for two nonresidential buildings (a two-story office building and, a one-story retail building) in five US cities. A coupled multizone airflow and building energy simulation tool was used to predict the energy use for the buildings at a target tightness level relative to a baseline level based on measurements in existing buildings. Predicted potential heating and cooling annual energy usage and cost savings ranged from 9% to 36% with the smallest savings occurring in the cooling-dominated climates of Phoenix and Miami. C1 [Emmerich, Steven J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2007 VL 113 BP 379 EP 399 PN 2 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BHH71 UT WOS:000253310400040 ER PT J AU Cho, KS Lee, J Moon, YJ Dryer, M Bong, SC Kim, YH Park, YD AF Cho, K. -S. Lee, J. Moon, Y. -J. Dryer, M. Bong, S. -C. Kim, Y. -H. Park, Y. D. TI A study of CME and type II shock kinematics based on coronal density measurement SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shock waves; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : radio radiation; Sun : corona; polarization; methods : observational ID SOLAR-FLARE WAVES; MASS EJECTION; ACTIVE REGIONS; RADIO-BURSTS; ORIGIN; MULTIWAVELENGTH; TRANSIENTS; SIGNATURES; EVENTS AB Aims. The aim of this paper is to determine location and speed of a coronal shock from a type II burst spectrum without relying on any coronal density model, and to use the result to discuss the relationship between the type II burst and Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). Methods. This study is made for the 2004 August 18 solar eruption observed by Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer (GBSRBS) and a limb CME/streamer simultaneously detected by Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) MK4 coronameter. We determine the background density distribution over the area of interest by inverting the MLSO MK4 polarization map taken just before the CME onset. Using the two-dimensional density distribution and the type II emission frequencies, we calculate the type II shock heights along several radial directions selected to encompass the entire position angles of the CME. We then compare these emission heights with those of the CME to determine at which position angle the type II burst propagated. Along the most plausible position angle, we finally determine the height and speed of the shock as functions of time. Results. It turns out that the type II emission height calculated along a southern streamer best agrees to the observed height of the CME flank. Along this region, both the shock and CME moved at a speed ranging from 800 to 600 km s(-1). We also found that the streamer boundary already had enhanced density compared to other parts before the CME and formed a low Alfvenic region. Conclusions. We therefore conclude that the type II burst was generated at the interface of the CME flank and the streamer, as favorable for the shock formation. C1 Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Solar Terr Res, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Cho, KS (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM kscho@kasi.re.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013 NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 461 IS 3 BP 1121 EP 1125 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20064920 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126VI UT WOS:000243543200032 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Gagne, M Mytyk, A McCaughrean, M Andersen, M AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Gagne, Marc Mytyk, Anna McCaughrean, Mark Andersen, Morten TI Chandra observations of the Eagle Nebula. I. Embedded young stellar objects near the Pillars of Creation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (HH 216); open clusters and associations : individual ( Eagle Nebula, M16, NGC 6611); stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : early-type; stars : pre-main-sequence; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ORION ULTRADEEP PROJECT; CLUSTER NGC 6611; STAR-FORMATION; PROTOSTELLAR JET; SOLAR-SYSTEM; ABSORPTION; DISCOVERY; CLOUD; REGION AB We present and analyze the first high-resolution X-ray images ever obtained of the Eagle Nebula star-forming region. On 2001 July 30 the Chandra X-Ray Observatory obtained a 78 ks image of the Eagle Nebula (M16) that includes the core of the young galactic cluster NGC 6611 and the dark columns of dust and cold molecular gas in M16 known as the "Pillars of Creation.'' We find a total of 1101 X-ray sources in the 17' x 17' ACIS-I field of view. Most of the X-ray sources are low-mass pre-main-sequence or high-mass main-sequence stars in this young cluster. A handful of hard X-ray sources in the pillars are spatially coincident with deeply embedded young stellar objects seen in high-resolution near-infrared images recently obtained with the VLT (McCaughrean & Andersen). In this paper, we focus on the 40 X-ray sources in and around pillars 1-4 at the heart of the Eagle Nebula. None of the X-ray sources are associated with the evaporating gaseous globules ( EGGs) first observed by Hester and coworkers) in HST WFPC2 images of M16, implying either that the EGGs do not contain protostars or that the protostars have not yet become X-ray active. Eight X-ray counts are coincident with the Herbig-Haro object HH 216, implying log L-X approximate to 30.0. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Geol & Astron, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; mgagne@wcupa.edu RI Gagne, Marc/C-1130-2013 NR 60 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 1 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1086/508763 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 122JI UT WOS:000243221800024 ER PT S AU Goldberg, MD AF Goldberg, Mitchell D. BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Huang, AH Ardanuy, PE TI Global space-based inter-calibration system (GSICS) - art. no. 668402 SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION III: READINESS FOR GEOSS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Enviromental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization III: Readiness for GEOSS CY AUG 17-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; satellite; remote sensing; satellite intercalibration AB The GSICS is a new program within the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Space Programme and is coordinated by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR. The overarching objective of GSICS is to improve the calibration and characterization of space-based measurements through satellite intercalibration of the international satellite observing system. The GSICS program currently includes participation from the United States (NOAA, NASA, NIST), Europe (CNES/France, EUMETSAT), China (CMA), Japan (JMA) and Korea (KMA). These agencies have agreed to take steps to ensure better comparability of satellite measurements made by different instruments and to tie these measurements to absolute standards. The direct benefit of improved satellite observations will be improved weather and climate assessments and predictions. Satellite intercalibration is vital for reducing measurement uncertainty and to optimally integrate data from different observing systems to support the GEO nine societal benefits. The GSICS activities are currently focused on the intercalibration of operational satellites from United States, Europe, China, Japan and Korea. C1 [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr SaTellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Goldberg, MD (reprint author), NESDIS ORA, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 712, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6832-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6684 BP 68402 EP 68402 DI 10.1117/12.735246 PG 4 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ32 UT WOS:000251483900001 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Wu, XQ Wu, AS Xiong, XX AF Cao, Changyong Wu, Xiangqian Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Huang, AH Ardanuy, PE TI Improving the SNO calibration accuracy for the reflective solar bands of AVHRR and MODIS - art. no. 668408 SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION III: READINESS FOR GEOSS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Enviromental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization III: Readiness for GEOSS CY AUG 17-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AVHRR; MODIS; SNO time series; calibration; uncertainties ID CHANNELS AB Analyses of a 4.5 year SNO (Simultaneous Nadir Overpass) time series between AVHRR on NOAA-16 and -17 suggest that the AVHRR observations based on operational vicarious calibration have become very consistent since mid 2004. This study also suggests that the SNO method has reached a high level of relative accuracy (similar to 1.5%, 1 sigma) for both the 0.63 and 0.84 um bands, which outperforms many other vicarious methods for satellite radiometer calibration. Meanwhile, for AVHRR and MODIS, a 3.5 year SNO time series suggests that the SNO method has achieved a 0.9% relative accuracy (I sigma) for the 0.63 um band, while the relative accuracy for the 0.84 um band is on the order of 5% and significantly affected by the spectral response differences between AVHRR and MODIS. Although the AVHRR observations from NOAA-16 and -17 agree well, they significantly disagree with MODIS observations according to the SNO time series. A 9% difference was found for the 0.63 um band (estimated uncertainty of 0.9%, 1 sigma), and the difference is even larger if the spectral response differences are taken into account. Similar bias for the 0.84 um band is also found with a larger uncertainty due to major differences in the spectral response functions between MODIS and AVHRR. It is expected that further studies with Hyperion observations at the SNOs would help us estimate the biases and uncertainty due to spectral differences between AVHRR and MODIS. It is expected that in the near future, the calibration of the AVHRR type of instruments can be made consistent through rigorous cross-calibration using the SNO method. These efforts will contribute to the generation of fundamental climate data records (FCDRs) from the nearly 30 years of AVHRR data for a variety of geophysical products including aerosol, vegetation, and surface albedo, in support of global climate change detection studies. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6832-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6684 BP 68408 EP 68408 DI 10.1117/12.735132 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ32 UT WOS:000251483900007 ER PT S AU Wu, XQ Goldberg, M AF Wu, Xiangqian Goldberg, Mitch BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Huang, AH Ardanuy, PE TI Global space-based inter-calibration system (GSICS) - A status report - art. no. 66840A SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION III: READINESS FOR GEOSS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Enviromental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization III: Readiness for GEOSS CY AUG 17-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE inter-calibration; GSICS; GEOSS; geostationary satellite; hyperspectral sensor ID SATELLITES; CHANNELS AB The Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) is an international collaboration to build an operational system for the inter-calibration of a variety of meteorological satellite instruments. GSICS is a critical thread that links individual observation systems for integration into the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). This paper reviews the four categories of satellite instrument inter-calibration, reports on recent progress and current status of GSICS, and presents preliminary results from a prototype system. C1 [Wu, Xiangqian; Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR Formally ORA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR Formally ORA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6832-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6684 BP A6840 EP A6840 DI 10.1117/12.734127 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ32 UT WOS:000251483900009 ER PT S AU Bustamante, M Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Bustamante, Miguel Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred Ahmed, Sam BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Huang, AH Ardanuy, PE TI Improved processing of multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer network for distributed monitoring - art. no. 66841E SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION III: READINESS FOR GEOSS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Enviromental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization III: Readiness for GEOSS CY AUG 17-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE aerosol optical depth; MFRSR; CIMEL ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; TRACE GASES; DUST; RETRIEVAL; SUN; INSTRUMENT; ALGORITHM; AERONET AB In this presentation, we report on the development and data analysis of a regional Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer Network for real-time monitoring of the atmosphere aerosols in support of long term and satellite validation measurements. The conventional radiometer calibration approach is to perform a Langley regression which requires a stable aerosol optical depth. The use of Langley regressions assumptions results in errors ranging from 30% to 50% in optical depth and requires numerous recalibrations for instrument drift. To improve on this approach, we have implemented a novel algorithm based on the ratio between the direct and diffuse radiance developed at NASA GISS [1, 2, 3] in which only the optical depth ratios during the calibration procedure are required to be stable. In particular, we show that this approach significantly improve optical depth time series measurements when compared to AERONET CIMEL. This improvement is traced to a statistical analysis which shows that the normalized optical depth variability is approximately three times larger than the optical depth ratio variability. Time series data analysis of retrieved total AOD's (fine and coarse) and angstrom coefficients from distributed sites are also presented and compared to CIMEL AOD's products. C1 [Bustamante, Miguel; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred; Ahmed, Sam] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Bustamante, M (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, Steinman Hall T-553, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6832-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6684 BP E6841 EP E6841 DI 10.1117/12.734623 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ32 UT WOS:000251483900041 ER PT S AU Jones, DR Howard, TG AF Jones, Deirdre R. Howard, Timothy G. BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Huang, AH Ardanuy, PE TI Sensor networks & netcentric perspectives of civil government SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION III: READINESS FOR GEOSS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Enviromental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization III: Readiness for GEOSS CY AUG 17-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE enterprise archictecture; GEO-IDE; IOOS; IPv6; NOAA; netcentric; system of systems ID CLIMATE AB Observations of weather and climate yield demonstrated societal benefits, and have been officially part of U.S. government activities since Jefferson. Observing sensor networks contribute to real-time warnings of extreme weather, and to long-term analysis of endemic disease. To learn more about netcentric technologies and their role in observing sensor networks, the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) organized a seminar that examined System-of-Systems (SOS), Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) concepts, using two NOAA programs, the Global Earth Observation Integrated Data Environment (GEO-IDE) and the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), as examples. Further analysis of the seminar material shows the interrelationship of SOS and EA, with the enabling capability of IPv6 and the framework of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), can help NOAA organize sensor systems-of-systems on a global scale in support of the Global Earth Observing System-of-Systems (GEOSS). C1 [Jones, Deirdre R.; Howard, Timothy G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Syst Engn Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Syst Engn Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6832-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6684 AR 668412 DI 10.1117/12.741024 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ32 UT WOS:000251483900031 ER PT S AU Zou, CZ Gao, M AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi Gao, Mei BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Huang, AH Ardanuy, PE TI A 20-year MSU dataset for atmospheric temperature change studies SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION III: READINESS FOR GEOSS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Enviromental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization III: Readiness for GEOSS CY AUG 17-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MSU dataset; MSU atmospheric temperature trend; satellite intercalibration; simultaneous nadir overpasses; satellite merging; warm target contamination AB The Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites were designed to measure the atmospheric temperature from the surface to the lower stratosphere under all weather conditions, excluding precipitation. Although the instrumental design and calibration were made primarily for monitoring the atmospheric weather processes, the MSU observations have been extensively used for detecting climate trend. However, calibration errors have been a major uncertainty in climate trend detections.. In order for the MSU data to be of high quality for climate trend and variability research, we have recently recalibrated the MSU satellites NOAA 10, 11, 12, and 14 using simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) method. The calibration results in a well-merged 20-year radiance dataset for the MSU channels 2, 3, and 4. Limb-correction is applied to adjust the incident angles of the footprints. The limb-corrected radiances are further binned into 2.5(0) longitude by 2.5(0) latitude grids to generate deep-layer temperature datasets for the mid-troposphere (T-2) tropopause (T-3) and lower-stratosphere (T-4). The global ocean averaged trends for the recalibrated T-2, T-3, and T-4 are respectively 0.234 +/- 0.071 K/decade, 0.079 +/- 0.085 K/decade, and -0.414 +/- 0.287 K/decade for the 20-year time period from 1987 to 2006. Both the recalibrated radiance and deep-layer temperature datasets are freely available through the NESDIS/STAR website http://www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/mscat/mscatmain.htm. C1 [Zou, Cheng-Zhi; Gao, Mei] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6832-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6684 AR 668403 DI 10.1117/12.734113 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGZ32 UT WOS:000251483900002 ER PT J AU Austin, J Hood, LL Soukharev, BE AF Austin, J. Hood, L. L. Soukharev, B. E. TI Solar cycle variations of stratospheric ozone and temperature in simulations of a coupled chemistry-climate model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; ULTRAVIOLET VARIATIONS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; LONG-TERM; VARIABILITY; IRRADIANCE; RESPONSES; SIGNAL; FLUX AB The results from three 45-year simulations of a coupled chemistry climate model are analysed for solar cycle influences on ozone and temperature. The simulations include UV forcing at the top of the atmosphere, which includes a generic 27-day solar rotation effect as well as the observed monthly values of the solar fluxes. The results are analysed for the 27-day and 11-year cycles in temperature and ozone. In accordance with previous results, the 27-day cycle results are in good qualitative agreement with observations, particularly for ozone. However, the results show significant variations, typically a factor of two or more in sensitivity to solar flux, depending on the solar cycle. In the lower and middle stratosphere we show good agreement also between the modelled and observed 11-year cycle results for the ozone vertical profile averaged over low latitudes. In particular, the minimum in solar response near 20 hPa is well simulated. In comparison, experiments of the model with fixed solar phase ( solar maximum/solar mean) and climatological sea surface temperatures lead to a poorer simulation of the solar response in the ozone vertical profile, indicating the need for variable phase simulations in solar sensitivity experiments. The role of sea surface temperatures and tropical upwelling in simulating the ozone minimum response are also discussed. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1693 EP 1706 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 153ML UT WOS:000245439500016 ER PT J AU Salzmann, M Lawrence, MG Phillips, VTJ Donner, LJ AF Salzmann, M. Lawrence, M. G. Phillips, V. T. J. Donner, L. J. TI Model sensitivity studies regarding the role of the retention coefficient for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases by deep convective cloud systems SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TROPICAL CONVECTION; RESOLVING MODEL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; TOGA COARE; RIME ICE; JULY 10 AB The role of the retention coefficient (i.e. the fraction of a dissolved trace gas which is retained in hydrometeors during freezing) for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases by deep convective cloud systems is investigated using a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results from cloud system resolving model runs ( in which deep convection is initiated by small random perturbations in association with so-called "large scale forcings (LSF)") for a tropical oceanic ( TOGA COARE) and a mid-latitude continental case ( ARM) are compared to two runs in which bubbles are used to initiate deep convection (STERAO, ARM). In the LSF runs, scavenging is found to almost entirely prevent a highly soluble tracer initially located in the lowest 1.5 km of the troposphere from reaching the upper troposphere, independent of the retention coefficient. The release of gases from freezing hydrometeors leads to mixing ratio increases in the upper troposphere comparable to those calculated for insoluble trace gases only in the two runs in which bubbles are used to initiate deep convection. A comparison of the two ARM runs indicates that using bubbles to initiate deep convection may result in an overestimate of the influence of the retention coefficient on the vertical transport of highly soluble tracers. It is, however, found that the retention coefficient plays an important role for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases with a ( chemical) source in the free troposphere and also for trace gases for which even relatively inefficient transport may be important. The large difference between LSF and bubble runs is attributed to differences in dynamics and microphysics in the inflow regions of the storms. The dependence of the results on the model setup indicates the need for additional model studies with a more realistic initiation of deep convection, e. g., considering effects of orography in a nested model setup. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Salzmann, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM salzmann@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014 OI Salzmann, Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 8 BP 2027 EP 2045 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MJ UT WOS:000246455500009 ER PT J AU Damski, J Tholix, L Backman, L Kaurola, J Taalas, P Austin, J Butchart, N Kulmala, M AF Damski, J. Thoelix, L. Backman, L. Kaurola, J. Taalas, P. Austin, J. Butchart, N. Kulmala, M. TI A chemistry-transport model simulation of middle atmospheric ozone from 1980 to 2019 using coupled chemistry GCM winds and temperatures SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; RECOVERY; PARTICLES; DEPLETION; TRENDS; HOLE AB A global 40-year simulation from 1980 to 2019 was performed with the FinROSE chemistry-transport model based on the use of coupled chemistry GCM-data. The main focus of our analysis is on climatological-scale processes in high latitudes. The resulting trend estimates for the past period (1980-1999) agree well with observation-based trend estimates. The results for the future period (2000-2019) suggest that the extent of seasonal ozone depletion over both northern and southern high-latitudes has likely reached its maximum. Furthermore, while climate change is expected to cool the stratosphere, this cooling is unlikely to accelerate significantly high latitude ozone depletion. However, the recovery of seasonal high latitude ozone losses will not take place during the next 15 years. C1 Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. World Meteorol Org, Reg & Tech Cooperat Dev Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Met Off, Div Climate Res, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Damski, J (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM juhani.damski@fmi.fi RI Tholix, Laura/F-3076-2015; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Backman, Leif/F-6796-2014 OI Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Backman, Leif/0000-0002-1501-2958 NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2165 EP 2181 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 167MP UT WOS:000246456100002 ER PT J AU Molina, LT Kolb, CE de Foy, B Lamb, BK Brune, WH Jimenez, JL Ramos-Villegas, R Sarmiento, J Paramo-Figueroa, VH Cardenas, B Gutierrez-Avedoy, V Molina, MJ AF Molina, L. T. Kolb, C. E. de Foy, B. Lamb, B. K. Brune, W. H. Jimenez, J. L. Ramos-Villegas, R. Sarmiento, J. Paramo-Figueroa, V. H. Cardenas, B. Gutierrez-Avedoy, V. Molina, M. J. TI Air quality in North America's most populous city - overview of the MCMA-2003 campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; METROPOLITAN-AREA MCMA; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; BEAM WIDTH PROBE; MEXICO-CITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; FIELD CAMPAIGN; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES AB Exploratory field measurements in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area ( MCMA) in February 2002 set the stage for a major air quality field measurement campaign in the spring of 2003 ( MCMA-2003). Involving over 100 scientists from more than 30 institutions in Mexico, the United States and Europe, MCMA-2003 revealed important new insights into the meteorology, primary pollutant emissions, ambient secondary pollutant precursor concentrations, photochemical oxidant production and secondary aerosol particle formation in North America's most populated and polluted megacity. A description of meteorological and atmospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics measurements performed during MCMA-2003 is presented. More than 40 published or submitted MCMA-2003 research papers are reviewed and key discoveries pertinent to understanding and improving air quality in Mexico City and similar megacities in the developing world are summarized. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Govt Fed Dist, Secretary Environm, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl Inst Ecol, Natl Ctr Environm Res & Training, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Molina, LT (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ltmolina@mit.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922 NR 106 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 10 BP 2447 EP 2473 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 173WT UT WOS:000246903900001 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Hudson, PK Cziczo, DJ Gallavardin, S Froyd, KD Johnston, MV Middlebrook, AM Reinard, MS Thomson, DS Thornberry, T Wexler, AS AF Murphy, D. M. Hudson, P. K. Cziczo, D. J. Gallavardin, S. Froyd, K. D. Johnston, M. V. Middlebrook, A. M. Reinard, M. S. Thomson, D. S. Thornberry, T. Wexler, A. S. TI Distribution of lead in single atmospheric particles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MASS SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; TRACE-METALS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; AEROSOL; SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTS; PB; SUPERSITE; ABLATION; ATLANTA AB Three independent single particle mass spectrometers measured Pb in individual aerosol particles. These data provide unprecedented sensitivity and statistical significance for the measurement of Pb in single particles. This paper explores the reasons for the frequency of Pb in fine particles now that most gasoline is unleaded. Trace amounts of Pb were found in 5 to 25% of 250 to 3000 nm diameter particles sampled by both aircraft and surface instruments in the eastern and western United States. Over 5% of particles at a mountain site in Switzerland contained Pb. Particles smaller than 100 nm with high Pb content were also observed by an instrument that was only operated in urban areas. Lead was found on all types of particles, including Pb present on biomass burning particles from remote fires. Less common particles with high Pb contents contributed a majority of the total amount of Pb. Single particles with high Pb content often also contained alkali metals, Zn, Cu, Sn, As, and Sb. The association of Pb with Zn and other metals is also found in IMPROVE network filter data from surface sites. Sources of airborne Pb in the United States are reviewed for consistency with these data. The frequent appearance of trace Pb is consistent with widespread emissions of fine Pb particles from combustion sources followed by coagulation with larger particles during long-range transport. Industrial sources that directly emit Pb-rich particles also contribute to the observations. Clean regions of the western United States show some transport of Pb from Asia but most Pb over the United States comes from North American sources. Resuspension of Pb from soil contaminated by the years of leaded gasoline was not directly apparent. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ETH, Inst Atmosphere & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 53 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3195 EP 3210 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 183KU UT WOS:000247572500010 ER PT J AU Peltier, RE Sullivan, AP Weber, RJ Brock, CA Wollny, AG Holloway, JS de Gouw, JA Warneke, C AF Peltier, R. E. Sullivan, A. P. Weber, R. J. Brock, C. A. Wollny, A. G. Holloway, J. S. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. TI Fine aerosol bulk composition measured on WP-3D research aircraft in vicinity of the Northeastern United States - results from NEAQS SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; ORGANIC-CARBON; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; EAST-COAST; MASS; PARTICLES; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT AB During the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) in the summer of 2004, airborne measurements were made of the major inorganic ions and the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of the submicron (PM1.0) aerosol. These and ancillary data are used to describe the overall aerosol chemical characteristics encountered during the study. Fine particle mass was estimated from particle volume and a calculated density based on measured particle composition. Fine particle organic matter ( OM) was estimated from WSOC and a mass balance analysis. The aerosol over the northeastern United States ( U. S.) and Canada was predominantly sulfate and associated ammonium, and organic components, although in unique plumes additional ionic components were also periodically above detection limits. In power generation regions, and especially in the Ohio River Valley region, the aerosol tended to be predominantly sulfate ( similar to 60% mu g mu g(-1)) and apparently acidic, based on an excess of measured anions compared to cations. In all other regions where sulfate concentrations were lower and a smaller fraction of overall mass, the cations and anions were balanced suggesting a more neutral aerosol. In contrast, the WSOC and estimated OM were more spatially uniform and the fraction of OM relative to PM mass was largely influenced by sources of sulfate. The study median OM mass fraction was 40%. Throughout the study region, sulfate and organic aerosol mass were highest near the surface and decreased rapidly with increasing altitude. The relative fraction of organic mass to sulfate was similar throughout all altitudes within the boundary layer ( altitude less than 2.5 km), but was significantly higher at altitude layers in the free troposphere ( above 2.5 km). A number of distinct biomass burning plumes from fires in Alaska and the Yukon were periodically intercepted, mostly at altitudes between 3 and 4 km. These plumes were associated with highest aerosol concentrations of the study and were largely comprised of organic aerosol components ( similar to 60%). C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Peltier, RE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rpeltier@eas.gatech.edu RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 12 BP 3231 EP 3247 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 183KU UT WOS:000247572500012 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Lovejoy, ER AF Kazil, J. Lovejoy, E. R. TI A semi-analytical method for calculating rates of new sulfate aerosol formation from the gas phase SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS SULFURIC-ACID; EXPERIMENTAL THERMODYNAMICS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICLE FORMATION; TROPOSPHERE; SIZE; NUCLEATION; NUCLEI; GROWTH; IONS AB The formation of new aerosol from the gas phase is commonly represented in atmospheric modeling with parameterizations of the steady state nucleation rate. Present parameterizations are based on classical nucleation theory or on nucleation rates calculated with a numerical aerosol model. These parameterizations reproduce aerosol nucleation rates calculated with a numerical aerosol model only imprecisely. Additional errors can arise when the nucleation rate is used as a surrogate for the production rate of particles of a given size. We discuss these errors and present a method which allows a more precise calculation of steady state sulfate aerosol formation rates. The method is based on the semi-analytical solution of an aerosol system in steady state and on parameterized rate coefficients for H2SO4 uptake and loss by sulfate aerosol particles, calculated from laboratory and theoretical thermodynamic data. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NRC Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM jan.kazil@noaa.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 13 BP 3447 EP 3459 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199ZF UT WOS:000248733000005 ER PT J AU Hirsch, AI AF Hirsch, A. I. TI On using radon-222 and CO2 to calculate regional-scale CO2 fluxes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXCHANGE; MODEL; RADON; EMISSIONS; FOREST; INVERSIONS; METHANE AB Because of its ubiquitous release on land and well-characterized atmospheric loss, radon-222 has been very useful for deducing fluxes of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O. It is shown here that the radon-tracer method, used in previous studies to calculate regional-scale greenhouse gas fluxes, returns a weighted-average flux (the flux field F weighted by the sensitivity of the measurements to that flux field, f) rather than an evenly-weighted spatial average flux. A synthetic data study using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and modeled CO2 fluxes suggests that the discrepancy between the sensitivity-weighted average flux and evenly-weighted spatial average flux can be significant in the case of CO2, due to covariance between F and f for biospheric CO2 fluxes during the growing season and also for anthropogenic CO2 fluxes in general. A technique is presented to correct the radon-tracer derived fluxes to yield an estimate of evenly-weighted spatial average CO2 fluxes. A new method is also introduced for correcting the CO2 flux estimates for the effects of radon-222 radioactive decay in the radon-tracer method. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ESRL Global Monitoring Div, NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hirsch, AI (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adam.hirsch@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 14 BP 3737 EP 3747 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199ZG UT WOS:000248733100004 ER PT J AU Kalabokas, PD Volz-Thomas, A Brioude, J Thouret, V Cammas, JP Repapis, CC AF Kalabokas, P. D. Volz-Thomas, A. Brioude, J. Thouret, V. Cammas, J.-P. Repapis, C. C. TI Vertical ozone measurements in the troposphere over the Eastern Mediterranean and comparison with Central Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; MOZAIC AIRBORNE PROGRAM; SURFACE OZONE; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; AIRCRAFT; FLEXPART; CAMPAIGN; MONSOONS; PROJECT AB Vertical ozone profiles measured in the period 1996-2002 in the framework of the MOZAIC project (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus in Service Aircraft) for flights connecting Central Europe to the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Heraklion, Rhodes, Antalya) were analysed in order to evaluate the high rural ozone levels recorded in the Mediterranean area during summertime. The 77 flights during summer (JJAS) showed substantially (10-12 ppb, 20-40%) enhanced ozone mixing ratios in the lower troposphere over the Eastern Mediterranean frequently exceeding the 60 ppb, 8-h EU air quality standard, whereas ozone between 700 hPa and 400 hPa was only slightly (3-5 ppb, 5-10%) higher than over Central Europe. Analysis of composite weather maps for the high and low ozone cases, as well as back-trajectories and vertical profiles of carbon monoxide, suggest that the main factor leading to high tropospheric ozone values in the area is anticyclonic influence, in combination with a persistent northerly flow in the lower troposphere during summertime over the Aegean. On the other hand the lowest ozone levels are associated with low-pressure systems, especially the extension of the Middle East low over the Eastern Mediterranean area. C1 Acad Athens, Res Ctr Atmospher Phys & Climatol, Athens, Greece. Forschungszentrum, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphaere, Julich, Germany. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab CSD, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Toulouse 3, UMR 5560, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. RP Kalabokas, PD (reprint author), Acad Athens, Res Ctr Atmospher Phys & Climatol, Athens, Greece. EM kalabokas_pavlos@yahoo.gr RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012 OI Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667 NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 14 BP 3783 EP 3790 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199ZG UT WOS:000248733100007 ER PT J AU Park, S Jimenez, R Daube, BC Pfister, L Conway, TJ Gottlieb, EW Chow, VY Curran, DJ Matross, DM Bright, A Atlas, EL Bui, TP Gao, RS Twohy, CH Wofsy, SC AF Park, S. Jimenez, R. Daube, B. C. Pfister, L. Conway, T. J. Gottlieb, E. W. Chow, V. Y. Curran, D. J. Matross, D. M. Bright, A. Atlas, E. L. Bui, T. P. Gao, R.-S. Twohy, C. H. Wofsy, S. C. TI The CO2 tracer clock for the Tropical Tropopause Layer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; EMPIRICAL AGE SPECTRA; STRATOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PIPE MODEL; MEAN AGES; CONVECTION AB Observations of CO2 were made in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the deep tropics in order to determine the patterns of large-scale vertical transport and age of air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL). Flights aboard the NASA WB-57F aircraft over Central America and adjacent ocean areas took place in January and February, 2004 (Pre-AURA Validation Experiment, Pre-AVE) and 2006 (Costa Rice AVE, CR-AVE), and for the same flight dates of 2006, aboard the Proteus aircraft from the surface to 15 km over Darwin, Australia (Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment, TWP-ICE). The data demonstrate that the TTL is composed of two layers with distinctive features: (1) the lower TTL, 350-360 K (potential temperature(theta); approximately 12-14 km), is subject to inputs of convective outflows, as indicated by layers of variable CO2 concentrations, with air parcels of zero age distributed throughout the layer; (2) the upper TTL, from theta=similar to 360 K to similar to 390 K (14-18 km), ascends slowly and ages uniformly, as shown by a linear decline in CO2 mixing ratio tightly correlated with altitude, associated with increasing age. This division is confirmed by ensemble trajectory analysis. The CO2 concentration at the level of 360 K was 380.0(+/-0.2) ppmv, indistinguishable from surface site values in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) for the flight dates. Values declined with altitude to 379.2(+/-0.2) ppmv at 390 K, implying that air in the upper TTL monotonically ages while ascending. In combination with the winter slope of the CO2 seasonal cycle (+10.8+?-0.4 ppmv/yr), the vertical gradient of -0.78 (+/-0.09) ppmv gives a mean age of 26(+/-3) days for the air at 390 K and a mean ascent rate of 1.5(+/-0.3) mm s(-1). The TTL near 360 K in the Southern Hemisphere over Australia is very close in CO2 composition to the TTL in the Northern Hemisphere over Costa Rica, with strong contrasts emerging at lower altitudes (<360 K). Both Pre-AVE and CR-AVE CO2 observed unexpected input from deep convection over Amazonia deep into the TTL. The CO2 data confirm the operation of a highly accurate tracer clock in the TTL that provides a direct measure of the ascent rate of the TTL and of the age of air entering the stratosphere. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wofsy, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM swofsy@deas.harvard.edu RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/0000-0002-8665-9484 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 14 BP 3989 EP 4000 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199ZG UT WOS:000248733100016 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Cooper, OR Trainer, M Ryerson, TB Holloway, JS Baynard, T Peischl, J Warneke, C Neuman, JA De Gouw, J Stohl, A Eckhardt, S Frost, GJ McKeen, SA Hsie, EY Fehsenfeld, FC Nedelec, P AF Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Trainer, M. Ryerson, T. B. Holloway, J. S. Baynard, T. Peischl, J. Warneke, C. Neuman, J. A. De Gouw, J. Stohl, A. Eckhardt, S. Frost, G. J. McKeen, S. A. Hsie, E.-Y. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Nedelec, P. TI Mixing between a stratospheric intrusion and a biomass burning plume SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE; POLLUTION; CLIMATOLOGY; EMISSION; PROGRAM AB Ozone, carbon monoxide, aerosol extinction coefficient, acetonitrile, nitric acid and relative humidity measured from the NOAA P3 aircraft during the TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006 experiment, indicate mixing between a biomass burning plume and a stratospheric intrusion in the free troposphere above eastern Texas. Lagrangian-based transport analysis and satellite imagery are used to investigate the transport mechanisms that bring together the tropopause fold and the biomass burning plume originating in southern California, which may affect the chemical budget of tropospheric trace gases. C1 NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5560, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Sci Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 16 BP 4229 EP 4235 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204VU UT WOS:000249072900004 ER PT J AU Simpson, WR von Glasow, R Riedel, K Anderson, P Ariya, P Bottenheim, J Burrows, J Carpenter, LJ Friess, U Goodsite, ME Heard, D Hutterli, M Jacobi, HW Kaleschke, L Neff, B Plane, J Platt, U Richter, A Roscoe, H Sander, R Shepson, P Sodeau, J Steffen, A Wagner, T Wolff, E AF Simpson, W. R. von Glasow, R. Riedel, K. Anderson, P. Ariya, P. Bottenheim, J. Burrows, J. Carpenter, L. J. Friess, U. Goodsite, M. E. Heard, D. Hutterli, M. Jacobi, H.-W. Kaleschke, L. Neff, B. Plane, J. Platt, U. Richter, A. Roscoe, H. Sander, R. Shepson, P. Sodeau, J. Steffen, A. Wagner, T. Wolff, E. TI Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SUNRISE EXPERIMENT 1992; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; IODINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; METHANE SULFONIC-ACID; FROST FLOWER GROWTH; 8 GLACIAL CYCLES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SURFACE OZONE AB During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br-) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that deplete ozone in the boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on ozone depletion events (ODEs) has made great advances; however many key processes remain poorly understood. In this article we review the history, chemistry, dependence on environmental conditions, and impacts of ODEs. This research has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry, but how salts are transported from the ocean and are oxidized to become reactive halogen species in the air is still not fully understood. Halogens other than bromine (chlorine and iodine) are also activated through incompletely understood mechanisms that are probably coupled to bromine chemistry. The main consequence of halogen activation is chemical destruction of ozone, which removes the primary precursor of atmospheric oxidation, and generation of reactive halogen atoms/oxides that become the primary oxidizing species. The different reactivity of halogens as compared to OH and ozone has broad impacts on atmospheric chemistry, including near complete removal and deposition of mercury, alteration of oxidation fates for organic gases, and export of bromine into the free troposphere. Recent changes in the climate of the Arctic and state of the Arctic sea ice cover are likely to have strong effects on halogen activation and ODEs; however, more research is needed to make meaningful predictions of these changes. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Hamburg, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Res, Inst Oceanog, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Simpson, WR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffwrs@uaf.edu RI Sander, Rolf/A-5725-2011; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; FrieSS, Udo/B-1696-2012; von Glasow, Roland/E-2125-2011; Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Carpenter, Lucy/E-6742-2013; Wolff, Eric/D-7925-2014; Neff, William/E-2725-2010; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Plane, John/C-7444-2015; Ariya, Parisa/G-2810-2015; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014 OI Carpenter, Lucy/0000-0002-6257-3950; Kaleschke, Lars/0000-0001-7086-3299; Heard, Dwayne/0000-0002-0357-6238; Goodsite, Michael/0000-0002-4565-6607; Sander, Rolf/0000-0001-6479-2092; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; von Glasow, Roland/0000-0002-3944-2784; Wolff, Eric/0000-0002-5914-8531; Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076; Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580 NR 304 TC 284 Z9 293 U1 20 U2 159 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 16 BP 4375 EP 4418 PG 44 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204VU UT WOS:000249072900014 ER PT J AU Textor, C Schulz, M Guibert, S Kinne, S Balkanski, Y Bauer, S Berntsen, T Berglen, T Boucher, O Chin, M Dentener, F Diehl, T Feichter, J Fillmore, D Ginoux, P Gong, S Grini, A Hendricks, J Horowitz, L Huang, P Isaksen, ISA Iversen, T Kloster, S Koch, D Kirkevag, A Kristjansson, JE Krol, M Lauer, A Lamarque, JF Liu, X Montanaro, V Myhre, G Penner, JE Pitari, G Reddy, MS Seland, O Stier, P Takemura, T Tie, X AF Textor, C. Schulz, M. Guibert, S. Kinne, S. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. Berntsen, T. Berglen, T. Boucher, O. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Diehl, T. Feichter, J. Fillmore, D. Ginoux, P. Gong, S. Grini, A. Hendricks, J. Horowitz, L. Huang, P. Isaksen, I. S. A. Iversen, T. Kloster, S. Koch, D. Kirkevag, A. Kristjansson, J. E. Krol, M. Lauer, A. Lamarque, J. F. Liu, X. Montanaro, V. Myhre, G. Penner, J. E. Pitari, G. Reddy, M. S. Seland, O. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tie, X. TI The effect of harmonized emissions on aerosol properties in global models - an AeroCom experiment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT MODEL; WET DEPOSITION; MINERAL DUST; SIMULATION; CLIMATE; SIZE AB The effects of unified aerosol sources on global aerosol fields simulated by different models are examined in this paper. We compare results from two AeroCom experiments, one with different (ExpA) and one with unified emissions, injection heights, and particle sizes at the source (ExpB). Surprisingly, harmonization of aerosol sources has only a small impact on the simulated inter-model diversity of the global aerosol burden, and consequently global optical properties, as the results are largely controlled by model-specific transport, removal, chemistry (leading to the formation of secondary aerosols) and parameterizations of aerosol microphysics (e.g., the split between deposition pathways) and to a lesser extent by the spatial and temporal distributions of the (precursor) emissions. The burdens of black carbon and especially sea salt become more coherent in ExpB only, because the large ExpA diversities for these two species were caused by a few outliers. The experiment also showed that despite prescribing emission fluxes and size distributions, ambiguities in the implementation in individual models can lead to substantial differences. These results indicate the need for a better understanding of aerosol life cycles at process level (including spatial dispersal and interaction with meteorological parameters) in order to obtain more reliable results from global aerosol simulations. This is particularly important as such model results are used to assess the consequences of specific air pollution abatement strategies. C1 Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Columbia Univ, GISS, New York, NY USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. ARQM Meteorol Serv Canda, Toronto, ON, Canada. DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Univ Utrecht, IMAU, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. UPMC, IPSL, CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Textor, C (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM christiane.textor@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578 NR 52 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 17 BP 4489 EP 4501 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210SD UT WOS:000249475000001 ER PT J AU Newman, PA Daniel, JS Waugh, DW Nash, ER AF Newman, P. A. Daniel, J. S. Waugh, D. W. Nash, E. R. TI A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL OZONE; TRANSPORT MODEL; POTENTIALS; DEPLETION; HALOGEN; AIR AB Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) is a convenient parameter to quantify the effects of halogens (chlorine and bromine) on ozone depletion in the stratosphere. We show, discuss, and analyze a new formulation of EESC that now includes the effects of age-of-air dependent fractional release values and an age-of-air spectrum. This EESC can be more appropriately applied to various parts of the stratosphere because of this dependence on mean age-of-air. This new formulation provides quantitative estimates of EESC that can be directly related to inorganic chlorine and bromine throughout the stratosphere. In this paper, we first provide a detailed description of the EESC calculation. We then use this EESC formulation to estimate that human-produced ozone depleting substances will recover to 1980 levels in 2041 in the midlatitudes, and 2067 over Antarctica. These recovery dates are based upon the assumption that the international agreements for regulating ozone-depleting substances are adhered to. In addition to recovery dates, we also estimate the uncertainties and possible problems in the estimated times of recovery. The midlatitude recovery of 2041 has a 95% confidence uncertainty from 2028 to 2049, while the 2067 Antarctic recovery has a 95% confidence uncertainty from 2056 to 2078. The principal uncertainties are from the estimated mean age-of-air and fractional release values, and the assumption that these quantities are time independent. Using other model estimates of age decrease due to climate change, we estimate that midlatitude recovery may be significantly accelerated. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Newman, PA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM paul.a.newman@nasa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; NR 39 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 17 BP 4537 EP 4552 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210SD UT WOS:000249475000005 ER PT J AU Chin, M Diehl, T Ginoux, P Malm, W AF Chin, Mian Diehl, T. Ginoux, P. Malm, W. TI Intercontinental transport of pollution and dust aerosols: implications for regional air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GLOBAL-MODEL GOCART; TRANSATLANTIC TRANSPORT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DAILY MORTALITY; FINE PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; ACE-ASIA; ART.; EUROPE AB We use the global model GOCART to examine the impact of pollution and dust aerosols emitted from their major sources on surface fine particulate matter concentrations at regional and hemispheric scales. Focusing on the North America region in 2001, we use measurements from the IMPROVE network in the United States to evaluate the model-simulated surface concentrations of the ''reconstructed fine mass'' (RCFM) and its components of ammonium sulfate, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), and fine mode dust. We then quantify the RCFM budget in terms of the RCFM chemical composition, source type, and region of origin to find that in the eastern U.S., ammonium sulfate is the dominant RCFM component (similar to 60%) whereas in the western U.S., dust and OM are just as important as sulfate but have considerable seasonal variations, especially in the NW. On an annual average, pollution aerosol (defined as aerosols from fuel combustion for industrial and transportation uses) from North America accounts for 65-70% of the surface RCFM in the eastern U.S. and for a lower proportion of 30-40% in the western U.S.; by contrast, pollution from outside of North America contributes to just 2-6% (similar to 0.2 mu g m(-3)) of the total RCFM over the U.S. In comparison, long-range transport of dust brings 3 to 4 times more fine particles than the transport of pollution to the U.S. (0.5-0.8 mu g m(-3) on an annual average) with a maximum influence in spring and over the NW. Of the major pollution regions, Europe has the largest potential to affect the surface aerosol concentrations in other continents due to its shorter distance from receptor continents and its larger fraction of sulfate-producing precursor gas in the outflow. With the IPCC emission scenario for the year 2000, we find that European emissions increase levels of ammonium sulfate by 1-5 mu m(-3) over the surface of northern Africa and western Asia, and its contribution to eastern Asia (>= 0.2 mu g m(-3)) is twice as much as the Asian contribution to North America. Asia and North America pollution emissions exert strong impacts on their neighboring oceans, but their influences over other continents are relatively small (<= 10%) due to long traveling distances across the oceans and efficient removal during transport. Among the major dust source regions, Asia displays a significant influence over large areas in the northern hemisphere except over the North Atlantic and the tropics, where African dust dominates. We also notice that the African dust and European pollution can travel eastward through a pathway spanning across Asia and North Pacific to western North America; such a pathway is difficult to detect because these aerosols usually merge and travel together with Asian dust and pollution labeled as ''Asian outflow''. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Chin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM mian.chin@nasa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; NR 47 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 21 BP 5501 EP 5517 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 235MX UT WOS:000251239500002 ER PT J AU Bergstrom, RW Pilewskie, P Russell, PB Redemann, J Bond, TC Quinn, PK Sierau, B AF Bergstrom, R. W. Pilewskie, P. Russell, P. B. Redemann, J. Bond, T. C. Quinn, P. K. Sierau, B. TI Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; SAHARAN DUST; UV; AETHALOMETER; VARIABILITY; INSTRUMENT AB We have determined the solar spectral absorption optical depth of atmospheric aerosols for specific case studies during several field programs (three cases have been reported previously; two are new results). We combined airborne measurements of the solar net radiant flux density and the aerosol optical depth with a detailed radiative transfer model for all but one of the cases. The field programs (SAFARI 2000, ACE Asia, PRIDE, TARFOX, INTEX-A) contained aerosols representing the major absorbing aerosol types: pollution, biomass burning, desert dust and mixtures. In all cases the spectral absorption optical depth decreases with wavelength and can be approximated with a power-law wavelength dependence (Absorption Angstrom Exponent or AAE). We compare our results with other recent spectral absorption measurements and attempt to briefly summarize the state of knowledge of aerosol absorption spectra in the atmosphere. We discuss the limitations in using the AAE for calculating the solar absorption. We also discuss the resulting spectral single scattering albedo for these cases. C1 [Bergstrom, R. W.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. [Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Russell, P. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Redemann, J.] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Ventura, CA USA. [Bond, T. C.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sierau, B.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bergstrom, RW (reprint author), Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. EM bergstrom@baeri.org RI Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 37 TC 204 Z9 210 U1 7 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 23 BP 5937 EP 5943 DI 10.5194/acp-7-5937-2007 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PJ UT WOS:000252166200001 ER PT J AU Luderer, G Trentmann, J Hungershofer, K Herzog, M Fromm, M Andreae, MO AF Luderer, G. Trentmann, J. Hungershoefer, K. Herzog, M. Fromm, M. Andreae, M. O. TI Small-scale mixing processes enhancing troposphere-to-stratosphere transport by pyro-cumulonimbus storms SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC PARTICLE AGGREGATION; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION COLUMNS; BIOMASS SMOKE INJECTION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; THUNDERSTORM ANVILS; SIMULATION; PLUME; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; MIDLATITUDES AB Deep convection induced by large forest fires is an efficient mechanism for transport of aerosol particles and trace gases into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). For many pyro-cumulonimbus clouds (pyroCbs) as well as other cases of severe convection without fire forcing, radiometric observations of cloud tops in the thermal infrared (IR) reveal characteristic structures, featuring a region of relatively high brightness temperatures (warm center) surrounded by a U-shaped region of low brightness temperatures. We performed a numerical simulation of a specific case study of pyroCb using a non-hydrostatic cloud resolving model with a two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization and a prognostic turbulence scheme. The model is able to reproduce the thermal IR structure as observed from satellite radiometry. Our findings establish a close link between the observed temperature pattern and small-scale mixing processes atop and downwind of the overshooting dome of the pyroCb. Such small-scale mixing processes are strongly enhanced by the formation and breaking of a stationary gravity wave induced by the overshoot. They are found to increase the stratospheric penetration of the smoke by up to almost 30 K and thus are of major significance for irreversible transport of forest fire smoke into the lower stratosphere. C1 [Trentmann, J.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany. [Hungershoefer, K.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, Leipzig, Germany. [Herzog, M.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fromm, M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Luderer, G.; Andreae, M. O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biogeochem, Mainz, Germany. RP Luderer, G (reprint author), Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM gunnar.luderer@pik-potsdam.de RI Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Luderer, Gunnar/G-2967-2012; Trentmann, Jorg/D-9867-2013 OI Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 7 IS 23 BP 5945 EP 5957 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248PJ UT WOS:000252166200002 ER PT J AU Roy, B Pouliot, GA Gilliland, A Pierce, T Howard, S Bhave, PV Benjey, W AF Roy, Biswadev Pouliot, George A. Gilliland, Alice Pierce, Thomas Howard, Steven Bhave, Prakash V. Benjey, William TI Refining fire emissions for air quality modeling with remotely sensed fire counts: A wildfire case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; wildfire; pixel; emissions reallocation; spectroradiometer; satellite; MODIS ID MODIS; ALGORITHM AB This paper examines the use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observed active fire data (pixel counts) to refine the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) fire emission estimates for major wildfire events. This study was motivated by the extremely limited information available for many years of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) NEI about the specific location and timing of major fire events. The MODIS fire data provide twice-daily snapshots of the locations and breadth of fires, which can be helpful for identifying major wildfires that typically persist for a minimum of several days. A major wildfire in Mallory Swamp, FL, is used here as a case study to test a reallocation approach for temporally and spatially distributing the state-level fire emissions based on the MODIS fire data. Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulations using these reallocated emissions are then compared with another simulation based on the original NEI fire emissions. We compare total carbon (TC) predictions from these CMAQ simulations against observations from the Inter-agency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) surface network. Comparisons at three IMPROVE sites demonstrate substantial improvements in the temporal variability and overall correlation for TC predictions when the MODIS fire data is used to refine the fire emission estimates. These results suggest that if limited information is available about the spatial and temporal extent of a major wildfire fire, remotely sensed fire data can be a useful surrogate for developing the fire emissions estimates for air quality modeling purposes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Roy, B (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Mail Code E243-01,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Roy.Dev@EPA.gov RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013; OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.037 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 130WZ UT WOS:000243831000018 ER PT S AU Ralchenko, Y Schultz, DR AF Ralchenko, Yuri Schultz, David R. BE Roueff, E TI Database demonstration sessions at ICAMDATA-5 SO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications CY OCT 15-NOV 19, 2006 CL Meudon, FRANCE SP Consell Sci Observ Paris, Observ Paris, Dept LUTh, Observ Paris, Dept LERMA, CNRS, Programme Natl Phys & Chimie Milleu Interstellaire, Programme Natl Planetol, Programme Natl Phys Stellaire, Assoc Euratom CEA, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Reg Ile France AB We report on the database demonstration sessions held during the 5th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications. C1 [Ralchenko, Yuri] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schultz, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0407-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 901 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGD93 UT WOS:000246215300026 ER PT S AU Kroupp, E Gregorian, L Davara, G Starobinets, A Starribulchik, E Maron, Y Ralchenko, Y Alexiou, S AF Kroupp, E. Gregorian, L. Davara, G. Starobinets, A. Starribulchik, E. Maron, Y. Ralchenko, Yu. Alexiou, S. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Spectroscopic investigation of the particle density and motion in an imploding z-pinch plasma SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE z-pinch dynamics; spectral line broadening; turbulence ID DISTRIBUTIONS; LINES AB Experimental investigations of the ion density and flow as a function of time and space in z-pinch plasmas are of key importance for improving the understanding of z-pinch dynamics [1-5]. For such studies, measurements of emission- line shapes can be highly useful [6]. In the present experiment line emission of oxygen ions is used to investigate the ion density and motion in the imploding plasma in a 0.6- mu s, 220-kA z-pinch experiment. For the time period studied here (220 - 85 ns before the stagnation on-axis), the plasma properties have been extensively characterized previously, employing various spectroscopic methods to determine the time-dependent radial distributions of the ion velocities [7], the magnetic field [81, the charge-state composition [9], the electron temperature [10], and the particle densities [11]. In particular, the electron density was determined from the absolute intensities of spectral lines [91, from the ionization times in the plasma [ 11], and from momentum-balance considerations, based on the previously measured time-dependent magnetic field radial distribution. The electron density determined was also found to be consistent with energy-balance considerations, as described in Ref. [10]. Using the values of the electron density and temperature as a function of the radial coordinate and time [10-11], the Stark widths of all emission lines observed (of O II - O VI) were calculated (we C1 [Kroupp, E.; Gregorian, L.; Davara, G.; Starobinets, A.; Starribulchik, E.; Maron, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Ralchenko, Yu.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alexiou, S.] Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece. RP Kroupp, E (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RI Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793; Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Minerva (Germany); Israel Science Foundation (ISF); Sandia National Laboratories (USA) FX It is a pleasure to thank H.R Griem, A. Fisher, C. Deeney, and A Velikovich for invaluable critical comments. This work was supported in part by Minerva (Germany), Israel Science Foundation (ISF), and Sandia National Laboratories (USA). NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 4 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400002 ER PT S AU Hudson, LT Henins, A Seely, JF Holland, GE AF Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Seely, J. F. Holland, G. E. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Diagnostic spectrometers for high energy density x-ray sources SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE x-ray spectroscopy; crystal spectrometer; Rowland circle focusing; resolving power; Cauchois geometry; hard x-ray sources AB A new generation of advanced laser, accelerator, and plasma confinement devices are emerging that are producing extreme states of light and matter that are unprecedented for laboratory study. Examples of such sources that will produce laboratory x-ray emissions with unprecedented characteristics include megajoule-class and ultrafast ultraintense petawatt laser-produced plasmas; tabletop high-harmonic-generation x-ray sources; high-brightness zeta-pinch and magnetically confined plasma sources; and coherent x-ray free electron lasers and compact inverse-Compton x-ray sources. Characterizing the spectra, time structure, and intensity of x rays emitted by these and other novel sources is critical to assessing system performance and progress as well as pursuing the new and unpredictable physical interactions of interest to basic and applied high-energy-density (HED) science. As these technologies mature, increased emphasis will need to be placed on advanced diagnostic instrumentation and metrology, standard reference data, absolute calibrations and traceability of results. We are actively designing, fabricating, and fielding wavelength-calibrated x-ray spectrometers that have been employed to register spectra from a variety of exotic x-ray sources (electron beam ion trap, electron cyclotron resonance ion source, terawatt pulsed-power-driven accelerator, laser-produced plasmas). These instruments employ a variety of curved-crystal optics, detector technologies, and data acquisition strategies. In anticipation of the trends mentioned above, this paper will focus primarily on optical designs that can accommodate the high background signals produced in HED experiments while also registering their high-energy spectral emissions. In particular, we review the results of recent laboratory testing that explores off-Rowland circle imaging in an effort to reclaim the instrumental resolving power that is increasingly elusive at higher energies when using wavelength-dispersive techniques. These efforts inform the optimization of diagnostic designs that will permit acquisition of high-resolution, hard x-ray spectra in the HED environment. C1 [Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seely, J. F.; Holland, G. E.] Naval Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400007 ER PT S AU Silver, E Chen, G Kirby, K Brickhouse, NS Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Laming, JM AF Silver, E. Chen, Gx Kirby, K. Brickhouse, N. S. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Laming, J. M. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI X-ray measurements using a microcalorimeter on an electron beam ion trap SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB The X-ray telescopes and spectrometers flown on Chandra and XMM-Newton are returning exciting new data from a wide variety of cosmic sources such as stellar coronae, supemova remnants, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries. To achieve the best scientific interpretation of the data from these and future spectroscopic missions and related ground-based observations, theoretical calculations and plasma models must be verified or modified by the results obtained from measurements in the laboratory. Such measurements are the focus of several laboratory astrophysics programs that use an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) to simulate astrophysical plasma conditions. Here we describe our recent spectroscopic measurements of neon-like iron and nickel using a microcalofimeter on the EBIT at the National Institute of Standards (NIST) [1]. We obtain values for the intensity ratios of the well-known lines emitted by these ions and compare the results with new large scale electron-ion scattering calculations. Additional details about our laboratory astrophysics work can be found in some earlier papers [2-4]. C1 [Silver, E.; Chen, Gx; Kirby, K.; Brickhouse, N. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, Gx; Kirby, K.] ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Tan, J. N.; Pomeroy, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laming, J. M.] US Navy, Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400012 ER PT S AU Ralchenko, Y Gillaspy, JD Pomeroy, JM Reader, J Tan, JN AF Ralchenko, Yu. Gillaspy, J. D. Pomeroy, J. M. Reader, J. Tan, J. N. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI X-ray and EUV Spectroscopy of highly-charged ions of tungsten SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB We report on recent measurements and collisional-radiative simulations of x-ray [1] and EUV spectra from multiply-charged ions of tungsten produced with the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The spectra were recorded in the ranges of 0.3 nm to 1 nm and 4 nm to 20 nm for beam energies varied between 2 and 4.3 keV. A quantum microcalorimeter was used for x-ray measurements while the EUV spectra were recorded with a grazing incidence spectrometer. of 4.08 keV The uncertainties of our measured wavelengths range from 0.002 to 0.010 nm. Remarkably good agreement between calculated and measured spectra was obtained without adjustable parameters, highlighting the well-controlled experimental conditions and the sophistication of the kinetic simulation of the non-Maxwellian tungsten plasma. This agreement permitted the identification of new spectral lines from W39+, W44+, W45+, W46+,and W47+ ions, led to the reinterpretation of a previously known line in the Ni-like ion as an overlap of electric-quadrupole and magnetic-octupole lines, and revealed subtle features in the spectra arising from the dominance of forbidden transitions between excited states. The importance of level population mechanisms specific to the EBIT plasmasis discussed as well. C1 [Ralchenko, Yu.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Reader, J.; Tan, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400013 ER PT S AU Zhang, X Lytle, AL Cohen, O Gaudiosi, DM Popmintchev, T Paul, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Zhang, Xiaoshi Lytle, Amy L. Cohen, Oren Gaudiosi, David M. Popmintchev, Tenio Paul, Ariel Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Attosecond Nonlinear optics in Plasmas for coherent x-ray generation SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB The process of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) can be used to generate bright, coherent beams of light in the extreme-ultraviolet and soft x-ray region of the spectrum by upconverting intense femtosecond pulses to very short wavelengths. These high-order harmonics result from ionization of the gas used as a nonlinear medium; thus, a full understanding of the process involves incorporating atomic physics, quantum dynamics, and plasma physics into an already non-trivial nonlinear optics problem. In the past several years, we have developed a new technology of "extreme" nonlinear optics that uses the rich, attosecond time-scale physics of the process in novel ways to manipulate the characteristics of this source, improving both the flux and the spectral characteristics. Most recently, we have (1) demonstrated that quasi phase matching of the high-order harmonic conversion process can be accomplished by the use of weak counterpropagating pulse trains that modulate the conversion process, constituting a nonlinear-optical "crystal" made of light; and (2) we have demonstrated that high-order harmonics can be generated by ionization of ions in a guided-wave geometry, using a discharge-created plasma waveguide to pre-ionize the gas and form a guiding electron density profile. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoshi] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kapteyn@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 145 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400022 ER PT S AU Stone, PM AF Stone, Philip M. BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Yong-Ki Kim - His life and recent work SO Atomic Processes in Plasmas SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE Yong-Ki Kim; ionization; excitation; BEB theory; scaled PWB ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; 2-PARTICLE COLLISIONS; INELASTIC COLLISIONS; LABORATORY SYSTEM; ATOMS; MOLECULES; HELIUM; SINGLE AB Dr. Kim made internationally recognized contributions in many areas of atomic physics research and applications, and was still very active when he was killed in an automobile accident. He joined NIST in 1983 after 17 years at the Argonne National Laboratory following his Ph.D. work at the University of Chicago. Much of his early work at Argonne and especially at NIST was the elucidation and detailed analysis of the structure of highly charged ions. He developed a sophisticated, fully relativistic atomic structure theory that accurately predicts atomic energy levels, transition wavelengths, lifetimes, and transition probabilities for a large number of ions. This information has been vital to model the properties of the hot interior of fusion research plasmas, where atomic ions must be described with relativistic atomic structure calculations. In recent years. Dr. Kim worked on the precise calculation of ionization and excitation cross sections of numerous atoms. ions, and molecules that are important in fusion research and in plasma processing for manufacturing semiconductor chips. Dr. Kim greatly advanced the state-of-the-art of calculations for these cross sections through development an implementation of highly innovative methods, including his Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) theory and a scaled plane wave Born (scaled PWB) theory. His methods. using closed quantum mechanical formulas and no adjustable parameters, avoid tedious large-scale Computations With main-frame computers. His calculations closely reproduce the results of benchmark experiments as well as large-scale calculations requiring hours of computer time. This recent work on BEB and scaled PWB is reviewed and examples of its capabilities are shown. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, PM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400026 ER PT S AU Tommasini, R Park, HS Patel, P Maddox, B Le Pape, S Hatchett, SP Remington, BA Key, MH Izumi, N Tabak, M Koch, JA Landen, OL Hey, D MacKinnon, A Seely, J Holland, G Hudson, L Szabo, C AF Tommasini, Riccardo Park, Hye-Sook Patel, Prav Maddox, Brian Le Pape, Sebastien Hatchett, Stephen P. Remington, Bruce A. Key, Michael H. Izumi, Nobuhiko Tabak, Max Koch, Jeffrey A. Landen, Otto L. Hey, Dan MacKinnon, Andy Seely, John Holland, Glenn Hudson, Larry Szabo, Csilla BE Gillaspy, JD Curry, JJ Wiese, WL TI Development of Compton radiography using high-Z backlighters produced by ultra-intense lasers SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY MAR 19-22, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE laser-plasma interaction; hard x-rays; x-ray spectroscopy; radiography ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB High-energy x-ray backlighters will be valuable for radiography experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), and for radiography of imploded inertial confinement fusion cores using Compton scattering to observe cold, dense plasma. Key considerations are the available backlight brightness, and the backlight size. To quantify these parameters we have characterized the emission from low- and high-Z planar foils irradiated by intense picosecond and ferntosecond laser pulses from the TITAN laser facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Spectra generated by a sequence of elements from Mo to Pb, spanning the x-ray energy range from 17 keV to 75 keV, have been recorded using a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) in single hit regime and a Dual Crystal Spectrometer (DCS). High-resolution pointprojection 2D radiographs have also been recorded on Fuji BaFBr:Eu-2 image plates using calibrated resolution grids. We discuss the results in light of the requirements for applications at NIF. C1 [Tommasini, Riccardo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Seely, John; Holland, Glenn] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Hudson, Larry; Szabo, Csilla] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0436-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 926 BP 248 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGO81 UT WOS:000249095400034 ER PT J AU Seo, JW Haas, C Saidi, K AF Seo, J. W. Haas, Carl Saidi, Kamel TI Graphical modeling and simulation for design and control of a tele-operated clinker clearing robot SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures CY JUN 20-22, 2005 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Vienna Univ Technol DE graphical simulation; geometric modeling; graphical control interface; tele-operation; robot design ID CONSTRUCTION; MAINTENANCE; CAD AB Graphical modeling and simulation to analyze and visualize geometry and dynamic processes can improve construction and maintenance in many ways. This paper presents the usefulness of graphical modeling and simulation for the development of construction/maintenance equipment that requires extensive geometry analysis for machine design and remote-operation for control purpose. The development of a tele-operated clinker clearing robot for the maintenance of lignite-fired power facilities is described. The geometric and kinematic design of the robot was performed based on graphical modeling and simulation through interference analysis and visualization. The use of this graphics technique was farther extended to the control of the robot from a remote distance because of the hazardous work environment condition. Graphical representation of the equipment and the work environment enhanced equipment control by providing better spatial perception to the operator. Real-time simulation with graphical models also ensured safe and reliable operation of equipment. It is believed that the workflow and the techniques discussed in this paper can also be successfully employed for the development of new equipment that needs to deal with geometrically complex and hazardous work environments. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NIST, Construct Metrol & Automat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seo, JW (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM jseo@hanyang.ac.kr NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2005.12.002 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 103TT UT WOS:000241910300013 ER PT J AU Oswald, JN Rankin, S Barlow, J AF Oswald, J. N. Rankin, S. Barlow, J. TI First description of whistles of pacific fraser's dolphins Lagenodelphis hosei SO BIOACOUSTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SOUND AND ITS RECORDING LA English DT Article DE whistles; Lagenodelphis hosei; tropical Pacific ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC AB Acoustic recordings were made in the presence of four single-species schools of Fraser's Dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei during combined acoustic and visual shipboard line-transect cetacean abundance surveys. Recordings were made using a towed hydrophone array and sonobuoys. Echolocation clicks were detected during only one recording session and no burst pulses were detected. Whistles were present in all four recording sessions. Fourteen variables were measured from the fundamental frequencies of 60 whistles. The whistles were generally simple, with few inflection points or steps. Whistles ranged from 6.6 kHz to 23.5 kHz, with durations ranging from 0.06 to 0.93 see. Whistle characteristics closely match those reported for L. hosei recorded in the Gulf of Mexico (Leatherwood et al. 1993) and the Caribbean (Watkins et al. 1994), although, in general, the Pacific dolphins were less vocally active than the Caribbean dolphins described by Watkins et al. (1994). This difference may be related to the orientation of the hydrophone array relative to the dolphins. It may also be due to behaviour, as the Caribbean dolphins were engaged in feeding activities and the Pacific dolphins were fast travelling to evade the approaching vessel. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Oswald, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AB ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI OXFORD PA PO BOX 42 BICESTER, OXFORD OX26 6NW, ENGLAND SN 0952-4622 J9 BIOACOUSTICS JI Bioacoustics PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 99 EP 111 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 234LS UT WOS:000251166200001 ER PT J AU Rankin, S Barlow, J AF Rankin, Shannon Barlow, Jay TI Vocalizations of the Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis off the Hawaiian Islands SO BIOACOUSTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SOUND AND ITS RECORDING LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; BRYDES WHALES; SOUNDS; PHYSALUS; MEXICO; EDENI AB Little is known about the sounds produced by the Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis and no recordings have been made in their presence in the Pacific Ocean. This research presents sounds recorded in the presence of Sei whales near the Hawaiian Islands in November, 2002. A total of 107 vocalizations, including two variations of low-frequency downswept calls, were measured. Two of these calls were sweeps from 100 Hz to 44 Hz, over 1.0 seconds. The second call type (n=105) consisted of low-frequency calls which swept from 39 Hz to 21 Hz over 1.3 seconds. These calls are different from sounds attributed to Sei whales in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, where recordings were made only in the summer months. These sounds are similar, however, to sounds attributed to fin whales in Hawaiian waters. Additional studies are needed in order to understand the spatial and temporal variation in the vocal repertoire of Sei and Fin whales in the Pacific Ocean. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Rankin, S (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM shannon.rankin@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AB ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI OXFORD PA PO BOX 42 BICESTER, OXFORD OX26 6NW, ENGLAND SN 0952-4622 J9 BIOACOUSTICS JI Bioacoustics PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 234LS UT WOS:000251166200003 ER PT J AU Whitfield, PE Hare, JA David, AW Harter, SL Munoz, RC Addison, CM AF Whitfield, Paula E. Hare, Jonathan A. David, Andrew W. Harter, Stacey L. Munoz, Roldan C. Addison, Christine M. TI Abundance estimates of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans/miles complex in the Western North Atlantic SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE lionfish; invasive marine fish; Serranidae; Pterois; invasion impact; abundance; introduced species ID UNDERWATER VISUAL CENSUS; REEF FISH ASSEMBLAGE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MARINE FISHES; UNITED-STATES; POPULATIONS; REPRODUCTION; SCORPAENIDAE; COMMUNITIES; GROWTH AB Less than a decade after being observed off Florida, the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish is now widely distributed off the southeast coast of the United States. As a step towards measuring invasion impacts to native communities, we examine the magnitude and extent of this invasion by first, compiling reports of lionfish to provide range information and second, estimate lionfish abundance from two separate studies. We also estimate native grouper (epinepheline serranids) abundance to better assess and compare lionfish abundances. In the first study we conducted SCUBA diver visual transect surveys at 17 different locations off the North Carolina coast in water depths of 35 - 50 m. In the second study, we conducted 27 Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) transect surveys at five locations from Florida to North Carolina in water depths of 50 - 100 m. In both studies, lionfish were found to be second in abundance only to scamp (Mycteroperca phenax). Lionfish were found in higher abundance in the shallower North Carolina SCUBA surveys ((x) over bar 21: 2 ha(-1)) than in the deep water ROV surveys ((x) over bar 5: 2 ha(-1)). Lionfish reports continue to expand most recently into the Bahamas, raising the specter of further spread into the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. The potential impacts of lionfish to native communities are likely to be through direct predation, competition and overcrowding. The high number of lionfish present in the ecosystem increases the potential for cascading impacts throughout the food chain. Within the southeast region the combined effects of climate change, overfishing and invasive species may have irreversible consequences to native communities in this region. C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Whitfield, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM paula.whitfield@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 84 Z9 93 U1 12 U2 100 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JAN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9005-9 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 121VT UT WOS:000243185800006 ER PT B AU Kondzela, CM Kendall, AW Li, ZZ Clausen, DM Gharrett, AJ AF Kondzela, Christine M. Kendall, Arthur W., Jr. Li, Zhuozhuo Clausen, David M. Gharrett, Anthony J. BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Preliminary identification of pelagic juvenile rockfishes collected in the Gulf of Alaska SO Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID RESTRICTION SITE ANALYSIS; SEBASTES SPP.; GENUS SEBASTES AB Many pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes) were collected in juvenile salmonid surveys in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) from 1998 to 2002. Often, species identification of rockfish is difficult or impossible at this stage of development (20 to 40 mm), and the juveniles of only a few species indigenous to Alaska waters have been described. These collections are samples of the first large aggregations observed in GOA waters and provided an opportunity to document the occurrence of several species of rockfish. Using mtDNA markers developed to identify rockfish species, we were able to identify unequivocally four species (Sebastes alutus, S. aleutianus, S. borealis, S. reedi) from subsamples of the collections. Other individuals were assigned to groups of two or three species. Using morphological data alone, we identified S. borealis, S. crameri, and S. reedi. The other species were initially indistinguishable by their morphology from S. alutus. The combined genetic and morphological data successfully resolved the other species as S. entomelas and probably S. ciliatus/variabilis, although S. polyspinis cannot be ruled out. In addition to documenting the presence of these species in the GOA, the results provide useful information for identifying pelagic juvenile rockfishes in surveys targeting this early life history stage. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kondzela, CM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 153 EP 166 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500009 ER PT B AU Hutchinson, CE Kastelle, CR Kimura, DK Gunderson, DR AF Hutchinson, Charles E. Kastelle, Craig R. Kimura, Daniel K. Gunderson, Donald R. BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Using radiometric ages to develop conventional ageing methods for shortraker rockfish (Sebastes borealis) SO Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; LONGEVITY; OTOLITHS; VALIDATION; GROWTH AB Whole otoliths from a previous' radiometric ageing study were thin sectioned using a modified preparation technique. Growth rings on the thin sections were counted using three different ageing strategies with different levels of banding (i.e., grouping fine growth zones). Ages generated from the different ageing strategies were compared with the radiometric ages to select the "best" ageing strategy. A comparison of ageing strategies and radiometric ages suggests that the "best" strategy had a transition age of approximately 20 years below which fine growth zones, should be grouped into bands, and above which finer marks should be counted. Otoliths from additional specimens were thin sectioned and aged using this "best" strategy, and also radiometrically aged. Using the "best" ageing strategy, von Bertalanffy growth parameters for female shortraker rockfish were estimated to be (L-infinity = 83.2 cm., K = 0.04, and t(0) = 4.68 years). These parameters, plus the length at maturity were used to estimate an age range at 50% sexual maturity of between 18 to 28 years which is similar to the probable transition age of 20 years. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hutchinson, CE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 237 EP 249 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500014 ER PT B AU Stockhausen, WT Hermann, AJ AF Stockhausen, William T. Hermann, Albert J. BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Modeling larval dispersion of rockfish: A tool for marine reserve design? SO Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; CALIFORNIA ROCKFISHES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SHORTRAKER ROCKFISH; SEBASTES-BOREALIS; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; TRANSPORT; ALASKA; COAST AB Marine reserves have been suggested as an important tool for rockfish management and conservation in the northeast Pacific Ocean. One issue confronting effective reserve design is to ensure that larvae released within a reserve system are not lost through dispersal but actually contribute to the population within the reserve areas and beyond. As a first attempt to address this issue for marine reserves in the Aleutian Islands (AI) and Gulf of Alaska (GOA), we modified the particle-tracking module of a three-dimensional circulation model for the northeast Pacific to incorporate simple larval behaviors such as diel vertical migration. We used the model to simulate dispersal of rockfish larvae during peak months of larval release from a suite of potential reserve locations in the AI and GOA. Because larval behavioral patterns are unknown for most rockfish species, we incorporated several alternative behavioral models in the simulations. We also addressed intra- and interannual variation in dispersal by repeating the simulations with larval release occurring during several different months for two different years. Model results indicate that retention of larvae near release sites is greatest for sites in the AI and least for sites in the GOA. However, we regard these results as preliminary and as a demonstration of the modeling approach rather than as an actual basis for selecting reserve areas. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Stockhausen, WT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 251 EP 273 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500015 ER PT B AU Reuter, RF Spencer, PD AF Reuter, Rebecca F. Spencer, Paul D. BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Characterizing aspects of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) assemblages in the Aleutian islands, Alaska SO Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID FISH ASSEMBLAGES; SHORTRAKER ROCKFISH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UPPER SLOPE; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; OREGON; SHELF; HABITATS; BOREALIS AB Understanding the spatial and temporal persistence of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) communities in the Aleutian Islands would help define their essential habitat as well as aid in the management of their fisheries. It is known that some Sebastes spp. can be distributed non-uniformly or uniformly within discrete depth zones throughout the North Pacific, but it is not known whether these patterns are consistent within assemblages of Sebastes species. In this study, five years of data from surveys conducted between 1991 and 2002 were used to analyze rockfish species associations in the Aleutian Islands. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster methods were used to create small-scale haul-groups (groups defined by hauls with similar species composition) and large-scale species-groups (defined for the entire Aleutian. Islands area) using rockfish species and three primarily benthic species that make up the main fisheries in the Aleutian Islands (Atka mackerel [Pleurogrammus monopterygius], Pacific cod [Gadus macrocephalus], and sablefish [Anoplopoma fimbrial). Six haul groups were found, three of which were persistent throughout the five-year study period. The dominant species within these groups were Pacific cod, Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), and a group with a combination of rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus), shortraker rockfish (S. borealis), and shortspine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus). Depth and longitude were found to be important environmental parameters in describing a haul group. For example the rougheye rockfish, shortraker rockfish, and shortspine thornyhead group was a deep-water slope haul group, whereas the Pacific ocean perch group occurred mainly in the lower shelf depth zone. The three main haul groups were located in consistent geographical areas suggesting spatial persistence: locations such as the north side of Amlia Island and near Little Sitkin Island were found to be areas where the rougheye rockfish, shortraker rockfish, and shortspine thornyhead haul group was persistent. The identification of areas where rockfish aggregations consistently occur may assist in defining logical areas for spatial management strategies such as marine protected areas. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Reuter, RF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 383 EP 409 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500022 ER PT B AU Courtney, DL Ianelli, JN Hanselman, D Heifetz, J AF Courtney, Dean L. Ianelli, James N. Hanselman, Dana Heifetz, Jonathan BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Extending statistical age-structured assessment approaches to gulf of Alaska rockfish (Sebastes spp.) SO BIOLOGY, ASSESSMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF NORTH PACIFIC ROCKFISHES SE Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; POPULATION ANALYSIS; NATURAL MORTALITY; DECISION-ANALYSIS; MODEL; SELECTIVITY; CATCH AB Modern age-structured stock assessments typically involve use of a complex "packaged" model or programming of a customized model. For Gulf of Alaska (GOA) rockfish, a customized model has been developed for use with four rockfish species: northern rockfish (Sebastes polyspinis), Pacific ocean perch (S. alutus), dusky rockfish (S. variabilis), and rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus). Each species has particular differences in fishery, survey, and biology, and changes to the customized model structure have allowed for the additional data types and special fishery and biological characteristics. Compared with large, more feature-rich packaged programs, the software developed for GOA rockfish is efficient and relatively straightforward to implement. We describe the customized model and compare differences in model structure among the four applications, the relative impact of different data sources, and factors affecting the uncertainty of key parameter estimates. Modifications needed to adapt the customized model to the different rockfish species were relatively minor, and comparisons among assumptions were easy to compile. Comparison of diagnostics of model fits and estimates of uncertainty in key parameters among species indicated that the variance specified for most data components was consistent with characteristics of the data and the biological aspects unique to each rockfish species. The development of a customized age-structured model for several rockfish species proved to be adaptable for evaluating uncertainty and the information content of diverse types of data. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Courtney, DL (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 429 EP 449 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500024 ER PT B AU Field, JC Dick, EJ Key, M Lowry, M Lucero, Y MacCall, A Pearson, D Ralston, S Sydeman, W Thayer, J AF Field, J. C. Dick, E. J. Key, M. Lowry, M. Lucero, Y. MacCall, A. Pearson, D. Ralston, S. Sydeman, W. Thayer, J. BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Population dynamics of an unexploited rockfish (Sebastes jordani) in the california current SO BIOLOGY, ASSESSMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF NORTH PACIFIC ROCKFISHES SE Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; SEA LIONS; SHORTBELLY ROCKFISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; DIET; PACIFIC; ABUNDANCE; NORTHERN AB The shortbelly rockfish, Sebastes jordani, is one of the most abundant rockfish species in the California Current, and is a key forage species for many fish, birds, and marine mammals. This species has not been the target of commercial fisheries, and consequently catch data are limited. Nevertheless, available evidence suggests that the population has undergone significant fluctuations in abundance over the last several decades, presumably in response to variable environmental conditions. We present a population model, using standard methods and a variety of both traditional and untraditional data, to investigate population changes for this ecologically important species. The results from this analysis provide an opportunity to consider the dynamic nature of an unexploited rockfish population, and should ultimately provide insight into the potential causes and consequences of natural population variability on both exploited and non-exploited populations throughout the California Current. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Field, JC (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 451 EP 472 PG 22 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500025 ER PT B AU Fujioka, JT Lunsford, CR Heifetz, J Clausen, DM AF Fujioka, Jeffrey T. Lunsford, Chris R. Heifetz, Jonathan Clausen, David M. BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Stratification by echosounder signal to improve trawl survey precision for Pacific ocean perch SO BIOLOGY, ASSESSMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF NORTH PACIFIC ROCKFISHES SE Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposia Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID SEBASTES-ENTOMELAS; WIDOW ROCKFISH; ABUNDANCE; GULF AB In 1998 echograms were recorded during individual bottom trawl hauls conducted in a study of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) survey methods. Categorization criteria were developed on a subset of the echogram data based on signal patterns, shapes, and color. Blind tests were then conducted by individual scientists on a subset of hauls. Between-scientist agreement of high and low categories of rockfish abundance varied from 76% to 87%. Data were collected again in 1999 and categorized using the same criteria. Onboard scientists agreed with categorizations done by a shoreside scientist 65% of the time. The mean catch rate for hauls in the low echogram category was always lower than mean catch rate for the high category and statistically significant in all but one haul. Variance estimates that would result from simple double sampling using the echogram categorizations as strata definitions were predicted using the observed within-category variances at various levels of first stage (echosounder) sampling. Echosounder samples are considerably less expensive in time and cost than trawl sampling, and when 10 times as many echosounder samples were taken to stratify the trawl samples, variance improved 18-37% compared to simple random sampling, depending on the data set and the categorizer. if trawl hauls were allocated optimally, the improvement increased to 44-60% over simple random sampling. To match the variance obtained by double sampling with echosounder primary sampling, the number of random trawl hauls would have to be increased 1.8-2.5 fold depending on data set and categorizer. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fujioka, JT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 473 EP 492 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500026 ER PT B AU Hanselman, D Spencer, P Shotwell, K Reuter, R AF Hanselman, Dana Spencer, Paul Shotwell, Kalei Reuter, Rebecca BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI Localized depletion of three Alaska rockfish species SO Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH; SEBASTES-ALUTUS AB The distributions of some rockfish species in Alaska are clustered. Their distribution and relatively sedentary movement patterns could make localized depletion of rockfish an ecological or conservation concern. Alaska rockfish have varying and little-known genetic stock structures. Rockfish fishing seasons are short and intense and usually confined to small areas. If allowable catches are set for large management areas, the genetic, age, and size structures of the population could change if the majority of catch is harvested from small concentrated areas. In this study, we analyzed data collected by the North Pacific Observer Program from 1991 to 2004 to assess localized depletion of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), northern rockfish (S. polyspinis), and dusky rockfish (S. variabilis). The data were divided into blocks with areas of approximately 10,000 km(2) and 5,000 km(2) Of consistent, intense fishing. We used two different block sizes to consider the size for which localized depletion could be detected. For each year, the Leslie depletion estimator was used to determine whether catch -per-unit-effort (CPUE) values in each block declined as a function of cumulative catch. We examined trends in CPUE over time using NMFS survey data for depleted areas. The results showed significant depletions among all species in several areas and years. Pacific ocean perch exhibited localized depletion most often, but not continuing into the next year, possibly indicating more migration than expected. Northern and dusky rockfish showed depletions less often, and occasional significant increases also occurred. Northern rockfish showed significant longer-term fishery depletion in one area. Results could be affected by hyperstability, migration, or target switching. The importance of the results depends on genetic stock structure, and importance of an area for reproductive success. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hanselman, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 493 EP 511 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500027 ER PT B AU Spencer, P Hanselman, D Dorn, M AF Spencer, Paul Hanselman, Dana Dorn, Martin BE Heifetz, J Dicosimo, J Gharrett, AJ Love, MS OConnell, VM Stanley, RD TI The effect of maternal age of spawning on estimation of F-msy for Alaska Pacific ocean perch SO Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes SE LOWELL WAKEFIELD FISHERIES SYMPOSIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium on Biology, Assessment, and Management of North Pacific Rockfishes CY SEP 13-15, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Alaska Sea Grant Coll Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Univ Alaska Fairbanks ID FISH POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; RECRUITMENT; ROCKFISH; STOCKS; EXPLOITATION; ADVICE; RATES AB Recent laboratory research suggests that rockfish larval survival rates increase with the age of the spawner, thus potentially necessitating more conservative harvest policies that explicitly consider the age structure of the spawning stock biomass. In this study, we use simple deterministic population dynamic eqqations to examine the effect of reduced survival of larvae from younger females on commonly used fishing rate reference points such as F-msy and F-xx% the fishing rates corresponding to the maximum sustained yield and conservation of xx% of the reproductive potential per recruit relative to an unfished population, respectively. Reduced survival of larvae from younger females results in reduced reproductive potential per recruit for a given level of fishing mortality and also increased estimated resiliency, which results from the estimated recruitments being associated with a reduced measure of reproductive potential. For Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska Pacific ocean perch, these two effects nearly counteract each other, producing F-msy estimates that were relatively insensitive but decreased slightly as maternal effects were considered. Estimates of F-xx% rates that correspond to F-msy proxies are more conservative (i.e., correspond to reduced fishing intensity) when uncertainty in the degree to which maternal age affects reproductive potential is considered, as compared to analyses using spawning stock biomass as reproductive potential. These results indicate that estimated stock resiliency is not necessarily independent of the life-history parameters describing production of reproductive potential. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA USA. RP Spencer, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM PI FAIRBANKS PA UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS PO BOX 755040, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775-5040 USA BN 978-1-56612-114-9 J9 LOW WAKE FI PY 2007 VL 23 BP 513 EP 533 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Limnology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BGO07 UT WOS:000248909500028 ER PT S AU Dennis, T Dyer, SD Dienstfrey, A AF Dennis, Tasshi Dyer, Shellee D. Dienstfrey, Andrew BE Wax, A Backman, V TI Phase-dispersion light scattering for quantitative size-imaging of spherical scatterers - art. no. 644609 SO Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE dispersion; group delay; Mie scattering; optical coherence tomography; phase; spectral domain ID LOW-COHERENCE INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; TOMOGRAPHY AB Using phase-dispersion spectra measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the frequency domain, we demonstrated the quantitative sizing of multiple spherical scatterers on a surface. We modeled the light scattering as a slab-mode resonance and determined the size of the scatterers from a Fourier transform of the measured phase-dispersion spectra. Using a swept-source OCT system, we mapped the detected size of the scatters to the intensity of a two-dimensional surface image. The image was formed by raster-scanning a collimated beam of 200 mu m diameter across a sample with distinct size domains. The image shows a clear distinction between deposited polystyrene microspheres of 26 and 15 mu m average sizes. In a separate experiment, we demonstrated tissue-relevant sizing of scatters as small as 5 mu m with a Fourier domain OCT system that utilized 280 mu m of bandwidth from a super-continuum source. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the light scattered from a single sphere is, in general, non-minimum-phase; therefore, phase spectra can provide unique information about scattered light not available from intensity spectra alone. Also, measurements of phase spectra do not require background normalization to correct for the spectral shape of light sources or the spectral absorption of specimens. The results we report here continue our efforts towards combining intensity and phase spectra to enable improved quantitative analysis of complex tissue structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6559-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6446 BP 44609 EP 44609 AR 644609 DI 10.1117/12.699244 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGF76 UT WOS:000246495000007 ER PT S AU Dyer, SD Street, LK Etzel, SM Dennis, T Dienstfrey, A Tsvanki, V Tan, W AF Dyer, Shellee D. Street, Lara K. Etzel, Shelley M. Dennis, Tasshi Dienstfrey, Andrew Tsvanki, Vadim Tan, Wei BE Wax, A Backman, V TI Characterization of cell samples from measurements of spectroscopic scattering phase-dispersion - art. no. 64460V SO Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering CY JAN 20-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE dispersion; interferometry; optical coherence tomography; phase measurement; scattering measurements ID LOW-COHERENCE INTERFEROMETRY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TOMOGRAPHY AB We present spectroscopic swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of the phase-dispersion of cell samples. We have previously demonstrated that the phase of the scattered field is, in general, independent of the intensity. and both must be measured for a complete characterization of the sample. In this paper, we show that, in addition to providing a measurement of the size of the cell nuclei. the phase spectrum provides a very sensitive indication of the separations between the cells. Epithelial cancers are characterized by many factors, including enlarged nuclei and a significant loss in the architectural orientation of the cells. Therefore, an in vivo diagnostic tool that analyzes multiple properties of the sample instead of focusing on cellular nuclei sizes alone could provide a better assessment of tissue health. We show that the phase spectrum of the scattered light appears to be more sensitive to cell spacing than the intensity spectrum. It is possible to determine simultaneously the cell nuclei sizes from the intensity spectrum and the nuclei spacing from the phase spectrum. We measure cell monolayer samples with high and low cell density and compare measured results with histograms of the cell separations calculated from microscope images of the samples. We show qualitative agreement between the predicted histograms and the interferometric results. C1 NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Mailstop 815-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6559-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6446 BP V4460 EP V4460 AR 64460V DI 10.1117/12.701239 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGF76 UT WOS:000246495000019 ER PT S AU Wu, JC Garris, MD AF Wu, Jin Chu Garris, Michael D. BE Prabhakar, S Ross, AA TI Nonparametric statistical data analysis of fingerprint minutiae exchange with two-finger fusion - art. no. 65390N SO Biometric Technology for Human Identification IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biometric Technology for Human Identification IV CY APR 09-10, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE bootstrap; fingerprint matching; inferential; interoperability; minutiae exchange; nonparametric; significance test; standard templates; statistical data analysis AB A nonparametric inferential statistical data analysis is presented. The utility of this method is demonstrated through analyzing results from minutiae exchange with two-finger fusion. The analysis focused on high-accuracy vendors and two modes of matching standard fingerprint templates: 1) Native Matching - where the same vendor generates the templates and the matcher, and 2) Scenario 1 Interoperability - where vendor A's enrollment template is matched to vendor B's authentication template using vendor B's matcher. The purpose of this analysis is to make inferences about the underlying population from sample data, which provide insights at an aggregate level. This is very different from the data analysis presented in the MINEX04 report in which vendors are individually ranked and compared. Using the nonparametnic bootstrap bias-corrected and accelerated (BC,) method, 95% confidence intervals are computed for each mean error rate. Nonparametric significance tests are then applied to further determine if the difference between two underlying populations is real or by chance with a certain probability. Results from this method show that at a greater-than-95 % confidence level there is a significant degradation in accuracy of Scenario I Interoperability with respect to Native Matching. The difference of error rates can reach on average a two-fold increase in False Non-Match Rate. Additionally, it is proved why two-finger fusion using the sum rule is more accurate than single-finger matching under the same conditions. Results of a simulation are also presented to show the significance of the confidence intervals derived from the small size of samples, such as six error rates in some of our cases. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6661-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6539 BP N5390 EP N5390 AR 65390N DI 10.1117/12.720026 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGJ51 UT WOS:000247630300022 ER PT J AU Doxastakis, M Sakai, VG Ohtake, S Maranas, JK de Pablo, JJ AF Doxastakis, M. Sakai, V. Garcia Ohtake, S. Maranas, J. K. de Pablo, J. J. TI A molecular view of melting in anhydrous phospholipidic membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; LIPID-BILAYER; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; CHOLESTEROL; TREHALOSE; ALKANES AB A high-flux backscattering spectrometer and a time-of-flight disk chopper spectrometer are used to probe the molecular mobility of model freeze-dried phospholipid liposomes at a range of temperatures surrounding the main melting transition. Using specific deuteration, quasielastic neutron scattering provides evidence that, in contrast to the hydrocarbon chains, the headgroups of the phospholipid molecules do not exhibit a sharp melting transition. The onset of motion in the tails is located at temperatures far below the calorimetric transition. Long-range motion is achieved through the onset of whole-lipid translation at the melting temperature. Atomistic simulations are performed on a multibilayer model at conditions corresponding to the scattering experiments. The model provides a good description of the dynamics of the system, with predictions of the scattering functions that agree with experimental results. The analysis of both experimental data and results of simulations supports a picture of a gradual melting of the heterogeneous hydrophobic domain, with part of the chains spanning increasingly larger volumes and part of them remaining effectively immobile until the thermodynamic phase transition occurs. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP de Pablo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM depablo@engr.wisc.edu OI Doxastakis, Manolis/0000-0002-9175-9906; Garcia Sakai, Victoria/0000-0001-6570-4218 NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 92 IS 1 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.089631 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 115SO UT WOS:000242754300020 PM 17159004 ER PT J AU Esenturk, E Yim, P Hwang, J Walker, AH AF Esenturk, Emren Yim, Peter Hwang, Jeeseong Walker, Angela Hight TI Assembly and characterization of nanocomplexes: Quantum dot encapsulated liposomes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 6A EP 6A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400027 ER PT J AU Stanley, CB Krueger, S Parsegian, VA Rau, DC AF Stanley, Christopher B. Krueger, Susan Parsegian, V. Adrian Rau, Donald C. TI Structural changes in guanylate kinase studied by neutron scattering and osmotic stress SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NICHD, Natl Inst Hlth, Lab Phys & Structural Biol, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 36A EP 36A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400160 ER PT J AU Kuzmanovic, D Elashvili, I Wick, C O'Connell, C Krueger, S AF Kuzmanovic, Deborah Elashvili, Ilya Wick, Charles O'Connell, Catherine Krueger, Susan TI The MS2 coat protein shell is likely assembled under tension: A novel role for the MS2 bacteriophage a protein as revealed by small angle neutron scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, ECBC, Edgewood, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 50A EP 50A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400227 ER PT J AU Pencer, J Nieh, MP Harroun, TA Krueger, S Adams, CP Katsaras, J AF Pencer, Jeremy Nieh, Mu-Ping Harroun, Thad A. Krueger, Susan Adams, Carl P. Katsaras, John TI Bilayer thickness and thermal response of DMPC unilamellar vesicles containing cholesterol, ergosterol and lanosterol SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON, Canada. Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Dept Phys, St Francis Xavier, NS, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 57A EP 58A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400265 ER PT J AU Schultz, ZD Crane, NJ Levin, IW AF Schultz, Zachary D. Crane, Nicole J. Levin, Ira W. TI Vibrational infrared spectroscopic studies of model biomembranes: Characterization of lipid raft formation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIDDK, Natl Inst Hlth, Phys Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Schultz, Zachary/L-5724-2013 OI Schultz, Zachary/0000-0003-1741-8801 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 60A EP 60A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400277 ER PT J AU McGillivray, DJ Heinrich, F Ignatiev, I Vanderah, DJ Kasianowicz, JJ Valincius, G Loesche, M AF McGillivray, Duncan J. Heinrich, Frank Ignatiev, Ilja Vanderah, David J. Kasianowicz, John J. Valincius, Gintaras Loesche, Mathias TI Functional toxin pores in tethered bilayers: Membrane association of hemolysin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, CNBT, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Biochem, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius Gedimino Tech Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. NIST, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 66A EP 66A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400309 ER PT J AU Ferguson, ML Prasad, K Boukari, H Sackett, DL Krueger, S Lafer, EM Nossal, R AF Ferguson, Matthew. L. Prasad, Kondury Boukari, Hacene Sackett, Dan L. Krueger, Susan Lafer, Eileen M. Nossal, Ralph TI Small angle neutron scattering studies of clathrin triskelia in solution show evidence of molecular flexibility SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIH, NICHHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 84A EP 84A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400389 ER PT J AU Balu, R Siegrist, K Plusquellic, D Heilweil, E Gregurick, SK AF Balu, Radhakrishnan Siegrist, Karen Plusquellic, David Heilweil, Edwin Gregurick, Susan K. TI Vibrational anharmonic coupling in bio-organic crystals SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 160A EP 160A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400741 ER PT J AU Giulian, G Marino, J AF Giulian, Gary Marino, John TI Dodecyl sulfate (DS) aligned inside shortened double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 CARB, Rockville, MD USA. NIST, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 161A EP 161A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400748 ER PT J AU Seol, Y Li, JY Nelson, P Perkins, TT Betterton, MD AF Seol, Yeonee Li, Jinyu Nelson, Phil Perkins, Thomas T. Betterton, Meredith D. TI Elasticity of short DNA molecules: Quantitative agreement between theory and experiment SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Nelson, Philip/I-6251-2015 OI Nelson, Philip/0000-0002-1782-3076 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 165A EP 165A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400770 ER PT J AU Greene, ME Lowman, GM Anand, SP Zheng, H Khan, S Leuba, S Goldner, LS AF Greene, Mark E. Lowman, Geoffrey M. Anand, Syana P. Zheng, Haocheng Khan, Saleem Leuba, Sanford Goldner, Lori S. TI Mixing RecA, PcrA, and DNA using aqueous droplets to monitor biochemistry with single molecule fluorescence SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 168A EP 168A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972400783 ER PT J AU Krepkiy, D Mihailescu, E Gawrisch, K Swartz, KJ AF Krepkiy, Dmitriy Mihailescu, Ella Gawrisch, Klaus Swartz, Kenton J. TI Influence of a potassium channel voltage sensor toxin on the structure of lipid membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NINDS, NIH, Mol Physiol & Biophys Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIAAA, NIH, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NMR Sect, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 295A EP 295A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972401578 ER PT J AU Milhiet, E Nutarelli, D Loumaigne, M Hight Walker, AR Dbarre, A Tchnio, P AF Milhiet, Elodie Nutarelli, Daniele Loumaigne, Matthieu Hight Walker, Angela R. Dbarre, Anne Tchnio, Paul TI FCS determined binding kinetics of Oregon green BAPTA 5N to calcium SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 CNRS, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 324A EP 324A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402064 ER PT J AU Kang, H Maye, M Nykypanchuk, D Clarke, M Yim, P Briggman, K Gang, O Hwang, J AF Kang, Hyeonggon Maye, Mathew Nykypanchuk, Dmytro Clarke, Matthew Yim, Peter Briggman, Kimberly Gang, Oleg Hwang, Jeeseong TI Optical properties of single DNA-conjugated quantum dots by single molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 337A EP 337A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402127 ER PT J AU Jofre, AM Lowman, GM Greene, ME Tang, JY Kishore, R Helmerson, K Goldner, LS AF Jofre, Ana M. Lowman, Geoffrey M. Greene, Mark E. Tang, Jianyong Kishore, Rani Helmerson, Kristian Goldner, Lori S. TI Rotational and diffusional dynamics of fluorescent protein inside femtoliter aqueous droplets. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 370A EP 370A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402281 ER PT J AU Schwalbach, E Nanda, H Curtis, JE Krueger, S AF Schwalbach, Edwin Nanda, Hirsh Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan TI Nanosecond relaxation dynamics of hydrated DMPC bilayers: A combined neutron backscattering and molecular dynamics simulation study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Schwalbach, Edwin/A-9678-2009 OI Schwalbach, Edwin/0000-0003-0966-245X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 421A EP 421A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972402535 ER PT J AU Amyot, F Small, A Boukari, H Plant, A McDaniel, D Gandjbakhche, A AF Amyot, Franck Small, Alex Boukari, Hacene Plant, Anne McDaniel, Denis Gandjbakhche, Amir TI Quantitative assay to study cell motility on collagen film SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 484A EP 484A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972403108 ER PT J AU Nanda, H Krueger, S Curtis, JE AF Nanda, Hirsh Krueger, Susan Curtis, Joseph E. TI An investigation into the dynamic behavior of coarse grain models for lipid bilayer systems SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 572A EP 572A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404155 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Kim, H Murton, J Satija, S McGillivray, D Majkrzak, C Heinrich, F Majewski, J Loesche, M AF Kent, Michael S. Kim, Hyun Murton, Jaclyn Satija, Sushil McGillivray, Duncan Majkrzak, Charles Heinrich, Frank Majewski, Jaroslaw Loesche, Mattias TI pH-dependent conformational changes and insertion of diphtheria toxin adsorbed to lipid membranes by neutron and X-ray reflection SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 587A EP 587A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404224 ER PT J AU Chan, ER Nablo, B Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Chan, Elaine R. Nablo, Brian Stanford, Vincent M. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Electrophysiological properties of the Bacillus anthracis PA63 ion channel SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect Elect Engn Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 614A EP 614A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404350 ER PT J AU Nablo, BJ Misakian, M Rubinson, K Kasianowicz, JJ AF Nablo, Brian J. Misakian, Martin Rubinson, Ken Kasianowicz, John J. TI Measuring the anthrax pore diameter through molecular sizing with non-electrolytic polymers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 615A EP 615A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404354 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Rodrigues, CC Krasilnikov, OV Stanford, VM Rubinson, KA Kasianowicz, JJ AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Rodrigues, Claudio C. Krasilnikov, Oleg V. Stanford, Vincent M. Rubinson, Kenneth A. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Single molecule mass discrimination in solution using a solitary nanopore SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Electr Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Biophys & Radiobiol, Lab Membranes Biophys, Recife, PE, Brazil. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 653A EP 653A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404533 ER PT J AU Lowman, GM Jofre, AM Greene, ME Tang, JY Marino, JP Helmerson, K Goldner, LS AF Lowman, Geoffrey M. Jofre, Ana M. Greene, Mark E. Tang, Jianyong Marino, John P. Helmerson, Kristian Goldner, Lori S. TI Single molecule FRET: Comparing surface immobilization and hydrosome encapsulation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Adv Technol Res Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 655A EP 656A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404547 ER PT J AU Tang, M Jofre, A Lowman, GM Greene, ME Reiner, JE Kishore, RB Helmerson, K Goldner, LS AF Tang, Manyong Jofre, Ana Lowman, Geoffrey M. Greene, Mark E. Reiner, Joseph E. Kishore, Ram B. Helmerson, Kristian Goldner, Lori S. TI An attoliter injector for nanochernistry and single molecule biochemistry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 03-07, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP 655A EP 655A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 132WA UT WOS:000243972404543 ER PT J AU Jurado, JL Hitchcock, GL Ortner, PB AF Jurado, Jennifer L. Hitchcock, Gary L. Ortner, Peter B. TI Seasonal variability in nutrient and phytoplankton distributions on the southwest Florida inner shelf SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BIOGENIC SILICA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; MARINE DIATOMS; STANDING CROP; BAY; PLUME; PHOSPHORUS AB Surface nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass were monitored on the southwest Florida inner shelf during 2 yrs of contrasting rainfall (1999-2000) to assess potential linkages between freshwater discharge and surface phytoplankton communities. A diatom bloom began between April and June each year near Cape Sable during the period of peak freshwater discharge and maximum annual nutrient flux from the Shark River watershed. The bloom began as netplankton biomass (> 5 mu m size-fraction Chl a) and increased following an increase in discharge from the Shark River. Maximum phytoplankton biomass occurred in October when Rhizolosenia spp. dominated the netplankton community, and the annual maximum occurred in biogenic silica (BSiO2)concentrations, at 10 and 20 mu mol L-1 in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Results suggest riverine discharge onto the SW Florida inner shelf is an important nutrient source that influences the timing and distribution of annual diatom blooms. Although particulate matter composition suggests nitrogen potentially limits phytoplankton biomass during most of the year, the diatom community may be limited by silicon availability at bloom termination. C1 Dept Planning & Environm Protect, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Jurado, JL (reprint author), Dept Planning & Environm Protect, 218 SW 1st Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. EM jjurado@broward.org NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 21 EP 43 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151NE UT WOS:000245296500002 ER PT J AU Marancik, KE Hare, JA AF Marancik, Katrin E. Hare, Jonathan A. TI Large scale patterns in fish trophodynamics of estuarine and shelf habitats of the southeast United States SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; STOMACH CONTENTS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; GUILD STRUCTURE; TROPHIC GUILDS; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITY; FOOD; PISCES AB To describe the trophic structure of fishes on the southeast United States estuarine and shelf systems, published gut content data for 60 predator species were synthesized. Cluster analysis and correspondence analysis were used to define fish trophic guilds. On the shelf, three trophic guilds were defined: piscivores, carnivores (majority of diet consisting of fish and crustaceans), and browsers of attached invertebrate prey. In the estuary, six trophic guilds were defined: planktivores, carnivores that consumed mostly fish and crustaceans, a transitional Sciaenops ocellatus (Linneaus, 1766) group between the planktivorous larvae and carnivorous juveniles of the species, benthic invertebrate consumers from seagrass habitats, cnidarian and benthic invertebrate consumers, and benthic invertebrate consumers from non-seagrass habitats. In summary, the diets of most fish species were broad and not easily classified, with guild assignment largely defined by the inclusion of fish in the diet, location of prey (benthic vs pelagic), and mobility of prey (sessile vs mobile). Using trophic gradients instead of discrete guilds in the definition of trophic structure and improving diet data from which these gradients are derived will provide a better foundation for ecosystem-based approaches to management. C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Marancik, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM katey.marancik@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 67 EP 91 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151NE UT WOS:000245296500004 ER PT J AU Lee, TF Miller, SD Turk, FJ Hawkins, JD Wang, S Dills, P Hoffman, C McWilliams, G Mineart, G Jelenak, Z AF Lee, Thomas F. Miller, Steven D. Turk, F. Joseph Hawkins, Jeffrey D. Wang, Sherwood Dills, Patrick Hoffman, Carl McWilliams, Gary Mineart, Gary Jelenak, Zorana TI Npoess online satellite training for users SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY; SENSOR C1 USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. COMET, Boulder, CO USA. NPOESS Integrated Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. NESDIS, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Lee, TF (reprint author), 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM Thomas.lee@nrimry.navy.mil RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-1-13 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137NC UT WOS:000244298300006 ER PT J AU Ebert, EE Janowiak, JE Kidd, C AF Ebert, Elizabeth E. Janowiak, John E. Kidd, Chris TI Comparison of near-real-time precipitation estimates from satellite observations and numerical models SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL ALGORITHM; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; RADAR; COMBINATION; PERFORMANCE AB The accuracy of daily rainfall estimates from satellite observations and short-range numerical model forecasts is complementary, with satellite estimates performing best in summer and models in winter. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Birmingham, Sche Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Ebert, EE (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPOB 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM e.ebert@bom.gov.au RI Kidd, Christopher/H-9910-2014 NR 42 TC 399 Z9 419 U1 8 U2 61 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 47 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-1-47 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137NC UT WOS:000244298300016 ER PT J AU Geist, EL Titov, VV Arcas, D Pollitz, FF Bilek, SL AF Geist, Eric L. Titov, Vasily V. Arcas, Diego Pollitz, Fred F. Bilek, Susan L. TI Implications of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on tsunami forecast and assessment models for great subduction-zone earthquakes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review ID INDIAN-OCEAN-TSUNAMI; OBLIQUE PLATE CONVERGENCE; TOKACHI-OKI EARTHQUAKE; OMEGA-SQUARE MODEL; SOURCE PARAMETERS; WAVE-FORMS; RUPTURE PROCESS; COSEISMIC SLIP; LOCAL TSUNAMIS; FIELD SURVEY AB Results from different tsunami forecasting and hazard assessment models are compared with observed tsunami wave heights from the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Forecast models are based on initial earthquake information and are used to estimate tsunami wave heights during propagation. An empirical forecast relationship based only on seismic moment provides a close estimate to the observed mean regional and maximum local tsunami runup heights for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami but underestimates mean regional tsunami heights at azimuths in line with the tsunami beaming pattern (e.g., Sri Lanka, Thailand). Standard forecast models developed from Subfault discretization of earthquake rupture, in which deepocean sea level observations are used to constrain slip, are also tested. Forecast models of this type use tsunami time-series measurements at points in the deep ocean. As a proxy for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a transect of deep-ocean tsunami amplitudes recorded by satellite altimetry is used to constrain slip along four subfaults of the M > 9 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. This proxy model performs well in comparison to observed tsunami wave heights, travel times, and inundation patterns at Banda Aceh. Hypothetical tsunami hazard assessments models based on end-member estimates for average slip and rupture length (M-w 9.0-9.3) are compared with tsunami observations. Using average slip (low end member) and rupture length (high end member) (M-w 9.14) consistent with many seismic, geodetic, and tsunami inversions adequately estimates tsunami runup in most regions, except the extreme runup in the western Aceh province. The high slip that occurred in the southern part of the rupture zone I inked to runup in this location is a larger fluctuation than expected from standard stochastic slip models. In addition, excess moment release (similar to 9%) deduced from geodetic studies in comparison to seismic moment estimates may generate additional tsunami energy, if the exponential time constant of slip Is less than approximately 1 hr. Overall, there is significant variation in assessed runup heights caused by quantifiable uncertainty in both first-order source parameters (e.g., rupture length, slip-length scaling) and spatiotemporal complexity of earthquake rupture. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Geist, EL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM egeist@usgs.gov OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 176 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1 SU S BP S249 EP S270 DI 10.1785/0120050619 PN A PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 126JO UT WOS:000243509400019 ER PT J AU Danil, K Chivers, SJ AF Danil, K. Chivers, S. J. TI Growth and reproduction of female short-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, in the eastern tropical Pacific SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID STENELLA-ATTENUATA; SEXUAL MATURITY; SPOTTED DOLPHIN; LIFE-HISTORY; AGE; TUNA; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; HABITATS; PORPOISE AB We characterize the life-history strategy of female short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis L., 1758) inhabiting the eastern tropical Pacific by estimating several growth and reproductive parameters. Reproductive condition (n = 700) and age (n = 405) were determined for animals sampled from those incidentally killed in the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares (Bormaterre, 1788)) purse-seine fishery between 1975 and 1993. Females averaged 160.4 cm at age 2 years, 186.5 cm at attainment of sexual maturity, and 197.2 cm at asymptotic length. The estimated age at attainment of sexual maturity was 7.9 years and the oldest animal in the study was 25 years. Calving occurred throughout the year, with females producing a calf approximately every 2.1 years after a gestation period of approximately 11.4 months, an average lactation period of 16.5 months, and an average resting period of 2.8 months. A relatively high percentage (30.4%) of lactating females were simultaneously pregnant, which effectively shortens the average calving interval. No clear evidence of senescence was found. Estimated lengths at birth, 2 years of age, attainment of sexual maturity, and maximum size were greater than those reported for the temperate North Pacific population, indicating that large-scale geographic variation in life history occurs for this species, which likely reflects population-specific adaptations to the tropical and temperate habitats that they occupy. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Danil, K (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kerri.Danil@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 85 IS 1 BP 108 EP 121 DI 10.1139/Z06-188 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 149WK UT WOS:000245177400013 ER PT J AU Dakubo, GD Jakupciak, JP Birch-Machin, MA Parr, RL AF Dakubo, Gabriel D. Jakupciak, John P. Birch-Machin, Mark A. Parr, Ryan L. TI Clinical implications and utility of field cancerization SO CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review AB Cancer begins with multiple cumulative epigenetic and genetic alterations that sequencially transform a cell, or a group of cells in a particular organ. The early genetic events might lead to clonal expansion of pre-neoplastic daughter cells in a particular tumor field. Subsequent genomic changes in some of these cells drive them towards the malignant phenotype. These transformed cells are diagnosed histopathologically as cancers owing to changes in cell morphology. Conceivably, a population of daughter cells with early genetic changes (without histopathology) remain in the organ, demonstrating the concept of field cancerization. With present technological advancement, including laser capture microdisection and high-throughput genomic technologies, carefully designed studies using appropriate control tissue will enable identification of important molecular signatures in these genetically transformed but histologically normal cells. Such tumor-specific biomarkers should have excellent clinical utility. This review examines the concept of field cancerization in several cancers and its possible utility in four areas of oncology; risk assessment, early cancer detection, monitoring of tumor progression and definition of tumor margins. C1 [Dakubo, Gabriel D.; Parr, Ryan L.] Genesis Genom Inc, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5Z5, Canada. [Jakupciak, John P.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Birch-Machin, Mark A.] Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Dakubo, GD (reprint author), Genesis Genom Inc, 310-1294 Balmoral St, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5Z5, Canada. EM gabriel.dakubo@genesisgenomics.com; john.jakupciak@nist.gov; M.A.Birch-Machin@newcastle.ac.uk; ryan.parr@genesisgenomics.com NR 101 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2867 J9 CANCER CELL INT JI Cancer Cell Int. PY 2007 VL 7 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1475-2867-7-2 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V24IW UT WOS:000208405100002 PM 17362521 ER PT J AU Hill, SL Reid, K Thorpe, SE Hinke, J Watters, GM AF Hill, S. L. Reid, K. Thorpe, S. E. Hinke, J. Watters, G. M. TI A compilation of parameters for ecosystem dynamics models of the Scotia Sea-Antarctic Peninsula region SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE small-scale management unit; Scotia Sea; krill-predator-fishery model; life history; krill consumption; ecosystem model; CCAMLR ID SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; FUR SEALS; KRILL; POPULATION; OCEAN; PENGUINS; BIOMASS AB Expansion of the krill fishery in. the Scotia Sea-Antarctic Peninsula region beyond the current operational catch limit requires the development and assessment of methods for subdividing the precautionary catch limit amongst smaller spatial units. This paper compiles parameters for use in the ecosystem dynamic models that are needed to assess these methods. These parameters include life history and krill consumption parameters for the fish, whale, penguin and seal species that feed on krill in this region. Maximum krill transport rates are also derived from the OCCAM global ocean circulation model. This parameter set, like most others, is associated with considerable uncertainty, which must be taken into account when it is used. The sources, assumptions and calculations at every stage of the compilation process are therefore detailed, and plausible limits for parameter values are provided where possible. The results suggest that fish are the major krill consumers in all SSMUs, with perciform fish taking as much krill as whales, penguins and fur seals combined and myctophid fish taking double that amount. However, estimates of krill consumption per unit predator biomass suggest that this is an order of magnitude higher in penguins and seals than in whales and fish. C1 British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Hill, SL (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM sih@bas.ac.uk RI Simeon, Hill/B-2307-2008 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2007 VL 14 BP 1 EP 25 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 232TV UT WOS:000251043400001 ER PT B AU Hu, VC Ferraiolo, DF Scarfone, K AF Hu, Vincent C. Ferraiolo, David F. Scarfone, Karen BE Schulze, B Buyya, R Navaux, P Cirne, W Rebello, V TI Access control policy combinations for the grid using the policy machine SO CCGRID 2007: SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE, Google, IBM, SUN Microsyst, NEC, sgi Innovat Results, CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, BNDES, Minist Ciencia Tecnol, BRASIL, Minist Desenvolvimento Ind Comercio Exterior, hp, Microsoft AB Many researchers have tackled the architecture and requirements aspects of grid security, concentrating on the authentication or authorization mediation instead of authorization techniques, especially the topic of policy combination. Policy combination is an essential requirement of grid, not only because of the required remote (or global) vs. local interaction between grid members, but also the dynamic scalability nature of handling the joining and leaving of grid membership. However, evolving from the general security requirements of grid, the independency of a grid member's access control system is critical and needs to be maintained when the access decision is determined by the combination of global and local access control policies. The Policy Machine (PM) provides features which not only can meet the significant independency requirement but also have better performance, easier management, and more straightforward policy expression than most of the popular policy combination techniques for grid. C1 [Hu, Vincent C.; Ferraiolo, David F.; Scarfone, Karen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, VC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vhu@nist.gov; dferraiolo@nist.gov; karen.scarfone@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2833-5 PY 2007 BP 225 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGH61 UT WOS:000247002000026 ER PT J AU Sun, ZH Garboczi, EJ Shah, SP AF Sun, Zhihui Garboczi, Edward J. Shah, Surendra P. TI Modeling the elastic properties of concrete composites: Experiment, differential effective medium theory, and numerical simulation SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE microstructure; interfacial transition zone; numerical simulation; differential effective medium theory; dynamic elastic moduli ID INTERFACIAL TRANSITION ZONE; PORTLAND-CEMENT HYDRATION; ENTRAINED AIR VOIDS; EFFECTIVE MODULI; RATIO GRADIENTS; BULK MODULUS; WIDE-RANGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MORTAR; PASTE AB Concrete is a mixture of cement, water and aggregates. In terms of microstructure, besides the cement paste matrix and aggregate inclusions, there is a third phase, which is called the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which forms due to the wall effect and can be thought of as a thin shell that randomly forms around each aggregate. Thus, concrete can be viewed as a bulk paste matrix containing composite inclusions. To compute the elastic properties of a concrete composite, a differential effective medium theory (D-EMT) is used in this study by assigning elastic moduli to corresponding bulk paste matrix, ITZ and aggregate. In this special D-EMT, each aggregate particle, surrounded by a shell of ITZ of uniform thickness and properties, is mapped onto an effective particle with uniform elastic moduli. The resulting simpler composite, with a bulk paste matrix, is then treated by the usual D-EMT. This study shows that to assure the accuracy of the D-EMT calculation, it is important to consider the increase in the water:cement mass ratio (w/c) of the ITZ and the corresponding decrease in w/c ratio of the bulk matrix. Because of this difference in w/c ratio, the contrast of elastic moduli between the ITZ and the bulk paste matrix needs to be considered as a function of hydration age. The Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) cement hydration module is used to simulate the microstructure of cement paste both inside and outside the ITZ. The redistribution of calcium hydroxide between ITZ and bulk paste regions can further affect the elastic contrast between ITZ and bulk paste. The elastic properties of these two regions are computed with a finite element technique and used as input into the D-EMT calculation. The D-EMT predictions of the elastic properties of concrete composites are compared with the results measured directly with a resonant frequency method on corresponding composites. This comparison shows that the D-EMT predictions agree well with experimental measurements of the elastic properties of a variety of concrete mixtures. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Louisville, KY 40217 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ctr Adv Cement Based Mat, Evanston, IL USA. RP Sun, ZH (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Louisville, KY 40217 USA. EM z.sun@louisville.edu RI Shah, Surendra/B-7102-2009 NR 74 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 22 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.07.020 PG 17 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 114DH UT WOS:000242646400004 ER PT J AU Beekman, M Kaduk, JA Huang, Q Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z Wang, DL Nolas, GS AF Beekman, Matt Kaduk, James A. Huang, Qing Wong-Ng, Winnie Yang, Zhi Wang, Dongli Nolas, George S. TI Synthesis and crystal structure of Na1-xGe3+z : a novel zeolite-like framework phase in the Na-Ge system SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ALKALIMETALLE ZU HALBMETALLEN; DAS VERHALTEN; CLATHRATE; GERMANIUM; COMPOUND; SILICON; SODIUM AB A novel crystalline binary phase is reported in the Na-Ge system, with an entirely new, zeolite-like crystal structure solved and refined by the combination of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction techniques. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. INEOS Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nolas, GS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM james.kaduk@innovene.com; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; gnolas@cas.usf.edu RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 8 BP 837 EP 839 DI 10.1039/b614048c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 136VQ UT WOS:000244252600017 PM 17308648 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE AF Wallace, William E. TI Reactive MALDI mass spectrometry: application to high mass alkanes and polyethylene SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; H BOND ACTIVATION; SATURATED-HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; CLUSTER COMPLEXES; FIELD DESORPTION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; SIMPLE ALKENES; GAS-PHASE; CYCLOPENTADIENYL AB A molecular solid of fullerene (C-60) intercalated with cobalt cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyl (CoCp(CO)(2)) was shown to be an effective matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) of large alkanes (demonstrated up to C94H190) and polyethylenes that otherwise cannot be produced as intact ions in the gas phase. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM William.Wallace@nist.gov NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2007 IS 43 BP 4525 EP 4527 DI 10.1039/b711932a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226KV UT WOS:000250588900027 PM 17971977 ER PT J AU Blas, JR Lopez-Bes, JM Marquez, M Sessler, JL Luque, FJ Orozco, M AF Ramon Blas, J. Maria Lopez-Bes, Jose Marquez, Manuel Sessler, Jonathan L. Javier Luque, F. Orozco, Modesto TI Exploring the dynamics of calix[4]pyrrole: Effect of solvent and fluorine substitution SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE calixpyrroles; molecular dynamics; receptors; solvent effects; substituent effects ID ANION-BINDING PROPERTIES; HOST-GUEST CHEMISTRY; X-RAY STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONFORMATIONAL FEATURES; INTERACTION POTENTIALS; RECEPTOR MODELS; RECOGNITION; CALIXPYRROLES; CALIX<4>PYRROLES AB Molecular dynamics simulations show that calix[4]pyrrole (CP) and octafluorocalix[4]pyrrole (8F-CP) are extremely flexible molecules. CP mainly adopts the 1,3-alternate conformation in all the solvents, although the percentage of alternative conformations increases in polar solvents, especially those with good hydrogen-bonding acceptor properties. However, in the case of 8F-CP, the cone conformation is the most populated in some solvents. Transitions between conformers are common and fast, and both CP and 8F-CP can adopt the cone conformation needed for optimum interaction with anions more easily than would be predicted on the basis of previous gas-phase calculations. Furthermore, the present studies show that when a fluoride anion is specifically placed initially in close proximity to CP and 8F-CP in their respective 1,3-alternate conformations, an extremely fast change to the cone conformation is observed in both cases. The results suggest that preorganization does not represent a major impediment to anion-binding for either CP or 8F-CP, and that ion-induced conformational changes can follow different mechanisms depending on the solvent and the chemical substituents present on the calix[4]pyrrole beta-pyrrolic positions. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Dept Fisicoquim, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Recerca Biomed, Mol Modeling & Bioinformat Unit, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Bioquim, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Computat Biol Program, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Luque, FJ (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Dept Fisicoquim, Avgda Diagonal SN, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM fjluque@ub.edu RI Luque, F. Javier/L-9652-2014; OI Luque, F. Javier/0000-0002-8049-3567; Orozco Lopez, Modesto/0000-0002-8608-3278 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 58907] NR 82 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1108 EP 1116 DI 10.1002/chem.200600757 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 131VA UT WOS:000243897700007 PM 17086569 ER PT J AU Hung, CLH Lau, RKF Lam, JCW Jefferson, TA Hung, SK Lam, MHW Lam, PKS AF Hung, Craig L. H. Lau, Ridge K. F. Lam, James C. W. Jefferson, Thomas A. Hung, Samuel K. Lam, Michael H. W. Lam, Paul K. S. TI Risk assessment of trace elements in the stomach contents of Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins and Finless Porpoises in Hong Kong waters SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; risk quotient; toxicity reference value; reference dose ID ASIAN COASTAL WATERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SMALL CETACEANS; NORTH PACIFIC; ORGANOCHLORINES; CONTAMINATION; TISSUES; FISH AB The potential health risks due to inorganic substances, mainly metals, was evaluated for the two resident marine mammals in Hong Kong, the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) and the Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). The stomachs from the carcasses of twelve stranded dolphins and fifteen stranded porpoises were collected and the contents examined. Concentrations of thirteen trace elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, V and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). An assessment of risks of adverse effects was undertaken using two toxicity guideline values, namely the Reference Dose (RfD), commonly used in human health risk assessment, and the Toxicity Reference Value (TRV), based on terrestrial mammal data. The levels of trace metals in stomach contents of dolphins and porpoises were found to be similar. Risk quotients (RQ) calculated for the trace elements showed that risks to the dolphins and porpoises were generally low and within safe limits using the values based on the TRV, which are less conservative than those based on the RfD values. Using the RfD-based values the risks associated with arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel and mercury were comparatively higher. The highest RQ was associated with arsenic, however, most of the arsenic in marine organisms should be in the non-toxic organic form, and thus the calculated risk is likely to be overestimated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Ctr Coastal Pollut & Conservat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Hong Kong Cetacean Res Project, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Lam, PKS (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Ctr Coastal Pollut & Conservat, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM bhpksl@cityu.edu.hk RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; LAM, James/G-9676-2011; OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; LAM, James/0000-0002-5557-6213; LAM, Hon Wah Michael/0000-0003-1213-3874 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2007 VL 66 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1182 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 134DL UT WOS:000244062700002 PM 16979696 ER PT J AU Donmez, MA Hahn, MH Soons, JA AF Donmez, M. A. Hahn, M. H. Soons, J. A. TI A novel cooling system to reduce thermally-induced errors of machine tools SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE machine; thermal; error AB This study explores a method to reduce thermally-induced errors of machine tools through temperature stabilization with compressed air. The method uses inexpensive, specially-shaped, silicon tubing with small slits. Compressed air forced through such tubing increases heat dissipation from the surface through Coanda-effect cooling. This paper describes experiments performed on a simulated heat source as well as a turning center to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of the method. The results show that this system, which can easily be applied to existing machines, can significantly reduce thermal drift and may be a viable alternative to other methods to reduce thermally-induced errors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donmez, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8506 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2007 VL 56 IS 1 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2007.05.124 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 194ZU UT WOS:000248383100124 ER PT B AU Solomon, S Qin, D Manning, M AF Solomon, Susan Qin, Dahe Manning, Martin BE Solomon, S Qin, D Manning, M Marquis, M Averyt, K Tignor, MMB Miller, HL Chen, ZL TI Technical Summary SO CLIMATE CHANGE 2007: THE PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Solomon, Susan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IPCC WG1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Qin, Dahe] China Meteorol Adm, IPCC WGI, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Manning, Martin] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IPCC WGI TSU, Earth Syst Res Lab USA, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IPCC WG1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. OI Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 NR 0 TC 8484 Z9 8783 U1 3 U2 42 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA BN 978-0-521-70596-7 PY 2007 BP 19 EP 91 PG 73 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BVP60 UT WOS:000292238900002 ER PT B AU Forster, P Ramaswamy, V AF Forster, Piers Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam BE Solomon, S Qin, D Manning, M Marquis, M Averyt, K Tignor, MMB Miller, HL Chen, ZL TI Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing SO CLIMATE CHANGE 2007: THE PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOL; TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE; RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO; PINATUBO VOLCANIC-ERUPTION; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS C1 [Forster, Piers] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Forster, P (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RI Raga, Graciela/A-4340-2008; Forster, Piers/F-9829-2010 OI Forster, Piers/0000-0002-6078-0171 NR 758 TC 3247 Z9 3298 U1 36 U2 218 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA BN 978-0-521-70596-7 PY 2007 BP 129 EP 234 PG 106 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BVP60 UT WOS:000292238900004 ER PT S AU Kageyama, M Charbit, S Ritz, C Khodri, M Ramstein, G AF Kageyama, Masa Charbit, Sylvie Ritz, Catherine Khodri, Myriam Ramstein, Gilles BE Sirocko, F Claussen, M Goni, MFS Litt, T TI Mechanisms Leading to the Last Glacial Inception over North America: Results From the CLIMBER-GREMLINS Atmosphere-Ocean-Vegetation Northern Hemisphere Ice-Sheet Model SO CLIMATE OF PAST INTERGLACIALS SE Developments in Quaternary Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSIENT SIMULATION; INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; PART I; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; HISTORY; SYSTEM AB The CLIMBER-GREMLINS model is an atmosphere-ocean-vegetation-northern hemisphere ice-sheet model able to simulate ice-sheet growth in response to the transient forcings (insolation and CO2 changes) of the period 126-106 kyr BP. In the present version of the model, this growth mainly occurs over North America and reaches an equivalent of 17m in sea-level drop. To quantify the role of the vegetation, ocean and ice-sheet feedbacks in this glaciation of North America, we have conducted sensitivity experiments in which the feedback of each of these components is sequentially switched off. These experiments show that, in this model. (1) glacial inception does not occur when vegetation is fixed to its interglacial state (experiment testing the response of the atmosphere-ocean-boreal land-ice system), (2) glacial inception occurs faster than in the standard experiment when the ocean surface characteristics (surface temperature and sea ice extent) are prescribed to their interglacial seasonal cycle (experiment testing the sensitivity of the atmosphere-vegetation-boreal land-ice system), (3) the ice-sheet albedo and altitude feedbacks are not crucial for starting the glaciation, but the albedo feedback doubles the ice volume growth rate, (4) the potential effect of a reduction in the thermohaline circulation is tested via an additional experiment in which we have forced it to its 'off' mode. The results show that this mode favours the fastest land ice growth of all our experiments. C1 [Kageyama, Masa; Charbit, Sylvie; Ramstein, Gilles] CEA Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ UMRI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ritz, Catherine] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Khodri, Myriam] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, US Dept Commerce, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kageyama, M (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ UMRI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Khodri, Myriam/K-1399-2016 OI Khodri, Myriam/0000-0003-1941-1646 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-0866 BN 978-0-08-046806-8 J9 DEV QUATER SCI PY 2007 VL 7 BP 573 EP 582 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA BCL67 UT WOS:000310639900039 ER PT J AU Thorpe, SJ Heath, A Blackmore, S Lee, A Hamilton, M O'Broin, S Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, C AF Thorpe, Susan J. Heath, Alan Blackmore, Sheena Lee, Anne Hamilton, Malcolm O'Broin, Sean Nelson, Bryant C. Pfeiffer, Christine TI International standard for serum vitamin B-12 and serum folate: international collaborative study to evaluate a batch of lyophilised serum for B-12 and folate content SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE folate; liquid chromatography coupled to isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF); reference; standardisation; vitamin B-12 ID WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROTITRE PLATES; HOMOCYSTEINE; DIAGNOSIS; COBALAMIN AB Background: Vitamin B-12 and folate measurements in serum show wide inter-methodology variability. This variability appears to be due in part to the lack of standardisation against internationally accepted reference materials. Pooled human serum, lyophilised in ampoules and designated 03/178, was therefore evaluated by 24 laboratories in seven countries for its suitability to serve as an International Standard (IS) for B12 and folate. Methods: IS 03/178 was assayed using a range of commercial analysers, microbiological assays and, for folate, candidate reference methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Results: Mean vitamin B12 and folate values for reconstituted 03/178 across all laboratories and methods were 480 pg/mL [coefficient of variation (CV) 12.8%] and 5.52 ng/mL (CV 17.1%), respectively. The total folate content of reconstituted 03/178, determined using LC/MS/MS, was 12.1 nmol/L (equivalent to 5.33 ng/mL), made up of 9.75 nmol/L 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF; CV 5.5%), 1.59 nmol/L 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5FoTHF; CV 4.2%) and 0.74 nmol/L folic acid (FA; CV 31.6%). The inclusion of three serum samples in the study with different B12 and folate levels demonstrated a considerable reduction in inter-laboratory variability when the B12 and folate content of the samples was determined relative to the IS 03/178 rather than to the analyser calibration.IS 03/178 demonstrated satisfactory long-term stability in accelerated degradation studies. Conclusions: Use of IS 03/178 to standardise serum B-12 and folate assays reduced inter-laboratory variability. The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation established 03/178 as the first IS for serum vitamin B12 and serum folate,with assigned values of 480 mu g/mL of vitamin B-12 and 12.1 nmol/L folate when the lyophilised contents of the ampoule are reconstituted with 1 mL of water. C1 Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Parenterals Sect, Biotherapeut Grp, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Good Hope Hosp, UKNEQAS Scheme Haematin, Sutton, Coldfield, England. St James Hosp, Dublin 8, Ireland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thorpe, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Parenterals Sect, Biotherapeut Grp, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. EM sthorpe@nibsc.ac.uk RI Thorpe, Susan/E-1808-2013 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2007.072 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 152JB UT WOS:000245357200018 PM 17378737 ER PT S AU Cail, M Langford, SC Dickinson, JT Pitchure, DJ Levine, LE AF Cail, M. Langford, S. C. Dickinson, J. T. Pitchure, David J. Levine, Lyle E. BE Hess, WP Herman, PR Bauerle, D Koinuma, H TI Laser-induced photoemission as a probe of slip band formation in single crystal and polycrystalline aluminum during uniaxial deformation SO COLA'05: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER ABLATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY SEP 11-16, 2005 CL Banff, CANADA ID STRAIN PERCOLATION; METALS; BEHAVIOR AB We report measurements of laser-induced photoelectron emission (LIPEE) from single crystal aluminum (99.999%) and high purity polycrystalline aluminum (>99.9%) during uniaxial tensile deformation. A 248-nm excimer laser (5-eV photon energy) was used as a light source. Deformation was performed on a tensile stage in ultra-high vacuum at an initial strain rate of 1x10(-3) s(-1). Photoelectron intensities are sensitive to changes in surface morphology accompanying deformation, including slip line and band formation. In the single crystal material, LIPEE intensity initially increases linearly with strain followed by a monotonically decreasing slope at larger strain. In the polycrystalline material, LIPEE intensities increase linearly with strain in two segments. Slip bands on the deformed surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). C1 [Cail, M.; Langford, S. C.; Dickinson, J. T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pitchure, David J.; Levine, Lyle E.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Metallurgy Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickinson, JT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG03-02ER45988] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG03-02ER45988. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 59 BP 678 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/143 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGP13 UT WOS:000249266200143 ER PT J AU Ohno, Y AF Ohno, Yoshi BE Schanda, J TI SPECTRAL COLOR MEASUREMENT SO COLORIMETRY: UNDERSTANDING THE CIE SYSTEM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ohno@nist.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17563-7 PY 2007 BP 101 EP 134 DI 10.1002/9780470175637.ch5 D2 10.1002/9780470175637 PG 34 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCJ22 UT WOS:000310276200007 ER PT J AU Schanda, J Eppeldauer, G Sauter, G AF Schanda, Janos Eppeldauer, George Sauter, Georg BE Schanda, J TI TRISTIMULUS COLOR MEASUREMENT OF SELF-LUMINOUS SOURCES SO COLORIMETRY: UNDERSTANDING THE CIE SYSTEM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; DESIGN; SCALE C1 [Schanda, Janos] Univ Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. [Eppeldauer, George] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sauter, Georg] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Schanda, J (reprint author), Univ Pannonia, Egyet U 10, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. EM Schanda@vision.vein.hu; george.eppeldauer@nist.gov; Georg.Sauter@t-online.de NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17563-7 PY 2007 BP 135 EP 157 DI 10.1002/9780470175637.ch6 D2 10.1002/9780470175637 PG 23 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCJ22 UT WOS:000310276200008 ER PT B AU Messina, J Simmon, E Aronoff, M AF Messina, John Simmon, Eric Aronoff, Matthew BE Loureiro, G Curran, R TI Environmental regulations impose new product lifecycle information requirements SO COMPLEX SYSTEMS CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: COLLABORATION, TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY 2007 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Int Soc Product Enhancement, Brazilian Sci & Technol Minist, INPE Lab Integrat & Testing, FINEP, CNPq, CAPES, Fdn Res Sao Paulo State, Fdn Space Sci, Technol & Applicat, EMBRAER, Astronaut Technol Inst, Project Performance Int, INCOSE, ABCM, FCMF DE RoHS; EuP; sustainability; product; lifecycle; supply-chain AB In a global response to increasing health and environmental concerns, there has been a trend towards governments enacting legislation to encourage sustainable manufacturing where industry creates products that minimize environmental impact. This legislative trend seeks to shift the environmental responsibility of product manufacturing to the finished goods manufacturer. To meet this new responsibility, data relevant to the material composition of a product must flow unimpeded from the raw material producers to the final producers. Unfortunately, existing systems are ill-prepared to handle the new data requirements. For example, the European Union's (EU) Energy Using Product (EuP) Directive will require that companies provide total energy used during a product's lifecycle, including manufacturing and transportation energy. To meet these new requirements, new systems must be designed and implemented, or modifications made to existing data management systems. Because every law poses its own unique requirements on industry, it is not always clear what information will need to be collected and stored. This paper seeks to provide industry with a forward-looking view at new data exchange requirements needed within the manufacturing supply chain of the future. It surveys current and forthcoming environmental legislation including EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), China RoHS, California RoHS, EU EuP, and the EU Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals Directive (REACH). The paper identifies the unique data requirements that will need to be incorporated in a products supply chain in order for companies to comply with each law. C1 [Messina, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simmon, Eric; Aronoff, Matthew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Messina, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.messina@nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-975-0 PY 2007 BP 373 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-976-7_42 PG 3 WC Business; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGN92 UT WOS:000248899900042 ER PT B AU Simmon, E Messina, J AF Simmon, Eric Messina, John BE Loureiro, G Curran, R TI Data Modeling to support environmental information exchange throughout the supply chain SO COMPLEX SYSTEMS CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: COLLABORATION, TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY 2007 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Int Soc Product Enhancement, Brazilian Sci & Technol Minist, INPE Lab Integrat & Testing, FINEP, CNPq, CAPES, Fdn Res Sao Paulo State, Fdn Space Sci, Technol & Applicat, EMBRAER, Astronaut Technol Inst, Project Performance Int, INCOSE, ABCM, FCMF DE RoHS; material composition declaration; data exchange; modeling AB With an ever-increasing awareness of the environmental impact of manufacturing, more and more political organizations (countries, states, and unions) are enacting legislation designed to protect the environment. One category of this restrictive legislation is called Extended Producer Responsibilities (EPR). EPR directives place greater responsibility on manufacturers for the environmental impact of their products. These laws shift the focus from the product's origin to the product's final destination and from the process of manufacturing to the product itself The highest impact of these directives is the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive, finalized by the European Union in 2003. The RoHS directive restricts imports of new electrical and electronic equipment containing lead and five other hazardous substances. For manufacturers to successfully comply with RoHS and similar legislation, they need the ability to exchange material content information. This information would then propagate through the supply chain from the raw material suppliers all the way to the final producer. While a solution could be generated for any single piece of legislation, the problem is that companies will need to successfully deal with potentially dozens of laws and directives. To deal with this problem, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (a US Government Research Laboratory) developed a data model to address the underlying material declaration problem using a software development methodology. This data model was used in the development of IPC's 1752 Material Declaration standard. IPC's 1752 standard helps the electronics industry comply with RoHS by providing a data exchange mechanism by which businesses can declare the presence or absence of the restricted materials. While IPC 1752 was created to deal with EU's RoHS, the data model was designed with the intent that it would be able to support future RoHSlike legislation (China RoHS, California RoHS, etc). Even if different solutions were developed for each piece of Legislation, they can interoperate provided they are based on the same data model. This paper looks at the data model designed for the IPC 1752 standard, the methodology that was used to create it, and how it can be adapted to similar RoHS-like laws and directives. C1 [Simmon, Eric] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Messina, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmon, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.simmon@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-975-0 PY 2007 BP 383 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-976-7_43 PG 2 WC Business; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGN92 UT WOS:000248899900043 ER PT B AU Aronoff, M Messina, J AF Aronoff, Matthew Messina, John BE Loureiro, G Curran, R TI Collaborative augmented reality for better standards SO COMPLEX SYSTEMS CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: COLLABORATION, TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY 2007 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Int Soc Product Enhancement, Brazilian Sci & Technol Minist, INPE Lab Integrat & Testing, FINEP, CNPq, CAPES, Fdn Res Sao Paulo State, Fdn Space Sci, Technol & Applicat, EMBRAER, Astronaut Technol Inst, Project Performance Int, INCOSE, ABCM, FCMF DE 3d; collaboration; data modeling; UML; standards development; ruby AB Concurrent engineering depends on clear communication between all members of the development process. As that communication becomes more and more complex, the quality of the standards used to move and understand that information likewise becomes more and more important. If the standard is incomplete, redundant, or ambiguous, most of the expected benefits are lost. In order to improve data exchange standards, explicit data models are required. However, creating those data models is a process that requires collaboration between domain experts. What is needed is a solution that encourages interaction without requiring a high level of data modeling expertise. Focus is a software tool designed to provide such an environment. It is a distributed design and conferencing application which uses augmented reality to allow domain experts to come together in real time for data modeling. By developing Focus, we hope to allow domain experts to create data models without first having to learn complex UML modeling programs. Because of the networked nature of Focus, it is easier to ensure the participation of the best domain experts regardless of location. This paper details the development, features, and expected benefits of Focus in a collaborative engineering environment. C1 [Aronoff, Matthew; Messina, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aronoff, Matthew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aronoff, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.aronoff@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-975-0 PY 2007 BP 479 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-976-7_53 PG 2 WC Business; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BGN92 UT WOS:000248899900053 ER PT S AU Hu, VC Martin, E Hwang, J Xie, T AF Hu, Vincent C. Martin, Evan Hwang, JeeHyun Xie, Tao TI Conformance checking of access control policies specified in XACML SO COMPSAC 2007: THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings International Computer Software and Applications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, CPS AB Access control is one of the most fundamental and widely used security mechanisms. Access control mechanisms control which principals such as users or processes have access to which resources in a system. To facilitate managing and maintaining access control, access control policies are increasingly written in specification languages such as XACML. The specification of access control policies itself is often a challenging problem. Furthermore, XACML is intentionally designed to be generic: it provides the freedom in describing access control policies, which are well-known or invented ones. But the flexibility and expressiveness provided by XACML come at the cost of complexity, verbosity, and lack of desirable property enforcement. Often common properties for specific access control policies may not be satisfied when these policies are specified in XACML, causing the discrepancy between what the policy authors intend to specify and what the actually specified XACML policies reflect. In this position paper we propose an approach for conducting conformance checking of access control policies specified in XACML based on existing verification and testing tools for XACML policies. C1 [Hu, Vincent C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Martin, Evan; Hwang, JeeHyun; Xie, Tao] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hu, VC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vincent.hu@nist.gov; eemartin@ncsu.edu; jhwang4@ncsu.edu; xie@csc.ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 978-0-7695-2870-0 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2007 BP 275 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGQ04 UT WOS:000249654100042 ER PT J AU Ganneau, FP Ulm, FJ Gondzio, J Garboui, EJ AF Ganneau, F. P. Ulm, F.-J. Gondzio, J. Garboui, E. J. TI An algorithm for computing the compressive strength of heterogeneous cohesive-frictional materials - Application to cement paste SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE computational strength homogenization; heterogeneous solid; yield design; cohesive-frictional materials; cement paste ID FILLED COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; INTERIOR-POINT METHODS; INDEFINITE SYSTEMS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; NANOINDENTATION; OPTIMIZATION; INCLUSIONS; CRITERION AB An algorithm based on a finite element discretization of the lower bound yield theorem is applied to digital images, which allows the determination of the compressive strength of highly heterogeneous materials following a Drucker-Prager (or Mohr-Coulomb) yield criterion. The resulting optimization problem is usually very large and sparse and is solved using recent nonlinear optimizers based on the interior point method. The algorithm is validated for a laminated composite material, for which an analytical solution is available; and then applied to 2D slices of 3D digital microstructural models of cement paste. It is shown that the algorithm converges with mesh refinement towards experimental results. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ulm, FJ (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ulm@mit.edu NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-352X J9 COMPUT GEOTECH JI Comput. Geotech. PY 2007 VL 34 IS 4 BP 254 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.02.005 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology GA 211UK UT WOS:000249548600006 ER PT S AU Lindseth, B Schwindt, P Kitching, J Fischer, D Shusterman, V AF Lindseth, B. Schwindt, P. Kitching, J. Fischer, D. Shusterman, V. GP IEEE TI Non-Contact Measurement of Cardiac Electromagnetic Field in Mice by Use of a Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometer SO COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY 2007, VOL 34 SE Computers in Cardiology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Conference on Computers in Cardiology CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2007 CL Durham, NC ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VAPOR CELLS AB The development of clinical applications of magnetocardiography, has been impeded by the large size of the systems used to measure magnetic fields. Here we present the first measurements of the cardiac electromagnetic field with a highly miniaturized (20 mm(3)), atomic magnetometer constructed by microfabrication techniques. Measurements were performed in two mice. The magnetometer Was placed close to the sternum region, approximately 2 mm away from the surface of the skin. QRS complexes were identifiable in the magnetocardiographic signals in all recordings except for those performed when the animal was moved far away (>10 cm) from the sensor. Non- contact recording of cardiac electromagnetic fields with a microfabricated magnetometer is feasible in a shielded environment. C1 [Fischer, D.; Shusterman, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Lindseth, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwindt, P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Lindseth, B.; Schwindt, P.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Shusterman, V.] PinMed Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Shusterman, V (reprint author), 200 Lothrop St,Room B535, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM shustermanv@upmc.edu FU NIH [HL077116] FX This study was supported in part by NIH grant HL077116 (VS). This work is a partial contribution of NIST and is not subject to copyright. The authors thank S. Knappe for fabricating the alkali vapor cell and useful discussions. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0276-6574 BN 978-1-4244-2533-4 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL PY 2007 VL 34 BP 443 EP + DI 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745517 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BJA59 UT WOS:000264173100112 ER PT J AU Beichl, I O'Leary, DP Sullivan, F AF Beichl, Isabel O'Leary, Dianne P. Sullivan, Francis TI Monte Carlo minimization and counting: One, two, ..., too many SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material AB Monte Carlo methods use sampling to produce approximate solutions to problems for which other methods aren't practical. In this homework assignment, we study three uses of Monte Carlo methods: for function minimization, discrete optimization, and counting. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Program Appl Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. IDA Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD USA. RP Beichl, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM oleary@cs.umd.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 EI 1558-366X J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2007.14 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 119FI UT WOS:000242997800012 ER PT B AU Parrish, FA AF Parrish, Frank A. BE George, RY Cairns, SD TI Density and habitat of three deep-sea corals in the lower Hawaiian chain SO CONSERVATION AND ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SEAMOUNT AND DEEP-SEA CORAL ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2005 CL Miami, FL ID ISLANDS AB Subphotic contours were surveyed between 350 and 500 m at six deep-sea coral beds in Hawaii. The density and mean height for the deep-sea corals Corallium secundum Dana, 1846, Corallium lauuense Bayer, 1956, and Gerardia sp. at each bed were recorded relative to temperature, substrate, and bottom relief. Species composition and density at the six sites varied; however, the mean size of the coral colonies did not vary except at sites where there was a history of coral harvesting. The Corallium species had the highest densities and, at some sites, were found in mono-specific patches. The three coral taxa overlapped in their depth range. Water temperature varied as much as 3-4 degrees C across the six stations. Multi-year monitoring at two of the sites indicated that temperature differences persisted year-round and exhibited monthly and seasonal fluctuations. All three coral taxa colonized both carbonate and basalt/manganese substrates. The largest patches of C. secundum were found on flat exposed bottom, whereas C. lauuense encrusted uneven rocky bottom. Corallium lauuense was often intermixed with Gerardia sp., which colonized cliffs, pinnacles, and the tops of walls. Of the habitat variables, bottom relief best explained the distribution of the three coral taxa. It is hypothesized that the corals favor areas where bottom relief enhances or modifies flow characteristics perhaps improving the colony's feeding success. C1 NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Frank.Parrish@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV MIAMI PI MIAMI PA ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL MARINE & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, MIAMI, FL 00000 USA BN 978-1-891276-58-3 PY 2007 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHH00 UT WOS:000253119900015 ER PT J AU Phillips, RB DeKoning, J Morasch, MR Park, LK Devlin, RH AF Phillips, R. B. DeKoning, J. Morasch, M. R. Park, L. K. Devlin, R. H. TI Identification of the sex chromosome pair in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DETERMINING LOCUS; PACIFIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; Y-CHROMOSOME; DNA-SEQUENCE; 5S RDNA; TSHAWYTSCHA; FISH; LINKAGE AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) using a probe to the male-specific GH-Y ( growth hormone pseudogene) was used to identify the Y chromosome in the karyotypes of chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta) and pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). The sex chromosome pair is a small acrocentric chromosome pair in chum salmon and the smallest metacentric chromosome pair in pink salmon. Both of these chromosome pairs are morphologically different from the sex chromosome pairs in chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The 5S rRNA genes are on multiple chromosome pairs including the sex chromosome pair in chum salmon, but at the centromeres of two autosomal metacentric pairs in pink salmon. The sex chromosome pairs and the chromosomal locations of the 5S rDNA appear to be different in all five of the North American Pacific salmon species and rainbow trout. The implications of these results for evolution of sex chromosomes in salmonids are discussed. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, DFO UBC Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, W Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Phillips, RB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM phllipsr@vancouver.wsu.edu NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2007 VL 116 IS 4 BP 298 EP 304 DI 10.1159/000100414 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 159SA UT WOS:000245885400009 PM 17431328 ER PT S AU Wang, LY Singhal, A Jajodia, S AF Wang, Lingyu Singhal, Anoop Jajodia, Sushil BE Barker, S Ahn, GJ TI Measuring the overall security of network configurations using attack graphs SO DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY XXI, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security CY JUL 08-11, 2007 CL Redondo, CA SP IFIP WG 11 3 ID PREDICTING INTRUSION ALERTS AB Today's computer systems face sophisticated intrusions during which multiple vulnerabilities can be combined for reaching an attack goal. The overall security of a network system cannot simply be determined based on the number of vulnerabilities. To quantitatively assess the security of networked systems, one must first understand which and how vulnerabilities can be combined for an attack. Such an understanding becomes possible with recent advances in modeling the composition of vulnerabilities as attack graphs. Based on our experiences with attack graph analysis, we explore different concepts and issues on a metric to quantify potential attacks. To accomplish this, we present an attack resistance metric for assessing and comparing the security of different network configurations. This paper describes the metric at an abstract level as two composition operators with features for expressing additional constraints. We consider two concrete cases. The first case assumes the domain of attack resistance to be real number and the second case represents resistances as a set of initial security conditions. We show that the proposed metric satisfies desired properties and that it adheres to common sense. At the same time, it generalizes a previously proposed metric that is also based on attack graphs. It is our belief that the proposed metric will lead to novel quantitative approaches to vulnerability analysis, network hardening, and attack responses. C1 [Wang, Lingyu] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jajodia, Sushil] George Mason Univ, Ctr Sec Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM wang@ciise.concordia.ca; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; jajodia@gmu.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Security Division; Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency [FA8750-05-C-0212]; Air Force Research Laboratory/ Rome [FA8750-06-C-0246]; Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0374]; Federal Aviation Administration [DTFAWA-04-P-00278/0001]; National Science Foundation [CT-0627493, IIS-0242237, IIS-0430402]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Discovery Grant FX This material is based upon work supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Security Division; by Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency under the contract FA8750-05-C-0212 administered by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Rome; by Air Force Research Laboratory/ Rome under the contract FA8750-06-C-0246; by Army Research Office under grant W911NF-05-1-0374; by Federal Aviation Administration under the contract DTFAWA-04-P-00278/0001; by National Science Foundation under grants CT-0627493, IIS-0242237, and IIS-0430402; and by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Discovery Grant. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73533-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4602 BP 98 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGK38 UT WOS:000247910100009 ER PT J AU Call, KA Fadely, BS Greig, A Rehberg, MJ AF Call, Katherine A. Fadely, Brian S. Greig, Angie Rehberg, Michael J. TI At-sea and on-shore cycles of juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) derived from satellite dive recorders: A comparison between declining and increasing populations SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bio-logging Science CY JUN 13-16, 2005 CL Univ St Andrews, St Andrews, SCOTLAND SP Sea Mammal Res Unit, SMRU, EU Network Excellence Marine Biodivers & Ecosyst Functioning HO Univ St Andrews DE satellite telemetry; pinniped; biological development; repeated measures; North Pacific; Gulf of Alaska ID MATERNAL-ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS; FUR SEALS; ALASKA; BEHAVIOR; YOUNG; PUP; PINNIPEDS; ONTOGENY; SLEEP AB We calculated the durations of time on-shore and at-sea for juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) using satellite dive recorders deployed between 2000 and 2002, and compared two genetically distinct populations; one increasing (eastern stock; n = 42) and one that experienced an 80% decline in population since the mid-1970s (western stock; n = 89). Data represented 24-h periods divided into 72 20-min increments indicating whether an animal was on-shore (dry) or at-sea (wet). Time apportioned between land and sea was described on a per-trip basis (rather than a 24-h cycle) and durations ranged from 20 min to several days. We tested differences in the durations of on-shore and at-sea events among sex, geographic region, year, and age at capture using mixed-effects models. Animal identifier was included as a random effect to account for repeated measures on the same individual. Sea lions from the eastern Aleutian Islands, central Aleutian Islands, and central Gulf of Alaska hauled out just after sunrise, and departure times coincided with dusk. For Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska animals, arrivals and departures occurred throughout the day and were not related to crepuscular period. Mean duration on-shore did not differ among sex, region, year or age, and was unrelated to previous trip duration. This may suggest a minimum rest period for juvenile Steller sea lions or that dependant animals are maximizing their time on-shore suckling. Time spent at-sea varied among individuals from both populations and development of maternal independence, inferred from significant increases in time spent at sea, occurred approximately 10 months later in individuals from Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska than in the other regions, suggesting environmental and developmental differences among regions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol Fishery Management Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Stateside Marine Mamal Program, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Call, KA (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kate.call@noaa.gov RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015 OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 298 EP 310 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.11.016 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158UN UT WOS:000245820500010 ER PT J AU Aydin, K Mueter, F AF Aydin, Kerim Mueter, Franz TI The Bering Sea - A dynamic food web perspective SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Bering Sea; climate variability; ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; fish; productivity ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; REGIME SHIFTS; INNER SHELF; ECOSYSTEM AB The Bering Sea is a high-latitude, semi-enclosed sea that supports extensive fish, seabird, marine mammal, and invertebrate populations and some of the world's most productive fisheries. The region consists of several distinct biomes that have undergone wide-scale population variation, in part due to fisheries, but also in part due to the effects of interannual and decadal-scale climatic variation. While recent decades of ocean observation have highlighted possible links between climate and species fluctuations, mechanisms linking climate and population fluctuations are only beginning to be understood. Here, we examine the food webs of Bering Sea ecosystems with particular reference to some key shifts in widely distributed, abundant fish populations and their links with climate variation. Both climate variability and fisheries have substantially altered the Bering Sea ecosystem in the past, but their relative importance in shaping the current ecosystem state remains uncertain. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Aydin, Kerim] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mueter, Franz] Sigma Plus Consulting, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Aydin, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Pt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kerim.Aydin@noaa.gov; fmueter@alaska.net NR 101 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2501 EP 2525 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.022 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500004 ER PT J AU Wang, M Bond, NA Overland, JE AF Wang, Muyin Bond, Nicholas A. Overland, James E. TI Comparison of atmospheric forcing in four sub-arctic seas SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE atmospheric forcing; surface heat fluxes; Sea of Okhotsk (44-62 degrees N; 135-160 degrees E); Bering Sea shelf (52-66 degrees N; 180-150 degrees W); Labrador Sea (46-69 degrees N; 66-43 degrees W); Barents Sea (66-81 degrees N; 14-66 degrees E) ID BERING-SEA; BARENTS SEA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; ICE; REANALYSIS; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM AB A comparative analysis was conducted on climate variability in four sub-arctic seas: the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea shelf, the Labrador Sea, and the Barents Sea. Based on data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the focus was on air-sea interactions, which influence ice cover, ocean currents, mixing, and stratification on sub-seasonal to decadal time scales. The seasonal cycles of the area-weighted averages of sea-level pressure (SLP), surface air temperature (SAT) and heat fluxes show remarkable similarity among the four sub-arctic seas. With respect to variation in climate, all four seas experience changes of comparable magnitude on interannual to interdecadal time scales, but with different timing. Since 2000 warm SAT anomalies were found during most of the year in three of the four sub-arctic seas, with the exception of the Sea of Okhotsk. A seesaw (out of phase) pattern in winter SAT anomalies between the Labrador and the Barents Sea in the Atlantic sector is observed during the past 50 years before 2000; a similar type of co-variability between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea shelf in the Pacific is only evident since 1970s. Recent positive anomalies of net heat flux are more prominent in winter and spring in the Pacific sectors, and in summer in the Atlantic sectors. There is a reduced magnitude in wind mixing in the Sea of Okhotsk since 1980, in the Barents Sea since 2000, and in early spring/late winter in the Bering Sea shelf since 1995. Reduced sea-ice areas are seen over three out of four (except the Sea of Okhotsk) sub-arctic seas in recent decades, particularly after 2000 based on combined in situ and satellite observations (HadISST). This analysis provides context for the pan-regional synthesis of the linkages between climate and marine ecosystems. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Muyin; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM muyin.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2543 EP 2559 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.014 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500006 ER PT J AU Rodionov, SN Bond, NA Overland, JE AF Rodionov, S. N. Bond, N. A. Overland, J. E. TI The Aleutian Low, storm tracks, and winter climate variability in the Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Aleutian Low; Bering Sea; climate variability; North Pacific; storm tracks; winds ID NORTH PACIFIC; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; ICE VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; PATTERNS; FREQUENCIES; REGIME AB Previous studies have found inconsistent results regarding how wintertime conditions in the Bering Sea relate to variations in the North Pacific climate system. This problem is addressed through analysis of data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis for the period 1950-2003. Composite patterns of sea-level pressure, 500 hPa geopotential heights, storm tracks and surface air temperature are presented for four situations: periods of strong Aleutian Low, weak Aleutian Low, warm Bering Sea air temperatures, and cold Bering Sea air temperatures. Winter temperatures in the Bering Sea are only marginally related to the strength of the Aleutian Low, and are much more sensitive to the position of the Aleutian Low and to variations in storm tracks. In particular, relatively warm temperatures are associated with either an enhanced storm track off the coast of Siberia, and hence anomalous southerly low-level flow, or an enhanced storm track entering the eastern Berina Sea from the southeast. These latter storms do not systematically affect the mean meridional winds, but rather serve to transport mild air of maritime origin over the Bering Sea. The leading indices for the North Pacific, such as the NP and PNA, are more representative of the patterns of tropospheric circulation and storm track anomalies associated with the strength of the Aleutian Low than patterns associated with warm and cold wintertime conditions in the Bering Sea. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodionov, S. N.; Bond, N. A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Overland, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nicholas.bond@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2560 EP 2577 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.002 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500007 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Bond, NA Salo, SA AF Stabeno, P. J. Bond, N. A. Salo, S. A. TI On the recent warming of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE Bering Sea; circulation; climate; North Pacific; physical oceanography; sea ice ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; ENVIRONMENT; REANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; SHIFTS AB During the last decade, the southeastern Bering Sea shelf has undergone a warming of similar to 3 degrees C that is closely associated with a marked decrease of sea ice over the area. This shift in the physical environment of the shelf can be attributed to a combination of mechanisms, including the presence over the eastern Bering Sea shelf of a relatively mild air mass during the winter, especially from 2000 to 2005; a shorter ice season caused by a later fall transition and/or an earlier spring transition; increased flow through Unimak Pass during winter, which introduces warm Gulf of Alaska water onto the southeastern shelf, and the feedback mechanism whereby warmer ocean temperatures during the summer delay the southward advection of sea ice during winter. While the relative importance of these four mechanisms is difficult to quantify, it is evident that for sea ice to form, cold arctic winds must cool the water column. Sea ice is then formed in the polynyas during periods of cold north winds, and this ice is advected southward over the eastern shelf. The other three mechanisms can modify ice formation and melt, and hence its extent. In combination, these four mechanisms have served to temporally and spatially limit ice during the 5-year period (2001-2005). Warming of the eastern Bering Sea shelf could have profound influences on the ecosystem of the Bering Sea-from modification of the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom to the northward advance of subarctic species and the northward retreat of arctic species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stabeno, P. J.; Bond, N. A.; Salo, S. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 30 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2599 EP 2618 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.023 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500009 ER PT J AU Logerwell, EA Stabeno, PJ Wilson, CD Hollowed, AB AF Logerwell, Elizabeth A. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Wilson, Christopher D. Hollowed, Anne B. TI The effect of oceanographic variability and interspecific competition on juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) distributions on the Gulf of Alaska shelf SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GLOBEC Symposium on Effects of Climate Variability on Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystems CY MAY 16-20, 2005 CL Victoria, CANADA DE gulf of Alaska; walleye pollock; capelip; geographical distribution; competition; oceanography ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; SALMON PRODUCTION; WESTERN STOCK; NORTHERN GULF; REGIME SHIFT; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; ECOLOGY; FISH AB Results from this study suggest that small-scale variability in the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) and competition between juvenile pollock and capelin are potential mechanisms affecting the distribution and abundance of fishes in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Fish distributions in Barnabus Trough, off the east coast of Kodiak Island, were assessed using acoustic data collected with a calibrated echosounder during August September 2002 and 2004. Trawl hauls were conducted to determine the species composition of the fish making up the acoustic backscatter. Oceanographic data were collected from moorings, conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) probes, trawl-mounted microbathythermographs (MBT) and expendable bathythermographs (XBT). National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data were used to assess area winds, and information on regional transport was derived from current meters deployed on moorings north and south of Kodiak Island. The distribution of water-mass properties and fish during 2002 showed variability at the temporal scale of weeks. Juvenile pollock (age-1 and age-2) were initially most abundant in warm, low-salinity water on the inner shelf, whereas capelin were distributed primarily on the outer shelf in cool, high-salinity waters. During a 2-week period juvenile pollock distribution expanded with the offshore expansion of warm, low-salinity water, and capelin abundance in outer-shelf waters decreased. We hypothesize that wind-driven pulsing of the ACC resulted in increased transport of warm, low-salinity water through the study area. In 2004, warm, low-salinity water characterized the inner shelf and cool, high-salinity water was found on the outer shelf. However, the distribution of water-mass properties did not show the weekly scale variability observed in 2002. Area winds were consistently toward the southwest during 2004, such that we would not expect to see the wind-driven pulsing of ACC water that occurred in 2002. Age-1 and age-2 pollock were not observed in Barnabus Trough in 2004. Instead, the midwater acoustic backscatter was composed of capelin mixed with age-0 pollock, and these capelin were not restricted to the outer-shelf waters, but were found primarily in warm, low-salinity inner-shelf waters that had been previously occupied exclusively by age-1 and age-2 pollock. We suggest that this is consistent with inner-shelf waters being preferred foraging habitat for juvenile pollock and capelin. Further study of the mechanisms linking climate change with variability in the ACC is needed, as are studies of the potential for competition between juvenile pollock and capelin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Logerwell, Elizabeth A.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci CTR, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Logerwell, EA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci CTR, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Libby.Logerwell@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 54 IS 23-26 BP 2849 EP 2868 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.08.008 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251PK UT WOS:000252385500026 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Lundqvist, ML Romano, TA Peden-Adams, MM Fair, PA Kindy, MS Ellis, BC Gattoni-Celli, S McKillen, DJ Trent, HF Chen, YA Almeida, JS Gross, PS Chapman, RW Warr, GW AF Mancia, Annalaura Lundqvist, Mats L. Romano, Tracy A. Peden-Adams, Margie M. Fair, Patricia A. Kindy, Mark S. Ellis, Blake C. Gattoni-Celli, Sebastiano McKillen, David J. Trent, Harold F. Chen, Ylan Ann Almeida, Jonas S. Gross, Paul S. Chapman, Robert W. Warr, Gregory W. TI A dolphin peripheral blood leukocyte cDNA microarray for studies of immune function and stress reactions SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dolphin; cDNA; EST; unigene; microarray; lymphocytes; stress ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; WHALE DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RESPONSES; CANCER AB A microarray focused on stress response and immune function genes of the bottlenosed dolphin has been developed. Random expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated and sequenced from two dolphin peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) cDNA libraries biased towards T- and B-cell gene expression by stimulation with IL-2 and LPS, respectively. A total of 2784 clones were sequenced and contig analysis yielded 1343 unigenes (archived and annotated at www.marinegenomics.org). In addition, 52 dolphin genes known to be important in innate and adaptive immune function and stress responses of terrestrial mammals were specifically targeted, cloned and added to the unigene collection. The set of dolphin sequences printed on a cDNA microarray comprised the 1343 unigenes, the 52 targeted genes and 2305 randomly selected (but unsequenced) EST clones. This set was printed in duplicate spots, side by side, and in two replicates per slide, such that the total number of features per microarray slide was 19,200, including controls. The dolphin arrays were validated and transcriptomic profiles were generated using PBL from a wild dolphin, a captive dolphin and dolphin skin cells. The results demonstrate that the array is a reproducible and informative tool for assessing differential gene expression in dolphin PBL and in other tissues. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Mystic Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Mancia, A (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM mancia@musc.edu RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013 OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530 NR 59 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2006.07.011 PG 10 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 142UA UT WOS:000244674500009 PM 17084893 ER PT S AU Godil, A AF Godil, Afzal BE Duffy, VG TI Advanced human body and head shape representation and analysis SO Digital Human Modeling SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2007 CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE 3D anthropometry; shape searching; PCA; spherical harmonics AB The 3D scans of human bodies contain over hundreds of thousand grid points. To be used effectively for analysis, indexing, searching, clustering and retrieval, these human bodies requires a compact shape representation. We have developed compact representations based on human body shape based on lengths mostly between joints of single large bones and in the second method silhouettes of the human body are created and then encoded as Fourier shape descriptors. We also have developed two such compact representations based on human head shape by applying Principal Component Analysis on the facial surface and in the second method the whole head is transformed to a spherical coordinate system expanded in a basis of Spherical Harmonics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Godil, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73318-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4561 BP 92 EP 100 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGL04 UT WOS:000248099700011 ER PT J AU Chin, JW AF Chin, J. W. BE Karbhari, VM TI Durability of composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation SO DURABILITY OF COMPOSITES FOR CIVIL STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing in Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; EPOXY COMPOSITE; PHOTODEGRADATION; MORPHOLOGY; POLYESTER; POLYMERS; RESINS; PHOTOOXIDATION; STABILIZATION C1 NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chin, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615,Bldg 226,Room B350, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joannie.chin@nist.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-356-5 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL MATER PY 2007 BP 80 EP 97 DI 10.1533/9781845693565.1.80 PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BSJ29 UT WOS:000284605400005 ER PT S AU Denys, PH Denham, M Pearson, CF AF Denys, P. H. Denham, M. Pearson, C. F. BE Tregoning, P Rizos, C TI A geodetic measurement of strain variation across the central Southern Alps, New Zealand SO DYNAMIC PLANET: MONITORING AND UNDERSTANDING A DYNAMIC PLANET WITH GEODETIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC TOOLS SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Dynamic Planet CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP IAG DE campaign GPS; continuous GPS; strain; Southern Alps strain variation ID VERTICAL CRUSTAL MOTIONS; SPACE-GEODESY; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM; FAULT; GPS AB An analysis of both continuous and campaign GPS data has been used to determine the degree of strain rate variability that is occurring, due to tectonic deformation, from two GPS networks that cross the Alpine Fault and the Main divide in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand. The campaign GPS data was observed during four regional campaigns covering an eight year period between 1994 and 2002, while a network of permanently tracking receivers has collected data over a 5.5 year period. Both data sets enable the estimation of high precision horizontal velocities that measure the velocity variation and hence crustal deformation that is occurring across the region. The permanently tracking receivers clearly show significant localised site displacements that appear to be caused or induced by seasonal changes in the environmental conditions. Such site dependant localised displacements exceed 1cm at several sites and demonstrates the highly dynamic nature of the Southern Alps. In general, the long term strain rates determined from the permanently tracking network and the regional strain rates are in agreement, but there does appear to be evidence of variation in strain on a regional scale. In particular, there is evidence for a zone of extension even though the Alpine Fault is an oblique thrust fault caused by convergence across the plate boundary zone. C1 [Denys, P. H.; Denham, M.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pearson, C. F.] Natl Geodet Survey, Springfield, IL 62764 USA. RP Denys, PH (reprint author), Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, POB 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. RI Symposia, IAG/K-2857-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-540-49349-5 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2007 VL 130 BP 445 EP + PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography GA BFY17 UT WOS:000245419400065 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Myers, B Barnes, RA Rice, JP AF Brown, S. W. Myers, B. Barnes, R. A. Rice, J. P. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, J TI Characterization of Earth observing satellite instruments for response to spectrally and spatially variable scenes - art. no. 667705 SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XII CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; characterization; hyperspectral; imaging; spectroscopy; radiometry; remote sensing AB Earth-observing satellite sensors are calibrated in the laboratory against blackbody and lamp-based uniform optical radiation standards. These sources and additional characterization tests fail to approximate the spatially, spectrally, and temporally complex scenes viewed on-orbit by these sensors. The lack of appropriate diagnostic tools limits the ability of researchers to fully characterize and understand the radiometric. performance of sensors before deployment. The consequences of these limitations are that problems in a sensor's performance, e.g. optical crosstalk, scattered light, earth-shine, are often first observed on-orbit. Advanced radiometric characterization artifacts, able to produce realistic spectral distributions and spatial scenes in the laboratory, would enable more complete instrument characterization, with the resulting potential benefit of improved on-orbit performance. In this work, we present a radiometric platform for the development of application-specific metrics to quantify the performance of sensors and systems viewing realistic spectral and spatial scenes. There are two components to the platform, both based on Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) technology. The first component is a spectrally programmable light source. This source can reproduce, with high fidelity, the spectral distributions of targets observed on-orbit, for example, the water-leaving radiances for various phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentrations and atmospheric conditions. The second component is a spatially programmable projection system. This system uses the programmable spectral distributions from. the light source as basis functions to generate complex spatial scenes with true spectral content. Using this platform, sensor and system performance may be quantified in terms of the accuracy of measurements of standardized sets of complex source distributions. In essence, the programmable source will be a radiometric platform for advanced sensor characterization, enabling a pre-flight validation of the pre-flight calibration. The same platform can also serve as. a basis for algorithm testing and instrument comparison. With the same fundamental technology, platforms can be developed to cover the full reflected solar region; similar platforms can in principle be developed for the thermal IR region as well. C1 [Brown, S. W.; Myers, B.; Rice, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6825-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6677 BP 67705 EP 67705 DI 10.1117/12.731765 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BGZ44 UT WOS:000251496500004 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Johnson, BC Fowler, J AF Litorja, Maritoni Johnson, B. Carol Fowler, Joel BE Butler, JJ Xiong, J TI Area measurements of apertures for exo-atmospheric solar irradiance for JPL - art. no. 667708 SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XII CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE absolute radiometry; aperture area; solar irradiance AB A comparison of the area measurements of the limiting apertures used for total solar irradiance measurements in the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor II (ACRIM II) and Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor III (ACRIM III) were conducted between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The ACRIM apertures, due to their unique size and design, necessitated modifications to the NIST aperture measurement system. The changes and the validation procedures undertaken are described in this paper. This is part of a NASA Earth Observing System (EOS)-sponsored international comparison of aperture area measurements of apertures that have institutional heritage with historical solar irradiance measurements. C1 [Litorja, Maritoni; Johnson, B. Carol; Fowler, Joel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Butler, James/D-4188-2013 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6825-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6677 BP 67708 EP 67708 DI 10.1117/12.734578 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BGZ44 UT WOS:000251496500007 ER PT S AU Yu, FF Wu, XQF AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian Fred BE Butler, JJ Xiong, J TI Calibration of NOAA-17 AVHRR solar reflectance channels using the time series observation of the desert target - art. no. 66770Z SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XII CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NOAA AVHRR; vicarious calibration; degradation rate; and atmospheric correction ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; IR BANDS; SPACECRAFT; OCEAN AB NOAA has long term experience in the vicarious calibration of the solar reflectance channels of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard NOAA and Metop-A satellites. It has been providing the monthly operational calibration coefficients for all the operational AVHRRs over the past several years. The objective of this paper is to report our current results of the new version of AVHRR operational calibration algorithm. We use the maximum NDVI data and a thermal channel brightness temperature threshold to select non-vegetation pixels free of cloud and dust-storm. Water vapor correction is implemented for Channel 2 measurement. The integrated precipitable water vapor content is derived based on the linear relationship between the brightness temperature difference of the two AVHRR thermal channels and Terra MODIS water vapor products. The results show that this improved algorithm reduces the uncertainty of NOAA-17 AVHRR channel 1 and 2 calibration parameters. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] ERT Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), ERT Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6825-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6677 BP Z6770 EP Z6770 DI 10.1117/12.734532 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BGZ44 UT WOS:000251496500034 ER PT B AU Lei, Y Kacker, R Kuhn, DR Okun, V Lawrence, J AF Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu Kuhn, D. Richard Okun, Vadim Lawrence, James BE Leaney, J Rozenblit, JW Peng, J TI IPOG: A general strategy for T-way software testing SO ECBS 2007: 14TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOPS ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS: RAISING EXPECTATIONS OF COMPUTER-BASES SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS 2007) CY MAR 26-29, 2007 CL Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ SP IEEE Comp Soc, Conf Publ Serv, OECE HO Univ Arizona ID DESIGN AB Most existing work on t-way testing has focused on 2-way (or pairwise) testing, which aims to detect faults caused by interactions between any two parameters. However, faults can also be caused by interactions involving more than two parameters. In this paper, we generalize an existing strategy, called In-Parameter-Order (IPO), from pairwise testing to t-way testing. A major challenge of our generalization effort is dealing with the combinatorial growth in the number of combinations of parameter values. We describe a t-way testing tool, called FireEye, and discuss design decisions that are made to enable an efficient implementation of the generalized IPO strategy. We also report several experiments that are designed to evaluate the effectiveness of FireEye. C1 [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu; Kuhn, D. Richard; Okun, Vadim] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawrence, James] George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lei, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM ylei@cse.uta.edu; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov; vadim.okun@nist.gov; lawrence@gmu.edu FU Information Technology Lab (ITL) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB6D6192] FX The authors would like to thank Profs. Renee Bryce and Richard Carver for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. The authors would also like to thank Chinmay Jayaswal for conducting the experiments. This paper is also greatly improved by the anonymous review comments.This work is partly supported by a grant (Award No. 60NANB6D6192) from the Information Technology Lab (ITL) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2772-7 PY 2007 BP 549 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGD96 UT WOS:000246221500061 ER PT S AU Waples, RS Ford, MJ Schmitt, D AF Waples, Robin S. Ford, Michael J. Schmitt, Dietrich BE Bert, TM TI Empirical results of salmon supplementation in the northeast Pacific: A preliminary assessment SO ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES SE Reviews-Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities held at the Annual Meeting of the World-Aquaculture-Society CY MAY 04-05, 2000 CL Nice, FRANCE SP World Aquaculture Soc DE aquaculture; assessment; empirical; hatcheries; environment; Pacific salmon; review; supplementation ID HATCHERY AB For over a century, aquaculture of Pacific salmon has been used to provide increased harvest opportunities and to mitigate reductions in natural populations due to factors such as habitat destruction, overharvest, and blockage of migratory routes. More recently, attention has focused on the potential of hatchery propagation to reduce risks to and speed recovery of depleted natural populations. A large number of these "supplementation" programs have already been initiated and many more are planned, in spite of the fact that there is almost no empirical information oil their long-term effects. Here we present preliminary results of a survey of 22 salmon supplementation programs in northwestern North America. Rather than using a single measure of "success," we evaluated programs according to how well they have accomplished a series of specific objectives. Some major conclusions emerge from the review: (1) many supplementation programs have achieved a measure of success in the aspects of fish culture traditionally associated with salmon hatcheries (e.g., high egg-to-smolt survival; adult-to-adult replacement rates in excess of 1.0); (2) to date, however, little information is available about the performance of hatchery fish and their progeny in the natural environment. Therefore, the premise that hatchery supplementation can provide a net long-term benefit to a natural population is a hypothesis that has not yet been tested. This fact should be kept in mind in evaluating the appropriate use of supplementation programs. C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Ford, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schmitt, Dietrich] Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-3075 BN 978-1-4020-0884-9 J9 REV-METHODS TECHNOL JI Rev.-Methods Technol. Fish Biol. Fish. PY 2007 VL 6 BP 383 EP + PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHC95 UT WOS:000252239300021 ER PT J AU Spies, TA Johnson, KN Burnett, KM Ohmann, JL McComb, BC Reeves, GH Bettinger, P Kline, JD Garber-Yonts, B AF Spies, Thomas A. Johnson, K. Norman Burnett, Kelly M. Ohmann, Janet L. McComb, Brenda C. Reeves, Gordon H. Bettinger, Pete Kline, Jeffrey D. Garber-Yonts, Brian TI Cumulative ecological and socioeconomic effects of forest policies in Coastal Oregon SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; forest management; landscape patterns; old growth; ownership effects; salmon habitat; timber production; wildlife habitat ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DEBRIS FLOWS; USA; HABITAT; RANGE AB Forest biodiversity policies in multi-ownership landscapes are typically developed in an uncoordinated fashion with little consideration of their interactions or possible unintended cumulative effects. We conducted an assessment of some of the ecological and socioeconomic effects of recently enacted forest management policies in the 2.3-million-ha Coast Range Physiographic Province of Oregon. This mountainous area of conifer and hardwood forests includes a mosaic of landowners with a wide range of goals, from wilderness protection to high-yield timber production. We projected forest changes over 100 years in response to logging and development using models that integrate land use change and forest stand and landscape processes. We then assessed responses to those management activities using GIS models of stand structure and composition, landscape structure, habitat models for focal terrestrial and aquatic species, timber production, employment, and willingness to pay for biodiversity protection. Many of the potential outcomes of recently enacted policies are consistent with intended goals. For example, we project the area of structurally diverse older conifer forest and habitat for late successional wildlife species to strongly increase. Other outcomes might not be consistent with current policies: for example, hardwoods and vegetation diversity strongly decline within and across owners. Some elements of biodiversity, including streams with high potential habitat for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sites of potential oak woodland, occur predominately outside federal lands and thus were not affected by the strongest biodiversity policies. Except for federal lands, biodiversity policies were not generally characterized in sufficient detail to provide clear benchmarks against which to measure the progress or success. We conclude that land management institutions and policies are not well configured to deal effectively with ecological issues that span broad spatial and temporal scales and that alternative policies could be constructed that more effectively provide for a mix of forest values from this region. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NOAA, Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 46 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0005:CEASEO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155OV UT WOS:000245588400002 PM 17479831 ER PT J AU Johnson, KN Bettinger, P Kline, JD Spies, TA Lennette, M Lettman, G Garber-Yonts, B Larsen, T AF Johnson, K. Norman Bettinger, Pete Kline, Jeffrey D. Spies, Thomas A. Lennette, Marie Lettman, Gary Garber-Yonts, Brian Larsen, Tad TI Simulating forest structure, timber production, and socioeconomic effects in a multi-owner province SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity policy; land-owner behavior; landscape simulation; land-use change; Oregon Coast Range; timber harvest ID WESTERN OREGON; COAST RANGE; DISTURBANCE; GROWTH; RULES; USA AB Protecting biodiversity has become a major goal in managing coastal forests in the Pacific Northwest-an area in which human activities have had a significant influence on landscape change. A complex pattern of public and private forest ownership, combined with new regulations for each owner group, raises questions about how well and how efficiently these policies achieve their biodiversity goals. To develop a deeper understanding of the aggregate effect of forest policies, we simulated forest structures, timber production, and socioeconomic conditions over time for the mixture of private and public lands in the 2.3-million-ha Coast Range Physiographic Province of Oregon. To make these projections, we recognized both vegetative complexity at the stand level and spatial complexity at the landscape level. We focused on the two major factors influencing landscape change in the forests of the Coast Range: (1) land use, especially development for houses and cities, and (2) forest management, especially clearcutting. Our simulations of current policy suggest major changes in land use on the margins of the Coast Range, a divergence in forest structure among the different owners, an increase in old-growth forests, and a continuing loss of the structural elements associated with diverse young forests. Our simulations also suggest that current harvest levels can be approximately maintained, with the harvest coming almost entirely from private lands. A policy alternative that retained live trees for wildlife would increase remnant structures but at a cost to landowners (5-7% reduction in timber production). Another alternative that precluded thinning of plantations on federal land would significantly reduce the area of very large diameter (> 75 cm dbh) conifer forests 100 years into the future. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Mason Bruce & Girard Inc, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. NOAA, Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnson, KN (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Norm.Johnson@oregonstate.edu OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 34 EP 47 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0034:SFSTPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155OV UT WOS:000245588400004 PM 17479833 ER PT S AU Grimes, CB Brodeur, RD Mckinnell, SM Haldorson, LJ AF Grimes, Churchill B. Brodeur, Richard D. Mckinnell, Stewart M. Haldorson, Lewis J. BE Grimes, CB Brodeur, RD Haldorson, LJ McKinnell, SM TI An introduction to the ecology of juvenile salmon in the northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional comparisons SO ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE SALMON IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN: REGIONAL COMPARISONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ocean Ecology of Salmon in Western North America - Regional Comparisons CY SEP 12-13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SURVIVAL RATES; CLIMATE; PATTERNS; REGIME C1 [Grimes, Churchill B.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Mckinnell, Stewart M.; Haldorson, Lewis J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Grimes, CB (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-95-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 57 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BGZ67 UT WOS:000251607700001 ER PT S AU Orsi, JA Harding, JA Pool, SS Brodeur, RD Haldorson, LJ Murphy, JA Moss, JH Farley, EV Sweeting, RM Morris, JFT Emmett, RL Fergusson, EA AF Orsi, Joseph A. Harding, Jeffrey A. Pool, Suzan S. Brodeur, Richard D. Haldorson, Lewis J. Murphy, James A. Moss, Jamal H. Farley, Edward V., Jr. Sweeting, Ruston M. Morris, John F. T. Emmett, Robert L. Fergusson, Emily A. BE Grimes, CB Brodeur, RD Haldorson, LJ McKinnell, SM TI Epipelagic fish assemblages associated with juvenile Pacific salmon in neritic waters of the California current and the Alaska Current SO ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE SALMON IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN: REGIONAL COMPARISONS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ocean Ecology of Salmon in Western North America - Regional Comparisons CY SEP 12-13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CHINOOK SALMON; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MIGRATION PATTERNS; COHO SALMON; ABUNDANCE; WASHINGTON AB We compared epipelagic fish assemblages associated with juvenile (oceanage 0) Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. from neritic waters of the California Current and Alaska Current regions in the spring-summer and summer-fall periods of 2000-2004. Catches originated from rope trawl surveys conducted between latitudes 37 degrees N and 60 degrees N and spanned more than 1, 100 km in the coastal and inshore habitats of each region. Catch data were used from the epipelagic sampling of waters from near surface to depths of about 18 m, primarily over the continental shelf. Catch composition, frequency of occurrence, and density were evaluated between regions and habitats for day sampling. Diel (night and day) catch comparisons were also made at a few localities in each region. In day catches from both regions, a total of 1.69 million fish and squid representing 52 fish families and 118 fish species were sampled from 2,390 trawl hauls. Ninety-seven percent of the daytime catch was composed of I I fish families and squid in coastal and inshore habitats of each region: clupeids dominated catches in the California Current (72% and 76% of catch, respectively), and salmonids dominated catches in the Alaska Current (46% and 62% of catch, respectively). Juveniles comprised 81-99% of salmon sampled in both coastal and inshore habitats of each region. Frequencies of occurrence were highest for juvenile salmon in both regions, but average densities were highest for Pacific herring Clupea pallasii and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax in the California Current region. Cluster analyses revealed distinct geographic breakpoints in coastal species assemblages off central Vancouver Island and in inshore species assemblages in southeastern Alaska. Species were found to cluster into six groups from coastal localities and four groups from inshore localities. Indicator species analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that most species of juvenile salmonids were located in northern localities. Although juvenile salmon had the most uniform distribution of any species group, their densities relative to associated species were dramatically lower in the California Current, suggesting a higher degree of interactions between juvenile salmon and other species in this region. Diel comparisons in both regions indicated substantially higher catches at night, particularly of clupeids, osmerids, and gadids. Salmonids were a relatively minor component of the night catch in both regions due to dramatic diel shifts in community structure. Additional study of diel interactions of juvenile salmon and associated species is needed to quantify habitat utilization dynamics in marine ecosystems. C1 [Orsi, Joseph A.] Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Orsi, JA (reprint author), Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM joe.orsi@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-95-7 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2007 VL 57 BP 105 EP 155 PG 51 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BGZ67 UT WOS:000251607700005 ER PT S AU Brodeur, RD Daly, EA Sturdevant, MV Miller, TW Moss, JH Thiess, ME Trudel, M Weitkamp, LA Armstrong, J Norton, EC AF Brodeur, Richard D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Sturdevant, Molly V. Miller, Todd W. Moss, Jamal H. Thiess, Mary E. Trudel, Marc Weitkamp, Laurie A. Armstrong, Janet Norton, Elizabeth C. BE Grimes, CB Brodeur, RD Haldorson, LJ McKinnell, SM TI Regional comparisons of juvenile salmon feeding in coastal marine waters off the west coast of North America SO ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE SALMON IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN: REGIONAL COMPARISONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ocean Ecology of Salmon in Western North America - Regional Comparisons CY SEP 12-13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PINK SALMON; PACIFIC-SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CHUM SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Upon entering marine waters, juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. depend on feeding at high and sustained levels to achieve growth necessary for survival. In the last decade, several concurrent studies have been examining the food habits and feeding intensity of juvenile Pacific salmon in the shelf regions from California to the northern Gulf of Alaska. In this paper, we compared results from feeding studies for all five species of juvenile salmon (Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, coho salmon O. kisutch, chum salmon O. keta, sockeye salmon O. nerka, and pink salmon O. gorbuscha) between 2000 and 2002, years when these regions were sampled extensively. Within these years, we temporally stratified our samples to include early (May-July) and late (August-October) periods of ocean migration. Coho and Chinook salmon diets were most similar due to a high consumption of fish prey, whereas pink, chum, and sockeye salmon diets were more variable with no consistently dominant prey taxa. Salmon diets varied more spatially (by oceanographic and regional factors) than temporally (by season or year) in terms of percentage weight or volume of major prey categories. We also examined regional variations in feeding intensity based on stomach fullness (expressed as percent body weight) and percent of empty or overly full stomachs. Stomach fullness tended to be greater off Alaska than off the west coast of the United States, but the data were highly variable. Results from these comparisons provide a large-scale picture of juvenile salmon feeding in coastal waters throughout much of their range, allowing for comparison with available prey resources, growth, and survival patterns associated with the different regions. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-95-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 57 BP 183 EP 203 PG 21 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BGZ67 UT WOS:000251607700007 ER PT S AU Wertheimer, AC Thrower, FP AF Wertheimer, Alex C. Thrower, Frank P. BE Grimes, CB Brodeur, RD Haldorson, LJ McKinnell, SM TI Mortality rates of chum salmon during their early marine residency SO ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE SALMON IN THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN: REGIONAL COMPARISONS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ocean Ecology of Salmon in Western North America - Regional Comparisons CY SEP 12-13, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID CODED-WIRE TAGS; PINK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; SELECTIVE PREDATION; SPATIAL COVARIATION AB Interannual variability in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta mortality during early marine life is thought to have a major influence on recruitment. However, few estimates of daily mortality are available for chum salmon during this period, and average values reported in the literature are unrealistically high when used in a simple life-history model. We analyzed survival to adult of seven groups of chum salmon, marked as juveniles, and released at different times and sizes at Little Port Walter, Alaska to estimate average daily mortality during early marine residency for an early emigration group and a late emigration group. We assumed that differences in proportions of groups surviving to adult between the initial releases of unfed fry and subsequent releases of fed fry for each group were due to natural mortality during the time interval between releases. For both groups, mortality was highest during the period immediately after release, declining rapidly thereafter. Average daily mortality was 8.1% for the early release during their first 21d in the ocean and 3.9% for the late release during the first 32 d in the ocean. After May 4 (54 d and 33 d postrelease, respectively, for the early and late groups), average daily mortality was less than 0.6% for both groups. These results support the paradigm that most of the mortality of chum salmon in the ocean occurs early in their marine residency, and the results provide realistic rates for demographic modeling of the abundance of chum salmon in marine habitats. C1 [Wertheimer, Alex C.; Thrower, Frank P.] Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wertheimer, AC (reprint author), Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-95-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 57 BP 233 EP 247 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BGZ67 UT WOS:000251607700009 ER PT B AU Singhal, A AF Singhal, Anoop GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Web services security: Challenges and techniques SO Eighth IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks CY JUN 13-15, 2007 CL Bologna, ITALY SP IEEE, EMANICS, IEEE Comp Soc, CPS AB Web Services based computing is currently an important driver for the software industry. While several standards bodies (such as W3C and OASIS) are laying the foundation for Web Services Security, several research problems must be solved to make secure Web Services a reality. This paper describes techniques for Web Services Security and some of the challenges for the future. C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Singhal, A (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2767-3 PY 2007 BP 282 EP 282 DI 10.1109/POLICY.2007.50 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGL75 UT WOS:000248228900045 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP AF Eppeldauer, George P. BE Huckridge, DA Ebert, R TI Uniform calibration of night vision goggles and test sets - art. no. 67370M SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems - Technology and Applications IV CY SEP 18-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE calibration; night vision goggle; radiance; radiometer; scale transfer; spectral responsivity; test-set AB There are orders of magnitude differences between the similar to 0.1 % (k=2) uncertainty of NIST reference detector calibrations and the uncertainty of night vision (NV) goggle measurements. NIST developed a night vision radiometer calibration facility and NV radiometer transfer standards. The transfer standards, that propagate the radiance responsivity scale to the military primary standards laboratories, are calibrated against a NIST reference radiometer. The reference radiometer has been calibrated on the NIST Spectral Comparator Facility (SCF) for spectral power and irradiance responsivities. Spectral considerations are discussed to lower the uncertainties of the radiance responsivity scale transfer to the test sets and then to the goggles. Since direct determination of the final uncertainties in goggle calibrations and measurements is difficult, models have been made to estimate the most important uncertainty components based on individual spectral measurements of the source distributions and radiometer spectral responsivities. It is also shown, that because of source spectral mismatch problems, the goggle measurement uncertainty at applications can be much higher than at calibration. A suggestion is being made to mimic the no-moon (stars only) night sky radiation distribution using several LEDs in the test-sets to decrease the large spectral mismatch errors. A broad-band correction factor has been developed to further decrease calibration uncertainty when the goggles to be used have different spectral responsivities than the standard. Geometrical considerations to optimize the radiance measurement angle and the out-of-target blocking are also discussed to decrease the uncertainty in the radiance responsivity transfer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6895-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6737 BP M7370 EP M7370 DI 10.1117/12.737814 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHK45 UT WOS:000253840400019 ER PT J AU Chung, J Nagy, JG O'Leary, DP AF Chung, Julianne Nagy, James G. O'Leary, Dianne P. TI A WEIGHTED-GCV METHOD FOR LANCZOS-HYBRID REGULARIZATION SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE generalized cross validation; ill-posed problems; iterative methods; Lanczos bidiagonalization; LSQR; regularization; Tikhonov ID ILL-POSED PROBLEMS; TIKHONOV REGULARIZATION; BIDIAGONALIZATION ALGORITHM; KRONECKER PRODUCT; ITERATIVE METHODS; LINEAR-EQUATIONS; LEAST-SQUARES; APPROXIMATION; PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS AB Lanczos-hybrid regularization methods have been proposed as effective approaches for solving large-scale ill-posed inverse problems. Lanczos methods restrict the solution to lie in a Krylov subspace, but they are hindered by semi-convergence behavior, in that the quality of the solution first increases and then decreases. Hybrid methods apply a standard regularization technique, such as Tikhonov regularization, to the projected problem at each iteration. Thus, regularization in hybrid methods is achieved both by Krylov filtering and by appropriate choice of a regularization parameter at each iteration. In this paper we describe a weighted generalized cross validation (W-GCV) method for choosing the parameter. Using this method we demonstrate that the semi-convergence behavior of the Lanczos method can be overcome, making the solution less sensitive to the number of iterations. C1 [Chung, Julianne; Nagy, James G.] Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [O'Leary, Dianne P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chung, J (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmchung@mathcs.emory.edu; nagy@mathcs.emory.edu; oleary@cs.umd.edu FU DOE Computational Sciences; NSF [DMS-05-11454, CCF 0514213]; Emory University Research Committee FX The work of the first author was supported in part by a DOE Computational Sciences Graduate Research Fellowship. The work of the second author was supported in part by NSF grant DMS-05-11454 and by an Emory University Research Committee grant. The work of the third author was supported in part by NSF Grant CCF 0514213. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 149 EP 167 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 367FC UT WOS:000260536900010 ER PT B AU Camell, D Johnk, RT AF Camell, Dennis Johnk, Robert T. GP LAB ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND MICROWAVE ELECT TI Time-domain processing to determine free-space antenna factor SO EMC ZURICH-MUNICH 2007, SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Lab Electromagnet Field & Microwave Elect, Munich, GERMANY SP Electrosuisse, IET Switzerland, URSI, CST, Rohde & Schwarz, ETH Zurich, Inst High Frequency Eng, Tech Univ Munchen HO Lab Electromagnet Field & Microwave Elect AB This paper demonstrates the usefulness of time-domain processing to determine free-space antenna factors (FSAF) for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) antennas. Procedures are explained and data are provided from 30 MHz to 9 GHz. We investigate time gating of dense frequency packed insertion loss data obtained with an ultrawideband measurement system. These results show the advantage of time-domain signal processing to provide reliable results for the free-space antenna factors of EMC antennas. C1 [Camell, Dennis; Johnk, Robert T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Camell, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ETH FOUNDATION ZURICH PI ZURICH PA NIEDERDORFSTRASSE 88, ZURICH, 8001, GERMANY BN 978-3-9523286-1-3 PY 2007 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BHK11 UT WOS:000253707800102 ER PT S AU Hill, SB Ermanoski, I Tarrio, C Lucatorto, TB Madey, TE Bajt, S Fang, M Chandhok, M AF Hill, S. B. Ermanoski, I. Tarrio, C. Lucatorto, T. B. Madey, T. E. Bajt, S. Fang, M. Chandhok, M. BE Lercel, MJ TI Critical parameters influencing the EUV-induced damage of Ru-capped multilayer mirrors - art. no. 65171G SO Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; reflectometry; EUV optics; ruthenium films; lifetime testing ID SURFACE PHENOMENA; OPTICS AB Endurance testing of Ru-capped multilayer mirrors (MLMs) at the NIST synchrotron facility has revealed that the damage resulting from EUV irradiation in a water-dominated environment is nonlinear and may be influenced by competing oxidation and carbon-deposition processes. Concurrent results from two different environmental chambers reveal non-intuitive relationships between reflectivity loss and the admitted water-vapor partial pressure, the ambient background-gas composition, the presence or absence of hot filaments in the chamber, the EUV intensity and the irradiation dose. We discuss possible mechanisms and propose further experiments to test them. Determining the MLM lifetime from accelerated tests is a very difficult task. It is crucial that any lifetime testing procedure involves duplicate exposures for consistency, and, if possible, testing in multiple facilities. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. RP Hill, SB (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6517 BP G5171 EP G5171 AR 65171G DI 10.1117/12.712286 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900012 ER PT S AU Ro, HW Lee, HJ Lin, EK Karim, A Hines, DR Yoon, DY Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Lee, Hae-Jeong Lin, Eric K. Karim, Alamgir Hines, Daniel R. Yoon, Do Y. Soles, Christopher L. BE Lercel, MJ TI Nanoimprint lithography for the direct patterning of nanoporous interlayer dielectric insulator materials SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES XI, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XI CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, SEMATECH DE nanoimprint lithography; direct patterning; low-k dielectric; nanoporous; pattern fidelity; specular X-ray reflectivity ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; COPOLYMERS; FILMS AB Directly patterning dielectric insulator materials for semiconductor devices via nanoimprint lithography has the potential to simplify fabrication processes and reduce manufacturing costs. However, the prospect of mechanically forming these materials, especially when they are highly porous, raises concerns about their physical integrity. We report the direct imprinting of 100 nm parallel line-space patterns into a high modulus poly(methylsilsesquioxane)-based organosilicate thin film that is capable, in its non-patterned form, of meeting the ultra-low dielectric constant requirement of k approximate to 2.3. Immediately after imprinting a (5 to 10) % shrinkage in the pattern height of the partially vitrified patterns relative to the mold is quantified using X-ray reflectivity. Nanoscopic pores with an average diameter of approximately 2.2 nm are then generated in the patterns at high temperatures, through the volatilization a second phase porogen, while the material simultaneously vitrifies into a glassy organosilicate network. Pattern shape changes upon vitrification are also quntified and indicating that a 12 % reduction in the pattern height of the porogen-loaded imprint is observed with very little change in the pattern width. For a imprint without the added porogen, the shrinkage is still anisotropic in the height direction, but reduced approximately by 4 %. Our results show that nanoporous low-k patterns can be replicated via nanoimprint lithography with very little loss in the pattern quality. C1 NIST, Div Polymer, 100 Bureau Drive, stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ro, HW (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, 100 Bureau Drive, stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov FU Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of Brain Korea 21 Project; NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX This work was supported in part by the System IC 2010 Project of Korea, the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of Brain Korea 21 Project, and the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6636-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6517 AR 651715 DI 10.1117/12.712347 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGG57 UT WOS:000246685900035 ER PT B AU Barkmeyer, EJ Denno, P AF Barkmeyer, E. J. Denno, P. BE Goncalves, RJ Muller, JP Mertins, K Zelm, M TI On capturing information requirements in process specifications SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY II: NEW CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications (I-ESA 2007) CY MAR 27-30, 2007 CL Madeira Isl, PORTUGAL DE process modelling; information modelling; information requirements; ontologies C1 [Barkmeyer, E. J.; Denno, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Denno, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.barkmeyer@nist.gov; peter.denno@nist.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-857-9 PY 2007 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-858-6_41 PG 12 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BGA14 UT WOS:000245746200041 ER PT B AU Miletic, I Vujasinovic, M Ivezic, N Marjanovic, Z AF Miletic, I. Vujasinovic, M. Ivezic, N. Marjanovic, Z. BE Goncalves, RJ Muller, JP Mertins, K Zelm, M TI Enabling semantic mediation for business applications: XML-RDF, RDF-XML and XSD-RDFS transformations SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY II: NEW CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications (I-ESA 2007) CY MAR 27-30, 2007 CL Madeira Isl, PORTUGAL DE transformation; XML; RDF; semantic interoperability; business applications AB In this paper, we describe results of our work in developing transformation tools that enable use of RDF-based Semantic Mediation tools for integration of business applications that have implemented XML Schema-based interfaces. Specifically, we are concerned with validating advanced Semantic Mediation solutions that required XML to RDF, RDF to XML, and the XML Schema to the RDF Schema transformations to be used by these business applications. To use the advanced integration solutions we developed all three of these transformations. We discuss the requirements for the transformation tool posed by the Semantic Mediation approach in the context of a business-to-business scenario. We analyze the related work and various related approaches. We describe our implemented transformation approach and explain the intended use of the resulting tool within a typical usage scenario. C1 [Miletic, I.; Vujasinovic, M.; Ivezic, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miletic, I.; Vujasinovic, M.; Marjanovic, Z.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Org Sci, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. RP Miletic, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.miletic@nist.gov; marko.vujasinovic@nist.gov; nenad.ivezic@nist.gov; marjanovic.zoran@fon.bq.ac.yu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-857-9 PY 2007 BP 483 EP 494 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-858-6_53 PG 12 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BGA14 UT WOS:000245746200053 ER PT B AU Kim, J Kulvatunyou, S AF Kim, J. Kulvatunyou, S. BE Goncalves, RJ Muller, JP Mertins, K Zelm, M TI An iterative procedure for efficient testing of B2B: A case in messaging service tests SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY II: NEW CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications (I-ESA 2007) CY MAR 27-30, 2007 CL Madeira Isl, PORTUGAL DE conformance and interoperability testing; B2B messaging service; interoperability of E-Business solutions; tools for interoperability AB Testing is a necessary step in systems integration. Testing in the context of inter-enterprise, business-to-business (B2B) integration is more difficult and expensive than intra-enterprise integration. Traditionally, the difficulty is alleviated by conducting the testing in two stages: conformance testing and then interoperability testing. In conformance testing, systems are tested independently against a referenced system. In interoperability testing, they are tested simultaneously against one another. In the traditional approach for testing, these two stages are performed sequentially with little feedback between them. In addition, test results and test traces are left only to human analysis or even discarded if the solution passes the test. This paper proposes an approach where test results and traces from both the conformance and interoperability tests are analyzed for potential interoperability issues; conformance test cases are then derived from the analysis. The result is that more interoperability issues can be resolved in the lower-cost conformance testing mode; consequently, time and cost required for achieving interoperable solutions are reduced. C1 [Kim, J.; Kulvatunyou, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jaewook@nist.gov; serm@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-857-9 PY 2007 BP 647 EP 658 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-858-6_72 PG 12 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BGA14 UT WOS:000245746200072 ER PT B AU Snelick, R Rontey, P Gebase, L Carnahan, L AF Snelick, R. Rontey, P. Gebase, L. Carnahan, L. BE Goncalves, RJ Muller, JP Mertins, K Zelm, M TI Towards interoperable healthcare information systems: The HL7 conformance profile approach SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY II: NEW CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications (I-ESA 2007) CY MAR 27-30, 2007 CL Madeira Isl, PORTUGAL DE conformance testing; healthcare; interoperability; message profile; messaging systems AB Typical healthcare organizations have many proprietary heterogeneous information systems that must exchange data reliably. Seamlessly sharing information among systems is complex. The widely adopted HL7 version 2 messaging standard has helped the process of systems integration. However, using the HL7 standard alone does not ensure system interoperability. The HL7 standard offers a wide range of options. Trading partners, without prior agreement, are not likely to implement options that are compatible. As a result, interoperability is stifled and organizations are left to employ their own ad hoc solutions. Conformance message profiles provide the solution to this problem. Message profiles define a standard template that provides a precise definition of the data exchanged between applications in a common format. Defining a set of message profiles for controlling message exchanges establishes a well defined communications interface among organizations and facilitates interoperability. We present a methodology based on message profiles for defining, implementing, and testing HL7 interfaces. We demonstrate how the use of message profiles improve system interoperability and present a collection of tools that we have developed to facilitate the use of message profiles. C1 [Snelick, R.; Gebase, L.; Carnahan, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rontey, P.] US Vet Adm, Messaging & Interface Serv, VHA Off Informat, Albany, NY 12208 USA. RP Snelick, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rsnelick@nist.gov; peter.rontey@va.gov; lgebase@nist.gov; lisa.carnahan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-857-9 PY 2007 BP 659 EP 670 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-858-6_73 PG 12 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BGA14 UT WOS:000245746200073 ER PT B AU Novicic, I Kokovic, Z Jakovljevic, N Ljubicic, V Bacetic, M Anicic, N Marjanovic, Z Ivezic, N AF Novicic, I. Kokovic, Z. Jakovljevic, N. Ljubicic, V. Bacetic, M. Anicic, N. Marjanovic, Z. Ivezic, N. BE Goncalves, RJ Muller, JP Mertins, K Zelm, M TI A case study in business application development using open source and semantic web technologies SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY II: NEW CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications (I-ESA 2007) CY MAR 27-30, 2007 CL Madeira Isl, PORTUGAL DE business application development; Semantic Web; open source; interoperability C1 [Novicic, I.; Kokovic, Z.; Jakovljevic, N.; Ljubicic, V.; Bacetic, M.; Anicic, N.; Marjanovic, Z.] Fac Org Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Ivezic, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Novicic, I (reprint author), Fac Org Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. EM monicic.ivana@fon.bg.ac.yu; kokovic.zoran@fon.bg.ac.yu; jakov@fon.bg.ac.yu; jevic.niksa@fon.bg.ac.yu; bacetic.marko@fon.bg.ac.yu; anicic.nenad@fon.bg.ac.yu; marjanovic.zoran@tbn.bg.ac.yu; nivezic@nist.gov RI Anicic, Nenad/J-9545-2016 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-857-9 PY 2007 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-858-6_78 PG 4 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BGA14 UT WOS:000245746200078 ER PT B AU Anicic, N Ivezic, N Marjanovic, Z AF Anicic, Nenad Ivezic, Nenad Marjanovic, Zoran BE Doumeingts, G Muller, J Morel, G Vallespir, B TI Mapping XML schema to OWL SO ENTERPRISE INTEROPERABILITY: NEW CHALLENGES AND APPROACHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Interoperability for Enterprise Software and Applications CY MAR 20-24, 2006 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP ESA, Interop, LAPS, IFAC, IFIP, Univ Bordeaux, Aquitaine, GdR MACS, Athena, CNRS, Adeiso, ENSEIRB DE OWL; XML schema; RDF; production rules; mappings C1 [Anicic, Nenad; Marjanovic, Zoran] Univ Belgrade, Fac Org Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Marjanovic, Zoran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Anicic, N (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Org Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. RI Anicic, Nenad/J-9545-2016 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84628-713-8 PY 2007 BP 243 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84628-714-5_23 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BGB64 UT WOS:000245920500023 ER PT J AU Kuffner, IB Brock, JC Grober-Dunsmore, R Bonito, VE Hickey, TD Wright, CW AF Kuffner, Ilsa B. Brock, John C. Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Bonito, Victor E. Hickey, T. Donald Wright, C. Wayne TI Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE habitat; mapping; marine protected areas; coral reef management; remote sensing; topographic complexity ID CORAL-REEF; HABITAT COMPLEXITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SIZE; ASSOCIATION; BARBADOS AB The realization that coral reef ecosystem management must occur across multiple spatial scales and habitat types has led scientists and resource managers to seek variables that are easily measured over large areas and correlate well with reef resources. Here we investigate the utility of new technology in airborne laser surveying (NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL)) in assessing topographical complexity (rugosity) to predict reef fish community structure on shallow (< 10 m deep) patch reefs. Marine portions of Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA, were surveyed remotely using the EAARL, and reef fish populations were visually surveyed on 10 patch reefs at independent, randomly selected stations (n = 10-13 per reef). Rugosity at each station was assessed in situ by divers using the traditional chain-transect method (10-m scale), and remotely using the EAARL submarine topography data at multiple spatial scales (2, 5, and 10 m). The rugosity and biological datasets were analyzed together to elucidate the predictive power of EAARL rugosity in describing the variance in reef fish community variables and to assess the correlation between chain-transect and EAARL rugosity. EAARL rugosity was not well correlated with chain-transect rugosity, or with species richness of fishes (although statistically significant, the amount of variance explained by the model was very low). Variance in reef fish community attributes was better explained in reef-by-reef variability than by physical variables. However, once the reef-by-reef variability was taken into account in a two-way analysis of variance, the importance of rugosity could be seen on individual reefs. Fish species richness and abundance were statistically higher at high rugosity stations compared to medium and low rugosity stations, as predicted by prior ecological research. The EAARL shows promise as an important mapping tool for reef resource managers as they strive to inventory and protect coral reef resources. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, NMFS, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Kuffner, IB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM ikuffner@usgs.gov RI Kuffner, Ilsa/A-6416-2008; OI Kuffner, Ilsa/0000-0001-8804-7847 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9078-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 114YP UT WOS:000242701900006 ER PT J AU Johnson, LL Ylitalo, GM Arkoosh, MR Kagley, AN Stafford, C Bolton, JL Buzitis, J Anulacion, BF Collier, TK AF Johnson, Lyndal L. Ylitalo, Gina M. Arkoosh, Mary R. Kagley, Anna N. Stafford, Coral Bolton, Jennie L. Buzitis, Jon Anulacion, Bernadita F. Collier, Tracy K. TI Contaminant exposure in outmigrant juvenile salmon from Pacific Northwest estuaries of the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE chinook salmon; coho salmon; contaminants; PAHs; PCBs; DDTs; pesticides; Washington; Oregon; estuary ID STURGEON ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; CHINOOK ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; COLUMBIA RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; LIFE-HISTORY; PUGET-SOUND; ORGANOCHLORINE CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AB To better understand the dynamics of contaminant uptake in outmigrant,juvenile salmon in the Pacific Northwest, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides were measured in tissues and prey of juvenile chinook and coho salmon from several estuaries and hatcheries in the US Pacific Northwest. PCBs, DDTs, and PAHs were found in tissues (whole bodies or bile) and stomach contents of chinook and coho salmon sampled from all estuaries, as well as in chinook salmon from hatcheries. Organochlorine pesticides were detected less frequently. Of the two species sampled, chinook salmon had the highest whole body contaminant concentrations, typically 2-5 times higher than coho salmon from the same sites. In comparison to estuarine chinook salmon, body burdens of PCBs and DDTs in hatchery chinook were relatively high, in part because of the high lipid content of the hatchery fish. Concentrations of PCBs were highest in chinook salmon from the Duwamish Estuary, the Columbia River and Yaquina Bay, exceeding the NOAA Fisheries' estimated threshold for adverse health effects of 2400 ng/g lipid. Concentrations of DDTs were especially high in juvenile chinook salmon from the Columbia River and Nisqually Estuary; concentrations of PAH metabolites in bile were highest in chinook salmon from the Duwamish Estuary and Grays Harbor. Juvenile chinook salmon are likely absorbing some contaminants during estuarine residence through their prey, as PCBs, PAHs, and DDTs were consistently present in stomach contents, at concentrations significantly correlated with contaminant body burdens in fish from the same sites. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Johnson, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lyndal.l.johnson@noaa.gov NR 93 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 124 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s10661-006-9216-7 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135UM UT WOS:000244179400012 PM 16957861 ER PT J AU Kapuscinski, AR Hard, JJ Paulson, KM Neira, R Ponniah, A Kamonrat, W Mwanja, W Fleming, IA Gallardo, J Devlin, RH Trisak, J AF Kapuscinski, A. R. Hard, J. J. Paulson, K. M. Neira, R. Ponniah, A. Kamonrat, W. Mwanja, W. Fleming, I. A. Gallardo, J. Devlin, R. H. Trisak, J. BE Kapuscinski, AR Hayes, KR Li, S Dana, G TI Approaches to Assessing Gene Flow SO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS, VOL 3: METHODOLOGIES FOR TRANSGENIC FISH SE Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; TRANSGENIC COHO SALMON; NEUTRAL MOLECULAR VARIATION; POSSIBLE ECOLOGICAL RISKS; ESCAPED FARMED SALMON; PINK SALMON; SALAR L.; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; GREAT-LAKES C1 [Kapuscinski, A. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Devlin, R. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. [Fleming, I. A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Gallardo, J.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Escuela Ciencias Mar, Valparaiso, Chile. [Hard, J. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kamonrat, W.] Govt Thailand, Dept Fisheries, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Neira, R.] Univ Chile, Dept Anim Prod, Santiago, Chile. [Paulson, K. M.] Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Trisak, J.] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Fishery Management, Fac Fisheries, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Ponniah, A.] WorldFish Ctr, George Town, Malaysia. [Ponniah, A.] Cent Inst Brackishwater Aquaculture, Madras 600028, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Kapuscinski, AR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 200 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kapus001@umn.edu; Jeff.Hard@noaa.gov; kmp@umn.edu; rneira@uchile.cl; agponniah@gmail.com; wongpatk@fisheries.go.th; wwmwanja@yahoo.com; ifleming@mun.ca; jose.gallardo@ucv.cl; devlinr@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; jiraporn.t@ku.ac.th; kapus001@umn.edu RI Neira, Roberto /H-3964-2013 OI Neira, Roberto /0000-0002-9434-5290 NR 104 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-296-1 J9 ENV RISK ASSESS GENE PY 2007 VL 3 BP 112 EP 150 D2 10.1079/9781845932961.0000 PG 39 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BVY09 UT WOS:000293122700006 ER PT J AU Senanan, W Hard, JJ Alcivar-Warren, A Trisak, J Zakaraia-Ismail, M Hernandez, ML AF Senanan, W. Hard, J. J. Alcivar-Warren, A. Trisak, J. Zakaraia-Ismail, M. Lorenzo Hernandez, M. BE Kapuscinski, AR Hayes, KR Li, S Dana, G TI Risk Management: Post-approval Monitoring and Remediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS, VOL 3: METHODOLOGIES FOR TRANSGENIC FISH SE Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; COMMON CARP; UNIT-EFFORT; STATISTICAL POWER; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; CATCH; GENE; CATCHABILITY C1 [Senanan, W.] Burapha Univ, Dept Aquat Sci, Bangsaen 20131, Chonburi, Thailand. [Hard, J. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Trisak, J.] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Fishery Management, Fac Fisheries, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Alcivar-Warren, A.] Tufts Univ, Environm & Comparat Genom Sect, Dept Environm & Populat Hlth, Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Zakaraia-Ismail, M.] Univ Malaya, Div Environm Sci, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Senanan, W (reprint author), Burapha Univ, Dept Aquat Sci, Bangsaen 20131, Chonburi, Thailand. EM wansuk@buu.ac.th; Jeff.Hard@noaa.gov; acacia.warren@tufts.edu; jiraporn.t@ku.ac.th; zakaraia@um.edu.my; mlhdez@infomed.sld.cu NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-296-1 J9 ENV RISK ASSESS GENE PY 2007 VL 3 BP 239 EP 271 D2 10.1079/9781845932961.0000 PG 33 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BVY09 UT WOS:000293122700010 ER PT J AU Greig, DJ Ylitalo, GM Hall, AJ Fauquier, DA Gulland, FMD AF Greig, Denise J. Ylitalo, Gina M. Hall, Ailsa J. Fauquier, Deborah A. Gulland, Frances M. D. TI Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; DDTs; organochlorines; fetus; placenta ID CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; MARINE BIOTA; SABLE-ISLAND; NOVA-SCOTIA AB The transplacental transfer of organochlorines (OCs) in California sea lions (Zalopluts californianus) was investigated by analyzing blubber samples from 20 female sea lions and their fetuses during the last trimester of pregnancy. A rapid, high-performance liquid chromatographic, photodiode-array method was used to measure blubber concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including dioxin-like congeners, as well as DDTs and hexachlorohenzene. Summed values of PCBs (Sigma PCBs), of DDTs (Sigma DDTs), and of PCB toxic equivalents (Sigma PCB TEQs) were calculated from these data. The ratios of mean blubber concentrations of fetal IPCBs to maternal blubber concentrations of Sigma PCBs were 0.45 by wet weight and 0.97 by lipid weight, but these ratios varied widely among, mother-fetus pairs. Mean ratios of fetal Sigma DDTs to maternal Sigma DDTs were 0.53 by wet weight and 1.12 by lipid weight. Fetuses were classified into two age group, based on date of recovery, to examine differences it OC transfer because of gestational age. Fetal to maternal ratios for individual PCB congeners. DDT compounds, and Sigma PCBs, Sigma DDTs, and Sigma PCB TEQs were lower among premature compared with late-term fetuses. These ratios increased for both groups as the logarithmic n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log K-ow) for each compound decreased. Linear predictions for Sigma PCB and Sigma DDT concentrations in fetal blubber Could he obtained using the Sigma PCB and Sigma DDT concentrations in maternal blubber, maternal and fetal blubber lipid content. maternal mass, and maternal age. Fetal TEQ was explained by maternal TEQ and maternal age. The ability to predict contaminant concentrations in fetal blubber front maternal parameters is important for developing risk assessment models for marine mammals. C1 Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Gatty Marine Lab, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Greig, DJ (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 1065 Fort Cronkhite, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM greigd@tmmc.org RI Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011 NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1897/05-609R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 123KC UT WOS:000243293800004 PM 17269457 ER PT J AU Schuler, LJ Landrum, PF Lydy, MJ AF Schuler, Lance J. Landrum, Peter F. Lydy, Michael J. TI Response spectrum of fluoranthene and pentachlorobenzene for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fathead minnow; fluoranthene; pentachlorobenzene; whole-body residue; sublethal effects ID FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; TIME-DEPENDENT TOXICITY; DAMAGE ASSESSMENT MODEL; FISH GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; LETHAL BODY RESIDUES; EARLY-LIFE-STAGES; HYALELLA-AZTECA; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Internal body residue has been recognized its a potential dose metric for toxicological assessments. This relationship between body residue and biological effects, including both lethal and sublethal effects, is critically important for determining environmental quality in risk assessments. The present study identified the toxic equivalent body residues for fluoranthene (FLU) and pentachlorobenzene (PCBz) associated with mortality, reduced growth, and decreased hatchability in the fathead minnow. The toxic equivalent body residue was defined as the total of the parent compound and the organically extractable metabolites for FLU and of the parent compound only for PCBz, because no biotransformation was measurable. The lethal body residues corresponding to 50% mortality were 0.80 and 1.26 mu mol/g wet weight for FLU and PCBz, respectively. As expected, residues associated with sublethal effects generally are 2- to 40-fold lower than the lethal residues for FLU and PCBz. Juvenile fish growth was the most sensitive endpoint examined for both compounds. The maximum allowable toxicant residues were 0.02 and 0.43 mu mol/g wet weight for FLU and PCBz, respectively. The information collected front the present study will permit a greater understanding of residue-response relationships, which will be useful in risk assessments. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1897/06-169R.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 123KC UT WOS:000243293800018 PM 17269471 ER PT J AU Kelble, CR Johns, EM Nuttle, WK Lee, TN Smith, RH Ortner, PB AF Kelble, Christopher R. Johns, Elizabeth M. Nuttle, William K. Lee, Thomas N. Smith, Ryan H. Ortner, Peter B. TI Salinity patterns of Florida Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE USA; Florida; Florida Bay; salinity gradient; environmental monitoring; spatial distribution; seasonal variability ID WATER-QUALITY; WIND; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE; CHANNELS; HISTORY; ORIGIN; TRENDS; KEYS AB The salinity of Florida Bay has undergone dramatic changes over the past century. Salinity values reached their most extreme, up to 70, in the late 1980s, concurrent with ecological changes in Florida Bay including a mass seagrass die-off. In this study, surface salinity was measured at approximately monthly intervals between 1998 and 2004. The 7-year data set was analyzed to quantify the effects of precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and climatic variability on salinity in Florida Bay. Overall mean Bay-wide salinity varied from a low of 24.2 just after the passing of Hurricane Irene in October 1999 to a high of 41.8 near the end of a drought period in July 2001. Bay-wide mean salinity exhibited dramatic decreases, up to -0.5 per day, whereas increases were slower, with a maximum rate of 0.1 per day. The freshwater budget for Florida Bay was slightly negative on an annual basis with significant positive monthly values observed during the peak of the rainy season (August through October) and significant negative monthly values observed during the peak of the dry season (March through May). This resulted in a minimum mean monthly Bay-wide salinity in January and a maximum monthly mean in July. Mean salinity for the overall Bay and for each of its four sub-regions could be predicted with reasonable accuracy utilizing a mass balance box model. There was no monotonic trend in salinity over this 7-year study; however, meteorological phenomena, such as tropical cyclones and El Nino-Southern Oscillation, dramatically altered the salinity patterns of Florida Bay on interannual time scales. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, RSMAS, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kelble, CR (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chris.kelble@noaa.gov; libby.johns@noaa.gov; wnuttle@eco-hydrology.com; tlee@rsmas.miami.edu; ryan.smith@noaa.gov; peter.ortner@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 318 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.08.006 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 126IH UT WOS:000243506100031 ER PT J AU Gentile, C Kik, A AF Gentile, Camillo Kik, Alfred TI A comprehensive evaluation of indoor ranging using ultra-wideband technology SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID RADIO PROPAGATION CHANNEL; TOA ESTIMATION AB Ultra-wideband technology shows promise for precision ranging due to its fine time resolution to resolve multipath fading and the presence of lower frequencies in the baseband to penetrate walls. While a concerted effort has been conducted in the extensive modeling of the indoor UWB channel in recent years, to our knowledge only two papers have reported ranging performance, but for limited range and fixed bandwidth and center frequency. In principle, boosting power can guarantee connectivity between transmitter and receiver, but not precision due to the distorting effects of walls and other objects in the direct path. In order to gauge the limits of UWB ranging, we carry out 5000 measurements up to an unprecedented 45m in non-line-of-sight conditions in four separate buildings with dominant wall material varying from sheet rock to steel. In addition, we report performance for varying bandwidth and center frequency of the system. Copyright (c) 2007 C. Gentile and A. Kik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1687-1472 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2007 AR 86031 DI 10.1155/2007/86031 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 192SC UT WOS:000248221600001 ER PT J AU Lapp, H Bala, S Balhoff, JP Bouck, A Goto, N Holder, M Holland, R Holloway, A Katayama, T Lewis, PO Mackey, AJ Osborne, BI Piel, WH Pond, SLK Poon, AFY Qiu, WG Stajich, JE Stoltzfus, A Thierer, T Vilella, AJ Vos, RA Zmasek, CM Zwickl, DJ Vision, TJ AF Lapp, Hilmar Bala, Sendu Balhoff, James P. Bouck, Amy Goto, Naohisa Holder, Mark Holland, Richard Holloway, Alisha Katayama, Toshiaki Lewis, Paul O. Mackey, Aaron J. Osborne, Brian I. Piel, William H. Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Poon, Art F. Y. Qiu, Wei-Gang Stajich, Jason E. Stoltzfus, Arlin Thierer, Tobias Vilella, Albert J. Vos, Rutger A. Zmasek, Christian M. Zwickl, Derrick J. Vision, Todd J. TI The 2006 NESCent Phyloinformatics Hackathon: A Field Report SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; phyloinformatics; open source software; analysis workflow AB In December, 2006, a group of 26 software developers from some of the most widely used life science programming toolkits and phylogenetic software projects converged on Durham, North Carolina, for a Phyloinformatics Hackathon, an intense five-day collaborative software coding event sponsored by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent). The goal was to help researchers to integrate multiple phylogenetic software tools into automated workflows. Participants addressed deficiencies in interoperability between programs by implementing "glue code" and improving support for phylogenetic data exchange standards (particularly NEXUS) across the toolkits. The work was guided by use-cases compiled in advance by both developers and users, and the code was documented as it was developed. The resulting software is freely available for both users and developers through incorporation into the distributions of several widely-used open-source toolkits. We explain the motivation for the hackathon, how it was organized, and discuss some of the outcomes and lessons learned. We conclude that hackathons are an effective mode of solving problems in software interoperability and usability, and are underutilized in scientific software development. C1 [Lapp, Hilmar; Balhoff, James P.; Zwickl, Derrick J.; Vision, Todd J.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Bala, Sendu] MRC, Dunn Human Nutr Unit, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. [Bouck, Amy; Vision, Todd J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Goto, Naohisa] Osaka Univ, Microbial Dis Res Inst, Genome Informat Res Ctr, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Holder, Mark] Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Holland, Richard; Vilella, Albert J.] EMBL European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Holloway, Alisha] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Katayama, Toshiaki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Ctr Human Genome, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1080071, Japan. [Lewis, Paul O.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Mackey, Aaron J.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Osborne, Brian I.] ZBio LLC, Nyack, NY 10960 USA. [Piel, William H.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky; Poon, Art F. Y.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Comparat Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky; Poon, Art F. Y.] Univ Calif San Diego, Antiviral Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Qiu, Wei-Gang] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Biol Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Stajich, Jason E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thierer, Tobias] Biomatters Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. [Vos, Rutger A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Zmasek, Christian M.] Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bouck, Amy] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Lapp, H (reprint author), Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, 2024 W Main St,Suite A200, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM hlapp@nescent.org RI Lapp, Hilmar/A-8275-2009; Stajich, Jason/C-7297-2008; Vision, Todd/B-4867-2010; Stoltzfus, Arlin/D-8551-2011; Vilella, Albert/A-8586-2008; Pond, Sergei/G-9830-2012; Vos, Rutger/H-9032-2012; OI Stajich, Jason/0000-0002-7591-0020; Vision, Todd/0000-0002-6133-2581; Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357; Pond, Sergei/0000-0003-4817-4029; Vos, Rutger/0000-0001-9254-7318; Vilella, Albert/0000-0002-2005-2516 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0423641]; NIH [R01-LM07218]; NSF [0434670, GM-060654, EF-0331495]; Medical Research Council; Duke University; Miller Institute for Basic Research; Biomatters Ltd. FX The hackathon organizers included M. Holder, H. Lapp, A. Mackey, W. Qiu, A. Stoltzfus, R. Vos and T. Vision. A. Bouck and A Holloway served as use-case stewards, and B. Osborne as the documentation expert. In addition to the authors, J. Chang and D. Swofford participated for part of the hackathon. D. Des Marais, S. Hartmann, D. Kidd, B. Sidlaukis and A. Zanne kindly presented their research and shared their expertise with the participants. NESCent is supported by the National Science Foundation EF-0423641. Participants would like to thank funding sources that provided them salary and other research expenses. These include NIH (grant No. R01-LM07218 to A. S.), NSF (grant No. 0434670 for A. H., GM-060654 for W. G. Q., EF-0331495 for M. H., P. O. L., and R. A. V.), Medical Research Council (S. B.), Duke University (J. P. B.), Miller Institute for Basic Research (J. E. S.), and Biomatters Ltd. (T. T.). The identifi cation of specifi c commercial software products in this paper is for the purpose of specifying a protocol, and does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. More information about the Phyloinformatics Hackathon, including planning documents, use-case documentation, and development targets, is publicly available at http://hackathon. nescent. org/ Phylohackathon_1. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOINFORMATICS INST PI AUCKLAND PA UNIV AUCKLAND, PRIVATE BAG, AUCKLAND, 00000, NEW ZEALAND SN 1176-9343 J9 EVOL BIOINFORM JI Evol. Bioinform. PY 2007 VL 3 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Evolutionary Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA V96EG UT WOS:000206500600023 ER PT S AU Ivezic, N Kulvatunyou, S Vujasinovic, M Snack, P Marjanovic, Z Cho, H AF Ivezic, Nenad Kulvatunyou, Serm Vujasinovic, Marko Snack, Pat Marjanovic, Zoran Cho, Hyunbo BE Cunningham, P Cunningham, M TI Standards-Based Semantic Middleware SO EXPANDING THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: ISSUES, APPLICATIONS, CASE STUDIES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Information and Communication Technologies and the Knowledge Economy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We describe a novel semantics-based architecture for standards-based approaches to interoperable applications. The paper includes our experiences in prototyping the proposed architecture and demonstrating the resulting semantic middleware capability. This capability enabled legacy applications with heterogeneous interfaces to communicate in an interoperable fashion. An industrial scenario was used to showcase the new features of the architecture. C1 [Ivezic, Nenad; Kulvatunyou, Serm; Vujasinovic, Marko] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Snack, Pat] Automot Ind Act Grp, Southfield, MI 48034 USA. [Marjanovic, Zoran] Fac Org Sci, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Ivezic, N (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nivezic@nist.gov; serm@nist.gov; markov@nist.gov; psnack@aiag.org; marjanovic.zoran@fon.bg.ac.yu; hcho@postech.ac.kr NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1230 BN 978-1-58603-801-4 J9 INFORM COMM TECH KNO PY 2007 VL 4 BP 57 EP 64 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Business; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKX37 UT WOS:000269523100007 ER PT B AU Audley, MD Holland, W Atkinson, D Cliffe, M Ellis, M Gao, X Gostick, D Hodson, T Kelly, D MacIntosh, M McGregor, H Montgomery, D Smith, I Robson, I Irwin, K Duncan, W Doriese, R Hilton, G Reintsema, C Ullom, J Vale, L Walton, A Parkes, W Dunare, C Ade, P Bintley, D Gannaway, F Hunt, C Pisano, G Sudiwala, R Walker, I Woodcraft, A Fich, M Halpern, M Kycia, J Naylor, D Bastien, P Mitchell, G AF Audley, M. D. Holland, W. Atkinson, D. Cliffe, M. Ellis, M. Gao, X. Gostick, D. Hodson, T. Kelly, D. MacIntosh, M. McGregor, H. Montgomery, D. Smith, I. Robson, I. Irwin, K. Duncan, W. Doriese, R. Hilton, G. Reintsema, C. Ullom, J. Vale, L. Walton, A. Parkes, W. Dunare, C. Ade, P. Bintley, D. Gannaway, F. Hunt, C. Pisano, G. Sudiwala, R. Walker, I. Woodcraft, A. Fich, M. Halpern, M. Kycia, J. Naylor, D. Bastien, P. Mitchell, G. BE Lobanov, AP Zensus, JA Cesarsky, C Diamond, PJ TI SCUBA-2: A large-format CCD-style imager for submillimeter astronomy SO EXPLORING THE COSMIC FRONTIER: ASTROPHYSICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exploring the Cosmic Frontier - Astrophysical Instruments for the 21st Century CY MAY 18-21, 2004 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Radioastronomie, Int SKA Steering Comm, European So Observ, Max Planck Soc, European Space Agcy, EU Consortia RadioNet & Opticon ID TELESCOPE; CAMERA AB We describe the capabilities of SCUBA-2, the first CCD-like imager for submillimeter astronomy, and the technologies that make it possible. Unlike previous detectors using discrete bolometers, SCUBA-2 has two dc-coupled, monolithic arrays with a total of similar to 10,000 bolometers. SCUBA-2's absorber-coupled pixels use superconducting transition edge sensors operating at similar to 120 mK for photon-noise limited performance and a SQUID time-domain multiplexer for readout. It will offer simultaneous, imaging of an 8 x 8 arcmin field of view at wavelengths of 850 mu m and 450 mu m. SCUBA-2 is expected to have a huge impact on the study of galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe as well as star and planet formation in our own Galaxy. Mapping the sky to the same S/N up to 1000 times faster than SCUBA, SCUBA-2 will also act as a pathfinder for submillimeter interferometers such as ALMA. SCUBA-2 will begin operation on the JCMT in 2006. C1 [Audley, M. D.; Holland, W.; Atkinson, D.; Cliffe, M.; Ellis, M.; Gao, X.; Gostick, D.; Hodson, T.; Kelly, D.; MacIntosh, M.; McGregor, H.; Montgomery, D.; Smith, I.; Robson, I.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Irwin, K.; Duncan, W.; Doriese, R.; Hilton, G.; Reintsema, C.; Ullom, J.; Vale, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Walton, A.; Parkes, W.; Dunare, C.] Univ Edinburgh, Scottish Microelect Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ade, P.; Bintley, D.; Gannaway, F.; Hunt, C.; Pisano, G.; Sudiwala, R.; Walker, I.; Woodcraft, A.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3YB, England. [Fich, M.; Halpern, M.; Kycia, J.; Naylor, D.; Bastien, P.; Mitchell, G.] Canadian SCUBA 2 Consortium, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Audley, MD (reprint author), UK Astron Technol Ctr, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM mda@roe.ac.uk RI Walton, Anthony/B-9108-2009; gao, xiaofeng/D-4825-2014; Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-39755-7 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2007 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-39756-4_8 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFS92 UT WOS:000244446300008 ER PT S AU Atlas, R Lin, SJ Shen, BW Reale, O Yeh, KS AF Atlas, Robert Lin, Shian-Jiann Shen, Bo-Wen Reale, Oreste Yeh, Kao-San BE Baker, E Joseph, A Mehrotra, A Trick, MA TI IMPROVING HURRICANE PREDICTION THROUGH INNOVATIVE GLOBAL MODELING SO EXTENDING THE HORIZONS: ADVANCES IN COMPUTING, OPTIMIZATION, AND DECISION TECHNOLOGIES SE Operations Research Computer Science Interfaces LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Hurricane prediction; global modeling ID NASA AB Current global and regional models incorporating both in situ and remotely sensed observations have achieved a high degree of skill in forecasting the movement of hurricanes. Nevertheless, significant improvements in the prediction of hurricane landfall and intensification are still needed. To meet these needs, research on new observing systems, data assimilation techniques, and better models is being performed. These include the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting regional model development by NOAA, as well as the development of an advanced "seamless" global weather and climate model, as a collaborative project involving both NOAA and NASA. This latter model, when completed, will be used to improve short and extended range forecasts of hurricanes, as well as to determine the relationship between global climate change and long-term variations in hurricane frequency and intensity, more accurately than is possible today. As a starting point for the seamless global weather and climate model, the horizontal resolution of the previously developed finite volume General Circulation Model has been increased to 1/12 degrees (approximately 9 km) in a series of successive steps. This was made possible by advances in both computing and optimization technologies. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Shen, Bo-Wen] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Reale, Oreste; Yeh, Kao-San] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1387-666X BN 978-0-387-48793-9 J9 OPER RES COMPUT SCI PY 2007 VL 37 BP 1 EP 14 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-48793-9 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BLK12 UT WOS:000270348200002 ER PT B AU Yeh, TT Hall, JM AF Yeh, T. T. Hall, J. M. GP ASME TI An uncertainty analysis of the NIST airspeed standards SO FEDSM 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH JOINT ASME/JSME FLUIDS ENGINEERING SUMMER CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering Summer Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fluids Engn Div, Japanese Soc Mech Engn DE airspeed standards; windspeed; airspeed calibration; uncertainty analysis AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides calibration services for airspeed instrumentation. This document describes the uncertainty of the NIST airspeed standards. An extensive component analysis of the system was performed. The standard for airspeed measurement at NIST is a fiber optic Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA), which is calibrated with known velocities produced by a rotating disk. Airspeed calibrations are performed in a wind tunnel which has a test cross section of 1.5 m by 2.1 m over a range of speeds from 0.15 m/s to 40 m/s. Over this range, the airspeed uncertainty is found to be a function of airspeed and the expanded uncertainty at 95% confidence level, i.e. k=2, in m/s can be expressed by the root-sum-square of 0.0048 V and 0.0068 m/s, where V is airspeed in m/s. This gives a maximum uncertainty of 4.6% at the lowest airspeed of 0.15 m/s and a minimum uncertainty of 0.48% at the highest speed of 40 m/s. C1 [Yeh, T. T.; Hall, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeh, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4289-8 PY 2007 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHM62 UT WOS:000254289800022 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Able, KW AF Hare, Jonathan A. Able, Kenneth W. TI Mechanistic links between climate and fisheries along the east coast of the United States: explaining population outbursts of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic croaker; climate change; ecological forecasting; North Atlantic Oscillation; overwinter mortality; recruitment; winter temperature ID BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; NORTH-CAROLINA; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; LARVAL FISHES; REGIME SHIFTS; DELAWARE BAY; STRIPED BASS; BERING-SEA; RECRUITMENT AB Climate has been linked to variation in marine fish abundance and distribution, but often the mechanistic processes are unknown. Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) is a common species in estuarine and coastal areas of the mid-Atlantic and southeast coasts of the U.S. Previous studies have identified a correlation between Atlantic croaker abundance and winter temperatures in Chesapeake Bay, and have determined thermal tolerances of juveniles. Here we re-examine the hypothesis that winter temperature variability controls Atlantic croaker population dynamics. Abundance indices were analyzed at four life history stages from three regions along the east coast of the U.S. Correlations suggest that year-class strength is decoupled from larval supply and is determined by temperature-linked, overwinter survival of juveniles. Using a relation between air and water temperatures, estuarine water temperature was estimated from 1930 to 2002. Periods of high adult catch corresponded with warm winter water temperatures. Prior studies indicate that winter temperature along the east coast is related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); variability in catch is also correlated with the NAO, thereby demonstrating a link between Atlantic croaker dynamics, thermal limited overwinter survival, and the larger climate system of the North Atlantic. We hypothesize that the environment drives the large-scale variability in Atlantic croaker abundance and distribution, but fishing and habitat loss decrease the resiliency of the population to periods of poor environmental conditions and subsequent weak year classes. C1 NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov NR 76 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00407.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 117HB UT WOS:000242862700003 ER PT J AU Trites, AW Miller, AJ Maschner, HDG Alexander, MA Bograd, SJ Calder, JA Capotondi, A Coyle, KO Di Lorenzo, E Finney, BP Gregr, EJ Grosch, CE Hare, SR Hunt, GL Jahncke, J Kachel, NB Kim, HJ Ladd, C Mantua, NJ Marzban, C Maslowski, W Mendelssohn, R Neilson, DJ Okkonen, SR Overland, JE Reedy-Maschner, KL Royer, TC Schwing, FB Wang, JXL Winship, AJ AF Trites, Andrew W. Miller, Arthur J. Maschner, Herbert D. G. Alexander, Michael A. Bograd, Steven J. Calder, John A. Capotondi, Antonietta Coyle, Kenneth O. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Finney, Bruce P. Gregr, Edward J. Grosch, Chester E. Hare, Steven R. Hunt, George L., Jr. Jahncke, Jaime Kachel, Nancy B. Kim, Hey-Jin Ladd, Carol Mantua, Nathan J. Marzban, Caren Maslowski, Wieslaw Mendelssohn, Roy Neilson, Douglas J. Okkonen, Stephen R. Overland, James E. Reedy-Maschner, Katherine L. Royer, Thomas C. Schwing, Franklin B. Wang, Julian X. L. Winship, Arliss J. TI Bottom-up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatas) in Alaska: assessing the ocean climate hypothesis SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Aleutian Islands; climate regime shift; Gulf of Alaska; Steller sea lion ID CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; DETECTING REGIME SHIFTS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; BERING-SEA; INTERDECADAL VARIATION; BAROCLINIC TRANSPORT; ATTENDANCE PATTERNS; POPULATION DECLINE; NORTHWESTERN GULF; MODEL SIMULATION AB Declines of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) populations in the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska could be a consequence of physical oceanographic changes associated with the 1976-77 climate regime shift. Changes in ocean climate are hypothesized to have affected the quantity, quality, and accessibility of prey, which in turn may have affected the rates of birth and death of sea lions. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal variations in the ocean climate system of the North Pacific support this hypothesis. Ocean climate changes appear to have created adaptive opportunities for various species that are preyed upon by Steller sea lions at mid-trophic levels. The east-west asymmetry of the oceanic response to climate forcing after 1976-77 is consistent with both the temporal aspect (populations decreased after the late 1970s) and the spatial aspect of the decline (western, but not eastern, sea lion populations decreased). These broad-scale climate variations appear to be modulated by regionally sensitive biogeographic structures along the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, which include a transition point from coastal to open-ocean conditions at Samalga Pass westward along the Aleutian Islands. These transition points delineate distinct clusterings of different combinations of prey species, which are in turn correlated with differential population sizes and trajectories of Steller sea lions. Archaeological records spanning 4000 yr further indicate that sea lion populations have experienced major shifts in abundance in the past. Shifts in ocean climate are the most parsimonious underlying explanation for the broad suite of ecosystem changes that have been observed in the North Pacific Ocean in recent decades. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ajmiller@ucsd.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016; OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 122 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 46 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00408.x PG 22 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 117HB UT WOS:000242862700004 ER PT J AU Hollowed, AB Wilson, CD Stabeno, PJ Salo, SA AF Hollowed, Anne Babcock Wilson, Christopher D. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Salo, Sigrid A. TI Effect of ocean conditions on the cross-shelf distribution of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Barnabas Trough; capelin; Chiniak Trough; Kiliuda Trough; oceanography; temperature; trough; walleye pollock; wind mixing ID NORTHERN GULF; ALASKA; CANYON; SCALE; PREY; SEA AB Acoustic trawl surveys were conducted in 2000 and 2001 in two troughs located off the eastern coast of Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska as part of a multiyear, multidisciplinary experiment to examine the influence of environmental conditions on the spatial distribution of adult and juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus). Continuous underway sea surface temperature samples and water column profiles collected in 2000 and 2001 showed the presence of a sharp shelf-break front in Chiniak Trough and a mid-trough front in Barnabas Trough. At distances < 22 km from shore, the water column was well mixed, whereas a well-defined mixed layer was present beyond approximately 22 km from shore. Satellite drifter tracks in Barnabas Trough entered along the upstream edge of the trough and appeared to follow the frontal boundary across the middle portion of the trough. A storm in 2001 weakened stratification and cooled surface water temperature by 1.6-2.1 degrees C. Wind mixing associated with the storm event mixed subsurface chlorophyll a to the surface and enhanced nutrients in the surface waters. The storm event revealed spatial partitioning of summer production in Barnabas Trough, with production concentrated in regions inside the mid-trough front. In contrast, post-storm summer production was distributed throughout Chiniak Trough. The spatial distribution of walleye pollock and capelin differed and appeared to be related to differences in habitat characteristics. Acoustic survey data identified four acoustic sign types: age-1 pollock, adult pollock, capelin, capelin-age-0 pollock mix. The spatial distribution of these four sign types appears to be influenced by the oceanographic and topographic features of the two troughs. Adult pollock were broadly distributed throughout Chiniak Trough, whereas adult pollock were aggregated on the coastal side of the frontal system in Barnabas Trough. In 2000, capelin occurred with age-0 pollock. In Chiniak Trough, capelin were most abundant along steep topographic gradients at the edges of the trough and in a deep region near Cape Chiniak, whereas the capelin-age-0 mix (2000) or capelin (2001) concentrations were observed in slope water intrusions over the outer shelf in Barnabas Trough. Results suggest that habitat selection of walleye pollock and capelin are controlled by different processes. Capelin distributions appear to be limited by oceanographic conditions while other factors appear to be more important for pollock. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hollowed, AB (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM anne.hollowed@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00418.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 140YR UT WOS:000244543300004 ER PT J AU Heath, MR Lough, RG AF Heath, M. R. Lough, R. G. TI A synthesis of large-scale patterns in the planktonic prey of larval and juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate change; cod; continuous plankton recorder; diet; larvae; pelagic juveniles; zooplankton ID NORTHERN NORTH-SEA; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; PHYTOPLANKTON COLOR INDEX; LONG-TERM CHANGES; ATLANTIC COD; SCOTIAN SHELF; GEORGES-BANK; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; FEEDING-HABITS; GADOID LARVAE AB Data from 40 published studies of the diet composition of larval and juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) from around the northern North Atlantic were summarized to assess generic patterns in ontogenetic and regional variability in the key prey. The results showed that larvae at the northern edge of the latitudinal range of cod depend primarily on development stages of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, whilst those at the southern edge depend on Para- and Pseudocalanus species. Juvenile cod preyed on a wider range of taxa than larvae, but euphausiids were the main target prey. Analysis of regional variations in the relative abundances of C. finmarchicus and Para/Pseudocalanus spp. in the plankton, as estimated by the continuous plankton recorder (CPR) surveys, showed a similar geographical pattern to the larval cod stomach contents. Comparison of CPR data from the 1960s and 70s with data from the 1990s showed that the boundary between C. finmarchicus and Para/Pseudocalanus spp. dominance has shifted northwards on both sides of the Atlantic, whilst the abundance of euphausiids in the southern cod stock regions has declined. The results are discussed in relation to regional differences in the response of cod stocks to climate variability. C1 Fisheries Res Serv, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Heath, MR (reprint author), Fisheries Res Serv, Marine Lab, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. EM heathmr@marlab.ac.uk RI Heath, Michael/D-5765-2013 NR 76 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00423.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 140YR UT WOS:000244543300006 ER PT J AU Mills, KL Laidig, T Ralston, S Sydeman, WJ AF Mills, K. L. Laidig, T. Ralston, S. Sydeman, W. J. TI Diets of top predators indicate pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundance in the California Current System SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current System; Cepphus columba; Cerorhinca monocerata; chinook salmon; climate variability; diet; ecosystem approach; indicators; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Principal Component Analysis; rockfish; seabirds; Sebastes; Uria aalge ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BARENTS SEA; MARINE BIRD; FOOD-WEB; SEABIRDS; FISH; VARIABILITY AB Diets of top predators may be useful indicators to the availability of forage fish in marine ecosystems. Juvenile rockfish (young-of-the-year Sebastes spp.) compose a significant part of the diet for many predators in the central California Current, including chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and several species of marine birds and mammals. Herein, we develop annual indices of juvenile rockfish relative abundance by collating time series data sets on: (i) the proportion of rockfish in the diet of three species of seabirds breeding on Southeast Farallon Island (1975-2002); (ii) the number of rockfish in chinook salmon stomachs (1980-99); and (iii) the abundance of rockfish captured in scientific mid-water trawl net surveys (1983-2002). We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to combine indices, and refer to these as 'Multivariate Rockfish Indices' (MRI). Combining time series verifies the patterns shown by each alone and provides a synoptic perspective on juvenile rockfish relative abundance. The diets of predators with the largest foraging ranges (Common Murre, Uria aalge) and chinook salmon co-varied strongly with the net samples, and appear to be the best indicators. The salmon also sampled species of Sebastes not caught in the nets. The MRI reveals interannual variability in juvenile rockfish abundance, a substantial decline in abundance in the 1990s, and a partial recovery in the early 2000s. Predator-based sampling is a cost-effective enhancement of scientific net sampling. C1 PRBO Conservat Serv, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Red Rock Lakes Natl Wildlife Refuge, 27820 Southside Centennial Rd, Lima, MT 59739 USA. EM kmills@prbo.org NR 53 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00429.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 160KX UT WOS:000245940500006 ER PT J AU Dawe, EG Hendrickson, LC Colbourne, EB Drinkwater, KF Showell, MA AF Dawe, E. G. Hendrickson, L. C. Colbourne, E. B. Drinkwater, K. F. Showell, M. A. TI Ocean climate effects on the relative abundance of short-finned (Illex illecebrosus) and long-finned (Loligo pealeii) squid in the northwest Atlantic Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE environmental effects; Northwest Atlantic Ocean; squid abundance; time-series analysis ID OMMASTREPHID-SQUID; SOUTH ATLANTIC; NEWFOUNDLAND; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; STOCK; OCEANOGRAPHY; CEPHALOPODA; ARGENTINUS AB An unusually high abundance of long- finned squid (Loligo pealeii) was observed around southern Newfoundland in August-September 2000. The prevalence of maturing females and mature males, along with the collection of a single viable egg mop, provide the first evidence of spawning of this species at the northern limit of its geographic range of distribution. Northward expansion of the long-finned squid population may be related to a general warming trend in Newfoundland near-shore waters. However, trends in size and abundance of short-finned squid (Illex illecebrosus) suggest that this expansion may also be related to reduced competition. We hypothesize that these two squid species share, to a large extent, a common niche on the eastern USA shelf and that opposing responses to ecosystem variation affect their relative abundance. We address this hypothesis by applying time-series analysis of species-specific fishery and survey-based abundance indices with biologic and environmental input variables. Our models indicate that direct competition is not important, but that variation in atmospheric forcing, as well as latitudinal position of the Shelf-Slope Front (SSF), are closely related to direct oceanographic processes that exert opposing effects on these two species. While the direct oceanographic mechanisms that regulate year-class strength remain unknown, we present a hypothesis to account for opposing population responses to oceanographic variation that operates early in the life history of both species. For the oceanic and highly migratory short- finned squid, variation in the latitudinal position of the SSF is related to efficiency of downstream dispersal by the Gulf Stream and survival of young stages. For the neritic long-finned squid, variation in local inshore temperature affects the time exposed to intense predation through its effect on rates of embryonic development and growth. The expansion of long-finned squid population abundance in 2000 was associated with both warm local water temperatures and an unusual eastward displacement of the atmospheric features associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These conditions may have resulted in an unfavorable oceanic regime for short-finned squid but a favorable regime for long-finned squid on the continental shelf as far north as southern Newfoundland. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Dawe, EG (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, POB 5667, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. EM dawee@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 45 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00431.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 181MJ UT WOS:000247440500001 ER PT J AU Wells, BK Grimes, CB Waldvogel, JB AF Wells, Brian K. Grimes, Churchill B. Waldvogel, James B. TI Quantifying the effects of wind, upwelling, curl, sea surface temperature and sea level height on growth and maturation of a California Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) population SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; curl; growth; maturation; turbulence; upwelling ID FISH RECRUITMENT SUCCESS; COHO SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; EL-NINO; ATLANTIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCALE CIRCULI; PATH-ANALYSIS; KISUTCH; OCEAN AB We used retrospective scale growth chronologies and return size and age of female Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from a northern California, USA, population collected over 22 run years and encompassing 18 complete cohorts to model the effects of oceanographic conditions on growth during ocean residence. Using path analyses and partial least squares regressive approaches, we related growth rate and maturation to seven environmental variables (sea level height, sea surface temperature, upwelling, curl, scalar wind, northerly pseudo- wind stress and easterly pseudo-wind stress). During the first year of life, growth was negatively related to summer sea surface temperature, curl and scalar winds, and was positively related to summer upwelling. During the second, third and fourth growth years growth rate was negatively related to sea level height and sea surface temperature, and was positively related to upwelling and curl. The age at maturation and the fork length at which three ocean-winter fish returned were related to the environment experienced during the spring before the third winter at sea (the year prior return). Faster growth during the year before return led to earlier maturation and larger return size. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Sea Grant Extens Program, Crescent City, CA USA. RP Wells, BK (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM brian.wells@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 363 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00437.x PG 20 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 181MJ UT WOS:000247440500005 ER PT J AU Sakuma, KM Ralston, S Roberts, DA AF Sakuma, Keith M. Ralston, Stephen Roberts, Dale A. TI High-frequency patterns in abundance of larval Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, and rockfish, Sebastes spp., at a single fixed station off central California SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE diel patterns; ichthyoplankton surveys; mixed layer; temporal variability ID VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; JORDANI; ASSEMBLAGES; ENVIRONMENT; FISHES; GROWTH; REGION AB Standard CalCOFI (California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations) ichthyoplankton bongo net sampling was conducted every 2 h over 11 days at a single fixed station off central California in February 1995. A conductivity, temperature, and depth cast was completed after each tow to record corresponding hydrographic information. Larval Pacific hake, short-belly rockfish, and other rockfish were enumerated and length measurements were recorded. Time-depth contours of water density showed a clear boundary, defining the mixed layer along the rh 25.0 isopycnal, that appeared to fluctuate vertically on a 12-h cycle centered around 50 m depth. Temperature salinity plots showed a distinctly different pattern in the mixed layer when compared with water below the pycnocline. Length-frequency distributions plotted by survey day indicated a relatively continuous input of small rockfish larvae into the survey area rather than a resident population growing progressively larger each day. Catches of rockfish larvae were much higher in nighttime tows and varied by survey day, but were unaffected by the depth of the 25.0 isopycnal. In contrast, catches of Pacific hake did not vary significantly on a diel basis, but were significantly variable by survey day and were influenced by the depth of the mixed layer. Catches of Pacific hake larvae were significantly higher during warm-saline periods (spicy water), while shortbelly rockfish were significantly less abundant under these conditions. Spectral analysis showed a clear 12-h cycle in the depth of the 25.0 isopycnal and a 24-h cycle in the catches of rockfish larvae, while Pacific hake catches and spiciness of the mixed layer appeared to have lower frequency cycles in excess of 48 h. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Cordell Bank Natl Marine Sancturary, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Olema, CA 94950 USA. RP Sakuma, KM (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM keith.sakuma@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00440.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 181MJ UT WOS:000247440500006 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Daly, EA Schabetsberger, RA Mier, KL AF Brodeur, Richard D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Schabetsberger, Robert A. Mier, Kathryn L. TI Interannual and interdecadal variability in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) diets in relation to environmental changes in the northern California Current SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE feeding intensity; food habits; juvenile coho salmon; northern California Current; ocean conditions; prey size ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; NINO-LA-NINA; EL-NINO; PACIFIC SALMON; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FEEDING CHRONOLOGY; COASTAL ZONE; REGIME SHIFT AB The feeding habits of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the northern California Current were examined using samples from two different time periods (1980-85 and 1998-2003) of highly contrasting oceanographic conditions. The goal was to test the influence of interannual and interdecadal changes in taxonomic composition of prey, feeding intensity, and size spectra of teleost prey. Analyses were done for samples taken both early in the summer (June) shortly after the salmon enter the ocean, and also in late summer (September) following some ocean residency. Fish prey dominated coho salmon diets by weight during most years, but this trend was more pronounced during the 1980-85 sampling period. In terms of numerical composition, the diets were more variable on an interannual basis, but decapod larvae and euphausiids were important prey in most years. Pteropods and copepods were important prey during weak upwelling or El Nino years, whereas euphausiids were important during strong upwelling or otherwise highly productive years. Hyperiid amphipods comprised a substantial proportion of the diets only in 2000. Coho salmon showed highly significant differences in prey composition among years or between decades both in weight and numerical composition. The percentage of empty stomachs was highly variable by year in both June and September, but was significantly different only for September between decades. In contrast, an index of feeding intensity did not show many significant changes in either comparison. However, the relative size ratios for fish prey consumed were highly variable by year, and larger than average fish prey were consumed during 1998, leading to the highest feeding intensity observed. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Schabetsberger, RA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00438.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 203EW UT WOS:000248958900001 ER PT J AU Wilson, SG Stewart, BS Polovina, JJ Meekan, MG Stevens, JD Galuardi, B AF Wilson, S. G. Stewart, B. S. Polovina, J. J. Meekan, M. G. Stevens, J. D. Galuardi, B. TI Accuracy and precision of archival tag data: a multiple-tagging study conducted on a whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the Indian Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE accuracy; depth; error; pop-up satellite archival tag; precision; Rhincodon typus; temperature; whale shark ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; ELEPHANT SEALS; GEOLOCATION; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; MIGRATIONS; AUSTRALIA; ALGORITHM AB Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are now widely used to document the geographic and vertical movements of large pelagic fishes. These instruments record measurements of ambient light, depth and temperature at regular intervals and the light data are used to compute daily estimates of latitude and longitude. Several methods have been developed to improve those estimates, including the application of Kalman filter models and matching sea surface temperatures (SST) from tags with remotely sensed SSTs. Despite their widespread use, few studies have evaluated the accuracy of raw estimates of location from PSATs or quantified the improvements that may result from refinement techniques. To assess the accuracy of raw and refined estimates of locations from PSATs, we attached two PSATs and one Argos satellite-linked transmitter (SAT tag) to one whale shark (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. The root mean square error (RMSE) in raw estimates of location provided by the PSATs was 5.16 degrees latitude and 2.00 degrees longitude. Estimates were more accurate after processing the data with a Kalman filter (RMSE = 2.97 degrees latitude and 0.78 degrees longitude) and most accurate after processing with a Kalman filter model that integrates SST measurements (RMSE = 1.84 degrees latitude and 0.78 degrees longitude). We also assessed the precision of the PSAT-derived locations, and depth and temperature measurements by comparing the data from the two PSATs. Our findings support the use of archival tag data to reconstruct the large-scale movements of marine animals and demonstrate the significant improvements that may result from two refinement techniques. C1 Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Australian Inst Marine Sci, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Wilson, SG (reprint author), Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, 2595 INgraham St, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM swilson@hswri.org NR 38 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 547 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00450.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 222LH UT WOS:000250297900006 ER PT J AU Domokos, R Seki, MP Polovina, JJ Hawn, DR AF Domokos, Reka Seki, Michael P. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Hawn, Donald R. TI Oceanographic investigation of the American Samoa albacore (Thunnus alalunga) habitat and longline fishing grounds SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE albacore tuna; American Samoa EEZ; longline fishery; mesoscale eddy; micronekton distribution; mid-ocean eddies; sonic scattering layer (SSL); South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) ID MICRONEKTON DISTRIBUTION; PACIFIC ALBACORE; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; CYCLONIC EDDIES; NORTH PACIFIC; OCEAN; EDDY; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENHANCEMENT; SCATTERING AB The American Samoa fishing ground is a dynamic region with strong mesoscale eddy activity and temporal variability on scales of < 1 week. Seasonal and interannual variability in eddy activity, induced by baroclinic instability that is fueled by horizontal shear between the eastward-flowing South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC) and the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC), seems to play an important role in the performance of the longline fishery for albacore. Mesoscale eddy variability in the American Samoa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) peaks from March to April, when the kinetic energy of the SECC is at its strongest. Longline albacore catch tends to be highest at the eddy edges, while albacore catch per effort (CPUE) shows intra-annual variability with high CPUE that lags the periods of peak eddy activity by about 2 months. When CPUE is highest, the values are distributed toward the northern half of the EEZ, the region affected most by the SECC. Further indication of the possible importance of the SECC for longline performance is the significant drop in eddy variability in 2004 when compared with that observed in 2003 - resulting from a weak SECC - which was accompanied by a substantial drop in albacore CPUE rates and a lack of northward intensification of CPUE. From an ecosystem perspective, evidence to support higher micronekton biomass in the upper 200 m at eddy boundaries is inconclusive. Albacore's vertical distribution seems to be governed by the presence of prey. Albacore spend most of their time between 150 and 250 m, away from the deep daytime and shallow nighttime sonic scattering layers, at depths coinciding with those of small local maxima in micronekton biomass whose backscattering properties are consistent with those of albacore's preferred prey. Settling depths of longline sets during periods of decreased eddy activity correspond to those most occupied by albacore, possibly contributing to the lower CPUE by reducing catchability through rendering bait less attractive to albacore in the presence of prey. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Domokos, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM reka.domokos@noaa.gov OI Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 NR 50 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 555 EP 572 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2007.00451.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 222LH UT WOS:000250297900007 ER PT J AU McDermott, SF Maslenikov, KP Gunderson, DR AF McDermott, Susanne F. Maslenikov, Katherine P. Gunderson, Donald R. TI Annual fecundity, batch fecundity, and oocyte atresia of Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) in Alaskan waters SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; MATURATION; CYCLE AB Annual potential fecundity, batch fecundity, and oocyte atresia were estimated for Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) collected in Alaskan waters during 1993-94. Atka mackerel were assumed to be determinate spawners on the basis of decreasing fecundity after batch spawning events. Histological examination of the ovaries indicated that oocytes in the vitellogenic stage and higher had been spawned in the current spawning season. For an average female of 40 cm, potential annual fecundity was estimated to be 41,994 eggs, average batch size (i.e., batch fecundity) was estimated to be 6689 eggs, and there were 6.13 batches per spawning season. Atresia was estimated by examining postspawning specimens and was found to be substantial. The average amount of atresia for a 40-cm fish was estimated to be 11,329 eggs, resulting in an estimated realized fecundity of only 30,664 eggs and 4.64 batches of eggs per spawning season. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McDermott, SF (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Susanne.McDermott@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900002 ER PT J AU Laidig, TE Chess, JR Howard, DF AF Laidig, Thomas E. Chess, James R. Howard, Daniel F. TI Relationship between abundance of juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) and environmental variables documented off northern California and potential mechanisms for the covariation SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BLACK ROCKFISH; MONTEREY BAY; HABITAT; FISHERY; LARVAE; BIGHT; GENUS AB We estimated annual abundance of juvenile blue (Sebastes mystinus), yellowtail (S. flavidus), and black (S. melanops) rockfish off northern California over 21 years and evaluated the relationship of abundance to oceanographic variables (sea level anomaly, nearshore temperature, and offshore Ekman transport). Although mean annual abundance was highly variable (0.01-181 fish/minute), trends were similar for the three species. Sea level anomaly and nearshore temperature had the strongest relationship with interannual variation in rockfish abundance, and offshore Ekman transport did not correlate with abundance. Oceanographic events occurring in February and March (i.e., during the larval stage) had the strongest relationship with juvenile abundance, which indicates that year-class strength is determined during the larval stage. Also of note, the annual abundance of juvenile yellowtail rockfish was positively correlated with year-class strength of adult yellowtail rockfish; this finding would indicate the importance of studying juvenile abundance surveys for management purposes. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Laidig, TE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tom.laidig@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900004 ER PT J AU Stockhausen, WT Fogarty, MJ AF Stockhausen, William T. Fogarty, Michael J. TI Removing observational noise from fisheries-independent time series data using ARIMA models SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRAWL SURVEYS; ABUNDANCE INDEXES; FISH; PROGRAM AB Abundance indices derived from fishery-independent surveys typically exhibit much higher interannual variability than is consistent with the within-survey variance or the life history of a species. This extra variability is essentially observation noise (i.e. measurement error); it probably reflects environmentally driven factors that affect catchability over time. Unfortunately, high observation noise reduces the ability to detect important changes in the underlying population abundance. In our study, a noise-reduction technique for uncorrelated observation noise that is based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series modeling is investigated. The approach is applied to 18 time series of finfish abundance, which were derived from trawl survey data from the U.S. northeast continental shelf. Although the a priori assumption of a random-walk-plus-uncorrelated-noise model generally yielded a smoothed result that is pleasing to the eye, we recommend that the most appropriate ARIMA model be identified for the observed time series if the smoothed time series will be used for further analysis of the population dynamics of a species. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stockhausen, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM William.Stockhausen@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 88 EP 101 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900008 ER PT J AU Pitcher, KW Olesiuk, PF Brown, RF Lowry, MS Jeffries, SJ Sease, JL Perryman, WL Stinchcomb, CE Lowry, LF AF Pitcher, Kenneth W. Olesiuk, Peter F. Brown, Robin F. Lowry, Mark S. Jeffries, Steven J. Sease, John L. Perryman, Wayne L. Stinchcomb, Charles E. Lowry, Lloyd F. TI Abundance and distribution of the eastern North Pacific Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) population SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ALASKA; CALIFORNIA; PINNIPEDS; RATES AB The eastern Steller sea lion (Eumetopiasjubatus) population comprises animals that breed along the west coast of North America between California and southeastern Alaska. There are currently 13 major rookeries (> 50 pups): five in southeastern Alaska, three in British Columbia, two in Oregon, and three in California. Overall abundance has increased at an average annual rate of 3.1% since the 1970s. These increases can largely be attributed to population recovery from predator-control kills and commercial harvests, and abundance is now probably as high as it has been in the last century. The number of rookeries has remained fairly constant (n=11 to 13) over the past 80 years, but there has been a northward shift in distribution of both rookeries and numbers of animals. Based on the number of pups counted in a population-wide survey in 2002, total pup production was estimated to be about 11,000 (82% in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia), representing a total population size as approximately 46,000-58,000 animals. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Marine Mammals Res Program, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Pitcher, KW (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM ken_pitcher@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 102 EP 115 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900009 ER PT J AU Farley, EV Murphy, JM Adkison, MD Eisner, LB Helle, JH Moss, JH Nielsen, J AF Farley, Edward V., Jr. Murphy, James M. Adkison, Milo D. Eisner, Lisa B. Helle, John H. Moss, Jamal H. Nielsen, Jennifer TI Early marine growth in relation to marine-stage survival rates for Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BACK-CALCULATION; OCEAN GROWTH; BRISTOL BAY; SCALE; RIVER; GORBUSCHA AB We tested the hypothesis that larger juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Bristol Bay, Alaska, have higher marine-stage survival rates than smaller juvenile salmon. We used scales from returning adults (33 years of data) and trawl samples of juveniles (n=3572) collected along the eastern Bering Sea shelf during August through September 2000-02. The size of juvenile sockeye salmon mirrored indices of their marine-stage survival rate (e.g., smaller fish had lower indices of marine-stage survival rate). However, there was no relationship between the size of sockeye salmon after their first year at sea, as estimated from archived scales, and brood-year survival size was relatively uniform over the time series, possibly indicating size-selective mortality on smaller individuals during their marine residence. Variation in size, relative abundance, and marine-stage survival rate of juvenile sockeye salmon is likely related to ocean conditions affecting their early marine migratory pathways along the eastern Bering Sea shelf. C1 NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Farley, EV (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Ed.Farley@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900011 ER PT J AU Conti, SG Maurer, BD Drawbridge, MA Demer, DA AF Conti, Stephane G. Maurer, Benjamin D. Drawbridge, Mark A. Demer, David A. TI Measurements of total scattering spectra from bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TANK; REVERBERATION; ABSORPTION; BANDWIDTH; CAVITY; KRILL C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Conti, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sconti@ucsd.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 143NK UT WOS:000244728900015 ER PT S AU Wiederhorn, SM Lopez-Cepero, JM Wallace, JS Guin, JP Fett, T AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Lopez-Cepero, Jose M. Wallace, Jay S. Guin, Jean-Pierre Fett, Theo BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MIRROR REGION WITH ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY ID GLASS FRACTURE SURFACES; LIME-SILICATE GLASS; STRESS-INTENSITY; CRACK AB In this paper we use atomic force microscopy to investigate the roughness of silica glass fracture surfaces in double cantilever beam samples and in the mirror region in a ring-on-ring fracture specimen. We demonstrate a decrease in surface RMS Roughness from about 0.5 nm to 0.4 nm with increasing stress intensity factor (0.5K(Ic) to about 0.95K(Ic)). Roughness occurs as a consequence of elastic interactions of the crack tip with nano scale inhomogeneities in the glass. These results contrast with the usual observation that roughness increases with increasing distance as the crack propagates from the fracture origin into the mist and hackle regions. At low values of K-1, crack surfaces are relatively smooth. It is this relatively smooth area that will be discussed in this paper. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.; Lopez-Cepero, Jose M.; Wallace, Jay S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Fett, Theo] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Fett, Theo] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 3 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300001 ER PT S AU Guin, JP Wiederhorn, SM AF Guin, Jean-Pierre Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBCRITICAL CRACK GROWTH PROCESS IN GLASS BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY ID SILICA FRACTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALLIC GLASSES; PROPAGATION; WATER; MODEL; BRITTLENESS; PLASTICITY; SURFACES; DUCTILE AB To investigate the possibility of cavity formation in silica glass during subcritical crack growth, the topography of fracture surfaces formed in water at a crack velocity of 8 x 10(-11) m/s was mapped using an atomic force microscope. The objective of the study was to determine how well the two halves of a crack in silica glass matched by establishing a three dimensional quantitative comparison of the shape of the two surfaces. This procedure uses a minimization routine to correct first order and quadratic distortions between the two AFM images of the crack surfaces. A three-dimensional image representing topographical differences between the corresponding fracture surfaces followed a Gaussian law centered on zero with a standard deviation, sigma, of 0.22 nm. Within the resolution of the technique, 6 nm within the fracture surface and approximate to 0.44 nm normal to the fracture surface, no evidence for cavitation was found in silica glass. It is suggested that subcritical crack growth in silica glass occurs in a brittle way by the successive snapping of bonds as the crack advances. C1 [Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, LARMAUR FRE CNRS 2717, Rennes, France. [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guin, JP (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, LARMAUR FRE CNRS 2717, Rennes, France. RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 13 EP + PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300002 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING FRACTURE MIRRORS SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY ID GLASS; STRESS; CERAMICS; STRENGTH; SIZE; DIMENSIONS; MECHANICS; SURFACES; RODS AB Fracture mirror size analysis is a powerful diagnostic tool for glass and ceramic fractures. There is considerable variability in published fracture mirror constants, however, especially for ceramics. Mirror-mist or mist-hackle boundaries are not sharp, well-defined transitions, and they are subject to interpretation. This paper presents some guidelines for mirror boundary interpretation and analysis that are from a new NISI Guide to Practice for Fractography. Some recommendations are based on common sense, others are based on solid technical grounds, and some are based upon the experience of other experts and the author. The guidelines are intended to help students, novices, engineers, and materials scientists use fracture mirror analysis to solve practical problems. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Stop 8529, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 163 EP 187 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300014 ER PT S AU Quinn, JB Scherrer, SS Quinn, GD AF Quinn, Janet B. Scherrer, Susanne S. Quinn, George D. BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI THE INCREASING ROLE OF FRACTOGRAPHY IN THE DENTAL COMMUNITY SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY ID ALL-CERAMIC CROWNS; PROCERA ALLCERAM CROWNS; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; GENERAL-PRACTICE; STRENGTH; RESTORATIONS; SURVIVAL; EMPRESS; FUTURE; ADULTS AB The development of new fabrication capabilities along with new alloys, polymers, composites and advanced ceramics has revolutionized many industries - including the manufacture of dental restorations. The clinical testing of dental materials has barely kept pace with these technological advances and new product development. Convincing longevity studies encompass time periods much longer than current market-driven introductions of novel dental material systems can afford. Consequently, greater dependence is being placed on failure analysis, including fractographic examination. These new dental materials are not all ceramics. While any brittle material could theoretically be analyzed by some of the fractographic techniques used in the advanced ceramic community, there has been little cross-over. The required properties of dental restorations, include aesthetics, biocompatibility and mechanical function, and appear to straddle many classes of materials. This is one likely reason for the current multiplicity of standards and test techniques in the dental literature. The establishment of relevant test techniques, longevity assessment and design criteria are linked by failure analyses and fractography. In this paper, the increasing importance of fractography in the field of dental restorations in general, and the idea of an application-based approach, is presented. Case study examples of failed ceramic crowns are included, and the establishment of a fractographic library' of failed dental restorations is discussed. C1 [Quinn, Janet B.] NIST, ADAHF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Mailstop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scherrer, Susanne S.] Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Quinn, George D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), NIST, ADAHF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Mailstop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 253 EP + PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300020 ER PT S AU Scheirer, SS Wiskott, HWA Quinn, JB Quinn, GD AF Scheirer, Susanne S. Wiskott, H. W. Anselm Quinn, Janet B. Quinn, George D. BE Varner, JR Quinn, GD Wightman, M TI DESCRIPTIVE FRACTOGRAPHY ON ALL CERAMIC DENTAL CROWN FAILURES SO FRACTOGRAPHY OF GLASSES AND CERAMICS V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on the Fractography of Glasses and Ceramics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Rochester, NY ID FRACTURE-SURFACE-ANALYSIS AB Descriptive fractography has been applied to three dental ceramic crown failures for understanding the fracture process and assessing possible design inadequacies. In two cases, the original broken parts could be recovered for stereo and SEM analysis. In the third case, the replica method was used for reproduction of the still in-situ remaining fractured ceramic crown part. The dental replica technique consists in the injection of a high precision silicone impression material onto the fractured surface and pouring of a positive epoxy model which is then gold-coated for SEM evaluation. The recovered ceramic pieces as well as the replica model were inspected for fractographic features such as hackle, wake hackle, twist hackle, compression curl and arrest lines for determination of the direction of crack propagation and location of the origin. A general map of the fracture events could be reconstructed for all three cases based on recognition of wake hackle and compression curl. The replica technique proved to be easy to use and allowed an excellent reproduction of the fractured surface. Case specific reasons for failure are discussed. C1 [Scheirer, Susanne S.; Wiskott, H. W. Anselm] Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Quinn, Janet B.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quinn, George D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scheirer, SS (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, Geneva, Switzerland. FU NIH [DE 14534] FX This work is supported in part by NIH Grant DE 14534. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-09737-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2007 VL 199 BP 339 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTR51 UT WOS:000287890300027 ER PT S AU Griesmann, U Wang, Q Tricard, M Dumas, P Hall, C AF Griesmann, Ulf Wang, Quandou Tricard, Marc Dumas, Paul Hall, Christopher BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Manufacture and metrology of 300 mm silicon wafers with ultra-low thickness variation SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE 300 mm wafer flatness metrology; ultra-flat wafers; magnetorheological finishing (MRF) ID MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING MRF; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; INTERFEROMETER; ABSORPTION AB With the evolution of exposure tools for optical lithography towards larger numerical apertures, the semiconductor industry expects continued demand for improved wafer flatness at the exposure site. The allowable site flatness for 300 mm wafers is expected to be less than 45 mn by 20 10 and it may be as low as 25 nm by 2015 according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS 2006). This requires wafers with low thickness variation and presents a challenge for both wafer polishing and metrology tools, which must be capable of meeting the specifications. We report the results of fabricating 3 00 mm silicon wafers with very low thickness variation using magnetorheological finishing (MRF), a deterministic subaperture finishing process. The wafer thickness metrology, which guided the finishing process, was provided by an infrared interferometer developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The finishing method in combination with the interferometric wafer metrology enabled the fabrication of 300 mm silicon wafers with a total thickness variation (TTV) of about 40 nm, and between 10 run and 15 mn thickness variation at 25 mm x 25 mm exposure sites. C1 [Griesmann, Ulf; Wang, Quandou; Tricard, Marc; Dumas, Paul; Hall, Christopher] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griesmann, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST's Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support by NIST's Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) and unfailing encouragement by its directors Dr Stephen Knight and Dr Joaquin V. Martinez de Pinillos. We are grateful to Dr Ling Yin, at Australian National University, for incisive comments, which helped improve the paper NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 105 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600015 ER PT S AU Maslar, JE Hurst, WS Burgess, DR Kimes, WA Nguyen, NV Moore, EF AF Maslar, J. E. Hurst, W. S. Burgess, D. R., Jr. Kimes, W. A. Nguyen, N. V. Moore, E. F. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI In situ monitoring of hafnium oxide atomic layer deposition SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE atomic layer deposition; in situ diagnostics; infrared spectroscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TITANIUM NITRIDE; TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)TITANIUM; PRECURSORS; ZIRCONIUM; DENSITY AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is increasingly being utilized as a method of depositing the thin (nanometerscale), conformal layers required for microelectronics applications such as high K gate dielectric layers and diffusion barriers. However, significant process development issues remain for implementation of this technology in many applications. One potential solution to some process development issues is in situ monitoring. In situ monitoring of atomic layer deposition processes has the potential to yield insights that will enable efficiencies in film growth, in the development of deposition recipes, and in the design and qualification of reactors. However, demonstrations of in situ monitoring of actual atomic layer deposition processes are limited. In this work, the species present in the gas phase during atomic layer deposition of hafnium oxide were investigated in an attempt to gain insight into the chemistry of this system and evaluate potential in situ gas phase optical monitors. Hafnium oxide was deposited on a silicon substrate using tetrakis(ethylmethylatnino) hafnium (TEMAH) and water as the hafnium and oxygen sources, respectively. In situ infrared absorption spectroscopic measurements were performed near the growth surface in a research-grade, horizontal-flow reactor under a range of deposition conditions. Density functional theory quantum calculations of vibrational frequencies of expected species were used to facilitate identification of observed spectral features. C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Hurst, W. S.; Burgess, D. R., Jr.; Kimes, W. A.; Nguyen, N. V.; Moore, E. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for funding, R. Pavin for helpful discussions and R. R. Fink and M. J. Carrier for technical assistance. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 121 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600018 ER PT S AU Windsor, E Fahey, A Gillen, G AF Windsor, Eric Fahey, Albert Gillen, Greg BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Use of drop-on-demand inkjet printing technology to produce trace metal contamination standards for the semiconductor industry SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE SIMS; TXRF; contamination standards; semiconductors ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; SILICON-WAFER SURFACES; TOF-SIMS; SPECTROMETRY; TXRF; QUANTIFICATION; DEPOSITION; SAMPLES; ISSUES AB The feasibility of using piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printing technology to produce trace metal contamination standards on silicon wafers has been demonstrated. Prototype standards of Fe and Cu contamination with surface concentrations between 10(13) atoms/cm(2) and 10(15) atoms/cm(2) have been produced using a piezoelectric inkjet printer. Preliminary secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements show that secondary ion intensities are linear with respect to concentration. The success of these preliminary experiments has prompted further work that is currently underway to prepare additional elements at concentrations ranging from 107 atoms/cm(2) to 10(15) atoms/cm(2) for characterization by both SMS and total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF). C1 [Windsor, Eric; Fahey, Albert; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Windsor, E (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 146 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600022 ER PT S AU Cook, LP Cavicchi, RE Green, ML Montgomery, CB Egelhoff, WF AF Cook, L. P. Cavicchi, R. E. Green, M. L. Montgomery, C. B. Egelhoff, W. F. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Thin-film nanocalorimetry: A new approach to the evaluation of interfacial stability for nanoelectronic applications SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE nanocalorimetry; interfacial reactions; interface stability; thin-films; Ni; Si; CMOS; gate-stack; WMS; DSC AB Many potential thin-film multilayer structures, which could otherwise have useful properties for nanoelectronic applications, may fail due to deleterious reactions at hetero-interfaces that destroy or alter the intended performance. For simpler materials, thermodynamic calculations may provide valuable insights. However, for many new combinations of complex materials, the data set required for stability prediction is incomplete. Kinetic factors, very difficult to predict, also affect the suitability of a given materials combination for a particular application. Consequently, there is a need for direct experimental evaluation of interfacial stability for candidate materials in a number of technologically important systems, including the advanced CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) gate stack. In this paper, we describe the application of sensitive thin-film, MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) - type DSCs (differential scanning calorimeters) to investigate the thermal signatures produced by interfacial reactions, using Ni/Si as an example. C1 [Cook, L. P.; Green, M. L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cavicchi, R. E.; Montgomery, C. B.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Egelhoff, W. F.] NIST, Met Div, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, LP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 151 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600023 ER PT S AU Fuller, ER Quinn, GD Cook, RF AF Fuller, Edwin R., Jr. Quinn, George D. Cook, Robert F. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Strength and fracture measurements at the nano scale SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE fracture; strength; toughness ID RADIAL FRACTURE; ACUTE PROBES; INDENTATION AB Two complementary methods are described for measuring the fracture strength and toughness of components and materials at the nano scale. The first makes use of a test specimen formed into a theta-like geometry that is loaded vertically in compression, subjecting an incorporated horizontal ligament to uniaxial tension, thereby permitting component tensile strengths to be measured. Demonstrations are shown for Si specimens with 10 mu m-scale ligaments. The second makes use of instrumented indentation testing, "nanoindentation," methods in which an acute, cube-corner probe is loaded onto a surface generating cracks that permit material toughness to be measured. Demonstrations are shown for a series of low dielectric constant film at sub-gm length scales. C1 [Fuller, Edwin R., Jr.; Quinn, George D.; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Nanomech Properties Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fuller, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Nanomech Properties Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 156 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600024 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Kramar, J Stern, LA Notte, J Mcvey, S AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Kramar, John Stern, Lewis A. Notte, John McVey, Sean BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Helium ion microscopy: a new technique for semiconductor metrology and Nanotechnology SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE electron microscope; focused ion beam; scanning helium ion microscope; ion imaging AB The Helium Ion Microscope (HIM) offers a new, potentially disruptive technique for nano-metrology. This methodology presents an approach to measurements for nanotechnology and nano-manufacturing which has several potential advantages over the traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM) currently in use in integrated circuit research and manufacturing facilities across the world. Due to the very small, essentially one atom size, very high brightness source, and the shorter wavelength of the helium ions, it is theoretically possible to focus the ion beam into a smaller probe size relative to that of an electron beam of current SEMs. Hence higher resolution is theoretically achievable. In contrast to the SEM, when the helium ion beam interacts with the sample, it generates significantly smaller excitation volume and thus the image collected is more surface sensitive. Similarly to the SEM the HIM also produces topographic, material, crystallographic, and potential contrast, and offers ways for investigating new properties of the sample through the use of various detectors. Compared to an SEM, the secondary electron yield is quite high, allowing for imaging at very low beam currents, thus resulting in less sample damage. Additionally, due to their low mass, the helium ions themselves do not significantly alter the sample, which would be common, for example, for gallium ions that are regularly used for ion milling. This paper reports on some of the preliminary work being done at NIST in the exploration of HIM as a measurement tool for nano-metrology. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.; Kramar, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stern, Lewis A.; Notte, John; McVey, Sean] ALIS Zeiss Corp, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors would like to thank and acknowledge Steve Knight and Jack Martinez of the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for their support of this work. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 161 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600025 ER PT S AU Geiss, RH Read, DT AF Geiss, Roy H. Read, David T. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Need for standardization of EBSD measurements for microstructural characterization of thin film structures SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE copper; EBSD; grain size; microstructure; standards; texture; twins AB Microstructural characterization of metal thin films includes measurement of grain size, crystallographic texture and misorientation angle across grain boundaries. All of these measurements can be made simultaneously by the use of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope. The use of EBSD measurements to characterize microstructure requires the collection and analysis of thousands of individual diffraction patterns, and the extraction of statistical quantities of interest from the data set. The results depend on the particular analytical procedures used. Since the grains in interconnect structures are often much smaller than those in bulk materials, the measurement and reporting protocols require adaptation of procedures developed for bulk materials. Here we demonstrate results from a specific procedure for collecting and analyzing EBSD data on electrodeposited copper films. We show that without careful controls, the apparent grain size can vary by a factor of two or more, and the time required to acquire the data can differ by hours. The demonstrated practical advantages of EBSD over previously available techniques and the severe effect of experimental parameters on the results support the need for standardization of the methods used for microstructural characterization by use of EBSD. C1 [Geiss, Roy H.; Read, David T.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 168 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600026 ER PT S AU Lavery, KA Prabhu, VM Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, S Wormington, M AF Lavery, Kristopher A. Prabhu, Vivek M. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Satija, Sushil Wormington, Matthew BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Off-specular X-ray and neutron reflectometry for the structural characterization of buried interfaces SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE reflectometry; off-specular reflectivity; roughness; interface; polymer; thin film ID GRAZING-INCIDENCE; ROUGH SURFACES; SCATTERING; REFLECTIVITY; MULTILAYERS AB Off-specular reflectivity or diffuse scattering is sensitive to lateral compositional variations at surfaces and interfaces. It is particularly well-suited as a means of measuring the form and amplitude of surface roughness, as well as separating contributions from physical roughness and gradients in material density. The roughness and lateral correlation lengths of model rough surfaces were cross-correlated using neutron and x-ray off-specular reflectivity (OSNR and OSXR, respectively), and using power spectral density (PSD) analysis of atomic force microscopy (AFM) data. These experiments highlight the advantages of the technique for the investigation of buried interfaces while illustrating how x-ray and neutron techniques work complementarily to measure interfacial roughness. C1 [Lavery, Kristopher A.; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wormington, Matthew] Bede Sci Inc, Englewood, CO USA. RP Lavery, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Associateship Program FX This work was supported by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. KAL is supported by the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Associateship Program. The authors would like to acknowledge Kwang-Woo Choi and George Thompson at Intel Corporation, and Saibal Basu at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, for their helpful discussions and insights. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 185 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600029 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Soles, CL Kang, SH Ro, HW Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Lee, Hae-Jeong Soles, Christopher L. Kang, Shuhui Ro, Hyun Wook Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI X-ray reflectivity measurements of nanoscale structures: Limits of the effective medium approximation SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE X-ray reflectivity; effective medium approximation; pattern structure; line gratings; nanoimprint lithography; optical contact lithography AB Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) can be used, in the limit of the effective medium approximation (EMA), as a high-resolution shape metrology for periodic patterns on a smooth substrate. The EMA means that the density of the solid patterns and the spaces separating the periodic patterns are averaged together. In this limit the density profile as a function of pattern height obtained by SXR can be used to extract quantitative pattern profile information. Here we explore the limitations of SXR as a pattern shape metrology by studying a series of linear grating structures with periodicities ranging from 300 nm to 16 mu m and determining at which length scales the EMA breaks down. We also study the angular dependence of the grating orientation with respect to the incident X-ray beam. The gratings systematically are rotated through a series of azimuthal angles with the incident X-ray beams ranging from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. The applicability of the EMA is related to the coherence length of the X-ray source. When the coherence length of beam is larger than the physical dimension of grating periodicities, EMA can be applied for characterizing nanostructures. For our slit-collimated X-ray source, the coherence length in the direction parallel to the long axis of the slit is on the order of 900 nm while the coherence length along the main axis of the beam appears to be in the range of (22 to 26) mu m. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600033 ER PT S AU Windover, D Gil, DL Cline, JP Henins, A Armstrong, N Hung, PY Song, SC Jammy, R Diebold, A AF Windover, D. Gil, D. L. Cline, J. P. Henins, A. Armstrong, N. Hung, P. Y. Song, S. C. Jammy, R. Diebold, A. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI NIST method for determining model-independent structural information by X-ray reflectometry SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE x-ray reflectometry; metrology; thickness; thin films; zirconium nitride; genetic algorithm; markov chain monte carlo ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; REFLECTIVITY; DIFFRACTION; METROLOGY; FILM AB This work provides a method for determining when X-ray reflectometry (XRR) data provides useful information about structural model parameters. State-of-the-art analysis approaches for XRR data emphasize fitting measured data to a single structural model using fast optimization methods, such as genetic algorithms (GA). Though such optimization may find the best solution for a given model, it does not adequately map the parameter space to provide uncertainty estimates or test structural model validity. We present here two approaches for determining which structural parameters convey accurate information about the physical reality. First, using GA refinement, we repeatedly fit the data to several structural models. By comparing the maximum-likelihood estimates of the parameters in each model, we identify model-independent information. Second, we perform a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) analysis using the most self-consistent structural model to provide uncertainty estimates for structural parameters. This two step approach uses fast, optimized refinement to search a range of models to locate structural information and a more detailed MCMC sampling to estimate parameter uncertainties. Here we present an example of this approach on a ZrN/TiN/Si structure, concentrating on thickness. C1 [Windover, D.; Cline, J. P.; Henins, A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gil, D. L.] Coruscavi Software, Washington, DC USA. [Armstrong, N.] UTS, Dept Phys & Adv Mat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Hung, P. Y.; Song, S. C.; Jammy, R.; Diebold, A.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX USA. RP Windover, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Metrology at SEMATECH; OMP; MSEL/Ceramics at NIST FX This work was funded by Metrology at SEMATECH and by OMP and MSEL/Ceramics at NIST. Special thanks to S. Govindarajan of SEMATECH for deposition and to M. Wormington of BEDE X-ray Metrology for use of REFS XRR modeling software. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 287 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600046 ER PT S AU Chang, KS Bassim, ND Schenck, PK Suehle, J Takeuchi, I Green, ML AF Chang, K. -S. Bassim, N. D. Schenck, P. K. Suehle, J. Takeuchi, I. Green, M. L. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Combinatorial methodologies applied to the advanced CMOS gate stack SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE combinatorial methodology; high-k dielectrics; metal gate library AB As the CMOS gate stack continues to scale to smaller dimensions, new materials must be introduced into the stack to keep pace with design requirements. One way to measure the properties of new materials systems is through the use of high-throughput experimentation, called combinatorial methodology. We describe two examples of combinatorial experimental design for CMOS. In the first, we will demonstrate library design and growth of Al-Hf-Y-O films for high-k applications. In the second, we will demonstrate Ni-Ti-Pt metal gate libraries for Si/HfO2/metal gate electrode applications. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chang, KS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600048 ER PT S AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, C. J. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Distinguishability of N composition profiles in SiON films on Si by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE gate oxides; silicon; silicon oxynitride; simulation; surface analysis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MEAN FREE PATHS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; SPECTRA; RANGE; DEPTH; AES; XPS AB We report on the use of the NIST Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to determine N 1s, O 1s, and Si 2p(3/2) photoelectron intensities for a 25 angstrom SiON film on a Si substrate with different distributions of N in the film. These simulations were made to assess the distinguishability of angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) signals for each N distribution. Our approach differs from conventional simulations of ARXPS data in that we do not neglect elastic scattering of the photoelectrons and the finite solid angle of the analyzer. Appreciable dispersion of the photoelectron intensities was found only for the N ls intensities at an emission angle of 75 degrees (with respect to the surface normal). Conventional analyses of ARXPS data that include such large emission angles are unlikely to be valid due to angle-dependent changes of the attenuation length. We demonstrate the magnitude of elastic-scattering and analyzer solid-angle effects on the calculated angular distributions. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 303 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600049 ER PT S AU Nguyen, NV Kirillov, O Xiong, HD Suehle, JS AF Nguyen, N. V. Kirillov, O. Xiong, H. D. Suehle, J. S. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Internal photoemission spectroscopy of metal gate high-k semiconductor interfaces SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE internal photoemission; high-k dielectric; metal oxide semiconductor ID HFO2 AB Internal photoemission (IPE) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for investigating electronic properties of inhomogeneous interfaces of hetero-structures. Two of the most important aspects of IPE measurements involve threshold spectroscopy and photoelectron yield spectroscopy. In the first measurement type, IPE is used to determine the barrier heights at the interfaces while the second deals with photoemission of carriers (electrons and holes) with the energies above and below the barrier. We will present a brief description of the IPE principle upon which the extraction of the interfacial energy thresholds or barrier heights is based. The details of our IPE experiment setup will be also presented. For applications, in this report we will focus mainly on the first aspect of IPE where we determine the barrier heights of a technologically important class of materials which includes various metal-high-k insulator-semiconductor structures. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, NV (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Kirillov, Oleg/A-4242-2009 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600050 ER PT S AU Ho, DL Wang, CQ Lin, EK Jones, RL Wu, WL AF Ho, Derek L. Wang, Chengqing Lin, Eric K. Jones, Ronald L. Wu, Wen-Li BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI A laboratory scale critical-dimension small-angle x-ray scattering instrument SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE critical dimension metrology; small angle x-ray scattering; nanostructures ID CALIBRATION AB New methods for critical dimension (CD) measurements may be needed to enable the detailed characterization of nanoscale structures produced in the semiconductor industry and for nanotechnology applications. In earlier work, small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements with synchrotron sources have shown promise in meeting several grand challenges for CD metrology. However, it is not practical to depend upon x-ray synchrotron sources., which are large national facilities with limitations in the number of available instruments. To address this problem, a laboratory scale SAXS instrument for critical dimension measurements on periodic nanoscale patterns has been designed, installed, and tested. The system possesses two configurations, SAXS and ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS), with a radiation target of either copper or molybdenum. With these configurations, the instrument is capable of accessing scattering angles that probe length scales ranging from ca. 0.5 nm to 2 mu m. In this work, we compare CD-SAXS measurements taken from a synchrotron-based SAXS at the Advanced Photon Source of the Argonne National Laboratory with those from the National Institute of Standards and Technology laboratory-scale SAXS instrument. The results from standard line/space gratings possessing periodic line-space patterns with CDs of tens to hundreds of nanometers show that the laboratory-scale system can quantitatively measure parameters, such as the pitch, line width, height, line-width roughness and sidewall angle. These results show that laboratory-scale measurements are feasible and can be used for research and development purposes or to assist calibration of optical scatterometry and CD-scanning electron microscopy instruments. The primary limitation of the measurement is that the data collection rate is unacceptably slow for production metrology because of the significantly lower x-ray beam fluxes currently available. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ho, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 382 EP 386 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600062 ER PT S AU Allen, RA Dixson, RG Cresswell, MW Guthrie, WF Shulver, BJR Bunting, AS Stevenson, JTM Walton, AJ AF Allen, Richard A. Dixson, Ronald G. Cresswell, Michael W. Guthrie, William F. Shulver, Byron J. R. Bunting, A. S. Stevenson, J. T. M. Walton, Anthony J. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI CD reference materials fabricated on monolithic 200 mm wafers for automated metrology tool applications SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE metrology; linewidth; critical dimension (CD); reference material (RM); optical critical dimension (OCD); scatterometry AB Recently, prototype isolated-line, single-crystal critical dimension (CD) reference materials (SCCDRMs) with linewidths as narrow as 40 nm +/- 1.5 nm have been reported. These reference materials, designated NIST Prototype Reference Material (RM) 8111, were configured as 10 mm by 11 mm silicon test chips mounted in 200 mm carrier wafers. The RM 8111 chips were fabricated using microelectromechanical (MEMS) process techniques, which assure the alignment of the sidewalls of the features to silicon (111) lattice planes, and were calibrated in a sequence involving atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) metrology. This paper reports initial results on SCCDRMs fabricated on 200 nun bulk wafers; this monolithic approach would eliminate the need for carrier wafers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shulver, Byron J. R.; Bunting, A. S.; Stevenson, J. T. M.; Walton, Anthony J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Electron, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; Walton, Anthony/B-9108-2009; Bunting, Andrew/L-2357-2013 OI Bunting, Andrew/0000-0001-5104-145X FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Edinburgh Research Partnership (ERP) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), and Edinburgh Research Partnership (ERP). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 387 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600063 ER PT S AU Patrick, HJ Germer, TA Cresswell, MW Allen, RA Dixson, RG Bishop, M AF Patrick, Heather J. Germer, Thomas A. Cresswell, Michael W. Allen, Richard A. Dixson, Ronald G. Bishop, Michael BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Modeling and analysis of scatterometry signatures for optical critical dimension reference material applications SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE optical critical dimension; scatterometry; SIMOX; semiconductors; critical dimension metrology AB We use an optical critical dimension (OCD) technique, matching modeled to measured scatterometry signatures, to obtain critical dimension linewidth of lines in grating targets fabricated on SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) substrates using the single-crystal critical dimension reference materials (SCCDRM) process. We first compare experimentally obtained reflectance signatures for areas of the unpatterned substrate with signatures modeled using Fresnel theory, and show that the buried oxide (BOX) layer of the SIMOX is not well described optically by a single homogeneous layer of SiO2, but can be so described if a mixed Si-SiO2 boundary layer is included between the Si wafer and the BOX layer. We then obtain linewidths from OCD measurements on a series of grating targets with a range of design linewidths and pitches, and show that the linewidth obtained from the OCD technique is linearly related to the linewidth obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with a slope near unity and zero offset. While these results are very promising, further work in improving the fit of the simulated signatures to the measured signatures for some of the targets, reducing the target line roughness, and analyzing the uncertainties for potential optical critical dimension reference materials, is anticipated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 392 EP 396 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600064 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Attota, R Howard, LP Lipscomb, P Stocker, MT Silver, RM AF Barnes, Bryan M. Attota, Ravikiran Howard, Lowell P. Lipscomb, Pete Stocker, Michael T. Silver, Richard M. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Zero-order and super-resolved imaging of arrayed nanoscale lines using scatterfield microscopy SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE scatterfield microscopy; super-resolution; zero-order; gratings; microscope objective; microscopy ID RESOLUTION; CONTRAST; ILLUMINATION; LIMIT AB Super-resolution in optical microscopy has been pursued historically through different methods, e.g., dark-field, phase contrast, and oblique illumination, etc. For each type of microscopy, the ultimate resolution available is dependent upon the amount of a priori knowledge the observer has about the object. The metrology of photolithographically patterned structures on silicon wafers is aided by a foreknowledge of the target design. By manipulating the angular degrees of freedom of the illumination solid angle, our resolution for these patterned wafers is enhanced through what we have termed scatterfield microscopy. Examples of using oblique illumination to control the illumination angle are provided as we image the zero-order and first-order diffraction from sub-resolved overlay targets. Lines with critical dimensions as narrow as lambda/8 are resolved using this technique. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lipscomb, Pete] Internatl SEMATECH Mfg Initiat, Austin, TX USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 397 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600065 ER PT S AU Wang, CQ Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL Ho, DL Villarrubia, JS Choi, KW Clarke, JS Roberts, J Bristol, R Bunday, B AF Wang, Chengqing Jones, Ronald L. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Ho, Derek L. Villarrubia, John S. Choi, Kwang-Woo Clarke, James S. Roberts, Jeanette Bristol, Robert Bunday, Benjamin BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Line edge roughness and cross sectional characterization of sub-50 nm structures using critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE critical dimension metrology; line edge roughness; extreme ultraviolet lithography; scatterometry AB The need to characterize line edge and line width roughness in patterns with sub-50 nm critical dimensions challenges existing platforms based on electron microscopy and optical scatterometry. The development of x-ray based metrology platforms provides a potential route to characterize a variety of parameters related to line edge roughness by analyzing the diffracted intensity from a periodic array of test patterns. In this study, data from a series of photoresist line/space patterns featuring programmed line width roughness are measured by critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS). For samples with designed periodic roughness, CD-SAXS provides the wavelength and amplitude of the periodic roughness through satellite diffraction peaks. For real world applications, the rate of decay of intensity, termed an effective 'Debye-Waller" factor in CD-SAXS, provides an overall measure of the defects of the patterns. CD-SAXS data are compared to values obtained from critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM). Correlations between the techniques exist, however significant differences are observed for the current samples. A tapered cross sectional profile provides a likely explanation for the observed differences between CD-SEM and CD-SAXS measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 402 EP 406 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600066 ER PT S AU Woodward, JT Hwang, J Prabhu, VM Choi, KW AF Woodward, John T. Hwang, Jeeseong Prabhu, Vivek M. Choi, Kwang-Woo BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Hunting the origins of line width roughness with chemical force microscopy SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE photoresist; line width roughness; atomic force microscope; chemical force microscope; EUV lithography; latent image ID AMPLIFIED PHOTORESISTS; LITHOGRAPHY; FRONT AB Chemical force microscopy, a variant of atomic force microscopy, is being developed to image the spatial distributions of chemical species at different stages of the lithography process. By imaging the chemical changes that occur in the resist during the lithographic process we gain insight into the fundamental physical and chemical processes that determine the fidelity of pattern replication in the resist. We have examined several stages of the lithography process including the homogeneity of resist after spin casting, latent image formation, and segregation during development to look for possible contributions to line width roughness in lithographic patterns. We have obtained good chemical contrast in a variety of systems that provide insight into the underlying fundamentals. We also discuss work to develop the metrological underpinnings of chemical force microscopy. C1 NIST, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woodward, JT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 413 EP 418 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600068 ER PT S AU Tarrio, C Hill, SB Ermanoski, I Lucatorto, TB Madey, TE Chandhok, M Fang, M AF Tarrio, C. Hill, S. B. Ermanoski, I. Lucatorto, T. B. Madey, T. E. Chandhok, M. Fang, M. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Metrology related to the multilayer mirrors in an extreme-ultraviolet stepper SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; multilayer optics; lifetime testing AB Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is slated for introduction in the 2012 time frame for volume production of chips with 32-nm design rules. NIST has a program to perform metrology on the multilayer mirrors used to focus the 13.5 nm EUV radiation employed in the stepper. This program includes accurate mirror reflectivity measurements and accelerated lifetime testing. One of the major obstacles to attaining high volume manufacturing is lifetime of the mirrors comprising the projection system. Ongoing endurance testing of Ru-capped multilayer mirrors at the National Institute of Standards and Technology synchrotron facility has revealed that the damage resulting from EUV irradiation does not in general depend on the exposure conditions in an intuitive way. Previous exposures of Ru-capped multilayers to EUV radiation in the presence of water vapor demonstrated that the mirror damage rate actually decreases with increasing water pressure. We will present results of recent exposures showing that the reduction in damage for partial pressures of water up to 5x10(-6) Torr is not the result of a spatially uniform decrease in reflectivity across the Gaussian intensity distribution of the incident EUV beam. Instead, under a range of water partial pressures, we observe a drop in the damage rate in the center of the exposure spot where the intensity is greatest, while the reflectivity loss in the wings of the intensity distribution appears to be independent of water partial pressure. An investigation is underway to find the cause of the non-Gaussian damage profile. Preliminary results and hypotheses will be discussed. In addition to high-resolution reflectometry of the EUV-exposure sites, the results of surface analysis such as XPS will be presented. Although the observations presented here are based on exposures of Ru-capped samples, unless novel capping layers are similarly characterized, direct application of accelerated testing results could significantly overestimate mirror lifetime in the production environment. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600071 ER PT S AU Li, QL Koo, SM Xiong, HD Edelstein, MD Suehle, JS Zhu, XX Ioannou, DE Richter, CA AF Li, Qiliang Koo, Sang-Mo Xiong, Hao D. Edelstein, Monica D. Suehle, John S. Zhu, Xiaoxiao Ioannou, Dimitris E. Richter, Curt A. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Methods to characterize the electrical and mechanical properties of Si nanowires SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE nanowire; Transfer Length Method; nanoelectromechanical system; non-volatile memory AB We report metrology methods to characterize nanowires. In this work, representative devices and test structures, including nanoelectromechanical switches, non-volatile nanowire memory devices with SONOS structure, and both transfer-length-method and Kelvin test structures, have been developed to investigate the electrical and mechanical properties of the silicon nanowires. These methods and test structures can be readily applied to other (non-Si) semiconductor nanowires/nanotubes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 457 EP 461 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600075 ER PT S AU Gergel-Hackett, N Hacker, CA Richter, LJ Kirillov, OA Richter, CA AF Gergel-Hackett, N. Hacker, C. A. Richter, L. J. Kirillov, O. A. Richter, C. A. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI The characterization of silicon-based molecular devices SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE molecular electronics; self-assembled monolayer; hybrid silicon/molecular devices ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRONICS; ALDEHYDES; ALCOHOLS AB In order to realize molecular electronic (ME) technology, an intermediate integration with more traditional silicon-based technologies will likely be required. However, there has been little effort to develop the metrology needed to enable the fabrication and characterization of CMOS-compatible ME devices. In this work, we used two different characterization techniques to evaluate the potential of molecular electronic device materials with increased CMOS-compatibility. The first technique was the electrical characterization of a simple prototypical molecular electronic device structure fabricated on a silicon substrate with a (111) crystalline orientation. To compare these electrical results with the structure of the molecular monolayers (which is critical to confirm that the molecules are playing a role in charge transport), a novel backside incident FTIR technique (the second technique) was used to spectroscopically characterize the molecular monolayers under a full top-metallization. The combination of these two characterization techniques showed that silver top contacts, unlike gold top contacts, do not penetrate and displace the molecular monolayer. We then fabricated and electrically characterized a prototypical molecular electronic device structure using the silicon orientation that is traditionally used for CMOS devices (Si (100)). Assembly on Si (100) can enable integrated ME-CMOS structures that allow on-chip characterization of molecular devices and is a major step on the route to hybrid molecular-CMOS circuitry. C1 [Gergel-Hackett, N.; Hacker, C. A.; Richter, L. J.; Kirillov, O. A.; Richter, C. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Gergel-Hackett, Nadine/B-9704-2009; Kirillov, Oleg/A-4242-2009; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and the DARPA MoleApps Program; NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab facility FX This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and the DARPA MoleApps Program. The devices were fabricated with the support of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology's Nanofab facility. The experimental research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associate Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 467 EP + PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600077 ER PT S AU Unguris, J Chung, SH Pierce, DT AF Unguris, J. Chung, S-H. Pierce, D. T. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI SEMPA imaging for spintronics applications SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Standards & Technol, SEMATECH, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Semiconductor Res Corp, Semiconductor Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE nanomagnetism; spintronics; spin polarization; exchange coupling; spin torque transfer; spin reorientation ID MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Scanning Electron Microscopy with Polarization Analysis (SEMPA) provides high resolution (10 nm) magnetization images simultaneously with, but independent of, the topography. Such information is very useful in studying spintronics devices as illustrated by three examples: 1) exchange coupling of magnetic layers, 2) spin-transfer switching in magnetic nanowires, and 3) the ferromagnetic metal-semiconductor interface. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unguris, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 472 EP 476 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600078 ER PT S AU Wang, WY Richter, CA AF Wang, Wenyong Richter, Curt A. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Spin-polarized inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of molecular magnetic tunnel junctions SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE spin dependent transport; molecular self-assembly ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FERROMAGNETIC JUNCTIONS; VOLTAGE-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SPINTRONICS; TRANSPORT; NI(111) AB In this study, we fabricate molecular magnetic tunnel junctions and demonstrate that inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy technique can be utilized to inspect such junctions to investigate the existence of desired molecular species in the device area. Tunneling magnetoresistance measurements have been carried out and spin-dependent tunneling transport has been observed. Bias-dependence of the tunneling resistance has also been detected. IETS measurements at different magnetic field suggested that the TMR bias-dependence was likely caused by the inelastic scattering due to the molecular vibrations. C1 [Wang, Wenyong; Richter, Curt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, WY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU DARPA MoleApps Program FX The authors thank D. DeLongchamp, D. Gundlach, C. Hacker, O. Kirillov, M. Stiles, J. Suehle, and E. Vogel for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the DARPA MoleApps Program. The fabrication was performed at the NiST Advanced Measurement Laboratory Nanofab and the Cornell Nano-Scale Science & Technology Facility. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 477 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600079 ER PT S AU Obrzut, J Migler, K Dong, L Jiao, J AF Obrzut, J. Migler, K. Dong, L. Jiao, J. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Impedance and capacitance measurement of individual carbon nanotubes SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE carbon nanotubes; quantum capacitance; impedance ID TRANSPORT AB We experimentally examined the impedance of individual single wall carbon nanotubes (SANT) in the frequency range of 40 Hz to I 10 MHz. The tubes were assembled as a conducting channel of field-effect transistor (FET) structures from aqueous suspension using dielectrophoresis. At the low frequency limit the impedance is independent of the frequency and equivalent to real resistance. We observe a sharp conductor-insulator transition at a crossover frequency of about 2.5 MHz, above which the circuit response becomes capacitive. The extracted SWNT capacitance, C-SWNT, of about 4 10(-14) F/mu m, is independent of the total real resistance, however the C-SWNT value is larger than that theoretically predicted quantum capacitance C-QE. Within this formalism we estimate that the effective Fermi velocity of charge carriers, V-F, for our SWNT is about 10(3) m/s, which is about two orders of magnitude below V-F of a perfect tube. Our results agree qualitatively with the theoretical impedance characteristic of a SWNT, and furthermore, they imply that the crossover frequency due to quantum capacitance of a perfect SWNT would fall in the range of about 100 GHz. C1 [Obrzut, J.; Migler, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dong, L.; Jiao, J.] Portland State Univ, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Dong, L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Carbon Nanotube Competence Program FX This work was supported in part by the NIST Carbon Nanotube Competence Program. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 483 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600080 ER PT S AU Wallis, TM Imtiaz, A Nembach, HT Rice, P Kabos, P AF Wallis, T. Mitch Imtiaz, Atif Nembach, Hans T. Rice, Paul Kabos, Pavel BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Metrology for high-frequency nanoelectronics SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE calibration; carbon nanotubes; microwaves; near-field electromagnetics; radio frequency nanoelectronics; scanning probe microscopy ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY AB Two metrological tools for high-frequency measurements of nanoscale systems are described: (i) two/N-port analysis of nanoscale devices as well as (ii) near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) for materials characterization. Calibrated two/N-port measurements were made on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) welded to a coplanar waveguide. Significant changes in the extracted high-frequency electrical response of the welded MWNT were measured when the contacts to the MWNT were modified. Additionally, NSMM was used to characterize films of nanotube soot deposited on copper and sapphire substrates. The material properties of the films showed a strong dependence on the substrate material. C1 [Wallis, T. Mitch; Imtiaz, Atif; Nembach, Hans T.; Rice, Paul; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 525 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600087 ER PT S AU Kopanski, JJ Afridi, MY Jeliazkov, S Jiang, W Walker, TR AF Kopanski, J. J. Afridi, M. Y. Jeliazkov, S. Jiang, W. Walker, T. R. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Scanning kelvin force microscopy for characterizing nanostructures in atmosphere SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE contact potential difference; EFM; electrostatic force microscope; scanning Kelvin force microscope; SKFK work function ID PROBE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB The Electrostatic Force Microscope (EFM) and the related Scanning Kelvin Force Nficroscope (SKFM) are of interest for the measurement of potential distributions within nanostructures and for work function measurements of gate metals for next generation CMOS. EFM phase mode has better spatial resolution than SKFM because its signal depends on the electric field gradient, while the SKFM's signal depends on the electric field directly. We have determined the effect of data acquisition conditions on spatial resolution and accuracy of CPD measured with SKFM in atmosphere by using various commercially available tips and a specially designed test chip containing up to four different metal layers. The test chip contains structures intended to simulate nanoparticles and nanowires in various combinations of metals. By comparison to measurements on the test structures using tips with known work functions, the effective work functions of tips with unknown work functions can be estimated. A simple computer model was developed that predicts SKFM signal as a function of tip and sample measurement geometries. Qualitative agreement between the measured and modeled SKFM signal is seen. C1 [Kopanski, J. J.; Afridi, M. Y.; Jeliazkov, S.; Jiang, W.; Walker, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kopanski, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Science Foundation [0139217] FX Thomas Walker participated in this work through a NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. #0139217. This work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanofab at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 530 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600088 ER PT S AU Stan, G Cook, RF AF Stan, Gheorghe Cook, Robert F. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Effects of topography and multi-asperity contacts on nano-scale elastic property measurements by atomic force acoustic microscopy SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE thin films; nano-elasticity; atomic force acoustic microscopy ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; NANOSCALE; SURFACES AB Endowed with nano-scale spatial resolution, atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) provides extremely localized elastic property measurements. We advance here the applicability of AFAM for obtaining accurate elastic modulus measurements on surfaces with nano-size features by considering the topography contribution to the AFAM signal. On nanosize granular An films, the elastic modulus at the grain scale has been mapped out by deconvoluting the contact geometry effect in the AFAM image. Significant variation in the contact area over granular topography arises as the probe is either in single- or multiple-asperity contact with the surface. By correlating the AFAM and topography images we determine variations in the elastic modulus with a lateral resolution better than 10 nm. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 540 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600090 ER PT S AU Hartschuh, RD Lee, N Kisliuk, A Maguire, JF Green, M Foster, MD Sokolov, AP AF Hartschuh, R. D. Lee, N. Kisliuk, A. Maguire, J. F. Green, M. Foster, M. D. Sokolov, A. P. BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC McDonald, R Garner, CM Herr, D Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Nano-Raman spectroscopy is reaching semiconductors SO FRONTIERS OF CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR NANOELECTRONICS: 2007 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics CY MAR 27-29, 2007 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, SEMATECH, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Semicond Res Corp, Semicond Int, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Appl Mat, Bede, J A Woollam Co Inc, Omicron Nanototechnol, Solid State Measurement Inc DE strained silicon; tip-enhanced Raman; apertureless near-field optics; scanning nano-Raman spectroscopy; plasmon resonance; scanning probe microscopy ID MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; STRESS AB We have demonstrated that scanning nano-Raman spectroscopy (SNRS), also known as tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), with side illumination optics can be effectively used for analysis of silicon-based structures at the nanoscale. Despite the disadvantages of side illumination optics, such as difficulties in optical alignment and shadowing by the tip, it has the critical advantage that it may be used for the analysis of non-transparent samples. A key criterion for making SNRS effective for imaging Si samples is the optimization of the contrast between near-field and far-field (background) Raman signals, which improves by an order of magnitude by optimizing the incident and scattering polarization scheme. The resulting nano-Raman images of semiconducting structures yield a spatial resolution similar to 20 nm. C1 [Hartschuh, R. D.; Lee, N.; Kisliuk, A.; Foster, M. D.; Sokolov, A. P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Maguire, J. F.] Mat & Mfg Directorate MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Green, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hartschuh, RD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alexei@uakron.edu FU Cooperative Center for Polymer Photonic; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; University of Akron; NSF FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the Cooperative Center for Polymer Photonics, which is co-funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and The University of Akron. RDH thanks the NSF for an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0441-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 931 BP 549 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGW68 UT WOS:000250957600092 ER PT B AU Kerber, F Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ Bristow, P Rosa, NR AF Kerber, Florian Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. Bristow, Paul Rosa, Nlichael R. BE Sterken, C TI The spectrum of Th-Ar hollow cathode lamps in the 900-4500 nm region: Establishing wavelength standards for the calibration of VLT spectrographs SO FUTURE OF PHOTOMETRIC, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND POLARIMETRIC STANDARDIZATION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Blankenberge, BELGIUM SP Flemish Minist Foreign Policy, European Affairs, Sci & Technol, Belgian Fed Off Sci, Tech & Cultural Affairs, Interuniv Attract Poles Programme, Vrije Univ Brussels, Res Fdn Flanders ID TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH; OH-EMISSION LINES; ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; ORBIT PERFORMANCE; ATLAS; SPECTROSCOPY; INSTRUMENT AB We summarize the history, design and operation of hollow cathode lamps, including technical information that is usually not provided in literature readily available to the astronomical community. We show that modern hollow cathode lamps come close to being an "ideal" calibration lamp as described by a user's wish list. We provide examples of the use of such lamps for wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs both on the ground and in space. We then describe the joint efforts by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), the Space Telescope European Co-ordinating Facility (ST-ECF), and the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to establish the Th-Ar hollow cathode lamp as a standard for the calibration of VLT (Very Large Telescope) spectrographs in the near infrared (IR). In the near-IR only a limited number of wavelength standards are available. Th-Ar hollow cathode lamps provide a rich spectrum in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible region and have been used in astronomy for a long time. We report new measurements using the 2-m UV/visible/IR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at NIST that establish more than 2000 lines as wavelength standards in the range 900 urn to 4500 run. This line list is used as input for a physical model that provides the wavelength calibration for the Cryogenic High-Resolution IR Echelle Spectrometer (CRIRES), ESO's new high-resolution (R approximate to 100 000) IR spectrograph at the VLT. Based on these data and additional measurements investigating other properties relevant for operations we conclude that Th-Ar lamps hold the promise of becoming a standard source for wavelength calibration in near-IR astronomy. C1 [Kerber, Florian] European So Observ, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 2, Garching, Germany. [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bristow, Paul] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rosa, Nlichael R.] Space Telescope European Coordinat Fac, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kerber, F (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 2, Garching, Germany. FU European Southern Observatory (ESO); European Space Agency (ESA) FX form.We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the European Space Agency (ESA). It is a pleasure to thank D. Macchetto (ESA, STScI) for his support. We also thank all members of the CRIRES team for the good collaboration. Special thanks go to Paul Bristow, Sandro DOdorico, and B. Wolff (ESO). NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-32-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 364 BP 461 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGF80 UT WOS:000246501500038 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Yokota, M AF Waples, Robin S. Yokota, Masashi TI Temporal estimates of effective population size in species with overlapping generations SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; SPACED SAMPLES; MATING SYSTEM; GENETIC DRIFT; LIKELIHOOD; STABILITY; NUMBERS; L. AB The standard temporal method for estimating effective population size (N-e) assumes that generations are discrete, but it is routinely applied to species with overlapping generations. We evaluated bias in the estimates III caused by violation of this assumption, using simulated data for three model species: humans (type I survival), sparrow (type II), and barnacle (type III). We verify a previous proposal by Felsenstein that weighting individuals by reproductive value is the correct way to calculate parametric population allele frequencies, in which case the rate of change in age-structured populations conforms to that predicted by discrete-generation models. "AThen the standard temporal method is applied to agestructured species, typical sampling regimes (sampling only newborns or adults; randomly sampling the entire population) do not yield properly weighted allele frequencies and result in biased XT,. The direction and magnitude of the bias are shown to depend on the sampling method and the species' life history. Results for populations that grow (or decline) at a constant rate paralleled those for populations of constant size. If sufficient demographic data are available and certain sampling restrictions are met, the Jorde-Ryman modification of the temporal method can be applied to any species with overlapping generations. Alternatively, spacing the temporal samples many generations apart maximizes the drift signal compared to sampling biases associated with age structure. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI YOKOTA, Masashi/O-1947-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 42 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 4 U2 30 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 175 IS 1 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1534/genetics.106.065300 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 135UV UT WOS:000244180300020 PM 17110487 ER PT J AU Liu, PC AF Liu, Paul C. TI A chronology of freaque wave encounters SO GEOFIZIKA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Paul.C.Liu@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ZAGREB , ANDRIJA MOHOROVICIC GEOPHYS INST PI ZAGREB PA FAC SCIENCE, HORVATOVAC BB, ZAGREB, 10000, CROATIA SN 0352-3659 J9 GEOFIZIKA JI Geofizika PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287IU UT WOS:000254911600004 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Kik, A AF Gentile, Camillo Kik, Alfred GP IEEE TI A frequency-dependence model for the ultra-wideband channel based on propagation events SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE geometric theory of diffraction; GTD AB While the frequency-dependence of the wireless channel may be negligible for narrow to wideband signals, it has been shown that modeling this dependence for bandwidths in excess of 2 GHz improves channel reconstruction up to 40%. Yet to our knowledge, only Molisch et at. have done so for the ultra-wideband channel. Their benchmark frequency model however represents the average dependence over the collection of multi-path arrivals in the channel rather than that of individual arrivals. Building on the Geometric Theory of Diffraction, we propose a novel frequency model for individual arrivals according to the propagation events on their paths between the transmitter and receiver. We extract the model parameters from an extensive measurement campaign of 3000 channel frequency sweeps in three separate buildings combined with raytracing simulations, and show that ours fits the gathered data more closely than the benchmark model. C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Kik, Alfred] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 3852 EP 3857 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505703153 ER PT S AU Hu, B Gharavi, H AF Hu, Bin Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI DSR-based directional routing protocol for ad hoc networks SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE ad hoc netwroks; routing protocols; DSR; directional antennas; directional routing ID ANTENNAS AB In this paper, a Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)-based directional routing protocol is invoked for wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas. This is designed to balance the trade-off between co-channel interferences from nodes hops away, and the total power consumed by all the nodes. Three metrics are considered in the route discovery process in order to select the best route: hop count, power budget and overlaps between adjacent beams. By exploiting the directionality of directional antennas, the proposed DSR-based directional routing protocol is capable of reducing the overlaps between beams of the nodes along the route, hence eliminating the interference. Arbitrary networks and random networks are considered in our simulations. The results show considerable performance gains for transmission of real-time traffic over ad hoc networks. C1 [Hu, Bin; Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov; gharavi@nist.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 4936 EP 4940 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505704163 ER PT S AU Lee, S Sriram, K Kim, K Lee, J Kim, Y Golmie, N AF Lee, SuKyoung Sriram, Kotikalapudi Kim, Kyungsoo Lee, JongHyup Kim, YoonHyuk Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Vertical handoff decision algorithm providing optimized performance in heterogeneous wireless networks SO GLOBECOM 2007: 2007 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 07) CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB There are currently heterogeneous wireless access networks. A large variety of applications utilizing these networks will demand features such as real time, high availability and even instantaneous high bandwidth in some cases. Therefore, it is imperative for network service providers to make the best possible use of the combined resources of available heterogeneous networks for connection support. Thus, with regard to vertical handoff performance, there is a critical need for developing algorithms for connection management and optimal resource allocation for seamless mobility. In this paper, we develop a vertical handoff decision algorithm that enables a wireless access network to not only balance the overall load among all attachment points but also to maximize the collective battery lifetime of Mobile Nodes (MNs). Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms. C1 [Lee, SuKyoung; Lee, JongHyup] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Kyungsoo; Kim, YoonHyuk] Kyung Hee Univ, Yongia, South Korea. [Sriram, Kotikalapudi; Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr; ksriram@nist.gov FU NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2006-000-10614-0] FX This research was supported in part by the NIST/Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES). It was also supported in part by a grant (R01-2006-000-10614-0) from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-1042-2 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2007 BP 5164 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BHY77 UT WOS:000257505704206 ER PT B AU Gergel-Hackett, N Rose, GS Paliwoda, P Hacker, CA Richter, CA AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Rose, Garrett S. Paliwoda, Peter Hacker, Christina A. Richter, Curt A. GP ACM TI On-Chip Characterization of Molecular Electronic Devices: The Design and Simulation of a Hybrid Circuit Based on Experimental Molecular Electronic Device Results SO GLSVLSI'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 ACM GREAT LAKES SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI CY MAR 11-13, 2007 CL Stresa, ITALY SP SIGDA ID ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SINGLE MOLECULES; METAL JUNCTIONS; NANOWELL DEVICE; MEMORY; MONOLAYERS; CONDUCTANCE; FABRICATION AB The focus of the field of molecular electronics primarily has been limited to the development of molecular electronic test devices and the characterization of electron transport through organic molecules. However, in order for molecular electronic technology to be realized, it is probable that these devices will have to first be integrated with traditional CMOS components and circuits. For this reason, we present the design of a molecular device/CMOS hybrid circuit that exemplifies how the two technologies can be integrated as well as how the CMOS circuitry can be used for the on-chip characterization of the molecular electronic devices. This work includes: the fabrication and characterization of silicon-based CMOS-compatible molecular electronic devices, the design of a hybrid circuit that can be used for on-chip characterization of the molecular devices, and Simulations based upon the actual experimental device results that verify the effectiveness of the circuit. The components in this preliminary work have been limited to simple example devices and circuits to serve as a proof of concept, but the basic framework can be expanded in the future to include much more complex behaviors and systems. C1 [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nadinegh@nist.gov; grose@poly.edu; ppaliw01@poly.edu; christina.hacker@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov RI Gergel-Hackett, Nadine/B-9704-2009 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-605-9 PY 2007 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BKG15 UT WOS:000268001100020 ER PT J AU Ray, J Crump, D Chin, M AF Ray, Jim Crump, David Chin, Miranda TI New global positioning system reference station in Brazil SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE GPS; antennas; radomes; ITRF; reference frames; co-location ties ID TIME AB Co-located very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and global positioning system (GPS) reference stations were installed near Fortaleza, Brazil, in 1993. Both have been important in the realization and maintenance of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. A new-generation GPS system was installed in 2005 to replace the original station. Experience gained in the prior 12 years was used to improve the design of the GPS antenna mount. Preliminary indications are greatly improved data quality from the new station. Simultaneous observations from the nearly half-year of overlapping operation have been used to determine the local tie between the new and old GPS reference points to about I mm accuracy. This can be used to update the 1993 survey tie between the original GPS and the VLBI points, although there are questions about the accuracy of that measurement based on a comparison with space geodetic data. A test of removing the conical radome over the old GPS antenna indicates that it has biased the station height by about 16 mm downward, which probably accounts for most of the previous survey discrepancy. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway,N-NGS6, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 EI 1521-1886 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s10291-006-0032-x PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 136YF UT WOS:000244259300001 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Feely, RA AF Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. BE Reay, DS Hewitt, CN Smith, KA Grace, J TI The Oceanic Sink for Carbon Dioxide SO GREENHOUSE GAS SINKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; FEEDBACK MECHANISMS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CYCLE FEEDBACKS; WIND-SPEED; FLUXES C1 [Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov RI Reay, David/F-4054-2010 NR 66 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 24 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-189-6 PY 2007 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1079/9781845931896.0031 D2 10.1079/9781845931896.0000 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BVZ71 UT WOS:000293216200004 ER PT B AU Chian, ACL Kamide, Y AF Chian, Abraham C. -L. Kamide, Yohsuke BE Kamide, Y Chian, ACL TI An Overview of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment SO HANDBOOK OF THE SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID PHYSICS C1 [Chian, Abraham C. -L.] INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Chian, Abraham C. -L.] WISER, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Royal Astron Soc, London, England. RP Chian, ACL (reprint author), INPE, POB 515, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM achian@dge.inpe.br; kamide@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-46314-6 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1007/11367758_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-46315-3 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKR55 UT WOS:000269004800001 ER PT B AU Kamide, Y Maltsev, YP AF Kamide, Yohsuke Maltsev, Yuri P. BE Kamide, Y Chian, ACL TI Geomagnetic Storms SO HANDBOOK OF THE SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RING-CURRENT; MAGNETIC STORMS; SOLAR-WIND; AURORAL OVAL; FIELD; DST; PARAMETERS; DECAY; MAGNETOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE C1 [Kamide, Yohsuke] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Kamide, Yohsuke] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Maltsev, Yuri P.] Polar Geophys Inst, Dept Theoret, Apatity 184200, Murmansk Region, Russia. [Maltsev, Yuri P.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Kamide, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM kamide@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp; kamide@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 59 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-46314-6 PY 2007 BP 355 EP 374 DI 10.1007/11367758_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-46315-3 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BKR55 UT WOS:000269004800014 ER PT S AU Kavanagh, AP Gillaspyl, JD Hirst, DG Mendenha, MH Nakamura, N Ohtani, S Watanabe, H Currell, FJ AF Kavanagh, A. P. Gillaspyl, J. D. Hirst, D. G. Mendenha, M. H. Nakamura, N. Ohtani, S. Watanabe, H. Currell, F. J. BE McCullough, RW Currell, FJ Greenwood, J Gribakin, G Scott, MP TI Radiation from K-shell filling in highly charged ions: a driver for resonant combination cancer therapy? SO HCI 2006: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Physics of Highly Charged Ions CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Queens Univ, Belfast, IRELAND SP Univ Coll Dublin, Phys Dept, Dublin City Univ HO Queens Univ ID DISSEMINATION AB The possibility of using x-radiation from bare and hydrogen-like highly charged ions as a driver for a proposed form of cancer therapy is discussed. This proposed form of therapy, called resonant combination therapy, benefits from a very high contrast ratio between dose to the tumour and dose to the surrounding healthy tissue as is illustrated by some simple model calculations of isodose/ion distributions. The need for further radiobiological measurements and ion source developments in order to make this form of therapy feasible are highlighted. C1 [Kavanagh, A. P.; Hirst, D. G.; Currell, F. J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Gillaspyl, J. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mendenha, M. H.] Vanderbilt Univ, FEL Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Ohtani, S.; Watanabe, H.] Univ Electrocommun, Inst Laser Sci, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. RP Kavanagh, AP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM f.j.currell@qub.ac.uk RI NAKAMURA, Nobuyuki/B-4945-2011; OI Currell, Frederick/0000-0001-9280-4724 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 58 BP 439 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/58/1/101 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF37 UT WOS:000246424800101 ER PT S AU Gillaspy, JD Pomeroy, JM Perrellal, AC Grube, H AF Gillaspy, J. D. Pomeroy, J. M. Perrellal, A. C. Grube, H. BE McCullough, RW Currell, FJ Greenwood, J Gribakin, G Scott, MP TI The potential of highly charged ions: Possible future applications SO HCI 2006: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Physics of Highly Charged Ions CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Queens Univ, Belfast, IRELAND SP Univ Coll Dublin, Phys Dept, Dublin City Univ HO Queens Univ ID X-RAYS; GRAPHITE; SILICON; BEAMS; BOMBARDMENT; EXTRACTION; EFFICIENCY; LINES; TRAP AB This paper mirrors and provides references to an invited review talk delivered by the first author at the 13th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions. It briefly updates and extends an earlier review. C1 [Gillaspy, J. D.; Pomeroy, J. M.; Grube, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Perrellal, A. C.] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gillaspy, JD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU International SEMATECH; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We acknowledge past support from International SEMATECH, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2007 VL 58 BP 451 EP + DI 10.1088/1742-6596/58/1/104 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGF37 UT WOS:000246424800104 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, AI Stepanov, GV Abdulagatov, IM AF Abdulagatov, A. I. Stepanov, G. V. Abdulagatov, I. M. TI The critical properties of binary mixtures containing carbon dioxide: Experimental data SO HIGH TEMPERATURE LA English DT Review ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; EQUILIBRIUM-PHASE PROPERTIES; LIQUID CRITICAL PROPERTIES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH-PRESSURE INVESTIGATIONS; CRITICAL-POINT MEASUREMENTS; EXTENDED CRITICAL REGION; AQUEOUS SODIUM-SULFATE; LEUNG-GRIFFITHS MODEL AB Results are given of comprehensive analysis of the behavior of critical lines of binary mixtures which have CO(2) as one of the components. Methods are considered of measuring the critical properties TC, PC, and pC of pure substances and mixtures and the accuracy of these methods. Data from different sources on the critical properties of CO(2) + soluble substance (SS) binary mixtures are compared for determining the quality and reliability of some or other results and their consistency, and recommendations are given for using these results for scientific and technological purposes. The effect is discussed of the shape of critical lines of CO(2) + SS binary mixtures on the behavior of their phase diagrams. The classification of phase diagrams is given depending on the behavior of critical lines, and the effect of the properties of SS (shape, size of molecules, and specific interactions between CO(2) and SS molecules) on the behavior of critical lines is investigated. C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Geothermy, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, AI (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov; azizagatov@yahoo.com NR 309 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-151X J9 HIGH TEMP+ JI High Temp. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 85 EP 126 DI 10.1134/S0018151X07010117 PG 42 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 140RF UT WOS:000244523000011 ER PT J AU Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ Blakestad, RB Bollinger, JJ Britton, J Chiaverini, J Epstein, RJ Itano, WM Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Ozeri, R Reichle, R Seidelin, S Shiga, N Wesenberg, JH AF Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. Blakestad, R. B. Bollinger, J. J. Britton, J. Chiaverini, J. Epstein, R. J. Itano, W. M. Jost, J. D. Knill, E. Langer, C. Ozeri, R. Reichle, R. Seidelin, S. Shiga, N. Wesenberg, J. H. TI Towards scaling up trapped ion quantum information processing SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum information; ion traps; scalability ID COMPUTATION; ENTANGLEMENT; ARCHITECTURE; SEPARATION; COMPUTER; QUBITS; SYSTEM; STATE; GATES AB Recent theoretical advances have identified several computational algorithms that can be implemented utilizing quantum information processing (QIP), which gives an exponential speedup over the corresponding (known) algorithms on conventional computers. QIP makes use of the counter-intuitive properties of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and the superposition principle. Unfortunately it has so far been impossible to build a practical QIP system that outperforms conventional computers. Atomic ions confined in an array of interconnected traps represent a potentially scalable approach to QIP. All basic requirements have been experimentally demonstrated in one and two qubit experiments. The remaining task is to scale the system to many qubits while minimizing and correcting errors in the system. While this requires extremely challenging technological improvements, no fundamental roadblocks are currently foreseen. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dil@boulder.nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 174 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/s10751-007-9571-y PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 201WU UT WOS:000248864100001 ER PT S AU Kromann, S Johnston, K AF Kromann, Sonja Johnston, Kit BE Anderson, KL TI NOAA Fisheries Library Consortium (NFLC): Project overview, process and outcomes SO IAMSLIC: EVERY CONTINENT, EVERY OCEAN SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE, LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Conference of the International-Association-of-Aquatic-and-Marine-Science-Libraries-and-In formation-Centers CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Int Assoc Aquat & Marine Sci Lib & Informat Ctr C1 [Kromann, Sonja] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab Lib, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA SN 8755-6332 J9 IAMSLIC C S PY 2007 VL 32 BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BHB88 UT WOS:000252106000008 ER PT B AU Lee, K Song, E AF Lee, Kang Song, Eugene BE Cui, J Jiming, Q TI Wireless sensor network based on IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE 1451.5-802.11 SO ICEMI 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF 2007 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT & INSTRUMENTS, VOL IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments CY AUG 16-18, 2007 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Beijing Sect, Chinese Inst Elect, Measurement & Instruments Soc DE iEEE 1451.0; IEEE 1451.5; NCAP; WTIM-1; TIM; TEDS; sensors interface; sensor standard; smart transducer; wireless sensor network; IEE 802.11 AB This paper describes a wireless sensor network (WSN) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)'s 1451.0, 1451.5, and 802.11 standards. The implementation of the IEEE-based WSN was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The WSN consists of two wireless nodes - the Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) node and Wireless Transducer Interface Module (WTIM) node. In operation the NCAP node communicates wirelessly with the WTIM node using the IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE 1451.5 interfaces through the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication modules. In the paper two case studies illustrate the implementation of the request and response of the sensor data and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) using the client-server model. The work described provides a foundation and some guidelines for implementing a wireless sensor monitoring application based on the IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5 standards. C1 [Lee, Kang; Song, Eugene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2007 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGX86 UT WOS:000251177300002 ER PT J AU Overholtz, WJ Link, JS AF Overholtz, W. J. Link, J. S. TI Consumption impacts by marine mammals, fish, and seabirds on the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex during the years 1977-2002 SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic herring; consumption; ecosystem; predation; uncertainty framework ID TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; PHOCA-VITULINA-CONCOLOR; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; BLUEFIN TUNA; STOMACH CONTENTS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; PREDATION MORTALITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION AB A comprehensive study of the impact of predation during the years 1977-2002 on the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank herring complex is presented. An uncertainty approach was used to model input variables such as predator stock size, daily ration, and diet composition. Statistical distributions were constructed on the basis of available data, producing informative and uninformative inputs for estimating herring consumption within an uncertainty framework. Consumption of herring by predators tracked herring abundance closely during the study period, as this important prey species recovered following an almost complete collapse during the late 1960s and 1970s. Annual consumption of Atlantic herring by four groups of predators, demersal fish, marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds, averaged just 58 000 t in the late 1970s, increased to 123 000 t between 1986 and 1989, 290 000 t between 1990 and 1994, and 310 000 t during the years 1998-2002. Demersal fish consumed the largest proportion of this total, followed by marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds. Sensitivity analyses suggest that future emphasis should be placed on collecting time-series of diet composition data for marine mammals, large pelagic fish, and seabirds, with additional monitoring focused on the abundance of seabirds and daily rations of all groups. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Overholtz, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM william.overholtz@noaa.gov NR 76 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 83 EP 96 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsl009 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173HY UT WOS:000246865300009 ER PT J AU Miller, TJ Skalski, JR Ianelli, JN AF Miller, Timothy J. Skalski, John R. Ianelli, James N. TI Optimizing a stratified sampling design when faced with multiple objectives SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multi-parameter; North Pacific; observer coverage; optimal sampling; stratified sampling ID ESTIMATING AGE COMPOSITION; FISH POPULATION; LENGTH KEY; FISHERIES; MODEL; VESSELS; BYCATCH; SEA; DISCARDS; OCEAN AB For many stratified sampling designs, the data collected are used by multiple parties with different estimation objectives. Quantitative methods to determine allocation of sampling effort to different strata to satisfy the often disparate estimation objectives are lacking. Analytical results for the sampling fractions and sample sizes for primary units within each stratum of a stratified (multistage) sampling design that are optimal with respect to a weighted sum of relative variances for the estimation objectives are presented. Further, an approach for assessing gains or losses for each estimation objective by changing allocation of sample sizes to each stratum is provided. As an illustration, the analytical results are applied to determine optimal observer sampling fractions (coverage rates) for the North Pacific Groundfish Observer Programme (NPGOP), for which the multiple objectives are assumed to be bycatch (seabird, marine mammal, and non-targeted fish species) and total catch, and catch-at-length and -age of targeted fish species. Simultaneously optimizing a criterion that defines the strata of the NPGOP sampling design is also considered. When observer coverage rates are allowed to be gear-specific for the NPGOP design, the optimized objective function is between 10% and 28% less than the value corresponding to current sampling for annual data (2000-2003) and 12% less when optimized over all years combined. C1 Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resource Management Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM tim.miller@unh.edu OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsl013 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173HY UT WOS:000246865300010 ER PT J AU Shertzer, KW Prager, MH AF Shertzer, Kyle W. Prager, Michael H. TI Delay in fishery management: diminished yield, longer rebuilding, and increased probability of stock collapse SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE catchability; depensation; fishery management; precautionary approach; reference points; REPAST; stock assessment ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; RECOVERY; SUSTAINABILITY; DEPENSATION AB When a stock is depleted, catch reductions are in order, but typically they are implemented only after considerable delay. Delay occurs because fishery management is political, and stricter management, which involves short-term economic loss, is unpopular. Informed of stock decline, managers often hesitate, perhaps pondering the uncertainty of scientific advice, perhaps hoping that a good year class will render action moot. However, management delay itself can have significant costs, when it exacerbates stock decline. To examine the biological consequences of delay, we simulated a spectrum of fisheries under various degrees of delay in management. Increased delay required larger catch reductions, for more years, to recover benchmark stock status (here, spawning-stock biomass at maximum sustainable yield). Management delay caused stock collapse most often under two conditions: (1) when the stock- recruitment relationship was depensatory, or (2) when catchability, unknown to the assessment, was density-dependent and fishing took juveniles. In contrast, prompt management resulted in quicker recoveries and higher cumulative yields from simulated fisheries. Benefits to stock biomass and fishery yield can be high from implementing management promptly. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Shertzer, KW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsl005 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173HY UT WOS:000246865300015 ER PT J AU Burgos, JM Horne, JK AF Burgos, Julian M. Horne, John K. TI Sensitivity analysis and parameter selection for detecting aggregations in acoustic data SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aggregations; echo-trace classification; sensitivity analysis; walleye pollock ID MEDITERRANEAN SEA; FISH SCHOOLS; MULTIBEAM SONAR; IDENTIFICATION; MIGRATION; CLASSIFICATION; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM AB A global sensitivity analysis was conducted on the algorithm implemented in the Echoview (R) software to detect and describe aggregations in acoustic backscatter. Multiple aggregation detections were performed using walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) data from the eastern Bering Sea. Walleye pollock form distinct aggregations and dense and diffuse layers. In each aggregation detection, input parameters defining minimum size, density, and distance to other aggregations were selected at random using a Latin hypercube sampling design. Sensitivity was quantified by testing for correlation among input parameters and a series of aggregation descriptors. In all, 336 correlation tests were performed, corresponding to a combination of seven detection input parameters, eight aggregation descriptors, and six transects. Among these, 181 tests were significant, indicating sensitivity between input parameters and aggregation descriptors. The aggregation-detect ion algorithm is sensitive to changes in threshold and minimum size, but less sensitive to changes in the connectivity criterion among aggregations. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98355 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Burgos, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Box 35520, Seattle, WA 98355 USA. EM jmburgos@u.washington.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsl007 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 173HY UT WOS:000246865300016 ER PT J AU Mayer, LA Raymond, R Glang, G Richardson, MD Traykovski, P Trembanis, AC AF Mayer, Larry A. Raymond, Richard Glang, Gerd Richardson, Michael D. Traykovski, Peter Trembanis, Arthur C. TI High-resolution mapping of mines and ripples at the Martha's vineyard coastal observatory SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE high-resolution seafloor mapping; hummocky bedforms; mine burial and detection; multibeam sonar; rippled scour depressions; sorted bedforms ID SCOUR DEPRESSIONS AB High-resolution multibeam sonar and state-of-the-art data processing and visualization techniques have been used to quantify the evolution of seafloor morphology and the degree of burial of instrumented mines and mine-shapes as part of the U.S. Office of Naval Research (ONR, Arlington, VA) mine burial experiment at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). Four surveys were conducted over two Years at the experiment site with a 455-kHz, Reson 8125 dynamically focused multibeam sonar. The region is characterized by shore-perpendicular alternating zones of coarse-grained sand with 5-25-cm-high, wave orbital-scale ripples, and zones of finer grained sands with smaller (2-5-cm-high) anorbital ripples and, on occasion, medium scale 10-20-cm-high, chaotic or hummocky bedforms. The boundaries between the zones appear to respond over periods of days to months to the predominant wave direction and energy. Smoothing and small shifts of the boundaries to the northeast take place during fair-weather wave conditions while erosion (scalloping of the boundary) and shifts to the north-north,,vest occur during storm conditions. The multibeam sonar was also able to resolve changes in the orientation and height of fields of ripples that were directly related to the differences in the prevailing wave direction and energy. The alignment of the small scale bedforms with the prevailing wave conditions appears to occur rapidly (on the order of hours or days) when the wave conditions exceed the threshold of sediment motion (most of the time for the fine sands) and particularly during moderate storm conditions. During storm events, erosional "windows" to the coarse layer below appear in the fine-grained sands. These "window" features are oriented parallel to the prevailing wave direction and reveal orbital-scale ripples that are oriented perpendicular to the prevailing wave direction. The resolution of the multibeam sonar combined with 3-D visualization techniques provided realistic looking images of both instrumented and noninstrumented mines and mine-like objects (including bomb, Manta, and Rockan shapes) that were dimensionally correct and enabled unambiguous identification of the mine type. In two of the surveys (October and December 2004), the mines in the fine-grained sands scoured into local pits but were still perfectly visible and identifiable with the multibeam sonar. In the April 2004 survey, the mines were not visible and apparently were completely buried. In the coarse-grained sand zone, the mines were extremely difficult to detect after initial scour burial as the mines bury until they present the same hydrodynamic roughness as the orbital-scale bedforms and thus blend into the ambient ripple field. Given the relatively large, 3-D, spatial coverage of the multibeam sonar along with its ability to measure the depth of the seafloor and the depth and dimensions of the mine, it is possible to measure directly, the burial by depth and burial by surface area of the mines. The 3-D nature of the multibeam sonar data also allows the direct determination of the volume of material removed from a scour pit. C1 Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NOAA, Corps Off Coast Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Mayer, LA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM lmayer@ccom.unh.edu; lmayer@ccom.unh.edu; gerd.glang@noaa.gov; richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; ptraykovski@whoi.edu; art@udel.edu NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890953 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200013 ER PT J AU Traykovski, P Richardson, MD Mayer, LA Irish, JD AF Traykovski, Peter Richardson, Michael D. Mayer, Larry A. Irish, James D. TI Mine burial experiments at the Martha's vineyard coastal observatory SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE acoustic imaging; mine burial; scour; sediments ID INSTRUMENTED MINES; BOTTOM; WAVE; ROUGHNESS; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; RIPPLES; SCOUR AB Several experiments to measure postimpact burial of sealloor mines by scour and fill have been conducted near the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). The sedimentary environment at MVCO consists of a series of rippled scour depressions (RSDs), which are large scale bedforms with alternating areas of coarse and fine sand. This allows simultaneous mine burial experiments in both coarse and fine sand under almost identical hydrodynamic forcing conditions. Two preliminary sets of mine scour burial experiments were conducted during winters 2001-2002 in fine sand and 2002-2003 in coarse sand with a single optically instrumented mine in the field of view of a rotary sidescan sonar. From October 2003 to April of 2004, ten instrumented mines were deployed along with several sonar systems to image mine behavior and to characterize bedform and oceanographic processes. In fine sand, the sonar imagery of the mines revealed that large scour pits form around the mines during energetic wave events. Mines fell into their own scour pits, aligned with the dominant wave crests and became level with the ambient sealloor after several energetic wave events. In quiescent periods, after the energetic wave events, the scour pits episodically infilled with mud. After several scour and infilling events, the scour pits were completely filled and a layer of fine sand covered both the mines and the scour pits, leaving no visible evidence of the mines. In the coarse sand, mines were observed to bury until the exposed height above the ripple crests was approximately the same as the large wave orbital ripple height (wavelengths of 50-125 cm and heights of 10-20 cm). A hypothesis for the physical mechanism responsible for this partial burial in the presence of large bedforms is that the mines bury until they present roughly the same hydrodynamic roughness as the orbital-scale bedforms present in coarse sand. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Geosci Div, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Traykovski, P (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Appl Ocean Phys & Engn Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ptraykovski@whoi.edu; mike.richardson@nrlssc.navy.mil; lmayer@ccom.unh.edu; ptraykovski@whoi.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 150 EP 166 DI 10.1109/JOE.2007.890956 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 194AB UT WOS:000248315200014 ER PT J AU Ma, LS Bi, ZY Bartels, A Kim, K Robertsson, L Zucco, M Windeler, RS Wilpers, G Oates, C Hollberg, L Diddams, SA AF Ma, Long-Sheng Bi, Zhiyi Bartels, Albrecht Kim, Kyoungsik Robertsson, Lennart Zucco, Massimo Windeler, Robert S. Wilpers, Guido Oates, Chris Hollberg, Leo Diddams, Scott A. TI Frequency uncertainty for optically referenced femtosecond laser frequency combs SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE femtosecond laser; frequency comb; optical frequency; metrology ID BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; MODE-LOCKED LASER; REPETITION RATE; SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATOR; STABILITY; GENERATION; STANDARDS; LINE; NM AB We present measurements and analysis of the currently known relative frequency uncertainty of femtosecond laser frequency combs (FLFCs) based on Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. Broadband frequency combs generated directly from the laser oscillator, as well as octave-spanning combs generated with nonlinear optical fiber are compared. The relative frequency uncertainty introduced by an optically referenced FLFC is measured for both its optical and microwave outputs. We find that the relative frequency uncertainty of the optical and microwave outputs of the FLFC can be as low as 8 x 10(-20) and 1.7 x 10(-18), with a confidence level of 95%, respectively. Photo-detection of the optical pulse train introduces a small amount of excess noise, which degrades the stability and subsequent relative frequency uncertainty limit of the microwave output to 2.6 x 10(-17). C1 Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. E China Normal Univ, Key Lab Opt & Magnet Resonance Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Ma, LS (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM lsma@ecnu.edu.cn; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1109/JQE.2006.886836 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 133KD UT WOS:000244010900019 ER PT J AU Borriello, G Stanford, V Narayanaswami, C Menning, W AF Borriello, Gaetano Stanford, Vince Narayanaswami, Chandra Menning, Walter TI Pervasive computing in healthcare SO IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Borriello, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM gaetano@cs.washington.edu; vincent.stanford@nist.gov; chandras@us.ibm.com; menning@mayo.edu NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1268 J9 IEEE PERVAS COMPUT JI IEEE Pervasive Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 6 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 DI 10.1109/MPRV.2007.11 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 135JR UT WOS:000244150400005 ER PT S AU Ungar, S Campbell, P Rast, M AF Ungar, Stephen Campbell, Petya Rast, Michael GP IEEE TI Data quality guidelines for GEOSS consideration - The CEOS Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE calibration; validation; GEOSS; CEOS; WGCV AB The harmonization of operational data products and the creation of higher level information products such as global maps and time series (from different sensor sources) are required to satisfy the operational service requirements of the societal benefit areas as outlined in the GEOSS implementation plan. The CEOS Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) concentrates on defining standards and procedures aimed at allowing for the inter-comparison and ultimate utilization of data from all Earth observing platforms, both current and future. WGCV strives to establish common approaches to validation, calibration and data exchange formats to ensure effective cooperative use of all CEOS member space assets in addressing important global scale problems. This paper reviews the WGCV data assurance strategy, detailed system element requirements to guarantee data quality, and current WGCV activities for the generation and validation of products. C1 [Ungar, Stephen; Campbell, Petya] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Rast, Michael] NOAA, NESDIS, GEO Secretariat, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ungar, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 306 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422791 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657300077 ER PT S AU Smith, DF Weber, BL Gasiewski, AJ AF Smith, Dean F. Weber, Bob L. Gasiewski, Albin J. GP IEEE TI An anisotropic ocean surface emissivity model based on a two-scale code tuned to WindSat polarimetric brightness observations SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE ocean; emission; microwave; model; polarimetric; WindSat ID SEA AB A full-Stokes vector model for the microwave emissivity of an anisotropic wind driven ocean surface based on measured satellite data and using a two-scale model for surface emission is being developed for the purpose of assimilation of satellite microwave radiances. The model is based on the Ohio State University two-scale code and tuned to WindSat full-Stokes emissivity data as analyzed by Meissner and Wentz. Several physical inconsistencies were corrected in the model. The tuned model results over a range of wind speeds from 0-20 m/sec show good agreement in the 0(th), 1(st), and 2(nd) azimuthal brightness temperature harmonics. A bias model for the tuned code was developed to account for residual discrepancies. C1 [Smith, Dean F.; Weber, Bob L.; Gasiewski, Albin J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Technol, NOAA CU, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smith, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Environm Technol, NOAA CU, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dean.smith@colorado.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 941 EP 943 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422953 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301018 ER PT S AU El-Nimri, SF Johnson, JW Jones, WL Uhlhorn, EW AF El-Nimri, Salem F. Johnson, James W. Jones, W. Linwood Uhlhorn, Eric W. GP IEEE TI Development of an ocean surface emissivity model for wide swath imaging of wind speed to hurricane force SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID MICROWAVE EMISSIVITY; FOAM AB The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer, HIRad, is a new instrument for making wind and rain observations in hurricanes. It is being developed by NASA to give NOAA improved capability in forecasting hurricane intensity and track HIRad is being designed to measure ocean surface wind speed up to greater than 70 m/sec. over a swath out to +/- 60 deg. Current surface emissivity models are not adequate for both high winds and a large swath so a HIRad model is being developed. NOAA, Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer brightness temperature measurements are being used in this development. This paper presents a review of the HIRad wind speed model development and the preliminary results for both V-pol and H-pol. C1 [El-Nimri, Salem F.; Johnson, James W.; Jones, W. Linwood] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP El-Nimri, SF (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM sfnkingdom@mail.ucf.edu FU NASSA Marshall Space Flight Center; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic; Meteorological Laboratory; Hurricane Research Division FX This research was supported by the NASSA Marshall Space Flight Center, in collaboration with NOAAs Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. The support and collaboration of Ms. Robbie Hood at Marshall, Dr. Peter Black at HRD, and Ms. Ruba Amarin at CFRSL is appreciated. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422957 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301022 ER PT S AU Pedelty, J Devadiga, S Masuoka, E Brown, M Pinzon, J Tucker, C Roy, D Ju, JC Vermote, E Prince, S Nagol, J Justice, C Schaaf, C Liu, JC Privette, J Pinheiro, A AF Pedelty, Jeffrey Devadiga, Sadashiva Masuoka, Edward Brown, Molly Pinzon, Jorge Tucker, Compton Roy, David Ju, Junchang Vermote, Eric Prince, Stephen Nagol, Jyotheshwar Justice, Christopher Schaaf, Crystal Liu, Jicheng Privette, Jeffrey Pinheiro, Ana GP IEEE TI Generating a Long-term Land Data Record from the AVHRR and MODIS instruments SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE component; remote sensing; AVHRR; MODIS; climate studies ID CALIBRATION AB The goal of NASA's Land Long Term Data Record (LTDR) project is to produce a consistent long term data set from the AVHRR and MODIS instruments for land climate studies. The project will create daily surface reflectance and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) products at a resolution of 0.05 degrees, which is identical to the Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) used for MODIS products from EOS Terra and Aqua. Higher order products such as burned area, land surface temperature, albedo, bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) correction, leaf area index (LAI), and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (fPAR), will be created. The LTDR project will reprocess Global Area Coverage (GAC) data from AVHRR sensors onboard NOAA satellites by applying the preprocessing improvements identified in the AVHRR Pathfinder II project and atmospheric and BRDF corrections used in MODIS processing. The preprocessing improvements include radiometric in-flight vicarious calibration for the visible and near infrared channels and inverse navigation to relate an Earth location to each sensor instantaneous field of view (IFOV). Atmospheric corrections for Rayleigh scattering, ozone, and water vapor are undertaken, with aerosol correction being implemented. The LTDR also produces a surface reflectance product for channel 3 (3.75 mu m). Quality assessment (QA) is an integral part of the LTDR production system, which is monitoring temporal trends in the AVHRR products using time-series approaches developed for MODIS land product quality assessment. The land surface reflectance products have been evaluated at AERONET sites. The AVHRR data record from LTDR is also being compared to products from the PAL (Pathfinder AVHRR Land) and GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) systems to assess the relative merits of this reprocessing vis-h-vis these existing data products. The LTDR products and associated information can be found at http://itdr.nascom.nasa.gov/ltdr/ ltdr.html. C1 [Pedelty, Jeffrey; Devadiga, Sadashiva; Masuoka, Edward; Brown, Molly; Pinzon, Jorge; Tucker, Compton] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Roy, David; Ju, Junchang] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellen, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Vermote, Eric; Prince, Stephen; Nagol, Jyotheshwar; Justice, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey; Pinheiro, Ana] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Schaaf, Crystal; Liu, Jicheng] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Pedelty, J (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrospher & Biospher Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. RI Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009; Nagol, Jyoteshwar/P-2026-2015; Brown, Molly/E-2724-2010 OI Nagol, Jyoteshwar/0000-0003-0497-7874; Brown, Molly/0000-0001-7384-3314 NR 19 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 24 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1021 EP 1024 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422974 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301039 ER PT S AU Zhao, TXP Laszlo, I Heidinger, A Cao, C Tarplay, D Sullivan, J Guo, W Jelenak, A AF Zhao, Tom X. -P. Laszlo, Istvan Heidinger, Andrew Cao, Changyong Tarplay, Dan Sullivan, Jerry Guo, Wei Jelenak, Aleksandar GP IEEE TI Analysis of historical AVHRR PATMOS aerosol data in support of the long-term trend study SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE aerosol optical thickness (AOT); long-term trend; calibration; tendency ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SATELLITE; CALIBRATION; CHANNELS; PERIOD AB The long-term trend of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the global oceans has been studied by using a nearly 25-year aerosol record from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder Atmosphere (PATMOS) climate data. Both global and regional analyses have been performed to derive the AOT tendencies for monthly, seasonal, and annual mean AOT values at AVHRR 0.63 mu m channel (or Channel-1). A linear decadal change of -0.01 is obtained for globally and monthly averaged aerosol optical thicknesses of AVHRR Channel-L Sensitivity analyses have also been performed to study the effects of radiance calibration and aerosol retrieval algorithm on the global aerosol long-term tendencies. C1 [Zhao, Tom X. -P.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan; Heidinger, Andrew; Cao, Changyong; Tarplay, Dan; Sullivan, Jerry] NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, CourtCollegePk, MD 20740 USA. [Guo, Wei; Jelenak, Aleksandar] I M Syst Grp INC, Kensington, MD USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Jelenak, Aleksandar/F-5595-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [RSP-0022-0005]; NOAA GOES-R project through the program of NESDIS/STAR Cooperative Institute FX We would like to acknowledge Dr. Mischenko at the NASA/GISS for allowing us accessing the GACP data for the comparison. The leading author is funded by the NASA Radiation Program through grant RSP-0022-0005 and the NOAA GOES-R project through the program of NESDIS/STAR Cooperative Institute. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1071 EP 1074 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4422986 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301051 ER PT S AU Rott, H Cline, D Nagler, T Pulliainen, J Rebhan, H Yueh, S AF Rott, Helmut Cline, Don Nagler, Thomas Pulliainen, Jouni Rebhan, Helge Yueh, Simon GP IEEE TI CoRe-H2O - A dual frequency SAR mission for hydrology and climate research SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE SAR; Ku-hand; X-hand; snow; ice AB Taking into account the needs for improved, spatially detailed observations of snow and ice in climate research, hydrology, and glaciology, the satellite mission COld REgions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory, CoRe-H2O, Was proposed to ESA. As payload a co- and cross-polarized Ku-band (17.2 GHz) and X-band (9.6 GHz) SAR was selected, because of its sensitivity to dry snow, thin sea ice, and the metamorphic state of snow, firn and ice on glaciers and ice caps. A cost-effective ScanSAR scheme with parabolic reflectors (each with multiple beams) is proposed fulfilling the requirements for swath width, spatial resolution and radiometry. The mission has been selected by ESA for further scientific and technical studies in the frame of the Earth Explorer Satellite Programme. C1 [Rott, Helmut] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Cline, Don] NOAA, NOHRSC, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Nagler, Thomas] ENVEO IT GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Pulliainen, Jouni] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Rebhan, Helge] ESTEC, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Yueh, Simon] JPL CalTech, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rott, H (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM Helmut.Rott@uibk.ac.at; Don.Cline@noaa.gov; Thomas.Nagler@enveo.at; Helge.Rebhan@esa.int; Simon.Yueh@jpl.nasa.gov FU ESA/ESTEC [14545/00/ NL/MM]; Astrium Ltd./Astrium GmbH FX The members of the CoRe-H2O Science Team provided valuable input for the mission proposal regarding scientific mission requirements and concepts. The technical concept for the mission was developed within ESA/ESTEC Contract No.14545/00/ NL/MM with Astrium Ltd./Astrium GmbH. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1204 EP 1206 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423021 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301086 ER PT S AU Yueh, S Cline, D Elder, K AF Yueh, Simon Cline, Donald Elder, Kelly GP IEEE TI Airborne Ku-band radar remote sensing of terrestrial snow cover SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE microwave remote sensing; snow water; radar ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE RESPONSE; 35 GHZ; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS AB Preliminary analyses of the POLSCAT data acquired from the CLPX-II in winter 2006-2007 are described in this paper. The data showed the response of the Ku-band radar echoes to snowpack changes for various types of background vegetation. We observed about 0.4 dB increase in backscatter for every 1 cm SWE accumulation for sage brush and agricultural fields. The data also showed the impact of surface hoar growth and freeze/thaw cycles, which created large snow grain sizes and ice lenses, respectively, and consequently increased the radar signals by a few dBs. C1 [Yueh, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cline, Donald] NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrolog Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MA USA. [Elder, Kelly] Rocky Mountain Res Stat Forest Service, USDA Fort Collins, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Yueh, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Simon.Yueh@jpl.nasa.gov; Donald.Cline@noaa.gov; kelder@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1211 EP 1214 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423023 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301088 ER PT S AU Zavorotny, VU Voronovich, AG AF Zavorotny, V. U. Voronovich, A. G. GP IEEE TI Comparison of geometric optics and diffraction effects in radar scattering from steep and breaking waves SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID SEA SPIKES; BACKSCATTER AB To address the issue of radar scattering from steep and breaking ocean waves, we developed an efficient and fast 2-D numerical full-wave approach to model both wave evolution and radar scattering from these waves. It enabled us to reproduce the main features of the temporal and polarization behavior of the radar signal such as sea spikes. In addition, to better understand the contribution of multiple scattering that might emerge from radar scattering on steep and breaking waves, we have modeled scattering using a ray-tracing approach that not only provides the ray picture but also supplies both the ray amplitude and the ray phase. This approach eliminates diffraction effects from consideration, leaving only geometric optics effects that include multiple reflections. As a result, angular dependencies of the scattering cross section based on the ray approach were calculated and compared with corresponding values from the full-wave approach. Generally, better agreement between these two approaches is obtained for forward scattering directions than for backscattering directions. Ray simulation for a backscattering direction does not reproduce the HH/VV ratio with the spikes observed in the full-wave solution. This indicates that diffraction effects are critical for explaining important features of backscattering from breaking waves. The role of multiple reflections from the breaking wave profile in creating spikes, with an anomalous HH/VV ratio proved to be negligible. C1 [Zavorotny, V. U.; Voronovich, A. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zavorotny, VU (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1350 EP 1353 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423056 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301121 ER PT S AU Stankov, BB Cline, D Tedesco, M AF Stankov, B. Boba Cline, Donald Tedesco, Marco GP IEEE TI Empirical SWE retrieval using airborne microwave and in situ snow measurements SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE cryosphere; remote sensing ID WATER EQUIVALENT AB We examine the response of microwave brightness temperatures to snow water equivalent over a wide range of snowpack conditions observed during the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) in 2002 and 2003. Spatially intensive measurements of snow were collected over the CLPX study areas within the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) was operated to obtain coincident high-resolution (150-500 m) multiband microwave imagery of the snowpack. Together, a robust data set of over 2300 collocated in situ and remotely sensed observations were obtained for this analysis. For each point we modeled brightness temperatures using observed snow properties and the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) snow emission model. Using observed and modeled data, we developed multiple regression algorithms to retrieve snow water equivalent (SWE). The algorithms use brightness temperature differences between 10.7, 18.7, and 21.5 GHz with 37 GHz and 89 GHz. Results show that the CLPX microwave data are consistent with a) historically established data and, b) after removal of cases with macro vegetation or possible wet snow, with theoretically derived curves for microwave dependence on SWE. C1 [Stankov, B. Boba] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cline, Donald] NOAA NOHRSC, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Tedesco, Marco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Stankov, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM B.Boba.Stankov@noaa.gov; Donald.Cline@noaa.gov; mtedesco@umbc.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423079 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657301144 ER PT S AU Edwards, MA Winslow, M Blake, R AF Edwards, Michael A. Winslow, Margaret Blake, Reginald GP IEEE TI Assessing pine barrens soil moisture regimes using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The evaluation of soil moisture parameters within various soil regimes is somewhat difficult and challenging. Spatial and temporal invariability often complicates this process. The following study presents a format in which the spatial and temporal variations that govern upper surface (0-5cm) soil moisture regimes within ecologically sensitive regions such as "Pine Barrens" can be studied. Based on in situ measurements, coupled with satellite derived analysis, radar backscatter, surface roughness, incidence angles, relative beam modes, and nominal area coverage, comparable soil moisture data between simulated and measured values within the upper surface (0-5cm) soil moisture regime can be analyzed. C1 [Edwards, Michael A.] NOAA, Off Educ, EPP MSI, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Winslow, Margaret] CUNY, City Coll New York, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Blake, Reginald] CUNY, New York Coll Techol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Edwards, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Off Educ, EPP MSI, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Michael.Edwards@noaa.gov; winslow@sci.ccny.cuny.edu; RBlake@citytech.cuny.edu FU NOAA Educational Partnership Program, Graduate Sciences Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX This study was funded by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program, Graduate Sciences Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1828 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423177 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302020 ER PT S AU Arakelyan, AK Arakelyan, AA Darbinyan, SA Grigoryan, ML Hakobyan, IK Hambaryan, AK Karyan, VV Manukyan, MR Hovhannisyan, GG Poghosyan, NG Clifford, SF AF Arakelyan, A. K. Arakelyan, A. A. Darbinyan, S. A. Grigoryan, M. L. Hakobyan, I. K. Hambaryan, A. K. Karyan, V. V. Manukyan, M. R. Hovhannisyan, G. G. Poghosyan, N. G. Clifford, S. F. GP IEEE TI Ku-band, polarimetric, combined, short pulse scatterometer-radiometer system for stationary fixed platform, vessel and airborne applications SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE radar; scatterometer; radiometer AB In this paper a Ku-band (similar to 15GHz), dual polarization, combined scatterometer-radiometer system is described. The system allows carry out polarimetric (vv, vh, hh, hv), simultaneous and coincident microwave active-passive measurements of the observed surface (soil, vegetation, snow and water surface) parameters. The originality of the developed system is in the spatial-temporal combination of microwave active and passive channels of observation and its possible application for short distance sensing (the minimum operational range for the scatterometer is similar to 6m) from low altitude platforms under far field conditions for both radar and radiometric observations. C1 [Arakelyan, A. K.; Arakelyan, A. A.; Darbinyan, S. A.; Grigoryan, M. L.; Hakobyan, I. K.; Hambaryan, A. K.; Karyan, V. V.; Manukyan, M. R.; Hovhannisyan, G. G.; Poghosyan, N. G.] ECOSERV Remote Observat Ctr Co Ltd, Yerevan, Armenia. [Clifford, S. F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Arakelyan, AK (reprint author), ECOSERV Remote Observat Ctr Co Ltd, Yerevan, Armenia. EM arakelyanak@yahoo.com; ecoservroc@yahoo.com; Steven.F.Clifford@noaa.gov FU US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF NSMP) [ARG2-579-YE-04]; Cortana Corporation; CRDF FX The described scatterometer-radiometer system was developed, manufactured and assembled in Armenia by ECOSERV Remote Observation Centre Co. Ltd., under the framework of the Project ARG2-579-YE-04 of the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF NSMP) in collaboration with Cortana Corporation. Authors express their gratitude to CRDF and Cortana Corporation for their financial support of the planned works fulfillment. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 1832 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423178 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302021 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Wu, AS Xiong, XX Wu, XQ AF Cao, Changyong Wu, Aisheng Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wu, Xiangqian GP IEEE TI Intercalibrating MetOP/AVHRR and AQUA/MODIS with improved SNO accuracy SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE AVHRR/MetOP; NOAA-16; MODIS/AQuA; calibration; accuracy; Simultaneous Nadir Overpass ID AQUA MODIS; CHANNELS; TERRA AB Although the Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) method has been used in several previous studies, the uncertainty of this method has not been well quantified for the solar reflective bands. In this study, the accuracy of the SNO method is evaluated first based on a four year time series of SNO data between AVHRR/NOAA16 and MODIS/AQUA. It was found that the nominal accuracy for the 0.63 um band is better than 0.9%, which can unambiguously identify the large offset (similar to 9%) between AVHRR/NOAA16 and MODIS/AQUA. This discrepancy is thought to be caused by the calibration traceability and standard used for AVHRR. For the 0.84um band, the uncertainty varies with a variety of factors, including atmosphere, water vapor, and landcover types. Therefore, although a 10-20% difference is found between AVHRR/NOAA16 and MODIS/AQUA, the uncertainty in this analysis is estimated to be greater than +/-5%. Based on these baseline uncertainty assessments, a preliminary analysis of the calibration differences between AVHRR/MetOP and MODIS/AQUA is also performed, and small biases are found when the AVHRR prelaunch calibration coefficients are used. The use of global Full Resolution Area Coverage (FRAC) AVHRR data reduced the uncertainty in the analysis but a longer time series is needed in order to evaluate the ability of the SNO method for quantifying the relative degradation rate, since this rate appears to be relatively small for the 0.63 um channel for newer instruments than that the previous AVHRR series. It is expected that the accuracy of the SNO method can be further improved with the FRAC data which can contribute to the generation of fundamental climate data records. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Sci Exploration Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, Aisheng] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Cao, C (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack)/J-9869-2012; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2260 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423290 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302133 ER PT S AU Eloranta, EW Uttal, T Shupe, M AF Eloranta, Edwin W. Uttal, Taneil Shupe, Matthew GP IEEE TI Cloud particle size measurements in Arctic clouds using lidar and radar data SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE Arctic clouds; particle size; lidar; radar ID MASS AB The ratio of the lidar and radar scattering cross section is sensitive to cloud particle size. High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) provides robustly calibrated scattering cross sections without the uncertainties introduced when conventional lidar data are corrected for attenuation. This paper explores the use of HSRL data and 35 GHz radar data for measuring particle size, particle phase, number density and the water content of arctic clouds. C1 [Eloranta, Edwin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Uttal, Taneil; Shupe, Matthew] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Eloranta, EW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eloranta@lidar.ssec.wisc.edu; taneil.uttal@noaa.gov; matthew.shupe@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2265 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423292 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302135 ER PT S AU Mejia, Y Ghedira, H Mahani, S Khanbilvardi, R AF Mejia, Yajaira Ghedira, Hosni Mahani, Shayesteh Khanbilvardi, Reza GP IEEE TI A neural netwotk based approach for multi-spectral snowfall detection and estimation SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The principal intent of this research is to: (a) investigate the potential of passive microwave data from AMSU in detecting snowfall events and in measuring their intensity, and (b) evaluate the effect of both land cover and atmospheric conditions on the retrieval accuracy. Additional information such as cloud cover and air temperature were added to the process to reduce misidentified snowfall pixels. Two products retrieved from AMSU brightness temperatures were used to estimate surface temperature and to map the snow cover extent. In this project, a neural-network-based model has been developed and has shown a great potential in detecting and estimating the intensity of snowfall events. This algorithm has been applied for different snow storms occurred between 2002 and 2003 in three different locations in the North-East of United States. These locations were selected because of the high amount of snowfall every year. Only pixels with cloud cover and failing within a specific range of temperature are presented to the snowfall detection model. Surface temperature collected from ground station-based observations archived by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) were used for this test. Different heavy storm events and non-snowfall observations that occurred at the same time as AMSU acquisition were selected. Hourly snow accumulation data collected by the NCDC were used as truth data to train and validate the model. To reduce the risk of erroneous identification of snowfall pixels, only storms lasting more than three hours were selected. Such criteria will undoubtedly increase the level of confidence that snowfall coincides with AMSU acquisition time. The neural network based snowfall product was compared with the snowfall detection algorithm over land developed in 2003 by Kongoli et al [1]. The preliminary results indicate that the neural-network-based model provides a significant improvement in snowfall detection accuracy over existing satellite-based methods. C1 [Mejia, Yajaira; Ghedira, Hosni; Mahani, Shayesteh; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Mejia, Y (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2276 EP 2279 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423295 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302138 ER PT S AU Parrish, CE AF Parrish, Christopher E. GP IEEE TI Exploiting full-waveform lidar data and multiresolution wavelet analysis for vertical object detection and recognition SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE lidar; waveform; wavelet; 3D; object detection; airport obstruction surveys AB A current challenge in performing airport obstruction surveys using airborne lidar is lack of reliable, automated methods for extracting and attributing vertical objects from the lidar data. This paper presents a new approach to solving this problem, taking advantage of the additional data provided by full-waveform systems. The procedure entails first deconvolving and georeferencing the lidar waveform data to create dense, detailed point clouds in which the vertical structure of objects, such as trees, towers, and buildings, is well characterized. The point clouds are then voxelized to produce high-resolution volumes of lidar intensity values, and a 3D wavelet decomposition is computed. Vertical object detection and recognition is performed in the wavelet domain using a multiresolution template matching approach. The method was tested using lidar waveform data and ground truth collected for project areas in Madison, Wisconsin. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of the approach. C1 NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Parrish, CE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Rogers, King/G-5482-2010 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2499 EP 2502 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423351 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302194 ER PT S AU Soisuvarn, S Jelenak, Z Chang, PS AF Soisuvarn, Seubson Jelenak, Zorana Chang, Paul S. GP IEEE TI A geophysical model function for WindSat polarimetric radiometer wind retrievals using linear polarizations SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE passive microwave radiometer; ocean surface wind vector; geophysical model function. AB In this paper, we develop a novel geophysical model function (GMF) for the WindSat radiometer relating the vertically (V-pol) and horizontally (H-pol) polarized brightness temperature (TB) to the ocean surface wind field. The brightness temperature data from the 10, 18 and 37 GHz channels were used in this analysis. The brightness temperature combination of the form (AV-H) is found to be mostly independent of the atmospheric variations, where A is a constant number for each frequency. The GMF was developed empirically using the collocated wind vectors from the QuikSCAT scatterometer retrieval as truth and the WindSat's (AV-H) T-B's. We examined the characteristic of the GMF and explored the opportunity to improve our current WindSat wind direction retrieval that utilizes only 3(rd) and 4(th) Stokes measurements, by integrating this GMF. The strength of the wind directional signals is encouraging for moderate wind speed at 8 m/s and higher. C1 [Soisuvarn, Seubson; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul S.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Soisuvarn, S (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM seubson.soisuvam@noaa.gov RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Chang, Paul/F-5580-2010; Soisuvarn, Seubson/R-8130-2016 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Chang, Paul/0000-0001-5113-0938; Soisuvarn, Seubson/0000-0002-1373-8974 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2523 EP 2526 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423357 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657302200 ER PT S AU Chaw, S Wu, YH Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Chaw, Shuki Wu, Yonghua Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred Ahmed, Sam GP IEEE TI Intercomparison of calibration techniques for the 1064nm channel on a Nd : YAG elastic lidar SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The need for accurate calibration is apparent for accurate retrievals of backscatter at 1064nm. Due to the low molecular scattering in comparison to the aerosol component, it is not possible to use a rayleigh calibration procedure which is suitable for the 355 and 532nm channels and aan alternative approach is needed. In particular,a modified cirrus cloud calibration method is considered which uses the fact that the ciurrus cloud scatter is spectrally independent together with an approach to properly estimate the backscatter at cloud base. We find that the calibration accuracy can be takenm within 15% which is reasonable agreement with the uncertainry in the backscatter color ratio between 532nm and 1064nm. C1 [Chaw, Shuki; Wu, Yonghua; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred; Ahmed, Sam] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, NOAA Crest Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Chaw, S (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, NOAA Crest Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 2791 EP 2794 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423422 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303033 ER PT S AU Ramirez, ND Cruz-Pol, S Ortiz, X Castro, JM Kuliwoski, R AF Ramirez, Nazario D. Cruz-Pol, Sandra Ortiz, Xiomara Castro, Joan M. Kuliwoski, Robert GP IEEE TI An algorithm to improve the NEXRAD rain rate estimates SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE rain gauge; rain rate; and reflectivity ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY AB A Doppler WSR-88D radar (NEXRAD) is currently operating in Cayey (East of PR, at 886 m). Reflectivity and rain rate (Z-R) relationships were developed using a dense network of rain gauges to validate radar estimates. These equations intent to correct the radar estimates for seasonal effects. Equations were derived for wet and dry seasons over Puerto Rico. To minimize the errors due to beam block and clutter, equations were derived with 20 rain gauges located 15 km or less from the radar location. C1 [Ramirez, Nazario D.; Cruz-Pol, Sandra; Ortiz, Xiomara; Castro, Joan M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. [Kuliwoski, Robert] STAR, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ramirez, ND (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. FU Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Engineering Research Center [NSF AN0313747]; NASA Tropical Center for Earth Studies [TCESS-NCC5-518]; NOAA/NWS [NA06NWS4680011] FX This work is partially funded by the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Engineering Research Center (NSF AN0313747), by the NASA Tropical Center for Earth Studies (TCESS-NCC5-518) and by NOAA/NWS grant NA06NWS4680011. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 3060 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423491 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303102 ER PT S AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. GP IEEE TI LIDAR detection of plankton in the ocean SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE LIDAR; plankton; zooplankton; oceanography ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; AIRBORNE LIDAR; FISH SCHOOLS; ZOOPLANKTON AB For a variety of oceanographic applications, airborne LIDAR is very attractive, because of its ability to cover large areas in a short amount of time and at low cost compared with traditional research vessel surveys. One application we have investigated is the detection of plankton in the ocean. We have found that zooplankton layers can be detected, structure within those layers can be tracked, and relative estimates of abundance can be made. This paper describes the NOAA LIDAR and some of the results related to detection of zooplankton in the upper ocean. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.H.Churnside@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 3174 EP 3177 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423519 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303130 ER PT S AU Irisov, V Plant, WJ AF Irisov, V. Plant, W. J. GP IEEE TI Simultaneous X-band radar and K-a-band radiometer observations of the ocean SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE microwave radiometry; sea surface electromagnetic scattering ID WAVES AB Simultaneous microwave radar and radiometer observations of the ocean were conducted from aircraft during the ShoWEx'99 experiment. Both radar and radiometer wind dependences show similar signal growth with wind speed increase (except for the radiometer at vertical polarization and a near-Brewster angle). Analysis of the low-wind data shows that wind speed is a poor characteristic of the sea surface state in calm conditions because the wind field itself is quite non-uniform in space and time. Under such conditions both radar and radiometer data show strong scatter versus mean wind speed, but they are still well correlated with each other. We conclude that both active and passive instruments respond to the local variations of the sea surface roughness, which are not related to the mean wind speed at low winds. Our comparison shows that the best correlation is between the radar looking at 40-60 degrees and the near-nadir looking radiometer, which agrees with the theory of scattering / emission from a rough surface. C1 [Irisov, V.] Zel Technol LLC, NOAA Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Plant, W. J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Irisov, V (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, NOAA Phys Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM Vladimir.Irisov@noaa.gov; plant@apl.washington.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 3498 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2007.4423600 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657303211 ER PT B AU Rank, R AF Rank, Robert GP IEEE TI Enterprise IT support for NOAA archives SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE NOAA archives; OAIS-RM CLASS open systems AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for archiving and disseminating environmental data collected by a variety of ground and space-based observing systems. Integrating data management across NOAA represents a significant change in NOAA business practices that will require evolution of the management structures and approaches used in NOAA for data management. Historically, archive and dissemination activities have been implemented in dedicated "stovepipe" systems, each focusing on the needs of a particular data collection and its associated user community. Exponential data volume growth, increasing data diversity, user requirements for common and consistent access methods across data types, and the need for economic efficiency are driving a consolidation of the information technology (IT) systems that support NOAA archives. The Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS) is a result of this consolidation; CLASS is the enterprise IT solution in support of NOAA archives. Against this backdrop, the meaning of "archive" is itself changing as the challenges of long-term digital preservation are better understood. It is no longer sufficient to simply preserve "bits." Instead, information content is the target of preservation, with "bits" simply providing a medium for representing information. The ISO standard "Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System" (OAIS-RM) provides a conceptual framework that describes the responsibilities and activities of organizations attempting to preserve digital information. Applying the OAIS-RM to NOAA's archive efforts provides the means to identify high-level archive responsibilities, delegate roles to various NOAA organizational components, and describe the means by which these entities work together to fulfill archive requirements. At the highest level, NOAA archives maintain and apply information- and user-specific knowledge while CLASS provides IT capabilities in support of archive activities. Together, the archives and CLASS provide the necessary ingredients to fulfill NOAA's archive mission. Currently, CLASS holds POES, DMSP, GOES, and MetOp data. Planned future campaigns include NPP, NPOESS, EOS MODIS, NEXRAD, and model and in-situ data. To ensure the preservation of these data, CLASS has implemented a multiple site distributed system that replicates data and metadata holdings automatically. Additionally, CLASS supports the deployment of "points of presence" that allow the co-location of key CLASS capabilities with high-volume or otherwise critical data producers or consumers to mitigate economic constraints or meet quality-of-service requirements. Among the key challenges facing CLASS are: massive increases in data volumes, the extraordinary diversity of NOAA data, evolving user needs and requirements, and the ever-changing technology environment. CLASS must address all of these challenges-and more-at the same time it ensures the safeguarding and availability of its current holdings. CLASS is evolving toward a service-oriented architecture that provides the flexibility, scalability, and generality necessary to accommodate the vast amount of change in its environment and at the same time provide interoperability with other systems and systems of systems necessary to support NOAA's position in the environmental data arena. Adoption of standards is critical to NOAA's success, and CLASS is working with NOAA's Global Earth Observation Integrated Data Environment (GEO-IDE) project to identify standards that will ensure CLASS's interoperability with other NOAA systems. The lack of broad, uniform utilization of IT standards that adequately meet NOAA's data integration needs is arguably the most acute factor contributing to the weakness of data integration today. GEO-IDE will ultimately ensure that key NOAA systems, including CLASS, are interoperable within NOAA, with US-Global Earth Observation System (US-GEO), and ultimately with US-Global Earth Observation System (GEOSS). In addition to its work with GEO-IDE, CLASS is also developing pilots for geospatial capabilities, and dissemination standards to facilitate interoperability and meet user needs. This paper will present the guiding principles and lessons learned while developing CLASS to date. We will discuss our challenges, accomplishments, and future work, as well as how CLASS aligns with NOAA's strategic goals. C1 CLASS NOAA NESDIS OSD, Suitland, MD USA. RP Rank, R (reprint author), CLASS NOAA NESDIS OSD, Suitland, MD USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 4025 EP 4028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657305124 ER PT S AU Ghedira, H Khanbilvardi, R Romanov, P AF Ghedira, Hosni Khanbilvardi, Reza Romanov, Peter GP IEEE TI Development of an advanced technique for mapping and monitoring sea and lake ice for the future GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Information on ice cover extent, distribution, concentration, ice surface temperature and other physical parameters of the ice pack is needed in numerical weather prediction, ship navigation, water management, and regional/global climate change impact assessment. Ice cover is also a sensitive indicator of climate variations. Ability of satellites to provide global observations at high temporal frequency has made them the primary tool for the ice cover monitoring. The main objective of this research is to explore the potentials of mapping ice cover with the future GOES-R ABI and to develop an automated ice-mapping algorithm, which would make maximum use of ABI's improved observing capabilities. Data collected by SEVIRI instrument onboard of Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite have been used as a prototype. The Northern region of the Caspian Sea has been selected for algorithm development and calibration. The approach used in the algorithm development includes daily cloud-clear image compositing as well as pixel-by-pixel image classification using spectral criteria. All available spectral channels (reflectance and temperature) have been tested and used in a statistical-based approach to accurately discriminate between water, cloudy pixels and ice. The preliminary results have been assessed using the interactive maps of snow and ice cover produced within NOAA Interactive Multi-sensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). The preliminary results are promising. An additional screening Is undergoing in order to reduce some remaining confusions related to water properties and presence of fractional ice. C1 [Ghedira, Hosni; Khanbilvardi, Reza] NOAA, CREST, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Romanov, Peter] NOAA, CICS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ghedira, H (reprint author), NOAA, CREST, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY USA. EM ghedira@ccny.cuny.edu; Khanbilvard@ccny.cuny.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162] FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA06OAR4810162. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 4241 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657305179 ER PT B AU Hernandez, EH Oo, MM Charles, L Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Hernandez, Eduardo H. Oo, Min Min Charles, Leona Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred Ahmed, Sam GP IEEE TI Improvement of MODIS retrieval of aerosols over urban areas using a regionally tuned ground albedo model SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE aerosols; MODIS algorithm; urban pixels AB The Collection 5 MODIS aerosol algorithm was designed to be more robust in handling surface reflection by differentiating different surfaces. When compared to the old collection 4 algorithm, we found that although there was some improvement, the MODIS retrievals were still biased high. This result was traced to the fact that the correlation coefficient in collect 5 was still too low compared to results from Hyperion. To address this issue, a regional surface albedo model is obtained based on matchups of CIMEL sunphotometer and MODIS retrievals. Given the optical depth measurments and utilizing the urban aerosol phase function (tuned by AOD), we obtained a set of reflectance measurments which were than regressed against the scattering angle. Using this surface model, we recalculated the AOD using MODIS over a different set of measurments and saw a significant reduction in bias. C1 [Hernandez, Eduardo H.; Oo, Min Min; Charles, Leona; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred; Ahmed, Sam] CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, NOAA Crest Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Hernandez, EH (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Opt Remote Sensing Lab, NOAA Crest Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 4307 EP 4310 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657305196 ER PT S AU Min, M McDonald, K Yang, WL Di, LP Enloe, Y Holloway, D AF Min, Min McDonald, Kenneth Yang, Wenli Di, Liping Enloe, Yonsook Holloway, Dan GP IEEE TI Extending OGC data services for CEOP science community SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE data services; OG; CEOP; geospatial data AB The geospatial data and service capabilities provided by data servers compliant with the Web service specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) are very important to the members of the science community of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) who are familiar with the Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP). This paper discusses the implementation of middleware to translate the OPeNDAP and OGC protocols to make OGC-compliant data services available to the CEOP community. At the front end this middleware acts as an OPeNDAP server while at the back end it acts as an OGC WCS client. The middleware is being developed through a phased approach. In the first phase, the OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) connector was developed. The second phase that we are working on is to develop the OGC Catalog Service for Web (CSW) connector which augments OPeNDAP with the catalog search capability. The optional third phase will develop the OGC Web Feature Service (WFS) connector. C1 [Min, Min; Yang, Wenli; Di, Liping] George Mason Univ, CSISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McDonald, Kenneth] NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Enloe, Yonsook] SGT Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Holloway, Dan] OPeNDAP Inc, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Min, Min] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Di, LP (reprint author), George Mason Univ, CSISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ldi@gmu.edu FU NASA ACCESS program FX This work is supported by NASA ACCESS program. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 5005 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304149 ER PT S AU Wilmhoff, B Lalezari, F Zavorotny, V Walsh, E AF Wilmhoff, B. Lalezari, F. Zavorotny, V. Walsh, E. GP IEEE TI GPS ocean altimetry from aircraft using the P(Y) code signal SO IGARSS: 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-12: SENSING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID WIND-SPEED; SURFACE; SYSTEM; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL AB A bistatic Global Positioning System (GPS) altimeter has been tested onboard a NOAA WP-3D research aircraft. The first altimetric data were obtained with this equipment above the sea surface to study the accuracy of such measurements using the P(Y)-encrypted GPS signal. The flight was conducted in the northeast Gulf of Mexico in September 2006 at about 1500 m altitude over a 150-by-150 km area under quiescent sea-state conditions. The ocean waves were a low, short swell of about 20 cm significant wave height (SWH) and 20 m dominant wavelength, providing minimal effect of sea surface roughness. The data obtained over approximately a three-hour period consist of direct and reflected waveforms and the time delays between them. Smoothing of the raw waveforms was used to better identify the leading edge and the maximum of the reflected signal. Comparison of GPS-derived altitudes and altitudes obtained by the aircraft altimeter showed that the former followed most of the aircraft's altitude variations. The rms of the difference in height between the smoothed aircraft altimeter data and the GPS height determination based on a 0.4-s - averaged sea-surface - reflected waveform was on the order of I m. Additional averaging over 1 min reduced the rms to about 20 cm. C1 [Wilmhoff, B.; Lalezari, F.] FIRST RF Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Zavorotny, V.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Walsh, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wilmhoff, B (reprint author), FIRST RF Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-1211-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2007 BP 5093 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BHV03 UT WOS:000256657304171 ER PT J AU Min, HSJ Beyeler, W Brown, T Son, YJ Jones, AT AF Min, Hyeung-Sik J. Beyeler, Walter Brown, Theresa Son, Young Jun Jones, Albert T. TI Toward modeling and simulation of critical national infrastructure interdependencies SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE system dynamics; IDEF; critical infrastructure; disruption evaluation AB Modern society's physical health depends vitally upon a number of real, interdependent, critical infrastructure networks that deliver power, petroleum, natural gas, water, and communications. Its economic health depends on a number of other infrastructure networks, some virtual and some real, that link residences, industries, commercial sectors, and transportation sectors. The continued prosperity and national security of the US depends on our ability to understand the vulnerabilities of and analyze the performance of both the individual infrastructures and the entire interconnected system of infrastructures. Only then can we respond to potential disruptions in a timely and effective manner. Collaborative efforts among Sandia, other government agencies, private industry, and academia have resulted in realistic models for many of the individual component infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an innovative modeling and analysis framework to study the entire system of physical and economic infrastructures. That framework uses the existing individual models together with system dynamics, functional models, and nonlinear optimization algorithms. We describe this framework and demonstrate its potential use to analyze, and propose a response for, a hypothetical disruption. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Son, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM son@arizona.edu NR 14 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1080/07408170600940005 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 102EO UT WOS:000241794000006 ER PT J AU Miller, NL Bashford, KE Strem, E AF Miller, Norman L. Bashford, Kathy E. Strem, Eric BE Smith, JB Mendelsohn, R TI Changes in runoff SO IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON REGIONAL SYSTEMS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CALIFORNIA SE New Horizons in Environmental Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE; BASIN C1 [Miller, Norman L.; Bashford, Kathy E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Calif Water Resources Res & Applicat Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strem, Eric] NOAA, Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Calif Water Resources Res & Applicat Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84542-747-4 J9 NEW HORIZ ENVIRON EC PY 2007 BP 122 EP 146 PG 25 WC Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BRX46 UT WOS:000283849500009 ER PT B AU Mcphaden, MJ AF Mcphaden, Michael J. BE Vasseur, DA McCann, KS TI El nino and la nina: physical mechanisms and climate impacts SO Impact of Environmental Variability on Ecological Systems SE Peter Yodzis Fundamental Ecology Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on the Impact of Environmental Variability on Ecological Systems CY MAY 06-07, 2005 CL Univ Guelph, Guelph, CANADA HO Univ Guelph DE El nino-southern oscillation; climate impacts; weather; ecosystem ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ENSO; ANOMALIES; AMERICA; TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION AB This paper summarizes the physical mechanisms responsible for year-to-year variations associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of warm (EI Nino) and cold (La Nina) events originating in the tropical Pacific. The global climatic impacts of ENSO are also reviewed. The paper concludes with a discussion of outstanding research issues related to the dynamics of ENSO, its interactions with other modes of natural climate variability, and its possible modification by global warming. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mcphaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-5850-9 J9 PETER YODZIS FUND EC PY 2007 VL 2 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGL96 UT WOS:000248254100001 ER PT S AU Lyons, KW AF Lyons, Kevin W. BE Szu, HH Agee, J TI Future directions for nanometrology and nanomanufacturing - art. no. 65760L SO Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Nano-Biomimetic Sensors, and Neural Networks V CY APR 10-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE nanometrology; nanomanufacturing; nanomaterials; production-hardened metrology; nanostructured materials; nanodesign AB Nanomanufacturing and nanometrology are key enablers for fulfilling the promise of nanotechnology. Nanomanufacturing (NM) capitalizes on the special material properties and processing capabilities at the nanoscale, and promotes integration of nanostructures to functional micro devices and meso/macroscale architectures and systems, as well as the interfacing issues across dimensional scales. Nanometrology provides the means to measure and characterize process and product performance and covers an expanse of topics including instrumentation, measurement approaches for off-line and in-process production applications, and standards. To meet the needs of this emerging manufacturing community it is important that research on scale-up of nanotechnology for high rate production, reliability, robustness, yield, efficiency and cost issues for manufacturing products and services be pursued. To achieve this, new research directions must include a systems approach that encompasses nanoscale materials and structures, fabrication and integration processes, production equipment and characterization of instrumentation, theory/ modeling/ simulation and control tools, biomimetic design and integration of multi-scale functional systems, three dimensional nanoscale metrology, production-hardened metrology, and other areas driven by industrial applications. Impact is expected in energy systems, electronics, medical/health, transportation, pharmaceutical, chemicals and defense sectors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyons, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6698-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6576 BP L5760 EP L5760 AR 65760L DI 10.1117/12.725206 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGJ61 UT WOS:000247644400019 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Yoon, HW Johnson, BC Lykke, KR AF Fraser, Gerald T. Brown, Steven W. Yoon, Howard W. Johnson, B. Carol Lykke, Keith R. BE StrojnikScholl, M TI Absolute flux calibrations of stars - art. no. 66780P SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XV CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; stars; lasers; telescopes ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; ALPHA-LYRAE; VEGA; PHOTOMETRY; SUPERNOVAE AB Absolute stellar photometry is based on 1970s terrestrial measurements of the star Vega calibrated by using the Planck radiance from a Cu fixed-point blackbody. Significant advances in absolute radiometry have been made in the last 30 years that offer the potential to improve both terrestrial and space-based absolute stellar photometry. These advances include new high-temperature blackbody standards, absolute cryogenic radiometry, solid-state optical radiation sources, improved atmospheric transmittance modeling, and laser-based radiometric calibration. We describe the possible use of these new technologies for ground-based calibration of standard stars and their impact on stellar photometry, including present efforts to achieve highly accurate measurements from the ultraviolet to the near infrared for cosmological applications. C1 [Fraser, Gerald T.; Brown, Steven W.; Yoon, Howard W.; Johnson, B. Carol; Lykke, Keith R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6826-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6678 BP P6780 EP P6780 DI 10.1117/12.734600 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHI84 UT WOS:000253451100017 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW AF Eppeldauer, George P. Yoon, Howard W. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Short-wave infrared radiometers design and characterizations - art. no. 65420O SO Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXXIII CY APR 09-13, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE detectivity; extended-InGaAs; infrared; infrared detectors; noise equivalent power; short-wave infrared; shunt resistance; spectral responsivity; thermoelectric cooling AB Short-wave infrared (SW-1R) radiometers have been developed to extend the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference responsivity scales from the silicon wavelength range to 2500 nm. In addition to spectral power responsivity measurements, where 5 nun diameter extended-InGaAs (EIGA) detectors are underfilled by the incident radiation, irradiance responsivity calibrations are needed. Irradiance measuring radiometers are used as reference detectors to calibrate field radiometers in both irradiance and radiance measurement modes. In irradiance mode, smaller detectors with high shunt resistance, such as I mm diameter short-wave HgCdTe and EIGA detectors are used. Mechanical, optical, thermal, and electronic design considerations of SW-IR radiometers are discussed. Noise equivalent currents (NEC) were measured to evaluate noise equivalent power (NEP) and D*. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6664-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6542 BP O5420 EP O5420 AR 65420O DI 10.1117/12.720548 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGR07 UT WOS:000249892700023 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Lyons, K AF Postek, Michael T. Lyons, Kevin BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Instrumentation, metrology, and standards: Key elements for the future of nano manufacturing - art. no. 664802 SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanomanufacturing; measurement; metrology; standards; instrumentation; nanometrology AB Nanomanufacturing is the essential bridge between the discoveries of nanoscience and real world nanotech products and. is the vehicle by which the Nation and the World will realize the promise of major technological innovation across a. spectrum of products that will affect virtually every industrial sector. For nanotech products to achieve the broad impacts envisioned, they must be manufactured in market-appropriate quantities in a reliable, repeatable, economical and commercially viable manner. In addition, they must be manufactured so that environmental and human health concerns are met, worker safety issues are appropriately assessed and handled, and liability issues are addressed. Critical to this realization of robust nanomanufacturing is the development of the necessary instrumentation, metrology, and standards. Integration of the instruments, their interoperability, and appropriate information management are also critical elements that must be considered for viable nanomanufacturing. Advanced instrumentation, metrology and standards will allow the physical dimensions, properties, functionality, and purity of the materials, processes, tools, systems, products, and. emissions that will constitute nanomanufacturing to be measured and characterized. This will in turn enable production. to be scaleable, controllable, predictable, and repeatable to meet market needs. If a nano-product cannot be measured it cannot be manufactured; additionally if that product cannot be made safely it should not be manufactured. This presentation introduces the Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing Conference at the 2007 SPIE Optics and Photonics. This conference will become the leading forum for the exchange of foundational information and discussion of instrumentation, metrology and standards which are key elements for the success of nanomanufacturing. Keywords: nanomanufacturing, measurement, metrology, standards, instrumentation, metrology and standards which are key elements for the success of nanomanufacturing. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6796-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6648 BP 64802 EP 64802 AR 664802 DI 10.1117/12.730855 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGW47 UT WOS:000250953500001 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Kramar, J AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Kramar, John BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI The helium ion microscope: A new tool for nanomanufacturing - art. no. 664806 SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE helium ion; microscopy; scanning electron microscope; SEM; nanomanufacturing; nanometrology; HIM AB Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) is a new, potentially disruptive technology for nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing. This methodology presents a potentially revolutionary approach to imaging and measurements which has several potential advantages over the traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM) currently in use in research and manufacturing facilities across the world. Due to the very high source brightness, and the shorter wavelength of the helium ions, it is theoretically possible to focus the ion beam]Into a smaller probe size relative to that of an electron beam of an SEM. Hence higher resolution is theoretically possible. In an SEM, an electron beam interacts with the sample and an array of signals are generated, collected and imaged. This interaction zone may be quite large depending upon the accelerating voltage and materials involved. Conversely, the helium ion beam interacts with the sample, but it does not have as large an excitation volume and thus the image collected is more surface sensitive and can potentially provide sharp images on a wide range of materials. The current suite of HIM detectors can provide topographic, material, crystallographic, and electrical properties of the sample. Compared to an SEM, the secondary electron yield is quite high - allowing for imaging at extremely low beam currents and the relatively low mass of the helium ion, in contrast to other ion sources such as gallium results in no discernable damage to the sample. This presentation will report on some of the preliminary work being done on the HIM as a research and measurement tool for nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing at NIST. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6796-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6648 BP 64806 EP 64806 AR 664806 DI 10.1117/12.742312 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGW47 UT WOS:000250953500004 ER PT S AU Geiss, RH Read, DT AF Geiss, R. H. Read, D. T. BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Microstructure of 100 nm damascene copper overburden and lines - art. no. 664808 SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE copper; damascene; grain size; preferred orientation; texture; twinning ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; TEXTURE; FILMS AB A detailed understanding of the crystallography of metallic conductors in modem interconnect systems is essential if we are to understand the influence of processing parameters on performance and reliability. In particular we must be able to evaluate the grain size, crystallographic orientation and residual elastic stress for interconnect lines having widths of tens of nm. Transmission electron microscopy might be the obvious choice, but sample preparation and small sample size make this technique unattractive. On the other hand, electron backscatter diffraction, EBSD, in a scanning electron microscope provides a very attractive tool. Sample preparation can be relatively simple, especially if one investigates the structures immediately after CMP; whole wafers may be measured if desired. One limitation to EBSD is that good diffraction patterns are obtained only from free surfaces and from a limited depth, say a few hundred nm in copper. Here EBSD will be used to compare structures for the pads and 100-nm lines in two variants of a commercial copper damascene interconnect structure. EBSD data collection will be discussed as optimized for characterizing differences in the texture, which were attributed to differences in the processing. By a unique approach to EBSD mapping we found that neither the texture nor the grain size of the overburden, as represented by the contact pads, propagated into the 100 nm lines, though they did propagate into some wider lines. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6796-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6648 BP 64808 EP 64808 AR 664808 DI 10.1117/12.735021 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGW47 UT WOS:000250953500006 ER PT S AU Lyons, KW AF Lyons, Kevin W. BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Integration, interoperability, and information management: What are the key issues for nanomanufacturing? - art. no. 66480D SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanomanufacturing; integration; interoperability; information management; standards; nanometrology; information technologies; IT AB Nanomanufacturing can be defined as all manufacturing activities that collectively support an approach to design, produce, control, modify, manipulate, and assemble nanometer scale objects and features for the purpose of fabricating a product or system that exploits properties seen at the nanoscale. This includes information technologies and systems that support each aspect of this collective approach. This paper focuses on research topics centered on information technology for nanomanufacturing and nanometrology applications that are broadly grouped into three categories: integration, interoperability, and information management. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyons, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6796-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6648 BP D6480 EP D6480 AR 66480D DI 10.1117/12.735615 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGW47 UT WOS:000250953500008 ER PT S AU Pong, PWT Schmoueli, M Marcus, E Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Schmoueli, Moshe Marcus, Eliezer Egelhoff, William F., Jr. BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI A novel low-cost high-throughput probe card scanner analyzer for characterization of magnetic SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE probe card analyzer; magnetic tunnel junctions; tunneling magnetoresistance; alignment ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE AB yThe advancement of the technology of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) greatly hinges on the optimization of the magnetic materials, fabrication process, and annealing conditions which involve characterization of a large number of samples. As such, it is of paramount importance to have a rapid-turnaround characterization method since the characterization process can take even longer time than the fabrication. Conventionally, micropositioners and probe tips are manually operated to perform 4-point electrical measurement on each individual device which is a time-consuming, low-throughput process. A commercial automatic probe card analyzer can provide high turnaround; however, it is expensive and involves much cost and labor to install and maintain the equipment. In view of this, we have developed a novel low-cost, home-made, high-throughput probe card analyzer system for characterization of MTJs. It can perform fast 4-probe electrical measurements including current vs voltage, magnetoresistance, and bias dependence measurements with a high turnaround of about 500 devices per hour. The design and construction of the system is discussed in detail in this paper. C1 NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ppong@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6796-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6648 AR 66480P DI 10.1117/12.731143 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGW47 UT WOS:000250953500016 ER PT J AU Albus, J Bostelman, R Hong, T Chang, T Shackleford, W Shneier, M AF Albus, James Bostelman, Roger Hong, Tsai Chang, Tommy Shackleford, Will Shneier, Michael TI Integrating learning into a hierarchical vehicle control system SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Intelligent Systems Division (ISD) is a participant in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) LAGR (Learning Applied to Ground Robots) Program. The NIST team's objective for the LAGR Program is to embed learning algorithms into the modules that make up the 4D/RCS (Four Dimensional/Real-Time Control System), the standard reference model architecture that ISD has applied to many intelligent systems. This enables the vehicle to learn to navigate in complex, off-road terrain. The vehicle learns in several ways. These include learning by example, learning by experience, and learning how to optimize traversal. Learning takes place in the sensory processing, world modeling, and behavior generation parts of the control system. This paper describes the 4D/RCS structure, its application to the LAGR program, and the learning and mobility control methods used by the NIST team's vehicle. Results are shown from the series of tests conducted by an independent evaluation team, and the performance of one of the learning algorithms is evaluated. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.albus@nist.gov; roger.bostelman@nist.gov; tsai.hong@nist.gov; tommy.chang@nist.gov; will.shackleford@nist.gov; michael.shneier@nist.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 121 EP 139 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 161VF UT WOS:000246043800002 ER PT J AU Taylor, JE Cahn, JW AF Taylor, Jean E. Cahn, John W. TI Shape accommodation of a rotating embedded crystal via a new variational formulation SO INTERFACES AND FREE BOUNDARIES LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SURFACE MOTION; MODELS; FLOWS AB We use an expanded variational approach based on dissipation to study the motion of the boundary of a non-circular cylindrical, and thus essentially 2-dimensional, crystalline grain of arbitrary cross-section enclosed in another grain of the same material under conditions where the normal grain boundary motion is coupled to relative tangential motion of the grains along the grain boundary. Coupling leads to relative rotation of the crystal axes of the two grains and requires shape accommodation; we assume that the necessary mass transport for shape accommodation is by diffusion confined to the grain boundary. We include the recently discovered fact that different modes of coupling with different coupling factors are crystallographically possible and do occur in molecular dynamic simulations. Several results are deduced from the equations we derive. When there is a mirror plane symmetry to the crystal's initial shape, this symmetry plane remains and rotates at half the rate of rotation of the enclosed crystal's crystal axes relative to the surrounding crystal's axes. Sliding along the grain boundary is essential for shape change: when there is no sliding, we show that, although the inner crystal rotates and shrinks, its shape remains the same. If the cross-section of the enclosed crystal is large with a large aspect ratio and diffusion is relatively slow, then the rotation rate is initially diffusion controlled and very slow compared to nearly circular cylindrical crystals of the same cross-sectional area. In this case, and when sliding is relatively easy, the resulting normal motion is essentially mobility-controlled motion by weighted mean curvature; when sliding is intermediate in difficulty between mobility and diffusion, we have instead sliding-controlled motion by weighted mean curvature. As crystals become rounder and smaller in cross-section, all the kinetic factors become involved. C1 [Taylor, Jean E.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Cahn, John W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, JE (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. EM jtaylor@cims.nyu.edu; cahnj@u.washington.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA C/O DR THOMAS HINTERMANN, EMS PUBLISHING HOUSE, E T H-ZENTRUM FLI C4, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1463-9963 J9 INTERFACE FREE BOUND JI Interface Free Bound. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 4 BP 493 EP 512 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 259YY UT WOS:000252978000003 ER PT J AU Vorburger, TV Rhee, HG Renegar, TB Song, JF Zheng, A AF Vorburger, T. V. Rhee, H.-G. Renegar, T. B. Song, J.-F. Zheng, A. TI Comparison of optical and stylus methods for measurement of surface texture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface; metrology; stylus; interferometric; microscopy; confocal; white light; optical ID WHITE-LIGHT INTERFEROMETRY; VERTICAL-SCANNING INTERFEROMETRY; FORCE MICROSCOPE; PROFILER AB Optical methods are increasingly used for measurement of surface texture, particularly for areal measurements where the optical methods are generally faster. A new Working Group under Technical Committee (TC) 213 in the International Organization for Standardization is addressing standardization issues for areal surface texture measurement and characterization and has formed a project team to address issues posed by the optical methods. In this paper, we review the different methods of measuring surface texture and describe a classification scheme for them. We highlight optical methods and describe some of their characteristics as well as compare surface-profiling results obtained from three optical methods with those obtained from stylus profiler instruments. For moderately rough surfaces (Ra approximate to 500 nm), roughness measurements obtained with white light interferometric (WLI) microscopy, confocal microscopy, and the stylus method seem to provide close agreement on the same roughness samples. For surface roughness measurements in the 50 to 300 nm range of Ra, discrepancies between WLI and the stylus method are observed. In some cases the discrepancy is as large as about 75% of the value obtained with the stylus method. By contrast, the results for phase shifting interferometry over its expected range of application are in moderately good agreement with those of the stylus method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tvtv@nist.gov NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00170-007-0953-8 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 179CC UT WOS:000247265900015 ER PT J AU Trichter, S Zaider, M Nori, D Sabbas, A Kulidzhanov, F Lewis, D Soares, CG AF Trichter, S. Zaider, M. Nori, D. Sabbas, A. Kulidzhanov, F. Lewis, D. Soares, C. G. TI Clinical dosimetry of Ru-106 eye plaques in accordance with the forthcoming ISO beta dosimetry standard using specially designed GAFCHROMIC (R) film SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Soc Therapeut & Oncol C1 [Trichter, S.; Nori, D.; Sabbas, A.; Kulidzhanov, F.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Zaider, M.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Lewis, D.] Int Specialty Prod, Wayne, NJ USA. [Soares, C. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SU S BP S665 EP S666 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2019 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 217LU UT WOS:000249950201518 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, M. A. TI Effect of refrigerant oil additive on R134a and R123 boiling heat transfer performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE refrigerant; R134a; R123; boiling; two-phase mixture; polyolester; additive; heat transfer ID EXCESS SURFACE-DENSITY; LUBRICANT CONCENTRATION; POOL AB This paper investigates the effect that an additive had on the boiling performance of an R134a/polyolester lubricant (POE) mixture and an R 123/naphthenic mineral oil mixture on a roughened, horizontal flat surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density data are given for the R134a/POE (98% mass fraction/2% mass fraction) mixture before and after use of the additive. A spectrofluorometer was used to measure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of the R134a/POE lubricant mixture before and after use of the additive. The measurements obtained from the spectrofluorometer suggest that the additive increases the total mass of lubricant on the boiling surface. The heat transfer data show that the additive caused an average and a maximum enhancement of the R134a/POE heat flux between 5 kW m(-2) and 22 kW m(-2) of approximately 73% and 95%, respectively. Conversely, for nearly the same heat flux range, the additive caused essentially no change in the pool boiling heat flux of an R123/mineral oil mixture. The lubricant excess surface density and interfacial surface tension measurements of this study were used to form the basis of a hypothesis for predicting when additives will enhance or degrade reftigerant/lubricant pool boiling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Bldg 226,Rm B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.kedzierski@nist.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD JAN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.07.005 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 123HQ UT WOS:000243287400017 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Cinzano, P Pettit, DR Arvesen, J Sutton, P Small, C Nemani, R Longcore, T Rich, C Safran, J Weeks, J Ebener, S AF Elvidge, C. D. Cinzano, P. Pettit, D. R. Arvesen, J. Sutton, P. Small, C. Nemani, R. Longcore, T. Rich, C. Safran, J. Weeks, J. Ebener, S. TI The Nightsat mission concept SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NIGHTTIME SATELLITE IMAGERY; OPERATIONAL LINESCAN SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; SKY BRIGHTNESS; POPULATION-DENSITY; HUMAN-SETTLEMENTS; BREAST-CANCER; FISHING FLEET; CITY LIGHTS; EMISSIONS AB Nightsat is a concept for a satellite system capable of global observation of the location, extent and brightness of night-time lights at a spatial resolution suitable for the delineation of primary features within human settlements. Based on requirements from several fields of scientific inquiry, Nightsat should be capable of producing a complete cloud-free global map of lights on an annual basis. We have used a combination of high-resolution field spectra of outdoor lighting, moderate resolution colour photography of cities at night from the International Space Station, and high-resolution airborne camera imagery acquired at night to define a range of spatial, spectral, and detection limit options for a future Nightsat mission. The primary findings of our study are that Nightsat should collect data from a near-synchronous orbit in the early evening with 50 to 100m spatial resolution and have detection limits of 2.5E(-28) Watts cm(-2) sr(-1) mu m(-1) or better. Although panchromatic low-light imaging data would be useful, multispectral low-light imaging data would provide valuable information on the type or character of lighting; potentially stronger predictors of variables, such as ambient population density and economic activity; and valuable information to predict response of other species to artificial night lighting. The Nightsat mission concept is unique in its focus on observing a human activity, in contrast to traditional Earth observing systems that focus on natural systems. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observ Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. ISTIL, I-36016 Thiene, Italy. NASA, Johnson Spaceflight Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Cirrus Digital Syst, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Geog Populat & Environm Management, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Urban Wildlands Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. San Diego State Univ, Int Populat Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. World Hlth Org, CH-1271 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observ Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Chris.Elvidge@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013; Longcore, Travis/A-4978-2008 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; Longcore, Travis/0000-0002-1039-2613 NR 56 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2645 EP 2670 DI 10.1080/01431160600981525 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 173WP UT WOS:000246903500001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Jelenak, A AF Sullivan, J. Jelenak, A. TI Correcting geo-location interpolation errors in NESDIS-produced AVHRR 1b data near the poles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Researchers using AVHRR level 1b data produced by NESDIS Operations interpolate most geo-located pixels. Each scanline has count values for either 409 GAC or 2048 LAC pixels, but geo-locations at only 51 anchor pixels. Quadratic interpolation separately in longitude and latitude is commonly used to estimate the missing geo-locations. This is accurate, except for latitudes poleward of 86 degrees N or 86 degrees S. Interpolation errors can be 15 km near the poles, compared with 0.3 km at 40 degrees N. Rapidly converging lines of longitude near the poles cause the problem. The Gnomonic map projection is an accurate representation of the Earth near a pole. The strategy -(1) convert the anchor pixel coordinates from (long, lat) to Gnomonic, (2) interpolate in the Gnomonic coordinates, and (3) convert the interpolated locations back to (long, lat) coordinates - reduces interpolation errors to 0.5 km, even near the poles. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Sullivan, J (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, 5200 Auth Rd,WWB,Room 712, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jerry.t.sullivan@noaa.gov RI Jelenak, Aleksandar/F-5595-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 16 BP 3721 EP 3728 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 199YN UT WOS:000248731200021 ER PT J AU Salazar, L Kogan, F Roytman, L AF Salazar, L. Kogan, F. Roytman, L. TI Use of remote sensing data for estimation of winter wheat yield in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; NDVI TIME-SERIES; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; NOAA-14 SPACECRAFT; AVHRR; INDEXES; VALIDATION AB This paper shows the application of remote sensing data for estimating winter wheat yield in Kansas. An algorithm uses the Vegetation Health (VH) Indices ( Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI)) computed for each week over a period of 23 years (1982-2004) from Advance Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The weekly indices were correlated with the end of the season winter wheat (WW) yield. A strong correlation was found between winter wheat yield and VCI ( characterizing moisture conditions) during the critical period of winter wheat development and productivity that occurs during April to May ( weeks 16 to 23). Following the results of correlation analysis, the principal components regression (PCR) method was used to construct a model to predict yield as a function of the VCI computed for this period. The simulated results were compared with official agricultural statistics showing that the errors of the estimates of winter wheat yield are less than 8%. Remote sensing, therefore, is a valuable tool for estimating crop yields well in advance of harvest, and at a low cost. C1 CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20276 USA. RP Salazar, L (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM lsalazar@gc.cuny.edu RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 17 BP 3795 EP 3811 DI 10.1080/01431160601050395 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 213IX UT WOS:000249661200004 ER PT J AU Nosonovsky, M AF Nosonovsky, Michael TI Modelling size, load and velocity effect on friction at micro/nanoscale SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE friction mechanisms; nanotribology ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SINGLE-ASPERITY CONTACTS; STATIC FRICTION; SMOOTH SURFACES; SCALE; DEPENDENCE; NANOSCALE; LAWS; COEFFICIENT; MECHANISMS AB A model for size-, load-, and velocity-dependence of friction at micro/nanoscale is proposed. The friction force is equal to the real area of contact, depending upon the normal load, apparent size of contact (due to the surface self-affinity), and the sliding velocity (state-and-rate friction law), multiplied by the interfacial shear strength, depending upon the average size of individual asperity contacts a, while a, in turn, depends on the real area of contact (due to surface topography). The model accounts for effects of size, load and sliding velocity on friction and considers them in combination. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Res Council, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nosonovsky, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Res Council, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Michael.Nosonovsky@nist.gov RI Nosonovsky, Michael/B-2228-2012 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1749-785X J9 INT J SURF SCI ENG JI Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng. PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 22 EP 37 DI 10.1504/IJSURFSE.2007.013619 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA V06EZ UT WOS:000207178200003 ER PT J AU Mell, W Jenkins, MA Gould, J Cheney, P AF Mell, William Jenkins, Mary Ann Gould, Jim Cheney, Phil TI A physics-based approach to modelling grassland fires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; fire spread; numerical simulation; wildland fire ID MULTIPHASE FORMULATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FOREST-FIRES; SCALE FIRE; FUEL BEDS; PROPAGATION; WIND; SPREAD; WILDFIRE; BEHAVIOR AB Physics-based coupled fire - atmosphere models are based on approximations to the governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion, and the thermal degradation of solid fuel. They require significantly more computational resources than the most commonly used fire spread models, which are semi-empirical or empirical. However, there are a number of fire behaviour problems, of increasing relevance, that are outside the scope of empirical and semi-empirical models. Examples are wildland-urban interface fires, assessing how well fuel treatments work to reduce the intensity of wild land fires, and investigating the mechanisms and conditions underlying blow- up fires and fire spread through heterogeneous fuels. These problems are not amenable to repeatable full-scale field studies. Suitably validated coupled atmosphere - fire models are one way to address these problems. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional, fully transient, physics-based computer simulation approach for modelling fire spread through surface fuels. Grassland fires were simulated and compared to findings from Australian experiments. Predictions of the head fire spread rate for a range of ambient wind speeds and ignition line-fire lengths compared favourably to experiments. In addition, two specific experimental cases were simulated in order to evaluate how well the model predicts the development of the entire fire perimeter. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CSIRO, Ensis Forest Biosecur & Protect, Kingston, ACT 2604, Australia. Bunshire Cooperat Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. RP Mell, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruddy@nist.gov RI Gould, James/D-3582-2011 NR 74 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 28 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1071/WF06002 PG 22 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 138FS UT WOS:000244349100002 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Maranghides, A Mell, WE AF Manzello, Samuel L. Maranghides, Alexander Mell, William E. TI Firebrand generation from burning vegetation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE firebrand collection; size and mass distribution; tree burns AB Aseries of real-scale fire experimentswere performed to determine the size and mass distribution of firebrands generated from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. The experiments were performed in the Large Fire Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Douglas-fir trees used for the experiments ranged in total height from 2.6 to 5.2 m and the tree moisture content was varied. An array of pans filled with water was used to collect the firebrands that were generated from the burning trees. This ensured that firebrands would be quenched as soon as they made contact with the pans. The firebrands were subsequently dried and the sizes were measured using callipers and the dry mass was determined using a precision balance. For all experiments performed, the firebrands were cylindrical in shape. The average firebrand size measured from the 2.6-m Douglas-fir trees was 3 mm in diameter, 40 mm in length. The average firebrand size measured for the 5.2-m Douglas-fir trees was 4 mm in diameter with a length of 53 mm. The mass distribution of firebrands produced from two different tree sizes under similar tree moisture levels was similar. The only noticeable difference occurred in the largest mass class. Firebrands with masses up to 3.5 g to 3.7 g were observed for the larger tree height used (5.2 m). The surface area of the firebrands scaled with firebrand weight. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 14 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 458 EP 462 DI 10.1071/WF06079 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 201XP UT WOS:000248866200009 ER PT S AU Zrnic, DS AF Zrnic, Dusan S. BE Jaiswal, RS Uma, S TI Rain characteristic revealed with the polarimetric radar SO International Symposium on Rainfall Rate and Radio Wave Propagation (ISRR '07) SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Rainfall Rate and Radio Wave Propagation CY JAN 29-30, 2007 CL Salem, INDIA SP Council Sci & Ind Res, Indian Space Res Org, Tamilnadu State Council Sci & Technol DE polarimetric weather radar; rainfall measurement; attenuation correction; drop size distribution AB Polarimetric Doppler radars provide an impressive experience to remotely observe the internal motions in convective storms and infer precipitation types as well as amounts. The emphasis herein is on measurements of rain. Hence, a review of recent results on relations between drop size distribution parameters is given. A description of the preferred technology for polarimetric weather radars follows. Polarimatric variables are introduced and propagation issues affecting polarimetric measurements are discussed. It is demonstrated that the relations between the polarimetric variables and rainfall yield superior estimates. Ways to restore attenuated signals are broth forth; application of these produces, at short wavelengths, estimates of unprecedented accuracy. Ample examples illustrating advantages of rain measurements with polarimetric radar are given. Overall the accuracy of polarimetric method is two to three times better than the accuracy of the method that relies only on reflectivity. Undisputed advantage of polarimetry is its discriminatory power to separate rain echoes from artifacts thus providing measurements where it is raining. A great untapped potential for retrieving parameters of the drop size distribution is also demonstrated. C1 NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0433-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 923 BP 10 EP 28 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Physics GA BGO67 UT WOS:000249049900003 ER PT B AU Jeong, B Cho, H Kulvatunyou, B Jones, A AF Jeong, Buhwan Cho, Hyunbo Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Jones, Albert BE Chang, W Joshi, JBD TI A multi-criteria web services composition problem SO IRI 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI-2007) CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, SMC Soc AB With its prevalence in enterprise applications integration, the service-oriented approach has been. studied in various ways. The popularity, however, results in a number of different standards and implementations. The approach needs agreed-upon definitions and assumptions. To this end, the paper presents a multi-criteria service composition problem and positions to state service engineering functions associated with the problem in a formal form. The paper also introduces an information. compatibility concept to measure the degree of interoperable data exchanges between services. C1 [Jeong, Buhwan; Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn & Management, San 31 Hyoja, Pohang 290784, South Korea. [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Jones, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeong, B (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn & Management, San 31 Hyoja, Pohang 290784, South Korea. EM bjeong@postech.ac.kr; hcho@postech.ac.kr; serm@nist.gov; albert.jones@nist.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1499-4 PY 2007 BP 379 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BGU19 UT WOS:000250559700063 ER PT B AU Shah, T Scott, C Berkoff, J Kishore, A Sharma, A AF Shah, T. Scott, C. Berkoff, J. Kishore, A. Sharma, A. BE Molle, F Berkoff, J TI The Energy-Irrigation Nexus in South Asia: Groundwater Conservation and Power Sector Viability SO IRRIGATION WATER PRICING: THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE SE Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kishore, A.; Sharma, A.] Tata Water Policy Program, IWMI, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Scott, C.] Hyderabad Off, Int Water Management Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Scott, C.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Kishore, A.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Berkoff, J.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-292-3 J9 COMPR ASSESS WAT MAN PY 2007 VL 4 BP 208 EP 232 DI 10.1079/9781845932923.0208 D2 10.1079/9781845932923.0000 PG 25 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BKI55 UT WOS:000268214700009 ER PT J AU Hurley, DC Kopycinska-Muller, M Kos, AB AF Hurley, D. C. Kopycinska-Muller, M. Kos, A. B. TI Mapping mechanical properties on the nanoscale using atomic-force acoustic microscopy SO JOM LA English DT Article ID CONTACT STIFFNESS; ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; TIP SHAPE; MODULUS; FILMS; DISPLACEMENT; RESONANCE AB Tools are being developed that use the atomic-force microscope (AFM) to measure mechanical properties with nanoscale spatial resolution. Contact-resonance-spectroscopy techniques such as atomic-force acoustic microscopy involve the vibrational modes of the AFM cantilever when its tip is in contact with a material. These methods enable quantitative maps of local mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and thin-film adhesion. The information obtained furthers the understanding of patterned surfaces, thin films, and nanoscale structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hurley, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hurley@boulder.nist.gov OI Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata/0000-0001-7033-3095 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD JAN PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s11837-007-0005-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 124UP UT WOS:000243395700004 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Byrd, WE Alshed, D Chin, J Clerici, C Martin, J AF Nguyen, Tinh Byrd, W. Eric Alshed, David Chin, Joannie Clerici, Cyril Martin, Jon TI Relationship between interfacial water layer adhesion loss of silicon/glass fiber-epoxy systems: A quantitative study SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE adhesion; composite; interface; quantitative; silane coupling agent; silicon; water ID SUBSTRATE INTERFACE; REINFORCED-PLASTICS; DEGRADATION; COMPOSITES; JOINTS AB Water at the polymer/substrate interface is often the major cause of adhesion loss in coatings, adhesives, and fiber- reinforced polymer composites. This study critically assesses the relationship between the interfacial water layer and the adhesion loss in epoxy/siliceous substrate systems. Both untreated and silane-treated Si substrates and untreated and silane-treated E-glass fibers were used. Thickness of the interfacial water layer was measured on epoxy/Si systems by Fourier transform infrared-multiple total internal reflection (FTIR-TIR) spectroscopy. Adhesion loss of epoxy/Si systems and epoxy/E-glass fiber composites was measured by peel adhesion and short- beam shear tests, respectively. Little water accumulation at the epoxy/ Si substrate interface was observed for silane-treated Si substrates, but about 10 monolayers of water accumulated at the interface between the epoxy and the untreated Si substrate following 100 h of exposure at 24 degrees C. More than 70% of the initial epoxy/untreated Si system peel strength was lost within 75 h of exposure, compared with 20% loss after 600 h for the silane-treated Si samples. Shear strength loss in composites made with untreated E-glass fiber was nearly twice that of composites fabricated with silane-treated fiber after 6 months of immersion in 60 degrees C water. Further, the silane-treated composites remained transparent, but the untreated fiber composites became opaque after water exposure. Evidence from FTIR- MTIR spectroscopy, adhesion loss, and visual observation strongly indicated that a water layer at the polymer substrate interface is mostly responsible for the adhesion loss of epoxy/ untreated siliceous substrate systems and epoxy/untreated glass fiber composites and that FTIR-MTIR is a viable technique to reliably and conveniently assess the adhesion loss attributable to water sorption at the interface. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,226-B350, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2007 VL 83 IS 6 BP 587 EP 610 DI 10.1080/00218460701453601 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 190FB UT WOS:000248042300005 ER PT J AU Huang, R Stafford, CM Vogt, BD AF Huang, Rui Stafford, Christopher M. Vogt, Bryan D. TI Effect of surface properties on wrinkling of ultrathin films SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE models; aerospace engineering; compressive strength; polymers; material properties ID THIN-FILMS; ELASTIC-MODULI; POLYMER-FILMS; STRESS; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH; LAYER AB Thin films bonded to compliant substrates often develop wrinkles when subjected to an applied or inherent compressive stress. This paper presents a bilayer model to account for surface effects on the wrinkling of ultrathin solid films. Assuming a surface layer of finite thickness, effects of surface properties on the critical strain, the equilibrium wavelength, and the wrinkle amplitude are discussed in comparison with conventional analysis. We apply this model to explain experimental observations of wrinkling in thin polymer films. The measured wrinkle wavelengths and amplitudes deviate from conventional analysis for ultrathin films with thickness less than 30 nm. The bilayer model provides a consistent understanding of the observed deviations, based on which a set of material properties for the surface and the bulk of the polymer films are deduced from the experimental data. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Huang, R (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ruihuang@mail.utexas.edu RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:1(38) PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 119TT UT WOS:000243037200004 ER PT J AU Yu, LL Wood, LJ Kelly, WR Turk, GC AF Yu, Lee L. Wood, Laura J. Kelly, W. Robert Turk, Gregory C. TI Determination of Be in alumina by ICP-OES after Carius tube digestion SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; OXIDE POWDERS; DISSOLUTION; CERAMICS AB Standard Reference Material (SRM (R)) 699 Alumina (Reduction Grade) was digested in HCl at 240 degrees C inside Carius tubes. Beryllium was measured with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry at the 313.107 nm line and quantified to be 2.90 +/- 0.24 mg g(-1) by the method of standard addition. The uncertainty of the measurement was evaluated by taking into account the often-neglected contribution from the correlation between the intercept and the slope of the regression curve. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1427 EP 1429 DI 10.1039/b700486a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 223VD UT WOS:000250399600020 ER PT J AU Locascio, LE Harper, B Robinson, M AF Locascio, Laurie E. Harper, Bruce Robinson, Matthew TI Standard practice for bulk sample collection and swab sample collection of visible powders suspected of being biological agents from nonporous surfaces: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The draft ASTM Standard, "Standard Practice for Bulk Sample Collection and Swab Sample Collection of Visible Powders Suspected of Being Biological Agents from Nonporous Surfaces," was validated in a collaborative study consisting of 6 teams comprised of Civil Support personnel and First Responders, 2 levels of Bacillus anthracis Sterne and Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki spores, and 7 nonporous surfaces. The sample collection standard includes collection of the bulk sample (Method A) using a dry swab to push the sample onto a collection card and collection of residual sample (Method B) using an onsite test kit followed by a wet swab intended for additional onsite testing. Method A is to be performed prior to Method B in order to preserve unadulterated sample as potential criminal evidence. While statistical differences were observed between surfaces, between teams, and the interaction of surfaces and teams for the various sample types collected, these differences are due to the very low variability of the data and a much more narrow distribution than an ideal normal distribution, rather than to any practical differences. The data demonstrate that from both the 1.0 and 0.01 g powder samples, high levels of spores (mean > 10(6) CFU) are recovered from the 7 surfaces by both the dry swab used in bulk sample collection (Method A) and the wet swab (Method B) sampling of the residual powder after bulk sample collection. Thus, after bulk sample collection. there is a high level of residual spores remaining for onsite biological testing and both Methods A and B should be performed in the field. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Dugway Proving Ground, Life Sci Div, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Locascio, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8394, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laurie.locascio@nist.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 299 EP 333 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 135BN UT WOS:000244128900036 PM 17373464 ER PT J AU De Felice, B Ciarmiello, LF Wilson, RR Conicella, C AF De Felice, Bruna Ciarmiello, Loredana F. Wilson, Robert R. Conicella, Clara TI Molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive DNA sequence in Citrus limon (L.) Burm SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE citrus limon; En/Spm element; repeated sequences; transposon ID SATELLITE DNA; PONCIRUS-TRIFOLIATA; GENOME EVOLUTION; RESISTANCE GENE; ORYZA-SATIVA; WHEAT; FAMILY; RETROTRANSPOSONS; ARABIDOPSIS; EUKARYOTES AB Repetitive sequences constitute a significant component of most eukaryotic genomes, and the isolation and characterization of repetitive DNA sequences provide an insight into the organization of the genome of interest. Here, we report the isolation and molecular analysis of a novel tandemly organized repetitive DNA sequence frorn the genome of Citrus limon. Digestion of C. limon DNA with Hinf I produced a prominent fragment of approximately 300 bp. Southern blotting revealed a ladder composed of DNA fragments that were multimers of the 300-bp 11inf I band. Thus, 11inf I digestion revealed a novel satellite, which we have called the C. limon satellite DNA 300 (CL300). Sequence analysis shows significant homology between a portion of the CL300 monomer and the transposase box of an En/Spm-like element. The CL300 satellite was also detected in grapefruit, sour orange, trifoliate orange and kumquat. These results suggest that the CL300 repeat is an ancient satellite, and we propose that a significant portion originated by amplification of a genomic region containing the En/Spm-like transposase element. C1 Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. CNR, IGV, Res Inst Plant Genet, Portici, Italy. RP De Felice, B (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. EM bruna.defelice@unina2.it RI Ciarmiello, Loredana F/D-3301-2014 OI Ciarmiello, Loredana F/0000-0002-4420-019X NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, INST PLANT GENETICS PI POZNAN PA STRZESZYNSKA 34, POZNAN, 60-479, POLAND SN 1234-1983 J9 J APPL GENET JI J. Appl. Genetics PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 201MF UT WOS:000248835100005 PM 17666775 ER PT J AU Davis, G AF Davis, Gary TI History of the NOAA satellite program SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE satellite; remote sensing; geostationary satellites AB For more than 46 years, NOAA's environmental satellites have been an integral key to life-saving weather and climate forecasts for the United States. NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has a rich history of successfully operating geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) and polar-orbiting environmental satellites (POES) that have helped take some of the mystery out of atmospheric phenomenon. Through the years, NOAA, with cooperation with NASA, has developed increasingly advanced satellites that have provided higher spatial and temporal resolution images, operational soundings, atmospheric temperature and moisture data in all weather situations. During those 46 years, NOAA has also built strong partnerships within the U. S. and throughout the world, leading to satellite-data sharing agreements that will strengthen the scientific community's understanding of the world's changing climate. The article, History of the NOAA Satellite Program, traces the development of the U. S. weather satellite system from an early commitment in 1953 by the Eisenhower administration to hoist an Earth satellite in orbit in 1958, to the next generation polar-orbiting system, the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, or NPOESS. C1 NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Davis, G (reprint author), NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 012504 DI 10.1117/1.2642347 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300052 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR Kossin, JP AF Knapp, Kenneth R. Kossin, James P. TI New global tropical cyclone data from ISCCP B1 geostationary satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE tropical cyclones; hurricanes; satellite; geostationary ID INFRARED IMAGERY; INTENSITY AB In light of recently documented hypotheses relating long-term trends in tropical cyclone (TC) activity and global warming, the need for consistent reanalyses of historical TC data records has taken on a renewed sense of urgency. Such reanalyses rely on satellite data, but until now, no comprehensive global satellite data set has been available for studying tropical cyclones. Here a new hurricane satellite (HURSAT) data record is introduced that will facilitate the reanalysis of TCs by providing satellite imagery in a standard format for the period of record 1983 to 2005. The data are collected from Japanese, European and U. S. geostationary satellites and the infrared window channel data, which are particularly relevant for TC analyses, have been recalibrated to reduce inter-satellite differences. Observations are provided on a 0.07 degrees x 0.07 degrees (similar to 8km) Lagrangian grid that follows the TC center at 3-hourly intervals. The data set will be updated annually and work is also underway to expand the data set backward to the late 1970s. C1 [Knapp, Kenneth R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kossin, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Ken.Knapp@noaa.gov; kossin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Kossin, James/D-3929-2011; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0614812] FX James Kossin's contribution to this project was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ATM-0614812. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013505 DI 10.1117/1.2712816 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300045 ER PT J AU Lee, Z Casey, B Arnone, R Weidemann, A Parsons, R Montes, MJ Gao, BC Goode, W Davis, CO Dye, J AF Lee, ZhongPing Casey, Brandon Arnone, Robert Weidemann, Alan Parsons, Rost Montes, Marcos J. Gao, Bo-Cai Goode, Wesley Davis, Curtiss O. Dye, Julie TI Water and bottom properties of a coastal environment derived from Hyperion data measured from the EO-1 spacecraft platform SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE aquatic environment; satellite; remote sensing; bathymetry; LIDAR ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SHALLOW WATERS; OCEAN COLOR; REFLECTANCE; CLOUD; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM AB Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA's EO-1 satellite with a spatial resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm - 2400 nm with a similar to 10 nm spectral resolution) and high spatial resolution make it attractive for studying complex coastal ecosystems, which require such a sensor for accurate retrieval of environmental properties. In this paper, Hyperion data over an area of the Florida Keys is used to develop and test algorithms for atmospheric correction and for retrieval of subsurface properties. Remote-sensing reflectance derived from Hyperion data is compared with those from in situ measurements. Furthermore, water's absorption coefficients and bathymetry derived from Hyperion imagery are compared with sample measurements and LIDAR survey, respectively. For a depth range of similar to 1 - 25 m, the Hyperion bathymetry match LIDAR data very well (similar to 11% average error); while the absorption coefficients differ by similar to 16.5% (in a range of 0.04 - 0.7 m(-1) for wavelengths of 410, 440, 490, 510, and 530 nm) on average. More importantly, in this top-to-bottom processing of Hyperion imagery, there is no use of any a priori or ground truth information. The results demonstrate the usefulness of such space-borne hyperspectral data and the techniques developed for effective and repetitive observation of complex coastal regions. C1 [Lee, ZhongPing; Arnone, Robert; Weidemann, Alan; Goode, Wesley] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Casey, Brandon] Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Parsons, Rost] NCDDC, NESDIS, NOAA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Montes, Marcos J.; Gao, Bo-Cai] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Davis, Curtiss O.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Dye, Julie] NAVOCEANO, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Lee, Z (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7333, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM zplee@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Montes, Marcos/J-9239-2015 OI Montes, Marcos/0000-0002-4725-5380 FU NASA; NRL [NRL 73-6734] FX Support for this study was provided by NASA through the "Evaluation of EO-1 Hyperion and ALI data for coastal waters" project and NRL through the "Lidar and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Littoral Environment (NRL 73-6734)" project. We also thank Todd Taylor at SAIC in helping EO-1 data acquisition and NOAA for the collection and archive of the EO-1 data. Comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 011502 DI 10.1117/1.2822610 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300062 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Key, JR Fowler, C Maslanik, J AF Wang, Xuanji Key, Jeffrey R. Fowler, Chuck Maslanik, James TI Diurnal cycles in Arctic surface radiative fluxes in a blended satellite-climate reanalysis data set SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Arctic climate; APP-x; ECMWF; surface radiative flux; reanalysis data ID AVHRR POLAR PATHFINDER; ORBITING SATELLITES; RECENT TRENDS; ICE; CLOUD; MODELS; INTERPOLATION; SIMULATIONS; ALBEDO; SPACE AB Surface radiative fluxes and their diurnal cycles are very important components in the surface energy budget of the Arctic, and also critical forcing variables for land surface models. An approach has been developed to derive diurnal cycles of the surface radiative fluxes for the Arctic from 6-hourly accumulated surface downward shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes in the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40) products by "correcting" interpolated hourly values with twice-daily satellite-derived radiative fluxes. Ground-based measurements of the surface radiative fluxes at an Arctic meteorological station are used to validate the approach. Results show that the blended satellite-model products are in good agreement with the ground-based measurements. Based on this blended product, diurnal cycles of surface radiative fluxes are examined over time and space. It clearly shows that satellite-retrieved products in high spatial and temporal resolutions are more realistic and accurate, and can be used to adjust or "correct" the reanalysis products, especially for the polar region where there exist few ground based measurements for diurnal cycle studies. C1 [Wang, Xuanji] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fowler, Chuck] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maslanik, James] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu; jkey@ssec.wisc.edu; Charles.Fowler@colorado.edu; james.maslanik@colorado.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0230317, OPP-0240827]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF; Grants OPP-0230317 and OPP-0240827) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Arctic Research Office SEARCH program. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) provided the standard APP data set. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis global profile data set was provided by NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center. NASA Langley Research Center provided the ISCCP D2 ozone data set. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) provided 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40) data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2007 VL 1 AR 013535 DI 10.1117/1.2794003 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 372PU UT WOS:000260914300015 ER PT J AU Stephens, BB Bakwin, PS Tans, PP Teclaw, RM Baumann, DD AF Stephens, Britton B. Bakwin, Peter S. Tans, Pieter P. Teclaw, Ron M. Baumann, Daniel D. TI Application of a differential fuel-cell analyzer for measuring atmospheric oxygen variations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; O-2 CONCENTRATION; O-2/N-2 RATIO; CO2; AIR; EXCHANGE; SINKS; ASSIMILATION; ABSORPTION; DIOXIDE AB A commercially available differential fuel-cell analyzer has been adapted to make field-based ppm-level measurements of atmospheric O(2) variations. With the implementation of rapid calibrations and active pressure and flow control, the analysis system described here has a 1 sigma precision of +/- 2.5 per meg (approximate to 0.5 ppm) for a 2-min measurement. Allowing for system stabilization after switching inlet lines, a 6-min measurement with a precision of +/- 1.4 per meg (approximate to 0.3 ppm) every 20 min is obtained. The elimination of biases in any atmospheric O(2) measurement depends critically on careful gas-handling procedures, and after screening for known sources of bias a comparability of +/- 10 per meg (approximate to 2 ppm) with the present setup is estimated. In comparison to existing techniques, the relatively small size, low cost, fast response, motion insensitivity, and ease of implementation of the fuel-cell analyzer make it particularly useful for a wide range of unattended field applications. This system has been used to measure atmospheric O(2) concentrations at the WLEF tall-tower research site in northern Wisconsin semicontinuously from June 2000 to December 2003. These measurements represent the first extended O(2) record in and above a forest ecosystem, and are being used to investigate global carbon budgeting, plant physiology, continental boundary layer mixing and synoptic transport, and potential means of industrial emission verification. In this paper, the measurement technique is described in detail and several weeks of data are presented to illustrate its performance. C1 Earth Observ Lab, Nat Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI USA. RP Stephens, BB (reprint author), Earth Observ Lab, Nat Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephens@ucar.edu RI Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 82 EP 94 DI 10.1175/JTECH1959.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JH UT WOS:000243724600007 ER PT J AU Mofjeld, HO Gonzalez, FI Titov, VV Venturato, AJ Newman, JC AF Mofjeld, Harold O. Gonzalez, Frank I. Titov, Vasily V. Venturato, Angie J. Newman, Jean C. TI Effects of tides on maximum tsunami wave heights: Probability distributions SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A theoretical study was carried out to understand how the probability distribution for maximum wave heights (n(m)) during tsunamis depends on the initial tsunami amplitude (A) and the tides. It was assumed that the total wave height is the linear sum of the tides and tsunami time series in which the latter is decaying exponentially in amplitude with an e-folding time of 2.0 days, based on the behavior of observed Pacific-wide tsunamis. Direct computations were made to determine the statistics of maximum height for a suite of different arrival times and initial tsunami amplitudes. Using predicted tides for 1992 when the lunar nodal f factors were near unity during the present National Tidal Datum Epoch 1983-2001, the results show that when A is small compared with the tidal range the probability density function (PDF) of the difference eta(m) - A is closely confined in height near mean higher high water (MHHW). The eta(m) - A PDF spreads in height and its mean height eta(o) - A decreases, approaching the PDF of the tides and MSL, respectively, when A becomes large compared with the tidal range. A Gaussian form is found to be a close approximation to the eta(m) - A PDF over much of the amplitude range; associated parameters for 30 coastal stations along the U.S. West Coast, Alaska, and Hawaii are given in the paper. The formula should prove useful in probabilistic mapping of coastal tsunami flooding. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mofjeld, HO (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Harold.Mofjeld@noaa.gov RI Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1175/JTECH1955.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JH UT WOS:000243724600010 ER PT J AU Sun, LM Xu, HHK Takagi, S Chow, LC AF Sun, Limin Xu, Hockin H. K. Takagi, Shozo Chow, Laurence C. TI Fast setting calcium phosphate cement-chitosan composite: Mechanical properties and dissolution rates SO JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate cement (CPC); elastomeric; chitosan malate; composite; setting time; dissolution/bioresorption; mechanical properties ID IN-VITRO PROPERTIES; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; BONE; BIOMATERIALS; REGENERATION; SCAFFOLD; PASTE AB Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can self-harden in vivo to form hydroxyapatite (HA) with excellent osteoconductivity. In recent studies, CPC-chitosan composites are developed with high mechanical strength and washout resistance. The objectives of the present study are to optimize the setting time and mechanical properties of a CPC-chitosan composite by tailoring the chitosan content, and to evaluate the bioresorbability by using an in vitro dissolution model. Six chitosan mass fractions are tested: 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. Specimens are immersed in solutions with pH ranging from 3.5 to 5 to simulate the acidic environments produced by osteoclasts in vivo. Dissolution is measured as the fraction of mass loss versus immersion time from 7 d to 28 d. The CPC-chitosan composite with 20% by mass chitosan has a setting time (mean +/- SD; n = 4) of 13 +/- 1 min, significantly less than 87 +/- 7 min for CPC control without chitosan (p < 0.05). The composite flexural strength (mean +/- SD; n = 6) was 14 2 MPa, significantly higher than 4 1 MPa of CPC control (p < 0.05). At an intermediate pH of 4.5, the fraction of mass loss for CPC with 20% chitosan and CPC control without chitosan are not significantly different (p > 0.1). The dissolution rates (fraction of mass loss per day, %/d) were 1.05 for CPC control and 1.08 for CPC-chitosan. In summary, a CPC-chitosan composite is developed with fast-setting and a flexural strength three-fold of that of CPC control without chitosan. Both materials are soluble in acidic environments, indicating that adding chitosan did not compromise the bioresorbability of CPC. The strong and resorbable CPC-chitosan composite may be useful in moderate stress-bearing craniofacial and orthopedic repairs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, LM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM limin.sun@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 11789, DE 14190] NR 35 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0885-3282 J9 J BIOMATER APPL JI J. Biomater. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1177/0885328206063687 PG 17 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 126QB UT WOS:000243528400006 PM 16543283 ER PT J AU Drexler, ES Quinn, TP Slifka, AJ McCowan, CN Bischoff, JE Wright, JE Ivy, DD Shandas, R AF Drexler, E. S. Quinn, T. P. Slifka, A. J. McCowan, C. N. Bischoff, J. E. Wright, J. E. Ivy, D. D. Shandas, R. TI Comparison of mechanical behavior among the extrapulmonary arteries from rats SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE bubble test; mechanical properties; pulmonary arteries; pulmonary hypertension; stress; strain ID INDUCED PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; ZERO-STRESS STATE; HYPOXIC HYPERTENSION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; SYSTEM; BIOMECHANICS; PRESSURE; TISSUE; TRUNK; MODEL AB Results of comparative tests on pulmonary arteries from untreated Long-Evans rats are presented from three sections of the artery: the trunk, and the right and left main extrapulmonary arteries. Analyses were conducted looking for mechanical differences between the flow (longitudinal) and circumferential directions, between the right and left main arteries, and between each of the mains and the trunk. The mechanical properties of rat pulmonary arteries were obtained with a bubble inflation technique. A flat disk of rat pulmonary artery was constrained at the periphery and inflated, and the geometry of the resulting bubble of material recorded from six different angles. To analyze the data, the area under the stress-strain curve was calculated for each test and orientation. This area, related to the strain-energy density, was calculated at stress equal to 200 kPa, for the purpose of statistical comparison. The mean values for the area show that the trunk is less compliant than the main arteries; this difference is supported by histological evidence. When comparing the circumferential and longitudinal properties of the arteries, differences are found for the trunk and left main arteries, but with opposite orientations being more compliant. The mean values for the two orientations for the right main artery are statistically identical. There was indication of significant difference in mechanical properties between the trunk and the main arteries. The left main artery in the circumferential orientation is highly compliant and appears to strongly influence the likelihood that significant differences will exist when included in a statistical population. These data show that each section of the extrapulmonary arterial system should not be expected to behave identically, and they provide the baseline mechanical behavior of the pulmonary artery from normotensive rats. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div MS 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div MS 853, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM drexler@boulder.nist.gov OI Shandas, Robin/0000-0002-9473-7542 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 67393] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 812 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.03.010 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 148XR UT WOS:000245111200012 PM 16682044 ER PT J AU Li, WJ Mauck, RL Cooper, JA Yuan, XN Tuan, RS AF Li, Wan-Ju Mauck, Robert L. Cooper, James A. Yuan, Xiaoning Tuan, Rocky S. TI Engineering controllable anisotropy in electrospun biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE tissue engineering; tensile properties; anisotropy; mechanical testing; biodegradable scaffolds ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; CONFINED COMPRESSION; INTERSTITIAL FLUID; CELL ALIGNMENT; ACL FIBROBLAST; COLLAGEN GELS; STRAIN; ORIENTATION; MENISCI; TENSION AB Many musculoskeletal tissues exhibit significant anisotropic mechanical properties reflective of a highly oriented underlying extracellular matrix. For tissue engineering, recreating this organization of the native tissue remains a challenge. To address this issue, this study explored the fabrication of biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds composed of aligned fibers via electrospinning onto a rotating target, and characterized their mechanical anisotropy as a function of the production parameters. The characterization showed that nanofiber organization was dependent on the rotation speed of the target; randomly oriented fibers (33% fiber alignment) were produced on a stationary shaft, whereas highly oriented fibers (94% fiber alignment) were produced when rotation speed was increased to 9.3 m/s. Non-aligned scaffolds had an isotropic tensile modulus of 2.1 +/- 0.4 MPa, compared to highly anisotropic scaffolds whose modulus was 11.6 +/- 3.1 MPa in the presumed fiber direction, suggesting that fiber alignment has a profound effect on the mechanical properties of scaffolds. Mechanical anisotropy was most pronounced at higher rotation speeds, with a greater than 33-fold enhancement of the Young's modulus in the fiber direction compared to perpendicular to the fiber direction when the rotation speed reached 8 m/s. In cell culture, both the organization of actin filaments of human mesenchymal stem cells and the cellular alignment of meniscal fibroblasts were dictated by the prevailing nanofiber orientation. This study demonstrates that controllable and anisotropic mechanical properties of nanofibrous scaffolds can be achieved by dictating nanofiber organization through intelligent scaffold design. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIAMSD, Cartilage Biol & Orthopaed Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tuan, RS (reprint author), NIAMSD, Cartilage Biol & Orthopaed Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM tuanr@mail.nih.gov RI Li, Wan-Ju/A-7002-2008 FU Intramural NIH HHS [NIH0011027684, Z01 AR041131-06]; NIAMS NIH HHS [Z01 AR041131] NR 28 TC 201 Z9 207 U1 3 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PY 2007 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1686 EP 1693 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.004 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 177ZR UT WOS:000247191500005 PM 17056048 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Regnault, WF Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF Lee, Soo-Young Regnault, W. F. Antonucci, J. M. Skrtic, D. TI Effect of particle size of an amorphous calcium phosphate filler on the mechanical strength and ion release of polymeric composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE bioactive material; calcium phosphate(s); composite/hard tissue; ion release; particle size distribution ID DENTAL COMPOSITES; WATER SORPTION; HYBRID AB The random clustering of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particles within resin matrices is thought to diminish the strength of their polymerized composites. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of ball-milling on the particle size distribution (PSD) of ACP fillers and assess if improved dispersion of milled ACP in methacrylate resin sufficiently enhanced filler/matrix interactions to result in improved biaxial flexure strength (BFS), without compromising the remineralizing potential of the composites. Unmilled and wet-milled zirconia-hybridized ACP (Zr-ACP) fillers were characterized by PSD analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Composite specimens made from a photoactivated, ternary methacrylate resin admixed with a mass fraction of 40% of un-milled or milled Zr-ACP were evaluated for the BFS (dry and wet) and for the release of calcium and phosphate ions into saline solutions. While having no apparent effect on the structure, composition, and morphology/topology of the fillers, milling significantly reduced the average size of Zr-ACP particulates (median diameter, d(m)=0.9 +/- 0.2 mu m) and the spread of their PSD. Better dispersion of milled Zr-ACP in the resins resulted in the improved BFS of the composites, even after aqueous soaking, and also gave a satisfactory ion release profile. The demonstrated improvement in the mechanical stability of anti-demineralizing/remineralizing ACP composites based on milled Zr-ACP filler may be beneficial in potentially extending their dental utility. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 80B: 11-17, 2007 C1 Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Phil Dent Clin, Seoul, South Korea. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE013169-07, R01 DE13169-07, R01 DE013169] NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80B IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30561 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 119NE UT WOS:000243018200002 PM 16649181 ER PT J AU Qasim, T Ford, C Bush, MB Hu, XZ Malament, KA Lawn, BR AF Qasim, Tarek Ford, Chris Bush, Mark B. Hu, Xiaozhi Malament, Kenneth A. Lawn, Brian R. TI Margin failures in brittle dome structures: Relevance to failure of dental crowns SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE all-ceramic crowns; lunar cracks; crown failure; stress analysis ID LAYER STRUCTURES; CONTACT DAMAGE; CERAMIC CROWNS; RESTORATIONS; COATINGS; FRACTURE; SURVIVAL; DESIGN; MODES; TOOTH AB Margin cracks in loaded brittle dome structures are investigated. Dome structures consisting of glass shells filled with polymer resin, simulating the essential features of brittle crowns on tooth dentin, provide model test specimens. Disk indenters of diminishing elastic modulus are used to apply axisymmetric loading to the apex of the domes. Previous studies using hard indenters have focused on fractures initiating in the near-contact region of such specimens, including radial cracks at the glass undersurface directly below the contact axis. Here, we focus on fractures initiating at the remote support margins. Margin cracks can become dominant when loading forces are distributed over broad contact areas, as in biting on soft matter, here simulated by balsa wood disks. Cracks preinitiated at the dome edges during the specimen preparation propagate under load around the dome side into segmented, semilunar configurations reminiscent of some all-ceramic crown failures. Finite element analysis is used to determine the basic stress states within the dome structures, and to confirm a shift in maximum tensile stress from the near-contact area to the dome sides with more compliant indenters. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Tufts Univ Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Hu, Xiaozhi /H-4353-2011 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 80B IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30571 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 119NE UT WOS:000243018200010 PM 16615075 ER PT J AU Wilcox, EM Donner, LJ AF Wilcox, Eric M. Donner, Leo J. TI The frequency of extreme rain events in satellite rain-rate estimates and an atmospheric general circulation model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENT; CONVECTIVE QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SECULAR TRENDS; CLIMATE MODELS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PRECIPITATION AB The frequency distributions of surface rain rate are evaluated in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations and the NOAA/GFDL global atmosphere model version 2 (AM2). Instantaneous satellite rain-rate observations averaged over the 2.5 degrees latitude x 2 degrees longitude model grid are shown to be representative of the half-hour rain rate from single time steps simulated by the model. Rain-rate events exceeding 10 mm h(-1) are observed by satellites in most regions, with 1 mm h(-1) events occurring more than two orders of magnitude more frequently than 10 mm h(-1) events. A model simulation using the relaxed Arakawa-Schubert (RAS) formulation of cumulus convection exhibits a strong bias toward many more light rain events compared to the observations and far too few heavy rain events. A simulation using an alternative convection scheme, which includes an explicit representation of mesoscale circulations and an alternative formulation of the closure, exhibits, among other differences, an order of magnitude more tropical rain events above the 5 mm h(-1) rate compared to the RAS simulation. This simulation demonstrates that global atmospheric models can be made to produce heavy rain events, in some cases even exceeding the observed frequency of such events. Additional simulations reveal that the frequency distribution of the surface rain rate in the GCM is shaped by a variety of components within the convection parameterization, including the closure, convective triggers, the spectrum of convective and mesoscale clouds, and other parameters whose physical basis is currently only understood to a limited extent. Furthermore, these components interact nonlinearly such that the sensitivity of the rain-rate distribution to the formulation of one component may depend on the formulation of the others. Two simulations using different convection parameterizations are performed using perturbed sea surface temperatures as a surrogate for greenhouse gas-forced climate warming. Changes in the frequency of rain events greater than 2 mm h(-1) associated with changing the convection scheme in the model are greater than the changes in the frequency of heavy rain events associated with a 2-K warming using either model. Thus, uncertainty persists with respect to simulating intensity distributions for precipitation and projecting their future changes. Improving the representation of the frequency distribution of rain rates will rely on refinements in the formulation of cumulus closure and the other components of convection schemes, and greater certainty in predictions of future changes in both total rainfall and in rain-rate distributions will require additional refinements in those parameterizations that determine the cloud and water vapor feedbacks. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wilcox, EM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eric.m.wilcox@nasa.gov NR 31 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1175/JCLI3987.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125EJ UT WOS:000243424600004 ER PT J AU Revell, DL Marra, JJ Griggs, GB AF Revell, David L. Marra, John J. Griggs, Gary B. TI Sandshed Management SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE regional sediment management; littoral cell planning; coastal hazards; sediment budget; watershed planning; ecosystem-based management ID SEA-CLIFF EROSION; LITTORAL CELL; UNITED-STATES; WAVE RUNUP; EL-NINO; SEDIMENT; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE; COAST; VARIABILITY AB D.L. REVELL, J.J. MARRA, and G.B. GRIGGS 2007. Sandshed Management. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 93 - 98. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 Sandshed management links the well-known concept of watershed management with a regional approach to shoreline management that emphasises the maintenance of a sandy beach to provide hazard protection while preserving recreational, ecological and economic benefits. Sandshed management planning is described as a three step inventory, analysis, and implementation process. The inventory is comprised of a collection of cultural characteristics such as economic, social and environmental assets, jurisdictional boundaries, shoreline uses and activities as well as the physical processes that operate across a range of time and space scales to affect shoreline stability. Delineation of the sediment budget, the balance between sources and sinks within a sandshed, is a key part of the physical inventory. The analysis step includes both an assessment of the cause and extent of inundation and erosion-related hazards, and an evaluation of a range of potentially applicable management measures. Describing the positive and negative impacts associated with potential management measures in a way that accounts for community values and priorities is a key part of the analysis process. Once a preferred alternative or suite of alternatives has been identified, a range of implementation mechanisms need to be established. These may include memoranda of understanding or letters of agreement between agencies and organisations or more formal measures such as the adoption of planning and/or zoning code provisions. The comprehensive, regional approach embodied in the concept of sandshed management has significant implications to the management of our coasts worldwide. C1 [Revell, David L.; Griggs, Gary B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Marra, John J.] East West Ctr, NOAA IDEA Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96848 USA. RP Revell, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM drevell@es.ucsc.edu; John.Marra@noaa.gov; ggriggs@ucsc.edu NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PY 2007 SI 50 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA V16HI UT WOS:000207860300019 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Liu, DW Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, J. M. Liu, D. W. Skrtic, D. TI Amorphous calcium phosphate based composites: Effect of surfactants and poly(ethylene oxide) on filler and composite properties SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; particle size distribution; surfactants; poly(ethylene glycol); composite; mechanical strength ID BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; IONIC-STRENGTH SOLUTIONS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; PARTICLE-SIZE; PRECIPITATION; AGGREGATION; OXALATES; HYBRID AB The uncontrolled aggregation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particulate fillers and their uneven distribution within polymer matrices can have adverse effects on the properties of ACP composites. In this article, we assessed the influence of nonionic and anionic surfactants and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) introduced during the preparation of ACP on the particle size distribution and compositional properties of ACP. In addition, the mechanical strength of polymeric composites utilizing such fillers with a photo-activated binary methacrylate resin was evaluated. Zirconia-hybridized ACP (Zr-ACP) filler and its corresponding composite served as controls for this study. Surfactant- and PEO-ACPs had an average water content of 16.8% by mass. Introduction of the anionic surfactant reduced the median particle diameter about 45% (4.1 mu m versus 7.4 mu m for the Zr-ACP control). In the presence of PEO, however, the d(m) increased to 14.1 mu m. There was no improvement in the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) in any of the dry composite specimens prepared with the surfactant and/or PEO-ACPs compared to those formulated with Zr-ACP. The BFS of wet composite specimens decreased by 50% or more after a month-long exposure to saline solutions. Other types of surfactants and/or polymers as well as alternative surface modification protocols need to be explored for their potential to provide better dispersion of ACP into the matrix resin and better mechanical performance ACP composites. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE013169, R01 DE013169-07] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 819 EP 824 DI 10.1080/01932690701346255 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 184DF UT WOS:000247620600020 PM 18714365 ER PT J AU Kretzschmar, HJ Cooper, JR Dittmann, A Friend, DG Gallagher, JS Harvey, AH Knobloch, K Mares, R Miyagawa, K Okita, N Stocker, I Wagner, W Weber, I AF Kretzschmar, H. J. Cooper, J. R. Dittmann, A. Friend, D. G. Gallagher, J. S. Harvey, A. H. Knobloch, K. Mares, R. Miyagawa, K. Okita, N. Stoecker, I. Wagner, W. Weber, I. TI Supplementary backward equations T(p, h), v(p, h), and T(p, s), v(p, s) for the critical and supercritical regions (region 3) of the industrial formulation IAPWS-IF97 for water and steam SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In modeling advanced steam power cycles, thermodynamic properties as functions of pressure and enthalpy (p, h) or pressure and entropy (p, s) are required in the critical and supercritical regions (region 3 of IAPWS-IF97). With IAPWS-IF97, these calculations require cumbersome two-dimensional iteration of temperature T and specific volume V from (p,h) or (p,s). While these calculations in region 3 are not frequently required, the computing time can be significant. Therefore, the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) adopted back-ward equations for T(p,h), v(p,h), T(p,s), and v(p,s) in region 3, along with boundary equations for the saturation pressure as a function of enthalpy, p(3sat)(h), and of entropy, p(3sat)(s). Using the new equations, two-dimensional iteration can be avoided. The numerical consistency of temperature and specific volume obtained in this way is sufficient for most uses. This paper summarizes the need and the requirements for these equations and gives complete numerical information. In addition, numerical consistency and computational speed are discussed. C1 Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci, Dept Tech Thermodynam, D-02754 Zittau, Germany. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, Dept Engn, London E1 4NS, England. Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Tech Thermodynam, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ W Bohemia, Dept Thermodynam, CZ-30614 Plzen, Czech Republic. Toshiba Co Ltd, Thermal Plant Syst Project Dept, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1058001, Japan. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Thermodynam, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Siemens AG, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Kretzschmar, HJ (reprint author), Zittau Goerlitz Univ Appl Sci, Dept Tech Thermodynam, POB 1455, D-02754 Zittau, Germany. EM hj.kretzschmar@hs-zigr.de; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1115/1.2181598 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 124SL UT WOS:000243390100035 ER PT J AU Siewicki, TC Pullaro, T Pan, W McDaniel, S Glenn, R Stewart, J AF Siewicki, T. C. Pullaro, T. Pan, W. McDaniel, S. Glenn, R. Stewart, J. TI Models of total and presumed wildlife sources of fecal coliform bacteria in coastal ponds SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coliform bacteria; wildlife; ecological modeling; statistical modeling ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTAMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; LANDSCAPE; WATERS AB Models that accurately predict fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) concentrations, one of the most widely used measures of estuarine water quality, are needed to improve land use decision-making. Rapidly occurring changes in coastal land uses and the influence on water quality increases the urgency of having improved decision tools. For this study, samples were collected monthly from six coastal ponds, two tidal creeks and four shallow water wells for up to 2(1)/(2) years. These data were used along with other measures of environmental conditions and land classes within each watershed to construct quantitative relationships between combinations of variables and both total and presumed wildlife sources of FCB. Linear regression, bootstrapping and generalized additive modeling that incorporates both linear and nonlinear terms were used. Results of repeated simultaneous sampling on the same tide stage of ponds and downstream estuarine creeks suggest that most FCB come from wildlife and that the ponds effectively remove these bacteria except immediately following heavy rainfall. Predictive models for concentrations of total and presumed wildlife bacteria are provided along with simple measures to estimate watershed boundaries. It is proposed that these tools can be used to minimize impacts on receiving water body quality. The models can be used to test alternative development approaches within coastal watersheds similar to that found in the southeastern USA coastal zone as well as to evaluate specific proposed landscape alterations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Siewicki, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM tom.siewicki@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 82 IS 1 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.12.010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110IK UT WOS:000242371600013 PM 16556478 ER PT J AU Overmyer, JP Rouse, DR Avants, JK Garrison, AW Delorenzo, ME Chung, KW Key, PB Wilson, WA Black, MC AF Overmyer, Jay P. Rouse, David R. Avants, Jimmy K. Garrison, A. Wayne Delorenzo, Marie E. Chung, Katy W. Key, Pete B. Wilson, W. Aaron Black, Marsha C. TI Toxicity of fipronil and its enantiomers to marine and freshwater non-targets SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE enantiomers; fipronil; freshwater; marine; non-targets; recovery; toxicity ID DESULFINYL PHOTOPRODUCT; PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; CYTOSPECIES IS-7; GRASS SHRIMP; LIFE STAGES; INSECTICIDES; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; DEGRADATION; SIMULIIDAE; DIPTERA AB Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in agricultural and domestic settings for controlling various insect pests in crops, lawns, and residential structures. Fipronil is chiral; however, it is released into the environment as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers. In this study, the acute toxicity of the (S,+) and (R,-) enantiomers and the racemic mixture of. pronil were assessed using Simulium vittatum IS-7 (black fly), Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), Procambarus clarkii (cray fish), Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp), Mercenaria mercenaria (hardshell clam), and Dunaliella tertiolecta (phytoplankton). Results showed that S. vittatum IS-7 was the most sensitive freshwater species to the racemic mixture of fipronil (LC50 = 0.65 mu g/L) while P. pugio was the most sensitive marine species (LC50 = 0.32 mu g/L). Procambarus clarkii were significantly more sensitive to the (S,+) enantiomer while larval P. pugio were significantly more sensitive to the (R,-) enantiomer. Enantioselective toxicity was not observed in the other organisms tested. Increased mortality and minimal recovery was observed in all species tested for recovery from. pronil exposure. These results indicate that the most toxic isomer of fipronil is organism-specific and that enantioselective toxicity may be more common in crustaceans than in other aquatic organisms. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. Senior Serv Amer Inc, US Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA USA. RP Overmyer, JP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 413 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jayo@uga.edu RI Black, Marsha /B-6449-2013 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 471 EP 480 DI 10.1080/03601230701391823 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 184OY UT WOS:000247652600001 PM 17562454 ER PT J AU Cook, R Strum, M Touma, JS Palma, T Thurman, J Ensley, D Smith, R AF Cook, Richard Strum, Madeleine Touma, Jawad S. Palma, Ted Thurman, James Ensley, Darrell Smith, Roy TI Inhalation exposure and risk from mobile source air toxics in future years SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure modeling; inhalation exposure; risk; air toxics; mobile sources ID HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS AB Modeling of inhalation exposure and risks resulting from exposure to mobile source air toxics can be used to evaluate impacts of reductions from control programs on overall risk, as well as changes in relative contributions of different source sectors to risk, changes in contributions of different pollutants to overall risk, and changes in geographic distributions of risk. Such analysis is useful in setting regulatory priorities, and informing the decision-making process. In this paper, we have conducted national-scale air quality, exposure, and risk modeling for the US in the years 2015, 2020, and 2030, using similar tools and methods as the 1999 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment. Our results suggest that US Environmental Protection Agency emission control programs will substantially reduce average inhalation cancer risks and potential noncancer health risks from exposure to mobile source air toxics. However, cancer risk and noncancer hazard due to inhalation of air toxics will continue to be a public health concern. C1 US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. US EPA, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Cook, R (reprint author), US EPA, Off Transportat & Air Qual, 2000 Traverwood Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cook.rich@epa.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500529 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 146JR UT WOS:000244930900013 PM 17006436 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Van Workum, K AF Douglas, Jack F. Van Workum, Kevin TI Lessons from simulation regarding the control of synthetic self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATTICE MODEL; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS; MICROTUBULE DYNAMICS; PROTEIN ASSEMBLIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; VIRUSES; ORGANIZATION; TRANSITION; NUCLEATION AB We investigated the role of particle potential symmetry on self-assembly by Monte Carlo simulation with a particular view toward synthetically creating structures of prescribed form and function. First, we established a general tendency for the rotational potential symmetries of the particles to be locally preserved upon self-assembly. Specifically, we found that a dipolar particle potential, having a continuous rotational symmetry about the dipolar axis, gives rise to chain formation, while particles with multipolar potentials (e.g., square quadrupole) having discrete rotational symmetries lead to the self-assembly of "random surface" polymers preserving the rotational symmetries of the particles within these sheet structures. Surprisingly, these changes in self-assembly geometry with the particle potential symmetry are also accompanied by significant changes in the thermodynamic character and in the kinetics of the self-assembly process. Linear chain growth involves a continuous chain growth process in which the chains break and reform readily, while the growth of the two-dimensional polymers only occurs after an "initiation" or "nucleation" time that fluctuates from run to run. We show that the introduction of artificial seeds provides an effective method for controlling the structure and growth kinetics of sheet-like polymers. The significance of these distinct modes of polymerization on the functional character of self-assembly growth is illustrated by constructing an artificial centrosome structure derived from particles having continuous and discrete rotational potential symmetries. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 125SS UT WOS:000243463400003 ER PT J AU Fett, T Rizzi, G Guin, JP Wiederhorn, SM AF Fett, T. Rizzi, G. Guin, J. P. Wiederhorn, S. M. TI Ring-on-ring strength measurements on rectangular glass slides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keramik Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fett, T (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keramik Maschinenbau, Haid Neu Str 7, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM theo.fett@ikm.uni-karlsruhe.de RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 42 IS 1 BP 393 EP 395 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-1102-8 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 127VN UT WOS:000243614500053 ER PT J AU Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, MD Lehman, JH AF Baker-Jarvis, James Janezic, Michael D. Lehman, John H. TI Dielectric resonator method for measuring the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes from microwave to millimeter frequencies SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY AB We describe a dielectric resonator-based measurement method for determining the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes at microwave to millimeter frequencies. This measurement method is not limited by the metal conductor contact resistances or impedance mismatch commonly encountered in the measurement of single nanotubes. The measurement of carbon nanotubes yielded conductivities of approximately 0.08 x 10(7) S/m. Copyright (C) 2007. C1 [Baker-Jarvis, James; Janezic, Michael D.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lehman, John H.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2007 SI 1 AR 24242 DI 10.1155/2007/24242 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 261NO UT WOS:000253086600002 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Hsu, SM Liew, YF AF Zhang, J. Hsu, S. M. Liew, Y. F. TI Nanolubrication: Patterned lubricating films using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on hard disks SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE UV irradiation; PFPE; friction; magnetic hard disk; bonding ID PERFLUOROPOLYETHER LUBRICANTS; WEAR AB Nanolubrication is emerging to be the key technical barrier in many devices. One of the key attributes for successful device lubrication is self-sustainability using only several molecular layers. For single molecular species lubrication, one desires bonding strength and molecular mobility to repair the contact by diffusing back to the contact. One way to achieve this is the use of mask to shield the surface with a patterned surface texture, put a monolayer on the surface and induce bonding. Then re-deposit mobile molecules on the surface to bring the thickness back to the desired thickness. This paper describes the use of long wavelength UV irradiation (320-390 nm) to induce bonding of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) on CNx, disks for magnetic hard disk application. This allows the use of irradiation to control the degree of bonding on CNx, coatings. The effect of induced bonding based on this wavelength was studied by comparing 100% mobile PFPE, 100% bonded PFPE, and a mixture of mobile and bonded PFPE in a series of laboratory tests. Using a lateral force microscope, a diamond-tipped atomic force microscope, and a ball-on-inclined plane apparatus, the friction and wear characteristics of these three cases were obtained. Results suggested that the mixed PFPE has the highest shear rupture strength. C1 Data Storage Inst, Singapore 117608, Singapore. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Data Storage Inst, 5 Engn Dr 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore. OI Liew, Thomas/0000-0003-4975-8982 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.025 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 120BG UT WOS:000243057900022 PM 17455493 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, RR Rothstein, LM Wimbush, M AF Rodrigues, Regina R. Rothstein, Lewis M. Wimbush, Mark TI Seasonal variability of the South Equatorial Current bifurcation in the Atlantic Ocean: A numerical study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WESTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC; UPPER-LAYER CIRCULATION; NORTH BRAZIL CURRENT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DECADAL VARIATIONS; SUBTROPICAL CELLS; WIND STRESS; CHINA SEA AB In this study, a reduced-gravity, primitive equation OGCM is used to investigate the seasonal variability of the bifurcation of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) into the Brazil Current (BC) to the south and the North Brazil Undercurrent/Current (NBUC/NBC) system to the north. Annual mean meridional velocity averaged within a 2 degrees longitude band off the South American coast shows that the SEC bifurcation occurs at about 10 degrees-14 degrees S near the surface, shifting poleward with increasing depth, reaching 27 degrees S at 1000 m, in both observations and model. The bifurcation latitude reaches its southernmost position in July (similar to 17 degrees S in the top 200 m) and its northernmost position in November (similar to 13 degrees S in the top 200 m). The model results show that most of the seasonal variability of the bifurcation latitude in the upper thermocline is associated with changes in the local wind stress curl due to the annual north-south excursion of the marine ITCZ complex. As the SEC bifurcation latitude moves south (north) the NBUC transport increases (decreases) and the BC transport decreases (increases). The remote forcing (i.e., westward propagation of anomalies) appears to have a smaller impact on the seasonal variability of the bifurcation in the upper thermocline. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Rodrigues, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Bldg 3,7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM regina.rodrigues@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1175/JPO2983.1 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 130ZA UT WOS:000243836300002 ER PT J AU Lough, RG Broughton, EA AF Lough, R. G. Broughton, E. A. TI Development of micro-scale frequency distributions of plankton for inclusion in foraging models of larval fish, results from a Video Plankton Recorder SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES BANK; PREY PATCHINESS; RECRUITMENT; LAYERS; HYDROGRAPHY; TURBULENCE; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; HADDOCK AB A self-contained, analog Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) mounted on a 1-m(2) MOCNESS sampling system was used to obtain data on micro-scale (< 10 m) distributions of zooplankton as prey for larval cod and haddock during May 1997 and May 1999 on Georges Bank. The negative binomial frequency distribution was selected to best describe the more abundant plankton categories in 10-second bins for 10-m depth intervals. Most of the strata had asymmetrical frequency distributions with low means and low k values indicating a clumped distribution. Water-column stratification was especially important in structuring micro-scale high-density layers of phytoplankton and copepods. The most symmetrical Poisson-like distributions with high means and high k values occurred in the upper 30 m above the base of the thermocline. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lough, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM glough@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 29 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1093/plankt/fb1055 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 152HZ UT WOS:000245354000002 ER PT J AU Doiron, T AF Doiron, Ted TI 20 degrees C - A short history of the standard reference temperature for industrial dimensional measurements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimensional metrology; gage blocks; gauge blocks; reference temperature; C. E. Johansson; S. W. Stratton AB One of the basic principles of dimensional metrology is that a part dimension changes with temperature because of thermal expansion. Since 1931 industrial lengths have been defined as the size at 20 degrees C. This paper discusses the variety of standard temperatures that were in use before that date, the efforts of C. E. Johansson to meet these variations, and the effort by the National Bureau of Standards to bring the United States to the eventual world standard. C1 NIST, Precis Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Doiron, T (reprint author), NIST, Precis Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM doiron@nist.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.6028/jres.112.001 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140HO UT WOS:000244495600001 PM 27110451 ER PT J AU Bennett, HS AF Bennett, Herbert S. TI Will future measurement needs of the semiconductor industry be met? SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE economic forces; measurement needs; metrology; semiconductor industry; standards; technological innovation; technology roadmaps; United States Measurement System (USMS) AB We discuss the ability of the nation's measurement system to meet future metrology needs of the semiconductor industry. Lacking an acceptable metric for assessing the health of metrology for the semiconductor industry, we identify a limited set of unmet measurement needs. Assuming that this set of needs may serve as proxy for the galaxy of semiconductor measurement needs, we examine it from the perspective of what will be required to continue the semiconductor industry's powerful impact in the world's macro-economy and maintain its exceptional record of numerous technological innovations. This paper concludes with suggestions about ways to strengthen the measurement system for the semiconductor industry. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bennett, HS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM herbert.bennett@nist.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 25 EP 38 DI 10.6028/jres.112.002 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140HO UT WOS:000244495600002 PM 27110452 ER PT J AU Fraser, GT Gibson, CE Yoon, HW Parr, AC AF Fraser, Gerald T. Gibson, Charles E. Yoon, Howard W. Parr, Albert C. TI "Once is enough" in radiometric calibrations SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; efficiency; process control; quality measurements ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE AB The successful development of an Optical Technology Division quality system for optical radiation measurement services has provided the opportunity to reconsider the existing calibration procedures to improve quality and reduce costs. We have instituted procedures in our calibration programs to eliminate uninformative repetitive measurements by concentrating our efforts on controlling and understanding the measurement process. The first program in our calibration services to undergo these revisions is described in this paper. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gerald.fraser@nist.gov; charles.gibson@nist.gov; howard.yoon@nist.gov; albert.parr@nist.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.6028/jres.112.003 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140HO UT WOS:000244495600003 PM 27110453 ER PT J AU Singerman, D AF Singerman, David TI "A doubt is at best an unsafe standard": Measuring sugar in the early bureau of standards SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bates; Frederick Bureau of Standards; customs; instruments; measurement; metrology; optics; polarimetry; saccharimetry; standards; sugar AB In 1900, measuring the purity of sugar was a problem with serious economic consequences, and Congress created the Bureau of Standards in part to create accurate standards for saccharimetry. To direct the Polarimetry Section, Director Stratton hired the young chemist Frederick Bates, who went on to make significant contributions to the discipline of sugar chemistry. This paper explores four of Bates's greatest accomplishments: identifying the error caused by clarifying lead acetate, inventing the remarkable quartz-compensating saccharimeter with adjustable sensibility, discovering the significant error in the prevailing Ventzke saccharimetric scale, and reviving the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis to unify the international community of chemists after the tensions of World War One. It also shows how accomplishments in saccharimetry reflected the growing importance and confidence of the Bureau of Standards, and how its scientific success smoothed the operation of American commerce. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Singerman, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.singerman@gmail.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.6028/jres.112.004 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140HO UT WOS:000244495600004 PM 27110454 ER PT J AU Davis, B Grosvenor, C Johnk, R Novotny, D Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, M AF Davis, Ben Grosvenor, Chriss Johnk, Robert Novotny, David Baker-Jarvis, James Janezic, Michael TI Complex permittivity of planar building materials measured with an ultra-wideband free-field antenna measurement system SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digital signal processing; free-field measurement system; genetic algorithm; material properties; TEM half-horn antennas; transmission; ultra-wide-band AB Building materials are often incorporated into complex, multilayer macrostructures that are simply not amenable to measurements using coax or waveguide sample holders. In response to this, we developed an ultra-wideband (UWB) free-field measurement system. This measurement system uses a ground-plane-based system and two TEM half-horn antennas to transmit and receive the RF signal. The material samples are placed between the antennas, and reflection and transmission measurements made. Digital signal processing techniques are then applied to minimize environmental and systematic effects. The processed data are compared to a plane-wave model to extract the material properties with optimization software based on genetic algorithms. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Davis, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bennydlyte@gmail.com; chriss.grosvenor@nist.gov; robert.johnk@nist.gov; david.novotny@nist.gov; james.baker-jarvis@nist.gov; michael.janezic@nist.gov NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 112 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.6028/jres.112.005 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 140HO UT WOS:000244495600005 PM 27110455 ER PT J AU Holman, KL Huang, Q Klimczuk, T Trzebiatowski, K Bos, JWG Morosan, E Lynn, JW Cava, RJ AF Holman, K. L. Huang, Q. Klimczuk, T. Trzebiatowski, K. Bos, J. W. G. Morosan, E. Lynn, J. W. Cava, R. J. TI Synthesis and properties of the double perovskites La2NiVO6, La2CoVO6, and La2CoTiO6 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE double perovskite; La2CoVO6; La2CoTiO6; La2NiVO6; semiconductor; neutron diffraction; antiferromagnetism ID MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CRYSTAL; OXIDE AB The double perovskites La2CoVO6, La2CoTiO6, and La2NiVO6, are described. Rietveld fitting of neutron and powder X-ray diffraction data show La2NiVO6 and La2CoVO6 to have a disordered arrangement of B-cations whereas La2CoTiO6 shows ordering of the B-cations (with similar to 5% Co/Ti inversion). Curie Weiss fits to the linear region of the 1/chi plots reveal Weiss temperatures of -107, -34.8, and 16.3 K for La2CoVO6, La2CoTiO6, and La2NiVO6, respectively, and magnetic transitions are observed. La2CoTiO6 prepared by our method differs from material prepared by lower-temperature routes. A simple anti ferromagnetic spin model is consistent with the data for La2CoTiO6. These compounds are semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.41 (La2CoVO6), 1.02 (La2CoTiO6) and 0.45 eV (La2NiVO6). (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Holman, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kholman@princeton.edu RI Bos, Jan-Willem/E-7648-2011; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013 OI Bos, Jan-Willem/0000-0003-3947-2024; Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.09.013 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 132OK UT WOS:000243951900011 ER PT J AU Grey, IE Mumme, WG Vanderah, TA Roth, RS Bougerol, C AF Grey, I. E. Mumme, W. G. Vanderah, T. A. Roth, R. S. Bougerol, C. TI Chemical twinning of the pyrochlore structure in the system Bi2O3-Fe2O3-Nb2O5 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chemical twinning of pyrochlore; pyrochlore : HTB unit-cell intergrowths ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB New ternary bismuth iron niobates having structures based on chemical twinning of pyrochlore are described. Bi5.67Nb10FeO35 has hexagonal symmetry, P6(3)/mmc, a = 7.432(1) angstrom, c = 31.881(2) angstrom, Z = 2 and Bi9.3Nb16.9Fe1.1O57.8 has rhombohedral symmetry, R-3m, a = 7.433(1) angstrom, c = 77.488(2) angstrom, Z = 3. The structures of both phases were determined and refined to R-1 = 0.04 using single-crystal X-ray data. They can be described as being derived from the pyrochlore structure by chemical twinning on (111)(py) oxygen planes. The chemical twin operation produces pairs of corner-connected hexagonal tungsten bronze (HTB) layers as in the HTB structure, so the structures may alternatively be described as pyrochlore:HTB unit-cell intergrowth structures. In the hexagonal phase the pyrochlore blocks have a width of 12 angstrom, whereas the rhombohedral phase has pyrochlore blocks of two widths, 6 and 12 angstrom, alternating with HTB blocks. It is proposed that the previously reported binary 4Bi(2)O(3):9Nb(2)O(5) phase has a related structure containing pyrochlore blocks all of width 6 angstrom. A feature of the structures is partial occupancy (similar to 65%) of the Bi sites and displacement of the Bi atoms from the ideal pyrochlore A sites towards the surrounding oxygen atoms, as observed in Bi-containing pyrochlores. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CEA, Equipe CEA, CNRS, NPSC,SP2M,DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Grey, IE (reprint author), CSIRO, Box 312, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM ian.grey@csiro.au RI Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015 OI Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 180 IS 1 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.10.004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 132OK UT WOS:000243951900022 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL Strawderman, WE AF Rukhin, Andrew L. Strawderman, William E. TI Statistical aspects of linkage analysis in interlaboratory studies SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Behrens-Fisher distribution; common mean problem; completeness; confidence intervals; contrasts; Graybill-Deal estimator; key comparisons; sufficient statistics; unbiasedness; UMVUE; Welch-Satterthwaite's formula ID BEHRENS-FISHER PROBLEM; ESTIMATORS; VARIANCES; MODEL AB This paper investigates statistical issues that arise in interlaboratory studies known as Key Comparisons when one has to link several comparisons to or through existing studies. An approach to the analysis of such a data is proposed using Gaussian distributions with heterogeneous variances. We develop conditions for the set of sufficient statistics to be complete and for the uniqueness of uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators (UMVUE) of the contrast parametric functions. New procedures are derived for estimating these functions with estimates of their uncertainty. These estimates lead to associated confidence intervals for the laboratories (or studies) contrasts. Several examples demonstrate statistical inference for contrasts based on linkage through the pilot laboratories. Monte Carlo simulation results on performance of approximate confidence intervals are also reported. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rukhin@math.umbc.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 137 IS 1 BP 264 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2005.09.004 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 092LT UT WOS:000241099000021 ER EF